Tesis sobre el tema "Brillance de la surface"
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MEI, SIMONA. "Mesures de distance par fluctuations de brillance de surface avec le vlt : predictions theoriques et observations". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR13158.
Texto completoPetremand, Matthieu Collet Christophe Genova Françoise. "Détection des galaxies à faible brillance de surface, segmentation hyperspectrale dans le cadre de l'observatoire virtuel". Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2007. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/695/01/PETREMAND2006.pdf.
Texto completoPetremand, Matthieu. "Détection des galaxies à faible brillance de surface et segmentation hyperspectrale dans le cadre de l'observatoire virtuel". Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/PETREMAND_Matthieu_2006.pdf.
Texto completoTechnological progress in astronomical instrumentation raise various issues. The development of multispectral sensors yields extremely valuable data. Nevertheless interpretation and processing of such images remain tricky for the astronomical community. Within the framework of this thesis we propose a new method for the detection of low surface brightness galaxy based on a quadtree Markovian segmentation. We then introduce a new segmentation method of hyperspectral data cubes based on a spectral discrimination and on a spatial regularization of the segmentation map. We then propose two multispectral images visualization methods and a new fuzzy segmentation method based on Markov fields. These methods are validated on astronomical images and led to a fruitful cooperation between STIC and astronomical community
Challouf, Mounir. "Caractérisation interférométrique de la relation brillance de surface-couleur des binaires à éclipse et étalonnage des échelles de distance dans l'univers". Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4023/document.
Texto completoMeasuring distances separating our own Galaxy from nearby ones revolutionized our understanding of the distance scale and provided the evidence for the expansion of the universe. The distances to the Small and Large Magellanic Clouds are critical steps of the cosmic distance ladder, and they have been determined using numerous independent methods (as, RR Lyrae stars, Cepheids and "red clump" stars). The aim of my thesis work is to improve our understanding of the Surface Brightness-Color relation (SBC) using optical interferometry. For this, we use the interferometer VEGA on CHARA. This instrument operates in the visible and benefits from the baselines of the CHARA interferometer. It has a spatial resolution of 0.3 mas, which makes it an ideal tool to determine diameters of stars. At first I determined the diameter of eight OBA-type stars with an average accuracy of 1.5%. Then I combined these diameters with others collected from the literature, to determine a new SBC relation for this type of stars. In a second step, a theoretical study of the impact of the rotation on the SBC relation was made to understand the physical effects affecting the accuracy of this relation and suppress the currently existing dispersion in order to further improve the accuracy of extragalactic distances
Zhang, Shuting. "Angular effects of surface brightness temperature observed from Sentinel-3A/SLSTR data". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAD055.
Texto completoThis study adopts SLSTR TIR data as the main data source and retrieves surface brightness temperature using split-window algorithm to analyze the angular effect of surface brightness temperature (SBT). Based on the simulation database, SBT retrieval method is developed and applied to SLSTR dual-angle SBT extraction. Then the magnitude and characteristics of SBT differences between nadir and oblique views were observed, considering factors such as land use/land cover, season, latitude and climate. Finally, GeoDetector tool was used to perform attribution analysis of SBT angular effects
Dupont, Florent. "Télédétection micro-onde de surfaces enneigées en milieu arctique : étude des processus de surface de la calotte glaciaire Barnes, Nunavut, Canada". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5306.
Texto completoSantiago-Jegaden, Armelle. "Impact des états de surface continentaux sur la dynamique pluvieuse au Cameroun : répartition statio-temporelle des indicateurs météosat : occurences de nuages à sommet froid et températures maximales de brillance". Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOL027.
Texto completoThe objective of this study is to expose the role that the continental surface characteristics have in the distribution of cloud banks of the cumuliform type and rain in Cameroon this research lies within a larger framework of improving pluviometric forecast in a region of the globe where population is very dependant on the spatio-temporal variability of precipitation. Cameroon is quite appropriate for this study as it enjoys a wide range of climates, ranging from constant humidity of equatorial areas to sahelian atmosphere in the surroundings of lac chad. The relief and vegetation are particular, especially in the south of the country, while, in the north, life is narrowly dependent upon a single, short, rainy season. Here, a new method has been developed. It is based on correlating satellite findings from the period 1990- 1993 (meteosat thermic synthesis) with digitalised cartographical documents relative to the characteristics of the ground. Radiation emitted by the ground and the atmosphere in the thermic infrarouge towards space is filtered to extract two major facts relating to convection and rainfall formation. Convection developements appear to be disturbed essentially by large land formations. The influence of slope directions and orographic masses is clear the role of secondary ground characteristics is more difficult to prove. Nevertheless, the presence of free water sheet and areas which are periodically flooded in the north seem to have repercussions on convection. In addition, the interactions between the lower levels of the atmosphere and vegetation were able to be specified in the forest/savanna border in the south of the country where new elements were introduced due to the climatic consequences of human activities (slash-and-burn farming, land clearing). The relation between these observations and the variability of rainfall have been established, leading to interesting perpectives for similar research for longer periods of time and in other areas
Mounirou, Touré Ally. "Estimation de l'équivalent en eau de la neige par l'utilisation d'un système d'assimilation de température de brillance dans un modèle de métamorphisme de neige multicouche". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2804.
Texto completoPillatsch, Lex. "Bombardement ionique O‾, F‾, Br‾ et l‾ en SIMS : génération par duoplasmatron et étude du potentiel analytique". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL052N/document.
Texto completoSecondary Ion Mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a powerful surface analysis technique. The ionisation probability strongly depends on the chemical surface state. The generation of positive secondary ions can be enhanced by surface bombardment with electronegative elements.Due to the optical configuration of the CAMECA NanoSIMS 50, that necessitates an opposite polarity of incoming and ejected ions, analyses of positive ions are realized with primary O- ions, generated in a duoplasmatron ion source. As a consequence of the low O- brightness of the duoplasmatron source, the lateral resolution of the analyses on the NanoSIMS 50 is not satisfactory in the positive secondary mode. In this work, we studied the feasibility of different alternative negative primary ion beams. We investigated the possibility of F-, Cl-, Br- and I- ion generation with a duoplasmatron as a function of the source parameters, notably the magnetic field strength, the arc current and the total gas pressure. The ion current and the beam diameter were measured in order to determine the F-, Cl-, Br- and I- brightness of the source. A comparative study with the O- brightness demonstrates an increase of the F- brightness by a factor of 5.By using the F-, Cl-, Br- and I- bombardment, the sputtering yield, the concentration of implanted primary ions and the useful yield of different semi-conductor and metal samples were analysed. As a consequence of a low halogen concentration, related to etching effects, no enhancement of the useful yield could be noticed for the semi-conductors. For metals however (e.g. Ni, Cu and Ag), useful yield enhancements by up to a factor of 100 compared to the O- bombardment could be demonstrated
Adodo, Fifi Ibrahime. "Altimétrie et radiométrie en Antarctique". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30135/document.
Texto completoIn the context of global climate changes, the Antarctic ice sheet contribution to sea-level rise is one of the main uncertainty sources. The extent and extreme meteorological conditions of this continent render remote sensing a useful tool for long term monitoring. Altimetry and radiometry observations in the microwave range reveal variations of the volume of the ice sheet and surface properties of the snowpack. Radar altimeters, provide repeated observations of the surface topography elevation, which allow the quantification of volume variations of the ice sheet. However, the penetration of radar waves in dry and cold snowpack adversely affects the estimated surface elevation. Approaches to minimize the penetration error are all based on a relationship with the backscattering coefficient. Understanding the annual and interannual variations of the backscattering coefficient is thus a key issue in order to improve the estimation accuracy of the surface elevation and to refine the ice-sheet volume trend. This thesis aims at studying the backscattering coefficients acquired by radar altimeters, which until now have received little attention. Radar altimeters on board ENVISAT (S and Ku bands) and SARAL/AltiKa (Ka band) have different sensitivities to the snowpack properties. The annual and interannual variations of the backscattering coefficient at the three bands is investigated. Sensitivity tests are carried out with an electromagnetic model to determine the prevailing snowpack properties that drive the signal. The seasonal signal is sensitive to surface density and roughness at S band, to snow temperature at Ka band and to either snow surface density and roughness or temperature depending on the location on the continent at Ku band. The seasonal signal of the backscattering coefficient is then compared with that of the brightness temperature measured by radiometers on SARAL and SSM/I. The results show a significant influence of surface roughness on brightness temperatures at Ka band, which has often been neglected in brightness temperature modeling studies. This thesis provides a better understanding of the seasonal dynamics of the near surface properties of the Antarctic ice sheet. It also provides new clues to build a more robust corrections of the penetration errors in the future. It highlights the importance of multi-frequency altimetry missions and the potential of the S band to study the seasonal variability in surface roughness. In summary, surface roughness is an important property which should be taken into account for a better modeling of backscattering coefficient and brightness temperature
Torinesi, Olivier. "Contribution à l'étude du climat antarctique : variabilité de la fonte de surface par télédétection micro-onde entre 1979 et 1999 ; et paramétrisation de la couche limite atmosphérique stable". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00755689.
Texto completoParrens, Marie. "Assimilation des données SMOS dans un modèle des surfaces continentales : mise en œuvre et évaluation sur la France". Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2147/.
Texto completoAssimilating surface soil moisture (SSM) in a land surface model permits a better monitoring of the soil water content. Remote sensing is an indispensable tool for monitoring the evolution of SSM, both spatially and temporally. SMOS was launched in November 2009 and it is the first satellite specifically dedicated to SSM mapping over continents. A comparison of the first SMOS data with ASCAT over France showed that the ASCAT product was better correlated with in situ SSM observations and with SSM simulations for the year 2010. Over bare soil plot of SMOSREX (2003-2005), in situ SSM were assimilated into a new multi-layer version of the soil module of the Interaction between the Soil, Biosphere, Atmosphere (ISBA) land surface model. A simplified Extended Kalman Filter was used to analyze 11 soil layers of the ISBA multi-layer version (ISBA-DF). For dry periods, corrections affected a shallow 0-15 cm top soil layer. For wet period, weaker corrections were applied for the entire column. To prepare the assimilation of the TB, the TB were produced by coupling ISBA-DF with a microwave emission model (CMEM). With ISBA-DF, computing TB using the Wilheit smooth surface emissivity and taking into account an impact of SSM on soil roughness is recommended. Finally, the SMOSREX TB observations were assimilated by ISBA-DF. Considering CMEM as an observation operator provided a SSM and total soil water content analysis similar to the analysis obtained by assimilating direct SSM observations in ISBA-DF
Asem, Adel Ahmad. "Étude des données satellitaires multispectrales-multisources : application au bilan énergétique". Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112011.
Texto completoThis thesis discusses the analysis and application of remotely sensed data from multispectral and multisource origins. The objective is to estimate physical parameters at the earth surface such as shortwave and longwave fluxes. Data from geostationary (METEOSAT) and polar orbiting (NOAA) satellites are used. The approach is based on analyzing the multispectral and multisource data from three different aspects: geometrical, radiometrical, and the removal of atmospheric effects. • In the geometrical analysis, the thesis presents two accurate methods to reference or navigate images of NOAA AVHRR and METEOSAT. The methods are used to register and/or rectify images. • In the radiometrical analysis, the thesis presents an automatic and operational procedure to calibrate the infrared radiometers on board geostationary satellites using infrared data from radiometers on board polar orbiting satellites. • The removal of atmospheric effects on satellite data is applied, in this thesis, to the infrared radiometers of NOAA and METEOSAT. The study presents a new analytical procedure which includes the effects of nonlinear absorption of the water vapor contents. Tests on real data showed a remarkable improvement on the retrieval of the sea surface temperatures from satellite data. To simplify the complexity of the above treatment, the thesis presents an image database system designed and implemented to automatically handle the above procedures so that a user can, inter actively, execute any operation without having to know, in details, the technical aspects of each operation. The thesis covers the theoretical development of each procedure and its application to real data
Michels-Gabuteau, Hélène. "La brillance cutanée liée au sebum". Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P034.
Texto completoFERRARI, CECILE. "Variations azimutales de brillance des anneaux planetaires". Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA112136.
Texto completoSchröder, Gesine, Elisabeth Sasso-Fruth y Lu Wollny. "Balance - brillance - nostalgie: des inventions d'instruments d'orchestre vers 1880". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-60542.
Texto completoBackground in music theory Research in the field of organology has seldom been applied to orchestral culture [1]. What significance the budding musical historicism had for an epoch otherwise marked by general enthusiasm toward technology, has been shown in part in studies by Brown [2]. The invention of new orchestral instruments around 1880 and the technical improvements of existing instruments reflect a certain orientation to the past [15 et 17]. Background in linguistics/Romance languages Compositional theories and in turn theories of orchestration, which is the topic at hand, must always translate the object under consideration into another medium; that is, from sound to language [3]. What consequences this transformation has on the perception of sound phenomena with regards to instrumental innovations and in particular a characteristic and specific idiomatic style of writing for an instrument has already been studied on occasion [12 et 16]. Aims By analysing the language in three examples portraying typical everyday practices in the instruction of instrumentation around 1880, insight shall be gained into new currents in orchestration that one truly felt confronted with around that time as a result of the invention of orchestral instruments: Against what did one feel one had to struggle? What threats would be posed by these changes? Which orchestral innovations were desired, accepted, greeted with enthusiasm or condemned? Main contribution At the beginning of the 1880s there was a radical change in European orchestral culture. This change will be reconstructed using the example of the Leipziger Gewandhausorchester by examining the language in three theories of orchestration that were written around 1880: two by authors in Leipzig and, to provide a comparison, one by an author in Genf (Jadassohn, Hofmann, Kling). The idea of the equality of all tones in the chromatic scale, as well as the phantasm of “favourable progress” gave way to a new notion: instead of pursuing endless technical possibilities, one strove for distinct characteristics of each instrument, even accepting limitations to achieve this. Some examples for this development that are described in detail are the thumb valve trombones, the Pfundt timpani, the Kruspe-Schwedler flutes, and the five-string double bass. All the versions mentioned can be traced to innovations made by musicians in the orchestra. Even as late as 1880 the artistic and intellectual atmosphere at the Gewandhaus was one in which members of the orchestra invented or even ‘reinvented’ their own instruments. Near the end of the nineteenth century a growing incapacitation of this type of creative musician may be observed. Moreover there is a new trend: alongside an early form of a performance practice increasingly oriented on historical traditions, the practice of updating a historical sound through the process of retouching developed. Implications Organological research, performance practice, and the theory of orchestration are brought into connection with one another. Knowledge of new instruments and conventions in orchestration around 1880 can have powerful consequences for musical performance insofar as it strives to reproduce a historical sound or in some other way makes a claim to being historically informed. It would radically estrange the sound of this music as we know it, thus making it – in a formalistic sense – possible to hear it in a new way for the first time
Der einschneidende Wandel der europäischen Orchesterkultur um 1880 wird an konkreten Fällen des Instrumentariums des Leipziger Gewandhausorchesters rekonstruiert. Die Reaktionen auf instrumentale Neuerungen wird nachvollzogen anhand von um die Wende zum 20. Jahrhundert entstandenen Instrumentationslehren (Jadassohn, Hofmann, Kling)
Fortin, Christyna. "Brillance, féminité et autres "quétaineries" dans mes images populaires". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36803.
Texto completoMonnier-Ragaigne, Delphine. "Recherche de galaxies de faible brillance en infra-rouge proche". Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112247.
Texto completoAt present, the Low Surface Brightness galaxies (LSB) constitute the least well known fraction of galaxies. Nevertheless, they represent the most important population of galaxies. We selected an homogenous sample of about 4000 LSB galaxies using the all-sky near-infrared (J, H and Ks-band) 2MASS survey brightness galaxies in order to study their properties. The first results of the multiwavelength observations (infrared, optical and HI data) are: (1) The central surface brightness of the selected galaxies (in Ks band) are similar to the central surface brightness of the optical selected LSB galaxy; (2) These infrared LSBs are blue in majority with some extremely blue galaxies. Not many red LSBs were found; (3) The mass HI to light ratio of the infrared LSB are similar to the ratio of High Surface Brightness galaxies. A correlation appears between the ratio M_HI/L and the absolute magnitude in Ks band; (4) 50 infrared LSBs observed in HI present a mass of gaz HI greater than 10^10 M[Sun] ; (5) A comparison between a large range of LSB galaxies (optical and infrared selected) and a simple model of formation of LSB disk has been done and the majority of the properties of LSBs are well reproduced
Schröder, Gesine, Elisabeth Sasso-Fruth y Lu Wollny. "Balance - brillance - nostalgie: des inventions d''instruments d''orchestre vers 1880". Fifth Conference on Interdisciplinary Musicology, (CIM 09) : 26-29 Octobre 2009, Paris, France. - Paris, 2009, 2010. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A872.
Texto completoBackground in music theory Research in the field of organology has seldom been applied to orchestral culture [1]. What significance the budding musical historicism had for an epoch otherwise marked by general enthusiasm toward technology, has been shown in part in studies by Brown [2]. The invention of new orchestral instruments around 1880 and the technical improvements of existing instruments reflect a certain orientation to the past [15 et 17]. Background in linguistics/Romance languages Compositional theories and in turn theories of orchestration, which is the topic at hand, must always translate the object under consideration into another medium; that is, from sound to language [3]. What consequences this transformation has on the perception of sound phenomena with regards to instrumental innovations and in particular a characteristic and specific idiomatic style of writing for an instrument has already been studied on occasion [12 et 16]. Aims By analysing the language in three examples portraying typical everyday practices in the instruction of instrumentation around 1880, insight shall be gained into new currents in orchestration that one truly felt confronted with around that time as a result of the invention of orchestral instruments: Against what did one feel one had to struggle? What threats would be posed by these changes? Which orchestral innovations were desired, accepted, greeted with enthusiasm or condemned? Main contribution At the beginning of the 1880s there was a radical change in European orchestral culture. This change will be reconstructed using the example of the Leipziger Gewandhausorchester by examining the language in three theories of orchestration that were written around 1880: two by authors in Leipzig and, to provide a comparison, one by an author in Genf (Jadassohn, Hofmann, Kling). The idea of the equality of all tones in the chromatic scale, as well as the phantasm of “favourable progress” gave way to a new notion: instead of pursuing endless technical possibilities, one strove for distinct characteristics of each instrument, even accepting limitations to achieve this. Some examples for this development that are described in detail are the thumb valve trombones, the Pfundt timpani, the Kruspe-Schwedler flutes, and the five-string double bass. All the versions mentioned can be traced to innovations made by musicians in the orchestra. Even as late as 1880 the artistic and intellectual atmosphere at the Gewandhaus was one in which members of the orchestra invented or even ‘reinvented’ their own instruments. Near the end of the nineteenth century a growing incapacitation of this type of creative musician may be observed. Moreover there is a new trend: alongside an early form of a performance practice increasingly oriented on historical traditions, the practice of updating a historical sound through the process of retouching developed. Implications Organological research, performance practice, and the theory of orchestration are brought into connection with one another. Knowledge of new instruments and conventions in orchestration around 1880 can have powerful consequences for musical performance insofar as it strives to reproduce a historical sound or in some other way makes a claim to being historically informed. It would radically estrange the sound of this music as we know it, thus making it – in a formalistic sense – possible to hear it in a new way for the first time.
Der einschneidende Wandel der europäischen Orchesterkultur um 1880 wird an konkreten Fällen des Instrumentariums des Leipziger Gewandhausorchesters rekonstruiert. Die Reaktionen auf instrumentale Neuerungen wird nachvollzogen anhand von um die Wende zum 20. Jahrhundert entstandenen Instrumentationslehren (Jadassohn, Hofmann, Kling).
GAO, JIE. "Etudes theorique et experimentale des canons a electrons hyperfrequence (hf) a haute brillance". Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA112139.
Texto completoMourey, Jean-Pierre. "Brillance et apathie : figures de l'art et de la littérature au XXe siècle". Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0308.
Texto completoThe strategies and aesthetics of details. The brightness of a feature, the monstrosity of a detail, the fascination it causes, its absence of signifiance. The first part of the study deals with various uses of details. Hegel's aesthetics illustrates some sort of "detail control police" which has prevailed in the history of western art : the detail is subdued to a logic of the whole, of the one, of the spiritual. Opposed to this figurative tradition, one may find some sort of insistance on the fragment, the peripheral, the marginal, the fortuitous. The second part tackles the very same problem of details and minimal strokes within the field of brilliancy and apathy, as it came to be defined in XXth century art. The vivid, the grey and the shining. . . Cezanne, who claimed to be the "sensitive plate" of a landscape, is one of the leading figures in sensitive vividness. Grass can be a motif of brilliancy : the Proustian hawthorn blossom, Bonnard's mimosas and almond trees, Ponge's lilac, the intensity of grass in Claude Simon, Henri Cueco, Edouard Pignon. Rather than an enumeration of the iconographic motifs of the brilliant and the grey, our purpose is to analyze the "figural" system that presides over their production. The bright feature or the neutral element then appear as rejections
Ouarets, Shiraz. "Conception de la détection d'un gonioreflectomètre métrologique pour mesurer la BRDF des surfaces". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM0995/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to provide the French Metrology with a reference instrument that can be used for measuring the appearance of objects. Several physical properties of object appearance are used not only to identify the object itself but also determine its quality. These include color, gloss, texture and translucency. This work describes the design, characterization and the implementation of an instrument that has been built particularly to measure the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of planar surfaces. BRDF is a physical quantity that enables measuring the surface color and gloss. Accordingly it is important to ensure accurate and traceable measurements of such a quantity in order for a comprehensive understanding of surface properties to be fulfilled.Some surfaces show pigmented, metallic, sparkling or pearlescent appearance. These surfaces, called goniochromatic surfaces, have the ability to change their appearance depending on the viewing angle. To characterize them, it is necessary to deliver surface reflectance measurements at several directions and under different illumination conditions. The instrument that enables these measurements is called gonioreflectometer.The experimental setup we have designed consists of two separate detection lines. The first line, called "color line", is used to study the color. It consists of a stationary illumination source that uses a xenon lamp spectrally resolved by a monochromator. The light coming out from the source is focused on the surface under investigation. The reflected light by the surface is collected by using a lens and directed onto a photodiode by a mirror. This detection system can be moved over a wide angular range so as to measure the BRDF.The second line, called "gloss line", is used to measure the gloss of the surface. In order to be very close to the average human observer, high angular resolution is required. In this line the detection part is stationary. It consists of a Charged Coupled Device (CCD) camera of 512 x 512 pixels. The source used to illuminate the surface is an incandescent tungsten lamp. Angular measurements in this line are provided by the movement of the illumination source itself. Both color and gloss lines share a robot sample-holder that provides six degrees of freedom. This of course facilitates measurements over varies detection and illumination directions of the sample.Key words: Color, Gloss, BRDF, Goniochromatisme, Specular pic
Sylvain, Jean-Daniel. "Développement et validation d'indices spectraux pour la cartographie des propriétés physiques des sols une approche multitemporelle appliquée dans le bassin versant du ruisseau Ewing (Qc)". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5634.
Texto completoYu, Tao. "Mesure et modélisation des variations directionnelles de la température de brillance : cas d'un couvert de maïs en rang". Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-177-178.pdf.
Texto completoGeissbuehler, Simon. "Prototype de polarimètre micro-onde portable pour la détection à distance des températures de brillance". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1583.
Texto completoConcialdi, Jérôme. "Objectivation de la brillance des pièces de l'automobile : mise au point d'une méthodologie de mesure". Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2088.
Texto completoThe presence of light reflections inside the car introduces troubles for the driver. Its importance depends on the shape, the texture and on the scattering properties of the elements of the cockpit. The purpose of this work is to propose an objective way for the measurement and modelisation of these reflections, which are observed either directly or after reflection on the windscreen. This study was carried out with plan parts in polymer and used as aspect references. The first stage concerns the modelisation of the sample reflections. We measure the relief of the samples with an optical profilometer using the fringe projection method as well as the Reflection Distribution Function with a commercial instrument. Then those data are introduced into a raytracing software to obtain greyscale pictures of the sample reflection. The results of this modelisation are confronted to the manufacturer measurements and validated. We also approach the problem from a sensorial point of view: how is perceived the reflection and what is the trouble created? We determined a critical threshold in the picture corresponding to the threshold of in- convenience by comparing our modelisations to the sensorial measurements obtained by the car manufacturer. A colorimetric study of the samples allows us to display the modelisation on a screen by conserving their color, in order to anticipate the trouble without to have to manipulate the samples. Finally, we expend our process three dimensional parts, and next to an original kind of surface, i. E. A non homogenous material with metallic particles incrusted
Gallinelli, Thomas. "Les concentrateurs luminescents pour l’amplification de la brillance des diodes électroluminescentes : application au pompage laser". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD086/document.
Texto completoElectroluminescent diodes are popular sources due to their low cost, their reliability, and their excellent luminous efficiency. However, the power density of lambertian sources such as LED cannot be improved with linear optics which makes them not suited to laser pumping. We propose to increase the LED power density by one order of magnitude by coupling them in luminescent concentrators (LC). We studied these luminescent concentrators as illuminating sources using LC made of cerium doped YAG crystals (Ce:YAG) and we analyzed their performances using ray tracing simulations. For a deeper understanding of the challenge of extracting trapped rays in luminescent concentrators, a fully analytical model is also presented and used to study the influence of simple geometrical modifications such as wedging or roughening the luminescent concentrators output face. A significant increase of the light intensity was experimentally observed as well as a shrinking of the angular distribution. Finally, we set up a full organic structure with a LED source associated to thin film luminescent concentrators in order to pump micrometer-sized multimode waveguides. We demonstrated a one-order of magnitude amplification compared to a direct pumping with the same power density. It makes the LED/concentrator light source well suited for integrated optics and opens new perspectives whenever
Delattre, Émilie. "Fonctionnalisation de polymères et applications en cosmétique". Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00918532.
Texto completoFauchez, Thomas. "Effets de l’hétérogénéité des cirrus sur les températures de brillance et sur les propriétés optiques restituées par radiomètrie infrarouge depuis l’espace". Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10132/document.
Texto completoIn a global climate change context, clouds are one of the major uncertainties. In particular, ice clouds (cirrus) have an important impact on the greenhouse effect. In order to estimate clouds properties from spatial radiometric measurements, operational algorithms assume that the observation pixel is homogeneous and independent. These approximations may lead to errors on the retrieved cloud properties. In this thesis, we studied the impact of cirrus cloud heterogeneities on brightness temperatures simulated at the top of atmosphere and on the retrieved parameters from spatial infrared radiometry. We extended the cloud generator 3DCloud in order to generate cirrus and we coupled it with the radiative transfer code 3DMCPOL extended to the thermal infrared in order to simulate top of atmosphere brightness temperatures. We showed that the heterogeneities effect is mainly function of the optical thickness standard deviation inside the observation pixel and of the cirrus altitude. This effect becomes upper than 1 K from a visible optical thickness of 0.3. Heterogeneities effect on the retrieved optical properties can reach more than 50% on the ice crystal effective diameter and more than 20% on the optical thickness. This effect is much more important that to the others possible errors and it would have to be considered in order to improve the cloud properties retrieval
Canat, Guillaume. "Conception et réalisation d'une source impulsionnelle à fibre dopée Erbium-Ytterbium millijoule de grande brillance spectrale". Phd thesis, Ecole nationale superieure de l'aeronautique et de l'espace, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00150684.
Texto completoLa dynamique des sources impulsionnelles générant des impulsions nanosecondes à microsecondes a été analysée dans la première partie de cette étude. L'influence des réflexions parasites aux faibles taux de répétition (quelques kilohertz) a notamment été mise en évidence. Les effets thermiques dans les lasers Erbium-Ytterbium à forte puissance de pompe ont également été étudiés. Lorsque l'intensité transportée devient suffisamment importante, l'effet non-linéaire
dominant, la Diffusion Brillouin Stimulée (DBS) limite la puissance extractible des amplificateurs.
Nous avons donc développé dans un deuxième temps un modèle original qui rend compte de la dynamique de la DBS dans les amplificateurs dopés. Le caractère guidé des ondes acoustiques qui interviennent a été pris en compte. Un modèle satisfaisant des modes longitudinaux acoustiques a été introduit. Afin d'élever le seuil de la DBS, des fibres amplificatrices faiblement multimodes peuvent être utilisées. Un compromis entre qualité spatiale et puissance crête transportable doit alors être
trouvé. Grâce à nos modèles, nous avons conçu une source impulsionnelle multi-étages qui a permis
d'atteindre 650 µJ pour des impulsions de l'ordre de la microseconde avec une qualité de faisceau caractérisée par un M2~2.
Dupraz, Kevin. "Conception et optimisation d’un recirculateur optique pour la source haute brillance de rayons gamma d’ELI-NP". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112218/document.
Texto completoThis thesis is about the design and the realization of the optical system of a new gamma-ray source, ELI-NP-GBS (Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics - Gamma Beam Source), which benefits from the recent developments in laser technology, optics and accelerators. The final characteristics that this source aims to reach is one order of magnitude higher in intensity than the actual best Compton machine, HIGS. A new type of optical system has been designed for ELI-NP-GBS. It is a 32 passes system made of two confocal parabolic mirrors and a set of Mirror-Pair Systems. The parabolic reflectors focalize and collimate successively a high intensity laser beam (400 mJ per pulse). The ``dragon-shape'' geometry ensures that the laser beam and electron bunches cross at a constant angle in a unique point. These performances are guaranteed by a few micrometers precision in position alignment, a few microradians precision in orientation alignment and by a few hundreds femtoseconds synchronization between electron bunches and laser pulses for each pass. This alignment and this synchronization is performed by used of dedicated procedures and algorithms. These algorithms have been developed and tested with numerical simulations which take into account the mechanical and optical aspects of the system such as the mechanical pre-alignment, the mirrors' surface deformations, the laser beam polarization, etc. A first proof of principle of the synchronization method has been successful
MARIOJOULS, STEPHANE. "Contribution a l'etude du fonctionnement en regime continu des diodes laser de forte brillance a section amplificatrice evasee". Toulouse 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU30236.
Texto completoBel, kamel Emna. "Modélisation du canal en ondes millimétriques pour des applications radar automobile". Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IMTA0042/document.
Texto completoImproving road safety as well as the development of intelligent transport systems are issues of the future in the automotive sector with a considerable rise of the semi-autonomous and autonomous vehicle. The active safety systems that increasingly equip commercial vehicles use radar sensors (long and short range) operating in the 24 GHz or 77GHz bands. The study and development of such sensors can be facilitated through the use of a generic simulation platform to simulate a radar system coupled to its environment according to predefined standard scenarios. It is then necessary to have a reliable and realistic representation of the environment as well as targets. This thesis deals with the characterization and modelling of the propagation channel for radar applications, in terms of propagation phenomena (multipath, reflection, diffraction …) and electrically large targets. A combination of asymptotic methods was developed for the analysis of electrically large problems in W band, while reducing the requirements in CPU time and memory. The accuracy of the simulator was evaluated with radar cross section measurement of canonical and complex small targets (not exceeding 6 cm) in an anechoic chamber. The developed bench measurement also made it possible to validate an experimental procedure for determining the radar signature. Indeed, the experimental characterization was generalized to characterize various automotive related targets in an “indoor” environment. Measurement results matched well with the results presented in the literature. Moreover, the experimental data allows the extraction of a simple target description in terms of scattering points which model the diffusion and specular reflection phenomena. The high frequency response of a target can be approached by the sum of the responses of its scattering centres. It is thus proposed to simplify the measured signatures in order to increase the computation efficiency. Compared to detailed geometrical representation of a complex target, scattering centre model leads to better efficiency of ray-based propagation simulations of road scenarios. The model also takes into account the scattering centre anisotropy (in the azimuth plan) by modelling their amplitudes by Gaussian ones
Kabeya, David. "Montée en brillance des réseaux de lasers à fibre : Nouvelle approche par diagnostic à contraste de phase dans une boucle d’optimisation". Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0116/document.
Texto completoCoherent laser beam combining techniques rapidly appeared highly promising in the field of ultra-high power laser sources. Indeed, the combined intensity around the propagation axis follows a quadratic law with the number of combined emitters. The first part of my work has been focused on passive phasing techniques, based on self-organization properties of coupled lasers. We have shown, both numerically and experimentally, that the intracavity filtering function due to the interferometric nature of the set-up, is an intrinsic reason for combining efficiency decrease far above laser threshold. The decrease goes steeper when the number of combined laser increases, making that kind of system inappropriate for coherently combining a large number of lasers delivering high power. The second part of my work consisted in studying an innovative active phasing method that associates a phase-contrast like filter with an optimization algorithm reducing phase errors between emitters. Both simulations and experiments showed the weak sensitivity of this method to the number of combined emitters. We demonstrated the phasing of 7 to 37 fiber lasers, delivering up to 5W each. To the best of our knowledge, this last result is the highest number of fiber lasers combined with an active phasing method. The combining efficiency has been estimated around 94%, corresponding to a residual phase error of λ/25. The weak number of algorithm iterations needed to reach the in-phase regime offered a bandwidth of approximately 1kHz
Fauchez, Thomas. "Effets de l’hétérogénéité des cirrus sur les températures de brillance et sur les propriétés optiques restituées par radiomètrie infrarouge depuis l’espace". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10132.
Texto completoIn a global climate change context, clouds are one of the major uncertainties. In particular, ice clouds (cirrus) have an important impact on the greenhouse effect. In order to estimate clouds properties from spatial radiometric measurements, operational algorithms assume that the observation pixel is homogeneous and independent. These approximations may lead to errors on the retrieved cloud properties. In this thesis, we studied the impact of cirrus cloud heterogeneities on brightness temperatures simulated at the top of atmosphere and on the retrieved parameters from spatial infrared radiometry. We extended the cloud generator 3DCloud in order to generate cirrus and we coupled it with the radiative transfer code 3DMCPOL extended to the thermal infrared in order to simulate top of atmosphere brightness temperatures. We showed that the heterogeneities effect is mainly function of the optical thickness standard deviation inside the observation pixel and of the cirrus altitude. This effect becomes upper than 1 K from a visible optical thickness of 0.3. Heterogeneities effect on the retrieved optical properties can reach more than 50% on the ice crystal effective diameter and more than 20% on the optical thickness. This effect is much more important that to the others possible errors and it would have to be considered in order to improve the cloud properties retrieval
Boitard, Paul. "Impact des pratiques agricoles sur le bilan radiatif et la température de brillance du maïs à fine échelle par modélisation physique 3D". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSES113.
Texto completoQuantifying the radiative budget (RB) and brightness temperature (BT) of maize, the most produced cereal in the world, is crucial for managing its cultivation in the context of climate change. Its microclimate, including temperature, water and energy flows, depends on crop management practices. It is therefore essential to evaluate the impacts of these practices on RB and BT at the field scale. To compare the influence of agroecological (AE) practices and conventional agriculture (CA) on RB and BT of maize, it is necessary to use modeling with 3D radiative transfer models (RTM) and remote sensing observations (RS). The question of the contribution of agroecological practices to the radiative, thermal and hydrological balance of agricultural covers compared to conventional practices is a major strategic issue. We studied two neighboring maize fields in southwestern France, with AE and CA practices, respectively. We chose the DART RTM, which is considered one of the best in the world, and we relied on in situ and drone and satellite remote sensing data. First, we created realistic 3D models of the CA and AE fields and validated them with a new method based on DART and the reflectances and vegetation indices acquired in July 2019 by drone and by the Sentinel 2 satellite (S2). We then simulated time series of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed (APAR) for plants (APARplant) and soil (APARsol) with DART. On average for the day, APARplant was 21.5 W/m2 higher in the AE field and APARsol was 20.1 W/m2 higher in the CA field. To understand where these differences came from, we conducted a sensitivity study on the different geometric and optical parameters (OP) between the two fields in order to quantify their respective impacts. The OP of the soil caused ≈ 45 % of the differences in APARplant and APARsol. This highlights the important role of OPsol associated with AE practices, which is responsible for almost half of the RB differences on its own. Because it integrates the nonlinear effects of all these parameters, the leaf area index (LAI) represents ≈ 40 % of the difference in APARplant and APARsol. The sensitivity of APAR to LAI is two times lower in the AE field than in the CA field. The results showed that the differences in APAR between the AE and CA fields can be even greater with other maize row orientations. The results also highlighted the role of the field model on the simulated APAR by comparing We also created DART models in the thermal domain to study brightness temperature (BT). These models were calibrated using a new method based on statistical comparisons between UAV/DART. These models are in agreement with the data results, which give a difference of 2K in favor of the AE field over the CA field. We then studied the geometric factors in order to measure their impact on BT based on illumination. The results show that with this BT distribution method, the difference in LAI in the ranges of the 2 fields (about 3.2) and the rotation of the maize plants have almost no impact. In contrast, the shape of the plants and especially the geometry of the field have a very clear impact, particularly on the soil BT (4K) in favor of CA. This work opens up interesting perspectives for the future, especially with the arrival of models capable of simulating the energy balance, which will allow to simulate processes not taken into account in DART such as evapotranspiration or humidity. This will make it possible to quantify the effect of each parameter in the soil-vegetation-atmosphere interface to show the differences related to agricultural practices on BT
Issartel, Jérôme. "Comportement des aciers inoxydables ferritiques stabilisés lors des étapes de recuit et décapage". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00721773.
Texto completoVan, Gorp Adrien. "Optimisation du temps de cycle d'injection de pièces plastiques". Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1722.
Texto completoIn plastic injection, the mold must be designed to increase the heat fluxes leading to the cooling time. Firstly, this work is focused on the heat exchange between the mold and the cooling fluid. A technical solution is proposed to reduce the sub-layer which indues a heat fluxes limitation. Experimental results and numeric simulations show that exchange is increased about 7%. Next, the influence of 4 process parameters is studied on the polymeric material (characterized by means of shrinkage and hardness measurements) and on the gloss and roughness of injected parts surface. Results lead to a main effect of injection temperature and velocity. These effects on the material are linked with the cristallinity promoted by the injection temperature. The main effect on the surface is explained by the evolution of the polymer viscosity during the injection phase. Globally, it seems to be important to take into account the different physical phenomena in the cycle rime optimization by modifying the injection parameters
Murphy, Sherry M. "SURFACE". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1152.
Texto completoWinsby, Andrew James. "Direct surface generation and surface orientated control". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413812.
Texto completoMukundan, Harish. "Surface-surface intersection with validated error bounds". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33167.
Texto completoThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-100).
This thesis presents a robust method for tracing intersection curve segments between continuous rational parametric surfaces, typically rational polynomial parametric surface patches. Using a validated ordinary differential equation (ODE) system solver based on interval arithmetic, we obtain a continuous, validated upper bound for the intersection curve segment in the parametric space of each surface. Application of the validated ODE solver in the context of eliminating the pathological phenomena of straying and looping is discussed. We develop a method to achieve a continuous gap-free boundary with a definite numerically verified upper bound for the intersection curve error in parameter space. This bound in parametric space is further mapped to an upper bound for the intersection curve error in 3D model space, denoted as model space error, which assists in defining robust boundary representation models of complex three-dimensional solids. In addition, we also discuss a method for controlling this model space error so that it takes values below a predefined threshold (tolerance). Application of the above method to various examples is further demonstrated.
by Harish Mukundan.
S.M.
Thorsness, Adam G. "Surface Pretreatment for Thin Film Surface Reactivity". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194965.
Texto completoBarella, Ortiz Anais. "Analysis and modelling of soil moisture and evaporation processes, implications for climate change". Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066115/document.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the study of evaporation and soil moisture, t wo main parameters of the hydrological cycle, and thus the climate system. First, potential evaporation (ET P ) is analysed. It is an important input to hydrological and agronomic models, key to describe the interactions between the surface e and the atmosphere, and the basis of most of the estimations of actual evapora tion. Physically-based and empirical methods to estimate ET P are evaluated, at a global scale, under current climate conditions and in a changing climate. The former methods correspond to those implemented in land surface models (LSM) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (F AO) reference evapotranspiration equation. The assumptions made in FAO's method underest imate ET P if compared to LSM methods. They also result in a lower sensitive ty of ET P to climate change. In addition, empirical equations are not able to reproduce the impact of climate change on ET P if compared to that from LSM methods. Soil moisture is the second aim of this thesis. It is treated t hrough the analysis of brightness temperatures (TB). These are a measure of the radiation emitted by the surface , and thus an optimum parameter to use in remote sensing techniques for soi l moisture retrieval. Measured TB from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission are compared, over the Iberian Peninsula, to two sets of TB modelled estimates from two LSM. There is a good agreement in the temporal evolution between them. However, discrepancy es are found regarding the spatial structures, which become more evident during fall and winter and are mainly explained by differences in the annual cycle of measured and modelled TB
Piot, Philippe. "Diagnostics pour faisceaux d'électrons à forte brillance et leurs applications à la dynamique de faisceau dans un laser à électrons libres supraconducteur avec système de récupération d'énergie". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10135.
Texto completoRulence-Pâques, Patricia. "Perception de surface et inférence de surface : le cas de la surface du rectangle". Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05A003.
Texto completoPauchet, Sylvain. "From surface to surface - Transformations de surface tactile pour l’interaction incarnée dans le cockpit". Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ESAE0018/document.
Texto completoThe "surface" in interactive touch systems is both the support of touch and image. While over time touch surfaces have been transformed in their thicknesses, shapes and stiffness, the interaction modality is limited, as on the first devices, to a simple contact of the finger with the screen in a gesture that pretends to manipulate what is displayed. The sense of touch, even for touch devices installed in critical systems, such as in the aeronautics or automotive industries, remains mainly used as an extension of vision, to point and control. While the theories of the phenomenology of perception, ecological perception and tangible and embodied interactions recognize the importance of the body, motor skills and interactions with the environment in perceptual phenomena, it seems simplistic to consider vision as the first and main sense of touch interaction. We believe that transforming the physical form of the touch interface is an effective way to reincarnate the space of touch interaction by making better use of users' motor skills and their ability to negotiate, manipulate and orient themselves in their environment. Based on a characterization of the potential risks of developing touch interactions in the context of an airliner cockpit (increase in cognitive load, overload of the visual channel, alteration of situational awareness, etc.), we explore, through the design, manufacture and evaluation of three functional prototypes, the contributions of a touch interface with shape change to improve pilotes-system collaboration. With the qualitative and quantitative study of the GazeForm prototype, we show that changing the shape of a touch surface according to the position of the gaze makes it possible, compared to a conventional touch screen, to reduce the workload, improve performance, reduce eye movements and improve the distribution of visual attention. By qualitative evaluation of the two Multi-plié devices, the first with a series of articulated touch screens and the second with a "pleatable" touch display surface, we show that a transformable touch surface stabilizes touch action, promotes collaboration and improves situational awareness. In addition to these contributions, we find that changing the shape of the touch interaction surface increases the feeling and level of control for the management of a critical system. Finally, to generalize the knowledge produced to other contexts of use with a strong division of visual attention (driving, control room, portable touch device in mobility) we propose a design space for reconfigurable touch interfaces
Brewster, Kevin. "Surface to surface changes of variables and applications". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5759.
Texto completoThe entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 25, 2008) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
Juglea, Silvia. "Simulation de l'humidité du sol-température de brillance à partir des données in situ dans le cadre de la validation des produits SMOS : site test Valencia Anchor Station". Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1533/.
Texto completoLaunched in November 2009, the main goal of the SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) mission is to map global fields of surface soil moisture with an accuracy better than 0. 04 m3/m3 land with a spatial resolution ranging from 35 km at nadir up to 55 km (43 km average) using L-band (1. 4 GHz) radiometry. The large pixel size of satellite missions such as SMOS, introduces a number of scientific questions that requires a minimum of field measurements representative of the area seen by the sensor. Thus, the validation of SMOS data requires the maintenance of long term measurements over large areas. This is the role of Valencia Anchor Station (VAS), established by the University of Valencia in December 2001, whose principal objective is to characterize an area dedicated to the calibration and validation of Earth Observation missions. In the context of the validation of the SMOS products over land, the main objective of this thesis consists in accurately generating the Match-ups over the VAS area (equivalent to a SMOS pixel) to be compared with the SMOS real data. The Match-ups are defined as simulated passive microwave brightness temperatures using the surface variables as well as the characteristics of the VAS area. A coupled SVAT (Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere-Transfer) - radiative transfer model was developed for modelling the soil moisture and the resulting microwave emissions. The hydrological processes are simulated with a SVAT model named ISBA (Interactions between Soil Biosphere Atmosphere), while the microwave emission is simulated using the L-MEB (L-band Microwave Emission of the Biosphere) model upon which the SMOS Level 2 processor is based
Juglea, Silvia. "Simulation de l'humidité du sol-température de brillance à partir des données in situ dans le cadre de la validation des produits SMOS : site test Valencia Anchor Station". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00697305.
Texto completoFranklin, Patricia Bruce. "Surface Stories". VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/2208.
Texto completo