Tesis sobre el tema "Brassica juncea"
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Wang, Tongtong. "Resistance to Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) in Brassica juncea and introgression of resistance from Brassica rapa, Brassica napus and Brassica nigra into Brassica juncea". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/89272/.
Texto completoDeepa, Alex. "Molecular characterization of Brassica juncea 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase". Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21687547.
Texto completo馮景良 y King-leung Fung. "Purification of Brassica juncea chitinase BJCHI1 from transgenic tobacco". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31224374.
Texto completoSproule, Anne Carleton University Dissertation Biology. "Plant regeneration from stem cortex protoplasts of Brassica juncea". Ottawa, 1987.
Buscar texto completoFung, King-leung. "Purification of Brassica juncea chitinase BJCHI1 from transgenic tobacco". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22956347.
Texto completoTousignant, Denise. "Selection response to global change of Brassica juncea (L.) czern". Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69693.
Texto completoBassegio, Doglas [UNESP]. "Potencial produtivo de acessos de espécies brássicas sob condições tropicais". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150299.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O gênero Brassica é a terceira maior fonte de óleo vegetal do mundo, com oleaginosas cultivadas no Hemisfério Norte. No Brasil, apesar do aumento nos últimos anos, a espécie Brassica napus L., não é um cultivo tradicional, devido as limitações de fotoperíodo e altas temperaturas. Outras espécies do gênero, como é o caso da Brassica juncea L. e Brassica rapa L., amplamente cultivadas em zonas de baixa precipitação e fertilidade, podem ser opções de cultivo em áreas marginais de sequeiro em condições tropicais, visto que possuem alto teor de óleo com características propicias para o biodiesel, além de menor sensibilidade ao ambiente. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram caracterizar germoplasma de Brassica juncea L. e Brassica rapa L., avaliar o potencial produtivo e a divergência genética de acessos em Botucatu – SP, Brasil. Os experimentos tiveram início em outono-inverno de 2012, com a avaliação de 424 acessos de Brassica juncea L. e 209 de Brassica rapa L. quanto ao florescimento e produção de sementes. Em outono-inverno de 2015 e 2016 acessos de brássicas e um híbrido comercial da espécie Brassica napus L. foram avaliados, em experimentos em blocos ao acaso com três repetições, em relação aos componentes da produção, à produção grãos e óleo e a divergência genética. Do total de acessos introduzidos e avaliados, apenas 51 (12%) de Brassica juncea L. e 59 (28%) de Brassica rapa L. produziram sementes, devido ao efeito de fotoperiodo. Os componentes da produção variaram entre acessos e espécies, com destaque para precocidade e teor de óleo de acessos da espécie Brassica rapa L.; e o número de síliquas e a produtividade de grãos e óleo de acessos da espécie Brassica juncea L.. A produtividade de grãos e óleo foi em média 15% superior nos acessos de Brassica juncea L. em relação a espécie Brassica rapa L., com destaque para o acesso PI 180266 com 2056 kg ha–1 de grãos e 805 kg ha–1 de óleo. A variabilidade genética entre os acessos de brássicas possibilitou a formação de grupos de acessos para futuros ganhos em melhoramento genético. Conclui-se que os acessos selecionados confirmam a hipótese do potencial produtivo sem efeito de fotoperíodo em condições tropicais, o que demonstra que podem ser opções para cultivo em áreas onde a Brassica napus L. não está bem adaptada.
Brassica is the third largest source of vegetable oil in the world, with oilseeds grown in the Northern Hemisphere. In Brazil, despite the increase in recent years, Brassica napus L., is not a traditional crop due to limitations of photoperiod and high temperatures. Other species of the genus, such as Brassica juncea L. and Brassica rapa L., widely cultivated in low rainfall zones and fertility, may be cultivation options in marginal rainfed areas under tropical conditions, since they have high oil content with characteristics conducive to biodiesel, in addition to lower sensitivity to environment. The objectives of this work were to characterize the germplasm of Brassica juncea L. and Brassica rapa L. and to evaluate the productive potential, as well as the genetic divergence of accesses in Botucatu – SP, Brazil. The experiments started in autumn-winter of 2012, with the evaluation of 424 accessions of Brassica juncea L. and 209 of Brassica rapa L. regarding flowering and seed production. In the autumn-winter of 2015 and 2016, Brassica napus L. and commercial Brassica napus L. were evaluated in randomized blocks with three replicates, in relation to the production components, grain and oil production, and divergence genetic. Of the total number of accesses introduced and evaluated, only 51 (12%) of Brassica juncea L. and 59 (28%) of Brassica rapa L. produced seeds, due to the effect of photoperiod. The components of the production varied between accesses and species, with emphasis on precocity and oil content of Brassica rapa L.; and the growth and number of siliques of the specie Brassica juncea L. The yield of grains and oil was on average 15% higher in the accessions of Brassica juncea L. in relation to the species Brassica rapa L., with emphasis on access PI 180266 with 2056 kg ha–1 of grains and 805 kg ha–1 of oil yield. The genetic variability among the accessions of brassicas allowed the formation of groups of accessions for future gains in genetic improvement. It is concluded that the selected accessions confirm the hypothesis of the productive potential without photoperiod effect in tropical conditions, which demonstrates that they can be options for cultivation in areas where Brassica napus L. is not well adapted.
Araujo, Sabrina Helena da Cruz. "Tolerância de Brassica juncea ao arsênio e seu potencial para a fitoestabilização de solos contaminados". Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2011. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4327.
Texto completoConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Arsenic is the more dangerous element to human health. Phytoremediation is an important technology to reduce the antropogenic effect in the environmental contamination, but it is necessary a detailed knowledge of tolerance mechanism, which is the goal of this work. We choose Brassica juncea, tolerant plant to several heavy metals, such as cadmium, and a plant of rapid growth. The arsenate was added to nutritive solution at final concentrations of 10, 50, 200 and 500 μM, and data was collected after 6, 10, 13, 14, 15 and 16 days of exposition. Higher the arsenic in the treatment, higher the level found in leaves, stalk and in roots reach the highest level (5457 mg Kg-1). This amount was 26 and 34 times higher than that found in stalk and leaves, respectively. No alteration in phosphorus level was found at any treatment . This absence of phosphate uptake inhibition seems to have a contribution to the tolerance found in this genotype. In contrast, arsenic concentrations equal or higher than 50 μM were associated with increase in sulphur content in roots in parallel with an increase in total phenol content in these organs, while it reduced sulfur levels in leaves. The two highest doses of arsenate led to the appearance of toxicity symptoms in leaves, characterized by marginal chlorosis and purple coloring in the abaxial faces of old leaves. Despite the highest levels of arsenic in roots, no change in root length and dry weight was detected. In shoot however, we observed reduction in leaf area, leng th and fresh weight in plants treated with 200 and 500 mM arsenate. Additionally, only the highest dose has produced a reduction in net photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance (gS) by the 13th day. On the 14th day it was possible to observe the reduction of these parameters in plants treated with 200 mM arsenate. Longer periods in the presence of hight doses allowed us to observe that, besides the reduction in stomatal opening, arsenic could also produce biochemical limitation to photosynthesis, which was associated to reduction in electron transport rate (ETR) and in the quantic efficiency of photosystem II [Y(II)], concomitantly with increase in the level of energy loss as heat [Y(NPQ)]. The second higher dose (200 μM) has not altered the A and other fluorescence parameters, by the 13th day and only negligible effects in leaf area and dry mass in parallel to no effect in roots was observed. Altogether these data support that the genotype of Brassica juncea under study is tolerant to arsenic. Despite of accumulation of high levels of arsenic in roots, no oxidative damage was observed, and no effects in root growth was noted. The fact that high levels of arsenic has occurred in roots, with minor effects in growth indicate the great potential of this plant to be used in phytoremediation as a phytostabilizer.
O arsênio é considerado o elemento mais perigoso para a saúde humana. Fitorremediação é uma importante tecnologia para amenizar o efeito antropogênico na contaminação ambiental, mas para o seu sucesso é necessário a compreensão detalhada dos mecanismos de tolerância de metais pesados, objetivo deste trabalho. A espécie escolhida foi a Brassica juncea, tolerante a vários metais, como cádmio e zinco, e que possui um crescimento rápido. O arsênio foi fornecido a solução nutritiva na forma de arsenato de sódio nas concentrações de 10, 50, 200 e 500 μM, sendo coletados dados aos 6, 10, 13, 14, 15 e 16 dias após a exposição. Quanto maiores os níveis de arsênio presentes no tratamento, maiores os níveis encontrados na planta, havendo um acúmulo de até 5457 mg Kg-1 de As nas raízes expostas a 500 μM de arsenato. Esta quantidade foi 26 e 34 vezes superior aquela observada em caules e folhas, respectivamente. Em nenhum dos tratamentos foram observadas alterações na concentração de fósforo. Esta ausência de inibição de acúmulo de fósforo pode significar a presença de um mecanismo de tolerância à toxidez do arsênio neste genótipo. Em contraste, doses de arsênio iguais ou superiores a 50 μM aumentaram os níveis enxofre nas raízes, em paralelo com um aumento no teor de fenóis, ao passo que reduziu os níveis de enxofre na folha. As duas maiores doses de arsenato levaram ao aparecimento de sintomas de toxidez nas folhas, caracterizados por clorose marginal e coloração arroxeada nas faces abaxiais de folhas velhas. Apesar dos altos níveis de arsênio em raízes, não houve redução no comprimento e na massa seca deste órgão. Na parte aérea por outro lado, foi observada a redução na área foliar, comprimento e massa fresca em plantas tratadas com 200 e 500 μM de arsenato. Adicionalmente observou-se que somente a maior dose reduziu a fotossíntese líquida (A) e condutância estomática (gS) até o 13º dia. A partir do 14º dia já foi possível observar a queda destes parâmetros em plantas tratadas com 200 μM de arsenato. Maiores períodos na presença altas doses de arsenato permitiram observar que alem da redução da abertura estomática, há uma limitação bioquímica contribuindo para a redução da fotossíntese. A diminuição em A esteve associada a limitações na etapa fotoquímica onde ocorreu uma redução na taxa linear de transporte de elétrons (ETR) e na eficiência quântica do fotossistema II [Y(II)], concomitante com o aumento da perda da energia luminosa na forma de calor [Y(NPQ)]. A segunda maior dose (200 μM) não provocou redução em A e nos parâmetros fotoquímicos até o 13º dia, com reduções negligíveis na área e massa foliar, com nenhum efeito no crescimento das raízes. Em conjunto, estes resultados permitem evidenciar que o genótipo de Brassica juncea em estudo possui tolerância aos níveis de arsênio. Apesar de acumular níveis altíssimos de arsênio nas raízes, estas plantas não apresentaram dano oxidativo, nem redução na acumulação de massa seca nas raízes. O fato de que altos níveis de As seja acumulado nas raízes, com efeitos reduzidos no seu crescimento, indica o grande potencial desta espécie para o seu uso na fitorremediação como uma espécie fitoestabilizadora.
Nagegowda, Dinesh A. "Characterization of Brassica juncea HMG-COA synthase 1, an enzyme of mevalonate biosynthesis". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B2996202X.
Texto completoCampbell, Craig Thomas. "Production of synthetic genotypes of Brassica juncea via somatic and sexual hybridization". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1993. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq23920.pdf.
Texto completoAxelsson, Tomas. "Evolution of polyploid Brassica genomes : genome structure and the evolution of duplicated genes /". Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5768-8.pdf.
Texto completoGunasekera, Chandra Padmini. "Adaptation of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) to short season dryland Mediterranean-type environments". Thesis, Curtin University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1998.
Texto completoGunasekera, Chandra Padmini. "Adaptation of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) to short season dryland Mediterranean-type environments". Curtin University of Technology, Muresk Institute of Agriculture, 2003. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=14498.
Texto completoSeed yield, oil and protein concentrations were measured at all three sites and detailed measurements of phenology, morphology, dry matter production and partitioning, radiation absorption, seed yield and its components, and seed oil and protein concentrations were taken only at Merredin. The effects of post-flowering soil moisture stress on mustard and canola was studied in detail using rainout shelters at Merredin in the 2001 growing season. Measurements of water use, leaf water potential, osmotic potential, osmotic adjustment, relative water content, and leaf diffusive conductance were taken together with morphology, dry matter production and partitioning, radiation absorption, seed yield and its components, and seed oil and protein concentration. Mustard produced seed yields similar to canola at a medium rainfall site at Northam in south Western Australia. Early sowing (May) was more suitable for mid and late maturing genotypes and mid sowing (early June) was optimum for early maturing genotypes at this site. Dry matter production and seed yield was highest in early sowing due to balanced pre-anthesis and post-anthesis development of the crop and its ability to avoid terminal drought. Very late sowing (after July) significantly reduced the dry matter production, seed yield and oil concentration of mustard and canola due to poor establishment, reduced post-anthesis duration, soil moisture and high temperature stresses which occurred at the end of the season. Mustard did not produce significantly higher dry matter and seed yield compared to canola at the medium rainfall site, Northam. Seed yield and oil concentration of mustard and canola in low rainfall environments (Merredin, Mullcwa and Newdegate) were higher when sown early in the season (May). Longer growing duration and post-anthesis duration were favourable for higher yields.
Higher rainfall during the post-anthesis phase, warmer pre-anthesis phase and cooler post-anthesis phase were associated with higher seed yield in these environments. As shown by the Principal Component Analysis and the Finlay Wilkinson Analysis, adaptation of mustard genotypes to low rainfall environments was better compared to canola genotypes. Mustard genotypes, 887.1.6.1, 82 No 2298 demonstrated their general adaptability by producing the highest mean seed yield across all environments and showing average phenotypic stability across all environments. The low yielding canola genotype, Oscar was best adapted to high yielding environments and showed below average phenotypic stability. Low yielding mustard genotypes, JM 25 and JM 33 were best adapted to low yielding environments and showed above average phenotypic stability. Early flowering and developmental plasticity had a significant contribution to yield potential and its stability. All mustard genotypes were more tolerant to soil moisture and high temperature stresses and exhibited early vigour compared to canola varieties. Mustards produced significantly higher dry matter compared to canola under soil moisture and high temperature stresses. Yield reduction due to late sowing VI was greater in canola compared to mustards. Greater dry matter production of mustards under severe soil moisture stress was related to their higher water use and radiation use, which in turn was related to their superior osmotic adjustment.
Osmotic adjustment improved dry matter production in mustards as it allowed stomata to remain partially open at progressively lower leaf water potentials and maintained higher stomatal conductance, maintained leaf area and reduced the rate of leaf senescence by increasing both avoidance and tolerance of dehydration and thereby increased radiation use, increased water use by stomatal adjustment, and increased soil moisture uptake by producing deeper roots. Mustard exhibited many agronomic advantages over canola, such as vigorous seedling growth, quick ground covering ability, early vigour, and the feasibility of direct harvesting due to non-shattering pods. Despite all these advantages currently available mustard genotypes do not have the ability to out yield canola due to their lower efficiency of conversion of dry matter to seeds, as indicated by lower harvest indices, and inferior yield component structure. Further breeding in mustard is required to modify its morphology and yield component structure. Mustard plants with more pods and pods with more seeds would produce higher yields. Shorter, compact plant stature and reduced branching would improve harvest index in mustard. Furthermore, development of mustard genotypes with high oil quality and concentration similar to canola would improve its market value as an oil seed crop.
Adediran, Gbotemi Abraham. "Role of plant growth promoting bacteria and a leguminous plant in metal sequestration from metal contaminated environments by Brassica juncea". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10523.
Texto completoGreffier, Laurent. "Obtention et caractérisation d'autotétraploïdes chez trois espèces de brassica apparentées : B. Nigra (L) Koch, B. Rapa (L.) Et B. Juncea (L.) Czern". Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOS038.
Texto completoAdele, Nyekachi Chituru. "Effects of metal speciation on metal plant dynamics in the presence of plant growth promoting bacteria". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25414.
Texto completoHovey, Kathryn Marie Carleton University Dissertation Biology. "The detection of glucosinolates during development of Brassica juncea (var. RLM 514) anther-derived and zygotic embryos". Ottawa, 1990.
Buscar texto completoLe, Beller Dominique. "Implications de la présence d'enzymes endogènes sur le traitement des graines de Brassica juncea et Sinapis alba". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376071339.
Texto completoEarlywine, Daniel T. Smeda R. J. "Efficacy of oriental mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern.) seed meal for weed and disease control in turf". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6485.
Texto completoSchelfhout, Christopher James. "DNA marker assisted breeding in interspecific crosses to improve canola (Brassica napus L.)". University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0167.
Texto completoDieterich, Jens-Holger. "Mitochondriale Genom- und Expressionsanalysen zur Charakterisierung der CMS-Systeme Tournefortii, Juncea und Tokumasu des Raps (Brassica napus L.)". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=96804221X.
Texto completoWang, Xiao-Qing. "Incidence des activités peroxydasique et oxydasique de la peroxydase de Brassica juncea sur la conservation de la moutarde de Dijon". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL042N.
Texto completoRufino, Gervasio Mariano. "Bioacumulação e translocação de manganês em Sinapis alba e Brassica juncea sob doses crescentes deste metal no solo: uma alternativa de fitorremediação". Universidade de Taubaté, 2006. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=135.
Texto completoThe aim of this work was to evaluate the manganese uptake and translocation capacity of two species of mustard, Sinapis alba and Brassica juncea, in order to know their potential for use in the phytoremediation process. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions, at the Agricultural Sciences Department of Taubaté University (UNITAU), using samples of Red Yellow Latosol, argillaceous franc textural class soil. The tested soil manganese doses were 0, 50, 100, 200, 350, 450, 600 and 800 mg kg-1, using manganese sulfate in water solution. The sample soil was taken from 60 cm depth, it was bolted, made homogeneous, chemically analyzed, and nutrients adjustments were made. The harvest took place 50 days after sowing; the biomass was washed, dried until constant weight was reached, ground in type Wiley mill the manganese concentration was determined. The biomass production showed negative correlation with soil manganese concentration, having its growth rate strongly affected from 300 mg kg-1 soil manganese dosage on. Also from this soil manganese level on, toxicity symptoms were visible, such as brown speckles that started on the tips of the older leaves and spread down the leaf until the entire blade was covered; chlorosis and necrosis that effectively reduced the photosynthetic capacity of the plants. The tissue dried biomass showed statistical difference among dosages and in dosage-specie interaction, with Brassica juncea showing greater difference than Sinapis alba in 200 and 300 mg kg-1 soil Mn doses. The tissue manganese bioaccumulation showed positive correlation with soil manganese level and significant difference among treatments. Both species had the same tissue bioaccumulation level. The manganese root concentration also had positive correlation with soil manganese, and statistical difference for treatments was present in both species. Although Sinapis alba translocation index was better, Brassica juncea had greater manganese content level, with best results in 200 and 300 mg kg-1 manganese soil dose. Both species showed good potential for use in soil phytoremediation processes, due to high manganese bioaccumulation and translocation level.
Nepal, Achala. "Genetic Structure of Leptosphaeria Maculans Populations in North Dakota and Identification of Genes Associated with Resistance to L. Maculans in Brassica Juncea". Diss., North Dakota State University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26916.
Texto completoLionneton, Eric. "Elaboration d'une carte génétique de la moutarde brune (Brassica juncea L. ) et marquage moléculaire de caractères liés à la qualité de la graine". Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOS023.
Texto completoPittarello, Marco. "Evaluation of phytoremediation potential and phisiological response to accumulation of several metals and metalloids by Salix spp., Brassica juncea, Phragmites australis and Populus trichocarpa". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425329.
Texto completoIntroduzione generale L’attività di ricerca svolta nel triennio 2007-2009 si colloca nell’ambito della fitodepurazione. Con questo termine si identifica una serie di tecniche (fitoestrazione, fitostabilizzazione, fitovolatilizzazione) basate sull’impiego di specie vegetali diverse (l’elenco delle quali è in continua evoluzione) ma accomunate dalla capacità di sopravvivere su substrati contaminati da diversi inquinanti prodotti dall’attività umana e di interagire con il substrato in modo tale, a seconda dei casi, da depauperarne il contenuto di inquinanti accumulandoli nei propri organi e/o liberandoli nell’atmosfera attraverso l’evapotraspirazione fogliare, oppure impedendone la lisciviazione. L’attitudine ad un’azione di fitorimedio varia fortemente da specie a specie e all’interno della stessa specie in base al corredo genetico . Relativamente alla capacità di rimozione di metalli pesanti, sono state individuate due classi di specie accumulatrici: Iperaccumulatrici : sono specie tipiche di suoli metalliferi, in grado di portare a termine il proprio ciclo vitale senza manifestare sintomi di deperimento dovuti all’alta concentrazione di metalli (Baker et al., 2000). Per essere definita iperaccumulatrice, una specie deve rientrare nei seguenti limiti inferiori di bioaccumulo: 100 mg/Kg s.s. di Cd, 1000 mg/Kg s.s di Pb, 10000 mg/Kg s.s. di Zn ; i ranges per quanto riguarda l’arsenico non sono ancora stati ben definiti (Baker and Brooks 1989, Baker et al., 2000). Tra le specie iperaccumulatrici le più rappresentative sono quelle appartenenti al genere Thlaspi, Arabidopsis halleri e Viola calamarina, Astragalus spp oltre a diverse specie appartenenti alle famiglie delle Cariophyllaceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Brassicaceae e Cyperaceae. Per quanto riguarda l’iperaccumulo di arsenico spicca Pteris vittata. Il limite delle specie iperaccumulatrici è la scarsa produzione di biomassa. Accumulatrici: a questo gruppo appartengono specie, ad habitus sia erbaceo che arboreo, in grado di ottenere buone concentrazioni di metalli e metalloidi nei propri organi, pur non arrivando a livello delle iperaccumulatrici, e una buona produzione di biomassa. Fra esse sono state individuate Brassica juncea, e il genere Salix. Le caratteristiche di queste accumulatrici le rendono idonee a programmi di disinquinamento a breve e medio termine, soprattutto per suoli poco o mediamente inquinati. La possibilità di avere una considerevole produzione di biomassa permette di pensare, come seconda fase, al reimpiego di questa per la produzione di energia ed il recupero dei metalli pesanti di interesse industriale ((Kabata-Pendias and Pendias, 1992 ; Pullford and Dickinson 2004 ; Paulson et al 2003; French et al 2005; Ebbs et al 1997 ; Ebbs et al 1998). Il lavoro triennale, suddiviso in diverse fasi, come descritto in seguito, si propone di approfondire la conoscenza su alcune delle specie suddette , sia dal punto di vista della risposta fisiologica sia , con un taglio maggiormente applicativo, dal punto di vista della valutazione di performaces di bioaccumulo al fine di sostituire, ove possibile, tecniche di bonifica invasive e costose con la fitodepurazione che, nelle sue diverse applicazioni, si dimostra piu’ rispettosa del territorio, anche dal punto di vista estetico e considerevolmente piu’ vantaggiosa economicamente. Prove di valutazione della capacita’ di accumulare metalli pesanti da parte di quattro specie di Salice (Salix spp) , di Phragmites australis e Brassica juncea. Date queste premesse, in collaborazione col dipartimento I.M.A.G.E. della Facoltà di ingegneria dell'Università di Padova, nell’ambito del PRIN 2005 ““Risanamento di sedimenti marini, lagunari e fluviali” sono state messe a punto delle prove sperimentali finalizzate a comprendere le potenzialità di Salix spp, di Brassica juncea e Phragmites australis nel mettere in atto un'azione di fitorimedio su sedimenti provenienti dal dragaggio della laguna di Venezia nella zona di porto Marghera. Il campionamento dei fanghi è stato effettuato in quattro siti (canale industriale nord, due punti del canale industriale ovest, bacino dell'Evoluzione), quindi i campioni sono stati catalogati e caratterizzati. In vista dell’allestimento di possibili impianti finalizzati al fitorisanamento dei fanghi dragati dall’area di Porto Marghera, sono state allestite delle prove sperimentali con l’intento di definire le potenzialità fitoestrattive di Salix matsudana, S. babylonica, S. alba e S. fragilis, Phragmites australis e Brassica juncea e valutarne quindi l’idoneità ad essere messe a dimora su questi sedimenti, anche in base alla capacità di sopravvivenza ed alla produzione di biomassa. I campioni provenienti dai 4 siti, sono stati miscelati tra loro ed in rapporto 1:1 con della sabbia di fiume, sia per ottenere un substrato con valori omogenei relativamente alle concentrazioni di inquinanti, sia per aumentare la capacità drenante di un substrato altrimenti totalmente asfittico. Prova su mesocosmo : Dopo test preliminari che hanno evidenziato l’impossibilita’ di condurre prove, ceteris paribus, anche su Salix Babylonica, Fragilis ed Alba, su Thypha latifolia e su Zea Mais, sono state allestite 7 vasche (2 dedicate a Phragmites australis, 2 a Salix Matsudana e 2 a Brassica juncea ed una priva di vegetazione, della capienza di 50 L (riempite fino a 35 L) ciascuna, munite di un tubo per il drenaggio del percolato alla base. Sul fondo delle vasche è stato depositato uno strato di argilla espansa e l’ingresso del tubo è stato protetto dall’intasamento con un filtro Le talee di salice ed i semenzali di brassica sono state messe a dimora con un piccolo pane di terriccio universale al fine di attutire gli effetti dello stress da trapianto e di permettere all’apparato radicale di accrescersi a sufficienza prima di esplorare il sedimento contaminato, mentre i rizomi di Phragmites hanno attecchito a diretto contatto col substrato oggetto di analisi. Dopo due mesi dall’inizio della prova, ad una delle vasche ospitanti la Phragmites e’ stato addizionato il chelante EDTA. Prove in idroponica : prendendo come riferimento le concentrazioni di 5 tra metalli pesanti riscontrati nell’analisi dei campioni di percolato (Ni,Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb,) e la concentrazione media del Na (intorno a 0,2 M) sono state allestite degli allevamenti in coltura idroponica con talee, oltre che di S. matsudana, anche di S. alba, S. babylonica , S. fragilis e di Brassica juncea. Per quanto riguarda i salici, la soluzione contenente inizialmente una soluzione nutritiva di tipo hoagland, è stata arricchita dai suddetti 5 metalli, in concentrazione pari a quella riscontrata nelle acque di percolazione. Per ogni specie di salice è stato allestito un beacker di controllo con sola soluzione nutritiva, un becker con soluzione nutritiva, più i metalli ed uno con le caratteristiche precedenti più NaCl a concentrazioni crescenti (da 0,05 M fino a 0,2 M). Per le brassiche sono stati allestiti 5 becker con 40 piantine ciascuno. Un beacker di controllo con soluzione nutritiva, due con concetrazione di metalli pari a quella del percolato, due con concentrazione di metalli pari al percolato più NaCl 0,05 M (aumentato fino a 0,2 M nel corso di 3 settimane). Alla fine del periodo di trattamento sono state separate e pesate parte aerea ed apparato radicale dei semenzali e ne sono stati analizzati i contenuti in metalli e Na. Prove su microcosmi : sono state allestite 5 taniche da 20 L ciascuna, dotate di rubinetto alla base e sistemate in cella climatica, tutte dotate di uno strato drenante di ghiaino alla base, un orizzonte costituito solo da sedimento ed uno, quello più superficiale, di terriccio universale. Quattro taniche hanno ospitato ciascuna tre talee (una specie per ogni tanica) e otto piantine di Paspalum vaginatum, la quinta tre talee di S. Babylonica e otto piantine di Paspalum. L’insediamento delle talee e della graminacea è durato 50 giorni. Nella settimana successiva alla messa a dimora dei S. Babylonica nella quinta tanica è stato aggiunto l’ EDDS, un chelante che ha lo scopo di rendere più biodisponibili i metalli pesanti presenti nel substrato. Studio dell’approfondimento radicale dei salici : per verificare la capacità delle quattro specie di salice, di esplorare il sedimento contaminato sono state allestite 24 bottiglie in pet da 2 L, di cui 16 riempite con lo stesso contenuto delle taniche e 8 (due per specie) riempite con del terreno proveniente dall’Azienda Sperimentale “L. Toniolo”. In ogni bottiglia è stata messa a dimora una talea di salice (6 bottiglie per specie). Al termine dei 50 giorni di prova condotti in camera di crescita, è stata asportata la parte aerea della talea, le bottiglie sono state congelate e poi segate in tre parti corrispondenti alla sezione contenente il terriccio e a due parti conteneti il sedimento. Tutte le radici presenti sono state estratte , lavate e pesate e sottoposte a scansione digitale. Risultati : Phragmites : azione efficace del chelante EDTA per quanto riguarda l’accumulo di Cd, Ni, Pb Zn e Na nei fusti di Phragmites, mentre differenze significative nei rizomi sono state riscontrate solo per Pb e Na. Nessuna differenza in termini di biomassa prodotta. Il chelante ha reso maggiormente disponibile nella soluzione circolante Cu e Zn anche se le concentrazioni restano molto basse. Salici nelle taniche in cella climatica : gli accumuli a livello fogliare non mostrano differenze significative tra le quattro specie non trattate. Mentre l’EDDS incrementa le prestazioni del babylonica rispetto a se stesso ed alle altre specie per quanto riguarda Cu, Ni, Pb e Zn mentre riduce la concentrazione di Na. A livello di fusti la suddetta differenza si esplica nelle concentrazioni di Cu, Zn e Na; questi ultimi risultano maggiormente accumulati dal babylonica sia con che senza chelante. A livello radicale il babylonica risulta ancora uno dei migliori accumulatori del lotto per quanto riguarda Na, Zn e Cd. Nessuna differenza ne tra specie ne tra presenza/ assenza di chelante per quanto riguarda il Ni. In un confronto tra questi salici ed il matsudana cresciuto piu’ a lungo e in condizioni di T , umidita’ e fotoperiodo variabili, a livello fogliare il salice cresciuto in mesocosmo presenta valori di Na significativamente piu’ alti degli altri salici, seguito dal matsudana cresciuto in cella, a conferma dell’atitudine di questa specie a traslocare piu’ facilmente il Na nella chioma. Anche riguardo Cd e Ni il matsudana di campo denuncia tra i valori piu’ elevati assieme al babylonica trattato con EDDS. Nei fusti, per Na ,Pb e Ni ci sono differenze significative in favore del S. matsudana di campo. A livello radicale il S. matsudana cresciuto in mesocosmo presenta valori significativamente piu’ alti rispetto alle prove in cella climatica ad eccezione del Na. Le prove in idroponica confermano, a livello fogliare che l’accumulo di Na compete fortemente con l’uptake dei metalli, in particolare nei confronti di Cd, Ni, Pb e Zn ; piu’ sfumata invece l’azione competitiva verso il Cu. Da rilevare, a livello di fusti le migliori performances di S. babylonica per Cd, Cu, Zn e Ni, nonostante si rilevi nel contenpo il primato nell’accumulo di Na. Anche a livello radicale il babylonica accumula piu’ delle altre specie per quanto riguarda Cd, Ni Zn e Na. La prova sullo sviluppo radicale mostra, nella comparazione col rispettivo controllo, che l’apparato radicale di S. babylonica risulta il meno sofferente tra le quattro specie (in accordo quindi con i dati di accumulo), mentre comparando le quattro specie cresciute sul sedimento, il Salix alba risulta avere l’apparato piu’ sviluppato in profondita’ e con i diametri minori , segno questo che potrebbe essere considerato di minor sofferenza, come riscontrato anche da Vamerali et al. 2008. L’allevamento in idroponica di Brassica juncea evidenzia differenze significative tra l’accumulo di metalli in presenza di Na rispetto all’accumulo in assenza di quest’ultimo. Le performances di accumulo rispetto alle brassiche cresciute su fango sono nettamente migliori, anche in presenza di Na , a testimonianza del fatto che A) l’idroponica non offre termini di paragone affidabili rispetto alle condizioni di campo B) probabilmente intervengono altri fattori, come la carenza di nutrienti, a condizionare l’accumulo di metalli e la produzione di biomassa che risulta bassa anche per la precocita’ della fioritura, sintomo della condizione di stress. Interazione del selenato e del molibdato con il trasporto e l’assimilazione di solfato in Brassica juncea Recentemente e’ stato individuato in Arabidopsis un trasportare (MOT1) con elevata affinita’ per il Mo (Tomatsu et al., 2007), ma si ritiene che le piante assorbano Mo anche attraverso i trasportatori del S poiche’ i due anioni hanno caratteristiche simili e potrebbero competere nell’occupare il sito attivo degli stessi trasportatori (Dudev e Lim 2004; Alhendawi et al 2005). Una volta all’interno della cellula, Mo puo’ interferire col metabolismo dello S divenendo substrato per le reazioni catalizzate dall’ ATP sulfurilasi (APS), come accade per il Se ma, a differenza di quest’ultimo non si riscontra la formazione di prodotti contenenti Mo derivanti da questa reazione (Reuveny, 1977). A causa del significativo impatto che l’applicazione di fertilizzanti a base di S puo’ avere sulla distribuzione di Se e Mo e sul loro accumulo nelle piante (Shinmachi et al., 2010), si e’ cercato di capire, in questo lavoro,quale sia l’interazione tra l’uptake di S e il Se e Mo in Brassica juncea. A questo scopo semenzali di Brassica juncea sono stati allevati con differenti combinazioni di S e Se o S e Mo. Gli esperimenti sono stati condotti nel breve periodo (24h) poiche’ selenato e molibdato sono stati somministrati ad alte concentrazioni (200 µM), le stesse del solfato in condizioni di normale apporto di S. Sono state condotte analisi relative all’accumulo di S, Se e Mo e ai paramentri di crescita. L’indice di tolleranza (% del peso fresco sul controllo) e il rapporto radici/fusti denuncia un maggiore stress per le piante cresciute in carenza di zolfo e in presenza di Se e Mo. Se e Mo sono risultati maggiormente assorbiti in carenza di S. Sia per quanto riguarda lo S totale , sia riguardo al ssolfato, la competizione con Se e Mo si nota solo tra le 6 e le 24 h di trattamento, mentre nel brevissimo periodo (entro 1 h) non si apprezzano cambiamenti significativi nell’assorbimento di S. Studio dei potenziali effetti del Selenio sulla tolleranza allo stress idrico da parte di Brassica juncea e Stanleya pinnata . Talune specie accumulatrici di Se (Brassica spp, Stanleya spp, Astragalus spp.) usano questa peculiarita’ per difendersi dai predatori (Freeman et al., 2007; Galeas et al. 2007 ; ) e recentemente si e’ visto che Brassica juncea , a differenza di quello che succede per altri elementi tossici o potenzialmente tossici, accumula selenio in grandi quantita’ anche nei fiori e nei semi, avvalorando l’ipotesi, per certe specie o sottospecie o addirittura per alcune popolazioni in via di speciazione, di un adattamento evoluzionistico nell’uso del selenio contro parassiti e predatori erbivori (Quinn C. et al., dati non ancora pubblicati).Su queste due specie sono state condotte prove su substrato ghiaioso e in idroponica in presenza (20 µM) e in assenza di Selenato di sodio. Il deficit idrico e’ stato applicato prima su substrato ghiaioso attraverso la mancata irrigazione, poi in idroponica attraverso l’aggiunta di polietilenglicol (PEG 10000), un composto organico che altera il Ψ idrico della soluzione nutritiva. Nei due esperimenti condotti in idroponica il potenziale e’ stato portato fino a -1.3 / 1.6 Mpa. Dalla misurazione della capacita’ fotosintetica sotto stress idrico, della biomassa e del Ψ idrico fogliare nei diversi esperimenti, si e’ arrivati alla conclusione che non vi e’ una evidente azione positiva del Se nei riguardi della tolleranza allo stress idrico se non per quanto riguarda la condizione di controllo (non stress) e di stress lieve (-0.5/0.6 Mpa). Questa azione, pur non marcata, si esplica nell’aumento di biomassa superiore in piante trattate con selenato rispetto a quelle non trattate in accordo con quanto riscontrato per semenzali di Triticum aestivum (Yao Xiaoqin et al. ; 2009). Studio delle potenzialita’ di Astragalus racemosus (iperaccumulatore di Selenio) e Astragalus convallarius (non accumulatore) nel ruolo di accumulatori di Nichel, Molibdeno, Cromo, Vanadio, Tungsteno, Arsenico, Tellurio e Selenio. Il genere Astragalus comprende diverse specie distribuite in america centro settentrionale, alcune delle quali adattate a vivere su suoli seleniferi e quindi in grado di sviluppare un’elevata tolleranza al Se, divenendo cosi’ iperaccumulatrici (Cowgill, 1990). Arsenico, Nichel Cromo, Vanadio, Tellurio, Tungsteno e Molibdeno sono tutti elementi la cui concentrazione nell’ambiente e’ aumentata a causa dell’attivita’ umana ( Bamhart 1997 ; Zarchinas et al 2004 ; Zoller et al. 1973 ; Gott and McCarthy 1966 ; ) . e l’obiettivo di questo studio e’ capire se gli adattamenti fisiologici nei confronti dell’accumulo di Se siano efficaci anche nei confronti di altri metalli pesanti e metalloidi, in particolare Cromo e Tellurio che presentano caratteristiche steriche simili al Selenio. Queste due specie di Astragalus sono state fatte germinare in piastra petri e quindi fatte crescere in camera di crescita per 3 mesi su substrato di agargel piu’ Murashige & Skooge e addizionato con sali degli elementi sopra indicati dosati in concetrazioni differenti in base al loro grado di tossicita’ (affinche’ le piante potessero crescere ed accumulare metalli senza patirne la tossicita’ fino a morirne troppo precocemente). I risultati hanno dimostrato che non sempre la specie iperaccumulatrice di Selenio ha le caratteristiche per tollerare l’accumulo anche di altri elementi (A. Convallarius si e’ dimostrato piu’ tollerante nell’accumulo di Vanadio). Studio degli effetti del Rame nella fisiologia di Populus trichocarpa ed in particolare sull’attivita’ della proteina Laccasi, coinvolta nella formazione della parete cellulare. Il Rame e’ coinvolto come cofattore, nel funzionamento di diverse dismutasi (proteine che trasformano i ROS in H2O2) oltre che essere cofattore per il funzionamento delle laccasi (Pilon et al. 2006). Allevando in agargel e moltiplicando diversi cloni di Populus trichocarpa generati a partire dallo stesso callo, con due diverse concentrazioni di Cu (0.1 µM e 5 µM) si e’ voluto verificare attraverso analisi dell’attivita’ proteica (western blot e native gel) se e quanto due concentrazioni di rame (una prossima al limite inferiore che ne decreta la carenza ed una piuttosto elevata ma ben entro i limiti di tossicita’), influenzino l’omeostasi cellulare. Una volta verificato la diversa intensita’ dell’attivita’ delle proteine in questione (MnSOD, Cu/ZnSOD, FeSOD, CCS ecc. In base alla concentrazione di rame fornita, si e’ passato ad uno studio preliminare dell’espressione della Laccasi in base alle due diverse concentrazioni di rame. Poiche’ la laccasi necessita anch’essa del Cu come cofattore (4 ioni Cu ) e poiche’ in uno stato di carenza o prossimo alla carenza di rame, la cellula inibisce l’espressione di tutte le proteine che richiedono rame e che non sono strettamente necessarie alla fotosintesi come invece lo e’ la plastocianina, si e’ voluto verificare se la laccasi subisse esattamente questo destino. Sono stati quindi disegnati dei primers (sequenze innesco per amplificare col metodo PCR il DNA retrotrascritto da RNA) che contemplassero l’amplificazione della sequenza bersaglio dei microRNA (sequenze brevi di RNA che in coppia col complesso proteico RISC tagliano e quindi inattivano l’RNA messaggero) (Yamasaky et al. 2007; Abdel Ghani et al 2008) in modo da avere, dopo la corsa elettroforetica su gel di agarosio, bande di intensita’ diversa in base all’azione di downregulation operata o meno dalla pianta. I risultati preliminari mostrano diversi livelli di espressione per diversi tipi di laccasi analizzati presenti nel fusto e nelle foglie,
Liu, Yongbo. "Conséquences écologiques et évolutives du flux de gènes entre Brassica napus transgénique et ses apparentés sauvages". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00584017.
Texto completoAoun, Michel. "Action du cadmium sur les plants de moutarde indienne [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern] néoformés à partir de couches cellulaires minces et issus de semis. Analyses physiologiques et rôle des polyamines". Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00385705.
Texto completoLa première partie du travail a consisté à mettre au point et à optimiser une méthode de régénération in vitro de plantes de moutarde indienne, à partir de couches cellulaires minces transversales (CCMTs) (influence de l'organe utilisé, de AgNO3 et de la benzylaminopurine). La régénération a été réalisée en appliquant une pression de sélection par le cadmium pour modifier la tolérance au métal.
La deuxième partie aborde l'effet des traitements par le cadmium : in vitro et en serre, sur le développement des plants. Une analyse des perturbations physiologiques et biochimiques observées a permis d'évaluer la tolérance des plants vis à vis du cadmium et indiquent que les plantes néoformées en présence de cadmium mettent en place un système d'exclusion du métal.
Dans la troisième partie, pour compléter l'étude précédente sur des plantes néoformées, l'effet du cadmium a été testé sur des plantes de B. juncea directement issues de semis. Plusieurs paramètres physiologiques et biochimiques, caractéristiques des stress, ont été étudiés (activité gaïacol peroxydase, peroxydation des lipides, pigments, acides aminés libres, proline glucides, polyamines libres et conjuguées). En raison de leurs propriétés anti-oxydantes, une attention particulière a été portée aux polyamines dont l'application exogène permet d'envisager son utilisation pour améliorer la capacité d'accumulation du cadmium par les plantes.
Мeрeшкo, Каріна Михайлівна. "Вплив oбрoбки кoлхіцинoм на мoрфoмeтричні пoказники рocлин рoду гірчиця". Магістерська робота, ЗНУ, 2020. https://dspace.znu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/12345/1395.
Texto completoUA : Дана рoбoта викладeна на 77 cтoрінках друкoванoгo тeкcту, міcтить 18 таблиць та 3 риcунки. Пeрeлік пocилань міcтить 63 джeрeл. Мeтoю данoї рoбoти булo дocлідити вплив рoзчину кoлхіцину в різних кoнцeнтраціях на рoзвитoк рocлин рoду Гірчиця. Oб’єктoм дocліджeння були рocлини гірчиці. Мeтoди дocліджeння – хімічний мутагeнeз, лабoратoрні мeтoди вирoщування рocлин гірчиці, вимірювання мoрфoлoгічних пoказників, cтатиcтичні мeтoди oбрoбки даних. В рeзультаті прoвeдeння дocліджeння булo вcтанoвлeнo, щo oбрoбка кoлхіцинoм в цілoму виявила cтимулюючий вплив, який призвів дo збільшeння уcіх пoказників (виcoти рocлин, кількocті бутoнів, квітoк та cфoрмoваних cтручків) у пoрівнянні з кoнтрoльними рocлинами. Значущіcть цієї рoбoти пoлягає в тoму, щo на cьoгoдні в Україні за відoмими нам літeратурними джeрeлами нe булo прoвeдeнo дoкладних рoбіт щoдo впливу рoзчину кoлхіцину в різних кoнцeнтраціях на рoзвитoк рocлин рoду Гірчиця. Гірчиця є актуальнoю cільcькoгocпoдарcькoю рocлинoю, яка в наш чаc привeртає дo ceбe багатo уваги. Рocлини цьoгo рoду ширoкo викoриcтoвують в харчoвій, фармацeвтичній прoмиcлoвocті та в якocті тeхнічних культур. Cамe тoму гірчиця є культурoю рoбoта з якoю нікoли нe втратить cвoєї актуальнocті. Тeoрeтичнe значeння рoбoти пoлягає у рoзширeнні знань щoдo впливу кoлхіцину на рocлини, а практичнe у тoму щo булo виявлeнo кращі кoнцeнтрації рoзчину кoлхіцину для пoдальшoї рoбoти з культурoю.
EN : Thіs paper іs presented at 77 pages of prіnted text, contaіnіng 18 tables and 3 fіgures. The lіst of references іncludes 63 sources. The purpose of thіs work was to іnvestіgate the іnfluence of the solutіon of colchіcіne іn varіous concentratіons on the development of plants of the mustard specіes. The object of the study were plants of mustard. Methods of research were chemіcal mutagenesіs, laboratory methods of growіng plants, measurement of morphologіcal traіts, statіstіcal methods of data processіng. As a result of the study, іt was found that treatment wіth colchіcіne as a whole showed stіmulatіng effects, whіch led to an іncrease іn all traіts (plant heіght, number of buds, flowers and formed pods) compared wіth control plants. The sіgnіfіcance of thіs work іs that today іn Ukraіne, accordіng to known lіterary sources, no detaіled work has been done on the іnfluence of the solutіon of colchіcіne іn varіous concentratіons on the development of plants of the Mustard's genus. Mustard іs an actual agrіcultural plant, whіch іn our tіme attracts a lot of attentіon. Plants of thіs specіes are wіdely used as food, pharmaceutіcal and іndustrіal crops. That іs why the mustard іs a culture whose іnvestіgatіon wіll never lose іts relevance. The theoretіcal value of the work іs to іncrease knowledge about the іnfluence of colchіcіne on plants, and practіcal іn that the best concentratіons of a solutіon of colchіcіne were found for further work wіth culture.
Dehghani, Zahra. "The Effects of Canola (Brassica napus) and Juncea (Brassica juncea) Meals in Diets on Broilers and Turkeys". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/21859.
Texto completoSavary, Rachel K. "Evaluating Canola (Brassica napus) Meal and Juncea (Brassica juncea) Meal With or Without Supplemental Enzymes for Two Commercial Strains of Laying Hens". 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/21712.
Texto completo"Evaluation of canola meal derived from Brassica juncea and Brassica napus as an energy source for cattle". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2013-12-1354.
Texto completoKalavacharla, Venugopal. "Genetics of resistance of Brassica rapa (L.) and Brassica juncea (Czern & Coss) to Albugo candida (Pers.) Kuntze". 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/19231.
Texto completoWatts, Roger. "Development of linkage map of Brassica juncea using molecular markers and detection of quantitative trait loci for oil content, seed protein and fatty acids". 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/15726.
Texto completoAcharya, Adhikari Pratima. "Standardized and true total tract phosphorus digestibility in canola meals (Brassica napus black and Brassica juncea yellow) fed to growing pigs". 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/22105.
Texto completoKang-Choi, Minkyung. "Introgression of resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans from Brassica juncea into B. napus and analysis of blackleg resistance in synthetic hexaploid Brassica species". 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31648.
Texto completoOctober 2016
Yuan, Lin. "Pretreatment and enzyme hydrolysis of canola meal (Brassica napus L.) and oriental mustard bran (Brassica juncea): production of functional oligosaccharides and impact on phenolic content". 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23536.
Texto completoChang, Yen-Ling y 張宴綾. "The glucosinolate extract from Brassica Juncea ameliorates HFD-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and reduces the body fat formation". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/f976uc.
Texto completo中山醫學大學
生化微生物免疫研究所
106
Nowadays, due to changes in people’s lifestyle and dietary habits, the proportion of metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes and fatty liver have increased with each passing day. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is mainly characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver. It has been suggested that NAFLD spans a spectrum of disease from hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, how to effectively ameliorates NAFLD and reduces the body fat formation becoming a global issue that we should not be underestimated. According to previous studies, Brassica juncea is rich in glucosinolates, which have been proven to possess many potential pharmacological properties, including hypoglycemic, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activities. However, the potential effects of glucosinolate and the mechanism of its action in against HFD-induced NAFLD and obesity remain unclear. Therefore, this study aim to investigate whether Brassica juncea and its glucosinolate extracts (BGE) have anti-obesity and hepatoprotective effects against HFD-induced NAFLD and further explore the mechanism underlying this process in vivo and in vitro. Brassica juncea treatment significantly reduced body fat, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, liver injury, inflammation and by reversing the decreased expression of antioxidant enzyme activity to attenuate oxidative stress in HFD-fed rat liver. Moreover, Brassica juncea and BGE enhanced the activation of AMPK to reduce numerous lipogenic-related proteins, such as SREBPs, FAS and HMGCoR, but increase the expression of lipolysis-related proteins including CPT-1 and PPARα to attenuate hepatic steatosis. Additionally, Brassica juncea and BGE also could ameliorate NAFLD by inhibiting TNF-α and NF-κB to anti-inflammatory. Furthermore, BGE also efficiently suppressed the expression of SREBP-1c and PPAR-γ proteins to reduce the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Based on the above results, this study demonstrates Brassica juncea and BGE reverse HFD-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis and liver injury could therefore represent an unprecedented hope toward improved strategies for NAFLD and obesity. We expected BGE can be applied to the development of hepatoprotective or anti-obesity nutrient food and keep close tabs on people''s health in the future.
Keri, Mario. "Resistance of Brassica juncea Czern & Coss to blackleg disease caused by Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. & de Not". 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/17359.
Texto completoZHANG, YOU-MING y 張有明. "Electrophoretic pattern of isozymes and genetic analysis in mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czerniak.) and Cole crops (B. oleracea L.)". Thesis, 1989. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34137126147052823826.
Texto completoHamlin, Russell Lawrence. "An investigation of the relationships between mineral nutrition and the phytoextraction of zinc by Indian mustard (Brassica juncea Czern.)". 2002. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3056234.
Texto completoDieterich, Jens-Holger [Verfasser]. "Mitochondriale Genom- und Expressionsanalysen zur Charakterisierung der CMS-Systeme Tournefortii, Juncea und Tokumasu des Raps (Brassica napus L.) / von Jens-Holger Dieterich". 2002. http://d-nb.info/96804221X/34.
Texto completoChen, Shih-Wen y 陳詩文. "The Growth and Heavy Metal Accumulation of Three Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) Grown in Soils Contaminated by Copper, Zinc, Cadium and Lead". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30396822854513673974.
Texto completo國立臺灣大學
農業化學研究所
93
Conventional cleanup technology is generally too costly, and often harmful to desirable soil properties (i.e., texture, organic matter) for the restoration of contaminated sites. More recently, increasing attention has been given to the development of a plant-based technology (phytoremediation) to remediate heavy metal contaminated soils without extensive excavation, disposal costs, and loss of topsoil associated with traditional remediation practices.The success of a phytoremediation process is dependent on adequate plant yield and high metal concentrations in plant shoots. The largest numbers of hyperaccumulating species in the world belong to Brassicaceae. The optimum plant for phytoextraction would be able to both tolerate and accumulate high levels of heavy metals and also grow with a high biomass yield. But there are many different species of Indian mustard in the world, and the growth and uptake of those Indian mustard are not clear. Therefore, the object of this study is to compare the growth and heavy metal accumulation of three Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) grown in soils contaminated by Copper, Zinc, Cadmium and Lead. The study site was located at the green house of National Taiwan University. The investigation was conducted from July 2004 to April 2005. Four salt solution were added to the air-dried soil to control the total concentration of four metals at 200, 400 mg Cu kg-1, 100, 200 mg Zn kg-1, 25, 50 mg Cd -1kg, 500, 1000 mg Pb kg-1. Three kinds of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) grown in soils contaminated by zinc, cadmium, lead or coppe. The soil moisture content was maintained at 60% of the water holding capacity, by weighing and adding deionized water. Soil solution were collected directly by RSMS after seeding 0 , 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 day. Test plants were harvested after seeding 35 days, then harvested plant were digested by the H2SO4/H2O2 digestion method. The concentration of Cu, Zn , Cd, and Pb in soil solution and plant digested solution were determinated by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)(Perkin-Elmer 2000 DV). The total and available concentration of Cu, Zn , Cd, and Pb in soil were digested by aqua regia and EDTA, DTPA extractable methods , then determinated by atomic absorption spectrometry (Hitachi 180-30 type). The results indicated that the soil limiting concentrations of Cu and Zn of the three different species of Indian mustard were lower than 200 and 100 mg kg-1. The soil limiting concentration of Pb of the three different species of Indian mustard was 1000 mg kg-1, and the maximum Pb accumulation of the three Indian mustards was 200 mg kg-1, which was much lower than the accumulation of the Pb hyperaccumulator . The soil limiting concentration of Cd of the three different species of Indian mustard was 25 mg kg-1, and the maximum Cd accumulation of the three Indian mustards was 200 mg kg-1. It reaches the standard level of the Cd hyperaccumulator .The biomass of India and Pakistan Indian mustard were significantly higher than Afghanistan specie (p<0.05). There were no significant different of Cd accumulation between the three Indian mustard species. The Pb accumulation of the three Indian mustard species, the species of Afghanistan of Indian mustard was significantly higher than the species of Indian and Pakistan (p<0.05). The total Cd removal , the species of India and Pakistan were significantly higher than that of Afghanistan species (p<0.05). There were no significant different between the Pb removal of the three Indian mustard species. Harvestd at 7th day after applying EDTA, the Cd concentration of Indian mustard were increased form 200 to 330 mg kg-1, and the total removal of Cd were increased form 97 to 157 μg pot-1. Harvestd at 7th day after applying EDTA, the Pb concentration of Indian mustard were increased form 80 to 700 mg kg-1, and the total removal of Cd were increased form 38 to 250 μg pot-1. In conclusion, the ability of phytoremediation of the three species of Indian mustard are not different, and adding EDTA solution can significantly increase the uptake of heavy metal in contaminated soil.
Keropian, Zohrab/ ZK. "La raison d'être of in situ electro-mobilization, phyto-extraction and phyto- stabilization of lithium tailing in heterogeneous rhizosphere by Brassica juncea and the monocotyledonous plants". Thesis, 2012. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/976995/1/Keropian_MASc_S2013.pdf.
Texto completoMaseko, Innocent. "Effect of agronomic management on growth and yield of selected leafy vegetables". Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18999.
Texto completoAgriculture and Life Sciences
D. Litt. et. Phil. (Agriculture)
Mashau, Aluwani Shiridor. "Quantification of the bioccumulation potential of various chemical elements from coal fly ash using Brassia juncea and Spinacia oleracea L and its implication for phytoremediation of coal fly ash dumps". Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/908.
Texto completoDepartment of Ecology and Resource Management
South Africa is highly dependent on coal for production of electricity. The combustion of coal for electricity generation produces waste by-products which include fine ash (fly ash) and coarse ash. Fly ash (FA) is produced in large amounts while its utilization is low due to its classification as a hazardous material. Sasol produces about 7 million tons of FA, while Eskom produces about 28 million tons of coal FA annually. FA is a fine by-product from pulverized coal with detrimental effects on plants, soil or land, animals and human beings, and pollutes the air. The present investigation focuses on the examination of the chemical elements bioaccumulation and phytoremediation potential of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and Spinach (Spinacia Oleracea L). X-ray fluorescence (XRF) was used to analyze the elemental composition of FA and soil, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to examine the morphology, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was used to evaluate the mineralogy of FA. The concentrations of metal and non-metal species that are released from FA on contact with water at different conditions were quantified using ICP-MS. Pot culture experiment was conducted to grow Brassica juncea and Spinacia Oleracea L. using FA and soil as growth medium. Leachates from the pots were collected and analysed using ICP-MS. Plant parts from harvested Brassica juncea and Spinacia Oleracea L. were cut separately and analysed using ICP-MS for the concentrations of different metal and non-metal species in plant parts. Plant parts were also used to estimate biomass and chlorophyll content (leaves). To prepare these plant samples for analysis, the powdered plant sample (0.5 g) was digested through aqua regia (HCL:HNO3 = 3:1 (v/v)) to near dryness using hotplate and filled to 100 mL of MilliQ water. The samples were filtered and directly used to determine the chemical elements concentrations. Blanks and internal standards were used for quality assurance during analysis. Chemical elements that are present in FA and sometimes in higher concentrations are associated with detrimental effects in plants, animals and human beings, hence phytoremediation is vital. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) was used to estimate the metal species accumulation ability of the plants from the FA, FA/soil mixtures, while translocation factor (TF) was used to assess the plant species potential for phytoremediation of coal fly ash dumps. Analysis of Varience (ANOVA) was used to statistically test data using Graphpad software package. Relationship between chemical elements in soil, FA and FA+soil growth media and also different plant parts (root, stem and leaf) of B. juncea and S. Oleracea L were calculated using the t - test, ANOVA-Bartlett test, Mann-Whitney Test and Kruskal-Wallis Statistic (KW) depending on each data set. The physicochemical characterization of coal fly ash showed that FA from Grootvlei power station can be classified as class F with an alkaline pH level of 10.62. It showed that particle morphology of this FA had a lower degree of sphericity with irregular agglomerations of many particles while there were dominant spherical particles and smaller sharp needle like particles. It is also an alumino-silicate material as confirmed by the high SiO2 and Al2O3 content, while soil leachates had an average/neutral pH of 7.22 with very high amounts of Si. In both soil and FA, elements that were expected to be readily available to plants included Ca, Si, K, Ba, Mo, Na, Al, Mg, Sr and non-essential elements (Si, Ba, Na, Al, Sr), which, if uptaken by plants’ roots can have negative impacts in plants. Physicochemical analysis of soil, FA and FA+soil leachates showed that the alkalinity of the FA changed over time and there was also a decrease in the EC due to dissolution iv of soluble major oxides, which was promoted by continuous water irrigation. The soil and FA+soil growth media showed similar results. Chemical elements like B, Mn, Fe and Ba were occurring at higher concentrations in leachates for most weeks in the pot culture experiments. However, it was observed that in the eleventh week of leachate collection all these chemical elements decreased to very low concentrations. This suggest that these chemical elements can be reduced over time as plants are being irrigated which is either due to uptake by plants or washed off with water. Statistically, there was a significant difference for different chemical elements of leachates from different growth media for each plant species (B. juncea and S. Olearcea L.). The overall growth rate shows that S. Oleracea L was better than that of B. juncea especially in the FA media over time, while the biomass of the two plant species showed similar results. After all, even though S. Oleracea L had carotenoid content below detection limits, it had higher chlorophyll b than B. juncea for all growth media in general. But, statistically there was no significant difference between the two plant species in terms of growth rate and biomass; even between the plant parts denoting similar growth performance for the two plant species under study. The bioaccumulation potential of the two plant species showed that chemical elements such as Fe, Mn, Ba, Zn and B were highly accumulated by the different parts of the plants. However, the chemical elements such as of Mo, Ni, Cu, and Cr showed the least concentrations. This trend was similar for all growth media and both plant species but this changes over time for different growth media and plant species as increasing and decreasing trends can be noticed. This led to no significant difference between plant species and also growth media, statistically. High BCF values of Fe, Mn, Ba, Zn and B were observed in the different parts of the plants for both plant species. However, Mo, Ni, Cu, and Cr had BCF values less than 1 for most growth media over time. BCF values in plant parts differed with time, growth media and plant species. Translocation of chemical elements shows that the B. juncea plant proved to be an effective phytoremediation plant species since it is effective in translocation of many chemical elements for different growth media to shoots while S. Oleracea L failed to translocate most chemical elements from stem to leaves although it translocated some from root to shoots. Hence, it can be concluded from the study that both species can be used in phytoremediation of coal fly ash dumps but with B. juncea being the most effective accumulator and translocator of many chemical elements. However, it can be recommended that chelating agents like ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) be introduced to solubilize chemical elements from growth media matrix into growth media solution to facilitate the quick transport of chemical elements into xylem, and increase