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Nilsson, Markus, Elisabet Englund, Filip Szczepankiewicz, Danielle van Westen y Pia C. Sundgren. "Imaging brain tumour microstructure". NeuroImage 182 (noviembre de 2018): 232–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.04.075.
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Alotaibi, Abdulmajeed, Christopher Tench, Rebecca Stevenson, Ghadah Felmban, Amjad Altokhis, Ali Aldhebaib, Rob A. Dineen y Cris S. Constantinescu. "Investigating Brain Microstructural Alterations in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging: A Systematic Review". Brain Sciences 11, n.º 2 (22 de enero de 2021): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11020140.
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Type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus have an impact on the microstructural environment and cognitive functions of the brain due to its microvascular/macrovascular complications. Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques can allow detection of brain volume reduction in people with diabetes. However, conventional MRI is insufficiently sensitive to quantify microstructural changes. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) has been used as a sensitive MRI-based technique for quantifying and assessing brain microstructural abnormalities in patients with diabetes. This systematic review aims to summarise the original research literature using DTI to quantify microstructural alterations in diabetes and the relation of such changes to cognitive status and metabolic profile. A total of thirty-eight published studies that demonstrate the impact of diabetes mellitus on brain microstructure using DTI are included, and these demonstrate that both type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus may affect cognitive abilities due to the alterations in brain microstructures.
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Reislev, Nina Linde, Tim Bjørn Dyrby, Hartwig Roman Siebner, Ron Kupers y Maurice Ptito. "Simultaneous Assessment of White Matter Changes in Microstructure and Connectedness in the Blind Brain". Neural Plasticity 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6029241.
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the human brain has provided converging evidence that visual deprivation induces regional changes in white matter (WM) microstructure. It remains unclear how these changes modify network connections between brain regions. Here we used diffusion-weighted MRI to relate differences in microstructure and structural connectedness of WM in individuals with congenital or late-onset blindness relative to normally sighted controls. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provided voxel-specific microstructural features of the tissue, while anatomical connectivity mapping (ACM) assessed the connectedness of each voxel with the rest of the brain. ACM yielded reduced anatomical connectivity in the corpus callosum in individuals with congenital but not late-onset blindness. ACM did not identify any brain region where blindness resulted in increased anatomical connectivity. DTI revealed widespread microstructural differences as indexed by a reduced regional fractional anisotropy (FA). Blind individuals showed lower FA in the primary visual and the ventral visual processing stream relative to sighted controls regardless of the blindness onset. The results show that visual deprivation shapes WM microstructure and anatomical connectivity, but these changes appear to be spatially dissociated as changes emerge in different WM tracts. They also indicate that regional differences in anatomical connectivity depend on the onset of blindness.
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Dinkel, Johannes G., Godehard Lahmer, Angelika Mennecke, Stefan W. Hock, Tanja Richter-Schmidinger, Rainer Fietkau, Luitpold Distel, Florian Putz, Arnd Dörfler y Manuel A. Schmidt. "Effects of Hippocampal Sparing Radiotherapy on Brain Microstructure—A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Analysis". Brain Sciences 12, n.º 7 (4 de julio de 2022): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12070879.
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Hippocampal-sparing radiotherapy (HSR) is a promising approach to alleviate cognitive side effects following cranial radiotherapy. Microstructural brain changes after irradiation have been demonstrated using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI). However, evidence is conflicting for certain parameters and anatomic structures. This study examines the effects of radiation on white matter and hippocampal microstructure using DTI and evaluates whether these may be mitigated using HSR. A total of 35 tumor patients undergoing a prospective randomized controlled trial receiving either conventional or HSR underwent DTI before as well as 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 (±3) months after radiotherapy. Fractional Anisotropy (FA), Mean Diffusivity (MD), Axial Diffusivity (AD), and Radial Diffusivity (RD) were measured in the hippocampus (CA), temporal, and frontal lobe white matter (TL, FL), and corpus callosum (CC). Longitudinal analysis was performed using linear mixed models. Analysis of the entire patient collective demonstrated an overall FACC decrease and RDCC increase compared to baseline in all follow-ups; ADCC decreased after 6 months, and MDCC increased after 12 months (p ≤ 0.001, 0.001, 0.007, 0.018). ADTL decreased after 24 and 30 months (p ≤ 0.004, 0.009). Hippocampal FA increased after 6 and 12 months, driven by a distinct increase in ADCA and MDCA, with RDCA not increasing until 30 months after radiotherapy (p ≤ 0.011, 0.039, 0.005, 0.040, 0.019). Mean radiation dose correlated positively with hippocampal FA (p < 0.001). These findings may indicate complex pathophysiological changes in cerebral microstructures after radiation, insufficiently explained by conventional DTI models. Hippocampal microstructure differed between patients undergoing HSR and conventional cranial radiotherapy after 6 months with a higher ADCA in the HSR subgroup (p ≤ 0.034).
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Middleton, Dana M., Jonathan Y. Li, Hui J. Lee, Steven Chen, Patricia I. Dickson, N. Matthew Ellinwood, Leonard E. White y James M. Provenzale. "Diffusion tensor imaging tensor shape analysis for assessment of regional white matter differences". Neuroradiology Journal 30, n.º 4 (20 de junio de 2017): 324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1971400917709628.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate a novel tensor shape plot analysis technique of diffusion tensor imaging data as a means to assess microstructural differences in brain tissue. We hypothesized that this technique could distinguish white matter regions with different microstructural compositions. Methods Three normal canines were euthanized at seven weeks old. Their brains were imaged using identical diffusion tensor imaging protocols on a 7T small-animal magnetic resonance imaging system. We examined two white matter regions, the internal capsule and the centrum semiovale, each subdivided into an anterior and posterior region. We placed 100 regions of interest in each of the four brain regions. Eigenvalues for each region of interest triangulated onto tensor shape plots as the weighted average of three shape metrics at the plot's vertices: CS, CL, and CP. Results The distribution of data on the plots for the internal capsule differed markedly from the centrum semiovale data, thus confirming our hypothesis. Furthermore, data for the internal capsule were distributed in a relatively tight cluster, possibly reflecting the compact and parallel nature of its fibers, while data for the centrum semiovale were more widely distributed, consistent with the less compact and often crossing pattern of its fibers. This indicates that the tensor shape plot technique can depict data in similar regions as being alike. Conclusion Tensor shape plots successfully depicted differences in tissue microstructure and reflected the microstructure of individual brain regions. This proof of principle study suggests that if our findings are reproduced in larger samples, including abnormal white matter states, the technique may be useful in assessment of white matter diseases.
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Paus, Tomáš. "Imaging microstructure in the living human brain: A viewpoint". NeuroImage 182 (noviembre de 2018): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.10.013.
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Alexander, Daniel C., Tim B. Dyrby, Markus Nilsson y Hui Zhang. "Imaging brain microstructure with diffusion MRI: practicality and applications". NMR in Biomedicine 32, n.º 4 (29 de noviembre de 2017): e3841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nbm.3841.
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Dimitrova, Ralica, Maximilian Pietsch, Daan Christiaens, Judit Ciarrusta, Thomas Wolfers, Dafnis Batalle, Emer Hughes et al. "Heterogeneity in Brain Microstructural Development Following Preterm Birth". Cerebral Cortex 30, n.º 9 (18 de abril de 2020): 4800–4810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa069.
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Abstract Preterm-born children are at increased risk of lifelong neurodevelopmental difficulties. Group-wise analyses of magnetic resonance imaging show many differences between preterm- and term-born infants but do not reliably predict neurocognitive prognosis for individual infants. This might be due to the unrecognized heterogeneity of cerebral injury within the preterm group. This study aimed to determine whether atypical brain microstructural development following preterm birth is significantly variable between infants. Using Gaussian process regression, a technique that allows a single-individual inference, we characterized typical variation of brain microstructure using maps of fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity in a sample of 270 term-born neonates. Then, we compared 82 preterm infants to these normative values to identify brain regions with atypical microstructure and relate observed deviations to degree of prematurity and neurocognition at 18 months. Preterm infants showed strikingly heterogeneous deviations from typical development, with little spatial overlap between infants. Greater and more extensive deviations, captured by a whole brain atypicality index, were associated with more extreme prematurity and predicted poorer cognitive and language abilities at 18 months. Brain microstructural development after preterm birth is highly variable between individual infants. This poorly understood heterogeneity likely relates to both the etiology and prognosis of brain injury.
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Huang, Tzu-Hsin, Ming-Chi Lai, Yu-Shiue Chen y Chin-Wei Huang. "Brain Imaging in Epilepsy-Focus on Diffusion-Weighted Imaging". Diagnostics 12, n.º 11 (27 de octubre de 2022): 2602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112602.
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Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder; 1% of people worldwide have epilepsy. Differentiating epileptic seizures from other acute neurological disorders in a clinical setting can be challenging. Approximately one-third of patients have drug-resistant epilepsy that is not well controlled by current antiepileptic drug therapy. Surgical treatment is potentially curative if the epileptogenic focus is accurately localized. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is an advanced magnetic resonance imaging technique that is sensitive to the diffusion of water molecules and provides additional information on the microstructure of tissue. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of peri-ictal, postictal, and interictal diffusion images can aid the differential diagnosis of seizures and seizure foci localization. This review focused on the fundamentals of DWI and its associated techniques, such as apparent diffusion coefficient, diffusion tensor imaging, and tractography, as well as their impact on epilepsy in terms of differential diagnosis, epileptic foci determination, and prognosis prediction.
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Martinot, J. l. "CS02-03 - Imaging depression". European Psychiatry 26, S2 (marzo de 2011): 1773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73477-0.
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ContextPET and MRI investigations performed in patient groups with major depressive disorder (MDD) by our team in Orsay searched for differences of regional brain measures during treatments.ResultsIn the patient samples investigated, thorough analysis of cortical surface and metabolism suggested marked deviations in patients with resistant depression, while abnormalities of white matter microstructure were still present in euthymic patients (1–4). Relationship with treatment response was investigated (5). Recent ALE meta-analysis of Talairach’ spatial coordinates reported in the literature on adolescent MDD confirms that imaging techniques of brain function and brain structure revealed a consistent network of frontal limbic and subcortical regions (1)ConclusionWhile the diagnosis of MDD is symptom-based by definition, brain imaging research provided a bunch of convergent information on the regions mediating the depressive syndrome, and supports a significant proportion of MDD patients have brain deviations in both regional function and regional structure measurements.
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Manan, Aiman Abdul, Noorazrul Azmie Yahya, Nur Hartini Mohd Taib, Zamzuri Idris y Hanani Abdul Manan. "The Assessment of White Matter Integrity Alteration Pattern in Patients with Brain Tumor Utilizing Diffusion Tensor Imaging: A Systematic Review". Cancers 15, n.º 13 (24 de junio de 2023): 3326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15133326.
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Alteration in the surrounding brain tissue may occur in the presence of a brain tumor. The present study aims to assess the characteristics and criteria of the pattern of white matter tract microstructure integrity alteration in brain tumor patients. The Scopus, PubMed/Medline, and Web of Science electronic databases were searched for related articles based on the guidelines established by PRISMA. Twenty-five studies were selected on the morphological changes of white matter tract integrity based on the differential classification of white matter tract (WMT) patterns in brain tumor patients through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The characterization was based on two criteria: the visualization of the tract—its orientation and position—and the DTI parameters, which were the fractional anisotropy and apparent diffusion coefficient. Individual evaluations revealed no absolute, mutually exclusive type of tumor in relation to morphological WMT microstructure integrity changes. In most cases, different types and grades of tumors have shown displacement or infiltration. Characterizing morphological changes in the integrity of the white matter tract microstructures is vital in the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of the tumor’s progression and could be a potential assessment for the early detection of possible neurological defects that may affect the patient, as well as aiding in surgery decision-making.
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Cabeen, Ryan P., John M. Allman y Arthur W. Toga. "THC Exposure is Reflected in the Microstructure of the Cerebral Cortex and Amygdala of Young Adults". Cerebral Cortex 30, n.º 9 (7 de mayo de 2020): 4949–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa087.
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Abstract The endocannabinoid system serves a critical role in homeostatic regulation through its influence on processes underlying appetite, pain, reward, and stress, and cannabis has long been used for the related modulatory effects it provides through tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). We investigated how THC exposure relates to tissue microstructure of the cerebral cortex and subcortical nuclei using computational modeling of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data in a large cohort of young adults from the Human Connectome Project. We report strong associations between biospecimen-defined THC exposure and microstructure parameters in discrete gray matter brain areas, including frontoinsular cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and the lateral amygdala subfields, with independent effects in behavioral measures of memory performance, negative intrusive thinking, and paternal substance abuse. These results shed new light on the relationship between THC exposure and microstructure variation in brain areas related to salience processing, emotion regulation, and decision making. The absence of effects in some other cannabinoid-receptor-rich brain areas prompts the consideration of cellular and molecular mechanisms that we discuss. Further studies are needed to characterize the nature of these effects across the lifespan and to investigate the mechanistic neurobiological factors connecting THC exposure and microstructural parameters.
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Wang, Nian, Jieying Zhang, Gary Cofer, Yi Qi, Robert J. Anderson, Leonard E. White y G. Allan Johnson. "Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging of mouse brain microstructure". Brain Structure and Function 224, n.º 5 (20 de abril de 2019): 1797–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-019-01877-x.
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Leroy, C., S. Chanraud, E. Artiges, C. Martelli, A. Cachia, J. Andoh, N. Kostogianni et al. "Imaging Usual Addictions: Tobacco, Canabis and Alcohol". European Psychiatry 24, S1 (enero de 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70407-9.
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Background:Brain models of drug addiction are being tackled in humans, using PET and MRI.Results:1.Whereas tobacco and cannabis do not interact directly with dopamine sites, positron emission tomography detected lower availability in sites regulating the catecholamines homeostasis, notably in dopamine transporter sites in striatal and in extrastriatal regions. This further supports repeated and long term substance use progress towards an adaptative diminished basal dopamine level that would contribute to the switch to an addicted brain.2.Alcohol: abnormalities in brain macro- and micro- structure were searched in detoxified alcohol-dependents with preserved psychosocial functioning:-Brain function (fMRI): fronto-cerebellar overactivation detected during an auditory language task in alcohol-dependents may reflect the compensatory effort required for patients to maintain the same level of performance as controls.-Brain macrostructure (MRI). Widespread lower white matter volumes, and lower grey matter volumes in the frontal lobe, insula, hippocampus, thalami and cerebellum, were detected. Poorer neuropsychological performance correlated with smaller grey matter volumes in these regions and with lower white matter volume in the brainstem.-Brain microstructure (DTI): tractography of white matter fiber bundles revealed that brainstem bundles alteration may contribute to cognitive flexibility impairment. Regression analyses showed memory scores were related to brain microstructure in parahippocampal areas, frontal cortex, and left temporal cortex. This suggest diffusion imaging (DTI) is a useful probe to early alcohol-induced brain alterations.Conclusion:While indices of dopamine down-regulation are consistency detected in several drug addictions, even “socially-adapted” alcohol dependence may induce change in brain structure.Psychol Med. 1998 28:1039-48.Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007 32:429-38.IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2007 26:553-65J Nucl Med. 2007 48:538-46.Neuropsychopharmacology (Chanraud S et al., 2008 Jul 9. [Epub ahead of print]).J Clin Psychopharmacol (Leroy C et al, in press).
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Goto, Masayuki, Yasushi Shibata, Sumire Ishiyama, Yuji Matsumaru y Eiichi Ishikawa. "Brain Microstructure and Brain Function Changes in Space Headache by Head-Down-Tilted Bed Rest". Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 94, n.º 9 (1 de septiembre de 2023): 678–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.6177.2023.
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INTRODUCTION: Several astronauts have experienced severe headaches during spaceflight, but no studies have examined the associated brain microstructure and functional changes. Head-down-tilted bed rest (HDBR) is a well-established method for studying the physical effects of microgravity on the ground. In this study, we analyzed the changes in brain microstructure and function during headache caused by HDBR using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI).METHODS: We imaged 28 healthy subjects with DTI and R-fMRI in the horizontal supine position and HDBR. Using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics, fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and axial diffusivity were compared between the headache and non-headache groups. Additionally, an analysis of functional connectivity (FC) was performed, followed by a correlation analysis between FC and numerical rating scale.RESULTS: HDBR caused headaches in 21 of 28 subjects. DTI analysis showed no significant change in fractional anisotropy after HDBR, whereas axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and mean diffusivity increased significantly. R-fMRI analysis showed a significant decrease in FC in several areas after HDBR. The headache group showed significantly higher FC before HDBR, and both groups showed higher FC after HDBR. Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between FC and numerical rating scale before HDBR but negative after HDBR.DISCUSSION: We demonstrated the image change in the acute phase of space headache by HDBR using DTI and R-fMRI. Changes in brain microstructure and function specific to patients developing headaches may be evaluated by imaging.Goto M, Shibata Y, Ishiyama S, Matsumaru Y, Ishikawa E. Brain microstructure and brain function changes in space headache by head-down-tilted bed rest. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023; 94(9):678–685.
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Sun, Qing, Wenliang Fan, Yuan Liu, Yan Zou, Natalie Wiseman, Zhifeng Kou y Ping Han. "Characterization of brain microstructural abnormalities in cirrhotic patients without overt hepatic encephalopathy using diffusion kurtosis imaging". Brain Imaging and Behavior 14, n.º 2 (11 de septiembre de 2019): 627–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11682-019-00141-4.
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Abstract Cirrhosis is a major public health concern. However, little is known about the neurobiological mechanisms underlying brain microstructure alterations in cirrhotic patients. The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate brain microstructural alterations in cirrhosis with or without minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) and their relationship with patients’ neurocognitive performance and disease duration using voxel-based analysis of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI). DKI data were acquired from 30 cirrhotic patients with MHE, 31 patients without MHE (NMHE) and 59 healthy controls. All DKI-derived parametric maps were compared across the three groups to investigate their group differences. Correlation analyses were further performed to assess relationships between altered imaging parameters and clinical data. Voxel-based analysis of DKI data results showed that MHE/NMHE patients had increased radial diffusivity, axial diffusivity (AD) and mean diffusivity in addition to decreased axial kurtosis (AK) and fractional anisotropy of kurtosis in several regions. Compared to controls, these regions were primarily the cingulum, temporal and frontal cortices. The DKI metrics (i.e., AK and AD) were correlated with clinical variables in the two patient groups. In conclusion, DKI is useful for detecting brain microstructural abnormalities in MHE and NMHE patients. Abnormal DKI parameters suggest alterations in brain microstructural complexity in cirrhotic patients, which may contribute to the neurobiological basis of neurocognitive impairment. These results may provide additional information on the pathophysiology of cirrhosis.
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Vo Van, Philippe, Marianne Alison, Baptiste Morel, Jonathan Beck, Nathalie Bednarek, Lucie Hertz-Pannier y Gauthier Loron. "Advanced Brain Imaging in Preterm Infants: A Narrative Review of Microstructural and Connectomic Disruption". Children 9, n.º 3 (4 de marzo de 2022): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9030356.
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Preterm birth disrupts the in utero environment, preventing the brain from fully developing, thereby causing later cognitive and behavioral disorders. Such cerebral alteration occurs beneath an anatomical scale, and is therefore undetectable by conventional imagery. Prematurity impairs the microstructure and thus the histological process responsible for the maturation, including the myelination. Cerebral MRI diffusion tensor imaging sequences, based on water’s motion into the brain, allows a representation of this maturation process. Similarly, the brain’s connections become disorganized. The connectome gathers structural and anatomical white matter fibers, as well as functional networks referring to remote brain regions connected one over another. Structural and functional connectivity is illustrated by tractography and functional MRI, respectively. Their organizations consist of core nodes connected by edges. This basic distribution is already established in the fetal brain. It evolves greatly over time but is compromised by prematurity. Finally, cerebral plasticity is nurtured by a lifetime experience at microstructural and macrostructural scales. A preterm birth causes a negative and early disruption, though it can be partly mitigated by positive stimuli based on developmental neonatal care.
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Pogosbekyan, E. L., A. M. Turkin, A. A. Baev, E. I. Shults, N. V. Khachanova, I. I. Maximov, L. M. Fadeeva, I. N. Pronin y V. N. Kornienko. "DIFFUSION-KURTOSIS IMAGING IN ASSESMENT OF BRAIN MICROSTRUCTURE. HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS MEASURMENTS". Medical Visualization, n.º 4 (28 de agosto de 2018): 108–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24835/1607-0763-2018-4-108-126.
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Aim:discover quantitative and qualitative variance of diffusion parameters in white and gray matter of healthyvolunteers brain. Discover correlation between diffusion and kurtosis parameters, find out if there is correlation between the parameters and aging microstructural changes.Materials and methods.14 healthy volunteers were investigated (9 men, 5 women; age from 21 to 55 years, mean 34). The volunteers were classified into two groups by age: 7 subjects who younger 35 (6 men and 1 woman, mean age 25) and 7 subjects who older 35 years (3 men and 4 women, mean age 44). We used 3.0 Tesla MRI (3.0T SignaHDxt, General Electric, USA) with 8 channel head coil, gradient strength 50 mT/m, slew rate 150 T/m/s. Diffusion imaging was based on echo planar “spin echo” sequence (SE EPI), TR = 10000 ms, TEmin = 102 ms, FOV = 240 mm, voxel size 3 × 3 × 3 mm3, 60 non-coplanar diffusion directions and three b-values: 0, 1000, 2500 s/mm2. Acquisition time of diffusion kurtosis imaging was 22 minutes. We excluded extracerebral areas on diffusion and kurtosis parametric maps using semi-automatic approach. After that, brain images were transformed to MNI152 space using affine method. Masks of 9 anatomical structures were applied to the transformed images. Diffusion and kurtosis values were measured in these structures.Results.Fractional anisotropy (FA) changed from 0.06 in lateral occipital cortex to 0.25 in cerebral white matter, kurtosis anisotropy (KA) changed from 0.03 to 0.14 in the same cerebral structures. Axial (AK), radial (RK) and mean kurtosis (MK) were minimal in superior frontal gyrus and maximal in cerebral white matter. AK changed from 0.55 to 0.72, RK changed from 0.62 to 1.05, MK from 0.59 to 0.88. Axial(AxEAD) and radial extra axonal water diffusion (RadEAD) were minimal in putamen and maximal in superior frontal gyrus. AxEAD was changing from 1.38 • 10–3 to 2.57 • 10–3, RadEAD from 1.03 • 10–3 to 2.34 • 10–3. Axonal water fraction (AWF) had minimal value 0,18 in superior frontal gyrus and maximal value 0.29 in cerebral white matter. Tortuosity (TORT) changed from 1.06 in lateral occipital cortex to 1.43 in cerebral white matter. There was significant difference between age groups in AWF, RK, RadEAD in putamen and in KA in superior temporal gyrus. Maximal correlation with age was in MK in superior temporal gyrus, anterior division. It was equal to 0.562.Conclusions:Diffusion kurtosis imaging is highly sensitive method of brain tissue microstructure assessment, which detects age-related changes.
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Nucifora, Paolo G. P., Ragini Verma, Seung-Koo Lee y Elias R. Melhem. "Diffusion-Tensor MR Imaging and Tractography: Exploring Brain Microstructure and Connectivity". Radiology 245, n.º 2 (noviembre de 2007): 367–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2452060445.
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Bridge, Holly y Stuart Clare. "High-resolution MRI: in vivo histology?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 361, n.º 1465 (28 de noviembre de 2005): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1777.
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For centuries scientists have been fascinated with the question of how the brain works. Investigators have looked at both where different functions are localized and how the anatomical microstructure varies across the brain surface. Here we discuss how advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have allowed in vivo visualization of the fine structure of the brain that was previously only visible in post-mortem brains. We present data showing the correspondence between definitions of the primary visual cortex defined anatomically using very high-resolution MRI and functionally using functional MRI. We consider how this technology can be applied to allow the investigation of brains that differ from normal, and what this ever-evolving technology may be able to reveal about in vivo brain structure in the next few years.
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McPhee, Grace M., Luke A. Downey y Con Stough. "EFFECTS OF COGNITIVE TRAINING ON WHITE MATTER MICROSTRUCTURE AND COGNITION IN OLDER ADULTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW". Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (noviembre de 2019): S658—S659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2440.
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Abstract Adults who remain cognitively active may be protected from age-associated changes in white matter (WM) and cognitive decline. To determine if cognitive activity is a precursor for WM plasticity, the available literature was systematically searched for Region of Interest (ROI) and whole-brain studies assessing the efficacy of cognitive training (CT) on WM microstructure using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) in healthy adults (> 40 years). Seven studies were identified and included in this review. Results suggest there are beneficial effects to WM microstructure after CT in frontal and medial brain regions, with some studies showing improved performance in cognitive outcomes. Benefits of CT were shown to be protective against age-related WM microstructure decline by either maintaining or improving WM after training. These results have implications for determining the capacity for training-dependent WM plasticity in older adults and whether CT can be utilised to prevent age-associated cognitive decline. Additional studies with standardised training and imaging protocols are needed to confirm these outcomes.
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Ouyang, Minhui, Tina Jeon, Aristeidis Sotiras, Qinmu Peng, Virendra Mishra, Cathy Halovanic, Min Chen et al. "Differential cortical microstructural maturation in the preterm human brain with diffusion kurtosis and tensor imaging". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, n.º 10 (19 de febrero de 2019): 4681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1812156116.
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During the third trimester, the human brain undergoes rapid cellular and molecular processes that reshape the structural architecture of the cerebral cortex. Knowledge of cortical differentiation obtained predominantly from histological studies is limited in localized and small cortical regions. How cortical microstructure is differentiated across cortical regions in this critical period is unknown. In this study, the cortical microstructural architecture across the entire cortex was delineated with non-Gaussian diffusion kurtosis imaging as well as conventional diffusion tensor imaging of 89 preterm neonates aged 31–42 postmenstrual weeks. The temporal changes of cortical mean kurtosis (MK) or fractional anisotropy (FA) were heterogeneous across the cortical regions. Cortical MK decreases were observed throughout the studied age period, while cortical FA decrease reached its plateau around 37 weeks. More rapid decreases in MK were found in the primary visual region, while faster FA declines were observed in the prefrontal cortex. We found that distinctive cortical microstructural changes were coupled with microstructural maturation of associated white matter tracts. Both cortical MK and FA measurements predicted the postmenstrual age of preterm infants accurately. This study revealed a differential 4D spatiotemporal cytoarchitectural signature inferred by non-Gaussian diffusion barriers inside the cortical plate during the third trimester. The cytoarchitectural processes, including dendritic arborization and neuronal density decreases, were inferred by regional cortical FA and MK measurements. The presented findings suggest that cortical MK and FA measurements could be used as effective imaging markers for cortical microstructural changes in typical and potentially atypical brain development.
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Zhao, Bingxin, Tengfei Li, Yue Yang, Xifeng Wang, Tianyou Luo, Yue Shan, Ziliang Zhu et al. "Common genetic variation influencing human white matter microstructure". Science 372, n.º 6548 (17 de junio de 2021): eabf3736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abf3736.
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Brain regions communicate with each other through tracts of myelinated axons, commonly referred to as white matter. We identified common genetic variants influencing white matter microstructure using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging of 43,802 individuals. Genome-wide association analysis identified 109 associated loci, 30 of which were detected by tract-specific functional principal components analysis. A number of loci colocalized with brain diseases, such as glioma and stroke. Genetic correlations were observed between white matter microstructure and 57 complex traits and diseases. Common variants associated with white matter microstructure altered the function of regulatory elements in glial cells, particularly oligodendrocytes. This large-scale tract-specific study advances the understanding of the genetic architecture of white matter and its genetic links to a wide spectrum of clinical outcomes.
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Witzmann, Katharina, Felix Raschke y Esther G. C. Troost. "MR Image Changes of Normal-Appearing Brain Tissue after Radiotherapy". Cancers 13, n.º 7 (29 de marzo de 2021): 1573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13071573.
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Radiotherapy is part of the standard treatment of most primary brain tumors. Large clinical target volumes and physical characteristics of photon beams inevitably lead to irradiation of surrounding normal brain tissue. This can cause radiation-induced brain injury. In particular, late brain injury, such as cognitive dysfunction, is often irreversible and progressive over time, resulting in a significant reduction in quality of life. Since 50% of patients have survival times greater than six months, radiation-induced side effects become more relevant and need to be balanced against radiation treatment given with curative intent. To develop adequate treatment and prevention strategies, the underlying cause of radiation-induced side-effects needs to be understood. This paper provides an overview of radiation-induced changes observed in normal-appearing brains measured with conventional and advanced MRI techniques and summarizes the current findings and conclusions. Brain atrophy was observed with anatomical MRI. Changes in tissue microstructure were seen on diffusion imaging. Vascular changes were examined with perfusion-weighted imaging and susceptibility-weighted imaging. MR spectroscopy revealed decreasing N-acetyl aspartate, indicating decreased neuronal health or neuronal loss. Based on these findings, multicenter prospective studies incorporating advanced MR techniques as well as neurocognitive function tests should be designed in order to gain more evidence on radiation-induced sequelae.
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Webb, Emma A., Lucy Elliott, Dominic Carlin, Martin Wilson, Kirsty Hall, Jennifer Netherton, Julie Reed et al. "Quantitative Brain MRI in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: In Vivo Assessment of the Cognitive and Structural Impact of Steroid Hormones". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 103, n.º 4 (20 de noviembre de 2017): 1330–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2017-01481.
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Abstract Context Brain white matter hyperintensities are seen on routine clinical imaging in 46% of adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). The extent and functional relevance of these abnormalities have not been studied with quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis. Objective To examine white matter microstructure, neural volumes, and central nervous system (CNS) metabolites in CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) and to determine whether identified abnormalities are associated with cognition, glucocorticoid, and androgen exposure. Design, Setting, and Participants A cross-sectional study at a tertiary hospital including 19 women (18 to 50 years) with 21OHD and 19 age-matched healthy women. Main Outcome Measure Recruits underwent cognitive assessment and brain imaging, including diffusion weighted imaging of white matter, T1-weighted volumetry, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy for neural metabolites. We evaluated white matter microstructure by using tract-based spatial statistics. We compared cognitive scores, neural volumes, and metabolites between groups and relationships between glucocorticoid exposure, MRI, and neurologic outcomes. Results Patients with 21OHD had widespread reductions in white matter structural integrity, reduced volumes of right hippocampus, bilateral thalami, cerebellum, and brainstem, and reduced mesial temporal lobe total choline content. Working memory, processing speed, and digit span and matrix reasoning scores were reduced in patients with 21OHD, despite similar education and intelligence to controls. Patients with 21OHD exposed to higher glucocorticoid doses had greater abnormalities in white matter microstructure and cognitive performance. Conclusion We demonstrate that 21OHD and current glucocorticoid replacement regimens have a profound impact on brain morphology and function. If reversible, these CNS markers are a potential target for treatment.
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Richard, Geneviève, Knut Kolskår, Anne-Marthe Sanders, Tobias Kaufmann, Anders Petersen, Nhat Trung Doan, Jennifer Monereo Sánchez et al. "Assessing distinct patterns of cognitive aging using tissue-specific brain age prediction based on diffusion tensor imaging and brain morphometry". PeerJ 6 (30 de noviembre de 2018): e5908. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5908.
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Multimodal imaging enables sensitive measures of the architecture and integrity of the human brain, but the high-dimensional nature of advanced brain imaging features poses inherent challenges for the analyses and interpretations. Multivariate age prediction reduces the dimensionality to one biologically informative summary measure with potential for assessing deviations from normal lifespan trajectories. A number of studies documented remarkably accurate age prediction, but the differential age trajectories and the cognitive sensitivity of distinct brain tissue classes have yet to be adequately characterized. Exploring differential brain age models driven by tissue-specific classifiers provides a hitherto unexplored opportunity to disentangle independent sources of heterogeneity in brain biology. We trained machine-learning models to estimate brain age using various combinations of FreeSurfer based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging based indices of white matter microstructure in 612 healthy controls aged 18–87 years. To compare the tissue-specific brain ages and their cognitive sensitivity, we applied each of the 11 models in an independent and cognitively well-characterized sample (n = 265, 20–88 years). Correlations between true and estimated age and mean absolute error (MAE) in our test sample were highest for the most comprehensive brain morphometry (r = 0.83, CI:0.78–0.86, MAE = 6.76 years) and white matter microstructure (r = 0.79, CI:0.74–0.83, MAE = 7.28 years) models, confirming sensitivity and generalizability. The deviance from the chronological age were sensitive to performance on several cognitive tests for various models, including spatial Stroop and symbol coding, indicating poorer performance in individuals with an over-estimated age. Tissue-specific brain age models provide sensitive measures of brain integrity, with implications for the study of a range of brain disorders.
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Vogt, Nicholas M., Jack F. Hunt, Nagesh Adluru, Douglas C. Dean, Sterling C. Johnson, Sanjay Asthana, John-Paul J. Yu, Andrew L. Alexander y Barbara B. Bendlin. "Cortical Microstructural Alterations in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia". Cerebral Cortex 30, n.º 5 (25 de febrero de 2020): 2948–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz286.
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Abstract In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), neurodegenerative processes are ongoing for years prior to the time that cortical atrophy can be reliably detected using conventional neuroimaging techniques. Recent advances in diffusion-weighted imaging have provided new techniques to study neural microstructure, which may provide additional information regarding neurodegeneration. In this study, we used neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), a multi-compartment diffusion model, in order to investigate cortical microstructure along the clinical continuum of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD dementia. Using gray matter-based spatial statistics (GBSS), we demonstrated that neurite density index (NDI) was significantly lower throughout temporal and parietal cortical regions in MCI, while both NDI and orientation dispersion index (ODI) were lower throughout parietal, temporal, and frontal regions in AD dementia. In follow-up ROI analyses comparing microstructure and cortical thickness (derived from T1-weighted MRI) within the same brain regions, differences in NODDI metrics remained, even after controlling for cortical thickness. Moreover, for participants with MCI, gray matter NDI—but not cortical thickness—was lower in temporal, parietal, and posterior cingulate regions. Taken together, our results highlight the utility of NODDI metrics in detecting cortical microstructural degeneration that occurs prior to measurable macrostructural changes and overt clinical dementia.
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Rogers, Cynthia y Jeffrey J. Neil. "The Use of Diffusion Imaging to Detect Microstructure in the Preterm Brain". NeoReviews 14, n.º 10 (octubre de 2013): e483-e489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/neo.14-10-e483.
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Mader, I. y H. Urbach. "Walk the Line: From Diffusion Imaging to the Microstructure of the Brain". Clinical Neuroradiology 23, n.º 4 (13 de noviembre de 2013): 261–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00062-013-0265-3.
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Zhan, Wang, Gail A. Kang, Graham A. Glass, Yu Zhang, Cheryl Shirley, Rachel Millin, Katherine L. Possin et al. "Regional alterations of brain microstructure in Parkinson's disease using diffusion tensor imaging". Movement Disorders 27, n.º 1 (17 de agosto de 2011): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.23917.
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Kaltenhauser, Simone, Clara F. Weber, Huang Lin, Ali Mozayan, Ajay Malhotra, R. Todd Constable, Julián N. Acosta et al. "Association of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference With Imaging Metrics of Brain Integrity and Functional Connectivity in Children Aged 9 to 10 Years in the US, 2016-2018". JAMA Network Open 6, n.º 5 (18 de mayo de 2023): e2314193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.14193.
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ImportanceAside from widely known cardiovascular implications, higher weight in children may have negative associations with brain microstructure and neurodevelopment.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference with imaging metrics that approximate brain health.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study to examine the association of BMI and waist circumference with multimodal neuroimaging metrics of brain health in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses over 2 years. From 2016 to 2018, the multicenter ABCD study recruited more than 11 000 demographically representative children aged 9 to 10 years in the US. Children without any history of neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorders were included in this study, and a subsample of children who completed 2-year follow-up (34%) was included for longitudinal analysis.ExposuresChildren’s weight, height, waist circumference, age, sex, race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, handedness, puberty status, and magnetic resonance imaging scanner device were retrieved and included in the analysis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAssociation of preadolescents’ BMI z scores and waist circumference with neuroimaging indicators of brain health: cortical morphometry, resting-state functional connectivity, and white matter microstructure and cytostructure.ResultsA total of 4576 children (2208 [48.3%] female) at a mean (SD) age of 10.0 years (7.6 months) were included in the baseline cross-sectional analysis. There were 609 (13.3%) Black, 925 (20.2%) Hispanic, and 2565 (56.1%) White participants. Of those, 1567 had complete 2-year clinical and imaging information at a mean (SD) age of 12.0 years (7.7 months). In cross-sectional analyses at both time points, higher BMI and waist circumference were associated with lower microstructural integrity and neurite density, most pronounced in the corpus callosum (fractional anisotropy for BMI and waist circumference at baseline and second year: P &lt; .001; neurite density for BMI at baseline: P &lt; .001; neurite density for waist circumference at baseline: P = .09; neurite density for BMI at second year: P = .002; neurite density for waist circumference at second year: P = .05), reduced functional connectivity in reward- and control-related networks (eg, within the salience network for BMI and waist circumference at baseline and second year: P &lt; .002), and thinner brain cortex (eg, for the right rostral middle frontal for BMI and waist circumference at baseline and second year: P &lt; .001). In longitudinal analysis, higher baseline BMI was most strongly associated with decelerated interval development of the prefrontal cortex (left rostral middle frontal: P = .003) and microstructure and cytostructure of the corpus callosum (fractional anisotropy: P = .01; neurite density: P = .02).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, higher BMI and waist circumference among children aged 9 to 10 years were associated with imaging metrics of poorer brain structure and connectivity as well as hindered interval development. Future follow-up data from the ABCD study can reveal long-term neurocognitive implications of excess childhood weight. Imaging metrics that had the strongest association with BMI and waist circumference in this population-level analysis may serve as target biomarkers of brain integrity in future treatment trials of childhood obesity.
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Onishi, Ryutarou, Reika Sawaya, Keiho Tsuji, Narumi Arihara, Akiko Ohki, Junpei Ueda, Junichi Hata y Shigeyoshi Saito. "Evaluation of Temozolomide Treatment for Glioblastoma Using Amide Proton Transfer Imaging and Diffusion MRI". Cancers 14, n.º 8 (10 de abril de 2022): 1907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14081907.
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This study aimed to evaluate tumor changes due to chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ) in terms of quantitative values measured by APT imaging and NODDI. We performed TMZ treatment (administered orally by gavage to the TMZ-40 mg and TMZ-60 mg groups) on 7-week-old male Wistar rats with rat glioma C6 implanted in the right brain. T2WI, APT imaging, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and NODDI were performed on days 7 and 14 after implantation using 7T-MRI, and the calculated quantitative values were statistically compared. Then, HE staining was performed on brain tissue at day 7 and day 14 for each group to compare the results with the MR images. TMZ treatment inhibited tumor growth and necrotic area formation. The necrotic areas observed upon hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining were consistent with the MTR low-signal areas observed upon APT imaging. The intracellular volume fraction (ICVF) map of the NODDI could best show the microstructure of the tumor, and its value could significantly highlight the difference in treatment effects at different TMZ doses. APT imaging and NODDI can be used to detect the microstructural changes caused by TMZ-induced tumor growth inhibition. The ICVF may be useful as a parameter for determining the effect of TMZ.
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Würtemberger, Urs, Alexander Rau, Marco Reisert, Elias Kellner, Martin Diebold, Daniel Erny, Peter C. Reinacher et al. "Differentiation of Perilesional Edema in Glioblastomas and Brain Metastases: Comparison of Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging and Diffusion Microstructure Imaging". Cancers 15, n.º 1 (26 de diciembre de 2022): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15010129.
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Although the free water content within the perilesional T2 hyperintense region should differ between glioblastomas (GBM) and brain metastases based on histological differences, the application of classical MR diffusion models has led to inconsistent results regarding the differentiation between these two entities. Whereas diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) considers the voxel as a single compartment, multicompartment approaches such as neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) or the recently introduced diffusion microstructure imaging (DMI) allow for the calculation of the relative proportions of intra- and extra-axonal and also free water compartments in brain tissue. We investigate the potential of water-sensitive DTI, NODDI and DMI metrics to detect differences in free water content of the perilesional T2 hyperintense area between histopathologically confirmed GBM and brain metastases. Respective diffusion metrics most susceptible to alterations in the free water content (MD, V-ISO, V-CSF) were extracted from T2 hyperintense perilesional areas, normalized and compared in 24 patients with GBM and 25 with brain metastases. DTI MD was significantly increased in metastases (p = 0.006) compared to GBM, which was corroborated by an increased DMI V-CSF (p = 0.001), while the NODDI-derived ISO-VF showed only trend level increase in metastases not reaching significance (p = 0.060). In conclusion, diffusion MRI metrics are able to detect subtle differences in the free water content of perilesional T2 hyperintense areas in GBM and metastases, whereas DMI seems to be superior to DTI and NODDI.
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Barrick, Thomas R., Catherine A. Spilling, Matt G. Hall y Franklyn A. Howe. "The Mathematics of Quasi-Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging". Mathematics 9, n.º 15 (26 de julio de 2021): 1763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9151763.
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Quasi-diffusion imaging (QDI) is a novel quantitative diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) technique that enables high quality tissue microstructural imaging in a clinically feasible acquisition time. QDI is derived from a special case of the continuous time random walk (CTRW) model of diffusion dynamics and assumes water diffusion is locally Gaussian within tissue microstructure. By assuming a Gaussian scaling relationship between temporal (α) and spatial (β) fractional exponents, the dMRI signal attenuation is expressed according to a diffusion coefficient, D (in mm2 s−1), and a fractional exponent, α. Here we investigate the mathematical properties of the QDI signal and its interpretation within the quasi-diffusion model. Firstly, the QDI equation is derived and its power law behaviour described. Secondly, we derive a probability distribution of underlying Fickian diffusion coefficients via the inverse Laplace transform. We then describe the functional form of the quasi-diffusion propagator, and apply this to dMRI of the human brain to perform mean apparent propagator imaging. QDI is currently unique in tissue microstructural imaging as it provides a simple form for the inverse Laplace transform and diffusion propagator directly from its representation of the dMRI signal. This study shows the potential of QDI as a promising new model-based dMRI technique with significant scope for further development.
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Yang, Shaozhuang, Haobin Chen, Liwei Liu, Bingling Chen, Zhigang Yang, Changfeng Wu, Siyi Hu, Huiyun Lin, Buhong Li y Junle Qu. "OCT imaging detection of brain blood vessels in mouse, based on semiconducting polymer nanoparticles". Analyst 142, n.º 23 (2017): 4503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7an01245d.
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Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a valuable technology that has been used to obtain microstructure images of tissue, and has several advantages, though its applications are limited in high-scattering tissues.
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Andreone, N., M. Tansella, R. Cerini, A. Versace, G. Rambaldelli, C. Perlini, N. Dusi et al. "Cortical white-matter microstructure in schizophrenia". British Journal of Psychiatry 191, n.º 2 (agosto de 2007): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020990.
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BackgroundSeveral, although not all, of the previous small diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) studies have shown cortical white-matter disruption in schizophrenia.AimsTo investigate cortical white-matter microstructure with DWI in a large community-based sample of people with schizophrenia.MethodSixty-eight people with schizophrenia and 64 healthy controls underwent a session of DWI to obtain the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of white-matter water molecules. Regions of interest were placed in cortical lobes.ResultsCompared with controls, the schizophrenia group had significantly greater ADCs in frontal, temporal and occipital white matter (analysis of covariance, P < 0.05).ConclusionsOur findings confirm the presence of cortical white-matter microstructure disruption in frontal and temporo-occipital lobes in the largest sample of people with schizophrenia thus for studied with this technique. Future brain imaging studies, together with genetic investigations, should further explore white-matter integrity and genes encoding myelin-related protein expression in people with first-episode schizophrenia and those at high risk of developing the disorder.
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Zhou, Zhifeng, Jinping Xu, Leilei Shi, Xia Liu, Fen Hou, Jingyi Zhou, Jinpei Luo, Qingmao Hu y Hengguo Li. "Alterations of the Brain Microstructure and Corresponding Functional Connectivity in Early-Blind Adolescents". Neural Plasticity 2019 (24 de febrero de 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2747460.
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Although evidence from studies on blind adults indicates that visual deprivation early in life leads to structural and functional disruption and reorganization of the brain, whether young blind people show similar patterns remains unknown. Therefore, this study is aimed at exploring the structural and functional alterations of the brain of early-blind adolescents (EBAs) compared to normal-sighted controls (NSCs) and investigating the effects of residual light perception on brain microstructure and function in EBAs. We obtained magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 23 EBAs (8 with residual light perception (LPs), 15 without light perception (NLPs)) and 21 NSCs (age range 11-19 years old). Whole-brain voxel-based analyses of diffusion tensor imaging metrics and region-of-interest analyses of resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) were performed to compare patterns of brain microstructure and the corresponding RSFC between the groups. The results showed that structural disruptions of LPs and NLPs were mainly located in the occipital visual pathway. Compared with NLPs, LPs showed increased fractional anisotropy (FA) in the superior frontal gyrus and reduced diffusivity in the caudate nucleus. Moreover, the correlations between FA of the occipital cortices or mean diffusivity of the lingual gyrus and age were consistent with the development trajectory of the brain in NSCs, but inconsistent or even opposite in EBAs. Additionally, we found functional, but not structural, reorganization in NLPs compared with NSCs, suggesting that functional neuroplasticity occurs earlier than structural neuroplasticity in EBAs. Altogether, these findings provided new insights into the mechanisms underlying the neural reorganization of the brain in adolescents with early visual deprivation.
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Arkink, Enrico B., Inge H. Palm-Meinders, Hille Koppen, Julien Milles, Baldur van Lew, Lenore J. Launer, Paul A. M. Hofman et al. "Microstructural white matter changes preceding white matter hyperintensities in migraine". Neurology 93, n.º 7 (11 de julio de 2019): e688-e694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000007940.
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ObjectiveWe used magnetization transfer imaging to assess white matter tissue integrity in migraine, to explore whether white matter microstructure was more diffusely affected beyond visible white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), and to explore whether focal invisible microstructural changes precede visible focal WMHs in migraineurs.MethodsWe included 137 migraineurs (79 with aura, 58 without aura) and 74 controls from the Cerebral Abnormalities in Migraine, an Epidemiological Risk Analysis (CAMERA) study, a longitudinal population-based study on structural brain lesions in migraine patients, who were scanned at baseline and at a 9-year follow-up. To assess microstructural brain tissue integrity, baseline magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) values were calculated for whole brain white matter. Baseline MTR values were determined for areas of normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) that had progressed into MRI-detectable WMHs at follow-up and compared to MTR values of contralateral NAWM.ResultsMTR values for whole brain white matter did not differ between migraineurs and controls. In migraineurs, but not in controls, NAWM that later progressed to WMHs at follow-up had lower mean MTR (mean [SD] 0.354 [0.009] vs 0.356 [0.008], p = 0.047) at baseline as compared to contralateral white matter.ConclusionsWe did not find evidence for widespread microstructural white matter changes in migraineurs compared to controls. However, our findings suggest that a gradual or stepwise process might be responsible for evolution of focal invisible microstructural changes into focal migraine-related visible WMHs.
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Shahid, Syed Salman, Qiuting Wen, Shannon L. Risacher, Martin R. Farlow, Frederick W. Unverzagt, Liana G. Apostolova, Tatiana M. Foroud et al. "Hippocampal-subfield microstructures and their relation to plasma biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease". Brain, 12 de abril de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awac138.
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Abstract Hippocampal subfields exhibit differential vulnerabilities to Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-associated pathology including abnormal accumulation of beta-amyloid deposition and neurofibrillary tangles. These pathological processes extensively impact on the structural and functional interconnectivities of the subfields and may explain the association between hippocampal dysfunction and cognitive deficits. In the present study, we investigated the degree of alterations in the microstructure of hippocampal subfields across the clinical continuum of AD. We applied a gray matter (GM) specific multi-compartment diffusion model (Cortical-NODDI) to understand the differential effects of AD pathology on the hippocampal subfield microstructure. A total of 119 participants were included in this cross-sectional study. Participants were stratified into three categories, cognitively normal (CN; N = 47), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; N = 52), and AD (N = 19). Diffusion MRI, plasma biomarkers, and neuropsychological test scores were used to determine the association between the microstructural integrity and AD associated molecular indicators and cognition. For AD-related plasma biomarkers, we studied amyloid beta (Aβ), total tau (T-tau), and neurofilament light (NfL); for AD-related neuropsychological tests, we included the Trail Making Test (TMT), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Digit Span, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Comparisons between CN and MCI showed significant microstructural alterations in the hippocampal cornu ammonis (CA) 4 and dentate gyrus (DG) region, whereas CA1–3 was the most sensitive region for the later stages in the AD clinical continuum. Among imaging metrics for microstructures, the volume fraction of isotropic diffusion for interstitial free water demonstrated the largest effect size in between-group comparisons. Regarding the plasma biomarkers, NfL appeared to be the most sensitive biomarker for associations with microstructural imaging findings in CA4-DG. CA1–3 was the subfield which had stronger correlations between cognitive performance and microstructural metrics. Particularly, poor performance in RAVLT and MoCA was associated with decreased intracellular volume fraction. Overall, our findings support the value of tissue-specific microstructural imaging for providing pathologically relevant information manifesting in the plasma biomarkers and neuropsychological outcomes across various stages of AD.
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Lindhardt, Thomas Beck, Christian Stald Skoven, Luca Bordoni, Leif Østergaard, Zhifeng Liang y Brian Hansen. "Anesthesia‐related brain microstructure modulations detected by diffusion magnetic resonance imaging". NMR in Biomedicine, 15 de septiembre de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nbm.5033.
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AbstractRecent studies have shown significant changes to brain microstructure during sleep and anesthesia. In vivo optical microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have attributed these changes to anesthesia and sleep‐related modulation of the brain's extracellular space (ECS). Isoflurane anesthesia is widely used in preclinical diffusion MRI (dMRI) and it is therefore important to investigate if the brain's microstructure is affected by anesthesia to an extent detectable with dMRI. Here, we employ diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) to assess brain microstructure in the awake and anesthetized mouse brain (n = 22). We find both mean diffusivity (MD) and mean kurtosis (MK) to be significantly decreased in the anesthetized mouse brain compared with the awake state (p < 0.001 for both). This effect is observed in both gray matter and white matter. To further investigate the time course of these changes we introduce a method for time‐resolved fast DKI. With this, we show the time course of the microstructural alterations in mice (n = 5) as they transition between states in an awake‐anesthesia‐awake paradigm. We find that the decrease in MD and MK occurs rapidly after delivery of gas isoflurane anesthesia and that values normalize only slowly when the animals return to the awake state. Finally, time‐resolved fast DKI is employed in an experimental mouse model of brain edema (n = 4), where cell swelling causes the ECS volume to decrease. Our results show that isoflurane affects DKI parameters and metrics of brain microstructure and point to isoflurane causing a reduction in the ECS volume. The demonstrated DKI methods are suitable for in‐bore perturbation studies, for example, for investigating microstructural modulations related to sleep/wake‐dependent functions of the glymphatic system. Importantly, our study shows an effect of isoflurane anesthesia on rodent brain microstructure that has broad relevance to preclinical dMRI.
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Wang, Jiaojian, Zhengbo Wang, Hongjiang Zhang, Shufei Feng, Yi Lu, Shuang Wang, Hong Wang, Yi Eve Sun y Yongchang Chen. "White Matter Structural and Network Topological Changes Underlying the Behavioral Phenotype of MECP2 Mutant Monkeys". Cerebral Cortex, 12 de junio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhab166.
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Abstract To explore the brain structural basis underlying the behavioral abnormalities associated with Rett syndrome (RTT), we carried out detailed longitudinal noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging analyses of RTT monkey models created by gene-editing, from weaning, through adolescence, till sexual maturation. Here, we report abnormal developmental dynamics of brain white matter (WM) microstructures and network topological organizations via diffusion tensor imaging. Specifically, disrupted WM microstructural integrity was observed at 9 months, but recovered thereafter, whereas WM network topological properties showed persistent abnormal dynamics from 9 to 37 months. Changes in the WM microstructure and WM network topology were correlated well with RTT-associated behavioral abnormalities including sleep latency, environmental exploration, and conflict encounters. Deleterious and protracted early WM myelination process likely lead to abnormal synaptic pruning, resulting in poor functional segregations. Together, this study provides initial evidence for changes in WM microstructure and network topological organization, which may underlie the neuro-patho-etilogy of RTT.
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Bonaventura, Justina, Kellys Morara, Rhea Carlson, Courtney Comrie, Noelle Daigle, Elizabeth Hutchinson y Travis W. Sawyer. "Backscattering Mueller Matrix polarimetry on whole brain specimens shows promise for minimally invasive mapping of microstructural orientation features". Frontiers in Photonics 3 (9 de noviembre de 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphot.2022.1034739.
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Understanding microscale physiology and microstructural cellular features of the brain is key to understanding mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases and injury, as well as prominent changes undergone in development and aging. Non-invasive imaging modalities sensitive to the microscale, especially diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI), are promising for mapping of cellular microstructure of brain tissues; however, there is a need for robust validation techniques to verify and improve the biological accuracy of information derived. Recent advances in dMRI have moved toward probing of the more complex grey matter architecture, challenging current validation techniques, which are largely based on ex vivo staining and microscopy focusing on white matter. Polarized light imaging (PLI) has been shown to be successful for high resolution, direct, microstructural imaging and has been applied to dMRI validation with clear advantages over staining and microscopy techniques. Conventionally, PLI is applied to thin, sectioned samples in transmission mode, but PLI has also been extended to operate in reflectance mode to bridge the gap toward in vivo measurements of the brain. In this report we investigate the use of backscattering Mueller Matrix polarimetry to characterize the microstructural content of intact ferret brain specimens. The results show that backscattering polarimetry can probe white matter fiber coherence and fiber orientation, and show promise for probing grey matter microstructure. Ultimately, this motivates further study to fully understand how best to implement backscattering polarimetry for in vivo microstructural imaging of the brain.
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Shamir, Ittai, Yaniv Assaf y Ron Shamir. "Clustering the cortical laminae: in vivo parcellation". Brain Structure and Function, 9 de enero de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-023-02748-2.
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AbstractThe laminar microstructure of the cerebral cortex has distinct anatomical characteristics of the development, function, connectivity, and even various pathologies of the brain. In recent years, multiple neuroimaging studies have utilized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relaxometry to visualize and explore this intricate microstructure, successfully delineating the cortical laminar components. Despite this progress, T1 is still primarily considered a direct measure of myeloarchitecture (myelin content), rather than a probe of tissue cytoarchitecture (cellular composition). This study aims to offer a robust, whole-brain validation of T1 imaging as a practical and effective tool for exploring the laminar composition of the cortex. To do so, we cluster complex microstructural cortical datasets of both human (N = 30) and macaque (N = 1) brains using an adaptation of an algorithm for clustering cell omics profiles. The resulting cluster patterns are then compared to established atlases of cytoarchitectonic features, exhibiting significant correspondence in both species. Lastly, we demonstrate the expanded applicability of T1 imaging by exploring some of the cytoarchitectonic features behind various unique skillsets, such as musicality and athleticism.
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Sandgaard, Anders Dyhr, Valerij G. Kiselev, Rafael Neto Henriques, Noam Shemesh y Sune Nørhøj Jespersen. "Incorporating the effect of white matter microstructure in the estimation of magnetic susceptibility in ex vivo mouse brain". Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 29 de septiembre de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.29867.
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AbstractPurposeTo extend quantitative susceptibility mapping to account for microstructure of white matter (WM) and demonstrate its effect on ex vivo mouse brain at 16.4T.Theory and MethodsPrevious studies have shown that the MRI measured Larmor frequency also depends on local magnetic microstructure at the mesoscopic scale. Here, we include effects from WM microstructure using our previous results for the mesoscopic Larmor frequency of cylinders with arbitrary orientations. We scrutinize the validity of our model and QSM in a digital brain phantom including from a WM susceptibility tensor and biologically stored iron with scalar susceptibility. We also apply susceptibility tensor imaging to the phantom and investigate how the fitted tensors are biased from . Last, we demonstrate how to combine multi‐gradient echo and diffusion MRI images of ex vivo mouse brains acquired at 16.4T to estimate an apparent scalar susceptibility without sample rotations.ResultsOur new model improves susceptibility estimation compared to QSM for the brain phantom. Applying susceptibility tensor imaging to the phantom with from WM axons with scalar susceptibility produces a highly anisotropic susceptibility tensor that mimics results from previous susceptibility tensor imaging studies. For the ex vivo mouse brain we find the due to WM microstructure to be substantial, changing susceptibility in WM up to 25% root‐mean‐squared‐difference.Conclusion impacts susceptibility estimates and biases susceptibility tensor imaging fitting substantially. Hence, it should not be neglected when imaging structurally anisotropic tissue such as brain WM.
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Cotter, Devyn L., Anisa Azad, Ryan P. Cabeen, Mimi S. Kim, Mitchell E. Geffner, Farshid Sepehrband y Megan M. Herting. "White Matter Microstructural Differences in Youth With Classical Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 17 de julio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab520.
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Abstract Context Gray matter morphology in the prefrontal cortex and subcortical regions, including the hippocampus and amygdala, are affected in youth with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). It remains unclear if white matter connecting these aforementioned brain regions is compromised in youth with CAH. Objective To examine brain white matter microstructure in youth with CAH compared to controls. Design A cross-sectional sample of 23 youths with CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (12.9 ± 3.5 year; 61% female) and 33 healthy controls (13.1 ± 2.8 year; 61% female) with 3T multishell diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance brain scans. Main Outcome Measures Complementary modeling approaches, including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), to examine in vivo white matter microstructure in six white matter tracts that innervate the prefrontal and subcortical regions. Results DTI showed CAH youth had lower fractional anisotropy in both the fornix and stria terminalis and higher mean diffusivity in the fornix compared to controls. NODDI modeling revealed that CAH youth have a significantly higher orientation dispersion index in the stria terminalis compared to controls. White matter microstructural integrity was associated with smaller hippocampal and amygdala volumes in CAH youth. Conclusions These patterns of microstructure reflect less restricted water diffusion likely due to less coherency in oriented microstructure. These results suggest that white matter microstructural integrity in the fornix and stria terminalis is compromised and may be an additional related brain phenotype alongside affected hippocampus and amygdala neurocircuitry in individuals with CAH.
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He, Jianglin y Yuanjun Wang. "Superficial white matter microstructural imaging method based on time-space fractional-order diffusion". Physics in Medicine & Biology, 23 de febrero de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ad2ca1.
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Abstract Objective. Microstructure imaging based on diffusion magnetic resonance signal is an advanced imaging technique that enables in vivo mapping of the brain’s microstructure. Superficial white matter (SWM) plays an important role in brain development, maturation, and aging, while fewer microstructure imaging methods address the superficial white matter due to its complexity. Therefore, this study aims to develop a diffusion propagation model to investigate the microstructural characteristics of the SWM region. Approach. In this paper, we hypothesize that the effect of cell membrane permeability and the water exchange between soma and dendrites cannot be neglected for typical clinical diffusion times (20ms<t<80ms). We then use SpinDoctor to simulate the diffusion magnetic resonance signals of real neurons and propose a time-space fractional-order diffusion model for SWM microstructure imaging. We evaluate the validity regime of our model using numerical simulations and compare the model parameters with several state-of-the-art methods. Main results. By analyzing the simulation signals of real neuronal cells as well as diffusion magnetic resonance data from the brains of fourteen healthy human subjects, we find that the time-space fractional-order diffusion model can be used to capture the structural complexity of the tissue, indirectly through the association of time fractional exponents with restricted diffusion and space fractional exponents with perfusion and membrane permeability. Significance. The results show that the diffusion propagation model can provide new insights into the tissue architecture of the superficial white matter.
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Dobos, Dóra, Gyöngyi Kökönyei, Gyula Gyebnár, Edina Szabó, Natália Kocsel, Attila Galambos, Kinga Gecse, Dániel Baksa, Lajos R. Kozák y Gabriella Juhász. "Microstructural differences in migraine: A diffusion-tensor imaging study". Cephalalgia 43, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03331024231216456.
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Background Diffusion-tensor imaging can be applied to describe the microstructural integrity of the whole brain. As findings about microstructural alterations in migraine are inconsistent, we aimed to replicate the most frequent results and assess a relationship between migraine parameters and changes in microstructure. Methods Diffusion-weighted MRI data of 37 migraine patients and 40 controls were collected. Two indices of diffusion of water molecules, fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity were used in a voxel-wise analysis. Group comparisons were carried out in SPM12 using age and sex as covariates. Statistically significant results survived family-wise error correction (pFWE < 0.05). Migraine intensity, frequency, and duration were self-reported and correlated with mean fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity values across clusters. Results Migraine patients showed significantly lower fractional anisotropy in occipital regions, and significantly higher fractional anisotropy in thirteen clusters across the brain. Mean diffusivity of migraine patients was significantly decreased in the cerebellum and pons, but it was not increased in any area. Correlation between migraine duration and fractional anisotropy was significantly positive in the frontal cortex and significantly negative in the superior parietal lobule. Conclusion We suggest that microstructural integrity of the migraine brain is impaired in visual areas and shows duration-related alterations in regions of the default mode network.
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Meng, Linghui, Tong Shan, Kaiming Li y Qiyong Gong. "Long-term tract-specific white matter microstructural changes after acute stress". Brain Imaging and Behavior, 11 de septiembre de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11682-020-00380-w.
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Abstract Acute stress has substantial impact on white matter microstructure of people exposed to trauma. Its long-term consequence and how the brain changes from the stress remain unclear. In this study, we address this issue via diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Twenty-two trauma-exposed individuals who did not meet post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnostic criteria were recruited from the most affected area of Wenchuan earthquake and scanned twice (within twenty-five days and two years after the quake, respectively). Their emotional distress was evaluated with the Self-Rating Anxiety/Depression Scales (SAS/SDS) at both scans. Automatic fiber quantification was used to examine brain microstructure alterations. Correlation analyses were also conducted to investigate relationships between brain microstructure changes and symptom improvement. A group of demographically matched healthy controls (N = 22) from another project were scanned once before the quake using the same imaging protocols as used with trauma-exposed non-PTSD (TENP) participants. Two years after the earthquake, TENP individuals exhibited significantly reduced FA in the parietal portion of left superior longitudinal fasciculus and high FA in the parietal portion of left corticospinal tract. Over the follow-up, increased FA of the left uncinate fasciculus and the left corticospinal tract with parallel reduction of SAS and SDS were observed in TENP. No significant association was found between brain microstructure changes and symptom improvement. These results indicate changes in WM microstructure integrity of TENP brains parallel with symptom improvement over time after acute stress. However, the change would be a long-term process without external intervention.
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Wei, Ying, Caihong Wang, Jingchun Liu, Peifang Miao, Sen Wei, Yingying Wang, Luobing Wu et al. "Widespread White Matter Microstructure Alterations Based on Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging in Patients With Pontine Infarction". Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 13 (15 de diciembre de 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.758236.
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Neurological deficits after stroke are closely related to white matter microstructure damage. However, secondary changes in white matter microstructure after pontine infarction (PI) in the whole brain remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the correlation of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI)-derived diffusion and kurtosis parameters of abnormal white matter tracts with behavioral function in patients with chronic PI. Overall, 60 patients with unilateral chronic PI (33 patients with left PI and 27 patients with right PI) and 30 normal subjects were recruited and underwent DKI scans. Diffusion parameters derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and DKI and kurtosis parameters derived from DKI were obtained. Between-group differences in multiple parameters were analyzed to assess the changes in abnormal white matter microstructure. Moreover, we also calculated the sensitivities of different diffusion and kurtosis parameters of DTI and DKI for identifying abnormal white matter tracts. Correlations between the DKI-derived parameters in secondary microstructure changes and behavioral scores in the PI were analyzed. Compared with the NC group, both left PI and right PI groups showed more extensive perilesional and remote white matter microstructure changes. The DKI-derived diffusion parameters showed higher sensitivities than did the DTI-derived parameters. Further, DKI-derived diffusion and kurtosis parameters in abnormal white matter regions were correlated with impaired motor and cognitive function in patients with PI. In conclusion, PI could lead to extensive white matter tracts impairment in perilesional and remote regions. Further, the diffusion and kurtosis parameters could be complementary for identifying comprehensive tissue microstructural damage after PI.
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Li, Zhaolong, Amjad Samara, Mary Katherine Ray, Jerrel Rutlin, Cyrus A. Raji, Joshua S. Shimony, Peng Sun, Sheng-Kwei Song, Tamara Hershey y Sarah A. Eisenstein. "Childhood obesity is linked to putative neuroinflammation in brain white matter, hypothalamus, and striatum". Cerebral Cortex Communications, 2 de mayo de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/texcom/tgad007.
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Abstract Neuroinflammation is both a consequence and driver of overfeeding and weight gain in rodent obesity models. Advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enable investigations of brain microstructure that suggests neuroinflammation in human obesity. To assess the convergent validity across MRI techniques and extend previous findings, we used diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) to characterize obesity-associated alterations in brain microstructure in 601 children (age 9–11 years) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study. Compared to children with normal-weight, greater DBSI restricted fraction (RF), reflecting neuroinflammation-related cellularity, was seen in widespread white matter in children with overweight and obesity. Greater DBSI-RF in hypothalamus, caudate nucleus, putamen, and, in particular, nucleus accumbens, correlated with higher baseline body mass index (BMI) and related anthropometrics. Comparable findings were seen in the striatum with a previously reported restriction spectrum imaging (RSI) model. Gain in waist circumference over one and two years related, at nominal significance, to greater baseline RSI-assessed restricted diffusion in nucleus accumbens and caudate nucleus, and DBSI-RF in hypothalamus, respectively. Here we demonstrate that childhood obesity is associated with microstructural alterations in white matter, hypothalamus, and striatum. Our results also support the reproducibility, across MRI methods, of findings of obesity-related putative neuroinflammation in children.