Literatura académica sobre el tema "Botany Bay Region"

Terrestrial sedimentary rocks at Hope Bay, northern Graham Land are well known for their diverse but poorly-preserved fossil flora, previously assigned ages ranging from Early Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. The beds form part of the Botany Bay Group, which comprises several outcrops of terrestrial sediments in northern Graham Land and the South Orkney Islands. A latest Jurassic or earliest Cretaceous age for the Hope Bay plant bearing sequence (and by extension for the rest of the Botany Bay Group) has been adopted in most recent publications dealing with Mesozoic volcanic arc evolution and palaeogeography of the northern Antarctic Peninsula region. New evidence, based upon the study of extensive collections of previously undescribed fossil plants from Hope Bay and nearby Botany Bay, indicates that they should be assigned an Early Jurassic age. The new palaeobotanical findings, combined with recently-published radiometric data from overlying volcanic sequences, show that a Cretaceous age is no longer tenable for these floras nor, therefore, for the Botany Bay Group in Graham Land. Interpretations of Mesozoic volcanic arc evolution and palaeogeography in this region are revised accordingly.

A total of 155 species and 75 genera were found at marine sediments in Sydney region (Australia) and are described using light microscopy: 117 species at Port Botany, 111 species at Kogarah Bay, 94 species at Woolooware Bay, 126 species at Quibray Bay, 74 species at Avoca beach, 48 species at Watsons Bay. The records include accounts of 15 unidentified taxa and two new taxa: Eoramonas jungensis sp. nov. (Eoramonas gen. nov.), Protaspa flexibilis sp. nov. Most flagellates described here have been found at other locations worldwide, but many species not reported from any other locations. I am unable to assess if these species are endemic because of the lack of intensive studies elsewhere. However, these results suggest that the flagellate communities from Botany Bay are distinctive.

AbstractThere are marked declines in precipitation, mean temperatures and the number of lichen species with increasing latitude in Antarctica. However, it is not known which factors are the predominant controllers of biodiversity changes. Results are presented from over two years of almost continuous monitoring of both microclimate and activity in lichens at Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, 62°S, and Botany Bay, Ross Sea region, 77°S. Lichen activity was evident over a much longer period at Livingston Island, (3694 versus 897 hours) and could occur in any month whereas it was almost completely confined to the period November–February at Botany Bay. Mean air temperatures were much lower at Botany Bay (-18° compared to -1.5°C at Livingston Island), but the temperatures at which the lichens were active were almost identical at around 2°C at both sites. When the lichens were active incident light at Botany Bay was very much higher. The differences are related to the availability of meltwater which only occurs at times of high light and warm temperatures at Botany Bay. Temperature as a direct effect does not seem to explain the differences in biodiversity between the sites, but an indirect effect through active hours is much more probable. In addition there are negative effects of stresses such as high light and extreme winter cold at Botany Bay.

Prorocentrum minimum is a species of marine dinoflagellate that occurs worldwide and can be responsible for harmful algal blooms (HABs). Some studies have reported it to produce tetrodotoxin; however, results have been inconsistent. qPCR and molecular barcoding (amplicon sequencing) using high-throughput sequencing have been increasingly applied to quantify HAB species for ecological analyses and monitoring. Here, we isolated a strain of P. minimum from eastern Australian waters, where it commonly occurs, and developed and validated a qPCR assay for this species based on a region of ITS rRNA in relation to abundance estimates from the cultured strain as determined using light microscopy. We used this tool to quantify and examine ecological drivers of P. minimum in Botany Bay, an estuary in southeast Australia, for over ~14 months in 2016–2017. We compared abundance estimates using qPCR with those obtained using molecular barcoding based on an 18S rRNA amplicon. There was a significant correlation between the abundance estimates from amplicon sequencing and qPCR, but the estimates from light microscopy were not significantly correlated, likely due to the counting method applied. Using amplicon sequencing, ~600 unique actual sequence variants (ASVs) were found, much larger than the known phytoplankton diversity from this region. P. minimum abundance in Botany Bay was found to be significantly associated with lower salinities and higher dissolved CO2 levels.

AbstractThe diversity of lichens, especially crustose species, in continental Antarctica is still poorly known. To overcome difficulties with the morphology based species delimitations in these groups, we employed molecular data (nuclear ITS and mitochondrial SSU rDNA sequences) to test species boundaries within the genus Lecidea. Sampling was done along a north–south transect at five different areas in the Ross Sea region (Cape Hallett, Botany Bay to Mount Suess, Taylor Valley, Darwin Area and Mount Kyffin). A total of 153 specimens were collected from 13 localities. Phylogenetic analyses also include specimens from other regions in Antarctica and non-Antarctic areas. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses agreed in placing the samples from continental Antarctica into four major groups. Based on this phylogenetic estimate, we restudied the micromorphology and secondary chemistry of these four clades to evaluate the use of these characters as phylogenetic discriminators. These clades are identified as the following species Lecidea cancriformis, L. andersonii as well as the new species L. polypycnidophora Ruprecht & Türk sp. nov. and another previously unnamed clade of uncertain status, referred to as Lecidea sp. (L. UCR1).

Viktor Antonovich Gavrilyuk (21.01.1928–26.11.2005) was a specialist in biology of plants of the Far North, by the will of the fate, devoted the most of his life to teaching activities. Saved personal diaries show how forming of an extraordinary personality occurred, overcoming the difficulties of life and study in the difficult war and post-war years, in Shadrinsk Agricultural Technical School, Kurgan Agricultural Institute at first, and then at Uman Agricultural Institute. The teachers of V. A. were competent people, devoted to their work: Vera Platonovna Kushnirenko, Nikolai Mikhailovich Voskresensky, Valentin Fedo­rovich Nikolaev, Simon Samoylovich Rubin and many other specialists who managed to inspire the young man with the sciences about nature. Entering post graduate school of the Komarov Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (BIN) led a young talented researcher to Chukotka, where he conducted stationary field works in 1956–1958 under the guidance by Boris Anatolyevich Tikhomirov, the Professor. V. A. Gavrilyuk studied the flora of the environs of Providence Bay, Chaplinskie hot springs, islands of Arakamchechen, Mechigmen Bay, Senyavin Strait, Senyavin and Lorino hot springs. Scrupulous field research in harsh conditions of the north-east of the Chukotka Peninsula, laboratory processing of extensive personal herbarium collections (used subsequently for the fundamental edition «Arctic flora of the USSR» allowed V. A. Gavrilyuk to defend successfully his dissertation for the degree of the Candidate of Biological Sciences in 1962 (Gavrilyuk,1962). V. A., being one of the stuff of the Laboratory of Vegetation of the Far North (BIN), took part in botanical researches of the Koryak highland not far from the villages of Kultushnoye and Tilichiki, as well as in the Korfa Bay in the Koryaksky National District of Kamchatka territory in 1960. In 1961, he conducted phenological and eco-biomorphological studies at the Biological Station “Sivaya Maska” and visited the Rayiz mountain in the Polar Ural. Besides the observation kept in field diaries and herbarium, V. A. left watercolour pictures depicting amazing plants, some of which, made on Ladoga station of Leningrad State University, have been saved (Chorna et al., 2017, 2018). After moving to Uman, more than forty years V. A. worked at first as a teacher and as an Assistant Professor and at last as the Head of the Department of Botany of Uman Agricultural Institute. He took over the leadership of the collection botanical nursery from his former teacher V. F. Nikolaev. Plans of the botanical nursery of 1964–1982, lists of seeds prepared for exchange (Index seminum) (Gavrilyuk, Romanshchak, 1978) indicated about a rich collection. In fact, the floristical nursery was a regional botanical garden cooperated with Moscow, Leningrad, Tallinn, Tartus, Nikitsky, Yerevan botanical gardens, he sent plant seeds to amateur growers. Working in Uman city, V. A. continued extensive correspondence beginning in the Leningrad period. There were letters and cards of famous scientists addressed to him: Viktor Viktorovich Mazing, Alf Erling Porsild (Porsild, 1957), Doris Benta Maria and Askell Löve, Lawrence and Gweneth Bliss, Nora Korli. V. A. published, by modern standards, not so many works, but they continue to be cited after a half of century. The fact that Chukotka is floristically one of the most studied region of the world is also a part of his activity. Published diaries of the young scientist can serve as a test for the applicability of beginning researchers of the nature: are they ready for the kind of devotion that was characteristic for V. A. Gavrilyuk.

In this article, I report on results of a Matched Guise Tests (MGT) study investigating attitudes towards Bohtan (BHKr) and Maraş Kurmanji (MRKr) spoken among the UK diaspora. I focus on BHKr, which I use to refer to the Kurmanji that is identified as “good Kurmanji”, also referred to as “academic”/ “proper”, and MRKr to refer to the Kurmanji that is referred to as “bad Kurmanji” by Kurmanji speakers in the UK. The MGT, and questions pertaining to perceptual dialectology such as respondents’ perceptions of region, religion, gender and class in this study, show that attitudes towards what is perceived as BHKr and MRKr differ significantly. By concentrating on language attitudes towards Kurmanji which have never been studied in the UK context before, this paper investigates negative and positive evaluations of both BHKr and MRKr in relation to religious affiliation. Abstract In Kurmanji Helwêstên zimanî û dîn: Kurdên elewî li Ingiltereyê Di vê gotarê de encamên taqîkirineke bi rêya testa "matched guise" li ser helwêstên beramber kurmanciya Botan û ya Mereşê li nav endamên diasporaya Ingiltereyê hatine pêşkêşkirin. Her du devokên kurmanciyê yên Botan û Mereşê hatine nirxandin, ku li nav axêverên kurmanciyê li Ilgiltereyê (Yilmaz, 2018) devoka Botan li beramber "kurmanciya baş" an jî "akademîk" tê danîn û kurmanciya Mereşê jî wek "kurmanciya xerab" tê danîn. Testê û pirsyarên li ser devoknasiya sehkî (perceptual dialectology), wek seh û nezera beşdaran li ser dever, dîn, cinsiyet û çînê di vê xebatê de nîşan didin ku sehên axêveran derheq kurmanciya Botan û Mereşê bi rengekî girîng ji hev cuda ne. Bi rêya hûrbûna li ser helwêstên zimanî beramber kurmanciyê, ku heta niha qet nehatiye vekolîn li Ilgiltereyê, ev gotar berê xwe dide tehlîla nirxandinên erênî û nerênî yên li ser devokên Botan û Mereşê di warê aîdiyeta dînî de. Abstract in Sorani Hellwêstî zmanî û ayîn: 'Elewîye Kurdekan le Şanşîne Yekgirtuwekan Lem wtareda ew twêjîneweye radegeyenim ke ‏Matched Guise Testis ‎‏ ‏‎(MiGT) ‎î bo lêkollînewe le ‏hellwêstî Kurmancî ‏axêwerekanî Bohtan ‏‎(BiHKir)‎‏ we Maraş ‏‎(MiRKir) ‎‏ le naw dayesporay ‏şanşîne yekgirtuwekanda. ‏Min terkîzm xistote ser (‏‎(BiHKir‎, bo amaje dan bew kirmancaney ‏bekardênim ke be "kurmancî ‏baş" nasrawn, herweha wek "ekadîmî"/"lebar" amajeyan ‏pêdrawe, we ‏‎(MiRKir)‎‏ bo ew kurmancaney ke be ‏‏"kurmancî xrap" lelayen kurmancye ‏axêwerekanî şanşînî berîtana amajeyan pê dedrêt (‏‎(Yilmaz, 2018‎‏.)‏‎ (MIGT)‎‏ legell ‏pirsyarekanî peywest be pey birdin be zansitî zarawekan, bo nmûne sernicî ‏wellamgokanî naw ‏em twêjîneweye bo nawçe, ayîn, regez û çîn, ewe pîşandeden ke hewlliwêstekan ‏derbarey ‏ewaney ke be ‏‎(BiHKir)‎‏ û be ‏‎(MiRKir)‎‏ debînrên zor cyawazn. Be terkîz kirdne ser ‏hellwêste zmanîyekan ‏derbarey kurmancî ke hergîz pêştir le şanşîne yekgirtuwekan dîrase ‏nekrawe , em babete ‏lêkollînewe le hellsengandne erênî û nerênîyekanî heryek le ‏‎(BiHKir)‎‏ û ‏‎(MiRKir)‎‏ le peywend be ‏întîmay dînî dekat. Abstract in Zazaki Tewrê ziwanî û dîn: kurdê elewî yê Qiralîya Yewbîyayîye Ez na meqale de netîceyanê cigêrayîşê Testanê Seypêkerdeyan ê Guiseyî (MGT) ke derheqê tewranê ziwanî yê kurmancîya Botanî (BHKr) û Mereşî (MRKr) yê ke dîyasporaya Qiralîya Yewbîyayîye de qesey benê, înan analîz kena. Ez giranî dana BHKr ser ke hetê qiseykerdoxanê kurmancî yê Qiralîya Yewbîyaye sey “kurmancîya rinde” yan zî “kurmancîya akademîke/raşte” hesibnîyena, û MRK ser ke sey “kurmancîya xirabine” hesibnîyena (Yilmaz, 2018). MGT û persê ke derheqê dîyalektolojîya îdrakîye de yê, sey dîyayîşê îdrakkerdoxan yê herêm, dîn, cinsîyet û sinife ke na meqale de ca girewto, ê musnenê ke tewrê înan ê hemverê BHKr û MRK yewbînan ra zaf cîya yê. Pê giranîdayîşê tewranê zimanî yê hemverê kurmancî ser, ke heta nika ê tewran ser o Qiralîya Yewbîyayîye de qet cigêrayîş nêameyo kerdene, na xebate erjnayîşanê BHRr û MRKr yê pozîtîf û negatîfan goreyê têkilîya xo ya dînî analîz kena.

The botanic genera Pistacia are groups around een species of shrubs that belong to the Anacardiaceae family which is believed to have originated in Asian or Mediterranean region. P. len scus is abundant species of the Pistacia genus encountered in the forest region of Ouarsenis mount (Northwest of Algeria), exactly in the na onal park of Thniet El Had in the Wilaya of Tissemsilt in Algeria. In the present study, chemical composi on and an bac- terial ac vi es of essential oil (EO) of P. lentiscus were evaluated. The EO was isolated and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC- MS). The minimum inhibitory concentra on (MIC) was determined using 6 strains of Gram-positive and negative bacteria. The antibiogram was made following the gliosis-environment diffusion method and which makes it possible to determinate bacteria’s sensibility to an bio cs. From a exponential culture (18 to 24 hours), a bacterial suspension was prepared and well- homogenized a erwards. The opacity was adjusted equivalent to 0.5 McF (McFarland). Based on the GC-MS analysis, thirty five compounds representing 100 % of the total oil composi on were iden ed. The essen al oils could be explored to test their an microbial activity, especially against some bacteria that cause alimentary intoxications. The results revealed that the essen al oil exhibited strong levels of an bacterial activity against the tested microorganism regarding the MIC values, Salmonella sp was found to be the most sensitive strain (inhibition zone 23cm MIC 1.25%). Based on the findings of the present study, new an bacterial agents could be developed, and the use of P. lentiscus should be promoted in the traditional treatment of ailments.

Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) have recently become an important alternative crop in different ecological regions of Argentina. In surveys, a new disease characterized by leaf spots and twig and shoot blight has been observed on plants cultivated in Arrecifes, Mercedes, and San Pedro (provinces of Buenos Aires) and Concordia (province of Entre Ríos) since July 2004. Spots initially appear brown, circular, 1 to 2 mm in diameter, and irregularly distributed on the leaves and they eventually coalesce. Fruiting twig and shoot blight developed from the tips toward the base. Affected plants of cvs. O'Neal and Reveille were distributed randomly in the field and with a low incidence (average of 2%). The objective of this work was to identify the causal agent of this disease. Symptomatic plant material was surface disinfested with 0.2% NaOCl for 1 min and 70% ethanol for 1 min, washed once with sterile distilled water, blotted dry with paper towels, and plated on potato dextrose agar. Colonies were initially white, becoming light to dark gray with the onset of sporulation with black, sphaerical to subsphaerical conidia that measured 14 to 19 × 12 to 16 μm. These characteristics agree with published descriptions of Nigrospora sphaerica (Sacc.) Mason (1,4). To evaluate pathogenicity, all leaves, petioles, and stems of seven healthy potted plants of cv. O'Neal were punctured with flamed needles and sprayed with a suspension of 1 × 108 spores of the fungus per milliliter of sterile distilled water. Another seven nonwounded plants were sprayed with the spore suspension. Seven plants similarly injured and seven nonwounded plants were sprayed with sterile distilled water and served as controls. Each plant was covered with a water-sprayed polyethylene bag and maintained in a controlled environment chamber at 20°C with a 12-h photoperiod. The bags were removed after 3 days. All wounded inoculated plants began to show disease symptoms similar to those observed in the field 20 days after inoculation. Controls and nonwounded inoculated plants remained symptomless. The pathogen was reisolated from diseased tissues fulfilling Koch's postulates. N. sphaerica is a well-known saprophyte on many plant species but has been mentioned as pathogen on many hosts (2,3). To our knowledge, this is the first reference of N. sphaerica as a wound pathogen of blueberry. In the field, the fungus would have gained access to the plant through wounds caused by insects or frost after a long-term wetness duration. References: (1) M. B. Ellis. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. CMI, Kew, Surrey, UK, 1971. (2) D. F. Farr et al. Fungi on Plants and Plant Products in the United States. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1989. (3) D. F. Farr et al. Fungal Databases. Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory. Online publication. ARS, USDA. 2007. (4) E. W. Mason. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 12:152, 1927.

Rapid urbanization rates impact significantly on the nature of Land Cover patterns of the environment, which has been evident in the depletion of vegetal reserves and in general modifying the human climatic systems (Henderson, et al., 2017; Kumar, Masago, Mishra, & Fukushi, 2018; Luo and Lau, 2017). This study explores remote sensing classification technique and other auxiliary data to determine LULCC for a period of 50 years (1967-2016). The LULCC types identified were quantitatively evaluated using the change detection approach from results of maximum likelihood classification algorithm in GIS. Accuracy assessment results were evaluated and found to be between 56 to 98 percent of the LULC classification. The change detection analysis revealed change in the LULC types in Minna from 1976 to 2016. Built-up area increases from 74.82ha in 1976 to 116.58ha in 2016. Farmlands increased from 2.23 ha to 46.45ha and bared surface increases from 120.00ha to 161.31ha between 1976 to 2016 resulting to decline in vegetation, water body, and wetlands. The Decade of rapid urbanization was found to coincide with the period of increased Public Private Partnership Agreement (PPPA). Increase in farmlands was due to the adoption of urban agriculture which has influence on food security and the environmental sustainability. The observed increase in built up areas, farmlands and bare surfaces has substantially led to reduction in vegetation and water bodies. The oscillatory nature of water bodies LULCC which was not particularly consistent with the rates of urbanization also suggests that beyond the urbanization process, other factors may influence the LULCC of water bodies in urban settlements. Keywords: Minna, Niger State, Remote Sensing, Land Surface Characteristics References Akinrinmade, A., Ibrahim, K., & Abdurrahman, A. (2012). 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Two species of mountain ash (Sorbus decora and S. americana) distributed in Eeyou Istchee (James Bay, Quebec) were assessed for differences in their DNA, gene expression and antioxidant capacity to determine if environment or genetic variation contributed to previously observed differences in medicinal, and possibly antidiabetic, activity. Samples of both species were taken from 20 populations throughout Eeyou Istchee. Quantitative real time PCR analysis showed species and tissue specific expression for two likely antidiabetic genes. Significantly higher expression was observed in samples from coastal communities, along with increasing expression with latitude. Similar patterns were observed when antioxidant capacity of bark samples were tested using ORAC and DPPH assays. Analysis of genetic differences using nuclear microsatellites did not show significant structuring among populations. These results suggest that it is not genetic dissimilarities which led to these differences, but likely plants responding to immediate stresses in their environment.
Deux espèces de sorbiers (Sorbus decora et S. americana) sont réparties dans Eeyou Istchee (Baie James: Québec). Elles ont été évaluées pour leurs similarités dans leur ADN, leur expression génique et leurs propriétés antioxydantes afin de déterminer si l'environnement ou la génétique contribue aux différences déjà observées dans l'activité médicinale des sorbiers. Des échantillons de vingt populations ont été récoltés à travers Eeyou Istchee. Les analyses de PCR en temps réel ont démontré que l'expression de deux gènes liés à des métabolites secondaires était spécifique aux espèces et aux tissus. Une expression plus élevée a été observée dans les échantillons en provenance des communautés côtières et avec la latitude. L'analyse de la capacité antioxydante a démontré des patrons similaires. L'analyse des différences génétiques à l'aide de microsatellites n'a pas révélé de groupes bien délimités. Ces résultats suggèrent que ces différences sont liées à la réponse des plantes au stress immédiat provenant de leur environnement.

This thesis examines community structure of cliff-top coastal heathlands in Botany Bay National Park, Sydney. Community properties of floristic composition, structure and species richness are investigated. This investigation is made in order to assess the justification for contemporary pre-emphasis in local studies on individual community properties. It is also made in order to assess the relative and independent contributions of individual properties to variance in overall community structure. It is also made in order to assess the relative utility of multi-property classifications in summarising community structure of cliff-top coastal heathlands. First, the presence of determinable structure in each property is assessed through multivariate classification of respective data sets. Secondly, a new model of community structure is developed in which the hypothesis that community structure is a function of common (shared) and independent (unique) variance in each of the three properties is assessed. This is achieved through application of variance partitioning using correspondence analysis techniques. Thirdly, a matrix combining variance in all three properties is classified. This classification is compared with those of individual properties in order to assess the hypothesis that more ecologically cohesive classifications than those of single properties are obtainable. The ecological significance (environmental relativity) of all classifications and variance components is assessed through examination of relationships with variance in 20 environmental factors which encompass variation in maritime factors, soil physical factors, soil nutrition factors and effects of time since fire. Classifications of individual properties showed the presence of determinable structure in each. Eleven floristic complexes, nine structural complexes and eighteen species richness complexes were recognised. Nineteen community complexes were recognised from the classification of the combined property matrix. All complexes were shown to differ significantly with respect to multiple environmental factors. Variance partitioning showed the presence of both independent and common variance components with respect to properties compared pairwise. These were all shown to differ in magnitude. Examination of environmental correlates showed ecological differentiation of all properties and most variance components. Maritime and fire factors provide a major axis of environmental differentiation for most properties and variance components. A second major axis was resolved with respect to physical soil factors. With the exception of variance in species richness, major soil nutrients were generally of secondary importance to community structure. Low soil nutrients may demarcate heathlands from other vegetation types. However, this study shows elevated importance of other major areas of environment for community structure within cliff-top coastal heathlands. Comparisons of environmental homogeneity characteristics between all classification systems showed the classification of the combined property matrix to be more ecologically robust than those of structure or species richness. Homogeneity characteristics of the combined classification remained statistically inseparable from that of floristic composition. However, studies provided some evidence suggesting greater robustness of the combined classification with regard to fine-scale variance in community structure. This thesis shows that variance in all major community properties of the studied vegetation to be of ecological significance. It also shows that this significance is differential with respect to properties and their variance components. Pre-emphasis on individual properties in syntheses of local systems thus involves the loss of ecological information. I thus conclude that if adequate ecological syntheses of cliff-top coastal heathlands are to be obtained which are appropriate to their scale of distribution and functioning in the Sydney area then inclusion of attributes of multiple properties is required. Equally, multiple sources of environmental variation need to be examined.

The goal of this chapter is to reconstruct the socioeconomic impact that Inca rule had on the Chachapoya and the geographic landscape they inhabited. By using different lines of evidence, including archaeology and ethnohistory, supplemented with botanic and bioarchaeological data, this chapter explores the complex relations that the Inca established with the rebellious Chachapoya. Located at the crossroads between the western Andes and the eastern lowlands in northeastern Peru, this region provided unique resources to the Inca Empire. This chapter also offers an overview of the Inca imperial installations, and the importance of the Inca road in integrating this distant territory.

As a scientist, the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program has been on my mind for more than three decades. As an educator, I have served in the classroom for 41 years. The merger of the physical and the ecological sciences was at the core of my teaching philosophy. As a science communicator, I informed the general public on issues of climate and climate change. As a collaborator, I found that understanding strengths and weaknesses in collaborative partnerships best ensures success. As a science leader, I served at the National Science Foundation (NSF) as the Director of the Division of Environmental Biology (DEB), established the Schoolyard LTER Program, and launched the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON). My disciplinary background includes formal graduate education at the University of Wisconsin in meteorology, climatology, and paleoclimatology, as well as in oceanography and biology (mycology, botany, zoology, and genecology). As a postdoctoral fellow, my scientific identity was on track to culminate as a paleoclimatologist. As an assistant and associate professor, my identity morphed to include coastal geomorphology (Hayden et al. 1995). Finally, my experiences in the LTER program have vectored my career toward the interactions of climate and vegetation (Hayden 1998). My affiliation is with the Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR) site in the LTER program (1986–2014). As one of the founding principal investigators of the VCR site, I have served in subsequent renewals as its principal or co-principal investigator. Our site-based research plan focused on the Virginia Coast Reserve on Virginia’s eastern shore with a focus on the dynamics of the chain of 14 barrier islands, bounded by the entrance to the Chesapeake Bay to the south and Assateague Barrier Island to the north. This peninsula is 100 km in length by 20 km in width. Only the islands fronting the Mississippi delta are more dynamic in both the temporal and spatial domains. Prior to joining the LTER program, my research was hemispheric to regional in scope, and it focused on the environmental dynamics of the Atlantic Coast from Florida to Cape Cod at 50-m intervals (Fenster and Hayden 2007).