Tesis sobre el tema "Botanical chemistry"
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Bonetti, Sandra J. "Studies on the isolation and biotransformation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and related bioactive compounds". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30244.
Texto completoBriars, Sally-Anne. "The calmodulin stimulated ATPase of Zea mays L". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:afa92f78-633d-4ae5-8cf5-37ac077acab2.
Texto completoMostafa, Wael M. Abdel-Mageed. "Investigations of secondary metabolites from marine organisms". Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources. Online version available for University member only until Sep. 1, 2014, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=53365.
Texto completoTan, Lor-Wai. "Biochemical aspects of self-incompatibility in Petunia hybrida". Title page, Contents and Summary only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09at161.pdf.
Texto completoKing, Douglas Iain. "Kangaroo Island Propolis: Improved Characterisation and Assessment of Chemistry and Botanical Origins through Metabolomics". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17080.
Texto completoWILSON, HEATHER-ANNE MARIE. "OPTIMIZING THE RELEASE OF BOTANICAL INGREDIENTS FROM ANTIPERSPIRANTS/DEODORANTS". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1069796149.
Texto completoLogie, Catherine Gwynedd. "The pyrrolizidine alkaloids of Senecio chrysocoma and Senecio paniculatus". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005000.
Texto completoChan, Kwok-yin. "A review on the effects of ginsenoside on cardiovascular diseases and the phytochemistry of ginsenoside extracts from panax notoginseng". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23424886.
Texto completoMousa, Souad Abd. "Photochemistry of β-carbolines and azine dyes in solution and colloidal systems". Thesis, Swansea University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678433.
Texto completoUlbrik, Teresa Yolanda Lustosa. "Cellulolytic fermentation by clostridium thermocellum". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10027.
Texto completoGrue, Margaret Ruth. "A study of the alkaloid content of the Senecio speciosus/Macrocephalus complex". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005027.
Texto completoLogie, Malcolme Ronald Ruxton. "Photosynthetic gas exchange responses to light, temperature, carbon dioxide and water stress, and changes in photosynthetic pigments to light and water stress in two cultivars of Hordeum vulgare L". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003779.
Texto completoChen, Zewei. "Authentication of Complex Botanical Materials by Chemometrics and Chemical Profiling". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1617010785195628.
Texto completoSwartz, Vuyiswa Gladys. "Phytochemical studies of Helichrysum patulum". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3651_1189147447.
Texto completoSince Helichrysum is known by the indigenous people of Africa for therapeutic properties, such as against colds, flu and wounds, the aim of this study was to focus on the patulum species found predominantly in the Western Cape region of South Africa and by means of isolation and identification of the plant constituents, be able to relate the therapeutic activity on the basis of literature precedents, to the compounds extracted.
Burdon, Jeremy N. "The role of ethylene in fruit and petal abscission in the red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L. cv. Glen Clova)". Thesis, University of Stirling, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/26678.
Texto completoOwens, Zachary J. "The purification and electrochemistry of his-tagged photosystem II". [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2009. http://165.236.235.140/lib/ZOwens2009.pdf.
Texto completoBartonek-Roxå, Eva. "Recombinant peroxidases and xylanases I. Cloning and production of a peroxidase from horseradish : II. Characterisation of functional domains of thermostable xylanases from Rhodothermus marinus /". Lund : Lund University, 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68945038.html.
Texto completoBuisson-Provost, Dominique. "Light-activated phytotoxic thiophenes in Flaveria linearis L". FIU Digital Commons, 1990. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1818.
Texto completo陳國賢 y Kwok-yin Chan. "A review on the effects of ginsenoside on cardiovascular diseases and the phytochemistry of ginsenoside extracts from panax notoginseng". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31970382.
Texto completoWhitney, Sarah E. C. "The interaction of cellulose with xyloglucan and other glucan-binding polymers". Thesis, University of Stirling, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2243.
Texto completoSanchez, Rodolfo Marcchiori. "Estudo fitoquímico e propriedades biológicas da Dipteryx alata Vogel (baru) /". Ilha Solteira, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123176.
Texto completoBanca: Jean Richard Dasnoy Marinho
Banca: Lizandra Guidi Magalhães
Resumo: Devido à importância do bioma cerrado, inclusive para a manutenção de outros biomas interligados, nas últimas décadas pesquisadores das mais variadas áreas vêm propondo alternativas de uso das espécies do cerrado como forma de preservar a fauna e flora local. Uma das formas para auxiliar na preservação dessas espécies esta o estudo sobre constituintes fitoquímicos e propriedades medicinais de plantas desse bioma usadas na medicina tradicional. O objetivo desse estudo é a confirmação do potencial terapêutico bem como da toxicidade dessas plantas usadas na medicina tradicional local, bem como estudar o potencial medicinal de plantas ainda não investigadas. A espécie Dipteryx alata Vogel (baru) é uma das espécies nativas do cerrado que apresenta grande potencial nutricional e farmacológico a ser investigado, pois segundo a medicina tradicional ela é utilizada no combate à bronquite, diarreia, disenteria, dor, dor de garganta, gripe, picada de cobra, tosse e como cicatrizante, entretanto, apenas a atividade contra picada de cobra foi cientificamente comprovada. Desta forma, na tentativa de aliar o valor nutricional da polpa dos frutos do baru a um possível efeito terapêutico, foram realizados estudos sobre os fitoconstituintes presentes nesta parte da planta, a fim de guiar estudos sobre as possíveis propriedades biológicas valorizando o fruto como um alimento nutracêutico, em áreas de ocorrência da planta que apresentam elevados índices de doenças negligenciadas. Os resultados dos estudos fitoquímicos mostraram a presença de alcaloides, taninos, flavonoides, glicosídeos cardiotônicos e saponinas em consideráveis concentrações e antraquinonas em baixa concentração. A presença desses fitoconstituintes forneceu suporte para a realização de ensaios para a determinação do potencial antiparasitário. A atividade antimicrobiana também foi avaliada devido ao uso medicinal da planta para infecções do trato ...
Abstract: Due to the importance of the cerrado biome, including the maintenance of other interconnected biomes in recent decade's researchers from different fields have proposed alternative use of the cerrado species as a way to preserve the local fauna and flora. One way to help the preservation of species is the study of the medicinal properties of plants of this biome used in traditional medicine. The objective of these studies is to confirm the therapeutic potential and the toxicity of these plants used in traditional local medicine as well as studying the medicinal potential of plants yet to be investigated. The specie Dipteryx alata Vogel (baru) is a native species of the cerrado with great nutritional and pharmacological potential to be investigated, because according to traditional medicine it is used to combat bronchitis, diarrhea, dysentery, pain, sore throat, flu, snakebite, cough and as cicatrizant, however, only the activity against snakebite has been scientifically proven. Therefore, trying to combine the nutritional value of baru fruits pulp to the potential therapeutic effect, studies on the determination of phytochemicals present were performed to guide studies on possible biological properties valuing the fruit as a nutraceutical food in areas of occurrence of the plant that show high negligible diseases indices. The results of the phytochemical studies showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and cardiotonic glycosides in considerable amounts and anthraquinones at low concentration. The presence of these phytochemicals has given support for conducting tests to determine the antiparasitic potential. Antimicrobial activity was also evaluated due to the medicinal use of the plant for the urinary tract infections. In addition, the cytotoxicity of the pulp was also evaluated on LLC- MK 2 cells to support the safe use of the fruit. Antimicrobial assays were performed using the bacterial strains Proteus sp., E. ...
Mestre
Silva, Marcelo José Dias. "Estudo fitoquímico e biológico dos extratos das folhas de Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Bentham /". Araraquara, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/139452.
Texto completoCoorientador: Marcelo Aparecido da Silva
Banca: Marcos José Salvador
Banca: Claudia Quintino da Rocha
Banca: Camilo Dias Seabra Pereira
Banca: Douglas Gatte-Picchi
Resumo: Mimosa é um dos maiores gêneros da família Fabaceae e subfamília Mimosaceae, são fontes de alcaloides, ácidos fenólicos, terpenoides, carotenoides e principalmente flavonoides. Apesar da maioria das espécies serem encontradas na Caatinga e Cerrado, principalmente na região nordeste do Brasil, ainda são poucos os estudos químicos e biológicos sobre essas plantas. Por isso, neste trabalho contribuímos no conhecimento a respeito dessa família, investigando as folhas de Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, indicada contra doenças inflamatórias, antimicrobianas e infecções. O extrato foi preparado por percolação com etanol 70% com rendimento em massa de 25%. Em seguida, foi fracionado usando técnicas cromatográficas convencionais. As estruturas foram identificadas por análises espectroscópicas (UPLC-MS; ESI-IT-MSn e RMN de 1H e de 13C). A investigação química levou à identificação de vinte e sete substâncias sendo três flavonoides descritos pela primeira vez na literatura. Na quantificação dos marcadores químicos, em 100,0 mg do extrato hidroalcoólico de Mimosa (EHM), há 0,82 mg de galato de etila (1) e 0,44 mg de cassiaoccidentalina A (21). No ensaio de genotoxicidade, o EHM nas doses de 62,5 e 125 mg/Kg e na fração acetato de etila (Fr-EtOAc) na dose de 62,5 mg/Kg não apresentaram efeitos tóxicos. Os resultados demonstraram que o EHM foi capaz de prevenir lesões oxidativas do DNA nas células do fígado induzidas pelo peróxido de hidrogénio in vitro e diminuição de danos genômicos foi detectada em células de fígado após a exposição à Fr-EtOAc. No ensaio de colite o EHM na dose de 125 mg/Kg apresentou efeito preventivo e a Fr-EtOAc na dose de 50 mg/Kg efeito terapêutico com redução na intensidade das lesões. No ensaio de edema de orelha... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Mimosa is family Fabaceae and subfamily Mimosaceae, are sources of alkaloids, phenolic acids, terpenoids, carotenoids and flavonoids mainly. Although most species are found in Caatinga and Cerrado, especially in northeastern Brazil, there are few chemical and biological studies on these plants. Therefore, this work contribute knowledge about this family, investigating the leaves of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia indicated against inflammatory, antimicrobial and infections. The extracts were prepared by percolation with 70% ethanol to yield 25% mass. Then they were fractionated using conventional chromatographic techniques. The structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis (UPLC-MS, ESI-IT-MSn and 1H NMR and 13C). The chemical research led to the identification of twenty-seven substances with three flavonoids first described in the literature. In quantification of chemical markers in 100.0 mg of the hydroalcoholic extract of Mimosa (EHM), there are 0.82 mg of ethyl gallate (1) and 0.44 mg cassiaoccidentalina A (21). In the genotoxicity test, the EHM at doses of 62.5 and 125 mg/kg and the ethyl acetate fraction (Fr-EtOAc) at a dose of 62.5 mg/kg showed no toxic effects. The results showed that the EHM was able to prevent oxidative DNA damage in liver cells induced by hydrogen peroxide in vitro and decreased DNA damage was detected in liver cells following exposure to Fr-EtOAc. In the EHM colitis test in a dose of 125 mg/kg showed a preventive effect and Fr-EtOAc 50 mg / kg therapeutic effect with a reduction in the intensity of the lesions. In the test ear edema induced by the EHM xylene (125 and 250 mg/kg) significantly inhibited 52% and 64%, respectively, and exhibited 82% antidiarrheal activity induced by castor oil. In the antifungal assay FR-EtOAc showed... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Santos, Dayane Graziella Pereira de Oliveira dos 1988. "Produção de biomassa e teor de cumarina em folhas de guaco (Mikania laevigata Sch. Bip. ex Baker) em diferentes idades da planta /". Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138871.
Texto completoBanca: Alexandra Christine Helena F. Sawaya
Banca: Marcos Roberto Furlan
Resumo: A espécie Mikania laevigata Sch. Bip. ex Baker, popularmente conhecida como guaco, pertence à família Asteraceae, é originária da região sul do Brasil e está entre as plantas medicinais adotadas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil. M. laevigata é uma opção agrícola promissora no cultivo das medicinais, estando acessível ao pequeno produtor, tendo em vista a crescente demanda do mercado consumidor brasileiro por fitoterápicos. Uma vez que as plantas medicinais são classificadas como produtos naturais, a lei permite que sejam cultivadas e comercializadas desde que se atinja o padrão de qualidade necessário. O presente trabalho foi instalado e conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a produtividade de biomassa e teor de cumarina do guaco colhido em diferentes idades da planta. Foi observada maior produtividade para as variáveis avaliadas aos onze meses de idade do guaco, obtendo 0,96 t ha-1 de matéria seca de folha sendo que não houve diferença estatística quanto ao teor de cumarina aos 7, 9, e 11 meses de idade de Mikania laevigata. Nas condições em que foi realizada a pesquisa, o maior rendimento de biomassa x teor de cumarina foi obtido aos 11 meses de idade do guaco, o qual possibilitou o melhor resultado para o rendimento extrativo de cumarina em folhas secas.
Abstract: The species Mikania laevigata Sch. Bip. ex Baker, popularly known as guaco, belongs to the Asteraceae family and it is native to southern Brazil it is among the medicinal plants adopted by the Unified Health System in Brazil (SUS). M. laevigata is a promising option in agricultural cultivation of medicinal plants and is accessible to small farmers, in view of the growing demand of the Brazilian market for herbal medicines. Since medicinal plants are classified as natural products, the law allows them to be grown and marketed it they achieve the required quality standards. This work was conducted at the Lageado Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences - UNESP, Botucatu, State of São Paulo. The objective of this research was to evaluate the productivity of biomass and coumarin content of guaco harvested at different ages of the plant. It was observed higher productivity for the variables evaluated at eleven months of guaco, obtaining 0.96 t ha-1 of dry leaf and there was no statistical difference in the coumarin content at 7, 9, and 11 months of age Mikania laevigata. The conditions under which the survey was conducted, the higher biomass yield x coumarin content of guaco was obtained at 11 months of age, which enabled the best result for the extraction yield of coumarin in dry leaves
Mestre
Jones, Sarah Melissa Jane. "Isolation of xylanolytic multi-enzyme complexes from Bacillus subtilis SJ01". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004033.
Texto completoTsui, Wing-yan Pamela. "Phytochemical investigation of plants used in traditional medicine in Hong Kong /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17594303.
Texto completoGazola, Marcos Bertani. "Caracterização de polpas e bebidas à base de extrato hidrossolúvel de soja, amora, pitanga e mirtilo: análises reológicas, fitoquímicas, físico-químicas, microbiológicas e sensoriais". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/742.
Texto completoThe Brazilian geography and its continental dimensions make the country suitable for cultivation and growth of different plant species, occupying the ranking of third largest world producer of fruits and the second of soybean. Global trends point to the growing market of non-alcoholic beverages, particularly, the ones with fruits and soybean water extracts base. Before these facts, this research sought the characterization of pulps and beverages of pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.), mulberry (Morus nigra) and blueberry (Vaccinium spp.), from commercial plantations and the biome Araucaria Forest in the southwest of Parana, through the physico-chemical, microbiological, rheological, phytochemical, anti-microbiological and sensory analysis. Among the physico-chemical analysis of mineral content, protein, solids, lipids and carbohydrates, the pH and the relation total soluble solids/ total tritable acidity (SS/ATT) were the descriptor that best explained the difference between pulps and beverages (Principal Component Analysis). The phytochemical prospection in the extract of the fruits’ pulps revealed the presence of several secondary metabolites, mainly flavones, flavonols, xanthones and flavanonols. The polar extract presented higher richness of these constituents. The extracts were also analyzed through infrared, allowing the observation that ethanol 70% is the most suitable solvent in antioxidants search, compared with petroleum ether and ethyl ether, because of its greater potential for polar groups extraction and the presence of O-H absorption peaks in all pulps. There was not statistic differences (p 0,05) in the antioxidants capacities of the pulps, however, the highest total phenolics obtained occurred in the mulberry pulp. The antimicrobiological activity tests indicated fungus power of the blueberry pulp for the Cândida tropicalis yeast, with minimum inhibitory concentration of 833,33 μg mL-1. The flow curves demonstrated a non Newtonian behavior with pseudoplastic characteristics, with excellent adjust to the Ostwald-de-Waele model. The temperature effect on the viscosity of pulps was verified through the equation of Arrhenius sort and analyzed in relation to activation energy, which highest value was obtained for the mulberry pulp. The sensory analysis of the prepared beverages pointed to the acceptability of the tasters, indicating potential to industrialization.
Sanchez, Rodolfo Marcchiori [UNESP]. "Estudo fitoquímico e propriedades biológicas da Dipteryx alata Vogel (baru)". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123176.
Texto completoDevido à importância do bioma cerrado, inclusive para a manutenção de outros biomas interligados, nas últimas décadas pesquisadores das mais variadas áreas vêm propondo alternativas de uso das espécies do cerrado como forma de preservar a fauna e flora local. Uma das formas para auxiliar na preservação dessas espécies esta o estudo sobre constituintes fitoquímicos e propriedades medicinais de plantas desse bioma usadas na medicina tradicional. O objetivo desse estudo é a confirmação do potencial terapêutico bem como da toxicidade dessas plantas usadas na medicina tradicional local, bem como estudar o potencial medicinal de plantas ainda não investigadas. A espécie Dipteryx alata Vogel (baru) é uma das espécies nativas do cerrado que apresenta grande potencial nutricional e farmacológico a ser investigado, pois segundo a medicina tradicional ela é utilizada no combate à bronquite, diarreia, disenteria, dor, dor de garganta, gripe, picada de cobra, tosse e como cicatrizante, entretanto, apenas a atividade contra picada de cobra foi cientificamente comprovada. Desta forma, na tentativa de aliar o valor nutricional da polpa dos frutos do baru a um possível efeito terapêutico, foram realizados estudos sobre os fitoconstituintes presentes nesta parte da planta, a fim de guiar estudos sobre as possíveis propriedades biológicas valorizando o fruto como um alimento nutracêutico, em áreas de ocorrência da planta que apresentam elevados índices de doenças negligenciadas. Os resultados dos estudos fitoquímicos mostraram a presença de alcaloides, taninos, flavonoides, glicosídeos cardiotônicos e saponinas em consideráveis concentrações e antraquinonas em baixa concentração. A presença desses fitoconstituintes forneceu suporte para a realização de ensaios para a determinação do potencial antiparasitário. A atividade antimicrobiana também foi avaliada devido ao uso medicinal da planta para infecções do trato ...
Due to the importance of the cerrado biome, including the maintenance of other interconnected biomes in recent decade’s researchers from different fields have proposed alternative use of the cerrado species as a way to preserve the local fauna and flora. One way to help the preservation of species is the study of the medicinal properties of plants of this biome used in traditional medicine. The objective of these studies is to confirm the therapeutic potential and the toxicity of these plants used in traditional local medicine as well as studying the medicinal potential of plants yet to be investigated. The specie Dipteryx alata Vogel (baru) is a native species of the cerrado with great nutritional and pharmacological potential to be investigated, because according to traditional medicine it is used to combat bronchitis, diarrhea, dysentery, pain, sore throat, flu, snakebite, cough and as cicatrizant, however, only the activity against snakebite has been scientifically proven. Therefore, trying to combine the nutritional value of baru fruits pulp to the potential therapeutic effect, studies on the determination of phytochemicals present were performed to guide studies on possible biological properties valuing the fruit as a nutraceutical food in areas of occurrence of the plant that show high negligible diseases indices. The results of the phytochemical studies showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and cardiotonic glycosides in considerable amounts and anthraquinones at low concentration. The presence of these phytochemicals has given support for conducting tests to determine the antiparasitic potential. Antimicrobial activity was also evaluated due to the medicinal use of the plant for the urinary tract infections. In addition, the cytotoxicity of the pulp was also evaluated on LLC- MK 2 cells to support the safe use of the fruit. Antimicrobial assays were performed using the bacterial strains Proteus sp., E. ...
徐永欣 y Wing-yan Pamela Tsui. "Phytochemical investigation of plants used in traditional medicine in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31213704.
Texto completopublished_or_final_version
Chemistry
Master
Master of Philosophy
Romão, Gabriela Brasil. "Estudo in vitro da ação de extrato hidroetanólico de Cordia verbenacea DC. em espécies reativas de oxigênio de importância biológica /". Araraquara, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141992.
Texto completoCoorientador: Marcos Antônio Corrêa
Banca: Dulce Helena Siqueira Silva
Banca: Iguatemy Lourenço Brunetti
Resumo: A erva-baleeira, Cordia verbenacea DC., é uma espécie de planta originária do Brasil, encontrada principalmente na Floresta Tropical Atlântica. É largamente utilizada na medicina tradicional por apresentar, principalmente, ação anti-inflamatória. Dados recentes da literatura mostraram que esta ação está relacionada à presença de compostos fenólicos, flavonoides e sesquiterpenos, além de ser constatada a atividade antioxidante em diferentes extratos de C. verbenacea. Epécies reativas de oxigênio e nitrogênio são produzidas constantemente no organismo, podendo causar danos ou benefícios aos sistemas biológicos. Estão altamente relacionadas com o processo de envelhecimento do organismo, e, consequentemente, do envelhecimento cutâneo. A busca e pesquisa de cosméticos com ativos naturais com propriedades antioxidantes tem aumentado significativamente. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ação do extrato hidroetanólico 70 % de folhas de C. verbenacea (EtOH 70 %) em diferentes espécies reativas de oxigênio de importância biológica, para uma possível aplicação na prevenção do envelhecimento cutâneo. Inicialmente, foram comparados os extratos etanólico, hidroetanólico 70 % e aquoso de folhas de C. verbenacea a fim de selecionar o extrato com maior teor de compostos fenólicos totais e flavonoides totais, além de maior atividade antioxidante. O extrato EtOH 70 % foi selecionado para avaliação da atividade antioxidante in vitro frente a diferentes espécies reativas (radicais modelo ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Erva-baleeira, Cordia verbenacea DC., is a native Brazilian plant species, mainly found at the Atlantic Forest. It is widely used in traditional medicine mostly for its anti-inflammatory properties. Literature data shows that this activity is related to the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and sesquiterpenes, it was also verified the antioxidant activity for different extracts of C. verbenacea. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are constantly produced in the organism and might cause damage or benefits on biological systems. They are highly related to the ageing process of the body and, consequently, to skin ageing. The research for natural cosmetics drugs with antioxidant properties has had a significant increase and, therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of an hydroethanolic extract of C. verbenacea leaves (EtOH 70 %) on different reactive oxygen species of biological importance. Initially, the ethanolic, hydroethanolic (70 %) and aqueous extracts of C. verbenacea leaves were compared to select the extract with a higher total phenolic content and total flavonoid content, as well as higher antioxidant activity. The EtOH 70 % extract was selected for in vitro evaluation of its antioxidant activity against different reactive species (radicals model or bioprocess model involving these species), but also to evaluate its cytotoxicity, the chromatographic profiles in TLC and HPLC and to develop a phytocosmetic contaning the extract, ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Lee, Iris. "Development of capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of phenolics and glucoraphanin in Brassica oleracea". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2012. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/445.
Texto completoSweeney, Alan Peter. "Studies towards the development of two dimensional high performance liquid chromatographic systems for the separation of complex samples /". View thesis, 2002. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20031013.085943/index.html.
Texto completoA thesis submitted to fulfil the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, School of Science, Food and Horticulture, University of Western Sydney, August, 2002. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 247-260).
Silva, Mayara Gobetti Fernandes da. "Avaliação do potencial alelopático de raízes de capim annoni-2 (Eragrostis plana Nees) e estudo fitoquímico". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1113.
Texto completoO Capim Annoni-2 (Eragrostis plana Nees), considerado uma planta daninha invasora e de difícil erradicação, tem a capacidade de dominar o meio em que se encontra, sobrepondo-se a espécies nativas e agroeconômicas. Parte desta capacidade está relacionada a efeitos alelopáticos causados por aleloquímicos liberados por esta espécie. Assim, a identificação desses aleloquímicos pode ser uma boa alternativa para produção de bio-herbicidas. Neste estudo, determinou-se o potencial alelopático de extratos brutos de éter de petróleo, acetato de etila e metanol provenientes da raíz de E. plana Nees coletadas no verão na área experimental do curso de Agronomia da UTFPR - câmpus Pato Branco, como também um estudo fitoquímico para elucidação estrutural de possíveis aleloquímicos. O potencial alelopático foi avaliado a partir de bioensaios de germinação e crescimento de radícula e hipocótilo, utilizando-se duas espécies receptoras (Ipomoea grandifolia e Euphorbia hetetophylla) e três concentrações dos extratos brutos (200, 400 e 600 ppm). Como resultados observou-se que os extratos brutos de éter de petróleo e acetato de etila atuam principalmente na cinética do processo de germinação, retardando-o, enquanto que o extrato bruto de metanol atuou, sobretudo na diminuição da germinação, inibindo 75,4% em comparação com o branco (água destilada), causando até deformidades e mortes de plântulas, estes dados para a espécie receptora E. heterophylla, a mais afetada. Quanto ao bioensaio de crescimento de hipocótilo e radícula, o extrato bruto de metanol foi o menos eficaz, destacando-se o extrato bruto de éter de petróleo a 600 ppm contra a espécie receptora I. grandifolia, causando uma diminuição no crescimento da radícula e hipocótilo de 66,3% e 65,5%, respectivamente, e o extrato bruto de acetato de etila também a 600 ppm contra a espécie receptora E. heterophylla, causou uma diminuição de 63,6% e 72% do comprimento do hipocótilo e radícula, respectivamente, ambos em comparação com seus respectivos brancos (água destilada). Através do estudo fitoquímico foi proposta a estrutura de um diterpeno, por meio do fracionamento e purificação do extrato bruto de éter de petróleo, e um composto, cuja estrutura não foi ainda completamente elucidada, este a partir do extrato bruto de metanol. Os efeitos alelopáticos apresentados pelas raízes do Capim Annoni-2, foram bastante efetivos, podendo estes serem atribuídos as substâncias fitotóxicas isoladas nesse estudo.
The Grass Annoni-2 (Eragrostis plana Nees), considered a noxious invasive and difficult to eradicate plant has the capacity to dominate the environment they are in, superseding Agrieconomic and native species. Part of this ability is related to allelopathic effects caused by allelochemicals released by this species. Thus, the identification of these allelochemicals can be a good alternative for the production of bio-herbicides. In this study, we determined the allelopathic potential of crude extracts of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol from the root of E. plana Nees collected in the summer in the experimental area of the course of Agronomy UTFPR - Pato Branco campus, as well as a phytochemical study for structural elucidation of potential allelochemicals. The allelopathic potential was assessed from bioassays of germination and growth of radicle and hypocotyl, using two receptor species (Ipomoea grandifolia and Euphorbia hetetophylla) and three concentrations of crude extracts (200, 400 and 600 ppm). As a result it was found that crude extracts of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate act mainly on the kinetics of the germination process by slowing it, while the crude methanol extract worked, especially in reducing the germination inhibiting 75.4% in comparison with blank (distilled water), causing deformities, and even death of seedlings these data to the recipient E. heterophylla, most affected. Regarding the growth bioassay hypocotyl and radicle, crude methanol extract was the least effective, highlighting the crude extract of petroleum ether at 600 ppm against receiving I. grandifolia species, causing a decrease in the growth of radicle and hypocotyl 66.3% and 65.5%, respectively, and the crude ethyl acetate extract also receiving 600 ppm against E. heterophylla caused a decrease of 63.6% and 72% of the length of the hypocotyl and radicle respectively, both compared with their white (distilled water). Through phytochemical study was proposed structure of a diterpene, through the fractionation and purification of the crude extract of petroleum ether, and a compound whose structure has not been fully elucidated, this from crude methanol extract. The allelopathic effects shown by the roots of the grass Annoni-2, were quite effective, these can be attributed to the isolated phytotoxic substances in this study.
Mokgadi, Janes. "Pressurized hot water extraction of nutraceuticals and organic pollutants from medicinal plants". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004999.
Texto completoMoro, Isabela Jacob. "Avaliação da atividade citotóxica e tipo de morte em linhagens celulares humanas tratadas com derivados vegetais e metabólitos secundários de Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC. /". Araraquara, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141942.
Texto completoCoorientador: Christiane Pienna Soares
Banca: Dulce Helena Siqueira Silva
Banca: Denise Crispim Tavares
Resumo: Produtos derivados de fontes vegetais tem demonstrado seu potencial no combate a diversas doenças, inclusive o câncer, à exemplo dos alcaloides derivados de Catharantus roseus (L.)G. Don, vincristina e vimblastina. A diversidade estrutural das moléculas encontradas em espécies vegetais concebem perspectivas de uso in natura bem como servem de inspiração para o desenvolvimento de outras entidades químicas que serão destinadas ao combate de doenças. O material de estudo pertence a espécie Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC, popularmente conhecida como carqueja e com amplo uso tradicional, principalmente para o alívio de afecções digestivas. O estudo teve por objetivo o fracionamento cromatográfico de derivados vegetais de partes aéreas de B. trimera e a avaliação da citotoxicidade e estudo de morte em linhagens de células humanas normal e tumorais tratadas com o OE, suas frações e componentes, além da flavona eupatorina isolada do extrato acetato de etila. O potencial citotóxico foi avaliado através do método da sulforrodamina B e os estudos de morte através de ensaios de Anexina-V, Hoechst/iodeto de propídeo e ativação de caspase-3. As linhagens celulares humanas utilizadas foram de câncer de mama (MCF-7), hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) e a linhagem de mama normal (MCF-10). As amostras avaliadas foram o óleo essencial, suas frações e componentes (α-humuleno, trans-cariofileno e óxido de cariofileno), além da eupatorina. Os constituintes majoritários do óleo essencial identificados por CG-E... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Natural products diversity is an important source to find potential treatments against various diseases, including cancer. Vincristine and vimblastine, alkaloids derived from Catharantus roseus (L.) L. Don, are some of the examples. The structural diversity of molecules from plant species allow the in natura usage and also the development of other chemical entities that will be used to diseases control. Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC., popularly known as carqueja, has an extensive traditional use, especially for digestive disorders. The aims of this study were the chromatographic fractionation of aerial parts from carqueja, in vitro evaluation of the cytotoxic potential through sulforhodamine B assay and cellular death by Annexin-V assay, Hoechst/propidium iodide method and caspase-3 activation, in normal and tumor cell lines treated with essential oil, its fractions and components, and the flavone eupatorin isolated from ethyl acetate extract. The cell lines used were human breast cancer (MCF-7), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and normal breast line (MCF-10a). The evaluated samples were: essential oil, its fractions and components (α-humulene, β- caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide) and eupatorin. The major constituents of the essential oil identified by GC-MS were: β-caryophyllene (18.9%), bicyclogermacrene (15.6%), germacrene D (10.5%), δ-cadinene (6.6%). Other components of the essential oil, such as α-humulene (2.3%) and caryophyllene oxide (2.9%) were also identified.... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Silva, Paulo Roberto Arbex [UNESP]. "Caracterização da composição química dos óleos essenciais de Lychnophora pinaster Mart. em função da sazonalidade". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93527.
Texto completoFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Avaliou-se a influência da sazonalidade no rendimento e composição química dos óleos essenciais de Lychnophora pinaster. O material vegetal foi coletado em Carrancas e Ingaí, Minas Gerais, no verão, outono, inverno e primavera de 2012. Foram utilizadas três populações nativas, denominadas Serra Branca, Serra do Salto (provenientes de Carrancas) e Serra da Arnica (Ingaí). Foram amostrados 25 acessos por população e os óleos essenciais das folhas extraídos por hidrodestilação e a análise da composição química conduzida em CG-EM. A sazonalidade não exerceu influência no rendimento médio de óleo essencial das populações Serra Branca e Serra do Salto e destas, Serra do Salto apresentou em todas as estações do ano maior rendimento médio (0,43% a 0,61%). Para Serra da Arnica observou-se estatisticamente influência da sazonalidade no rendimento médio de óleo essencial no inverno (0,79%). Os óleos essenciais das três populações apresentaram as mesmas substâncias, cujas majoritárias foram o trans-cinamato de metila e o trans-cariofileno. Serra Branca apresentou em todas as estações a maior proporção relativa média de trans-cariofileno (16,01% a 23,1%), alfa-humuleno (4,64% a 6,7%), óxido de cariofileno (4,79% a 5,76%) e cedr-8-(15)-en-9-alfa-ol (1,98% a 2,73%). Nesta população, os acessos que mais se correlacionaram com o acúmulo das substâncias com maior proporção relativa média, nas quatro estações foram: Pop 101, Pop 103 e Pop 125 (óxido de cariofileno), Pop 113 e Pop 123 (trans-cariofileno e alfa-humuleno) e Pop 112 e Pop 119 (trans-cinamato de metila). Serra do Salto apresentou a...
The influences of seasonality on the yield and the chemical composition of the essential oils from Lychnophora pinaster were evaluated. The plant material was collected in the regions of Carrancas and Ingaí, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, during the whole year of 2012. Three native populations were sampled: Serra Branca, Serra do Salto (Carrancas), and Serra da Arnica (Ingaí) – a total sample of 75 plants (25 for each population). The essential oils were extracted by hydro-distillation and the analyses of chemical composition were made by GC-MS. The seasonality did not present a significant effect on the average essential oil yield of the Carrancas populations – Serra do Salto showed the highest values on essential oil production (0.43% to 0.61%). For the population of Serra da Arnica, the seasonality presented significant influence on essential oil yield and the winter sample showed the highest values in this population (0.79%). Chemically all populations presented the same composition and the main substances were trans-methyl cinnamate and trans- caryophyllene. The Serra Branca population presented the highest relative proportion of trans-caryophyllene (16.01% to 23.1%), alpha-humulene (4.64% to 6.7%), caryophyllene oxide (4.79% to 5.76%) and cedr-8-(15)-en-9-alpha-ol (1.98% to 2.73%). In this population the plants with highest correlation with the accumulation of main substances during the whole year were Pop-101, Pop-103... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Silva, Paulo Sérgio Siberti da 1988. "Caracterização da composição química dos óleos essenciais de Lychnophora pinaster Mart. em função da sazonalidade /". Botucatu, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93527.
Texto completoBanca: Elizabeth Orika Ono
Banca: Paulo Roberto Hrihorowitsch Moreno
Resumo: Avaliou-se a influência da sazonalidade no rendimento e composição química dos óleos essenciais de Lychnophora pinaster. O material vegetal foi coletado em Carrancas e Ingaí, Minas Gerais, no verão, outono, inverno e primavera de 2012. Foram utilizadas três populações nativas, denominadas Serra Branca, Serra do Salto (provenientes de Carrancas) e Serra da Arnica (Ingaí). Foram amostrados 25 acessos por população e os óleos essenciais das folhas extraídos por hidrodestilação e a análise da composição química conduzida em CG-EM. A sazonalidade não exerceu influência no rendimento médio de óleo essencial das populações Serra Branca e Serra do Salto e destas, Serra do Salto apresentou em todas as estações do ano maior rendimento médio (0,43% a 0,61%). Para Serra da Arnica observou-se estatisticamente influência da sazonalidade no rendimento médio de óleo essencial no inverno (0,79%). Os óleos essenciais das três populações apresentaram as mesmas substâncias, cujas majoritárias foram o trans-cinamato de metila e o trans-cariofileno. Serra Branca apresentou em todas as estações a maior proporção relativa média de trans-cariofileno (16,01% a 23,1%), alfa-humuleno (4,64% a 6,7%), óxido de cariofileno (4,79% a 5,76%) e cedr-8-(15)-en-9-alfa-ol (1,98% a 2,73%). Nesta população, os acessos que mais se correlacionaram com o acúmulo das substâncias com maior proporção relativa média, nas quatro estações foram: Pop 101, Pop 103 e Pop 125 (óxido de cariofileno), Pop 113 e Pop 123 (trans-cariofileno e alfa-humuleno) e Pop 112 e Pop 119 (trans-cinamato de metila). Serra do Salto apresentou a... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The influences of seasonality on the yield and the chemical composition of the essential oils from Lychnophora pinaster were evaluated. The plant material was collected in the regions of Carrancas and Ingaí, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, during the whole year of 2012. Three native populations were sampled: Serra Branca, Serra do Salto (Carrancas), and Serra da Arnica (Ingaí) - a total sample of 75 plants (25 for each population). The essential oils were extracted by hydro-distillation and the analyses of chemical composition were made by GC-MS. The seasonality did not present a significant effect on the average essential oil yield of the Carrancas populations - Serra do Salto showed the highest values on essential oil production (0.43% to 0.61%). For the population of Serra da Arnica, the seasonality presented significant influence on essential oil yield and the winter sample showed the highest values in this population (0.79%). Chemically all populations presented the same composition and the main substances were trans-methyl cinnamate and trans- caryophyllene. The Serra Branca population presented the highest relative proportion of trans-caryophyllene (16.01% to 23.1%), alpha-humulene (4.64% to 6.7%), caryophyllene oxide (4.79% to 5.76%) and cedr-8-(15)-en-9-alpha-ol (1.98% to 2.73%). In this population the plants with highest correlation with the accumulation of main substances during the whole year were Pop-101, Pop-103... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Dalbosco, Talita. "Avaliação do potencial alelopático dos extratos foliares brutos do capim-annoni-2 (Eragrostis plana Nees) e estudo do óleo essencial". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/737.
Texto completoThe grass - 2 lovegrass , Eragrostis plana Nees , is an African plant species known for its invasive capacity and , therefore , classified as a weed , and is considered the most aggressive and more difficult to control in the southern fields . This species active mechanisms of inhibition of germination and growth of neighboring species in the phenomenon called allelopathy . The phytochemical study of E. plana Nees , is justified because it is a species with alleged allelopathic activity and, depending on its characteristics and the biological and economic impact caused by it . In order to identify and characterize bioactive molecules and evaluate their allelopathic effects , the experiments were performed . The leaves of E. plana Nees were collected in winter and summer , for phytochemical analysis , and obtain the essential oil sample was taken by hydrodistillation and subsequently filtered and chilled to the gas chromatographic analysis coupled with mass spectrometry . For non- volatile secondary metabolites , the plant material was subjected to exhaustive cold extraction with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate . The extracts were subjected to IR technique . In allelopathic identification seeds of Ipomoea grandifolia species commonly performed in two bioassays in allelopathic studies were used . The tests , germination and radicle and hypocotyl elongation were monitored daily for 7 days under controlled and conducted in chambers BOD ( Biochemical Oxygen Demand ) conditions . For both tests 5 doses with different concentrations of each extract volume of 5 mL in each Petri dish were used. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 replications, with distilled water and Tween 80 + solvent extractors as witnesses . The data were submitted to variance homogeneity test, the Cochran C and analysis of normality by the Shapiro - Wilk test, with subsequent analysis of variance , ANOVA and Tukey test at 5 % significance level for the homogeneous variables. The allelopathic effect exhibited by the leaves of E. Nees plane can be related to the levels observed in the analysis of terpenes of essential oil , since they possess allelopathic effects , as reported in the literature. The extracts expressed the allelopathic potential of E. plana Nees , interfering with the development of the receiving species . The use of these extracts directly or as a source of chemical molecules , can collaborate in developing new bio - herbicides.
Adams, Zanele. "Comparative phytochemical analyses of Aloe Ferox Mill. found in Eastern and Western Cape provinces in South Africa". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1013114.
Texto completoCastro, Rogério Cardoso de. "Caracterização por espectrometria de massas e investigação das atividades anti-inflamatória e gastroprotetora do extrato etanólico e diterpenos clerodânicos de folhas de Casearia sylvestris Swartz /". Araraquara, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/139430.
Texto completoBanca: Fábio Ferreita Perazzo
Banca: Gustavo Henrique Bianco de Souza
Banca: Taís Maria Bauab
Banca: Alexandra Ivo de Medeiros
Resumo: O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo químico-farmacológico do extrato etanólico de folhas de Casearia sylvestris Swartz (EEtCs), frações obtidas por extração em fase sólida (EFS1: apolar; EFS2: rica em diterpenos clerodânicos; EFS3: polar) e padrões de diterpenos clerodânicos (DC). Os objetivos da parte química foram caracterizar os padrões de DC por espectrometria de massas (full scan e fragmentação) com fonte de ionização por spray de elétrons (ESI-MS e MSn) e identificar DC no EEtCs e na EFS2 por ESI-MS, ESI-MSn e por cromatografia em camada delgada de alta eficiência com detecção por imagem química formada por espectrometria de massas com fonte de dessorção por spray de elétrons (HPTLC-DESI-MS-IMAGING). A parte farmacológica consistiu na investigação da atividade anti-inflamatória e gastroprotetora do EEtCs, frações (EFS1-3) e padrões de DC. A atividade anti-inflamatória foi avaliada por meio de ensaios em ratos, pleurisia induzida pela carragenina e edema de pata induzido por uma fosfolipase A2 de veneno de Bothrops jararacussu (BthTX-II), e os seguintes ensaios in vitro: atividade enzimática das ciclo-oxigenases 1 e 2 (COX-1 e COX-2) e produção de óxido nítrico (NO) e prostaglandina E2 (PGE2) por macrófagos estimulados por lipopolissacarídeo. A atividade gastroprotetora foi avaliada em modelo de lesões gástricas induzidas por indometacina em ratos e ensaio in vitro de atividade anti-Helicobacter pylori. Os resultados levaram às conclusões a seguir. A caracterização dos padrões de DC por espectrometria de massas permitiu estabelecer o padrão de fragmentação dos DC com anel diacetálico do tipo das casearinas, o qual representa uma importante fonte de informação para desreplicação em estudos metabolômicos de extratos vegetais... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aim of this study was to carry out a chemical-pharmacological study of the ethanol extract from leaves of Casearia sylvestris Swartz (EtECs), fractions obtained by solid phase extraction (SPE1: nonpolar; SPE2: rich in clerodane diterpenes; SPE 3: polar) and standards of clerodane diterpenes (CD). The objectives of the chemical step was to characterize standards of CD by mass spectrometry (full scan and fragmentation) using electrospray ionization (ESI-MS and MSn) and to identify CD in EtECs and SPE2 by ESI-MS, ESI-MSn and high performance thin layer chromatography/desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (HPTLC-DESI-MS-IMAGING). The pharmacological study consisted in investigation of anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective activities of EtECs, fractions (SPE1-3) and CD standards. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed in rats through pleurisy induced by carrageenan and paw edema induced by phospholipase A2 from Bothrops jararacussu venom (BthTX-II), and the following in vitro assays: enzymatic activity of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 (COX-1 and COX-2) and macrophage stimulation by lipopolysaccharide to investigate the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The gastroprotective activity was assessed in a model of indomethacin-induced gastric lesions in rats and in vitro assay of anti-Helicobacter pylori activity. The results led to the following conclusions. The characterization of the standards of CD by mass spectrometry demonstrated that it was possible to establish the fragmentation pattern of CD with diacetalic ring like casearins, which is an important source of information for dereplication in metabolomics studies of plant extracts... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
任黛. "篦子三尖杉的化學成分研究". Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3952202.
Texto completoFuku, Sandile Lawrence. "An investigation of the phytochemistry and biological activity of Asparagus laricinus". Thesis, Bloemfontein: Central University of Technology, Free State, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/246.
Texto completoMedicinal plants are part of indigenous people‟s cultural heritage, thus since ancient times treatment of various diseases using medicinal plants has been part of human culture. The value of medicinal plants to mankind has been very well proven. It is estimated that 70% to 80% of people worldwide rely mainly on traditional health care systems, especially on herbal medicines (Stanley and Luz, 2003). In many societies the medicinal properties of plants were discovered mostly through trial and error, but use was also influenced by the belief systems of the people involved and often became entangled with religious and mythical practices (Mathias et al., 1996). Besides that, medicinal plants are proving to be rich resources of constituents that can be used in drug development and synthesis. Medicinal plants have been a source of a wide variety of biologically active compounds for many centuries and have been used extensively as crude material or as pure compounds for treating various disease conditions. Between 1% and 10% of plants out of an estimated 250 000 to 500 000 species of plants on earth are used by humans (Boris, 1996). 2 Plants used for medicinal purposes contribute significantly to the development of major medical drugs that are used today. Most common medicines have compounds extracted from plants as their primary active ingredients and many have provided blueprints for synthetic or partially synthesized drugs (Simpson and Ogorzaly, 2001). There has been a major resurgence of interest in traditionally used medicinal plants, with a number of international and local initiatives actively exploring the botanical resources of southern Africa with the intention to screen indigenous plants for pharmacologically active compounds (Gurib-Fakim et al., 2010; Rybicki et al., 2012). South Africa is considered a “hot spot” for biodiversity and more than 22 000 plant species occur within its boundaries. This represents 10% of the world‟s species, although the land surface of South Africa is less than 1% of the earth‟s surface (Coetzee et al., 1999). Plants have also been used by man for various purposes, among others as arrow and dart poisons for hunting, poisons for murder, hallucinogens used for ritualistic purposes, stimulants for endurance and hunger suppression, as well as medicine (Duke et al., 2008; Cragg and Newman, 2005). A derivative of the polyhydroxy diterpenoid ingenol isolated from the sap of Euphorbia peplus (known as “petty spurge” in England or “radium weed” in Australia), which is a potential chemotherapeutic agent for skin cancer, is currently under clinical development by Peplin Biotech for the topical treatment of certain skin cancers (Kedei et al., 2004; Ogbourne et al., 2004). Combretastatin A-4 phosphate, 3 a stilbene derivative from the South African bush willow, Combretum caffrum, acts as an anti-angiogenic agent causing vascular shutdowns in tumors (Newman et al., 2005; Holwell et al., 2002). Further reliance on plants for drug development is demonstrated by the use of galantamine hydrobromide, an alkaloid obtained from the plant Galanthus nivalis used traditionally in Turkey and Bulgaria for the treatment of Alzheimer‟s disease (Howes et al., 2003; Heinrich and Teoh, 2004). The plant chemicals used for the above-mentioned purposes are secondary metabolites, which are derived biosynthetically from plant primary metabolites (e.g. carbohydrates, amino acids and lipids). Secondary metabolites are organic compounds that are exclusively produced by plants and that are not directly involved in the normal growth, development and reproduction of a plant (Firn and Jones, 2003). Yet, they have many functions that are important for the plant‟s long-term health and appearance. Plants, being stationary, have to cope with a number of challenges, including engineering their own pollination and seed dispersal, local variation in the supply of the simple nutrients that they require to synthesize their food and the coexistence of herbivores and pathogens in their immediate environment. Plants have therefore evolved secondary biochemical pathways that allow them to synthesize a spectrum of organic molecules, often in response to specific environmental stimuli, such as herbivore-induced damage, pathogen attacks, or nutrient deprivation (Reymond et al., 2000; Hermsmeier et al., 2001). 4 The biosynthesis of secondary metabolites is derived from the fundamental processes of photosynthesis, glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to afford biosynthetic intermediates which, ultimately, result in the formation of secondary metabolites also known as natural products (Dewick, 2002). It is hypothesized that secondary metabolism utilizes amino acids and the acetate and shikimate pathways to produce “shunt metabolites” (intermediates) that have adopted an alternate biosynthetic route, leading to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (Sarker et al., 2006). Modifications in the biosynthetic pathways that produce secondary metabolites are probably due to natural causes (e.g. viruses or environmental changes) or unnatural causes (e.g. chemical or radiation processes) in an effort to adapt or provide longevity for the plant (Sarker et al., 2006). Plants‟ secondary metabolites can be classified into several groups according to their chemical classes, such alkaloids, terpenoids and phenolics (Harbone, 1984; Wink, 2003).
Godschalx, Adrienne Louise. "Symbiosis with Nitrogen-fixing Rhizobia Influences Plant Defense Strategy and Plant-predator Interactions". PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3644.
Texto completoAli, Marina. "Antimicrobial metabolites from Australian Acacia : thesis /". View thesis, 1998. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030825.144902/index.html.
Texto completoNascimento, Marcel da Silva. "Abordagem fitoquímica e avaliação da atividade antioxidante e antiinflamatória do extrato e frações da entrecasca da Mimosa hostilis Benth". Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, 2013. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3966.
Texto completoO uso de plantas medicinais para cura e prevencao de doencas e uma das praticas mais antigas da humanidade. Uma das plantas utilizadas na medicina popular e a Mimosa hostilis Benth conhecida como jurema preta e usada popularmente em problemas de pele e inflamacoes em geral. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo realizar a triagem fitoquimica e avaliar a atividade antioxidante e anti-inflamatoria do extrato hidroetanolico (EHE) e das suas fracoes hexanica (FHX), cloroformica (FCL), acetato de etila (FAE) e hidrometanolica (FHM) obtidas das entrecascas da M. hostilis. Para isso, o EHE e suas fracoes foram submetidos a prospeccao fitoquimica classica a qual envolveu reacoes quimicas qualitativas que resultaram na confirmacao de metabolitos pertencentes as classes dos flavonoides, taninos, xantonas, triterpenoides, esteroides livres, saponinas e fenois. O teor de fenois totais tambem foi realizado utilizando-se o metodo de Folin-Ciocalteu cujo resultado foi maior na FAE (527,71 ¡Ó 30,80 mg de EAG.g-1). Para avaliar a atividade antioxidante foram utilizados os metodos de sequestro do radical livre (2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazil-DPPH) e da inibicao da lipoperoxidacao quantificada por meio das substancias reativas ao acido tiobarbiturico (TBARS). O EHE e as FAE e FHM tiveram um maior percentual de inibicao do radical livre DPPH com indices de 95,84%, 94,66% e 95,40% respectivamente. O EHE e FAE mostraram maior percentual de inibicao da peroxidacao lipidica quando induzida por AAPH enquanto a FHM, maior quando induzida por FeSO4. A atividade biologica investigada foi a anti-inflamatoria por meio da reducao do edema de orelha e pela atividade da mieloperoxidase (MPO). O edema de orelha foi induzido pelo 12-O-tetradecanoilforbol acetato (TPA, 1 Ýg/orelha) e o efeito do EHE ou das fracoes foi avaliado pela coadministracao dos mesmos, em doses de 1,0 e 3,0 mg/orelha, com o TPA na orelha direita. Na orelha esquerda foi administrado apenas o veiculo (acetona). Apos 6 h, os sitios de orelha foram retirados o edema expresso pela variacao da massa da orelha direita pela orelha esquerda, bem como a atividade de mieloperoxidase (MPO) foi mensurada. A coadministracao do EHE causou inibicao significativa (p<0,001) do edema e da atividade de MPO (p<0,05) em ambas as doses. Por sua vez, FHX, FCL, FAE e FHM reduziram o edema de forma semelhante na dose de 3,0 mg/orelha com percentuais de inibicao de 78%, 71%, 75% e 65%, respectivamente. A FAE e a FHM inibiram a atividade de MPO nas doses de 1,0 ou 3,0 mg/orelha (86% e 93% para 1,0 e 3,0 mg/orelha de FAE, respectivamente,p<0,001; 40% e 52% para 1,0 ou 3,0 mg/orelha de FHM respectivamente, p<0,05). A FCL causou inibicao apenas na dose de 3,0 mg/orelha (72%, p<0,05) e a FHX nao alterou significativamente a atividade de MPO induzida pelo TPA. Se considerados conjuntamente estes resultados indicam que o EHE e suas fracoes possuem acao antioxidante e anti-inflamatoria, viabilizando estudos futuros com esta planta para a obtencao de compostos bioativos.
Bittencourt, Henrique von Hertwig. "Ecologia da germinação e potencial alelopático de capim-annoni-2 (Eragrostis plana Nees)". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2379.
Texto completoThe invasiveness of South African lovegrass in agroecosystems has been attributed to its biological characteristics and the ecological relations. The ecology of species germination and allelopathic interaction are poorly understood. The objective of this work was to determine the influence of environmental factors on germination, phytotoxicity of South African lovegrass extracts, to identify and quantify phenolic allelochemicals present in their fractions, to determine the influence of phytomass and soil degradation on the phytotoxicity of the aqueous extract, to monitor the degradation of the compounds present in the extracts and to identify and quantify allelochemicals in a infested soil. Experiments were carried out in the laboratory using materials collected in the field. Seeds germinated at constant temperatures of 15 to 40 ° C, but the percentages of germination were greater than 94 % only at alternating temperatures. Exposure to light increased the frequency of normal seedlings. Germination increased with increasing water potential and the number of normal plants decreased with increasing sodium chloride concentration. The highest emergence rate was observed with the seeds placed on the soil surface, whereas no emergence occurred at 4 cm. A total of nine phenolic compounds with allelochemical potential were identified in the fractions of extracts of South African lovegrass: caffeic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, vanillic acid, catechin, epicatechin, resveratrol and rutin. The general decreasing order of general phytotoxicity of crude extracts in the development of wheat and alfalfa seedlings was ethyl, methanolic, aqueous and hexane acetate. An inversely proportional correlation was identified between vanillic acid concentration and root and total alfalfa seedlings length. The simulation of phytomass and soil degradation caused an increase in the phytotoxicity of the extracts on germination and seedling development, proving the release of the allelochemicals and the influence of the soil in the increase of its phytotoxicity. The ether extracts of the straw and soil showed changes in their chromatograms from the first to the seventh day of incubation, while the mixture of straw + soil showed greater changes only between the first and third day of degradation. Four phenolic compounds with allelochemical potential were identified in the South African lovegrass infested soil: coumaric acid, ferulic acid, catechin and epicatechin. The concentration of these compounds was higher at the soil surface and horizontally near the South African lovegrass plants, showing an association between concentrations of allelochemicals and plant distance.
Paano, AMC. "Phenethylisoquinoline - derived alkaloids and related systems". Thesis, 1986. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/21115/1/whole_PaanoAnamyMariaCaterial1987_thesis.pdf.
Texto completoPaano, AMC. "Studies on dibenz(d,f)azecine and other phenethylisoquinoline-derived alkaloids". Thesis, 1992. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/21116/1/whole_PaanoAnamyMariaCaterial1992_thesis.pdf.
Texto completoWheeler, Peter John. "A kinetic and equilibrium study of rooibos tea infusions". Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4755.
Texto completoThesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1998
Horn, Marion Magdalena. "Muthi compounds from indigenous Lauraceae and Rubiaceae species". Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8581.
Texto completoPanichanun, S. "Alkaloids of Athrotaxis species". Thesis, 1985. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/21132/1/whole_PanichanunSirichai1985_thesis.pdf.
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