Artículos de revistas: "Birds"

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Ningrum, Siti Gusti, Andreas Berny Yulianto y Kartika Purnamasari. "Application of SEAMON as Edible Bird’s Nest cleanser in the Edible Bird’s Nest Industry". SPEKTA (Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat : Teknologi dan Aplikasi) 4, n.º 2 (19 de diciembre de 2023): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/spekta.v4i2.8595.

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Background: In Surabaya, the edible bird's nest industry has witnessed significant growth in recent years, driven by increasing demand for this highly prized delicacy, known for its nutritional and medicinal benefits. As the industry expands, effective cleaning methods for edible bird's nests become paramount. Contaminants, impurities, and feathers can compromise the quality and purity of edible bird's nests, affecting their market value and consumer appeal. Contribution: In response to this challenge, applying SEAMON as an edible bird's nest cleanser has emerged as a promising solution. SEAMON, a specific cleaning agent for edible birds' nests, offers the potential to revolutionize the cleaning process within the edible birds' nest industry. This innovative approach addresses the cleanliness and hygiene standards required for edible bird's nests, ensuring that consumers receive the highest quality product. Method: The SEAMON application was carried out at the edible bird's nest industry in Surabaya, East Java, on July 2, 2023, with twelve samples of edible bird's nests with heavy feather characteristics. All samples were tested for nitrite analysis using a Genesys 30 visible spectrophotometer. Results: Based on the results of its application, this innovation has the potential as an edible bird’s nest cleaning agent to clean hydrogen peroxide residue and can reduce nitrite levels in the white edible bird’s nest. Conclusion: This washing liquid is the first cleanser specifically for white edible bird’s nests, and another advantage is that it is food grade, so edible bird’s nests cleaned with SEAMON is safe for human consumption.

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Yeremieiev, Volodymyr. "Development of software for the study of ornithocomplexes on the territory of wind stations using the results of observations by the route counting method". Ukrainian Journal of Educational Studies and Information Technology 8, n.º 3 (30 de septiembre de 2020): 28–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32919/uesit.2020.03.04.

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An information system (IS) BIRDS2 has been developed for storing and analyzing data obtained by monitoring the behavior of birds on the territory of wind power plants (WPPs) using the route accounting method. The program code is compiled on the basis of Windows Forms technology in the Microsoft Visual Studio Community 2019 software development environment. The operation of the program was tested by comparing the results of monitoring bird migration on the territory of the Primorsk-1 wind farm with known literature data. The sample size of registered birds used for analysis consisted of 8927 birds, of which 802 were of the transit type, 2511 were of the forage type, and 5614 were of the nesting type. The observations were carried out by the route counting method, adapted by V. D. Siokhin and P. I. Gorlov in relation to the territory of wind parks. During the monitoring process, eight parameters were recorded: the date of observation, the time of registration, the coordinates of the registration on the Google map, the number of birds, the species of the individual, the direction of flight, the type of location on the territory of the wind farm (transit, forage, nesting), and the flight altitude. The user-friendly interface allows you to analyze the behavior of birds on the territory of the station according to all accounting characteristics. The IS makes it possible to determine the number of birds in flight over the territory of the wind park at a given time, to find the coordinates of the points of intersection of the bird's flight path with the boundaries of the wind farm, to calculate the length of the bird's flight path over the area occupied by the wind park.

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Greenstone, Matthew H. "Birds Are Birds". Science 254, n.º 5031 (25 de octubre de 1991): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.254.5031.502.a.

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GREENSTONE, M. H. "Birds Are Birds". Science 254, n.º 5031 (25 de octubre de 1991): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.254.5031.502.

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Osinubi, Samuel Temidayo. "African–Eurasian birds: our birds, their birds, or OUR birds?" Ostrich 93, n.º 3 (28 de octubre de 2022): iii—iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2022.2140518.

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Benton, M. J. "How birds became birds". Science 345, n.º 6196 (31 de julio de 2014): 508–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1257633.

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Nisa, Alim un, SH Abidi, Qurat ul Ain Syed, A. Saeed, S. Masood, S. Hina y Hamood ur Rehman. "Aflatoxins in bird feed collected from various areas of Lahore city". Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 56, n.º 4 (29 de diciembre de 2021): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v56i4.57198.

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The objective of this study was to estimate total aflatoxin in bird feed. Total 50 birds feed samples were collected from different markets and birds shops in Lahore. Total aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2 were estimated using the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method. The daily intake of aflatoxin in bird's feed is a 300ppb threshold by FDA. Total 50 samples were examined, among them 22% were contaminated with aflatoxin B1 and B2 and the rest of 40% samples were contaminated only with aflatoxin B1. Aflatoxin G1 and G2 were not detected in any feed. The results showed that 42% of samples were contaminated within the permissible limit, 20% were unfit due to having above the allowable limit, and 38% were fit, which did not show any aflatoxin. The current study has demonstrated the easy way of providing the determination of aflatoxin in bird’s feed. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.56(4), 249-254, 2021

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Hasib, Abdullah, Risaldi Muhamad, Talita Yuanda Reksa, Alvina Ulimaz Artha y Erma Safitri. "Utilization of Sumbawa Tropical Forest Honey Apis Dorsata to Improve Fertility of Indonesia Oriental Magpie Robin (Copsychus saularis) as Effort Animal Population Increasement". KnE Life Sciences 3, n.º 6 (3 de diciembre de 2017): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v3i6.1190.

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The objective of this experiment is to observe the effect of forest honey produced by giant bees Apis dorsata on improving fertility and egg number of the bird. The bird which observed in this experiment is captive bird Oriental Magpie Robin (Copsychus saularis). Twelve paired captive bird in official captivity were transferred into new pairing cage and adapted along two weeks. Every bird was fed with crickets and normal ration mixed with low protein diet (LP) with 16% of crude protein gradually. After an adaptation period, twelve paired captive bird were divided into three groups T1, T2 and T3. Birds were treatened with honey solution 5%, 10% and 15% concentration series in 1 ml aquadest intraabdominal of 10 crickets and fed with 15 crickets and 20 gram low protein ration (16%) per day for two laying periods. Egg production each group were calculated and observed its fertility among all egg production in one parental. In accordance with that, the results were analyzed descriptively. This pre-treatment, the bird’s mating behaviour becomes a week faster than the normal period. Bird’s fertility is also increasing with the provision of honey in the bird nutrition. In the bird’s pairs in cage’s number 9 and 10 have shown development by producing 3 fertile eggs after being treated with honey. In the previous period showed from 3 eggs only 1 being fertile. Honey has not been able to increase the number of eggs produced by birds. However, there is an enhancement in the animal population up to 25% of the 12 pairs of birds that are used as experimental samples in the captivity. The conclusion of this study shows that honey can accelerate the mating behaviour of birds and can increase the fertility of birds' eggs. However, honey has not yet affected the increase the quantity of the birds' egg. Longer observation’s duration with extra bird’s sample is needed for future research, in order to see the reproduction cycle of birds over several periods. Field research related to nutrition in chemistry nutrition’s fields related the active ingredient in honey that can affect the reproduction system is also important to conducted for further research. Keywords: Oriental Magpie Robin; Eggs Production; Fertility; Mating Behaviour; Honey

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Jacobs, Leonie, Dianna V. Bourassa, Caitlin E. Harris y R. Jeff Buhr. "Euthanasia: Manual Versus Mechanical Cervical Dislocation for Broilers". Animals 9, n.º 2 (1 de febrero de 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9020047.

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The aim was to assess the onset of brain stem death for two euthanasia methods—manual cervical dislocation (CD) versus the Koechner Euthanizing Device (KED). Over three days broilers of 36 (n = 60), 42 (n = 80), or 43 days old (n = 60) were euthanized. On days 2 and 3, a treatment was added in which the bird’s head was extended at a ~90˚ angle after application of the KED (KED+). On those days, gap size was recorded between the skull and atlas vertebra by 1-cm increments. The onset of brain death was assessed by recording the nictitating membrane reflex, gasping reflex and musculoskeletal movements (sec). Additionally, skin damage and blood loss were recorded (y/n). On all days, CD resulted in quicker loss of reflexes and movements compared to KED or KED+. Reflexes returned in 0–15% of CD birds, 50–55% of KED birds, and 40–60% of KED+ birds, possibly regaining consciousness. Skin damage occurred in 0% of CD birds, 68–95% of KED birds, and 85– 95% of KED+ birds. On day 2 (p = 0.065) and 3 (p = 0.008), KED birds had or tended to have a narrower skull-to-atlas gap compared to CD and KED+ birds. Based on our results, CD would be the recommended method for broilers.

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Kumar, Arunachalam. "HOPPING IN BIRDS: IS THE CHOICE OF GAIT INFLUENCED BY CERVICAL MOBILITY AND FIELD OF VISION?" Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 03, n.º 01 (marzo de 2013): 56–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1703634.

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AbstractOne of the more intriguing questions in avian locomotion is why some birds, when on ground, choose to hop while others prefer walking. Biped gait is common to birds as well as the most evolved among mammals, man. Observations made show that, choice of gait in birds is determined by a remote factor–the range and extent of neck mobility. The wider the gamut of cervical mobility, the wider is the 'field of vision' available. Cervical movement capability is perhaps the single most deterministic factor in the bird's choice of terrestrial gait.

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Astuti, Dwi y Siti Nuramaliati Prijono. "Diversity of The Ornate Lorikeet (Trichoglossus ornatus) Birds Based on Mitochondrial DNA Protein Coding Gene". Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 10, n.º 2 (29 de agosto de 2018): 465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i2.13501.

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Ornate lorikeet (Trichoglossus ornatus) is an endemic bird in Sulawesi. Endemism is one of the factors in declining bird’s population. In the case of the birds conservation programme, information about gene diversity is important for basic strategy. Mitochondrial DNA of animals consists of protein coding genes including ND2 gene. This study informs diversity of the Ornate Lorikeet (Trichoglossus ornatus) birds based on DNA sequences of ND2 gene. DNA total was extracted from blood samples of 21 birds. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) was performed and successfully amplified a single DNA fragment of ND2 gene for all birds. DNA fragments were sequenced and totally 997 base pairs were analyzed. NJ tree was constructed using MEGA5. All DNA sequence data showed that between the birds there were 20 polymorphic (segregating) sites with mean genetic distance was 0.004 ± 0.002 (ranged from 0,000 – 0,008), and had 17 sequence haplotypes (HTor1- HTo17). Haplotype diversity (Hd) was 0.967 ± 0.30387 and nucleotide diversity (Pi) was 0.00439 ± 0.0012. Genetic diversity information could be potential relevance to the breeding management for conservation of the birds.

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Burger, Joanna y Michael Gochfeld. "Human Distance and Birds: Tolerance and Response Distances of Resident and Migrant Species in India". Environmental Conservation 18, n.º 2 (1991): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900021743.

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In this report we describe a method of examining the tolerance of birds to humans, namely by measuring the distance to which birds will allow a person to approach them before flying off (flush distance). We studied the tolerance of Indian birds to approaching people by recording the flush distance for 925 individuals of 138 species of residents (birds breeding in India) and migrants (birds that are not known to breed in India). Over 20% of the variance in flush distance was accounted for by the number of people situated within 50 m, the distance to the closest person, the bird's migratory status, the number of people approaching, the time of day, and the bird's total body-length (including tail).For migratory species, 43% of the variability in flush distance was accounted for by distance to the closest other person, time of day, number of people originally within 50 m, number of people approaching, flock size, and species size. For resident species, only 18% of the variance was accounted for by distance to the closest other person, number of people within 50 m, and number of people approaching. Migrants were thus more responsive to the effect of humans, and their response was also influenced by their own size (body length) and flock size. Migratory species were less tolerant of people, flushing sooner than residents, and being more sensitive to the number of approaching people.We suggest that resident birds in North India have become habituated to the non-violent protective behaviour of the Hindu people towards birds, whereas migrants from farther north are more wary. Alternatively migrants, being less familiar than residents with the local predators and hiding places, may be more wary than residents on their home territory. Enhanced wariness results in more time spent alert or fleeing, with resultant greater energy-demand and decreased time for feeding.

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Kato, Reinaldo Kanji, Antonio Gilberto Bertechini, Edison José Fassani, Jerônimo Avito Gonçalves de Brito y Solange de Faria Castro. "Metabolizable energy of corn hybrids for broiler chickens at different ages". Ciência e Agrotecnologia 35, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2011): 1218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542011000600024.

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We determined the values of apparent metabolizable (AME), apparent corrected (AMEn), true (TME) and true corrected (TMEn) energy of six corn hybrids for broiler chickens in phases 1-7, 8-14, 15-21, 22-28, 29-35 and 36-42 day-old birds, using the substitution method (40%) of reference diet with the test ingredient. Ross-308 male chicks (1,134) were allotted to metabolism cages and the number of birds per experimental unit was adjusted to suit each bird's density stage in the cage, using six replicates. Simultaneously, birds continue to fast for the determination of metabolic and endogenous losses for each study phase. The birds received water and food ad libitum during the experimental period. The birds were maintained in metabolism cages for seven days, four days for adaptation to the cage and food, and three days for excreta collection. The corn energy values were significantly lower only in the pre-initial phase (1-7 days). Thus, broiler feed formulations of AMEn values for corn of 3563 kcal/kg DM for 1 to 7 days and 3778 kcal/kg DM from 7-day-old birds are recommended.The agronomic characteristics of the corn had no influence on the birds energy levels.

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Chiappe, Luis M., Guillermo Navalón, Agustín G. Martinelli, Ismar de Souza Carvalho, Rodrigo Miloni Santucci, Yun-Hsin Wu y Daniel J. Field. "Cretaceous bird from Brazil informs the evolution of the avian skull and brain". Nature 635, n.º 8038 (30 de octubre de 2024): 376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08114-4.

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AbstractA dearth of Mesozoic-aged, three-dimensional fossils hinders understanding of the origin of the distinctive skull and brain of modern (crown) birds1. Here we report Navaornis hestiae gen. et sp. nov., an exquisitely preserved fossil species from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil. The skull of Navaornis is toothless and large-eyed, with a vaulted cranium closely resembling the condition in crown birds; however, phylogenetic analyses recover Navaornis in Enantiornithes, a highly diverse clade of Mesozoic stem birds. Despite an overall geometry quantitatively indistinguishable from crown birds, the skull of Navaornis retains numerous plesiomorphies including a maxilla-dominated rostrum, an akinetic palate, a diapsid temporal configuration, a small cerebellum and a weakly expanded telencephalon. These archaic neurocranial traits are combined with a crown bird-like degree of brain flexion and a bony labyrinth comparable in shape to those of many crown birds but substantially larger. Altogether, the emergent cranial geometry of Navaornis shows an unprecedented degree of similarity between crown birds and enantiornithines, groups last sharing a common ancestor more than 130 million years ago2. Navaornis provides long-sought insight into the detailed cranial and endocranial morphology of stem birds phylogenetically crownward of Archaeopteryx, clarifying the pattern and timing by which the distinctive neuroanatomy of living birds was assembled.

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Kushwaha, Pramod Kumar. "Histological Studies of Preen Gland of Some Pet Birds". Academic Voices: A Multidisciplinary Journal 7 (17 de octubre de 2018): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/av.v7i0.21366.

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Preen gland is also known as uropygial gland or oil gland. It is bilobate sebaceous gland possessed by the majority of birds. It is located dorsally at the base of tail between the fourth caudal vertebra and pygostyle and is greatly variable in both shape and size. Most birds preen by rubbing their bill and head over the preen gland pore and then rubbing the accumulated oil over the feathers of the body and wings and the skin of the legs and feet. Birds also distribute the oil over the plumage. During distribute the oil over the plumage. During preening, birds gather oily secretions that contain diester waxes from their oil glands. Preening is a bird’s way of grooming it’s feathers to keep them in the best condition.

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Bocheński, Zbigniew M. "Birds". Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia - Series A: Vertebrata 53, n.º 1 (26 de julio de 2010): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3409/azc.53a_1-2.79.

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Milensky, Christopher M., Wiltshire Hinds, Alexandre Aleixo y C. Lima Maria de Fátima. "BIRDS". Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington 13, n.º 1 (diciembre de 2005): 43–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2988/0097-0298(2005)13[43:b]2.0.co;2.

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Hollywood, Peter. "Birds". Books Ireland, n.º 197 (1996): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20631597.

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Tran, Van-Dang, Hiroyuki Kato y Zhenjiang Hu. "BIRDS". Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 13, n.º 12 (agosto de 2020): 2897–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3415478.3415503.

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Fraser, Peter. "Birds". Homoeopathic Links 22, n.º 01 (2009): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1039302.

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Farrah, David. "Birds". Missouri Review 14, n.º 1 (1991): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mis.1991.0049.

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SHARPE, R. BOWDLER. "BIRDS". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 2nd Series: Zoology 8, n.º 2 (9 de abril de 2009): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1900.tb00310.x.

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Ottinger, Mary Ann. "Birds". Experimental Gerontology 26, n.º 5 (enero de 1991): 426–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0531-5565(91)90031-g.

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Lerner, Lexi. "Birds". JAMA 329, n.º 22 (13 de junio de 2023): 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.8236.

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Meredith, Emily. "FLAP Birds—Dealing with Migratory Birds". Wildlife Rehabilitation Bulletin 28, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2010): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.53607/wrb.v28.104.

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During spring and fall migrations, birds migrating during the night are attracted by city lights and often collide with Toronto high–rise buildings. Birds also crash into windows during the day as the reflections create an illusion of open sky. Toronto Wildlife Centre (TWC) works with the Fatal Light Awareness Program (FLAP) to assess and treat the birds that have been injured. In peak flight times 20 to100 birds can arrive at the centre daily. The arrival of so many birds can be a daunting task if one is unprepared. Discussion focuses on how to deal with these rehabilitation patients, the most common injuries, housing, and diet concerns.

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Juan Pablo, Ardila Falla. "Birds of Empire, Birds of Nation". Revista de Estudios Sociales, n.º 49 (mayo de 2014): 226–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7440/res49.2014.20.

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Dredge, Ken y Maureen Dredge. "Gluepot Campout – The Birds, the Birds!" Castlemaine Naturalist 22, n.º 272 (noviembre de 2000): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.400647.

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Hirsch, Boris, Elke J. Jahn y Thomas Zwick. "Birds, Birds, Birds: Co‐Worker Similarity, Workplace Diversity and Job Switches". British Journal of Industrial Relations 58, n.º 3 (2 de diciembre de 2019): 690–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjir.12509.

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Zink, Robert M. "Peterson Flash Guides (Hawks, Eastern Trailside Birds, Western Trailside Birds, Atlantic Coastal Birds, Pacific Coastal Birds, Backyard Birds) Roger Tory Peterson". Auk 114, n.º 1 (enero de 1997): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4089092.

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Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra. "PREDICTING THE GROWTH CURVE OF BODY WEIGHT IN MALEO BIRDS (MACROCEPHALON MALEO)". OISAA Journal of Indonesia Emas 4, n.º 2 (15 de junio de 2021): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.52162/jie.2021.004.02.4.

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Maleo bird (Macrocephalon maleo) is the one of protected bird’s species and originated from Sulawesi island of Indonesia. This study was carried out to obtain the growth curve of body weight (BW) in mixed-sex Maleo birds from hatching to yearling ages. The growth curve in this study was calculated with non-linear regression of Logistic (L) and Gompertz (G) models using CurveExprt 1.4. computer program. The primary data in this study was cited from previous study through a literature study. Research showed that the asymptotic weight (A) in birds was 1825.34 g (L) and 3429.23 g (G). The weight of inflection (Wi) in studied birds were 912.67 g (L) and 1260.75 g (G). The time of inflection (ti) in birds was 8.51 months (L) and 11.00 months (G). The maximum growth rate in birds was 159.72 g/month (L) and 151.29 g/month (G). The coefficient of determination (R2) in both models included of very high category (0.80<R2<1.00) but the lower of standard error (SE) value showed in L model. It can be concluded that the non-linear regression of Logistic model can be used as BW predictors in mixed-sex Maleo birds.

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Hilgartner, Roland, Mamisolo Raoilison, Willhelm Büttiker, David C. Lees y Harald W. Krenn. "Malagasy birds as hosts for eye-frequenting moths". Biology Letters 3, n.º 2 (4 de enero de 2007): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0581.

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While tear-feeding in moths on mammals is widespread, there have been no reports of this behaviour in Madagascar and none on birds. We report that a moth, Hemiceratoides hieroglyphica belonging to the Calpini, a generally fruit-feeding or blood-feeding lineage of noctuids, attacks sleeping birds in Madagascar. This moth is able to intrude its sharply tipped proboscis into a closed bird's eye. The proboscis is characterized by a specific armoury of hooks, barbs and spines similar to that in piercing calpines but dissimilar to that in other tear-feeding moths. This is the first report of exploitation of tears by Lepidoptera from the closed eyes of sleeping birds.

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Falke, Cassandra. "Thinking with Birds: John Clare and the Phenomenology of Perception". Romanticism 26, n.º 2 (julio de 2020): 180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/rom.2020.0463.

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John Clare's bird's nest poems create much of their dramatic interest by emphasising the vulnerability of the birds, the fragility of the eggs, and the interdependence of the surrounding ecosystem. This essay draws on concepts from French phenomenology to discuss the poet-speaker's embeddedness in a particular moment within that ecosystem and the extent to which his own vulnerability facilitates empathy with the birds he meets. Clare foregrounds the tension between pre-reflective processes, which Maurice Merleau-Ponty calls ‘operative intentionality’, and the categorical concepts or expectations that fail to account for these. He establishes the birds' own perceptive acts as part of what is given within operative intentionality, without claiming that his understanding is adequate to thinking with a bird or conceptualizing the delight of discovery. Jean-Luc Marion's concept of ‘saturated phenomenality’ provides a means of describing the surplus of what phenomenologists call ‘intuition’, to which Clare's bird's nest poems often attest.

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Tolpysheva, T. Yu. "Lichens in birds nest construction of chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs)". SOCIALNO-ECOLOGICHESKIE TECHNOLOGII 9, n.º 1 (2019): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2500-2961-2019-9-1-113-120.

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Chaffinch used epiphytic foliose lichen Hypogymnia physodes for construction of nest. The living fragments of thallus were tenuously attached by their lower black surface to the outward side of the birds nest. Abundance of this species on the trees around the bird’s nest of chaffinch showed that lichen was used for camouflage of birds’ nest. In addition single thallus fragments of foliose lichen Parmelia sulcata were used with this purpose too.

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Atmoko, T., A. W. Nugroho y Mukhlisi. "Bird’s species response to the ex-coal mining reclamation stages". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1027, n.º 1 (1 de mayo de 2022): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1027/1/012009.

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Abstract Birds played an essential role in the life cycle. This study aimed to determine the bird diversity in coal mining reclamation areas with different ages of reclamation plants: one, four, and eight years old, located in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The bird diversity was determined using two methods: direct observation and capture-released using mist nets. The birds captured by mist nets were identified, and morphometric measurements were conducted. The results showed 26 species of birds found in this study. Birds species were dominated by Blue-throated bee-eater (Merops viridis), Yellow-vented bulbul (Pycnonotus goiavier), Asian-glossy starling (Aplonis panayensis), and Javan myna (Acridotheres javanicus). The bird’s diversity in the reclamation area with four years of reclamation plants was higher than the other areas. However, the number of birds in the reclamation area with eight years of reclamation plants was the highest. Differences in habitat conditions in the three research areas might cause a low similarity index of bird diversity. Javan myna and Yellow-vented bulbul were found in all research sites. In conclusion, pioneer bird species were observed during the early process of post-coal mining reclamation. The existence of cover crops was essential as a source of food for the birds and nests.

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Subramaniyan, Sivakumar y Thomas Nithiyanandam Ganesan. "Insectivorous Birds: Tharangambadi Seashore and Adjoined Places as the Potential for Feed". UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 44, n.º 19 (5 de septiembre de 2023): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2023/v44i193629.

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The birds which are forage in wetlands are likely to be insectivores. Due to the course of the life cycle of insects, the birds have an enormous amount of feed for their survival. The study revealed that, diversity and distribution of birds in relation to the insect diversity in Tharangambadi Sea shores, Mayiladuthurai District, Tamil Nadu from January 2017 to December 2017. The total count method was employed for the observation of birds. Collection of the insect by the scooping nets in the aquatic environment and quartets in the terrestrial environment was used. The results showed that 56 species of birds were encountered from 14 orders. Among the 56 species of birds, insectivores (41%) dominated followed by carnivore (20%), piscivore (14%), omnivore (11%), granivore (9%), frugivore (3%) and nectivores (2%). The insectivorous bird's species richness was high in the season post-monsoon (23) followed by Monsoon (22), pre-monsoon (20), and summer (19). The abundance was high during the post-monsoon (797) followed by monsoon (756), pre-monsoon (372), and summer (279) (F= 4.059; p<0.01). Simultaneously, the insect species richness was high during the season of post-monsoon, monsoon, pre-monsoon (19), and summer (18). The abundance was high during the post-monsoon (545) followed by monsoon (430), pre-monsoon (399), and summer (377) (F=0.5647; p>0.01). The insects and insectivorous birds' species richness and abundance were correlated positively. It concluded that insectivorous avian diversity and abundance were high during the insects’ abundance and diversity. Therefore, the Tharagambadi seashore is a potential habitat for insectivorous birds.

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36

HAVEN WILEY, R., W. H. Piper, Manee Archawaranon y Elizabeth Wyrick Thompson. "Singing in Relation To Social Dominance and Testosterone in White-Throated Sparrows". Behaviour 127, n.º 3-4 (1993): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853993x00010.

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Abstract Singing by white-throated sparrows Zonotrichia albicollis during the winter in natural situations occurred most frequently among birds with high rank in a dominance hierarchy. Genetic morph, age and sex had no significant influence on singing during winter. Among testosterone-implanted birds in small groups in large aviaries, dominance rank strongly influenced singing. Testosterone-treated birds with top rank sang most frequently, those with second rank less, and those with lower rank never. As a testosterone-treated bird's rank changed in the course of regroupings with new opponents, its frequency of singing also changed. Dominance in a group thus interacted with testosterone to promote singing. In addition, grouped birds in May before treatment with testosterone did not sing. As a consequence, it seems likely that the normal seasonal development of territorial behavior and singing involves cascading interactions of endocrine states and social circumstances.

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Aman, Euhid y Hwang-Cheng Wang. "A Deep Learning-Based Embedded System for Pest Bird Sound Detection and Proximity Estimation". European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 9, n.º 1 (13 de febrero de 2024): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2024.9.1.3150.

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Cultivating crops is vital for driving economies, and maintaining agricultural fields is crucial for sustaining food production. This initiative centers on addressing the issue of pest birds, specifically starlings, within vineyards. The proposed strategy employs sound signals to detect and distinguish starling birds within the vineyard environment. Through an analysis of audio inputs from the surroundings, the system can effectively recognize unique sound patterns associated with starling birds, utilizing deep learning techniques. Furthermore, this project incorporates ultrasonic sensors for distance estimation, enabling the calculation of the bird’s proximity from a fixed point within the vineyard. All of these detection and estimation processes are executed on a RP2040 microcontroller, specifically the Cortex-M0+ 133 MHz variant. Following the detection phase, an autonomous vehicle equipped with red diode lasers can be dispatched to the designated location to deter the pest birds and safeguard the vineyards from unwanted disruptions and crop losses.

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38

Ouellet, Henri. "Peterson Flash Guides: Backyard Birds, Atlantic Coastal Birds, Pacific Coastal Birds, Hawks, Eastern Trailside Birds, Western Trailside Birds, by Roger Tory Peterson [Review]". Canadian field-naturalist 111, n.º 4 (1997): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.358297.

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39

Rocha e Silva, Roberta Cristina da, William Maciel Cardoso, Régis Siqueira de Castro Teixeira, Camila Muniz Cavalcante, Clarice Pessoa Almeida, Felipe Pereira Sampaio y Francisco Sérgio Lopes Vasconcelos Filho. "Clinical signs in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix) experimentally infected with Salmonella Gallinarum". Acta Veterinaria Brasilica 10, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 2016): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.21708/avb.2016.10.3.5691.

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Fowl typhoid a high-impact disease in the poultry industry, this study aims to verify the clinical signs of the disease in experimentally inoculated with quail Salmonella Gallinarum 54 Japanese female quails were distributed into two groups. The inoculated group (GI) SG (32 quail) and control group (CG) (16 birds). A total of six birds were euthanized before the start of the experiment, organs samples (liver, spleen, ovarian follicles, cecum and lung) were collected for the microbiological analysis. The birds of the GI group received 0,7mL of inoculum (1.5x106 CFU/mL) and birds of the CG group received 0,7 mL of saline solution. Thereafter, the quails were observed for ten consecutive days in three daily periods (8:00, 11:00 e 14:00) in order to observe clinical signs of disease. After four days of inoculation was verified prostration, apathy, ruffled feathers, diarrhea, bird's stay in the corner of the cage with closed eyes and reluctance to move (13/32). Some macroscopic changes were observed in euthanized birds with clinical signs like splenomegaly and splenic necrosis in 84,6% (11/13) and 23,0% (3/13) respectively, hepatomegaly and liver necrosis in 15,4% (2/13) e 23% (3/13) respectively, and atrophy and hemorrhage of ovarian follicles in 15,4% (2/13) and 7,7% (1/13) respectively. the birds that died was observed only hepatosplenomegaly. So we can conclude experimentally inoculated with Salmonella Gallinarum quail have the typical clinical signs of fowl typhoid observed in others birds of Galliforme order.

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40

Baker, Jack, Kerinne J. Harvey y Kris French. "Threats from introduced birds to native birds". Emu - Austral Ornithology 114, n.º 1 (marzo de 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu12122.

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Paul-Murphy, Joanne R., David B. Brunson y Vjekoslav Miletic. "A technique for evaluating analgesia in conscious perching birds". American Journal of Veterinary Research 60, n.º 10 (1 de octubre de 1999): 1213. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1999.60.10.1213.

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Abstract Objective To develop a technique for objective assessment of modulation of nociperception in conscious perching birds. Animals 31 adult African grey parrots. Procedure Birds were randomly assigned to receive saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (n = 10), butorphanol tartrate (11), or buprenorphine hydrochloride (10), IM. Birds were fitted with a surface electrode on the medial metatarsus of 1 leg. An electrical stimulus was delivered to the bird’s foot through an aluminum surface on half of the perch. The alternate side of the perch delivered a noxious thermal stimulus. A withdrawal response to either stimulus was recorded when the bird lifted its foot or vigorously flinched its wings. Results Responses to thermal stimuli were extremely variable during baseline testing and after administration of drugs. Thus, significant differences were not detected after drug injection. In contrast, responses to an electrical stimulus were predictable with much less variation. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance This method and device allowed for the reliable determination of withdrawal threshold in perching birds. Use of this technique for objective assessment of modulation of nociperception in conscious perching birds will enable assessment of analgesic drugs. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1213–1217)

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42

Agil, Muhamad, Miranda, Nafla Maulida y Muhammad Subhan Nur Pratamaullah. "Identifikasi Keanekaragaman Jenis Burung di Kawasan Kampus UIN Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris Samarinda Kalimantan Timur". Biotropic : The Journal of Tropical Biology 8, n.º 1 (28 de febrero de 2024): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.29080/biotropic.v8i1.1992.

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The State Islamic University of Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris (UINSI) Samarinda is a state Islamic campus in East Kalimantan that has good vegetation conditions so there are various types of birds in the area. This research aims to know the different kinds of bird that exist in the region of UINSI Samarinda Campus so as to be a first step towards conservation efforts. The method used in this study is Point Count by observing birds at a specified location. The bird identification was done with the help of MacKinnon's books. The data obtained was analyzed by the diversity index (H’), the relative abundance index (IKR), the redness index (E), the richness index of the species and its conservation status. The results of the study obtained 16 species of birds that are known to have one species endemic to Kalimantan, namely Lonchura fuscans. The analysis of the bird's H’ value of 2.19, the highest IKR is Passer montanus of 25.89%, the E value of 0.76, and the species richness index of 3.22. In addition, the conservation status of the birds found is 14 species of birds with Least Concern status (LC), one Vulnerable status (VU) and one Endangered status. (EN).

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Ariez, Mujeeburrahman, Mohammad Ismail Larawai y Hedayatullah Salari. "Climate Change Effects on Bird’s population in Afghanistan". Nangarhar University International Journal of Biosciences 03, ICCC(special) (10 de febrero de 2024): 300–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.70436/nuijb.v3i02.223.

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Climate change is one of the most serious environmental problem of the centuries which has affected all ecological processes and life on the earth. Birds play important role in ecologial stability and socio econimic development of socities. Climate change and overexpliotation are two major chalanges against conservation of birds diversity in the world specially in Afghanistan. Given the issues, this online survey based research was undertaken during 2021 to assess the level of knowledge about climate change among people, its possible impacts on bird’s population and conservation strategies to cope with climate change in Afghanistan. Results of the study revealed that 95.1% of the respondents were aware about climate change. Source of information about climate change was also different among respondents as 50.6% had their own experience while 34.6% get information from internet and radio and telvosion was source of information for 6.2% of respondents. 71.6% of respondets know about different impacts of climate change. Climate change negitavely affected bird’s population as 91.4/% of people said that bird’s population had drastically decreased, on the other hand 86.4% of people claim that they miss many birds species during last two decades. Based on these findings it is suggested that habitat restoration is the most accepted conservation policy in Afghanistan context.

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Nalle, C. L., M. A. J. Supit, A. H. Angi y N. S. Yuliani. "The Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Aflatoxin B1 Residue, and Histopathological Changes of Broilers Exposed to Dietary Mycosorb". Tropical Animal Science Journal 44, n.º 2 (junio de 2021): 160–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2021.44.2.160.

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Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most dangerous type of aflatoxin that can impair poultry productivity even in low concentrations. The harmful effects of AFB1 should be minimized. The present study was conducted to evaluate the performance, nutrient digestibility, AFB1 residue, and histopathological changes of broilers fed AFB1 diets supplemented with mycosorb. Two hundred-forty 1-day old broiler chicks were allocated randomly to 24 pens (10 birds/pen). The experimental design was a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement, with AFB1 level and yeast glucomannan (mycosorb) supplementation as the main factors. The treatment diets were control diet; control diet + mycosorb; AFB1 diets (10.36 ppb); AFB1 diets (10.36 ppb) + mycosorb; AFB1 diets (26.97 ppb); AFB1 diets (26.97 ppb) + mycosorb; AFB1 diets (61.06 ppb); AFB1 diets (61.06 ppb) + mycosorb. The results showed that there was no interaction effect was found between the level of AFB1 and mycosorb on the performance and nutrient digestibility. The level of AFB1 did not affect dry matter digestibility coefficient but affected (p<0.05) crude fat digestibility coefficient of broilers. Except for proventriculus, level of AFB1 did not affect bird’s gut size. AFB1 residue was not detected in the broiler tissues fed all diets. Mycosorb alone ameliorated (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) of growing birds. The birds fed 61.06 ppb AFB1 diets had darker liver than those fed similar diets added with mycosorb. The addition of mycosorb in AFB1 diets did not heal the hemorrhagic intestines of the birds. In conclusion, feeding low level of AFB1 diets added with mycosorb did not improve the bird’s performance, nutrient digestibility, or gut health. Mycosorb alone improved feed efficiency of the experimental birds.

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45

Abeke, F. O., G. S. Bawa y M. H. Bot. "Response of broiler chickens to graded levels of locust beans (Parkia biglobosa) pulp meal". Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 40, n.º 1 (28 de diciembre de 2020): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v40i1.627.

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Two hundred and twenty five, day-old Arbour Acre broiler birds were use to investigate the effect of graded dietary levels of Parkia biglobosa pulp meal (PBPM) on the performance, haematological and carcass parameters of the birds from 0-8 weeks of age. Five isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were formulated to contain PBPM at 0,10,20, 30 and 40 percent respectively making a total of 5 treatments. Each treatment was replicated three times with 15 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design experiment. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. Records taken included weekly weight changes and weekly feed intake. There was no record of mortality throughout the duration of the experiment. Results obtained showed a decrease in the bird’s performance as the dietary levels of the pulp increased. The final weight (g/b) and weight gain (g/b/day) decreased from 2122 and 33.91 for the control to1309 and 20.97 for the 40% inclusion level of PBPM meal respectively However birds placed on 10% dietary level had a performance that were not significantly (P>0.05) different from those placed on the control diet which were on standard broiler starter and finisher rations. Also it was observed that values obtained for the haematological parameters fall within the range often reported for healthy birds indicating that the pulp did not impart any deleterious effect on the health of the birds. It can be concluded that broiler chickens can be fed up to 10% dietary level of PBPM without adverse effect on the performance of the birds.

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Akter, Suraiya, Bin Cheng, Derek West, Yingying Liu, Yan Qian, Xiuguo Zou, John Classen, Hernan Cordova, Edgar Oviedo y Lingjuan Wang-Li. "Impacts of Air Velocity Treatments under Summer Condition: Part I—Heavy Broiler’s Surface Temperature Response". Animals 12, n.º 3 (29 de enero de 2022): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12030328.

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Heavy broilers exposed to hot summer conditions experience fluctuations in surface temperatures due to heat stress, which leads to decreased performance. Maintaining a bird’s homeostasis depends on several environmental factors (temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity). It is important to understand the responses of birds to environmental factors and the amount of heat loss to the surrounding environment to create thermal comfort for the heavy broilers for improved performances and welfare. This study investigates the variation in surface temperatures of heavy broilers under high and low air velocity treatments. Daytime, age and bird location’s effect on the surface temperature variation was also examined. The experiment was carried out in the poultry engineering laboratory of North Carolina State University during summers of 2017, 2018, and 2019 as a part of a comprehensive study on the effectiveness of wind chill application to mitigate heat stress on heavy broilers. This live broiler heat stress experiment was conducted under two dynamic air velocity treatments (high and low) with three chambers per treatment and 44 birds per chamber. Surface temperatures of the birds were recorded periodically through the experimental treatment cycles (flocks, 35–61 d) with infrared thermography in the morning, noon, evening, and nighttime. The overall mean surface temperature of the broilers under two treatments was found to be 35.89 ± 2.37 °C. The variation in surface temperature happened due to air temperature, thermal index, air velocity, bird’s age, daytime, and position of birds inside the experimental chambers. The surface temperatures were found lower under high air velocity treatment and higher under low air velocity treatment. During the afternoon time, the broilers’ surface temperatures were higher than other times of the day. It was also found that the birds’ surface temperature increased with age and temperature humidity indices. Based upon the experimental data of five flocks, a simple linear regression model was developed to predict surface temperature from the birds’ age, thermal indices, and air velocity. It will help assess heavy broilers’ thermal comfort under heat stress, which is essential to provide a comfortable environment for them.

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47

Salazar-Rivera, Gabriela I., Lázaro R. Sánchez-Velásquez y Ernesto Ruelas Inzunza. "Passage Through a Bird’s Gut Confers a Germination Head Start to the Seeds of the Nightshade Witheringia stramoniifolia". Tropical Conservation Science 13 (enero de 2020): 194008292093109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1940082920931093.

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In frugivory networks, birds offer plants the advantage of dispersing their seeds away from the parent plants in exchange for macronutrients, primarily sugars, and water. The benefits for birds are clear, as they obtain food and water from fruits, and highly variable for plants, as birds may act in ways that vary from effective dispersers to seed predators. We studied two common species that interact frequently in the frugivory network of a Neotropical, periurban park: The clay-colored thrush ( Turdus grayi) and a nightshade ( Witheringia stramoniifolia), in order to evaluate the advantage of passing its seeds through a bird’s gut. We set up an investigation using captive thrushes that we fed with fruits of W. stramoniifolia. We had four experimental treatments: in two of them, seeds that had passed through the digestive tract of thrushes were germinated under greenhouse and controlled conditions; in the remaining two treatments, we germinated seeds that were not consumed by thrushes and were likewise germinated under greenhouse and controlled conditions. W. stramoniifolia seeds consumed by birds had a germination onset that was 1 to 2 weeks earlier than nonconsumed seeds. Mean germination rate and final germinability, however, did not differ significantly among treatments. In our study, passage through a bird’s gut accelerates the germination onset of seeds, an advantage that possibly enhances seedling establishment, but is not indispensable, for the dispersal of W. stramoniifolia. This bird–plant relationship ultimately accounts to a true mutualism.

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Lemos, Môsar, Roberta de Oliveira Resende Ribeiro, Fábio Júnior Targino, André Luiz de Almeida, Luiz Paulo Luzes Fedullo, Jeferson Rocha Pires, Celso Fasura Balthazar, Sérgio Borges Mano y Eliane Teixeira Mársico. "Mercury in liver and feathers of some birds of prey in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil: Preliminary results". Research, Society and Development 13, n.º 7 (28 de julio de 2024): e13713746441. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i7.46441.

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Birds of prey at higher trophic levels are particularly vulnerable to mercury pollution and can serve as indicators of trace elements in different ecosystems. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of mercury in feathers and livers in some birds of prey that occur in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Eleven livers were collected from birds of pray during routine necropsies performed at the Rio de Janeiro Zoological Garden, and the feathers from animals in rehabilitation/release process. The results showed mercury concentrations ranged from 0.5 mg / kg to 1.3074 mg / kg in livers and from 0.3376 mg / kg to 3.000 mg / kg in feathers. Liver samples can be collected through invasive methods like biopsies, which involve anesthesia and handling of the bird, or during routine necropsies in zoological collections, breeding grounds, and from deceased birds found in the field, especially those affected by trampling or firearm injuries. Alternatively, analyzing feathers for mercury provides a practical, cost-effective, and non-invasive method that avoids risking harm to the bird's physical well-being.

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Barta, Zoltán, John M. McNamara, Alasdair I. Houston, Thomas P. Weber, Anders Hedenström y Orsolya Feró. "Optimal moult strategies in migratory birds". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, n.º 1490 (6 de agosto de 2007): 211–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2136.

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Avian migration, which involves billions of birds flying vast distances, is known to influence all aspects of avian life. Here we investigate how birds fit moult into an annual cycle determined by the need to migrate. Large variation exists in moulting patterns in relation to migration: for instance, moult can occur after breeding in the summer or after arrival in the wintering quarters. Here we use an optimal annual routine model to investigate why this variation exists. The modelled bird's decisions depend on the time of year, its energy reserves, breeding status, experience, flight feather quality and location. Our results suggest that the temporal and spatial variations in food are an important influence on a migratory bird's annual cycle. Summer moult occurs when food has a high peak on the breeding site in the summer, but it is less seasonal elsewhere. Winter moult occurs if there is a short period of high food availability in summer and a strong winter peak at different locations (i.e. the food is very seasonal but in opposite phase on these areas). This finding might explain why only long-distance migrants have a winter moult.

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50

Hedenstrom, A. y F. Liechti. "Field estimates of body drag coefficient on the basis of dives in passerine birds". Journal of Experimental Biology 204, n.º 6 (15 de marzo de 2001): 1167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.6.1167.

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During forward flight, a bird's body generates drag that tends to decelerate its speed. By flapping its wings, or by converting potential energy into work if gliding, the bird produces both lift and thrust to balance the pull of gravity and drag. In flight mechanics, a dimensionless number, the body drag coefficient (C(D,par)), describes the magnitude of the drag caused by the body. The drag coefficient depends on the shape (or streamlining), the surface texture of the body and the Reynolds number. It is an important variable when using flight mechanical models to estimate the potential migratory flight range and characteristic flight speeds of birds. Previous wind tunnel measurements on dead, frozen bird bodies indicated that C(D,par) is 0.4 for small birds, while large birds should have lower values of approximately 0.2. More recent studies of a few birds flying in a wind tunnel suggested that previous values probably overestimated C(D,par). We measured maximum dive speeds of passerine birds during the spring migration across the western Mediterranean. When the birds reach their top speed, the pull of gravity should balance the drag of the body (and wings), giving us an opportunity to estimate C(D,par). Our results indicate that C(D,par) decreases with increasing Reynolds number within the range 0.17-0.77, with a mean C(D,par) of 0.37 for small passerines. A somewhat lower mean value could not be excluded because diving birds may control their speed below the theoretical maximum. Our measurements therefore support the notion that 0.4 (the ‘old’ default value) is a realistic value of C(D,par) for small passerines.

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