Artículos de revistas: "Biopolymer Gels"

1

Clark, Allan H. "Biopolymer gels". Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science 1, n.º 6 (diciembre de 1996): 712–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-0294(96)80072-0.

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2

Zasypkin, D. V., E. E. Braudo y V. B. Tolstoguzov. "Multicomponent biopolymer gels". Food Hydrocolloids 11, n.º 2 (abril de 1997): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0268-005x(97)80023-9.

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3

Stading, Mats, Maud Langton y Anne-Marie Hermansson. "Inhomogeneous biopolymer gels". Makromolekulare Chemie. Macromolecular Symposia 76, n.º 1 (noviembre de 1993): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.19930760138.

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4

da Luz, Tayla Gabriela, Valber Sales y Raquel Dalla Costa da Rocha. "Evaluation of technology potential of Aloe arborescens biopolymer in galvanic effluent treatment". Water Science and Technology 2017, n.º 1 (23 de febrero de 2018): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.082.

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Abstract Biopolymers have the ability to form gels that can be used in coagulation/flocculation processes. For this reason, the present work evaluated the application of the Aloe arborescens gel as a biopolymer in the treatment of the effluent generated in galvanic processes. The centesimal, thermogravimetric and texture profiles, as well as the functional groups and the biopolymer's performance in the treatment was analyzed. The performance results were evaluated by central composite rotational design 23. The variables biopolymer concentration, aluminum sulphate and initial pH of the effluent were significant at the confidence level of 95%. The Cr(VI) removal efficiency ranged from 6.37% to 37.74%; significant reductions in dissolved solids (89.80% to 94.13%) and suspended solids (71.06% to 90.00%) were also observed. The treated effluent still presents parameters above the regulatory limits stated by the legislation, therefore, the biopolymer could be used as initial treatment for solids removal.

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5

Silva, Karen Cristina Guedes y Ana Carla Kawazoe Sato. "Biopolymer gels containing fructooligosaccharides". Food Research International 101 (noviembre de 2017): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2017.08.042.

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6

Ilić-Stojanović, Snežana, Ljubiša Nikolić y Suzana Cakić. "A Review of Patents and Innovative Biopolymer-Based Hydrogels". Gels 9, n.º 7 (7 de julio de 2023): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9070556.

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Biopolymers represent a great resource for the development and utilization of new functional materials due to their particular advantages such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxicity. “Intelligent gels” sensitive to different stimuli (temperature, pH, ionic strength) have different applications in many industries (e.g., pharmacy, biomedicine, food). This review summarizes the research efforts presented in the patent and non-patent literature. A discussion was conducted regarding biopolymer-based hydrogels such as natural proteins (i.e., fibrin, silk fibroin, collagen, keratin, gelatin) and polysaccharides (i.e., chitosan, hyaluronic acid, cellulose, carrageenan, alginate). In this analysis, the latest advances in the modification and characterization of advanced biopolymeric formulations and their state-of-the-art administration in drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine were addressed.

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7

Lee, Jae-Ho, John P. Gustin, Tianhong Chen, Gregory F. Payne y Srinivasa R. Raghavan. "Vesicle−Biopolymer Gels: Networks of Surfactant Vesicles Connected by Associating Biopolymers". Langmuir 21, n.º 1 (enero de 2005): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la048194+.

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8

Jones, Christopher A. R., Matthew Cibula, Jingchen Feng, Emma A. Krnacik, David H. McIntyre, Herbert Levine y Bo Sun. "Micromechanics of cellularized biopolymer networks". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, n.º 37 (31 de agosto de 2015): E5117—E5122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1509663112.

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Collagen gels are widely used in experiments on cell mechanics because they mimic the extracellular matrix in physiological conditions. Collagen gels are often characterized by their bulk rheology; however, variations in the collagen fiber microstructure and cell adhesion forces cause the mechanical properties to be inhomogeneous at the cellular scale. We study the mechanics of type I collagen on the scale of tens to hundreds of microns by using holographic optical tweezers to apply pN forces to microparticles embedded in the collagen fiber network. We find that in response to optical forces, particle displacements are inhomogeneous, anisotropic, and asymmetric. Gels prepared at 21 °C and 37 °C show qualitative difference in their micromechanical characteristics. We also demonstrate that contracting cells remodel the micromechanics of their surrounding extracellular matrix in a strain- and distance-dependent manner. To further understand the micromechanics of cellularized extracellular matrix, we have constructed a computational model which reproduces the main experiment findings.

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9

Lips, A., P. M. Hart y A. H. Clark. "Compressive de-swelling of biopolymer gels". Food Hydrocolloids 2, n.º 2 (junio de 1988): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0268-005x(88)80012-2.

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10

Picout, David R. y Simon B. Ross-Murphy. "Rheology of Biopolymer Solutions and Gels". Scientific World JOURNAL 3 (2003): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2003.15.

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Rheological techniques and methods have been employed for many decades in the characterization of polymers. Originally developed and used on synthetic polymers, rheology has then found much interest in the field of natural (bio) polymers. This review concentrates on introducing the fundamentals of rheology and on discussing the rheological aspects and properties of the two major classes of biopolymers: polysaccharides and proteins. An overview of both their solution properties (dilute to semi-dilute) and gel properties is described.

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11

Mahmood, Ayaz, Dev Patel, Brandon Hickson, John DesRochers y Xiao Hu. "Recent Progress in Biopolymer-Based Hydrogel Materials for Biomedical Applications". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n.º 3 (26 de enero de 2022): 1415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031415.

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Hydrogels from biopolymers are readily synthesized, can possess various characteristics for different applications, and have been widely used in biomedicine to help with patient treatments and outcomes. Polysaccharides, polypeptides, and nucleic acids can be produced into hydrogels, each for unique purposes depending on their qualities. Examples of polypeptide hydrogels include collagen, gelatin, and elastin, and polysaccharide hydrogels include alginate, cellulose, and glycosaminoglycan. Many different theories have been formulated to research hydrogels, which include Flory-Rehner theory, Rubber Elasticity Theory, and the calculation of porosity and pore size. All these theories take into consideration enthalpy, entropy, and other thermodynamic variables so that the structure and pore sizes of hydrogels can be formulated. Hydrogels can be fabricated in a straightforward process using a homogeneous mixture of different chemicals, depending on the intended purpose of the gel. Different types of hydrogels exist which include pH-sensitive gels, thermogels, electro-sensitive gels, and light-sensitive gels and each has its unique biomedical applications including structural capabilities, regenerative repair, or drug delivery. Major biopolymer-based hydrogels used for cell delivery include encapsulated skeletal muscle cells, osteochondral muscle cells, and stem cells being delivered to desired locations for tissue regeneration. Some examples of hydrogels used for drug and biomolecule delivery include insulin encapsulated hydrogels and hydrogels that encompass cancer drugs for desired controlled release. This review summarizes these newly developed biopolymer-based hydrogel materials that have been mainly made since 2015 and have shown to work and present more avenues for advanced medical applications.

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12

Belavtseva, E. M., Yu A. Klyachko y A. G. Filatova. "Electron microscopy of gels of biopolymer systems". Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics 75, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2011): 1254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1062873811090048.

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13

ROHM, H., DORIS JAROS y JULIA BENEDIKT. "CONSTANT STRAIN RATE COMPRESSION OF BIOPOLYMER GELS". Journal of Texture Studies 26, n.º 6 (febrero de 1996): 665–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4603.1996.tb00989.x.

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14

Fernández Farrés, I., R. J. A. Moakes y I. T. Norton. "Designing biopolymer fluid gels: A microstructural approach". Food Hydrocolloids 42 (diciembre de 2014): 362–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.03.014.

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15

Janmey, Paul A., Margaret E. McCormick, Sebastian Rammensee, Jennifer L. Leight, Penelope C. Georges y Fred C. MacKintosh. "Negative normal stress in semiflexible biopolymer gels". Nature Materials 6, n.º 1 (24 de diciembre de 2006): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat1810.

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16

Volkova, Nataliia, Mariia Yukhta, Larisa Sokil, Lydmila Chernyschenko y Anatoliy Goltsev. "Biopolymer gels for vitrification of seminiferous tubules". Cryobiology 109 (diciembre de 2022): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2022.11.200.

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17

Foegeding, E. Allen. "Rheology and sensory texture of biopolymer gels". Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science 12, n.º 4-5 (octubre de 2007): 242–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2007.07.001.

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18

Horkay, Ferenc, Anne-Marie Hecht y Erik Geissler. "Similarities between polyelectrolyte gels and biopolymer solutions". Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 44, n.º 24 (2006): 3679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.21008.

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19

Wang, Haiqin y Xinpeng Xu. "Continuum elastic models for force transmission in biopolymer gels". Soft Matter 16, n.º 48 (2020): 10781–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sm01451f.

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20

Wassén, Sophia, Romain Bordes, Tobias Gebäck, Diana Bernin, Erich Schuster, Niklas Lorén y Anne-Marie Hermansson. "Probe diffusion in phase-separated bicontinuous biopolymer gels". Soft Matter 10, n.º 41 (2014): 8276–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sm01513d.

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21

McEvoy, H., S. B. Ross-Murphy y A. H. Clark. "Large deformation and ultimate properties of biopolymer gels: 1. Single biopolymer component systems". Polymer 26, n.º 10 (septiembre de 1985): 1483–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(85)90081-3.

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22

Venkataraman, Pradeep, Joy St. Dennis, Rubo Zheng, Jaspreet Arora, Olasehinde Owoseni, Vijay T. John y Srinivasa Raghavan. "Self-Assembling Gels of a Hydrophobically Modified Biopolymer". MRS Proceedings 1622 (2014): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.268.

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AbstractThe self-assembly of a hydrophobically modified biopolymer (chitosan) is described with particular reference to gelation of these systems. The hydrophobic modification consists of the attachment of long chain alkyl groups inserted randomly along the polysaccharide backbone. The attachment of these alkyl groups to hydrophobic surfaces or the insertion into nonpolar liquids provides a ubiquitous and versatile way to create hierarchical structures, particularly the formation of self-assembled gels. Such self-assembly can be used in a variety of new technologies relating to chromatography, lubrication and the environmental remediation of oil spills through gelation of surface layers.

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23

Hunt, Nicola C. y Liam M. Grover. "Cell encapsulation using biopolymer gels for regenerative medicine". Biotechnology Letters 32, n.º 6 (13 de febrero de 2010): 733–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10529-010-0221-0.

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24

Jang, L. K., S. L. Lopez, S. L. Eastman y P. Pryfogle. "Recovery of copper and cobalt by biopolymer gels". Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37, n.º 3 (5 de febrero de 1991): 266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260370309.

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25

Schnepp, Zoe A. C., Stuart C. Wimbush, Stephen Mann y Simon R. Hall. "Structural Evolution of Superconductor Nanowires in Biopolymer Gels". Advanced Materials 20, n.º 9 (5 de mayo de 2008): 1782–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200702679.

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26

Fatiha, Boudjema, Lounis Mourad, Bessai Naïma, Khelidj Benyoucef, Nicolle Stephane y Bekkour Karim. "Mathematical Model of Agar Gels Rheological Behaviour in Transient/Steady State". Advanced Materials Research 787 (septiembre de 2013): 322–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.787.322.

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The creep behaviour of 2% agar gels has been studied under static and dynamic conditions. This biopolymer finds numerous applications depending on their elasticity. In this why, we are interested to determine the viscoelastic behavior of this hydrocolloid in differences phases and we studied the evolution of its strain creep behavior in transient as in steady state. As a result of these actions, the modified Burgers model has been finally developed for the studied agar gels with variables dependent on the shear stress and the parameter values for its creeping part (describing non-linearly viscoelastic properties of this biopolymer). To confirm the mechanical property of the gel, we measured its dynamic modulus. The elastic character is predominant (G' G").

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27

Hurtado, Alejandro, Alaa A. A. Aljabali, Vijay Mishra, Murtaza M. Tambuwala y Ángel Serrano-Aroca. "Alginate: Enhancement Strategies for Advanced Applications". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n.º 9 (19 de abril de 2022): 4486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094486.

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Alginate is an excellent biodegradable and renewable material that is already used for a broad range of industrial applications, including advanced fields, such as biomedicine and bioengineering, due to its excellent biodegradable and biocompatible properties. This biopolymer can be produced from brown algae or a microorganism culture. This review presents the principles, chemical structures, gelation properties, chemical interactions, production, sterilization, purification, types, and alginate-based hydrogels developed so far. We present all of the advanced strategies used to remarkably enhance this biopolymer’s physicochemical and biological characteristics in various forms, such as injectable gels, fibers, films, hydrogels, and scaffolds. Thus, we present here all of the material engineering enhancement approaches achieved so far in this biopolymer in terms of mechanical reinforcement, thermal and electrical performance, wettability, water sorption and diffusion, antimicrobial activity, in vivo and in vitro biological behavior, including toxicity, cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, immunological response, biodegradation, porosity, and its use as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. These improvements to overcome the drawbacks of the alginate biopolymer could exponentially increase the significant number of alginate applications that go from the paper industry to the bioprinting of organs.

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28

Qin, Huan, Rachel E. Owyeung, Sameer R. Sonkusale y Matthew J. Panzer. "Highly stretchable and nonvolatile gelatin-supported deep eutectic solvent gel electrolyte-based ionic skins for strain and pressure sensing". Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, n.º 3 (2019): 601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc05918g.

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Gelatin biopolymer-supported deep eutectic solvent gels offer greatly enhanced mechanical properties and nonvolatility compared to their hydrogel analogues for devices that utilize ionically conducting soft materials.

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29

Frieberg, Bradley R., Ray-Shimry Garatsa, Ronald L. Jones, John O. Bachert, Benjamin Crawshaw, X. Michael Liu y Edwin P. Chan. "Viscoplastic fracture transition of a biopolymer gel". Soft Matter 14, n.º 23 (2018): 4696–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm00722e.

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We study the effects of gelatin chain composition on the fracture behavior of gelatin gels using cavitation rheology to show two fracture mechanisms exist for these materials that is determined by the whether the gel concentration is above or below the critical concentration for entanglements.

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30

Nam, Sungmin, Kenneth H. Hu, Manish J. Butte y Ovijit Chaudhuri. "Strain-enhanced stress relaxation impacts nonlinear elasticity in collagen gels". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, n.º 20 (2 de mayo de 2016): 5492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1523906113.

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The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex assembly of structural proteins that provides physical support and biochemical signaling to cells in tissues. The mechanical properties of the ECM have been found to play a key role in regulating cell behaviors such as differentiation and malignancy. Gels formed from ECM protein biopolymers such as collagen or fibrin are commonly used for 3D cell culture models of tissue. One of the most striking features of these gels is that they exhibit nonlinear elasticity, undergoing strain stiffening. However, these gels are also viscoelastic and exhibit stress relaxation, with the resistance of the gel to a deformation relaxing over time. Recent studies have suggested that cells sense and respond to both nonlinear elasticity and viscoelasticity of ECM, yet little is known about the connection between nonlinear elasticity and viscoelasticity. Here, we report that, as strain is increased, not only do biopolymer gels stiffen but they also exhibit faster stress relaxation, reducing the timescale over which elastic energy is dissipated. This effect is not universal to all biological gels and is mediated through weak cross-links. Mechanistically, computational modeling and atomic force microscopy (AFM) indicate that strain-enhanced stress relaxation of collagen gels arises from force-dependent unbinding of weak bonds between collagen fibers. The broader effect of strain-enhanced stress relaxation is to rapidly diminish strain stiffening over time. These results reveal the interplay between nonlinear elasticity and viscoelasticity in collagen gels, and highlight the complexity of the ECM mechanics that are likely sensed through cellular mechanotransduction.

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31

Hartson, Meghan, Ciara Coyle y Samiul Amin. "Methylcellulose-Chitosan Smart Gels for Hairstyling". Cosmetics 9, n.º 4 (27 de junio de 2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics9040069.

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Methylcellulose and chitosan served as promising ingredients for a thermoresponsive hair styling gel after successful application in the medical industry. Both ingredients uphold the clean beauty standard without infringing on performance. By combining these two ingredients, a hair gel can be created that promises an extended hold of style once a heated external stimulus, such as a curling wand, is applied to the hair. Chitosan serves as the cationic biopolymer to adhere the gel to the hair, whereas the methylcellulose acts as the smart biopolymer to lock the desired hairstyle in place. Various ranges of chitosan and methylcellulose concentrations were explored for formulation optimization with rheology and curl drop testing. The rheology testing included a flow sweep test to understand the shear-thinning behavior of the sample as well as the effect of concentration on viscosity. Another rheology test completed was a temperature ramp test from room temperature (25 °C) to 60 °C to study the effect of heat on the various concentrations within the samples. A curl drop test was performed as well, over a 48-h period in which the different samples were applied to wet hair tresses, dried, curled, and hung vertically to see how the style held up over a long period of time with the influence of gravity.

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32

Chemeris, I. I., T. G. Kalinichenko, A. G. Filatova y E. M. Belavtseva. "Methodical aspects of the electron microscopy of biopolymer gels". Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics 71, n.º 10 (octubre de 2007): 1458–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1062873807100310.

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33

Basak, Rajib y Ranjini Bandyopadhyay. "Formation and rupture of Ca2+ induced pectin biopolymer gels". Soft Matter 10, n.º 37 (2014): 7225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sm00748d.

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34

Broedersz, Chase P., Karen E. Kasza, Louise M. Jawerth, Stefan Münster, David A. Weitz y Frederick C. MacKintosh. "Measurement of nonlinear rheology of cross-linked biopolymer gels". Soft Matter 6, n.º 17 (2010): 4120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0sm00285b.

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35

Ross‐Murphy, Simon B. "Structure–property relationships in food biopolymer gels and solutions". Journal of Rheology 39, n.º 6 (noviembre de 1995): 1451–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1122/1.550610.

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36

Takushi, Eisei. "Existence of gel-glasslike transition point in biopolymer gels". Thermochimica Acta 308, n.º 1-2 (enero de 1998): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6031(97)00333-x.

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37

Ross-Murphy, Simon B. "Reversible and irreversible biopolymer gels - Structure and mechanical properties". Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für physikalische Chemie 102, n.º 11 (noviembre de 1998): 1534–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.19981021104.

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38

Yamamoto, Tetsuya, Yuichi Masubuchi y Masao Doi. "Shear induced formation of lubrication layers of negative normal stress gels". Soft Matter 13, n.º 37 (2017): 6515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sm01316g.

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Many biopolymer gels generate negative normal stress, with which their polymer networks shrink in the normal of applied shear. Shearing such a gel produces a solvent layer, which greatly reduces the contact friction between the gel and the solid surface.

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39

Kulicke, W. M. y O. Arendt. "Rheo-optische Untersuchungen an Biopolymer-Losungen und Gelen / Rheo-optical Investigation of Biopolymer Solutions and Gels". Applied Rheology 7, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 1997): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/arh-1997-070106.

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40

Warren, Holly y Marc in het Panhuis. "Electrically Conducting PEDOT:PSS – Gellan Gum Hydrogels". MRS Proceedings 1569 (2013): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.1101.

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ABSTRACTHydrogels consisting of the conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS and the biopolymer gellan gum (GG) were characterized using electrical, mechanical and rheological methods. Compression testing and rheological analysis showed that the gels weakened with increasing PEDOT:PSS content. In contrast, the increasing PEDOT:PSS content resulted in an increasing electrical conductivity.

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41

Lee, Chaehoon, Francesca Di Turo, Barbara Vigani, Maduka L. Weththimuni, Silvia Rossi, Fabio Beltram, Pasqualantonio Pingue et al. "Biopolymer Gels as a Cleaning System for Differently Featured Wooden Surfaces". Polymers 15, n.º 1 (22 de diciembre de 2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15010036.

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The cleaning of some wooden artefacts can be challenging due to peculiar surface roughness and/or particular finishing treatments that favour the deposition of dirt and contaminants. The most common cleaning system used by conservators is agar gel, characterized by its rigidity and brittleness, which challenges the cleaning of rough and irregular surfaces typical of most wooden artefacts. In this work, alginate crosslinked with calcium (CA) and konjac glucomannan crosslinked with borax (KGB) gels were proposed to solve this issue. They were prepared and applied to smooth- and rough-surfaced mock-ups replicating wooden musical instruments’ surfaces that had been subsequently covered by artificial soiling and sweat contaminants. The mechanical properties of CA and KGB gels, including their stability over a 60-day storage time, were evaluated by a texture analyzer, while cleaning efficacy was analytically evaluated by non-invasive X-ray fluorescence mapping and profilometric investigation. CA gel appeared to have a higher tensile strength and elongation at break. KGB gel was shown to be soft and resilient, indicating its suitability for cleaning rough surfaces. After repeating the cleaning application three times on the rough-surfaced mock-ups, both the CA and KGB gels were shown to have cleaning efficacy. The results obtained with CA and KGB were compared with those from the Agar application.

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42

Deriu, A., F. Cavatorta, D. Cabrini, C. J. Carlile y H. D. Middendorf. "Water Dynamics in Biopolymer Gels by Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering". Europhysics Letters (EPL) 24, n.º 5 (10 de noviembre de 1993): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/24/5/006.

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43

Durrani, C. Matin y Athene M. Donald. "Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy of phase-separated mixed biopolymer gels". Macromolecules 27, n.º 1 (enero de 1994): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00079a017.

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44

Hoefner, Mark L., Ram V. Seetharam, Paul Shu y Craig H. Phelps. "Selective penetration of biopolymer profile-control gels: Experiment and model". Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 7, n.º 1-2 (abril de 1992): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-4105(92)90008-o.

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45

Horkay, Ferenc, Peter J. Basser, Anne-Marie Hecht y Erik Geissler. "Counterion and pH-Mediated Structural Changes in Charged Biopolymer Gels". Macromolecular Symposia 291-292, n.º 1 (8 de junio de 2010): 354–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.201050542.

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46

Dekkers, B. L., E. Kolodziejczyk, S. Acquistapace, J. Engmann y T. J. Wooster. "Impact of gastric pH profiles on the proteolytic digestion of mixed βlg-Xanthan biopolymer gels". Food & Function 7, n.º 1 (2016): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5fo01085c.

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47

La Gatta, Annalisa, Emiliano Bedini, Maria Aschettino, Rosario Finamore y Chiara Schiraldi. "Hyaluronan Hydrogels: Rheology and Stability in Relation to the Type/Level of Biopolymer Chemical Modification". Polymers 14, n.º 12 (14 de junio de 2022): 2402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14122402.

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BDDE (1,4-butanediol-diglycidylether)-crosslinked hyaluronan (HA) hydrogels are widely used for dermo-aesthetic purposes. The rheology and stability of the gels under physiological conditions greatly affect their clinical indications and outcomes. To date, no studies investigating how these features are related to the chemistry of the polymeric network have been reported. Here, four available HA-BDDE hydrogels were studied to determine how and to what extent their rheology and stability with respect to enzymatic hydrolysis relate to the type and degree of HA structural modification. 1H-/13C-NMR analyses were associated for the quantification of the “true” HA chemical derivatization level, discriminating between HA that was effectively crosslinked by BDDE, and branched HA with BDDE that was anchored on one side. The rheology was measured conventionally and during hydration in a physiological medium. Sensitivity to bovine testicular hyaluronidase was quantified. The correlation between NMR data and gel rheology/stability was evaluated. The study indicated that (1) the gels greatly differed in the amounts of branched, crosslinked, and overall modified HA, with most of the HA being branched; (2) unexpectedly, the conventionally measured rheological properties did not correlate with the chemical data; (3) the gels’ ranking in terms of rheology was greatly affected by hydration; (4) the rheology of the hydrated gels was quantitatively correlated with the amount of crosslinked HA, whereas the correlations with the total HA modification level and with the degree of branched HA were less significant; (5) increasing HA derivatization/crosslinking over 9/3 mol% did not enhance the stability with respect to hyaluronidases. These results broaden our knowledge of these gels and provide valuable information for improving their design and characterization.

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Xu, Meiling, Qiaoru Dong, Guiying Huang, Ya Zhang, Xuanxuan Lu, Jiaduo Zhang, Kun Zhang y Qingrong Huang. "Physical and 3D Printing Properties of Arrowroot Starch Gels". Foods 11, n.º 14 (19 de julio de 2022): 2140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11142140.

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This paper aims to investigate the physical and 3D printing properties of arrowroot starch (AS), a natural biopolymer with many potential health benefits. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that AS granules had mixed spherical and elongated geometries, with average sizes of 10.5 ± 2.5 μm. The molecular weight of AS measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was 3.24 × 107 g/mol, and the amylose/amylopectin ratio of AS was approximately 4:11. AS has an A-type crystal structure, with a gelatinization temperature of 71.8 ± 0.2 °C. The overlap concentration (C*) of AS in aqueous solutions was 0.42% (w/v). Temperature-dependent dynamic rheological analyses of 10% to 30% (w/v) AS fluids showed that the storage modulus (G’) reached the maximum values around the gelatinization temperatures, while the yield stress (τy) and flow stress (τf) values all increased with the increase in AS concentration. The printing accuracy of AS gels was found to be associated with the interplay between the G’ values and the restorability after extrusion, determined by the three-interval thixotropy tests (3ITT). The optimum 3D printing condition occurred at 20% (w/v) AS, the nozzle diameter of 0.60 mm, the printing speed of 100 mm/s and the extrusion speed of 100 mm/s. Our research provides a promising biopolymer to be used in the design of novel personalized functional foods.

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49

Maki, Yasuyuki, Kazuya Furusawa, Takao Yamamoto y Toshiaki Dobashi. "Structure formation in biopolymer gels induced by diffusion of gelling factors". Journal of Biorheology 32, n.º 2 (2018): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17106/jbr.32.27.

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50

Takushi, Eisei. "On the Existence of Gel-Glasslike Transition Point in Biopolymer Gels". Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement 126 (1997): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/ptps.126.379.

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