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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Bilan des émissions de gaz à effet de serre – Afrique"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Bilan des émissions de gaz à effet de serre – Afrique"
BONNEAU, M., J. Y. DOURMAD, J. C. GERMON, M. HASSOUNA, B. LEBRET, L. LOYON, J. M. PAILLAT, Y. RAMONET y P. ROBIN. "Connaissance des émissions gazeuses dans les différentes filières de gestion des effluents porcins". INRAE Productions Animales 21, n.º 4 (27 de septiembre de 2008): 345–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2008.21.4.3410.
Texto completoMeyssignac, Benoît, Jonathan Chenal, Robin Guillaume-Castel, Alejandro Blazquez y Sébastien Fourest. "Mesurer le déséquilibre énergétique de la planète pour évaluer la sensibilité du climat aux émissions de gaz à effet de serre". La Météorologie, n.º 122 (2023): 023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37053/lameteorologie-2023-0069.
Texto completoHessa, Célestin Cokou, Yaya Idrissou, Alassan Seidou Assani, Hilaire Sorébou Sanni Worogo y Ibrahim Alkoiret Traoré. "Emissions de Gaz à Effet de Serre des Systèmes AgroSylvopastoraux et Sylvopastoraux de deux Zones Agroécologiques du Bénin". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 20, n.º 12 (29 de abril de 2024): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n12p221.
Texto completoDOREAU, M., R. BAUMONT y J. M. PEREZ. "Avant-propos". INRAE Productions Animales 24, n.º 5 (8 de diciembre de 2011): 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2011.24.5.3274.
Texto completoDOREAU, M., A. FARRUGGIA y P. VEYSSET. "Aménités et impacts sur l’environnement des exploitations françaises élevant des bovins pour la viande". INRA Productions Animales 30, n.º 2 (19 de junio de 2018): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2017.30.2.2242.
Texto completoCeron, Jean-Paul, Paul Peeters y Ghislain Dubois. "L’aviation, le tourisme et la décarbonation dans les décennies à venir : impasses, solutions et incertitudes". Natures Sciences Sociétés 31, n.º 3 (julio de 2023): 312–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/nss/2024007.
Texto completoPinet, Camille, Suspense Averti IFO, Benoit Mertens, Gabriel Jaffrain, Christophe Sannier y Stoffenne BINSANGOU1. "ANALYSE ET CONSOLIDATION DES RESULTATS SUR LES ESTIMATIONS DE SUPERFICIE DU COUVERT FORESTIER ET DE SES CHANGEMENTS ENTRE 2000 ET 2016 EN REPUBLIQUE DU CONGO". Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection 223 (25 de agosto de 2021): 104–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.52638/rfpt.2021.587.
Texto completoAlawenon, Kuassi N., Adigla Appolinaire Wedjangnon y Christine A. I. Nougbodé Ouinsavi. "Impact de la production de charbon de bois sur les facteurs de changement climatique : synthèse de la littérature". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 17, n.º 3 (24 de agosto de 2023): 1185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v17i3.33.
Texto completoMontagnini, Florencia, Muhammad Ibrahim y Enrique Murgueitio Restrepo. "Systèmes silvopastoraux et atténuation du changement climatique en Amérique latine". BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 316, n.º 316 (1 de junio de 2013): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2013.316.a20528.
Texto completoBLANFORT, V., M. DOREAU, J. HUGUENIN, J. LAZARD, V. PORPHYRE, J. F. SOUSSANA y B. TOUTAIN. "Impacts et services environnementaux de l’élevage en régions chaudes". INRAE Productions Animales 24, n.º 1 (4 de marzo de 2011): 89–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2011.24.1.3239.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Bilan des émissions de gaz à effet de serre – Afrique"
Mostefaoui, Mounia. "Assessment of the three main anthropogenic greenhouse gases emissions and removals by bottom-up and top-down methods : a main tool for the evaluation of the respect of the Paris Climate Accords. A case study over Africa". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS460.
Texto completoSince the second part of the 20th century, the role of three main greenhouse gases (GHG) : Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4) and Nitrous Oxide (N2O) has been clearly established by the scientific community as the main cause of the recent forcing of the Earth energetic processes from human-induced activities, resulting among other disturbances in an increase of the annual mean surface temperatures. As GHG are well-mixed in the atmosphere and due to the complexity of atmospheric transport processes, the main emitters do not necessarily face the consequences of the additional radiative forcing that they directly induce. In this study, we restrict the analysis to CO2, CH4 and N2O because they are the most important GHG in the atmosphere. For the following-up of GHG, the Paris Agreement has a device named the “Enhanced Transparency Framework “(ETF). Within the ETF, countries have to report annually or biannually their GHG emissions and removals starting in 2023 within the Global Stocktake (GST). The ETF is based on the Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) provisions of the PA, aiming at the measurement of GHG for the PA signatory countries, at the centralization of the regularly updated country-reports, and at the verification of the respect of the countries ex ante vs. ex post pledges. This GST will represent a challenge for many Non-Annex I countries, including Africa, where emissions and removals in national inventories have been irregular since the UNFCCC creation in 1992. The literature tends to be scarce about GHG emissions from African countries, usually thought to be small emitters by non-experts. However, the recent Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) of the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) underlines with high confidence that the speed of surface temperature increase in Africa has already been higher than elsewhere in the world due to anthropogenic emissions (IPCC Working Group I, 2021). Recent analyses also predict a fast increase of African emissions correlated with its demographic growth, which is the fastest in the world. Pioneering papers on anthropogenic emissions and the carbon balance in Africa like the one of Ciais et al. (2011), already underlined that “Africa is likely to increase its share of global emissions over the coming decades” (Canadell, 2009). That is the reason why we chose to strictly restrict to Africa the scope of our central analysis in the original study of the present manuscript. Our aim is to assess African CO2, CH4 and N2O anthropogenic emissions and removals using bottom-up datasets (inventories and process-based models) and to compare them with top-down inversions coming from satellites over three decades (1990-2018) in order to deliver trends’ analyses. The purpose of this analysis is also to discuss the following main question: how can the current state of science help for the evaluation of the Respect of the Paris Agreement (PA) in Non-Annex I countries, and most specifically in Africa? Chapter 1 presents CO2, CH4 and N2O main features and impacts with regards to the Earth Radiative Budget forcing, and contextualizes the scientific monitoring of GHG emissions and removals from anthropogenic origins in the climate policy context of the Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) provisions of the PA. Chapter 2 delivers an original analysis of GHG emissions and removals trends over the last three decades for the case of Africa. Chapter 3 discusses more broadly the conclusions of the African case analysis and proposes larger perspectives from both a scientific and from a climate policy view for future developments in the evaluation of the respect of the PA
Martin, Jean-Christophe. "Impacts économiques d'une politique de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre pour la région Aquitaine". Bordeaux 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR40028.
Texto completoRegional council of Aquitaine, thanks to increasing area of competence because of different laws of decentralization, can contribute to national effort of reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). In order to make it, It has implemented in 2005 a climate plan to avoid 2 883 ktCO2eq for 2007-2013. However, considering of poor regional accounting, it is confronted with a lack of study to implement efficiently its climate plan. The aim of this thesis is precisely to make some studies in order to guide regional council in this field. Input-output analysis was used because of its ability to integrate the complexity of interindustrial trade with a detailed sectored study. The aim of the first part of the thesis is to outline the method of constructing a regional accounting, namely a making of input-output table with a GHG emissions inventory associated. The second part of this thesis shows different applications of input-output analysis in order to answer to regional issues on GHG emissions. The first interest of input-output analysis is to calculate both direct and indirect contribution of sectors emissions. By applying optimization methods, economic restructuring could be estimated in order to reconcile both GHG emissions reduction and economic growth objectives. The use of structural decomposition analysis has advantage to pick out main forces explaining evolution of GHG emissions and, so, to use these results to make forecasting of regional GHG emissions until 2013. Moreover, it was possible to determine a budget of opportunity cost from construction of road and rail infrastructures leading to finance projects to offset theirs emissions by using optimisation methods
Savard-Duquet, Nikolas. "Mobilité et changements climatiques : bilan et analyse des émissions de gaz à effet de serre liées aux déplacements des résidents de la région de Québec". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26880/26880.pdf.
Texto completoCaminade, Cyril. "Rôle de l'océan et influence des émissions d'origine anthropique sur la variabilité climatique en Afrique". Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30239.
Texto completoAmbrosi, Philippe. "Amplitude et calendrier des politiques de réduction des émissions face aux risques climatiques : leçon des modèles intégrés". Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0106.
Texto completoTo date, climate change damages estimates are far from being reliable and non controversial. Therefor, this thesis compares - trough a family of optimal control integrated assessment models, RESPONSE - which CO2 mitigation policies are recommended for three more and more tangible proxies of climate risks : a set of constraints regarding magnitude and rate of global warming, a preference for current climate regime and an explicit modelling of climate change damages. Given the cascade of uncertainties from emissions to damages, results suggest to anticipate emissions reductions because abatements further delayed may induce significant regret in case of bad news about climate response or singularities in damages. Results also demonstrate that the eventuality of non-catastrophic threshods in damages is sufficient to increase earlier optimal abatements
Chang, Jinfeng. "Amélioration de la représentation des systèmes prairiaux dans un modèle de dynamique de végétation global". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS0010.
Texto completoThere is an urgent need to improve our knowledge on large scale understanding of the role of grassland in global greenhouse gas (GHG) budget, and of how grassland ecosystem will respond to future global change. This thesis aims at improving the representation of grassland system in the model ORCHIDEE DGVM, and further using the new model to assess carbon (C) and GHG budgets of grassland ecosystem and their responses to climate change and anthropogenic managements. ORCHIDEE-GM (grassland management) was developed through integrating into ORCHIDEE the parameters and functions related to grassland management originated from a managed grassland ecosystem model PaSim. ORCHIDEE-GM was validated at both site-level and continental-level (Europe) through comparing its results to various data from statistics, remote sensing products, and site observations. The new model simulated a significant C and GHG sink of European grassland ecosystem in the recent five decades, and a positive trend of grassland net biome productivity (NBP) during the last two decades. Nearly half (48%) of the positive trend can be attributed to changes in grassland management intensity, namely to the reduction of livestock numbers across the European Union (EU). Moreover, an increase in grassland potential productivity was simulated over Europe in response to future global change. The increase can be attributed to the rising CO2, and importantly, to the phenological shifts caused by warming, which have a series of implications on grassland management, feed security (or vulnerability) and CO2 and water fluxes
Seddiki, Fatma. "Contrôle en ligne des polluants élémentaires dans les effluents gazeux par ICP-HF : étalonnage et justesse". Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0031.
Texto completoYue, Chao. "Fire simulation in the ORCHIDEE biosphere model : implications for global carbon fluxes". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS0016.
Texto completoAnthropogenic biomass burning and wildfires release greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O), reactive gases (CO, NOx) and aerosols into the atmosphere, and contribute to regional and global climate change. In forest regions affected by fires, fire also legate a sustained long-term carbon sink during the postfire vegetation recovery. It is thus important to incorporate fire processes into Earth system models, to be able to quantify the large-scale fire contribution to the terrestrial carbon balance, and predict future fire-climate-vegetation feedbacks. In this thesis, the prognostic fire module SPITFIRE has been incorporated into the process-based dynamic vegetation model ORCHIDEE. Evaluation studies show that the fire model is capable of capturing the essential climatic and anthropogenic drivers of burned area in the 20th century, but the frequency and size of very large fires are underestimated. Fires are found to reduce on average the terrestrial carbon sink compared with a simulation without fire, with larger fire-induced sink reduction occurring during drier and warmer years. Model factorial experiments indicate that fires during the last three decades, combined with rising CO2 and climate effects on the vegetation, have contributed to most of the pan-boreal (45oN–90oN) carbon sink at early 20th century. At the site level, the postfire forest carbon sink in North American boreal forests, as observed by chronosequences of biometric measurements and of eddy-covariance CO2 fluxes, are ascribed to a combination of forest regrowth from fire recovery and atmospheric CO2 increase, i. E. , the postfire carbon sink is amplified by the CO2 fertilization effect on forest growth
D'Angelo, Benoît. "Variabialité spatio-temporelle des émissions de GES dans une tourbière à Sphaignes : effets sur le bilan carbone". Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2058/document.
Texto completoPeatlands cover only 2 to 3% of the land area but store between 10 and 25% of the soil carbon. The outcome of the anthropic and climatic pressure on these ecosystems is uncertain regarding their functions and storage. A better understanding of these ecosystems is needed to determine the factors and their interactions on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. This work consist in monitoring GHG emissions and controlling factors in a Sphagnum peatland to estimate its carbon balance. Experimentation on mesocosms were carried out to explore the effect of hydrology on the fluxes and a monitoring on 4 sites was made to study the daily variability. Results show that La Guette peatland was a carbon source (-220 ± 33 gC m-2 an-1) in spite of the high water table level. The importance of the spatial variability measured in the site was also demonstrate. The hydrology effect was confirmed by the mesocosms experiments and high water table level shows that gas transport might have an effect. Finally the study of the daily variability show that the temperature sensitivity of the respiration might be different between day and night and that synchronizing soil temperatures and respiration can improve the respiration representation
Toussaint, Flora. "Variabilité temporelle des processus biogéochimiques influençant le carbone organique terrigène dans les sédiments du prodelta du Rhône". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS0059.
Texto completoDeltaic areas are the main link between continents and the coastal zone. The Rhône prodelta shows intense sedimentation and mineralization rates which decrease rapidly off the River mouth to the continental shelf. This study was carried out under the "MERMEX river" project with the objective of identifying sources of organic matter and studying the temporal variability of biogeochemical processes affecting the fate of organic carbon. It also aimed at calculating mass balances for carbon fluxes in the Rhône prodelta. The prodelta has been studied intensively with fourteen sea cruises spread over three years of thesis and the completion of the development of an autonomous benthic station equipped with oxygen microelectrodes. This dataset has highlighted the temporal variations (seasonal and annual) of benthic mineralization. An Increase of benthic mineralization have been identified during resuspension events. Isotopic measurements of carbon (δ13C and Δ14C) coupled with density separations allowed to discriminate organic carbon sources and determine the process for sedimentation and burial of the material. Several processes interact: the retention of terrigenous organic matter in the prodelta (around 50%), the transport by resuspension of dense and fine material from the continental shelf, the low proportion of marine plankton carbon in sediment and massive inflows of black carbon during river floods. Terrigenous organic matter is mainly subject to the process of burial and mineralization is strongly related to its reactivity
Libros sobre el tema "Bilan des émissions de gaz à effet de serre – Afrique"
Comptabilité carbone. Paris: La Découverte, 2013.
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