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1
Simon, Joshua. "Betrayal." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2016. http://research.gold.ac.uk/18787/.
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Betrayal is proposed in this dissertation as a concept that is informed by political theory and by curatorial concepts. Betrayal is conceptualized here as an entanglement of antagonistic relations. It is proposed as an engagement with an antagonism while withdrawing from its underlying logic. Betrayal is presented as a variety of approaches through a set of proposals which include exhaustion, anachronism, fictionalism, demonstration and acting. Written in the context of curatorial work in Israel-Palestine, this dissertation proposes several qualities of the field of the curatorial and applies them to political theory. Betrayal is considered operational through the field of the curatorial as the curatorial provides a setting for activating potentialities. In the three chapters of this dissertation, Betrayal is developed through an active reading of the lives and work of several figures as method: Alcibiades son of Cleinias, a fifth century BC Athenian politician; the last book published by Sigmund Freud during his lifetime: Moses and Monotheism; and Bertolt Brecht’s notion of Acting in relation to Hannah Arendt’s political Action. Informed by the curatorial ability to articulate connectedness and activating potentialities, this dissertation deploys Betrayal as a set of strategies that include formation, narrative and agency. The way these entangle antagonisms involves different ways of articulating practices that can move inside-out, can destabilize inwards and can shift the site of articulation of politics itself. The curatorial and Betrayal are thus the centre of this dissertation as it aims to provide a tool for operating in politics.
2
Bedford, Lee. "An Alternative Operationalization of Betrayal Trauma using Perceived Betrayal." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1609082/.
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There are many identified factors that correlate with whether an individual experiences adverse symptoms following a traumatic event. Research indicates that betrayal, where the victim is betrayed by another individual, may be one of these factors. Betrayal Trauma Theory (BTT) posits that betrayal during trauma increases the likelihood of developing adverse psychological symptoms. BTT objectively dichotomizes traumas as high betrayal or low betrayal traumas based on details of the event. Though literature finds those who experience high betrayals experience more severe symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and dissociation than those who experience low betrayals, this objective classification is limited as it is based solely on the circumstances of the trauma and does not give the victim the option of indicating whether they felt betrayed. We believe perceptions of betrayal, whether the event meets the objective criteria of betrayal put forth by BTT or not, is an important predictor of trauma-related outcomes. This study (N = 244) found that perceived betrayal predicts symptoms of PTSD and depression independently, as well as when controlling for objective betrayal, dependence on the perpetrator, event centrality, anxiety, and dissociation. These findings indicate perceived betrayal is a unique construct that should be included in the operationalization of betrayal in future research. Objective betrayal is limited in that it is a permanent classification based on the circumstances of the traumatic event. Perceived betrayal, however, can be addressed and reduced by skilled clinicians and betrayal-specific treatments, thus reducing the effect betrayal has on trauma-related outcomes.
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Dougherty, Mary Ann. "Betrayal : Short Stories." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2233.
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This collection of short stories, titled Betrayal, is my thesis project to meet the requirements for a Master of Fine Arts in Creative Writing/Fiction. In each story, of course, there is betrayal, of sister, daughter, wife, husband or lover. The settings of the stories are various, the Midwest, the Great Lakes, the Allegheny Mountains and Louisiana bayou country. Northeastern Ohio and Lake Erie, especially, have informed description and metaphor in the stories, and their atmosphere is influenced by Gothic literature.
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Komolafe, K. "Betrayal responses and personality pathology : the development of the Betrayal Scale." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1516021/.
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Aims: The aim of the study was to develop a psychometric scale to reliably assess for psychosocial impairment following an experience of betrayal trauma. Method 434 participants from a community sample completed a series of self-report psychometric measures online of psychosocial impairment, betrayal trauma experiences and personality trait pathology. Results: The Betrayal Response Scale (BRS) consisted of 20 items and two subscales related to internalised negative emotions and negative interpersonal responses. Higher BRS scores were associated with personality pathology, interpersonal impairment and poor social functioning. Conclusion: The BRS is a reliable measure of psychosocial impairment following betrayal trauma. People with personality pathology report greater levels of psychosocial impairment following betrayal trauma. Potential uses of the BRS as a clinical and research instrument are discussed.
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Gomez, Jennifer. "Cultural Betrayal Trauma Theory." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23086.
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Trauma victimization has deleterious effects on both physical and mental health. In a non-pathologizing manner, betrayal trauma theory offers one paradigm that contextualizes abuse within the relationship it occurs. It is possible that trauma outcomes can be further explained through incorporating aspects of the larger sociocultural context. For instance, some members of minority populations may develop (intra)cultural trust with other perceived minority members; through functioning as a buffer against inequality, (intra)cultural trust may be similar to interpersonal trust within relationships insofar that it creates a vulnerability for betrayal that affects trauma sequelae. Given the incorporation of interpersonal and societal contexts of inequality, predicted outcomes of cultural betrayal trauma are diverse, including abuse outcomes, such as PTSD, and cultural outcomes, such as internalized prejudice. This framework for examining within-group violence in minority populations is called cultural betrayal trauma theory.
In the dissertation, I first provide a review of psychological theories of trauma: the fear paradigm, the shattered assumptions paradigm, betrayal trauma theory, and institutional betrayal. I then briefly detail the trauma literature on ethnic minorities, with an emphasis on the importance of contextual factors. Based on this literature, I introduce cultural betrayal trauma theory, defining the theory and its constructs: societal trauma, (intra)cultural trust, cultural betrayal, cultural betrayal trauma, (intra)cultural pressure, cultural betrayal unawareness, abuse outcomes, and cultural outcomes. After addressing societal trauma’s potential role in both within-group and between-group violence victimization in minority populations, I detail the purpose of the empirical study: to test cultural betrayal trauma theory in a sample of ethnic minority students attending a predominantly White university.
I report the online survey results based on 296 ethnic minority undergraduates at a predominantly White university. Over half of the sample reported trauma victimization, with 43% of participants reporting within-group violence victimization specifically. This ethno-cultural betrayal trauma was associated with abuse outcomes— dissociation, hallucinations, PTSD, cultural betrayal unawareness, and hypervigilance—and cultural outcomes—trauma-related ethnic identity change, diverse identity changes, internalized prejudice, and (intra)cultural pressure. The dissertation suggests that cultural betrayal trauma theory is a useful framework in examining and understanding trauma sequelae in minority populations.
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Gobin, Robyn, and Robyn Gobin. "Trauma, Trust, and Betrayal Awareness." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12568.
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Women and men who experience early interpersonal violence are at increased risk for subsequent victimization. Little is known about the mechanisms by which early trauma increases vulnerability for revictimization. According to Betrayal Trauma Theory, harm perpetrated by close others early in life may impair the ability to accurately decipher trust and identify betrayal, thus increasing risk for future violation. Dissociation, a state of cognitive, emotional, and experiential disconnectedness, is theorized to facilitate impaired betrayal awareness, and peritraumatic dissociation (i.e., dissociation at the time of a traumatic event) has been linked to revictimization.
The present study extended this existing knowledge and tested predictions made by Betrayal Trauma Theory through the examination of the impact of high betrayal trauma on self-report and behavioral trust tendencies and betrayal awareness in a college sample of 216 individuals with and without histories of trauma high in betrayal. The impact of peritraumatic dissociation on betrayal awareness was examined. Participants completed self-report measures of peritraumatic dissociation and relational and general trust. The Trust Game, an experimental economics task, was used to investigate behavioral trust. A picture drawn to depict sexual abuse of a child was used as a betrayal stimulus to examine betrayal awareness in the sample.
Results replicated prior work indicating an increased risk for revictimization among individuals who reported high betrayal trauma during childhood and/or adolescence. As predicted, high betrayal trauma exposure was associated with lower levels of self-reported general and relational trust. Self-reported general trust was positively correlated with behavior during the Trust Game. Participants with histories of high betrayal trauma reported higher levels of peritraumatic dissociation when confronted with the betrayal stimulus, and rates of peritraumatic dissociation contributed significantly to betrayal awareness.
The findings of this study suggest betrayal trauma early in life disrupts developing socio-emotional functions, namely the ability to judge trustworthiness. The results provide evidence for the role of peritraumatic dissociation in awareness for betrayal. Despite the preliminary nature of this work, the results represent an important step toward better understanding the long-term consequences of high betrayal trauma, suggesting ways interventions may be tailored to subvert the effects of trauma.
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Fraser, James A. "'The drama of dedication and betrayal' : betrayal in the life and works of James Joyce." Thesis, University of York, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5766/.
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This thesis offers an account of the role of betrayal in the works of poet, playwright, novelist, and occasional journalist, James Joyce. Moving away from pathologizing conceptions of Joyce as “obsessed” with betrayal, I follow the development of this theme throughout a range of Joyce’s writings. Joyce came to an understanding of the workings of this narrative as a young child, experiencing the national trauma of the downfall of Irish politician Charles Stewart Parnell and the fallout of this affair in his own household. At his father’s promptings, Joyce learned to experience betrayal as an active, though invisible force in Irish affairs, from the quotidian to the grandiose. This thesis contends, however, that this early understanding of betrayal as an “immanent” force gives way to a highly self-aware investigation into the dramatic and narrative potential of betrayal as a structuring principle in human relationships. Looking in detail at three of Joyce’s literary works—A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Exiles, and Ulysses—as well as a selection of Joyce’s Triestine journalism and criticism, I attempt to offer a narrative account of how the theme of betrayal operates in and is operated on by Joyce’s texts. In Joyce’s non-fiction we find a reliance on betrayal as a means to introduce a note of melancholic pathos to nominally journalistic pieces. But in betrayal Joyce also finds a way to critique Irish constructions of heroic failure and to support the healthy antagonism necessary to his principled exile. In Portrait, Joyce studies the positive potential of betrayal as a tool of self-narration. Stephen is seen to achieve a narratively satisfying break with his community that is made possible by his imputation of Irish betrayal. In Exiles, the central dynamic of betrayal—that it is present as a possibility in any relationship—is taken to its extremity and ultimately rejected. In Ulysses, Joyce denies Stephen the narratives he had formerly relied on and studies instead the pathos of his painfully incomplete severance. In the same book, Joyce turns his attention once again to adultery. Molly’s sexual affair with Hugh “Blazes” Boylan offers Joyce a way of critiquing accepted conventions of the cuckold and the “adulteress” in favour of a far more nuanced understanding of the human impact of betrayal. Ultimately, the idea of betrayal is itself destabilized to the point that Molly’s act of extramarital sex can no longer be maintained as in any simple sense a betrayal.
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Voller, Leslie Abigail. "THE GHOSTS OF GUILT AND BETRAYAL." MSSTATE, 2009. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11042009-180119/.
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This creative thesis is comprised of stories that present characters who deal with guilt and betrayal and explores various points of view. My work is informed by Junot Diazs The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, which contains these themes and investigates narration. Surviving Fog centers around survivors guilt, while Coming Full Circle, No Detour in Sight demonstrates how a person can exert expectations on herself due to a religious background and personal values. Perhaps my most provocative story, Beyond the Apple Orchard delves into the emotional and physical betrayal of a father and the daughters struggles to overcome it. Photographic Memories embraces the surreal with a woman who can read photographs, whose story blends past transgressions that bleed into current ones, while Send in the Clowns, Send in the Mob explores herd mentality that stems from fear. Ultimately, each story contains kernels of truth that readers can grasp.
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Kallstrom, Martha Ann. "Textual fidelity and betrayal : Chaucer's deserted women /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1302802060.
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Kaehler, Laura. "Trauma and Betrayal Blindness in Charitable Donations." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18305.
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Betrayal trauma theory (see Freyd, 1996) posits betrayal events often require "betrayal blindness" in order to limit awareness or memory of information regarding the betrayal. This occurs in order to maintain a connection that is necessary for survival. BTT may be applied to events that generally would not be considered traumatic, such as adultery or discrimination. In order to maintain connections within relationships, institutions, and social systems upon which there is a dependency, people (acting as victims, perpetrators, and witnesses) may show betrayal blindness. This dissertation consists of two studies investigating betrayal blindness and betrayal trauma history as they relate to charitable behavior.
Study 1 included 467 college students at the University of Oregon who completed self-report measures of trauma history and a behavioral measure requesting a hypothetical donation. Contributions were requested for three scenarios that varied in level of betrayal: natural disaster, external genocide, and internal genocide. Results indicated no significant main effects for trauma history or type of event. However, people were less willing to donate to the group of recipients and the genocide conditions at low levels of emotional arousal. Additionally, those who have experienced high betrayal traumas also were less likely to donate at low emotional response values. Given the lack of significant findings in this experiment, a second study was conducted using a repeated measures design.
Study 2 involved 634 undergraduate students at the University of Oregon. In addition to the measures from Study 1, participants also completed additional self-report measures assessing trait measures of prosocial tendencies, social desirability, personality, emotion regulation, and betrayal awareness. There were no main effects on charitable behavior for personality traits, prosociality, emotion regulation, social desirability, or betrayal awareness. Significant order effects were observed when comparing the type of event and betrayal level of event. A between-subjects approach revealed people donated less money to the higher betrayal versions of both types of scenarios. Across both studies, increased affect, particularly guilt, was associated with more charitable behavior. Although there are several limitations of these studies, the findings represent an important first step exploring prosocial behavior within a betrayal trauma framework.
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Cohen, Sagi. "Homo Perfidus: An Antipathology of the Coward's Betrayal." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37378.
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Homo Perfidus: An Antipathology of the Coward’s Betrayal identifies and speaks to an ethical and methodological lacuna in western metaphysics with regards to betrayal. Following Levinas’ call for an ‘Ethics as first philosophy,’ my research question is: ‘How can I think of betrayal responsibly?’ I offer to approach betrayal as an accusation, one that comports an excessive hatred towards the identified ‘traitor.’ Suspending its moral vilification, I construct a broadly phenomenological method – which I call ‘antipathology’ – that proposes to take this hatred seriously; not as the sign of a lack to be filled or purloined with shame, but of a communication to respond-to. Tracking western thought’s metaphysical engagements – mainly via Kant, Hegel and Heidegger – my antipathology witnesses an exceedingly systematic muting of this hatred. Such a principled effacement of hatred’s signs is the very mechanism by which western thought “de-problematizes” betrayal, appropriating its otherness for its own metaphysical ends. To those ends, betrayal ceases to be an event and becomes its ‘prefiguration,’ a twist on an assumed temporal and causal progression.
I focus here on the coward’s betrayal, broadly defined as secession from a principle – seen to give cohesion and legitimacy to a ‘Whole’ – of which this traitor was nevertheless an integral part until the event of her betrayal. Antipathology follows young Hegel’s ‘antisemitic’ association of the “Jewish spirit” with a principle of alienation and secession, a vain and hateful self-assertion that only “Christian spirit” can successfully negate, turning this drive for hateful dissociation to one of loving association (with progressively diminishing “remainders”). Reading modern philosophy’s treatment of the skeptic I show how her doubt can be appropriated and turned to ‘Truth’ in the same way that the Jews’ hateful and cowardly betrayal can be turned to absolute faith/love; what Hegel calls “negating the negation.” Both ‘Jew’ and ‘Skeptic’ here become antibodies in a process through which a ‘Whole’ slowly becomes immune, or insensitive to, the threat of future interruptions: outside of this process – offering no ‘Whole’ of their own – their respective interruptions are seen as expressions of vanity, of a ‘self’ that breaks-away from the bonds of belonging and love in a fit of gratuitous hatred and doubt; all in the name of a “who knows what” that for Hegel, as well as for Kant and Heidegger, amounts to precisely ‘Nothing.’
I conclude by a performative ‘antipathological’ reading of Dante’s Inferno alongside Kafka’s In the Penal Colony: while Dante, as a faithful ‘Christian’ witness to Divine Justice (Hell), desires to internalize the Truth of God, progressively renouncing the vain resistances of a ‘self’ not yet fully reconciled to God’s Being (the theological ‘Pleroma’ of the ‘Whole’), Kafka’s nameless traveler, as a skeptical ‘coward-witness,’ not only remains “unconverted” but also causes the violence that is implicit in the Dante-esque ‘progression’ to show itself. ‘Faith’ is here shown as progression from one betrayal-event to another, all of which require the believer to sacrifice another part of their resistance to the demands of the ‘Whole’ until no such resistance remains (or, at least, felt/expressed). Similarly, the Dante that begins his journey weeping for the suffering of Hell’s sinners, ends up kicking one of them in the face; deliberately, yet without hatred, as if it were a mere rock on the road.
The coward’s betrayal consists in her ‘vain witness’ to time as rupture, as event, as the opening that puts her previous beliefs and attachments in radical question. The hatred towards the coward and the accusation of ‘traitor’ mark this question as a threat to the ‘Whole;’ a mark that, approached antipathologically, can open a discourse concerning the violence (and self-violence) that was and is necessary to keep the ‘Whole,’ through a narrated causal-historical time, from breaking apart. Painful and dangerous, this approach is, nonetheless, the only way to keep a system that abolished all ‘positions to complain’ from being equated with a ‘wholly just’ system; or to keep a knowledge-machine that successfully tames all doubts from being absolved.
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Maboreke, Mary. "The betrayal of the 'return to self' project." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268084.
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Smith, Carly. "First, Do No Harm: Institutional Betrayal in Healthcare." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20422.
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Seeking healthcare is an act of trust: patients reveal private information, pain, and vulnerability to physicians who have specialized knowledge and skills. Patients may endure risk and uncertain treatment outcomes based on the assurance of a trusted physician. Physicians’ professional oaths compel them to protect patients’ welfare first, and the power imbalance in these relationships is tolerable precisely because of the bond of trust. When this trust is protected, it is a powerful tool: patients are more engaged, benefit more from medical interventions, and are healthier overall. Yet these healthcare relationships are contained within larger institutions – hospitals, insurance companies, government programs – that may circumscribe physicians’ abilities to protect patients’ trust to the fullest and even contribute to negative medical experiences. Because trust and vulnerability characterize patients’ interactions with healthcare institutions, institutional actions and inactions that contribute to negative medical experiences constitute institutional betrayal. In this dissertation I address this largely unexamined issue in healthcare research by drawing on research and theory in trauma psychology.
I report the results of a study based on the survey responses of 707 American adults. Institutional betrayal in healthcare was reported by two-thirds of the participants and predicted lower trust in participants’ own physicians, doctors in general, and healthcare organizations. These negative effects were more pronounced for patients who reported higher levels of trust in healthcare institutions prior to the betrayal and did not seem to be influenced by a general tendency to trust others. However, the effects of institutional betrayal on trust in healthcare organizations were buffered by trust in one’s own physician. Institutional betrayal also predicted worse physical health and increased symptoms of depression, dissociation, and post-traumatic distress – both directly and through disengagement from healthcare. Consistent with betrayal trauma theory, participants who experienced institutional betrayal were five times more likely to report some difficultly remembering that betrayal and negative medical experiences. This unawareness may allow patients to continue to seek necessary medical care, even in the presence of institutional betrayal. In order to understand what contributes to patient trust and engagement in healthcare and why some patients experience worse mental and physical health outcomes, institutional betrayal must be taken into account.
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Tang, Sharon Shann-Shin. "Social context in traumatic stress : gender, ethnicity, and betrayal /." Thesis, Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10263.
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Hampson, Robert Gavin. "Identity and Betrayal in the Novels of Joseph Conrad." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.731950.
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Ferreira, Marta Anna. ""Judas' Kiss", the experience of betrayal A Kleinian approach/." Thesis, Pretoria, [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09112007-115103.
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ANDRADE, SÉRGIO PEREIRA. "BETRAYAL IN DECONSTRUCTION: ON TRANSLATION, SUBJECTILE, DANCE AND BEYOND." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=28291@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO<br>Proponho um atravessamento entre rastros do pensamento de Jacques Derrida, sobretudo quanto à tradução, ao subjétil e à alteridade, no intuito de criar possíveis tensões entre Filosofia e Dança, reafirmando, ao mesmo tempo, o gesto da traição incondicional da desconstrução. A noção de traição no pensamento derridiano aparece como uma im-propriedade de todo texto em seu processo irredutível de forçamento de sentido em alteridade. Tal concepção abre uma brecha para se pensar a cena da escritura como uma travessura de atravessamento entre textos, uma passividade incondicional de passagem ao Outro – a qual, para Derrida, é o sentido radical da tradução. Nessa perspectiva, interessa discutir como a desconstrução no seu movimento de manutenção da tensão da diferença pode impulsionar uma arrombadora disseminação do pensamento que não se deixa reduzir ao uno, a identidade de um uno, e seus mecanismos de exclusão e denegação do Outro. Para tanto, assumo uma tessitura errante e, incondicionalmente, inconclusa entre textos de Jacques Derrida, Walter Benjamin, Antonin Artaud, Homi Bhabha, Freud entre outros autores que contribuem no processo de inscrição do pensamento na pulsão do para além. Essa tessitura não busca reafirmar o que eles disseram ou se referiram ou, ainda, escrever como eles ou a respeito deles, mas inscrever diretamente neles, ou melhor, naquilo que se chama eles, subject, it, il. A proposta se mune do processo de sobreposição, altercação, impregnação e operação cirúrgica sobre a indecidível pele que atravessa autores-textos lançando-os às margens da desconstrução. Sobre as margens, a Filosofia e seus homens – dignos de nome – podem também dançar as avessas, num gesto duplo e não-dialético de contaminação e perturbação entre Dança e Filosofia, afirmando a fronteira como uma força de tensão e crise.<br>What I propose is a crossing between traces of thought expressed by Jacques Derrida, with particular emphasis on translation, subjectile and otherness in order to create potential tensions between Philosophy and Dance, whilst at the same time reaffirming the gesture of unconditional betrayal of deconstruction. The notion of betrayal in Derridian thought appears as a no-ownership of all text in their irreducible process of a forcing of the sense in otherness. Such a conception opens up some incongruity for considering the scene from the writing as a mischievous crossing between the texts, an unconditional passivity within passage to the Other - which, for Derrida, is the radical sense of translation. From this perspective, it is interesting to discuss how the deconstruction movement in its upkeep of tension of difference can force a dissemination of thought that cannot be reduced to one, the identity of a unity, and its mechanisms of exclusion and denial of the Other. For that purpose, I assume an erring tessitura, and unconditionally, incomplete inter-texts of Jacques Derrida, Walter Benjamin, Antonin Artaud, Homi Bhabha, Freud among other authors that contribute to the inscription process of thought on the drive towards beyond. This idea does not look to reaffirm what they said or reported, or even have respect for them or desire to write like them, instead, inscribe them directly, in what is called they, subject, it, il. The proposal is a process overlap, altercation, impregnation and surgical operation on the skin that crosses authors-texts, throwing them on the deconstruction borders. On the borders, Philosophy and its men can also dance inside out, into double and non-dialectical gesture of contamination and disturbance between Dance and Philosophy, affirming the difference as a power of tension and crisis.
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Smith, Jean Mae. "The theme of betrayal in Malcolm Lowry's Under the volcano." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1994. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1994.<br>Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2847. Abstract precedes thesis as 5 preliminary leaves. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [93]-96).
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Bastien, Danielle. "When Silence is Betrayal: Genocide and United States Foreign Policy." Thesis, Boston College, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/545.
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Thesis advisor: Eve Spangler<br>United States foreign policy must balance national interests with international obligations, including a commitment to human rights. Genocide represents an enormous violation of human rights but also a significant challenge to the formulation of United States foreign policies. The word genocide was created to encompass the multi-layered characteristics of the systematic and intentional nature of mass human destruction. Though the US has vowed to prevent and stop genocide from occurring, its actions do not indicate so. In Turkey the US failed to defend Armenians, using political principles to justify the decision. Association between the Holocaust and genocide has limited US recognition and action in other situations. Various methods were employed in response to genocide in Rwanda in order to avoid an obligation to action. Emphasizing the people and the society which they compose, the United States must not focus on a strict definition of genocide but must broaden its comprehension beyond technicalities in order to responsibly recognize and respond to genocide, and in doing so capture the intended comprehension of the word<br>Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2008<br>Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: History<br>Discipline: Sociology<br>Discipline: College Honors Program
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Schnurr, Noelia-Sarah. "From hope to betrayal : emotional antenarratives during mergers and acquisitions." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/49794/.
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In this thesis I study the construction of a merger and acquisition (M & A) process through emotional antenarratives. This builds on recent research in the M & A field, which has called for a more thorough understanding of emotions during M & A processes. After reviewing current literature on emotions as well as emotions in M & A processes I point to a gap in understanding how emotional experiences, as present in the organisation, shape the M & A process over time. I suggest that a narrative perspective is particularly well suited to study emotional experiences present in the organisation since organisations have often been conceptualised as storytelling systems. Narratives, which refer to accounts of experiences, give insights into emotions and construct M & A processes by shedding light on the sensemaking processes reflected in the narratives that are told. I consider several different approaches to narrative study, concluding that an antenarrative approach, which focuses on the fragmented narratives before narrative closure is achieved, is particularly well suited to studying storytelling during M & A, since storytelling during M & A is often fragmented and rarely coherent and since antenarratives give rich insights that are often lost in full narratives. I further point out that whilst recent work has started to appreciate the importance of antenarratives during M & A processes, no work has looked at the emotional dimension of antenarratives. In order to fill both of these gaps, I study emotional antenarratives over time during M & A, conceptualising emotional antenarratives as accounts of experiences with an emotional dimension. In a longitudinal empirical study of a company undergoing a merger I examine the way in which these emotional antenarratives construct the M & A process over time from hope and promise through to critique to nightmare towards betrayal. I do this by studying the characteristics of the emotional antenarratives. I suggest that this progression is due to employees making sense of the merger as breach of a psychological contract into which they have emotionally invested and committed to. My findings allow me to contribute to literature on M & A as well as M & A and emotions by showing how emotional experiences present in the organisation shape and construct the M & A process. I further contribute to literature on M & A and storytelling by showing the role the emotional dimension plays in evolving M & A processes. I finally contribute to work on psychological contract theory and work on emotional investment by showing their role in the M & A process.
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Grene, Clement. "Cowardice, betrayal and discipleship : Peter and Judas in the Gospels." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28753.
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This thesis looks at the role of Peter and Judas in the four canonical gospels, seeking to answer the question of why two such dramatic examples of failure in discipleship became, from so early on, an established and central part of the gospel narrative. The first chapter discusses the literary context of the gospels, considering issues such as the oral medium, the gospel communities, and the genre of the gospels. The second chapter examines the historical Peter and Judas, discussing the evidence in the rest of the New Testament and elsewhere in Christian tradition, followed by a range of parallel disciple figures in ancient literature, from the followers and debate partners of Plato’s Socrates to the students of the neo-Platonic philosopher Plotinus, making the case that a literary archetype for a disciple exists and is made use of in all of these texts. The third, fourth, fifth and sixth chapters look at each of the gospels in turn, discussing the way in which Peter and Judas correspond to the literary archetype and the ways that this archetype interacts both with the actual events of Jesus’ career and arrest, and potentially ongoing or recent events in each evangelist’s own community.
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Harris, Gene Maynard. "Trust and betrayal in the workplace : the subordinates' point of view /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1993. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9403629.
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Weaver, Kimberly C. "Mothering and Surrogacy in Twentieth-Century American Literature: Promise or Betrayal." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_diss/77.
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Twentieth-century American literature is filled with new images of motherhood. Long gone is the idealism of motherhood that flourished during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in life and in writing. Long gone are the mother help books and guides on training mothers. The twentieth-century fiction writer ushers in new examples of motherhood described in novels that critique the bad mother and turn a critical eye towards the role of women and motherhood. This study examines the trauma surrounding twentieth-century motherhood and surrogacy; in particular, how abandonment, rape, incest, and negation often results in surrogacy; and how selected authors create characters who as mothers fail to protect their children, particularly their daughters. This study explores whether the failure is a result of social-economic or physiological circumstances that make mothering and motherlove impossible or a rejection of the ideal mother seldom realized by contemporary women, or whether the novelists have rewritten the notion of the mother’s help books by their fragmented representations of motherhood. Has motherhood become a rejection of self-potential?
The study will critique mother-daughter relationships in four late twentieth-century American novels in their complex presentations of motherhood and surrogacy: Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye (1970), Kaye Gibbons’s Ellen Foster (1990), Dorothy Allison’s Bastard Out of Carolina (1992) and Sapphire’s Push (1997). Appropriated terminology from other disciplines illustrates the prevalence of surrogacy and protection in the subject novels. The use of surrogate will refer to those who come forward to provide the role of mothering and protection.
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Füredi, Frank. "The Mau Mau revolt in perspective : The betrayal of a dream." Thesis, University of Kent, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379273.
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Parker, Benjamin T. "Forgiveness of interpersonal betrayal the effects of empathy and trauma symptomology /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=3244.
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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2003.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 78 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 42-48).
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Kvetko, Alison G. "Tales of seduction and betrayal disputed marriage engagements in early modern France /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3167789.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of History, 2005.<br>Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-04, Section: A, page: 1467. Adviser: James C. Riley. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed Nov. 9, 2006)."
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Allard, Carolyn B. "The role of betrayal and culture on trauma sequelae in a Japanese sample /." view abstract or download file of text, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1324388001&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2007.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 207-222). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Clouse, Kimberly. "Best Laid Plans and Other Betrayals." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1523.
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Wennhager, Lena. "Oedipus in Ireland : Betrayal and Reconciliation in Neil Jordan’s Sunrise with Sea Monster." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2644.
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<p>In this essay I argue that the plot in Sunrise with Sea Monster, written by Irish writer Neil Jordan, is based on the Oedipal myth, such as interpreted by Freud and psychoanalyst literary theory. By applying aspects of this theory we discover meanings buried within the novel. The Oedipus situation arises when the main character Donal falls in love with his piano teacher Rose, but so does his father, who decides to marry her. The desire both men have for the same woman creates a conflict of interest, as well as leading to a series of betrayals, of which the worst and ultimate one is of the father, Sam, by the son, Donal. The situation is not helped further by the lack of communication which exists between the two men. When the Oedipal stage is overcome, when both Rose and Sam are out of the picture, this leads to a sort of reconciliation between Sam and Donal. Betrayal and reconciliation are the two main themes and these are governed by the Oedipal framework of the novel. I also argue that the imagery, in particular that of water and what it is connected to adds depth to the novel as well as closely relating to the main themes and the Oedipal background: the diverse aspects of the Oedipal conflict are expressed symbolically, metaphorically etc. in the novel.</p>
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Platt, Melissa G. "Feelings of shame and dissociation in survivors of high and low betrayal traumas." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3640220.
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<p> Betrayal trauma theory posits that victims of abuse perpetrated by someone close are more likely to dissociate from awareness of the abuse in order to protect the needed relationship. Shame may likewise protect the relationship by turning the victim's attention inward, thereby increasing the likelihood that the abusive environment will be overlooked. In this dissertation, the associations between shame, dissociation, and betrayal trauma were examined in two experimental studies. A third study examined the consequences of chronic shame. Aims were to determine whether shame and dissociation have a unique link with high betrayal traumas (HiBT), to understand the nature of the relationship between shame and dissociation, and to investigate the consequences of chronic shame. </p><p> In study 1, 124 female trauma survivors were randomly assigned to a high or low betrayal threat condition. Greater exposure to HiBT but not low betrayal traumas (LoBT) predicted increased shame and dissociation following high betrayal threat. Greater exposure to LoBT but not HiBT predicted increased fear following non-betrayal threat. Compared to non-dissociators, dissociators from threat endorsed more negative psychological consequences. </p><p> In study 2, 127 female trauma survivors completed a dissociation induction and battery of questionnaires. The bypassed shame theory, which proposes that dissociation serves to disconnect from the pain of shame, was examined. Results partially supported bypassed shame theory. Although feelings of shame led to a larger dissociation response to the induction, dissociation did not interrupt shame but rather led to even higher shame. Implications are discussed for a possible contributing role of shame to betrayal blindness. </p><p> In study 3, 247 trauma survivors completed online questionnaires addressing chronic shame hypotheses. Regression results revealed that all forms of chronic shame, especially trauma-focused shame, predicted negative health consequences. Correlation results revealed that HiBT was associated with more types of negative outcomes compared to LoBT and that HiBT but not LoBT was associated with chronic shame. </p><p> Taken together, results indicate that, like dissociation, shame may be both an adaptive and detrimental response following betrayal trauma and that emotional and cognitive responses other than fear warrant attention in trauma research and practice.</p>
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Phillips, James. "The enemy within : division and betrayal in literature of the Second World War." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8402/.
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Although descriptions of civilian experience during the Second World War tend to stress concepts of unity and the nation 'pulling together', much literature ofthe period repeatedly suggests division and distrust, and fears of an 'enemy within' that can be seen directly in the numerous fifth columnist plotlines and more indirectly through stories of personal treachery and duplicity. Here the work of a number of authors writing during World War II is examined, with close comparison of how themes of betrayal and mistrust are woven into their texts. This is placed in context through consideration both of government propaganda warning citizens of the dangers of spies and fifth columnists during the war and social fracturings along gender, class and political lines that were already in existence when war began. The 'enemy within' motif exists in a number of forms and discussion of this is extended to consider, for example, contemporary concerns that the increasing authoritarianism of the British government meant the country was moving towards the fascism it had gone to war to defeat, presentations of the home as an enemy space, and repeated depictions of fragmented identity and trauma that suggest the enemy also exists within the individual psyche.
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Tan, T. M. (Teck Ming). "Humanizing brands:the investigation of brand favorability, brand betrayal, temporal focus, and temporal distance." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526219318.
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Abstract Humanizing brands is an essential domain of current branding as it enhances the visibility of a brand by connecting consumers to the brand, thus contributing to strong brand equity. The term humanize used in this dissertation is not limited to brands with anthropomorphic characters, such as the M&M’s characters. Used in this context, the term also includes the ways in which consumers attribute a brand to be “close to me,” “like me,” and a “partner.” Although the research of customer-based brand equity has been well-documented over the past twenty-five years, limited attention has been given to examining the differential effect of brand favorability in forming a self-brand connection. Even more scarce are studies on the antecedents and indicators of brand betrayal. Further, up-to-date research is mostly silent as to whether temporal focus and temporal distance influence a brand’s ability to serve as a means of reflecting the consumer’s selves. To fill up these research gaps, this dissertation reports four research articles. More than two thousand samples were collected from Finland, India, and the US to examine the conceptual frameworks. First, this dissertation contributes to the literature on self-brand connection by articulating the effect of self-presentation by brand on self-brand connection. Second, it contributes to the literature of self-congruence, seen from the temporal perspective. Third, it adds to the brand betrayal literature by examining consumer anthropomorphize tendency and actual high-arousal positive states as the antecedents. It further explains the indicators of brand betrayal, consisting of failure severity and inferred negative motive. In term of managerial implications, the findings contribute to (1) the one-on-one marketing approach to branding, (2) incorporating consumer’s selves into branding considerations, and (3) assessing brand betrayal in a negative brand relationship<br>Tiivistelmä Brändien inhimillistäminen on keskeinen alue vallitsevassa brändien tutkimuksessa, sillä inhimillistämällä lisätään brändin näkyvyyttä kytkemällä kuluttajat brändiin, mikä osaltaan vahvistaa brändipääomaa. Tässä väitöskirjassa käytetty termi inhimillistäminen ei rajoitu vain brändeihin, jotka käyttävät antropomorfisia hahmoja kuten M&M:n hahmot. Tässä yhteydessä termiin sisältyy myös keinoja, joita hyödyntämällä kuluttajat tuntevat brändin olevan ”lähellä minua”, ”kuten minä” ja ”kumppani”. Vaikka asiakaslähtöisen brändipääoman tutkimusta on tehty paljon viimeisen 25 vuoden aikana, vain vähän huomiota on saanut brändien suosimisen vaikutus kuluttajan minän ja brändin välisen yhteyden muodostukseen. Vielä vähemmän tutkimusta on tehty brändien pettämisen syistä ja indikaattoreista. Lisäksi olemassa oleva tutkimus ei ota juurikaan kantaa siihen, vaikuttavatko ajallinen fokus ja ajallinen etäisyys brändin kykyyn heijastaa kuluttajien minää. Näiden tutkimusaukkojen täyttämiseksi väitöskirja esittelee neljän tutkimusartikkelin tuloksia. Käsitteellisten viitekehysten testaamista varten kerättiin yli 2 000 vastaajan aineisto kolmesta eri maasta. Ensinnäkin, tämä väitöskirja edistää kuluttajan minä-brändisuhteeseen liittyvää tutkimusta kuvaamalla brändin itse-presentaation vaikutusta minä-brändisuhteeseen. Toiseksi, tämä väitöskirja kontribuoi minä-kongruenssiin liittyvään kirjallisuuteen ajallisesta näkökulmasta tarkasteltuna. Kolmanneksi, tämä väitöskirja edistää brändien pettämiseen liittyvää kirjallisuutta tutkimalla kuluttajan taipumusta antropomorfisointiin ja toteutuneita korkean innostuneisuuden tiloja. Tutkimus myös selittää brändien pettämisen indikaattoreita, jotka koostuvat epäonnistumisen vakavuudesta ja brändin negatiivisesta motiivista. Liikkeenjohdollisina päätelminä tulokset ehdottavat (1) yhdeltä yhdelle markkinointia brändäykseen, (2) kuluttajan minän sisällyttämistä brändäyskysymyksiin, ja (3) brändin pettämisen arviointia negatiivisessa brändisuhteessa
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Steward, Tyran Kai. "In the Shadow of Jim Crow: The Benching and Betrayal of Willis Ward." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1374038170.
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Platt, Melissa. "Feelings of Shame and Dissociation in Survivors of High and Low Betrayal Traumas." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18304.
Texto completoResumen
Betrayal trauma theory posits that victims of abuse perpetrated by someone close are more likely to dissociate from awareness of the abuse in order to protect the needed relationship. Shame may likewise protect the relationship by turning the victim's attention inward, thereby increasing the likelihood that the abusive environment will be overlooked. In this dissertation, the associations between shame, dissociation, and betrayal trauma were examined in two experimental studies. A third study examined the consequences of chronic shame. Aims were to determine whether shame and dissociation have a unique link with high betrayal traumas (HiBT), to understand the nature of the relationship between shame and dissociation, and to investigate the consequences of chronic shame. In study 1, 124 female trauma survivors were randomly assigned to a high or low betrayal threat condition. Greater exposure to HiBT but not low betrayal traumas (LoBT) predicted increased shame and dissociation following high betrayal threat. Greater exposure to LoBT but not HiBT predicted increased fear following non-betrayal threat. Compared to non-dissociators, dissociators from threat endorsed more negative psychological consequences. In study 2, 127 female trauma survivors completed a dissociation induction and battery of questionnaires. The bypassed shame theory, which proposes that dissociation serves to disconnect from the pain of shame, was examined. Results partially supported bypassed shame theory. Although feelings of shame led to a larger dissociation response to the induction, dissociation did not interrupt shame but rather led to even higher shame. Implications are discussed for a possible contributing role of shame to betrayal blindness. In study 3, 247 trauma survivors completed online questionnaires addressing chronic shame hypotheses. Regression results revealed that all forms of chronic shame, especially trauma-focused shame, predicted negative health consequences. Correlation results revealed that HiBT was associated with more types of negative outcomes compared to LoBT and that HiBT but not LoBT was associated with chronic shame. Taken together, results indicate that, like dissociation, shame may be both an adaptive and detrimental response following betrayal trauma and that emotional and cognitive responses other than fear warrant attention in trauma research and practice.
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Gardiner, Josephine Mary, University of Western Sydney, of Arts Education and Social Sciences College, and of Communication Design and Media School. "The concerto inn." THESIS_CAESS_CDM_Gardiner_J.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/520.
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'The Concerto Inn' is a work of fiction that tells the story of two sisters, each of whom kills a person she loves, each of whom is on the run. The novel traces the strand of betrayal and violence that Madeleine and Isobel enact, and in its conclusion makes it clear that the two stories are the same story repeated. 'The architect's dream - project manual for The Concerto Inn' presents itself as the workbook of the Architect who has been commissioned by the elusive author of 'The Concerto Inn' to design and construct a library. It stands as an endnote, a companion piece to the novel and is part architectural treatise and part ficto-criticism. Infiltrated by a number of different voices in different registers. it considers aspects of narrative structure using the language and metaphors of architecture.<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) (Communication and Media)
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Nelson, Laura M. "The Byzantine perspective of the First Crusade a reexamination of alleged treachery and betrayal /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5361.
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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2007.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iii, 94 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-94).
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Sheikhi, Sara Alma Safije. "Beyond the Betrayal of Language : On the Role of Skepticism in Otherwise than Being." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Filosofiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353502.
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In Otherwise than Being (1974), Levinas asked if and how philosophy could make justice of the concrete ethical meeting by philosophical practice, which is unconditionally conditioned by language. Language, understood as partly situated in being and ontology, is analysed as an appropriation of the other, who is other than being. Language could therefore according to Levinas never fully express the other – sometimes referred to as “otherism”. A condition, then, that needs to be fulfilled for philosophical practice to reach the goal of making justice for the other, and hence be meaningful in the Levinasian picture, is to transcend language through language. In the essay, I analyse through textual interpretation what appears to be a contradiction regarding Levinas’ answer to the possibility of transcendence through and by language in philosophy. On one hand, it appears as if philosophy could not overcome language through language, and that philosophical practice therefore is not meaningful. On the other hand, it appears as if sceptical discourse could overcome language through language. Scepticism might then be considered as the only meaningful practice and philosophy a game of deconstructive dialogue. Since skepticism is understood as a part of philosophy, this would imply that there is a contradiction. I argue that the contradiction could be understood as apparent when considering the criticism executed in Levinas’ analysis of language. I suggest that the contradiction is apparent because sceptical interchange is meaningful.
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Schantz, Ashley A. "Betrayal Characteristics and Self-Forgiveness: The Mediating and Moderating Roles of Social-Cognitive Variables." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1366658574.
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Helton, Crystal Denise. "Discourses of disappointment the betrayal of women's emancipation following the French and Russian revolutions /." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2003. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=226.
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Goldsmith, Rachel Evelyn. "Physical and emotional health effects of betrayal trauma : a longitudinal study of young adults /." view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3147821.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-136). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Britt, William. "Seduction is Not Yet Betrayal: Trust and the Essence of Truth for Heidegger and Freud." Thesis, Boston College, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104065.
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Thesis advisor: Jeffrey Bloechl<br>This project takes up the old question of the nature of truth by seeking to say, at one stroke, both what enables truth and falsity and what lets them matter to us so centrally. Somehow, we as human beings are fundamentally connected to a world in which the truth of statements and the genuineness of things can matter to us deeply and coherently. And yet, I try to show, this coherent unity between being and thinking can also be radically (if not always permanently) broken in the experience of psychosis. I argue that the source of that vulnerable unity must be a contingent event in which I find myself disposed trustingly toward the world, and therein find the world disclosed as trustworthy. Such primitive trust is phenomenally related to trusting a person, and Freudian psychoanalysis shows us that it develops psychologically through relation to a person. As what fundamentally structures self and world, however, this kind of attunement transcends psychology. Our very access to the being of things, i.e., to their compelling importance and organized significance, depends upon it. Thus, I support Martin Heidegger's account of the essence of truth as what first makes accessible the comparisons (between word and thing, for example) on which more traditional theories of truth are based. Yet I also confront Heidegger's phenomenological version of trust by highlighting what is at stake ontologically in our interpersonal psychic development, which psychoanalysis reveals to take place by way of seduction. Heidegger assumes that being must show itself, even if in a concealed way, and thus always takes absence as withdrawal or absencing, rather than as a radical break. By attending to the meaningful phenomena of psychosis, I defend the thesis that our relation to the world is instead opened up and sustained by a fundamental affective attunement (trust) that can dramatically fail. In other words, I try to show that we are exposed to a more radical kind of concealment than Heidegger's thinking of truth seems able to do justice to, a failure of being that can thoroughly overwhelm us<br>Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2014<br>Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: Philosophy
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Akhtar, Shakil. "US politics of betrayal : the Urdu press on Pakistan-US relations since the 1971 War." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2016. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/16626/.
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This research examines the history and structure of the Urdu press discourse on Pakistan-US relations since the 1971 War in order to understand its perceptions of US betrayal. Two of the most popular Urdu newspapers in Pakistan have been studied with reference to three alleged cases of US betrayal. These are: the US failure in the 1971 War to provide sufficient military support to Pakistan to prevent its disintegration; US opposition to Pakistan's nuclear program and ignoring of the security concerns of its ally in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s; and the unilateral US operation conducted on 2 May 2011 targeting Osama bin Laden which violated Pakistan’s sovereignty. The Urdu press has not only been identifying examples of US betrayal of Pakistan since the 1971 War, but also has developed a structure for that discourse. The dominant voices of the discourse generally argue that the US not only betrays but also conspires against Pakistan's security. The discourse offers certain modalities of US conspiracy, such as pressurising tactics like sanctions and attaching conditions onto economic and military aid to Pakistan, or interfering in Pakistan's domestic affairs through diplomatic or undiplomatic means. Further, US conspiracy and betrayal is also rationalised by mainly offering three types of causes. First, it is argued that the US betrays Pakistan in order to pursue its own strategic interests in South Asia. Second, it is argued that the US is a hegemonic, capitalistic force, which conspires against Pakistan in collaboration with the Pakistani ruling elite and betrays it in order to protect its own material interests. Third, it is argued that the US is an anti-Islamic force, which conspires against and repeatedly betrays a Muslim country. Interviews with some of the prominent journalists and politicians conducted for this research also identified some excluded voices within Pakistan which did not agree with this discourse of a US politics of betrayal. Thus, this study analyses the history of the Urdu press discourse which contributes to the social construction of the idea of a US politics of betrayal, but in so doing, it also builds understanding of its structure, and helps to rationalise the perception of a US politics of betrayal since the 1971 War.
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Sinha, Aditi. "Life Beyond Betrayal: the Influence of Self-as-context on Self-complexity and Posttraumatic Stress." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699906/.
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While current research indicates that traumas high in social betrayal are more closely associated with symptoms of posttraumatic stress and identity disturbances than are traumas low in betrayal, the psychological mechanisms by which identity problems occur are less understood. The current project explored the relationships between traumas high and low in betrayal and their influence on self-complexity, through the RFT and ACT conceptualization of three types of self-experiencing: self-as-content, self-as-process, and self-as-context. The roles of experiential avoidance, dissociation, and severity of PTSD symptoms were also considered within this framework. A sample of 548 undergraduate students at the University of North Texas completed online self-report questionnaires, and results suggested that self-as-context more strongly predicted PTSD symptoms than trauma exposure, dissociation, and experiential avoidance. Moreover, high betrayal trauma was found to be a stronger negative predictor of self-as-context than low betrayal trauma. Exposure to trauma was found to significantly predict self-complexity, and self-as-context more strongly predicted self-complexity than did self-as-process. Interestingly, self-as-context did not moderate the relationship between trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms, nor between trauma exposure and self-complexity. Implications of the current study’s findings, as well as suggestions for further research related to the impact of interpersonal betrayal on the self and psychological health, are discussed.
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Tabak, Benjamin A. "Associations of the Oxytocin Receptor Gene (OXTR) and Emotional Reactions to Betrayal in an Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma." Scholarly Repository, 2011. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/604.
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Recent research has shown that variation in the gene encoding for the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) contributes to individual differences in social-cognitive and emotional functioning in both clinical and non-clinical populations. OXTR has been associated with prosocial behavior, positive and negative emotionality, empathy, maternal sensitivity, and stress reactivity. To date, no study has investigated OXTR in the context of behavioral and emotional reactions to betrayals in trust. The present study examined how variation in 10 SNPs on OXTR may contribute to individual differences in behavior, emotional reactions, and perceptions following a betrayal in trust in an iterated prisoner’s dilemma game. Following correction for multiple testing, one SNP (rs237887) and two haplotypes (A-rs237887, C-rs2268490; G-rs237887, C-rs2268490) were significantly associated with positive emotional reactions to betrayal. In addition, one haplotype (C-rs9840864, T-rs2268490) was significantly associated with negative emotional reactions to betrayal. The present findings suggest that variation on OXTR may contribute to individual differences in emotional reactions to betrayals in trust.
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Kirton, Andrew. "Matters of interpersonal trust." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/matters-of-interpersonal-trust(c3e39a12-b9a1-4bb1-b9fd-b2a48d5f56a3).html.
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This thesis defends an account of what it is to trust other people, and what gives matters of trust a characteristic interpersonal or normative importance to us. Trust is an attitude of the trust stance; a more general attitude we take toward others in matters of trust, that includes distrust. Matters of trust are situations we trust/distrust others in. I put forward an account of the trust stance, that explains why matters of trust have interpersonal importance to us. Chapter 1 introduces the key questions to be addressed by the account. I outline how trust can be tied to specific actions, but can also be a general attitude we have about a person, or people. I set out how trust is standardly conceived as an anticipatory/predictive attitude, that also involves interpersonal import. That import is glimpsed in the possibility of betrayal by those we trust, and I point toward existing accounts of betrayal. I present arguments against accounts of trust that take it to be purely predictive, i.e. those of the rational choice/game-theoretic tradition. Chapter 2 introduces the dominant philosophical view of trust, which holds that to trust is to rely on another, such that we can be betrayed by her. I call this the Reliance plus (REL+) view. I offer a critical overview of three prominent REL+ accounts, from Baier (1986), Holton (1994), and Hawley (2014). I illustrate how an account of distrust that Hawley endorses, of betrayable non-reliance on another, results from REL+. Chapter 3 presents an argument against REL+. I argue it cannot allow for the possibility of uncertainty about another, where uncertainty is a trust stance attitude between trust and distrust. Uncertainty is possible, so REL+ must be false. Chapter 4 presents another argument against REL+. The argument is that distrust cannot be a product of non-reliance, so REL+ must be false. I argue that REL+ fails because it ignores a distinction between two senses of 'trust': an activity of reliance, and a mental state of assurance. Distrust is only an attitude of wariness, opposed to assurance, rather than reliance. I defend the claim that reliance requires practical dependence on what is relied on. I build upon in this claim in the next chapter. Chapter 5 defends an account of reliance as an activity, in support of the active/stative trust distinction from chapter 4. I evaluate Smith's (2010) account of reliance, which endorses practical dependence. I argue that Smith's account faces a dilemma, showing the account is either incomplete, or that it renders reliance impossible. I defend a 'role placement in activity' account of reliance, that avoids the dilemma. Chapter 6 defends a distinction between reliance and dependence in general. Where reliance involves practical dependence, I argue that dependence is a matter of fundamentally needing something as a matter of functioning and wellbeing. My account of the concept comes into play in chapter 8. Chapter 7 sets out a more detailed account of the stative trust stance attitudes. I use the active/stative distinction to address a question over whether we can trust voluntarily, and the relation between specific and general trust. I set out the concept of a situational vulnerability, that the trust stance attitudes are about, and which can result from reliance on another. I defend an account of the trust stance as a rolling schema: an anticipatory framework that involves interpreting another's motives toward us, in respect of situations of vulnerability. Chapter 8 argues that the interpersonal import of trust is a product of our felt need for secure attachments to individuals, and to belong to a group. I explain the relationship between social dependence on others and betrayability.
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Boyer, Andrée Mary. "Nathalie Sarraute’s Enfance or Tropismes Rewritten." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1257791751.
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Hoveka, Dineo Ida. "A study of selected themes of protest in Zakes Mda's post-apartheid fiction." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2627.
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Thesis (M.A. (English Studies)) --University of Limpopo, 2009<br>This dissertation examines elements of protest in four of Zakes Mda’s novels, namely, Ways of Dying (1995a), She Plays with the Darkness (1995b), The Heart of Redness (2000), and The Madonna of Excelsior (2002). The elements of protest that are identified and investigated in this study are abuse, betrayal, discrimination, and violence. This study also shows that these elements of protest that are investigated are a result of a lack of integrity and social accountability on the part of government, the civil service, and individuals themselves. In addition, this dissertation reveals the extent to which social injustices negatively influence the thinking and behaviour of the general South African society and thwart the aspirations of ordinary people. Finally, suggestions to curb abuse, betrayal, and discrimination are made.
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McGee, Wilson Kerry. "ENSEMBLE REHEARSAL PRACTICES: THE EVOLUTION AND APPLICATION OF REHEARSAL TECHNIQUE AS EXPLORED IN HAROLD PINTER’S BETRAYAL." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2375.
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Three years ago, Bonnie Gabel and I started an ensemble theatre company called Night Light Collective (NLC). Our company was inspired by the work of Anne Bogart and the Dah Theatre in Belgrade, Serbia. We used many of their techniques and exercises to develop a rehearsal process that would help our ensemble connect to each other as well as contribute to the artistic direction of our productions. In the fall of 2010, I directed Harold Pinter’s Betrayal. I used the rehearsal practices that we developed with NLC and created a few of my own. This thesis documents the evolution of various rehearsal techniques over the course of three Night Light Collective shows, and the application of those techniques to the Betrayal rehearsal process.
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Williams, Laurel Kaylee. "The Experience of Sexual Betrayal Trauma: A Qualitative Analysis of Responses from the Trauma Inventory for Partners of Sex Addicts (TIPSA)." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8557.
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Partners of sex addicts report symptoms similar to those of post-traumatic stress disorder in a mental health crisis known as betrayal trauma. Behaviors that constitute sexual addiction include viewing pornography, a behavior often claimed to affect no one but the user. This article presents an analysis of 1,191 qualitative responses to an item on the Trauma Inventory for Partners of Sex Addicts (TIPSA), with particular emphasis on respondents’ self-reported disruption to relationships outside of the marriage/romantic relationship (e.g., with their children, employers, friends) following discovery of betrayal. Phenomenological analysis was conducted on participants’ responses to determine if other relationships are/are not being significantly affected. Seven themes of disruption were found, including impairment to functioning, difficulty fulfilling roles, preoccupation, loss of identity, shame, getting stuck, and moving on. A discussion is included on the implications of these findings, including the implications for therapists who work with sex addicts and their partners and recommendations for policy changes.
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Levin, Janina. "Modern Reinterpretations of the Cuckold." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/91450.
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English<br>Ph.D.<br>The cuckold has been a neglected character in Western literary history, subject to derision and often cruel comic effects. Yet three major modern novelists portrayed the cuckold as a protagonist: Gustave Flaubert in Madame Bovary, Henry James in The Golden Bowl, and James Joyce in Ulysses. This study compares their portrayal of the cuckold with medieval storytellers' portrayal of him in the fabliau tales. The comparison shows that modern writers used the cuckold to critique Enlightenment modes of knowing, such as setting up territorial boundaries for emerging disciplines and professions. Modern writers also attributed a greater value than medieval writers did to the cuckold's position as a non-phallic man, because he allowed his wife sexual freedom. Finally, they saw the cuckold as the other side of the artist; through him, they explore the possibility that the Everyman can be a vehicle for reflected action, rather than heroic action. This study combines Lacanian psychoanalysis with narratology to analyze the cuckold as a subject and as a compositional resource for modern novelists.<br>Temple University--Theses