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Omilanowska-Kiljańczyk, Małgorzata. "Harmonia świata a osuszanie fekaliów. Juliusz Świecianowski i jego twórczość". Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki 67, n.º 4 (19 de diciembre de 2022): 31–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/0023589xkhnt.22.034.16965.
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The Harmony of the World and the Drying of Faeces. Juliusz Świecianowski and His Works Juliusz Świecianowski (1834–1900) was a member of the Academia di San Luca, Academia di Belle Arti in Bologna and the Congregazione dei Virtuosi al Pantheon in Rome (today Pontificia Insigne Accademia di Belle Arti e Lettere). He was an architect by education but, above all, a theoretician and inventor. He published his universalistic aesthetic theories alluding to occultism and Kabbalah in many languages. At the same time, he described and patented practical technical devices – faecal dryers, crematoria, and disinfection furnaces – whose task was to free the world from harmful miasms. He was remembered as an eccentric and visionary, believing that the essence of the world’s beauty lies in harmony resulting from the combining of all aspects of nature and human creation and that the salvation for this beauty is the development of the art of hygiene, which will free the world from the harmful fumes of civilization.
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Turaeni, Tanjung. "Citra Perempuan Dalam Geguritan Siti Badariah". ATAVISME 11, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2008): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.24257/atavisme.v11i1.328.95-108.
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Geguritan Siti Badariah (GSB) represent Bali traditional baler-letters, that interested to be researched because there are moral concept related to Hinduism teaching through to woman figure. Relate to the mentioned, this research focused to characters woman in GSB. This research study belles-lettersthrough analysis feminist criticizes by literature review and hermeneutic method, and also objective intrinsic approach. In general geguritan in Bali use Kepara's Balinese as its medium, but on the contrary to GSB as one of the Bali traditional belier-letters use Malay, but in usage of art convention such as pupuh and padalingsa, the auther tries to fulfill orders convention. GSB as Bali traditional belier-letters and Malay as its medium, containing cultural values which beller-letters background, and the happening to acculturation cultural, between Balinese culture and Malay. The comprehending woman's character in GSB, feminist theory in studying problems to woman's physically, psyches, and sociologies, passing description to main figure. Woman's character physically an psyches, women have beautiful charming and face to every men. As well as beautiful physically, woman also has holy heart, and smart intellectually.
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Luo, Tao. "CP Violation Sensitivity at the Belle II Experiment". International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 46 (enero de 2018): 1860061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194518600613.
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The sensitivity on the measurements of the angles of the CKM unitarity triangle, i.e. [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], for Belle II experiment is presented in this letter, the CKM mechanism is expected to be tested at 1% level on Belle II.
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Kononenko, Taras y Halyna Ilina. "REPUBLIC OF BELLES-LETTRES. A COMMENTARY TO UKRAINIAN TRANSLATION OF THE TERMS FROM DAVID HUME’S “OF ESSAY-WRITING”". Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Philosophy 2, n.º 5 (2021): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2523-4064.2021/5-2/8.
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The article is a commentary to philosophical terms of David Hume’s “Of Essay Writing”, that became necessary in working on its Ukrainian translation. “Of Essay Writing” is an essay on conversation that was published in English in 1742 in the first edition of “Essays, Moral and Political” by D. Hume. The commentary focuses on two concepts that are important for understanding the content and cultural and historical context of an essay. First, the concept of “Republic of Letters” is considered. This Renaissance metaphor was in active use in the XV-XVIII centuries and described the conversational community of European intellectuals, formed by correspondent networks. In the age of Enlightenment, an alternative to correspondence was conversation in the newly formed public sphere of communication, concentrated in salons, clubs and other common social spaces. In his essay, D. Hume contrasts the concept of "Republic of Letters" with the concept of “Empire of Conversation”, emphasizing the difference between the worlds of “learned” and “conversible”, where “learned” use correspondence and “conversible” participate in public conversation. Secondly, this commentary examines the concept of "Belles Lettres" - a term of Renaissance origin, the part of humanists educational project “bonnae litterae”, which revealed the role of “studia humanitatis” (humanities) in shaping the aesthetics of writing (including letter writing). David Hume associate "Belles Lettres" with the concept of “taste”, which is a central category of his empiricist aesthetics. According to Hume, the taste comes from specific experience, the components of which are the humanities. At the same time, “Belles Lettres” requires the experience of conversation, and essay-writing is a means, which D. Hume proposes to use to spread the achievements of the “Republic of Letters” in the community of the “Empire of Conversation”.
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Cheng, Anne. "Les « Budé chinois » entrent aux Belles Lettres". La lettre du Collège de France, n.º 28 (1 de abril de 2010): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/lettre-cdf.1029.
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Eastwood, Robin. "Letters, Belles-Lettres, and Silence". International Psychogeriatrics 10, n.º 2 (junio de 1998): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610298005225.
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When the Titanic sped towards New York, the captain was less concerned about icebergs than about transatlantic records. Nevertheless when the ship crashed, the captain did his duty and went down with the ship. Captains lead lonely, but not necessarily isolated, lives. What about editors? I do not wish to drown, but do lament the lack of letters (or correspondence as it is called elsewhere in the English-speaking world). Despite the pleas, nobody answers the call for letters to the editor. Like the captain, I want to know what's going on and what people think.
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Рабчук, Ірина. "АПОЗИТИВНА СИНТАКСЕМА ЯК ВИРАЗНИК ТРОПЕЇЧНИХ ЗНАЧЕНЬ У ХУДОЖНЬОМУ ТЕКСТІ". Studia Ukrainica Posnaniensia 8, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2020): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/sup.2020.8.2.04.
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The article focuses on the fact that modern Ukrainian linguistic research is mainly devoted to the functioning of appositive epithets and metaphors syntaxemes in the poetical type of the belles-letters style. Therefore, the aim of the paper is an attempt at a comprehensive analysis of the tropical meanings of the appositive syntaxeme proper and semi-predicative appositive syntaxeme in texts of in prose and poetical belles-letters style, as well as a description of their stylistic roles. The article reveals that, in most cases, appositive syntaxemes are epithets, similes, and metaphors. Іt has been found that in belles-letters text, the appositive syntaxeme in detached and non-detached positions can take the form of the following tropes: personification, oxymoron, paronomasia, antithesis, amplification. Moreover, it is capable of expressing irony and sarcasm. The author records the cases of the use of semi-predicative appositive syntaxemes in the roles of synecdoches, periphrases and hyperboles. The author concludes that all appositive syntaxemes with tropical function create bright images of human characters as well as the other creatures, objects and phenomena that surround them. They allow writers to convey their thoughts, attitudes, and the peculiarities of their perception of the world.
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Beekes, Robert. "The Origin of Apollo". Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions 3, n.º 1 (2003): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569212031960384.
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AbstractWe shall argue that Burkert's etymology deriving the name Apollo from a Dorian word for 'assembly', απελλα, is linguistically and historically impossible. This means that the possibility of Anatolian origin is open again. It is argued that Apollo is a Pre-Greek-Anatolian name. The expected proto-form of this name is found in the name Appaliunas, a god of Wilusa/Ilios mentioned in a Hittite letter. This strongly suggests Anatolian origin of the name. This is confirmed by the Homeric epithet αυκηγενηζ, which has long been recognised as an archaic formation meaning 'born in Lycia'. This fits well with the strong Anatolian connections of Apollo as well as his mother Leto and his sister Artemis. L'étymologie proposée par Burkert du mot Apollon comme dérivé du mot apella, 'assemblée', est impossible, pour des raisons linguistiques et historiques. Il est donc possible que le mot, et le dieu, est d'origine anatolienne. Le nom est pré-grecanatolien. La proto-forme expectée est trouveé dans le nom Appaliunas, dieu de Wilusa / Ilios mentionné dans une lettre hittite, ce qui est une belle confirmation d'une origine anatolienne. Ceci est confirmé par l'épithéte homérique Lukégenés, 'né en Lycie'. Une origine anatolienne est en accord avec les liens d'Apollon lui meme, sa mére Leto et sa soeur Artemis avec l'Anatolie.
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Loporcaro, Michele. "Da dove vengono, cosa significano e come si usano sfiga, sfigato e (che) figo/fico". XII, 2020/1 (gennaio-marzo) 12, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 2020): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35948/2532-9006/2020.3276.
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Un lettore pone un quesito mettendo insieme alcune parole apparentemente tutte connesse: “Mi chiedo perché la parola fico/figo indicante normalmente il frutto dell’albero omonimo (e le grazie femminili se il sostantivo è al femminile […]) abbia assunto la connotazione gergal-giovanile di ‘bello, ganzo, sorprendente’. Come ci si è arrivati? E come si è arrivati ad usare la medesima parola per descrivere un/a bello/a ragazzo/a? E per quanto riguarda la parola sfiga invece?”. Su quest’ultimo termine chiedono spiegazioni anche una lettrice e un altro lettore che ipotizzano una possibile correlazione con il termine gergale fica e/o figa. Su quest’ultimo termine chiedono spiegazioni anche una lettrice (“Vorrei sapere come e da che cosa è nata la parola sfiga, se ha qualche correlazione con il termine gergale fica o figa e se è una parola maschilista”) e, con formulazione sintomaticamente diversa (che qui non riteniamo opportuno riportare per esteso), un altro lettore, il quale chiede se sia “iellato chi non dispone” liberamente del denotato del termine di cui sopra.
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Nelson, Anita L. "Letter to the Editor in response to Belle Taylor-McGhee". Contraception 81, n.º 2 (febrero de 2010): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2009.03.011.
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Walle, Alf H. "Hack Writing vs. Belle Letters: The Strategic Implications of Literary Achievement". Journal of Popular Culture 30, n.º 3 (diciembre de 1996): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3840.1996.00185.x.
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Bolton, Carol. "Through Spanish Eyes: Robert Southey's Double Vision in Letters from England: By Don Manuel Alvarez Espriella (1807)". Victoriographies 2, n.º 1 (mayo de 2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/vic.2012.0056.
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In Letters from England, written ostensibly from Don Manuel Espriella to his family at home in Spain, Southey declares he will also incorporate ‘what I think respecting this country and these times’ (‘Letter to Charles Watkin Williams Wynn’). One of the aspects of society that concerned Southey was the state of the labouring classes and the detrimental effect of industrialisation on rural life. His Spanish tourist, who is ‘bigoted to his religion, and willing to discover such faults and such symptoms of declining power here as may soothe or gratify [his] natural inferiority’, makes a comparative study of the treatment of the poor in England and Spain (‘Letter to Charles Watkin Williams Wynn’). Espriella comments negatively on the growth of manufacturing industries, the effects of the enclosure acts, and the migration of rural communities to the cities. He suggests that the English nation has lost its once stable social order, when landowners and religious institutions felt a moral obligation for the welfare of the peasantry. And, despite Southey's antipathy towards the Catholic faith after his visits to Spain (in 1795–6 and 1800–1), he states Espriella's conviction that shared religious belief is a cohesive force that binds hierarchical society together. With the help of his Spanish alter-ego, Southey invokes an idealised, English feudal past to oppose contemporary legislative solutions to rural poverty, such as workhouses and poor laws. Espriella's reverence for ancient historical sites, his criticism of commercialism, and his concern that new religious sects will imperil the religious and social order, would seem to belie his nationality and his youth. However, they complement Southey's argument that the treatment of the rural poor is one more symptom of how far England has travelled from its Arcadian past. In this article, the ‘double vision’ of Letters from England is examined to demonstrate how Southey interweaves the observations of his European commentator into the British social politics that he seeks to present.
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Williams, Steve. "Masonry Metaphores and Brickyard Blues". Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 36, n.º 2 (marzo de 2005): 90–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.36.2.0090.
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One of the most compelling memories from my early days in graduate school is of reading Begle and Gibb's (1980) chapter, “Why Do Research?” What captured my attention the most was their discussion of a letter from Bernard K. Forscher (1963) to the editor of Science.
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A.I., Demchuk. "ГЕНДЕРНІ АСПЕКТИ ПЕРЦЕПЦІЇ ГОЛОСУ ТА ЇЇ ВЕРБАЛІЗАЦІЇ В АНГЛОМОВНОМУ ХУДОЖНЬОМУ ДИСКУРСІ: ПРЕЛІМІНАРНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ". South archive (philological sciences), n.º 83 (4 de noviembre de 2020): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2663-2691/2020-83-7.
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Purpose. This study is devoted to the gender differences in voice perception and their reflection in the English belles-lettres discourse. The purpose of the study is to make a comparative analysis of voice prosodic characteristics and their verbalization means in female and male authors’ and to study how gender differences (if any) in voice perception are reflected in the English belles-lettres discourse.Methods. On the basis of our previous research of voice prosodic parameters verbalization in the modern English language the lexical units nominating voice prosodic characteristics (melody, loudness, voice quality, tempo) and their combinations were singled out in female and male belles-lettres discourses. Qualitative and linguistic analyses highlight the main peculiarities of female and male author’s voice perception verbalization in the novels “Bridget Jones’ diary” by H. Fielding and “Never let me go” by K. Ishiguro.Results. The results of the study show that in the male belles-lettres discourse the most significant verbalized voice prosodic characteristics are loudness and combinations of melody and loudness, to be more precise, of low pitch and decreased loudness. Thus, the prosodic characteristic of loudness goes first in the reflection of the voice perception in the male discourse. In the female belles-lettres discourse verbalized voice quality and combinations of two and three prosodic characteristics proved to play a leading role. Verbalized combinations of high pitch and increased loudness as well as of slurred voice quality and decreased loudness appear to be pivotal in the female author. This fact sustains the idea that the female writer favours a more detailed description of the voice prosodic characteristics meanwhile the male author tends to a general reflection of voice perception, foregrounding one prosodic parameter of loudness.Conclusions. These results allow to conclude about female higher accuracy in voice perception and its verbalization. Melody and tempo seem to be the least important in voice perception and its reflection for both female and male authors. Мета. У статті представлено результати аналізу гендерних аспектів перцепції голосу та їх реалізації в англомовному художньому дискурсі. Здійснено порівняльний аналіз засобів вербалізації просодичних параметрів голосу у фемінному та маскулінному худож-ньому дискурсах. Досліджено деякі гендерні аспекти перцепції голосу та її віддзеркалення в англомовному художньому дискурсі.Методи. З огляду на результати наших попередніх досліджень, із фемінного та маскулінного художніх дискурсів було виокремлено лексичні одиниці, що вербалізують просодичні характеристики голосу (гучність, мелодійний компонент, темп, якість голосу) та їх комбінації. За допомогою кількісного та лінгвістичного аналізів було висвітлено основні особливості пер-цепції голосу автором-жінкою Х. Філдінг і автором-чоловіком К. Ісігуро в творах “Bridget Jones’s diary” та “Never let me go”.Результати. Pезультати дослідження доводять, що в маскулінному художньому дискурсі найбільш значущими виявилися вербалізовані просодичні характеристики гучності та комбінації гучності та мелодики, точніше, низького рівню голосового тону та пониженої гучності. Таким чином, параметр гучності відіграє найголовнішу роль в відображенні слухової перцепції в маскулінному художньому дискурсі. Що стосується фемінного художнього дискурсу, то тут провідна роль належить якості голосу та комбінаціям двох або навіть трьох просодичних характеристик. Серед комбінацій просодичних параметрів голосу найбільш вагомими є вербалізовані комбінації високого рівня голосового тону й підвищеної гучності разом із комбінаціями недбалої якості голосу й пониженої гучності. Цей факт підтверджує припущення про те, що авторові-жінці притаманний більш детальний опис сприйнятого на слух голосу, а саме його просодичних характеристик, в той час як автор-чоловік тяжіє до більш загального відображення слухової перцепції, висуваючи на перший план одну просодичну характеристику гучності.Висновки. Отримані прелімінарні результати дають змогу зробити висновок про те, що авторам-жінкам притаманна біль-ша точність та детальність слухової перцепції й її відображення, на відміну від авторів-чоловіків. Мелодика разом із темпом та їх вербалізація виявилися найменш значущими як для фемінного, так і для маскулінного художнього дискурсів.
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SHELDEN, MARY LAMB, Sallie Holley y C. L. Putnam. "“Such a Great Light”: Letters to Louisa and Abba Alcott from the Holley School for Freed People and the Story of Winnie Beale's Emancipation". Resources for American Literary Study 37 (1 de enero de 2014): 67–151. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/resoamerlitestud.37.2014.0067.
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Abstract This article transcribes and offers historical introduction to a hitherto-unpublished collection of letters from Sallie Holley and Caroline Putnam, founders of the Holley School for the freed people of Lottsburgh on Virginia's Northern Neck, to renowned author Louisa May Alcott and her mother, Abigail May Alcott, who over many years solicited and sent contributions to the school. As good ambassadors for their project, Holley and Putnam sent letters of gratitude documenting the use of various donated items and offering a vivid picture of the daily life of the school. The letters also contain three versions of a transcribed slave narrative of one of the school's neighbors, Winnie Beale, who was sold South before the Civil War and worked her way back to Lottsburgh after emancipation.
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Marggraf Turley, Richard y Jennifer Squire. "Haggard and woe-begone: The Arundels’ Tomb and John Keats’s ‘La Belle Dame Sans Merci’". Romanticism 28, n.º 2 (julio de 2022): 154–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/rom.2022.0551.
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The first draft of Keats’s ‘La Belle Dame Sans Merci’ appears abruptly, seemingly from nowhere, in a letter of April 1819. In this famously inconclusive poem, the knight-at-arms, much like the geographic setting in which his psychological drama plays out, also seems to exist in uncoordinated, self-contained space. This essay seeks to connect the apparently mythical reference points in the ballad to actual places known to Keats. In particular, it examines the prompts and cues that Keats found around him in January and February 1819 during a visit to Chichester and Bedhampton. Our focus is on the imaginatively catalysing effigies of an alabaster knight and lady seen in Chichester cathedral – famous from Philip Larkin’s poem, ‘An Arundel Tomb’ – as well as on the topography of hills, lakes and meads that Keats encountered while staying at Lower Mill in Bedhampton. This essay, then, attempts a ‘placing’ of key elements of ‘La Belle Dame Sans Merci’ in Keats’s lived world. The act allows us to expand and deepen our sense of the complex relationship between physical, imaginative and emotional topographies in Keats’s poetry.
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Block, Walter E. "Murray Rothbard, Anarchist". Studia z Historii Filozofii 12, n.º 4 (28 de diciembre de 2021): 7–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/szhf.2021.018.
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This essay is in honor of Murray N. Rothbard. He made many important, nay, exquisite contributions to belles letters, not limited to economics, history, philosophy, sociology; even to movie reviews of all things. The present essay is an attempt to honor him by making the case for free market anarchism, the thesis that ran through most of his intellect output.
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Kasavin, Ilya. "History of Science a la Belle Lettre: a Case of Laura Snyder". Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 48, n.º 2 (2016): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps201648220.
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Strobel, Marian Elizabeth. "A Lost Heroine of the Confederacy: The Diaries and Letters of Belle Edmondson". History: Reviews of New Books 20, n.º 2 (enero de 1992): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1992.9949588.
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Gil Maturana, Diego Antonio. "“Eu, o Supremo”: entre a perpetuidade e a interpretação, ou a diferença entre ditadura e gramatocracia". Anamorphosis - Revista Internacional de Direito e Literatura 7, n.º 2 (30 de diciembre de 2021): 405–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21119/anamps.72.405-426.
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This article addresses one of the many traceable discussions within the polyphonic novel Yo El Supremo, by Augusto Roa Bastos: the intention of the Paraguayan dictator, José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia, to perpetuate himself in power through written language. Does the Perpetual Dictator achieve his goals? Can letters support a dictatorship? In what sense is interpretation a condition of freedom? Why would the Venezuelan Andrés Bello be the perfect antithesis of Doctor Francia?
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Punzo, Maurizio. "Il “salotto” di Anna Kuliscioff e Critica Sociale". Forum Italicum: A Journal of Italian Studies 54, n.º 1 (30 de marzo de 2020): 312–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0014585820912905.
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Studio o salotto che fosse, la stanza come “luogo” nel quale si manifestavano, oltre agli affetti famigliari di Filippo e Anna, l’elaborazione e il dialogo politici della coppia più celebrata del socialismo italiano, Turati e Kuliscioff, merita l’attenzione di storici e critici letterari. Vi passò fior fiore di personaggi che fecero la storia della politica e della cultura di quei decenni, in particolare nell’ambito laico socialista, contribuendo alla formazione di un buon numero di futuri combattenti contro il fascismo. Ricco di citazioni di testimoni di quei decenni, il saggio fornisce al lettore il sapore dell’ambiente colto e progressista, nel quale prendevano forma opzioni culturali e politiche che avrebbero trovato, nel primo dopoguerra, modo di crescere e affermarsi. Sotto questo profilo, di grande efficacia l’incrociarsi, nel salotto di casa Turati in portici Galleria a Milano, di generazioni e correnti di socialismo di ogni tipo, nello spirito di libertà e aperto confronto che lo contraddistingueva. Il “salotto” di Anna Kuliscioff era in realtà più uno studio che un salotto. Il 1° gennaio 1899 la stessa Kuliscioff, libera dopo quattro mesi di detenzione, datava la sua prima lettera da Milano a Turati, ancora detenuto a Pallanza, “da casa del tuo-nostro studio” (Turati e Kuliscioff, 1977: vol. I, 239) ed anche Turati si riferiva a quella stanza soprattutto come al loro studio: “la luce della Camera – scriveva per esempio il 30 novembre 1903 – fa rimpiangere le belle lampade del nostro studio e del nostro tinello” (Turati e Kuliscioff, 1977: vol. II, t. I, 130). In diverse occasioni però definiva “salotto”, senza alcuna ironia, quello stesso ambiente: “Il Bollettino e le inchieste dell’Ufficio del Lavoro sono tutte in salotto, nella libreria che è accanto alla porta della tua camera da letto dal lato della finestra”, il 14 giugno 1910 (Turati e Kuliscioff, 1977: vol. III, t. I, 242–243).
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Hutchison, Jenny. "Ringing Parliament's Bells on Radio National". Media Information Australia 57, n.º 1 (agosto de 1990): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x9005700105.
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How a former academic finds a new niche as a radio producer, lets MPs go to air as they said it in the House and the Senate and copes with weird phone calls, letters and faxes. How a ‘quirky perspective on otherwise obscure things’ has already gained quite an audience, largely built up by word of mouth, for a weekly dose of parliamentary doings. This article describes the initiation and growth of the ABC Radio National program on parliament, Ring the Bells.
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Van Dijk, Suzan. "Belle van Zuylen: schrijfster van adel, over de adel. Haar correspondentie digitaal beschikbaar". Virtus | Journal of Nobility Studies 27 (31 de diciembre de 2020): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/virtus.27.99-114.
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The Dutch-Swiss writer Belle de Zuylen/Isabelle de Charrière (1740-1805) was born in the Dutch noble family Van Tuyll van Serooskerken, but married (in 1771) outside of nobility. As a child she had a Swiss gouvernante, like so many children of the European elites, and in spite of being quite familiar also with the Dutch language, she would continue using French all her life, both for private correspondence and for her literary works. Most of these were published in Switzerland. Indeed, once she had married Charles-Emmanuel de Charrière, former tutor of her brothers, she went to live with him in his family house near Neuchâtel. This is where she started publishing and found recognition with her contemporary readers. In her novels and plays, she tends to confront characters representing different social classes – the reasons of which are often formulated in exchanges of letters with family members or friends who either helped her copying the texts, or were enthusiastic readers. As she wrote to her German translator, in these fictions she could illustrate the potential ‘nobility’ of the ‘so-called lower classes’. This is what she considered ‘her own democracy’.
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ERKOÇ, Seçil. "Paston Mektupları: Paston Kadınlarının Orta Çağ Hanesinde Artan Önemi". Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences 21, n.º 4 (19 de octubre de 2022): 2154–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21547/jss.1104823.
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Yirmi birinci yüzyılın gelişmiş iletişim araçları düşünüldüğünde, Orta Çağ’da kültürel, sosyal ve edebi bir aktivite olarak dönemin değişen dinamiklerine ışık tutan mektup yazımına atfedilen öneme şahit olmak tuhaf bir vazife gibi görülebilir. Beklendiği üzere, Orta Çağ’a özgü mektuplara uygulanan ölçütler bu mektupların modern benzerlerinden oldukça farklıdır, çünkü mektup üslubuna özgü samimiyet ve mahremiyet hissinin aksine, Orta Çağ’da mektuplar birden fazla kişi tarafından okunması muhtemel olan toplumsal bir belge niteliği taşımaktadır. Ayrıca şunu da belirtmek gerekir ki, mektup yazımını tek başına yapılan bir eylem olarak görmeye yatkın genel görüşe karşılık, Orta Çağ’da mektuplar genellikle kâtiplere dikte edildiği ve de yüksek sesle okunduğu için aynı zamanda sözlü geleneğin de birer parçasını oluşturmaktadır. Dahası, yazılı belgelerin daha da önem kazanması ile hemen hemen her varlıklı aile bu dönemde kendi özel arşivlerini tutmaya başlamıştır. Ancak, bu belgelerden sadece bazıları on beşinci yüzyıldan günümüze ulaşmayı başarabilmiştir ve bunlar arasında en çok bilineni Paston mektuplarıdır. Dolayısıyla, bu makalenin amacı öncelikle Paston kadınlarına odaklanarak on beşinci yüzyılda ortak dille yazılan mektupların gelişim sürecini analiz etmek ve aile üyeleri arasındaki bilgi dolaşımını kapsamlı bir şekilde incelemektir. Mektupların çeşitliliği onları yazan kadınların – tarihte yaşamış figürler olarak – günümüzde bizim de hissedebileceğimiz endişe, korku, istek ve umutlarını ifade etmekteki kendilerine has üsluplarından kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu açıdan, Paston ailesindeki kadınların artan otoritesi ve daha görünür hale gelmeleri, pasif ve uysal olarak temsil edilen Orta Çağ kadınları ile ilişkilendirilmiş ideal imgelerin çözülüşünün ilk evresini oluşturmaktadır. Tüm bunlardan hareketle, ideal olanı gerçek olanla değiş tokuş eden Paston kadınlarının mektupları, Orta Çağ kadınlarının kendilerine has bir ses ve mekân bulma çabasını temsil etmektedir.
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Al-Abbood, MHD Noor. "The Irony of the Ballad Form in Keats’s “La Belle Dame sans Merci”". International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 6, n.º 5 (6 de julio de 2017): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.5p.118.
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Although critics commenting on Keats’s “La Belle Dame sans Merci” are divided on whether or not the poem is autobiographical, the genre of the poem as a “ballad” tends to be given short shrift in their critical interpretations, and its role in determining the meaning of the poem is largely left unexplored. Taking into account the fact that a traditional ballad is an impersonal detached mode of poem, and that a lyric is a rather subjective composition displaying the poet’s thoughts and sentiments, one would expect that Keats’s utilization of the formal features of the traditional ballad genre, including a detached, impersonal mode of writing, would rule out lyrical or autobiographical interpretations. However, reading the poem against the grain (of its ballad form), this article argues that Keats’s deployment of the ballad genre conventions does not actually preclude autobiographical interpretations, but, on the contrary, it endorses them. For Keats’s poem is lyrical and personal in nature and his use of the conventions of the traditional ballad form is to deflect the critical attention away from the poem’s autobiographical content. To make this point, this article investigates three illuminating contexts in which to place “La Belle Dame.” To begin with, “La Belle Dame” is a literary ballad that has much in common with Keats’s other poems and letters, whether at the level of poetic themes and personal concerns or at the level of language. However, the most important context to consider the ironic relationship of Keats’s lyrical content to his traditional ballad form is his revision of the poem for its first publication in the Indicator. If Keats’s intention was to reinforce the ballad conventions of the poem, downplay its lyrical implications, and strike a self-conscious pose critical of what he thought was the poem’s excessive sentimentality and easy surrender to wish-fulfilling romance, this very gesture is a confirmation that the poem, at least in its first version, is largely subjective and lyrical. As such, Keats’s seemingly objective ballad mode, later further revised and strengthened, can be regarded as a trick to disguise his true conflicted feelings about his own enthrallment by Fanny Brawn – a trick that ironically reveals as much as it attempts to conceal.
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Martin Zapirain, Itxaso. "Indagando en los Silencios del Franquismo: Carta de una Mujer Ingresada en un Manicomio de Gipuzkoa". Triangle, n.º 17 (5 de agosto de 2020): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17345/triangle17.91-110.
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Breaking the social rol has, almost always, consequences. That is the case of Carole, a woman who has been hospitalized in a psychiatric institution in Gipuzkoa between 1949 and 1950. Carole was Belge and she highlighted explicitly the characteristics of Franco's regime. Based on a letter she wrote during her hospitalization and on her medical report, this article composes an image of the morality and the society in that time in the southern Euskal Herria. Furthermore, through an analysis of an individual case, not only silences and repression will surface but also the resistances.
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Lee, Kyeongwon, Gyudong Yurn, Sujin Lee y Taewoo Kim. "A preliminary study of the multilingual dictionary Gujin Shilin (Kokeum Seklim) of the Joseon Dynasty: Its compilation background, structure, content and value". Journal of Chinese Writing Systems 3, n.º 2 (26 de abril de 2019): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2513850219843193.
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Gujin Shilin 古今释林 is a multilingual dictionary, published in 1789 by Yi Ui-Pong (李义凤). The initial motivation for publishing the book was to supplement the incompleteness of other commentary books on Zhuzi Yulei 朱子语类, including Yi Hwang’s (李滉) Yulujie 语录解. At last, Yi Ui-Pong completed his project as an unabridged encyclopedia of East Asian languages based on more than 1500 Jingshiziji 经史子集 (classics, history, philosophy and collections of belle letters) of China and Korea. The book has been understudied because of its enormous number of entries, its inaccessibility due to the many languages used within, and its lack of readability due to typos and variant letters. Therefore, the goal of the present paper is to analyze the background of the publication of Gujin Shilin, and its structure, content and research value. Gujin Shilin contains vocabulary from Mongolian, Manchu, Japanese, Vietnamese, Thai as well as Korean and Chinese from different historical periods. These can be used as invaluable data for the study of international studies involved in each field, including the phonological changes that the Asian languages have gone through, the interrelation among Asian languages and their mutual influences, the linguistic life, culture and custom shared by the ‘Chinese character cultural sphere’ countries and the study of the variant Chinese characters.
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POTTS, DANIEL THOMAS. "Bīsotūn and the French Enlightenment". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 28, n.º 4 (24 de mayo de 2018): 583–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186318000184.
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AbstractThis study examines a little-known case of Enlightenment knowledge transmission centred on the rock-cut monument of Darius I at Bīsotūn in western Iran. It discusses a report on the monument published by the cartographer and historian Jean-Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville, which originated with the Decalced Carmelite monk Emmanuel de Saint-Albert (born Jean-Claude Ballyet); who transmitted it to Isaac Bellet, a doctor involved in secret negotiations in Constantinople; who in turn sent it to Louis, Duke d'Orléans, in Paris; who passed it on to d'Anville. The collison of scholarly interest, political service and scientific personality offers a fascinating case study of the Enlightenment ‘republic of letters’ in action.
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Arnold, Gabriel y Malika Auvray. "Perceptual Learning: Tactile Letter Recognition Transfers Across Body Surfaces". Multisensory Research 27, n.º 1 (2014): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-00002443.
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Visual-to-tactile sensory substitution devices are designed to assist visually impaired people by converting visual stimuli into tactile stimuli. The important claim has been made that, after training with these devices, the tactile stimuli can be moved from one body surface to another without any decrease in performance. This claim, although recurrent, has never been empirically investigated. Moreover, studies in the field of tactile perceptual learning suggest that performance improvement transfers only to body surfaces that are closely represented in the somatosensory cortex, i.e. adjacent or homologous contralateral body surfaces. These studies have however mainly used discrimination tasks of stimuli varying along only one feature (e.g., orientation of gratings) whereas, in sensory substitution, tactile information consists of more complex stimuli. The present study investigated the extent to which there is a transfer of tactile letter learning. Participants first underwent a baseline session in which the letters were presented on their belly, thigh, and shin. They were subsequently trained on only one of these body surfaces, and then re-tested on all of them, as a post-training session. The results revealed that performance improvement was the same for both the trained and the untrained surfaces. Moreover, this transfer of perceptual learning was equivalent for adjacent and non-adjacent body surfaces, suggesting that tactile learning transfer occurs independently of the distance on the body. A control study consisting of the same baseline and post-training sessions, without training in between, revealed weaker improvement between the two sessions. The obtained results support the claim that training with sensory substitution devices results in a relative independence from the stimulated body surface.
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YOUSEF, MAY. "Clarity and Peaceableness in the Belles-Letters of AI-Sahib Ibn Abbad". Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Arts and Humanities 8, n.º 1 (1995): 191–229. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/art.8-1.7.
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НЕМИРОВСЬКА, Олександра Федорівна. "THE PROPER NAMES OF THE TITLE PERSONAGE AS MEANS OF CREATE OF THE BELLE-LETTER CHRONOTOP". Мова, n.º 27 (28 de julio de 2017): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2307-4558.2017.27.107888.
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Watkin, Thomas Glyn. "A Happy Noise to Hear? Church Bells and the Law of nuisance". Ecclesiastical Law Journal 4, n.º 19 (julio de 1996): 545–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x00002532.
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In the July 1995 number of the Ecclesiastical Law Journal, Mr R. H. Bloor presented an interesting account of recent difficulties encountered by the parish church of St Mary's Belton with regard to the chiming of its church clock. In his article, ‘Clocks, Bells and Cockerels’, he took occasion to consider briefly the law relating to bells as a noise nuisance and usefully brought some unreported cases to the attention of readers of the Journal. He did not however consider one question which is, it is submitted, of peculiar importance to ecclesiastical lawyers, a question raised by the present author in a letter to The Times on 22 October 1994, namely whether the obligation of clerics to ring a bell under ecclesiastical and canon law can be a defence to a complaint of nuisance for the noise caused. Nor did he examine the differences which exist, particularly with regard to defences, depending upon whether the complaint is one of public, private or statutory nuisance. The present paper is therefore offered as a discussion of these points and as a wider review of the authorities relating to them.
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Rabchuk, I. Yu. "APPOSITIVE VOCATIVE: SEMANTIC AND GRAMMATICAL FEATURES AND STYLISTIC FUNCTIONS IN BELLES-LETTERS TEXTS". Тrаnscarpathian Philological Studies 2, n.º 14 (2020): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/tps2663-4880/2020.14-2.14.
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Kim Seong Ryong. "The Literary Philosophical Significance of the Belles Letters in the Late Yi Dynasty". Classical Literature and Education ll, n.º 18 (agosto de 2009): 285–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.17319/cle.2009..18.285.
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Thom, Brian, T. F. McIlwraith, John Barker y Douglas Cole. "At Home with the Bella Coola Indians: T.F. McIlwraith's Field Letters, 1922-4". Anthropologica 46, n.º 1 (2004): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25606184.
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POPESCU-SIMION, FLORENȚA. "When People Write as They Speak: An Analysis of Letters Left on the Miraculous Graves of Bellu Catholic Cemetery". Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 27 (15 de noviembre de 2022): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2022.27.06.
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Starting with the second half of the twentieth century, a number of graves from Bellu Catholic Cemetery in Bucharest became the stage of a ritual. The allegedly miraculous graves achieved fame due to different and, in some cases, random characteristics. Many people (most of them Greek-Orthodox, not Catholics) come to perform this ritual to have their wishes fulfilled. As an important part of the ritual built around these graves, its performers are leaving written notes on them, containing their wishes. The notes are often handwritten on different pieces of paper (notebook pages or even receipts), although they may also be typed on a computer and printed. In rare cases, the performers leave notes written on the back of printed photos. My research consisted in observing the ritual, talking with a small number of people who performed it, and, most importantly, analyzing the notes left by the graves. All the performers I interviewed were women, and most of them (with one exception) strongly disapproved of the practice of leaving notes. Nevertheless, judging by the great number of pieces of paper I found by the “miraculous” graves every time I went to Bellu Catholic Cemetery, this practice seems to be general and deemed to be effective.
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La Charité, Claude. "Les Perroniana, les traductions de Cicéron par Jacques Davy Du Perron et la formation rhétorique de Henri III 1". Tangence, n.º 93 (2 de febrero de 2011): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/045551ar.
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Les Perroniana, ce recueil posthume de bons mots de Jacques Davy Du Perron, permettent de jeter un nouvel éclairage sur la formation oratoire que reçut Henri III à l’Académie du Palais en 1579. Ils montrent, entre autres, à quel point Du Perron était réfractaire aux traits et aux pointes si chers au roi. Estimant qu’il n’y a « rien de si contraire à l’éloquence », Du Perron n’honora sans doute jamais la commande de « mille traits » que lui fit le monarque. Tout indique au contraire qu’il traduisit le premier discours contre Verrès et la première lettre à Quintus comme un antidote au penchant de Henri III pour le trait et comme une matière à imitation destinée à lui faire goûter Cicéron et l’« infinité de belles choses » qu’il recèle.
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Yesbossynov, Е. y J. Suleymenova. "ETHNOLI NGUI STI C CHARACTER OF KAZAKH-TURKI SH PHRASEOLOGI CAL UNI TS". BULLETIN Series of Philological Sciences 75, n.º 1 (12 de abril de 2021): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2021-1.1728-7804.06.
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The use of Turki c languages, i ncludi ng phraseologi cal uni ts i n Kazakh and Turki sh, and thei r reflecti on i n the works of art (belle letters) are presented on the basi s of separate themati c examples. Phraseologi sms and proverbs are provi ded wi th examples i n the context of thei r use i n Turki sh and other Turki c languages, i ncludi ng the background of data analysi s i n Kazakh. Accordi ng to the novel "Katpa Mamed", publi shed i n the 80 - i es of the last century, borrowed stable phrases, onomasti c names and proverbs are i ndi vi dual examples-quotes that tell about the nati onal color, hi stori cal and educati onal are recommended i n pri nci ple. I n thi s context, many vocabulary uni ts i n the Kazakh and Turki sh languages belong to the common Turki c vocabulary characteri zed by the fact that i t i s characteri sti c and hi stori cally has a common cogni ti ve category.
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Yunusov, Marat M. "From the History of the Decipherment of West Semitic Writing: Events and People. 7. Barthélemy the Orientalist: Between Scholarship and High Society. Part II". Письменные памятники Востока 19, n.º 1 (15 de enero de 2022): 108–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.55512/wmo100091.
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In June 1744, Abbot Barthlemy arrived in Paris with many letters of recommendation. One of these letters was given to Claude de Boze, curator of the royal Cabinet des Mdailles. Soon the young abbot was recruited as an assistant to de Boze and began active work in the field of numismatics. A few years later, with the help of patrons and friends, Barthlemy was elected as a member of the Acadmie des inscriptions et belles-lettres, where he made several presentations immediately recognized by the scholarly community. One of them was the first part of the Essai dune Palographie Numismatique, which proposed a new method for its time for attribution and systematization of the most archaic coins in the Mediterranean. However, Barthlemy did not pursue systematic work on the subject being for many years distracted, among other things, by writing his archaeological novel, Voyage du jeune Anacharsis en Grce. This work brought the author worldwide fame and recognition of the general public. At the end of his life, he nevertheless continued to work on his Palographie and was very sorry that he would not have time to finish it. The scholars contemporaries and biographers noted that this delay cost Barthlemy the honorable place of the founder of modern numismatics.
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Newell, Dianne. "At Home with the Bella Coola Indians: T.F. McIlwraith's Field Letters, 1922-4 (review)". Canadian Historical Review 85, n.º 3 (2004): 579–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/can.2004.0124.
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Fromherz, Allen. "A Vertical Sea: North Africa and the Medieval Mediterranean". Review of Middle East Studies 46, n.º 1 (2012): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2151348100003001.
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An extraordinary letter was discovered in a neglected pile of medieval diplomatic correspondence in the Vatican Libraries: a letter from Al-Murtada the Almohad, Muslim Caliph in Marrakech to Pope Innocent IV (1243–1254). The letter, written in finest official calligraphy, proposes an alliance between the Caliph and the Vicar of Christ, the leader of an institution that had called for organized crusades against the Islamic world. While the history of Pope Innocent IV’s contacts with the Muslim rulers of Marrakech remains obscure, the sources indicate that Pope Innocent IV sent envoys south to Marrakech. One of these envoys was Lope d’Ayn. Lope became Bishop of Marrakech, shepherd of a flock of paid Christian mercenaries who were sent to Marrakech by that sometime leader of the reconquista, Ferdinand III of Castile, in a deal he had struck with the Almohads. Although they now had Christians fighting for them and cathedral bells competing with the call to prayer, the Almohads were powerful agitators of jihad against the Christians only decades before. Scholars know only a little about Lope d’Ayn’s story or the historical context of this letter between Caliph Murtada and the Pope. Although very recent research is encouraging, there is a great deal to know about the history of the mercenaries of Marrakech or the interactions between Jews, Muslims and Christians that occurred in early thirteenth century Marrakech. The neglect of Lope d’Ayn and the contacts between the Papacy and the Almohads is only one example of a much wider neglect of North Africa contacts with Europe in the secondary literature in English. While scholarship in English has focused on correspondence, commerce and travel from West to East, between Europe, the Levant and Egypt, there were also important cultural bridges being crossed between North and South, between North Africa and Europe in the Medieval Western Mediterranean.
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Blynova, Iryna. "USE OF STYLISTIC MEANS OF COMIC CATEGORY AT THE LEXICO-SEMANTIC LEVEL: FIGURES OF QUANTITY". Scientific Journal of Polonia University 47, n.º 4 (17 de enero de 2022): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/4701.
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The article deals with the study of linguo-stylistic means of the comic category representation at the lexico-semantic level. Modern English prose is characterized by a specific comic modality, which is a characteristic feature of the author’s individual style. The leading means of the lexico-semantic level, that contribute to the realization of the comic effect in belles-letters texts, have been analyzed. The material of research is the English-language prose works of small forms by the most prominent writers, such as: K. Barry, K. Vonnegut, R. Carver and R. Dahl. The aforementioned authors use hyperbolization, which is introduced by means of similes, indefinite pronouns, nouns formed from numerals (in the process of numeralization), temporal and spatial adverbs, a set of lexical units with negative colouring, adjectives in the superlative degree of comparison, modal verbs in the negative form, emphatic constructions.
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Chan, Wayne S. "Key Enclosed: Examining the Evidence for the Missing Key Letter of the Beale Cipher". Cryptologia 32, n.º 1 (10 de enero de 2008): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01611190701577759.
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Chojnacka, Marta. "Inspiracje filozofią Sartre’a. Review of book Sartre. L’Être et le néant. Nouvelles lectures, ed. Jean-Marc Mouillie, Jean-Philippe Narboux, Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 2015". Analiza i Egzystencja 41 (2018): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/aie.2018.41-06.
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Kamberi, Kamber. "Comparative motives of Ismail Kadare's work". Technium Social Sciences Journal 36 (8 de octubre de 2022): 543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v36i1.7515.
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Ismail Kadare, the most famous writer of today's Albanian literature, is also one of the most famous writers of contemporary literature in general. Therefore, whenever we mention this genius of Albanian belles-letters, first of all our mind goes to his work, its structure, themes, characters, actions and events, words and messages, and of course, the artistic features. Although it is rare to come across in the works of any other author a literary approach that can be compared to the singularity of this author, the meeting points and messages are evident. The artistic singularity is easily discernible, but the more one delves into his creative gallery, the more inevitable it is to enter into the many realms of the imagination to finally come to the conclusion that the upper realms are possessed only by geniuses, just like the sovereign of Albanian letters. The intertwining of the whole corpus of his works, with the way of narration and action, give interesting mosaics that together build the great monumental picture, which can be designed and realized only by the imagination of a writer of a promimence like him. Another motivation to deepen the gaze appears when comparisons are made with the works and characters of other authors of world literature. Comparable to meeting points in words and messages from genius motifs of different times. Geniuses break times.
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Short, Brian. "Conservation, Class and Custom: Lifespace and Conflict in a Nineteenth-century Forest Environment". Rural History 10, n.º 2 (octubre de 1999): 127–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300001758.
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Cannon… is busy now bringing fern from the moor to use as bedding, he has cut it about a mile off up the lane behind Belle Green. It is a rough road to bring it down. I think I will go up next time with the cart and help the children to rake it, it is such a nice crackly fern.At the East Grinstead Petty Sessions in March 1868 Charles, sixth Earl De La Warr brought ten poor men forward charged with oak and beech underwood cutting and trespass. George Edwards the Reeve had discovered six men cutting and tying, another three with handbills but who were not actually cutting at the time, and Abraham Card ‘a woodbuyer, etc.’ loading the wood onto his wagon. Edwards had cautioned the men against cutting: ‘When I got to them I read a paragraph from Mr Hunt's letter [Hussey Hunt, De La Warr's steward, warning against litter cutting]. They laughed and went on cutting. I then gave them all into custody’. It appears that the men were handcuffed and led away. Daniel Heasman, one of the men once again, was convicted and originally imprisoned for 21 days, the other defendants were originally fined 1s. damages, 1s. penalty and costs.
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Propustina, V., G. Stepanov, D. Yurina, N. Varako, M. Kovyazina, S. Vasilyeva y V. Daminov. "The Puzzles Test and the Red Shapes Test as new diagnostic tools for neglect syndrome". European Psychiatry 65, S1 (junio de 2022): S879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2281.
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Introduction Neuropsychological methods for diagnosing neglect syndrome (NS) are focused on identifying the inability of patients to respond to stimuli localized in contralesional space. There are a large number of methods capable of diagnosing spatial neglect, but at the same time having various limitations and restrictions in their use. Objectives To devise and to test universal diagnostic techniques for visuospatial neglect detection. Methods 1) A.R. Luria test battery; Trail Making Test (Part A); the Bells Test; 2) Authors’ methods: the Puzzles Test, the Red Shapes Test. A total of 47 patients after stroke with right hemisphere damage participated in the study and were divided into a target (18 patients with NS) and a control (29 patients without NS) groups. The Puzzles Test consists of three tasks: turning over cards, completing a sentence using cards with letters, completing a picture. The Red Shapes Test consisted in the search for a variable number of geometric shapes. Objective indicators of the study: total task completion time, the number of left omissions. Results The sensitivity of the tests to NS was examined using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Differences in the number of omissions and task completion time between patients with and without spatial neglect were statistically significant regarding all tasks: turning over cards (p=0.01), completing a sentence (p<0.001), completing a picture (p<0.001), finding geometric shapes (p<0.01). Conclusions The Puzzles Test and Red Shapes Test along with the foreign tests (the Bells Test, Trail Making Test) are sufficiently effective methods for spatial neglect detection. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Epp, Roger. "Des armes en temps de paix? La dissuasion nucléaire et la menace soviétique dans le cadre d’analyse de la guerre juste des évêques catholiques américains". Études internationales 19, n.º 1 (12 de abril de 2005): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/702291ar.
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Since the U.S. Catholic bishops gave their "strictly conditioned" moral acceptance of nuclear deterrence in 1983, much has changed on the strategic landscape, most notably with the emergence of numerous space-based and defensive schemes, and it is not clear how a committee struck by the hierarchy to review recent developments will respond. There are reasons to suggest the outcome will not be a complete condemnation of deterrence, whatever judgment is mode of current U.S. policies. It is equally likely that the review will fail, as did the 1983 letter, to provide sufficient justification for what it conditionally accepts. The 1983 letter cannot be construed as "soft" on the Soviet Union. But Us scant account of an expansionist adversary appears only after its moral judgments and prudential alternatives are stated. The letter, argued in a just war framework, cannot find the language to refer to a particular adversary by name or indicate why deterrence is justified on an interim basis. This f allure is ascribed to two factors. First, Catholic teaching increasingly has restricted the scope of jus ad bellum and shifted its emphasis to jus in bello criteria of discrimination and proportionality in judging modem war. Second, within a generation, the U.S. hierarchy has redefined its relationship to its society and become less willing to alter Church teaching to accomodate national purposes, even while affirming in general terms the traditional right and duty of self-defence. Y et insofar as this right remains operative, the bishops' inability to describe what is to be defended, and from what, leaves the reader unclear as to why the U.S. and its allies should possess nuclear weapons even, or only, conditionally.
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Toomer, Gerald J. "A Sidelight on Grotius in Paris". Grotiana 32, n.º 1 (2011): 64–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187607511x564937.
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AbstractThis article consists of an annotated edition and translation of a previously unpublished Latin letter to G. J. Vossius from Christianus Ravius, refuting the accusation made by Johann Seyffert in his pamphlet attacking Grotius, Classicum Belli Sacri adversus Hugonem Grotium Papistam ([Amsterdam], 1642), that Grotius, while representative of the Swedish government in Paris, had advised Ravius to convert to Catholicism. The historical introduction outlines the details of and probable reasons for Seyffert's published attacks on Grotius, Grotius's attitude towards those attacks (as expressed in his correspondence), and the implications for his relationship with the Swedish government and Baron von Degenfeld, commander of the German Protestant mercenary soldiers in the service of the French crown. It also recounts what is known of Ravius's stay in Paris during which he met Grotius, and raises the question why Ravius delayed making a response to Seyffert until well after Grotius was dead.
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Bouabdallah, Safia. "La réception réciproque de la jurisprudence et de la doctrine dans les systèmes belge, français et luxembourgeois". Les Cahiers de droit 60, n.º 1 (10 de abril de 2019): 95–137. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1058567ar.
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Les droits civils belge, français et luxembourgeois partagent d’importantes convergences systémiques. Ces droits ont conservé un code civil hérité de la période napoléonienne, et ce code deux fois centenaire contenait encore de nombreuses dispositions maintenues dans la lettre du Code de 1804. De manière identique dans ces trois systèmes juridiques, une place importante a été laissée à la jurisprudence et à la doctrine pour faire évoluer le sens de la loi civile. Ce constat est le point de départ d’une recherche consacrée à la circulation des formants juridiques. L’auteure propose ainsi d’étudier la question des transferts de droit dans des systèmes romanistes encore classiquement présentés comme légalistes, et ce, pour comprendre la façon dont un système national de tradition civiliste parvient — ou non — à accueillir un élément jurisprudentiel ou doctrinal de droit étranger en vue de l’associer aux réflexions et aux controverses locales, voire de l’intégrer à son droit positif.