Literatura académica sobre el tema "Belief Consonance"

Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros

Elija tipo de fuente:

Consulte las listas temáticas de artículos, libros, tesis, actas de conferencias y otras fuentes académicas sobre el tema "Belief Consonance".

Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.

También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.

Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Belief Consonance"

1

Golman, Russell, George Loewenstein, Karl Ove Moene y Luca Zarri. "The Preference for Belief Consonance". Journal of Economic Perspectives 30, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 2016): 165–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.30.3.165.

Texto completo
Resumen
We consider the determinants and consequences of a source of utility that has received limited attention from economists: people's desire for the beliefs of other people to align with their own. We relate this ‘preference for belief consonance’ to a variety of other constructs that have been explored by economists, including identity, ideology, homophily, and fellow-feeling. We review different possible explanations for why people care about others' beliefs and propose that the preference for belief consonance leads to a range of disparate phenomena, including motivated belief-formation, proselytizing, selective exposure to media, avoidance of conversational minefields, pluralistic ignorance, belief-driven clustering, intergroup belief polarization, and conflict. We also discuss an explanation for why disputes are often so intense between groups whose beliefs are, by external observers' standards, highly similar to one-another.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
2

Balieiro, Mauro C., Manoel Antônio dos Santos, José Ernesto dos Santos y William W. Dressler. "Does perceived stress mediate the effect of cultural consonance on depression?" Transcultural Psychiatry 48, n.º 5 (22 de octubre de 2011): 519–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461511418873.

Texto completo
Resumen
The importance of appraisal in the stress process is unquestioned. Experience in the social environment that impacts outcomes such as depression are thought to have these effects because they are appraised as a threat to the individual and overwhelm the individual's capacity to cope. In terms of the nature of social experience that is associated with depression, several recent studies have examined the impact of cultural consonance. Cultural consonance is the degree to which individuals, in their own beliefs and behaviors, approximate the prototypes for belief and behavior encoded in shared cultural models. Low cultural consonance is associated with more depressive symptoms both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. In this paper we ask the question: does perceived stress mediate the effects of cultural consonance on depression? Data are drawn from a longitudinal study of depressive symptoms in the urban community of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. A sample of 210 individuals was followed for 2 years. Cultural consonance was assessed in four cultural domains, using a mixed-methods research design that integrated techniques of cultural domain analysis with social survey research. Perceived stress was measured with Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale. When cultural consonance was examined separately for each domain, perceived stress partially mediated the impact of cultural consonance in family life and cultural consonance in lifestyle on depressive symptoms. When generalized cultural consonance (combining consonance in all four domains) was examined, there was no evidence of mediation. These results raise questions about how culturally salient experience rises to the level of conscious reflection.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
3

Holland, Edward C. "Religious practice and belief in the Republic of Buryatia: comparing across faiths and national groups". Nationalities Papers 42, n.º 1 (enero de 2014): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2013.853032.

Texto completo
Resumen
Using results from a 2010 survey conducted in the Republic of Buryatia, this paper compares the responses of Russians and Buryats on questions of religious practice and belief, as well as the role of religion and religious organizations in the political sphere of contemporary Russia. Buryats more commonly identify with a religion and more frequently attend religious services in comparison to Russians living in the republic. There is greater consonance between the two groups on the public role of religion, with both Russians and Buryats generally supportive of the recent extension of religious education into schools and the creation of national holidays for all traditional religions, among other issues.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
4

GOREN, PAUL y CHRISTOPHER CHAPP. "Moral Power: How Public Opinion on Culture War Issues Shapes Partisan Predispositions and Religious Orientations". American Political Science Review 111, n.º 1 (febrero de 2017): 110–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055416000435.

Texto completo
Resumen
Party-driven and religion-driven models of opinion change posit that individuals revise their positions on culture war issues to ensure consonance with political and religious predispositions. By contrast, models of issue-driven change propose that public opinion on cultural controversies lead people to revise their partisan and religious orientations. Using data from four panel studies covering the period 1992–2012, we pit the party- and religion-based theories of opinion change against the issue-based model of change. Consistent with the standard view, party and religion constrain culture war opinion. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, but consistent with our novel theory, opinions on culture war issues lead people to revise their partisan affinities and religious orientations. Our results imply that culture war attitudes function as foundational elements in the political and religious belief systems of ordinary citizens that match and sometimes exceed partisan and religious predispositions in terms of motivating power.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
5

Mintrop, Rick, Miguel Ordenes, Erin Coghlan, Laura Pryor y Cristobal Madero. "Teacher Evaluation, Pay for Performance, and Learning Around Instruction: Between Dissonant Incentives and Resonant Procedures". Educational Administration Quarterly 54, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2017): 3–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013161x17696558.

Texto completo
Resumen
Purpose: The study examines why the logic of a performance management system, supported by the federal Teacher Incentive Fund, might be faulty. It does this by exploring the nuances of the interplay between teaching evaluations as formative and summative, the use of procedures, tools, and artifacts obligated by the local Teacher Incentive Fund system, and bonus payments as extrinsic motivators. Research Methods: The study is a qualitative longitudinal study in three public charter schools that were selected as a presumably conducive environment for incentive-driven performance management. Eight rounds of semistructured interviews, 130 interviews, and 65 hours of meeting observations are the data for this study. Findings: In the three charter schools, the adoption period was characterized by consonance, the belief that the performance management system served valued purposes. In midlife, dissonance set in. Performance contingencies attached to both bonus and external evaluations were perceived as disconfirming the values of the schools. Incentives and status competition were largely rebuffed and relegated to the periphery. Once the power of incentives became latent, a period of resonance set in. Administrators and teachers came to interact with the two main artifacts, videos of lessons and the Summative Evaluation of Teaching observation tool, in ways that afforded new learning. Implications for Research and Practice: The study suggests that research insights can be gained when logics of complex performance management systems are disentangled and competing dynamics deliberately studied. Practically speaking, when schools try to maintain a rich collegial culture, incentives may crowd out the use of teaching evaluations for formative learning.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
6

Kozlova, Yana O. "The Easter Short Story Genre as the Result of Spiritual and Moral Strivings of A. P. Chekhov (On the Night before Easter, Student, and Bishop)". Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 20, n.º 2 (2021): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-2-120-127.

Texto completo
Resumen
Purpose. This paper aims to examine the short stories On the Night before Easter, Student and Bishop by A. P. Chekhov, which the author unites into an individual Easter story cycle based on their common spiritual and moral challenges and particular calendar time – the Easter. Results. The landscape in On the Night before Easter is in consonance with thoughts and inner world of the storyteller, novitiate Hieronimus and idling folk. By depicting nature, Chekhov manages to antithesize ‘spiritual’ and ‘fleshly’, ‘true’ and ‘borrowed’ knowledge. Easter motifs and attributes also contribute to this atmosphere. In this short story, Chekhov portrays the Church representatives as common people, which results in powerful emotional feedback from the readers. The main idea of the Easter short story Student – the issue of human memory, belief and time. At Easter the protagonist – Ivan Velikopolskii – has ‘resurrected’, feels a desire to live and enjoy his life. An accidental meeting with two women at the campfire on Great Friday allows him to acknowledge the importance of being involved in someone else’s suffering and uniting with people. In Bishop, one of Chekhov’s ‘top’ works, Easter motifs, attributes and landscape sketches help the writer to reveal the protagonist’s inner world and get through the author’s idea of the value of human life. This story finalizes many motifs and themes typical for Chekhov’s mature works. Conclusion. The works represented in this article are united by common themes, plots and Easter motifs and multiple psychological details embedded in the narration, which depict the inner world of characters. Landscape descriptions correlating with the characters’ spiritual state also play a significant role.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
7

Dubois, Didier y Henri Prade. "Consonant approximations of belief functions". International Journal of Approximate Reasoning 4, n.º 5-6 (septiembre de 1990): 419–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0888-613x(90)90015-t.

Texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
8

DUBOIS, DIDIBR y ARTHUR RAMER. "EXTREMAL PROPERTIES OF BELIEF MEASURES IN THE THEORY OF EVIDENCE". International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 01, n.º 01 (septiembre de 1993): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488593000048.

Texto completo
Resumen
An extension of Shannon entropy to the theory or belief and evidence is analyzed. Expressed as the weighed sum of logarithms of beliefs, it is termed an index of confusion. It is shown to exhibit a pathological behavior when reaching its maximum. The alternative, linear version of this index is shown to behave properly, reaching its extremum for a natural extension of the uniform distribution. Lastly, the consonant case of nested supports of evidence, is studied thoroughly, both in the finite setting, and when the frame of discernment is a real line.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
9

Cuzzolin, Fabio. "$L_{p}$ Consonant Approximations of Belief Functions". IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems 22, n.º 2 (abril de 2014): 420–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tfuzz.2013.2260549.

Texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
10

Giang, Phan H. y Prakash P. Shenoy. "A decision theory for partially consonant belief functions". International Journal of Approximate Reasoning 52, n.º 3 (marzo de 2011): 375–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijar.2010.09.001.

Texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Tesis sobre el tema "Belief Consonance"

1

CORIELE, CHIARA. "Essays on behavioral economics". Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/995359.

Texto completo
Resumen
In the first chapter, analyzing survey data from the 2006-2012 waves of the US Health and Retirement Study, we explore the factors which influence the relationship between objective and subjective measures of individual status with regard to two key domains: health status and social status. The second chapter illustrates a pen and paper experiment run at a primary school in Italy. We study loss aversion and risk attitude among children when they decide for themselves and for others. The third chapter reports a laboratory experiment on Dictator Game, focusing on the potential role of different kinds of “similarity” in affecting giving choices. We investigate whether subjects’ giving choices are affected by information over the allocation of a similar Dictator in terms of demographic characteristics, hobbies and beliefs.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Libros sobre el tema "Belief Consonance"

1

Snow, Nancy E. Adaptive Misbeliefs, Value Trade-Offs, and Epistemic Responsibility. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779681.003.0003.

Texto completo
Resumen
Snow focuses on a class of beliefs that have been called ‘adaptive misbeliefs’—beliefs that are false or ungrounded, but nevertheless helpful for action—and argues that they are not epistemically justified by the greater pragmatic value they accrue for the believer. She then argues that this verdict remains even if the greater value is epistemic value rather than pragmatic value. This work is consonant with earlier work critical of epistemic consequentialism concerning epistemic trade-offs, but adds to it by rendering it plausible that there are actual cases of adaptive misbelief that instantiate such problematic trade-offs. Snow also adds that we should be able to not only judge whether an agent’s belief is justified, but also whether the agent is believing responsibly or irresponsibly. If she’s right about this, then it is a further challenge for the epistemic consequentialist to say something about this sort of epistemic verdict.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
2

Ayers, Michael. Knowing and Seeing. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833567.001.0001.

Texto completo
Resumen
Knowing and Seeing explores the insight behind the distinction of kind between knowledge and belief drawn by most philosophers from Plato to Locke. Judging that S is P (with or without good reason) is distinguished from seeing that S is P (when reasons are unnecessary), having evidence that S is P from its being immediately evident that S is P. After a historical account of the rise and fall of the distinction, a detailed, careful phenomenological analysis of perceptual experience, consonant with recent empirical psychology, suggests that a distinction is indeed needed at the traditional place, on broadly traditional grounds, if not between ‘knowledge’ and ‘belief’ then between what are here called primary and secondary knowledge. Primary knowledge is immediate awareness or grasp of reality or truth, and consciously so. The explanation given of these features is contrasted with McDowell’s conceptualist, rationalistic explanation. Part I ends with the traditional question, approached through an examination of ordinary language, whether knowledge and belief have different objects—for example, do nominalized sentences of the form ‘that S is P’ refer to the same kind of entity after ‘believe’, ‘know’, and ‘see’? Employing the results of Part I, Part II is a sustained critique of sceptical argument and its current ‘methodological’ use in philosophy, in particular by ‘externalists’, ‘fallibilists’, ‘contextualists’, and ‘reliabilists’. The relationship between ascriptions of knowledge and judgements of certainty, probability and fallibility is analysed, and a particular understanding of ‘defeasibility’ is defended. The thesis of ‘disjunctivism’ is assessed.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
3

Ozgur Alhassen, Leyla. Qur'anic Stories. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474483179.001.0001.

Texto completo
Resumen
This book approaches the Qur’ān as a literary, religious and oral text that affects its audience, drawing on narratology, rhetoric and Qur’ānic studies to develop a new methodology to analyze stories that represent some of the variety of Qur’ānic narrative, stories that are repeated and one that is not: Sūrat Yūsuf, SūratĀl ‘Imrān, SūratMaryam, SūratṬaha and Sūratal-Qaṣaṣ. It looks at how Qur’ānic stories function as narrative: how characters and dialogues are portrayed, what themes are repeated, what verbal echoes and conceptual links are present, what structure is established, and what beliefs these narrative choices strengthen. The book argues that in the Qur’ān, some narrative features that are otherwise puzzling can be seen as instances in which God, as the narrator, centers himself while putting the audience in its place, making the act of reading an interaction between God and the readers. This book examines the themes of: knowledge, control, and consonance, while examining the interaction of the text, the audience, characters and the narrator. This book utilizes and analyzes Qur’ānic commentary: classical and modern, Sunnī, Sufi and Shī‘ī, and demonstrates that a narratological and rhetorical approach to the canonized text can contribute new insights to our understanding of the Qur’ān and its worldview.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Belief Consonance"

1

Gillett, Peter R. "Conflict, Consistency and Consonance in Belief Functions: Coherence and Integrity of Belief Systems". En Belief Functions in Business Decisions, 184–221. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-1798-0_7.

Texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
2

Cuzzolin, Fabio. "Consonant Approximations in the Belief Space". En Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, 125–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29461-7_15.

Texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
3

Vannobel, Jean-Marc. "Consonant Continuous Belief Functions Conflicts Calculation". En Computational Intelligence for Knowledge-Based Systems Design, 706–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14049-5_72.

Texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
4

Aregui, Astride y Thierry Denoeux. "Consonant Belief Function Induced by a Confidence Set of Pignistic Probabilities". En Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 344–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75256-1_32.

Texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
5

King, Nicholas B. "Justice, Evidence, and Interdisciplinary Health Inequalities Research". En Understanding Health Inequalities and Justice. University of North Carolina Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469630359.003.0009.

Texto completo
Resumen
This chapter examines the interplay between normative judgments and empirical research. Using a case study of recent work on the social determinants of health, the author argues that three domains that are normally thought of as conceptually and disciplinarily independent—epistemology, scientific methodology, and normative judgment—are in fact closely intertwined. When considering issues related to health inequalities and social justice, keeping these domains separate leads to poor science, poor theorizing, and, ultimately, poor policy choices. The author identifies three problems with the claim that in order to reduce health inequalities and improve population health, we are morally compelled to address the social determinants of health, through interventions that redistribute social or economic resources in a more fair or just manner. The problems are (1) assuming that data are the neutral products of objective scientific investigations; (2) misunderstanding causality and counterfactual reasoning; and (3) blind belief in the consonance of the good.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
6

Ozgur Alhassen, Leyla. "Sūrat al-Qaṣaṣ and its Audience". En Qur'anic Stories, 128–55. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474483179.003.0006.

Texto completo
Resumen
This chapter with an intertextual approach focuses on Sūrat al-Qaṣaṣ, sometimes with a comparison with Mūsā’s story in Sūrat Ṭaha. In Sūrat al-Qaṣaṣ, there are new and sometimes exclusive details added to the story, including explanations of motives for actions. Although there are new details, there are also new mysteries. The first section of this chapter examines the creation of consonance between the text, the narrator, the audience and even characters through the addition of new details. The next section discusses the forging of connections between Qur’ānic verses. Finally, the chapter examines the withholding of knowledge through new mysteries. Here, it also looks at the larger concept of mysteries in the Qur’ān, and terms for them. It argues that through these narrative devices, God the narrator brings the audience closer to the text, the characters and to God, while also humbling the audience and constantly bringing them back to the text. This shows them their dependence on their Creator and on God’s word, the Qur’ān. At the same time, these narrative techniques affirm in the audience the belief that God is omniscient.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
7

Ozgur Alhassen, Leyla. "Conclusion: Reading the Qur’ān as God’s Narrative". En Qur'anic Stories, 156–59. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474483179.003.0007.

Texto completo
Resumen
This chapter summarizes the book’s approach to Qur’ānic stories in Sūrat Āl ‘Imrān, Sūrat Maryam, Sūrat Yūsuf, SūratṬaha and Sūrat al-Qaṣaṣ. It discusses the development of a sustained analysis of the Qur’ān as an intertextual scripture that rewards the audience member who reads and listens carefully, notices echoing words or phrases and then follows them to other parts of the text, compares them with each other and reflects on them. It discusses the book’s analysis focusing on the overarching questions of how the Qur’ānic stories withhold knowledge, create consonance and make connections. The audience learns about the nature of knowledge, one’s proper place in relation to God and God’s message, and how to read the Qur’ān. The text imprints on the audience beliefs about God: God is omniscient and people are not and cannot ever be. People learn what God wills when they turn to God and to the Qur’ān. The narrator of the Qur’ān makes its reading an active process, and we see this through the alternate giving and withholding of information, causing readers to question, ponder and fill in details.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
8

Smith, Christian y Amy Adamczyk. "The New Immigrants and Religious Parenting". En Handing Down the Faith, 117–60. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190093327.003.0006.

Texto completo
Resumen
Immigrant parents often encounter unique challenges in transmitting religious culture and beliefs to their children. Drawing on information from a range of immigrant parents, this chapter seeks to describe the cultures of faith transmission operating among immigrant parents, as they seek to pass on their distinct traditions in ways that are also consonant with their children’s experiences growing up in America. Focusing on four distinct groups of parents—Muslims, Buddhists, Hindus, and Hispanic/Latino Catholics—this chapter addresses how these parents practice their religion in America today and how they perceive and engage with the American mainstream. The chapter illustrates immigrant parents’ unique challenges in transmitting faith to their children and their shared goals to preserve their values and traditions.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
9

Smith, Frederick E. "Exile, Radicalisation and Reconciliation". En Transnational Catholicism in Tudor England, 101–32. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192865991.003.0004.

Texto completo
Resumen
Abstract This chapter uses Henrician and Edwardian émigrés’ changing relationships with their compatriots in England in order to assess the development of their religious beliefs and identities. Using a series of detailed case studies, it traces the development of a growing rift between the émigrés and religious conservatives who were conforming with the Reformation back home—a rift seemingly linked to a hardening understanding in the émigrés’ minds as to what was and was not consonant with Catholic orthodoxy, and a more uncompromising and militant desire to enforce it. Thus, somewhat paradoxically, at the same time as the experience of exile appears to have functioned as a fillip to inter-confessional dialogue and exchange (as discussed in Chapter Two), this chapter suggests that it may also have catalysed a process of intra-confessional radicalisation. After exploring why exile might have had such effects upon these émigrés’ religious identities, the conclusion attempts to explain this paradox.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
10

Wisman, Jon D. "The Dynamics of Religious Legitimation". En The Origins and Dynamics of Inequality, 111–32. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197575949.003.0004.

Texto completo
Resumen
This chapter examines legitimation theory and the ways in which religion has justified inequality throughout most of history. The rise of economic and political inequality generated social attitudes and beliefs that justified it, making it seem proper, natural, and consonant with the mandates of celestial powers. Elites’ ideology presented this inequality as necessary and fair. Because religion also meets psychological and social needs, until modern times, religion played the major ideological role in legitimating inequality, social institutions, and behavior. Inequality and class or other group-based hierarchy can be maintained by either physical force or ideological persuasion. Physical force can be expressed as threat of imprisonment, torture, or death. But physical force generates resentment and expensive policing. Less costly, ideological control is generally expressed through the manipulation of social discourse. Thus, it is most effective for elites to embrace self-serving ideological systems that are convincing to themselves and to those below them.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Belief Consonance"

1

Goubanova, Olga y Simon King. "Predicting consonant duration with Bayesian belief networks". En Interspeech 2005. ISCA: ISCA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2005-607.

Texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
2

Hadrich, Atizez, Mourad Zribi y Afif Masmoudi. "Unsupervised multisensor image segmentation using consonant belief function". En 2014 First International Image Processing, Applications and Systems Conference (IPAS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipas.2014.7043285.

Texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
Ofrecemos descuentos en todos los planes premium para autores cuyas obras están incluidas en selecciones literarias temáticas. ¡Contáctenos para obtener un código promocional único!

Pasar a la bibliografía