Tesis sobre el tema "Batteries à l'état solide"
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Koç, Tuncay. "In search of the best solid electrolyte-layered oxide pair in all-solid-state batteries". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS535.
Texto completoAll-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) that rely on the use of solid electrolytes (SEs) with high ionic conductivity are the holy grail for future battery technology, since it could theoretically enable achieving nearly 70 and 40 % increase in volumetric (Wh/l) and gravimetric (Wh/kg) energy densities, respectively, as well as enhanced safety compared to lithium-ion battery technology. To this end, the last decade has witnessed the development of ASSBs mainly through sulfide-based SEs pertaining to their favorable intrinsic properties. However, such advancements were not straightforward to unlock high-performing practical ASSBs because of complex interfacial decomposition reactions taking place at both negative and positive electrodes, leading to a worsening cycling life. Focusing on the positive electrode, this calls for a better understanding of electrochemical/chemical compatibility of SEs that is sorely needed for real-world applications.This work aims to provide answers regarding the best SE-layered oxide pair in composite cathode for ASSBs. By conducting a systematic study on the effect of nature of SEs in battery performances, we show that Li6PS5Cl performances rival that of Li3InCl6, both outperforming β-Li3PS4 and this, independently of the synthesis route. This is preserved when assembling solid-state cells since Li6PS5Cl pairing with layered oxide cathode shows the best retention upon cycling. This study also unravels that halides react with sulfides in hetero-structured cell design, hence resulting in a rapid capacity decay upon cycling stemming from interfacial decomposition reactions. To eliminate such interfacial degradation process, we suggest a surface engineering strategy that helps to alleviate the surface deterioration, unlocking highly performing ASSBs. Eventually, combined electrochemical, structural and spectroscopic analysis demonstrate that Li3InCl6 cannot withstand at higher oxidation potentials, resulting in decomposition products in contrast to what the theoretical calculations predicted
Saha, Sujoy. "Exploration of ionic conductors and Li-rich sulfides for all-solid-state batteries". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2020SORUS041.pdf.
Texto completoGrowing needs for energy storage applications require continuous improvement of the lithium ion batteries (LIB). The anionic redox chemistry has emerged recently as a new paradigm to design high-energy positive electrodes of LIBs, however with some issues (i.e., voltage hysteresis and fading, sluggish kinetics, etc.) that remained to be solved. In addition, the safety of the LIBs can be improved by designing all-solid-state batteries (ASSB). In this thesis, we first focused on the development of new oxide-based solid electrolytes (SE) for applications in ASSBs. We explored the influence of disorder on the ionic conductivity of SEs and demonstrated how to increase the conductivity by stabilizing disordered high-temperature phases. Furthermore, we designed Li-rich layered sulfide electrodes that undergo anionic sulfur redox, with excellent reversibility. Thus, the newly designed electrode materials show a possible direction to mitigate the issues related to anionic redox. Lastly, we used the Li-rich sulfides as positive electrode in ASSB with sulfide-based SEs that demonstrate excellent cyclability, thereby highlighting the importance of interfacial compatibility in ASSBs
Marchandier, Thomas. "Synthesis, characterization and study of the properties of new exotic lithium ion intercalation compounds". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS276.
Texto completoGlobal warming is one of the major challenges of the 21st century. In order to curb it, a change in our energy mix is necessary. However, most renewable energy sources are intermittent and efficient storage devices must be developed. Li-ion technology is among the most interesting solutions. However, the demand for ever greater energy density requires improvement of these systems. One of the most limiting elements is the positive electrode, which has led to a frantic research in this field over the last 40 years. However, most of the lithium intercalation materials listed in the databases have been explored and ideas are running out. The aim of this thesis is then to explore different ways to synthesize new lithium insertion compounds.Thus, in a first step we are interested in low temperature synthesis routes to obtain original materials. Indeed, most of the traditional syntheses are done at high temperature and lead only to the most stable compounds leaving metastable ones inaccessible. Thus, we have studied a hydrothermal synthesis process of ruthenium oxides which allowed us to obtain several new compounds, some of which present interesting electrochemical and/or magnetic properties. Then we have re-explored the chemistry of lithium sulfides left fallow for many years. We have shown that there are still unexplored compositions in this family that can help to understand complex electrochemical mechanisms observed in oxides. Finally, we have studied in turn the electrochemical properties of oxysulfides and halide compounds. This confirms that great discoveries are still to be made and reminds us of the potential of this insertion chemistry beyond energy storage
Lander, Laura. "Exploration of new sulfate-based cathode materials for lithium ion batteries". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2016PA066330.pdf.
Texto completoLithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become the dominating electrical energy storage technology in the last two decades. However, depending on their applications, LIBs need to fulfill several requirements such as high energy density, low-cost, safety and sustainability. This calls for the development of new electrode materials. Focusing on the cathode side, we embarked on the synthesis of novel sulfate- and fluorosulfate-based polyanionic compounds. During the course of our study, we discovered a monoclinic KFeSO4F polymorph, whose structure was determined via combined X-ray and neutron powder diffraction. We could electrochemically extract K+ and reinsert Li+ into this new polymorphic “FeSO4F” matrix at an average potential of 3.7 V vs. Li+/Li0. We then turned towards fluorine-free materials and synthesized a new orthorhombic Li2Fe(SO4)2 phase, which presents appealing electrochemical properties in terms of working potential (3.73 and 3.85 V vs. Li+/Li0) and cycling stability. In a next step, we tested langbeinite K2Fe2(SO4)3 for its aptitude to intercalate Li+ once K+ is extracted, with however little success. Nevertheless, exploring other langbeinite K2M2(SO4)3 phases (M=3d transition metal), we discovered a new K2Cu2(SO4)3 compound, which crystallizes in an orthorhombic structure distinct from the langbeinite one. Finally, we investigated these compounds not only for their electrochemistry, but we were also able to demonstrate other interesting physical properties, namely magnetic features. Orthorhombic Li2Fe(SO4)2 and monoclinic KFeSO4F both present a long-range antiferromagnetic spin ordering whose symmetry allows a magnetoelectric effect
Louchet, Caroline. "Contribution à l'étude des phases LixNiO2 utilisées comme matériaux d'électrode positive pour batteries lithium-ion : effet de la substitution du magnésium au nickel". Bordeaux 1, 2000. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01187727.
Texto completoLiNiO2 is considered as a promising positive electrode material for lithium-ion batteries. A detailled study was performed on the LixNiO2 system to elucidate structural and textural evolutions which occur for high-deintercalation rate (x ≤ 0. 30). .
Lander, Laura. "Exploration of new sulfate-based cathode materials for lithium ion batteries". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066330/document.
Texto completoLithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become the dominating electrical energy storage technology in the last two decades. However, depending on their applications, LIBs need to fulfill several requirements such as high energy density, low-cost, safety and sustainability. This calls for the development of new electrode materials. Focusing on the cathode side, we embarked on the synthesis of novel sulfate- and fluorosulfate-based polyanionic compounds. During the course of our study, we discovered a monoclinic KFeSO4F polymorph, whose structure was determined via combined X-ray and neutron powder diffraction. We could electrochemically extract K+ and reinsert Li+ into this new polymorphic “FeSO4F” matrix at an average potential of 3.7 V vs. Li+/Li0. We then turned towards fluorine-free materials and synthesized a new orthorhombic Li2Fe(SO4)2 phase, which presents appealing electrochemical properties in terms of working potential (3.73 and 3.85 V vs. Li+/Li0) and cycling stability. In a next step, we tested langbeinite K2Fe2(SO4)3 for its aptitude to intercalate Li+ once K+ is extracted, with however little success. Nevertheless, exploring other langbeinite K2M2(SO4)3 phases (M=3d transition metal), we discovered a new K2Cu2(SO4)3 compound, which crystallizes in an orthorhombic structure distinct from the langbeinite one. Finally, we investigated these compounds not only for their electrochemistry, but we were also able to demonstrate other interesting physical properties, namely magnetic features. Orthorhombic Li2Fe(SO4)2 and monoclinic KFeSO4F both present a long-range antiferromagnetic spin ordering whose symmetry allows a magnetoelectric effect
Castro, Laurent. "Matériaux d’électrode positive à base de phosphates pour accumulateurs Li-ion et phénomènes aux interfaces : apport de la spectroscopie photoélectronique à rayonnement X (XPS)". Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3046/document.
Texto completoThis thesis is focused on the study of LiMPO4 (M = Fe, Mn, Co) materials and on their evolution upon cycling (redox process end electrodes / electrolyte interfaces) in lithium ion cells. It is based on X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analyses coupled with electrochemical tests. During air exposure, a surface oxidation of phosphate LiFePO4 was observed that lead to the formation of surface impurities such as Fe2O3. Concerning electronic structure, the analysis of LiMPO4 (M=Fe, Mn, Co) materials valence spectra allowed for LiFePO4 the visualization of spin down Fe 3d electron which is the first experimental proof of the particular electronic configuration (3d↑)5(3d↓)1 of Fe2+ in this material. This work also allowed a better understanding of the effect of the working temperature as well as the nature of the negative electrode on Li-ion cells ageing mechanisms. For LiFePO4 // Graphite cell, the comparison of spatially distributed solid/electrolyte interfaces showed that ageing mechanisms, characterized by a loss of active lithium, could be associated with a heterogeneity of working of the positive electrode. In addition, the extension of these studies on new promising Li(FeMn)PO4 materials for positive electrode showed that higher working potential of mixed phosphate material compared to LiFePO4 material leads to a higher electrolyte reactivity which consequences were analysed
Cordeiro, Cavalcanti Fabiano. "Caractérisation thermique de produits de l'état liquide à l'état solide". Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0006/these.pdf.
Texto completoThe aim of this work is to propose a new experimental set-up that allows the thermal characterization of an industrial product (water, paraffin and n-hexadecane) undergoing phase change, i. E. Solidification/fusion. The considered properties are the thermal conductivities and heat capacities in the liquid and solid states, the phase change temperature and the latent heat. These properties are identified simultaneously by using Levenberg-Marquardt's method. Transient measurements of temperature at the extremities of the sample are used to solve the parameter estimation problem. A sensitivity coefficient analysis is realized and we use this study to present the optimal methodology of identification
Chapelier, Alhan. "Modifications radioinduites dans les protéines à l'état solide". Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112351.
Texto completoIn this study four proteins were irradiated in the solid state at ambient temperature. Thioredoxine, lysozyme and a-lactalbumine were irradiated in the lyophilised state, human insulin was irradiated in the hexameric crystalline state. For all proteins and whatever the irradiation atmosphere is, irradiation seems to lead to only small changes. For doses lower than 5 kGy, all methods lead to the same conclusion : the percent of degradation is lower than 5 %. Irradiation affect all levels of organisation. As for primary structure, we did not detect any sequence or residue that would be specially sensitive. We have evidences for oxidative degradation pathway, specially on aromatic residues and this conclusion seems general. As for the secondary structure, insulin appears more sensitive than other proteins. Two different kinds of degradation appear, since we get more compact and more released proteins. .
Bowen, Martin. "Transport tunnel polarisé en spin à l'état solide". Paris 11, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003921v5.
Texto completoThis experimental Thesis investigates spin-polarized solid state tunneling between two ferromagnetic layers separated by an ultrathin insulating barrier, with an aim to bridge the gap between theory, which is based on ideal systems, and experiments dominated by junctions with amorphous barriers. The nearly total tunneling spin polarization of La(0. 7)Sr(0. 3)MnO3, when integrated into partially or fully epitaxial magnetic tunnel junctions, offers insight into the relationship between an insulating material's electronic structure and tunneling magnetotransport. In addition to transport experiments through epitaxial SrTiO3, Ce(0. 69)La(0. 31)O(l. 845), TiO2, MgO, and amorphous Al2O3, barriers, we have performed XMCD experiments on Al2O3 and MgO barriers to probe the theoretical underpinnings of our transport results. The half-metallic nature of La(0. 7)Sr(0. 3)MnO3 is then utilized in La(0. 7)Sr(0. 3)MnO3/SrTiO3/La(0. 7)Sr(0. 3)MnO3 and La(0. 7)Sr(0. 3)MnO3/SrTiO3/Co junctions to quantitatively confirm the spectroscopic nature of spin-dependent solid state tunneling between ferromagnetic electrodes. These bias-dependent studies underscore the influence of interfacial spin wave generation on the ferromagnetic order of the manganate/insulator interface near its Curie point. Finally, we utilize electromigration to modify both the density of states and the potential profile of the interfaces. We show how harnessing this effect may lead to a device with bistable magnetotransport properties; and we examine within the Fowler-Nordheim tunneling regime the incidence of such junction modifications on the formation of quantized energy states within the barrier, and the evolution of interlayer exchange coupling between the ferromagnetic electrodes
Caron, Vincent. "Mécanosynthèse et vitrification à l'état solide d'alliages moléculaires". Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Caron.pdf.
Texto completoHarfouche, Lina. "Criblage de l'état solide chiral et diagrammes de phases". Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR007.
Texto completoMany active pharmaceutical ingredients are chiral compounds. The two enantiomers of the corresponding molecules exhibit identical chemical and physical properties, but the desired biological activity is often provided by only one enantiomer. The strict regulations forced the pharmaceutical industry to develop new ways to produce pure enantiomers. Among separation methods, Preferential Crystallization (PC), is a technique with relatively high productivity and low cost. It consists of the out-of-equilibrium alternative crystallization of both enantiomers. It is thought that the application of PC is only possible when the enantiomers crystallize as a conglomerate, i.e. a physical mixture of homochiral particles. Yet, only ca 5-10% of the racemic species crystallize as a conglomerate, which strongly limits the applicability of PC. The work investigates how to perform PC in the remaining 90-95% of cases, for enantiomers crystallizing as racemic compounds, i.e. a 1:1 stoichiometric compound made with both enantiomers. Following an adequate screening procedure based on physico chemical and molecular considerations, one racemic chiral molecule was selected as model compound, namely “proxyphylline” (PXL). After the construction of the binary phase diagram between the enantiomer of PXL reveals a rich polymorphism (double polymorphism for enantiomer and racemic), PXL has been resolved by two approaches: (a) via an unforeseen metastable conglomerate, by inhibiting the spontaneous crystallization and growth of the undesired forms and by achieving a wide metastable zone width due to the selection of a suitable solvent. The obtained results extend the applicability of PC to the racemic forming system with specific thermodynamic (melting temperature) and kinetic (wide metastability) characteristics. (b) via a stable monohydrated conglomerate prepared by cocrystallization with salicylic acid. It was resolved by PC from a water/ethanol mixture with high productivity. This may be the first report of PC applied to such a cocrystal system
Nguyen, Trong Giang. "Modélisation du comportement rhéologique d'alliages à l'état semi-solide". Grenoble INPG, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPG0122.
Texto completoWaysek, Edward H. "Caractérisation de caroténoi͏̈des à l'état solide dans des matrices organiques". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13111.
Texto completoHu, Bingwen. "Manipulations des interactions dipole-dipole en RMN de l'état solide". Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10062/document.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the recoupling and decoupling of dipolar homonuclear and heteronuclear interactions in solid-state NMR.First, two kinds of techniques for establishing the through-space correlations between quadrupolar nuclei and spin 1/2 nuclei are presented. One is MPCP (Multiple-pulse Cross-Polarization) recoupling sequence and the other one is D-HMQC (Dipolar assisted- Heteronuclear Multiple Quantum Coherence) sequence. We evaluate different kinds of dipolar recoupling techniques such as SFAM, SR41², that are used in our D-HMQC. Second, we propose a new 1H homonuclear dipolar decoupling technique labeled SAM (Smooth Amplitude Modulation). This method that is a symmetry-based sequences, works mainly at fast or ultra-fast Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) rates (vR > 25 kHz) and is complementary to previous methods, such as DUMBO, FSLG/PMLG. Third, a novel symmetry-based homonuclear recoupling method (SPIP) that excites double-quantum (DQ) coherences between spin-1/2 nuclei, such as 1H, is presented. Compared to previous 1H DQ-recoupling techniques, this pulse sequence requires moderate rf field, even at ultra-fast MAS speed. Furthermore, it displays higher robustness to both chemical shift anisotropy and spreads in resonance frequencies.Fourth, a new processing scheme, called covariance, is employed in solid state NMR to produce homo-nuclear correlation (HOMCOR) 2D spectra. It can accommodate signal truncation much better than the usual 2D-FT data treatment, without any previous knowledge of the positions and line-widths of the resonances. Besides, covariance methods can be applied to HETCOR NMR data to generate two HOMCOR indirect-covariance spectra
Amharar, Youness. "De l'origine moléculaire de la discrimination chirale à l'état solide". Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUES014.
Texto completoThis manuscript is devoted to the study of the molecular origins of chiral discrimination in the solid state. Several angles of this topic have been treated: The first part of this work deals with the study of chiral discrimination during the crystallization of host-guest supramolecular complexes formed between permethylated β-cyclodextrin and the enantiomers of 1-(p-fluorophényl)ethanol. The detailed analysis of this system revealed unusual stoichiometries and remarkable features. The combination of structural analysis, physical characterization of solid phases and molecular modeling has conducted to an original mechanism of chiral recognition based on two contributions: a molecular inclusion and a lattice inclusion. The second part of this work relates the study of the dehydration of the original racemic monohydrate of 5-methyl-5-(4’-ethylphenyl)hydantoin (18H). The mechanisms of the different transformations as well as the relationships between homo- and heterochiral phases could be established from structural data and form the physical behavior of solid phases. The major role played by residual water molecules during the dehydration and the impact of the molecular mobility on the spontaneous resolution could be highlighted. Finally, a methodology was developed and exemplified with the study of the binary system formed between the enantiomers of Diprophylline
Chable, Johann. "Électrolytes solides fluorés pour batteries tout solide à ions F-". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0276/document.
Texto completoThis work deals with the synthesis, shaping and characterization of RE1-xMxF3-x (RE = La, Sm, Ce et M = Ba, Ca, Sr) tysonite-type solid solutions. In a first part, onemeticulous approach has been set up for La1-xBaxF3-x solid solution, chosen as a reference.The solid-state synthesis of these materials led to a better knowledge of their chemicalcomposition (Vegard’s laws) and of the structure-ionic mobility correlations. The impact ofthe sintering process on the ionic conductivity is also highlighted. In a second part, the effectsof the nanostructuration conducted by ball-milling of the microcrystalline samples areevaluated. The use of the Design of Experiments methodology led to identify the optimummilling conditions. It appears that the synthesis of electrolytes can be sped- and scaled-up,while keeping high ionic conductivity properties. At last, this approach is applied on othertysonite-type solid solutions, to look for the best electrolyte. The Ce/Sr and Sm/Casubstitutions generate very promising ionic conductors but not really (electro)chemicallystable compounds. A compromise has been found with the choice of the La1-xSrxF3-x solidsolution as the FIB electrolyte for the electrochemical performances tests, regarding its higherchemical stability
Cluzeau, Benoît. "Développement de batteries lithium-ion « Tout solide » pour véhicules électriques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PAUU3071.
Texto completoImprovements in the performances of Li-ion batteries in the past two decades, has enabled the introduction of many electric cars on the market. However, demands regarding the safety, autonomy, and fast charging require the development of new and more efficient technologies.It was in this context that the RAISE 2024 project, in which this thesis is part of, was founded. This collaboration between ARKEMA, SAFT and the University of Pau and Adour Countries aims to develop a lithium ion battery with a solid electrolyte. The development of such a system has a double objective: the reinforcement of safety during operation, and the use of new electrode materials with higher capacity such as metallic lithium.To achieve this objective, two electrolytes were studied in this thesis. The first consists of a gelled electrolyte obtained by crosslinking of a polymer matrix. It provides good performance in terms of ionic conductivity at room temperature (10-3 S/cm). More than 700 cycles were achieved with this electrolyte in a battery cell before reaching 80% of initial capacity. The impact of polymer matrix on performance was studied through a series of electrochemical tests and surface analysis (XPS). Finally, safety tests (nail penetration) carried out on cells filled with this electrolyte show a significant reduction of energy released.Finally, a second ionic conductor was studied. It comes in the form of a polymer membrane, plasticized with an ionic liquid and a solvent. This membrane exhibits ionic conductivity above 10-4 S/cm at room temperature. Coupled with a gel electrolyte in electrodes to improve interfacial contact, the membrane shows a high resistance to lithium dendrites. A cell using this electrolyte and composed of NMC 811 as positive electrode and lithium metal as negative electrode performed 200 cycles at a rate of C/5, D/2 before losing 20% of its initial capacity
Vuillaume, Pascal. "Comportement thermique et structural à l'état solide de polyamphiphiles en peigne". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0016/NQ54034.pdf.
Texto completoBouhki, Mohamed. "Amorphisation par réaction à l'état solide dans les multicouches NI/TI". Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10005.
Texto completoBelamri, Bachir. "Structures et réactivité à l'état solide de composés éther couronne-phénol". Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10161.
Texto completoCamus, Lydie. "Caractérisation par résonance magnétique nucléaire à l'état solide de silices hybrides". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066415.
Texto completoBoukadir, Saïd. "Caractérisation par résonance magnétique nucléaire des noyaux quadrupolaires à l'état solide". Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10100.
Texto completoGantillon, Barbara. "Préparation du poly(éthylène téréphtalate) à l'état solide en milieu dispersé". Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10272.
Texto completoDelville, Jérôme. "Films d'amidon photoréticulé à l'état solide. Etudes des relations stucture-propriétés". Reims, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REIMS009.
Texto completoDemol, Franck. "Etude en solution et à l'état solide d'un pseudo-fullerène réduit". Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-283.pdf.
Texto completoHaxaire, Katia. "Conformation du hyaluronane et interactions en solution et à l'état solide". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10156.
Texto completoTsutsumi, Kazuo. "Energie de surface et distribution en énergie des sites superficiels de solides minéraux". Mulhouse, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MULH0007.
Texto completoDeplancke, Tiana. "Approche des mécanismes de frittage du UHMWPE : étude du comportement mécanique à l'état solide et à l'état fondu". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01018639.
Texto completoSTELLMACHER, MAX. "Propriétés physiques des matériaux III - V A non stoechiométrie controlée". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EPXX0045.
Texto completoQuemin, Elisa. "Exploring solid-solid interfaces in Li6PS5Cl-based cathode composites for all solid state batteries". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS501.
Texto completoWhile Lithium-ion batteries dominate portable devices, growing safety and energy density demands in electric vehicle batteries have led to the exploration of "beyond Li-ion" technology. All-Solid-State Batteries (ASSBs) have emerged as a promising alternative to Li-ion batteries. Thus, this doctoral research focuses on overcoming challenges hindering the practical implementation of ASSBs, with a specific emphasis on cathode composites. The investigation revolves around a common composite comprising Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte (SE) and NMC active material (AM). The research unveils the degradation mechanisms within ASSBs, governed by SE/Carbon additive and SE/AM interfaces. It is observed that capacity deterioration, occurring below 3.6 V vs. Li-In/In, is primarily attributed to SE/Carbon interfaces. Conversely, elevating the voltage to 3.9 V shifts the primary degradation source to SE/AM interfaces. Then, the adverse effects of carbon additives on the ionic conduction of composites are demonstrated, particularly when exceeding 2 wt. % VGCF. Moreover, the study delves into the electronic conductivity of carbon-free composites using innovative in situ monitoring. This reveals Li-induced alterations hindering electronic conductivity, especially at high charge levels, notably in high Ni-content NMC. Furthermore, the influence of particle size and morphology on electronic percolation is extensively examined, advocating for minimal VGCF to enhance kinetics and stability. Strategies for effectively incorporating carbon additives while mitigating long-term capacity loss are explored, encompassing assembly pressure, loading, formation cycles, temperature, and carbonate coating. By mixing these optimal conditions, an enhanced cathode composite is introduced, holding promising potential for the progression of All-Solid-State Battery technology
Boulahbak, Mustapha. "Etude de la transférabilité des pseudopotentiels de l'état solide à l'état liquide : application au calcul de la structure des métaux liquides". Metz, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1996/Boilahbak.Mustapha.SMZ9650.pdf.
Texto completoPseudopotentials were originally introduced to simplify electronic structure calculations by eliminating the need to include the atomic core states and the strong potentials responsible for binding them. These potentials were then screened using a linear dielectric function method via local-field correction, G(q). In this work, we study the structure and thermodynamical properties of liquid metals by means of integral equation theory as well as molecular dynamics. It is developed around two main ideas. In the first part, we examine the extend to which the first principles pseudopotenitals can be transferred successfully from the solid state to other environments. We used both Bachelet et al. (BHS) and Fiolhais' model potentials. The latter appears to describe correctly the structure as well as the thermodynamical properties of each alkali metal. We clearly point out that the BHS's pseudopotential is not transferable except for Na. The second idea is a study of the effet of exchange and correlation in the theory of simple metals. It appears that the alkali, with one valence electron per atom, have relatively high rs valus. For this reason, the structure is quite insensitive to the form of G (q) while the thermodynamic quantities depend on it. On the contrary, for polyvalent metals, with small rs values, G (q) has a great influence already on the structure factor
Maury, Gisèle de. "Comportement thermique de quelques stéroïdes et de leur interaction à l'état solide". Montpellier 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON13506.
Texto completoChandrappa, Ravi Kumar. "Caractérisation de formulations pharmaceutiques par RMN de l'état solide : polymorphisme et déformulation". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS0058.
Texto completoThis thesis reports on the use of solid-state NMR in the quality control of pharmaceutical formulations. Polymorphism structural studies were done on two active principle components of pharmaceutical drugs, Xaliproden and Irbesartan. A process of deformulation is proposed and validated, aiming at controlling drug quality and detecting counterfeits. The effects of processing on the stability of the drugs and the individual ingredients are followed and described by use of high-resolution NMR techniques. Finally, the quantitative aspects of the NMR measurements by 13C CPMAS techniques are investigated. Common techniques are evaluated for 13C enriched or naturally abundant samples, and another method is proposed in view of these applications
Loué, Willem Richard. "Evolution microstructurale et comportement rhéologique d'alliages Al-Si à l'état semi-solide". Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPG0115.
Texto completoGrillon, Nathanaël. "Etude de la fiabilité de microbatteries à l'état tout solide au lithium". Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR4022.
Texto completoTo meet the requirements of microelectronic devices miniaturization, innovative energy storage systems are emerging and are able to cross the large scale industrialization phase. The goal of this thesis is to achieve a comprehensive reliability study of LiCoO2 based microbatteries developed by an « all-solid » approach. From the performance analysis of the operating system, aging of the microbatteries was characterized in storage and electrochemical cycling modes. Through an adapted exponential function from the Weibull failure probability law, the aging of the microbatteries has been modeled. Finally, a mathematical tool dedicated to the lifetime prediction of the devices in application has been developed. Otherwise, with the help of the electrochemical characterization of the different layers and interfaces of the system and a reading methodology of galvanostatic discharge curves, the main failure source has been identified. The convergence of results made it possible to highlight the leading role of the LiCoO2 positive electrode on the mechanisms leading to aging of the microbatteries. Thenceforth, a failure scenario and reliability performance improvement opportunities have been proposed
Burel, Antoine. "Discrimination à l'état solide durant la cristallisation : application à l'ultrapurification du phénanthréne". Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR102/document.
Texto completoCrystallization is a process during which molecules self assembly from a disordered (liquid, amorphous or gaseous) phase. The miscibility in the solid state between a component of interest and its impurity depends on: (i) their molecular structures, (ii) the crystal structure of the host lattice (namely, that of the component of interest). When no solid solution exists, the impurity can be completely eliminated from the target product after optimization of the crystallization conditions.The present thesis intends to demonstrate that, when two compounds present similar molecular structures with low-density crystal structures, solid solution formation can occur which prevents from their complete separation. Conversely, in case of sufcient dissimilarity, no solid solution is stable and their separation is possible thanks to a large discrimination in the solid state. The phenanthrene system – a model compound used as base for the synthesis of morphine derivatives – was chosen to illustrate this thesis. Several crystallization methods (zone melting, co-crystallization, solvent assisted crystallization and sublimation-condensation) were investigated and permitted, after optimization and combination, to obtain 99.999(9) mole % purity phenanthrene (which is above the ultrapure grade of 99.9 mole %)
Martin, Christophe. "Rhéologie et structure d'un alliage modèle Sn-Pb à l'état semi-solide". Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0128.
Texto completoHanouneh, Ahmad. "Synthèse asymétrique d'amines en phase solide". Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20211.
Texto completoCappella, Andrea. "Caractérisation thermique à haute température de couches minces pour mémoires à changement de phase depuis l'état solide jusqu'à l'état liquide". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14500/document.
Texto completoThis thesis is devoted to the thermal characterization of molten materials, namely chalcogenide glass-type tellurium alloys, at the micrometer scale. An experimental setup of Photothermal Radiometry (PTR), formerly developed for solid state measurements, has been adapted for this purpose. Using MOCVD technique, a random lattice of sub-micrometric tellurium alloy structures is grown on a thermally oxidized silicon substrate. These structures are then embedded in a protective layer (silica or alumina) to prevent evaporation during melting. Measurements are then performed from room temperature up to 650°C. SEM and XRD measurements performed after annealing show that these samples withstand thermal stress only up to 300°C. The coating’s thermal boundary resistance is estimated by a heat transfer model based on the thermal impedance formalism. Moreover, the thermal conductivity and thermal boundary resistance of thin amorphous alumina by low temperature ALD are measured from the room temperature to 600°C
Charmont, Patrick. "Contributions à l'amélioration de la résolution en résonance magnétique nucléaire à l'état solide". Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENSL0187.
Texto completoRabbani-Haghighi, Hadi. "Nouveaux matériaux et architectures de dispositifs pour les lasers organiques à l'état solide". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00643467.
Texto completoHoang, Ha. "Modélisation numérique de la plasticité des transformations de phase diffusives à l'état solide". Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ISAM0019.
Texto completoDuring the solid-solid phase transformation of a steel, the interaction between new phase and parent phase, each having its own properties, leads to accommodation stresses in the vicinity of the interface between phases. Dislocations are thus produced in the parent phase, the one which has the lowest yield stress. If an external loading stress -even small- is exerted during the transformation, dislocations result to a permanent strain at the macroscopic scale, in the direction of the load. This strain is called transformation plasticity or TRIP (TRansformation Induced Plasticity); only dedicated models can predict it. This plasticity may also be observed without any external load during the transformation, if the austenitic phase as been pre-hardened just before the transformation. In this latter case, current transformation plasticity models do not always provide correct predictions as compared to experimental observations. A numerical modelling of the mechanical consequences of diffusive transformations is proposed in this work. It is meant to identify the mechanisms which are responsible for the plasticity induced by such transformations for all cases of loading. The finite elements method is used to solve the problem of the mechanical interaction between phases at any instant of the transformation. This gives access to a local description of the stress and strain fields due to this interaction. In a first approach of the modelling inspired from most current transformation plasticity models, a single growing particle interacting with its mother phase is considered. This allows to analyse the hypothesis on mechanical fields according to which analytical formulations of transformation plasticity can be obtained. This approach has then been extended to the case of a homogeneous medium in which nuclei appear randomly in time and space, with prescribed distribution laws. With this improved approach, the importance of the spatial density of nuclei and of the rate of nucleation on TRIP predictions could be evidenced. Besides, this approach provides the basis of a modelling of diffusive transformation in a crystalline heterogeneous material, where the effective properties are determined by ensemble averaging over multicrystals. With both approaches, a correct qualitative agreement with experimental measures could be obtained, in the classical case of constant load during the transformation as well as concerning the consequences of a pre-hardening
Bavoux, Claude. "Organisation cristalline et réactivité à l'état solide d'ensemble moléculaires organiques : application aux dichlorophénols". Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO19010.
Texto completoAli-Sahraoui, Ferhat. "Étude physico-chimique de réactions de transfert de charge dans l'état solide organique". Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE4317.
Texto completoLourdin, Pierre. "Les liaisons Ni-Al2O3 à l'état solide : élaboration des contraintes thermiques, comportement mécanique". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECDL0031.
Texto completoJardin, Christophe. "Edifices carbonés et borocarbonés en chimie moléculaire et de l'état solide : étude théorique". Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10122.
Texto completoGenix, Anne-Caroline. "Dynamique locale et transitions à l'état solide des poly(di-n-alkylitaconate)s". Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066131.
Texto completoFontaine, Bruno. "Structure électronique de clusters de métaux de transition de composés de l'état solide". Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S135.
Texto completoColin, Christophe. "Liaisons céramiques/métal à l'état solide par pressage uniaxial et par pressage isostatique". Paris, ENMP, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ENMP0001.
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