Tesis sobre el tema "Bâtiments passifs"
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Geros, Vassilios. "Ventilation nocturne : contribution a la réponse thermique des bâtiments". Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0030.
Texto completoThe efficiency of ventilation techniques is strongly related to the local climatic conditions, the building’s structural characteristics and the adopted strategy in each application of the technique. To investigate these applications and to examine thoroughly the degree of efficiency of night ventilation under real conditions, this study analyses and evaluates the results of a series of experiments that have been performed in full scale buildings. Experimental and theoretical studies have been performed to determine the impact of night ventilation on thermal behavior of various types of buildings and to evaluate, in a way, the application limits of this technique. Furthermore, night ventilation efficiency has been examined under different climatic circumstances and architectural structures in order to determine the influence of different parameters on the technique. Another objective that was met in this work was to analyze the urban micro-climate and to study how urban environment affects the performance of night ventilation. At the end of this work, a simplified method, which is used to determine the overall efficiency of night ventilation, has been validated, by simulating the experimental buildings, in order to examine the accuracy of this category of methods. The obtained results contribute to the overall understanding of the uses and/or limitations of night ventilation techniques, when applied in buildings
Toesca, Adrien. "Evaluer les performances des bâtiments urbains passifs face aux canicules à venir". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO10054.
Texto completoIn the context of global warming, extreme weather events such as heatwaves will be longer, more frequent and more intense. These heatwaves are amplified in cities by the urban heat island phenomenon and are likely to affect a majority of the world's population since more than half of the world's people live in urban areas, with an increase in recent decades. Furthermore, residential buildings in Europe are currently very poorly equipped with air conditioning systems and the social benefits of increasing the penetration rate of air conditioning systems are questionable. A majority of people are therefore likely to be vulnerable to future heat waves. This observation reveals the need to address the following problem: how to assess the performance of passive urban residential buildings during the heatwaves expected in the coming decades? This thesis consisted in defining the different elements of an evaluation protocol to answer this problem. First of all, relevant simulation tools were defined. These tools were compared with in-situ measurements carried out in Lyon during the summer of 2020. The comparison reveals that the tools accurately model the indoor thermal environments of passive urban residential buildings. A methodology was then developed to create heatwave meteorological data sets that are representative of the diversity of heatwaves that buildings could experience in the coming decades. Bibliographic research was carried out to identify relevant indicators for assessing the sensation of heat in the indoor environment of buildings. Finally, the evaluation protocol was tested for 4 case studies located in the city of Lyon. The results show that building performances are varied with respect to the diversity of future heatwaves. Some heatwaves are problematic as they lead to extreme thermal sensations inside the buildings. For other heatwaves, the buildings tested are still able to provide healthy indoor environments
Berthou, Yannick. "Étude de parois de bâtiments passifs associant un Matériau à Changement de Phase (MCP) et une super isolation transparents". Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0109.
Texto completoTo reduce the environmental impact of buildings, it is a priority to develop new strategies concerning the insulation and the exploitation of the renewable energies. Xithin this context appeared the odea to design, to implement an to study a new generation of semi-transparent solar wall associating a super-insulating layer (silica aerogel) and a layer of a material ermitting the absorption, the storage and the restituion of heat (Phase Change Material). This wall was experimentally characterized in controlled atmosphere and in situ on a full-size building. Its qualities in terms of heat insulation and contribution to the energy balance and daylight were revealed. A limit of use pCM-aerogel wall was noticed in summer and on a part of the inter seasons. The PCM aerogel wallwas developed and validated. This model, coupled withTRNSYS, a software for the dynamic simulation of thermal systems, allowed to study the behavior of the wall for four cliamtesand two types of building (a residential building : an "Incas" house of the ines at Chambéry, and a building in free evolution : the experimental test cell of the CEP at Sophia Antipolis. These studies confirmed the interest of he MCP-aerogel wall for the improvement of the energy performances of the building
Patin, Mathieu. "Étude des technologies de l'hydrogène-énergie appliquées aux bâtiments à faible impact carbone". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCD038.
Texto completoBuildings are one of the world's most energy-intensive sectors. Photovoltaic energy is widely used to generate low-carbon power for residential buildings. However, the time lag between photovoltaic production and housing demand leads to periods of overproduction. The present work seeks to estimate the potential of hydrogen systems to capture this surplus energy.To this end, a model capable of modeling consistent, continuous and varied electrical, thermal and photovoltaic load profiles is implemented, parameterized and improved. Based on this model, loads are generated for current and low-carbon (passive) housing. This program is coupled with a multi-energy system model capable of simulating the energetic and dynamic behavior of these components for several scales, architects and uses of hydrogen. The energy, economic and environmental (through life-cycle emissions) performances resulting from the modeling are used in an optimization to study the performance of each case study and the sizing trends of the multi-energies system.In our study, the results show that performance varies according to the criteria observed, the architecture studied and the energy mix of the network to which it is connected. When it comes to using the hydrogen produced to supply electricity and heat (power-to-power), the system stands out for the renewable energy it provides, but is not competitive in terms of cost and emissions with the French electricity grid. However, in terms of life-cycle emissions, the system is viable for most European energy mixes. For the production of hydrogen for sale (power-to-gas), the hydrogen produced is not economically competitive without financial support. However, in terms of life-cycle emissions, production can compete with various uses (transport, industry, etc.). Finally, when used as an energy source for heating, hydrogen needs to be highly decarbonized to compete with heat pumps
Basecq, Vincent. "Développement d’un mur capteur-stockeur solaire pour le chauffage des bâtiments à très basse consommation d’énergie". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROS013/document.
Texto completoUse of renewable energy is a necessary way to fight global warming and to anticipate scarcity of raw materials. The solar/storage wall used in buildings with lower energy consumption meets this evolution to renewable energy sources. In this thesis, solar energy is stored in a phase charge material (PCM), which provides latent storage. The latent storage is higher than sensible storage in usual building materials. This energy is restored to indoor air, by circulation and heating of inlet air through the wall storage element. In this thesis work, the solar storage wall was developed, based on previous published works dealing with similar systems. An experiment has been carried out with the solar storage integrated in a small wood building with a high insulation. The solar energy recovered by the wall reaches 2 kWh.m-2.day-1 and 1,5 kWh.day-1 was restored to air. In a second experiment, a prototype was developed to be used in controlled laboratory conditions. Special attention was given to PCM temperature measures to analyze the PCM thermal behavior. Two phenomena were observed: (i) liquid phase recovering solid phase, (ii) temperature homogenization in liquid phase. The PCM thermal behavior depends on interactions between three energetic flows: the charge flow (solar energy recovered), the restored flow (energy restored to the inlet air) and a vertical flow created by the liquid phase recovering. Furthermore, a numerical dynamic model for the solar storage wall was developed. It is based on a finite volume approach. This model simulates: (i) the ground effect in a solar wall, (ii) the thermal energy storage and phase changes, and (iii) heat recovery energy to air inlet. Numerical results were compared to experimental values. The model was validated for air temperature for daily cycle defined with a charge period (during sunning) and a continue air heating. The difference between numerical values and experimental values are lower than 0.6°C in mean temperature, and 10% in energy. This difference is lower than measurement uncertainties and energy calculation error margins. So the model is valeted and can be coupled with the dynamic thermal simulation code: TRNSYS
Lapisa, Remon. "Étude du rafraîchissement passif de bâtiments commerciaux ou industriels". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROS031/document.
Texto completoCommercial and industrial buildings represent a significant part of total energy demand. The objective of this thesis is to study the thermal behavior and airflows of commercial or industrial buildings (low-rise and large volume) by numerical simulations, to improve their thermal performance in order to reduce their energy consumption while maintaining thermal comfort of the occupants. The first part of this study consists in identifying and evaluating the keys factors that affect the energy demand and thermal comfort of these buildings. Using the developed models (multizone and zonal), we present the impact of the most important parameters (building orientation, thermal insulation, radiative properties of the roof, soil, internal thermal inertia, air diffusion…) on energy consumption and thermal comfort. We have identified here that the main influencing parameters can be found in the design of the roof and the ground floor considering the energy performance of the studied building. The developed model is then applied to a real commercial building. Results showed that the predictions are in good agreement with the measurements and that night-time natural ventilation can be an efficient passive cooling technique to avoid overheating in summer. In the second part, we evaluate the efficiency of different passive cooling techniques (thermal insulation, night-time natural ventilation, cool roof…) applied to ensure the thermal comfort in winter as well as in summer while minimizing the energy consumption. Finally, an optimization study is proposed to determine the optimal set of parameters for both objective functions considering the passive cooling techniques and the energy demand according to different climatic zones
Kaboré, Madi. "Enjeux de la simulation pour l'étude des performances énergétiques des bâtiments en Afrique sub-saharienne". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAA001/document.
Texto completoIn sub-Saharan African countries, the energy context, the high urban growth, inadequate construction techniques and climate offer great potential for bio-climatic approach and sustainable construction particularly on the energy level. However, this potential and the use of passive cooling techniques are weakly explored. To do so, it requires a good knowledge of building’s behaviour and their adaptation to the climatic context. As part of our contribution to this issue, a study on the thermal behaviour of buildings is initiated by numerical simulation. Indeed the building’s energy performance simulation tools are becoming more essential in the building’s design processes and analysis. Investigations are conducted on a building built with typical materials in Burkina Faso by following two main approaches. In the first approach a model of the building is faced with measurements from field experiments on the building. A calibration methodology based on the sensitivity analysis and optimization has been applied for the comparison of results. This helped to calibrate the model and diagnostic studies are performed.In the second approach, investigations on methods which can help to improve the building performance are realized through the application building performance simulation as a design aid tool. Interoperability and optimization techniques are used to deal with passive cooling techniques and their impacts on the building thermal behaviour are assessed. Finally in this work analysis techniques and performance criteria are used to characterize and make recommendations on building designs for the tropical climate context
Stéphan, Louis. "Modélisation de la ventilation naturelle pour l'optimisation du rafraichissement passif des bâtiments". Chambéry, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CHAMS005.
Texto completoThe spread of mechanical cooling systems resulted in increased power consumption, psychological effects on people and a kind of addiction among occupants Who do not tolerate indoor temperature variations. We are currently witnessing the emergence of a trend pushing towards new standards that recognize the historical adaptive concept. This is actually, in our opinion, the first step towards a sustainable architecture that will manage, in a more respectful way, the integration of buildings in their natural environment. However, there is still a consistent work that needs to be done to enhance our knowledge on natural ventilation in order to achieve optimized control strategies. From our point of view, this will require the development of two types of simulation tools : tools to be used by architects to help make preliminary choices during the design phase where the most important and sometimes irreversible decisions are taken; tools to achieve detailed simulations of air flow patterns in order to validate and refine the basic choice. These tools must be efficient and capable to adapt to any type of construction and change in boundary conditions while preserving a reasonable simulation time. This thesis is built around these two ideas : we proposed a design approach based on the inversion of simplified numerical models in order to size natural ventilation openings. Then, we developed an intermediate more detailed model based on solving Navier-Stokes equations on an adaptive mesh using the method of characteristics and operator's splitting coupled to parallel computing
Harkouss, Fatima. "Conception optimale de bâtiments à énergie nette nulle sous différents climats". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4044/document.
Texto completoThe conception of net zero energy buildings (NZEB) has been introduced to limit energy consumption, global warming potentials, and pollution emissions in buildings. The challenge in NZEB design is to find the best combination of design strategies that will enhance the energy performance of a particular building. The aim of this thesis is to develop an understanding of NZEBs design concepts. Besides, it aims to assist NZEB designers to select the suitable design options of passive and RE systems based on a systemic evaluation in different climates. This thesis presents a methodology for the simulation-based multi-criteria optimization of NZEBs. The methodology is applied to investigate the cost-effectiveness potential for optimizing the design of NZEBs in different case studies taken as diverse climatic zones. The proposed methodology is a useful tool to enhance NZEBs design and to facilitate decision making in early phases of building design. A comprehensive study on optimal passive design for residential buildings is presented. The occupants’ adaptive thermal comfort is also improved by implementing the appropriate passive cooling strategies such as blinds and natural ventilation. The configurations and capacities of the implemented RE systems in NZEBs must be appropriately selected to ensure the intended performance objective. In the thesis, investigation, optimization and comparison of six RE solution sets for designing NZEBs is carried out in three typical climates: Indore (cooling dominant), Tromso (heating dominant) and Beijing (mixed climate)
Chtioui, Feryal. "Étude du rafraîchissement passif de bâtiment par l’intégration d’un système de rétention d’eau". Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROS006.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we have studied water retention techniques on flat roofs for passive cooling of commercial/industrial buildings, and more especially the open roof pond system. This roof pond acts as a heat sink, solar irradiance and building internal heat are converted into latent heat, while water thermal inertia mitigates heat flux peaks. A numerical model has been developed to study the theoretical behavior of an open roof pond. A parametric study has allowed to analyze the different heat and mass transfers between the roof and the external environment, and indoor environment impacts. This has allowed to determine the cooling potential of this technology according to design parameters (water level and radiative properties), location and climate change effects. This numerical study was confronted with an experimental study carried out on a scaled down device, under oceanic climate in La Rochelle (France). This experiment also allows to test other water retention techniques on roof such as the adding of a gravel or a porous material layer, and to compare them to high albedo solutions called "cool roofs". The cooling potential and the performance of these passive solutions have been evaluated experimentally and numerically by various indicators defined compared to a bitumen reference roof. Finally, the roof water retention model was coupled with a typical commercial building, large-scale. A study for different current and future climates, especially during heatwave periods and integrating the use of the rainwater resource has been carried out. The results have shown that the roof pond solution is relevant to reduce summer discomfort whatever the location or the climate and that the maximum potential of this technique is obtained when it is combined with the “cool roof” solution
Belarbi, Rafik. "Développement d'outils méthodologiques d'évaluation et d'intégration des systèmes évaporatifs pour le rafraichissement passif des bâtiments". La Rochelle, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LAROS023.
Texto completoBrangeon, Boris. "Contribution à l’étude numérique de la ventilation naturelle dans des cavités ouvertes par la simulation des grandes échelles : application au rafraîchissement passif des bâtiments". Thesis, La Réunion, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LARE0037.
Texto completoContext: Air-conditioning represents a high-energy expenditure in the sector of the building, which could be reduced drastically through the use of passive cooling systems. In hot and humid climates, the passive cooling of premises is a tried and tested technique ordained around four principles: to minimize the external and internal heat transfers, to bring inertness to the building, to humidify the air, and to ensure a good convection in order to favor convective exchanges. Objective: The description of thermo-convective transfers (estimation of mass flows rate and heat transfers) set in open cavities (rooms with crossing ventilation, solar chimney, outer skin of a double facade,...) is still relatively uncommon and the stakes are high to improve passive systems. The study of these phenomena can be evaluated through computational fluid dynamics. This thesis’s objectives are to achieve precise numerical simulations of airflow inspecific configurations of passive systems in damp tropical climates, in order to improve and deepen our knowledge of natural convection and to begin to give information concerning the choice of numerical boundary conditions to apply to open geometries.Numerical approach: The numerical approach adopted in this work, to study the natural turbulent convection, is the Large-Eddy Simulation. This approach is halfway between a direct numerical simulation and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations. Such a technique is advantageous as it leads to a necessary substantial reduction of the number of discretizationpoints compared to the technique of direct simulation requirements, while retaining the dynamic aspect of the flows. Results: The results obtained in this work refer to the study of the dynamic boundary conditions to impose in open geometries with SND and to the application of the LES to different configurations of open cavities with a turbulent flow, in order to characterize temperature and velocity fields and then deduce mass flow rate, enthalpy flow,... The results have been compared either to other numerical results in the framework of national benchmarks (benchmark AmeThand ADNBâti) or to experimental results
Garde, François. "Validation et développement d'un modèle thermo-aéraulique de bâtiments en climatisation passive et active : intégration multimodèle de systèmes". La Réunion, 1997. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/97_03_Garde.pdf.
Texto completoYusta, Garcia Ferran. "La méthode des saisons climatiques : stratégie passive de conception architecturale de bâtiments basse consommation énergétique en climat très chaud". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0146/document.
Texto completoThe last 25 years have been ground-breaking in architectural design on low energy consumption in cold climate, mainly in north-western cultures. For an architect today, the method to design a passive house in cold weather and the choice of the Architectural Actions (AA), are clearly established. When the question comes to how to build a passive house in warmer, hot, and very hot climates, the strategies arepoor and often results of a combination of western strategies with a local relook. From several visits in MiddleEast countries, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, we concluded that the strategy for low consumption houses is not established yet and poorly grasped. The lack of training on low energy consumption in hot climate and the low price of energy, force designers and owners to rely on over usage of air-conditioning systems as measures to catch up on poor bioclimatic design. This method proposes a new approach on bioclimatic designfor hot climates from an architect point of view. It is based on a Cooling Degrees Days (CDD) and Heating Degrees Days (HDD) approach, a state of art of contemporary architecture and professional experience. Localclimates are classified according to the energy-hunger of six situations of the exterior temperature during night/day : cold/cold, cold/cool, cool/warm, cold/hot, cool/hot, and hot/hot as CDD and HDD of the twelve month ofthe year. A group of days on one of those situations will be called “climatic season”. In parallel we will create two main “climatic situations”: people keep the house closed to the exterior or opened to the exterior. We will associate passive strategies to these two differents ways to live in the house: “cold” and “hot” to a closed houseand “cool” and “warm” to a house opened up to the exterior. This method allows classifying any climate in theworld under these six climatic seasons. Our climate classification can now be associated to different strategies that we will call “architectural actions” as house is closed or opened. We could already start to design a house from here, but to better understand the influence of each action we have created an Energy+ model to analyze individually the effect of a single AA. The performance of each action is evaluated under the situations of six representative journeys as well as a year round on a very hot city: Dubai. The result of the effect good or badof action during each different season situation allows us to create the best combination of AA that are best fora year round climate resulting of the combination of several climatic seasons. This low-tech method will help usto find the common features of the houses of different hot climates of a big region and find the best typology. We have carried in parallel a cost study of the base house and the financial incidence of each single action to evaluate also the payback period by action
Kachkouch, Salah. "Évaluation expérimentale et par simulation des performances thermiques de techniques passives appliquées aux toitures pour le rafraîchissement des bâtiments en climat chaud". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LAROS021/document.
Texto completoThe building is one of the most energy-consuming and CO2-producing sectors in the world. Nowadays, this sector accounts for 33% of total energy consumption in Morocco. The new thermal regulation in Morocco aims to introduce eco-energy practices in this sector to reduce this consumption. Indeed, in the Mediterranean region, building architecture has a major impact on its energy and thermal performance. In addition, the integration of passive techniques and the use of local materials could significantly reduce energy consumption in the building sector. In this context where this thesis is located and whose objective is to evaluate the cooling capacity of some passive techniques for the solar protection of roofs and to show the importance of the use of local natural materials in the hot and semi-arid climate of Marrakech. Indeed, three passive cooling techniques are tested in real conditions in the Marrakech region. Passive techniques, namely white paint, shading and thermal insulation, are applied to the roofs of three outside test cells. The thermal performances of these techniques are evaluated simultaneously via a 29-day summer monitoring of four identical test cells, including a bare roof reference test cell (without treatment). Small scale test cells do not represent real buildings where an in-depth study can be conducted. To remedy this, we built a single-zone building that represents a classroom in rural region in southern Morocco, using natural materials and incorporating passive techniques into the roof. The thermal and energetic performances of the same techniques are evaluated by means of dynamic thermal simulations on TRNSYS as well as an experimental study
Gourdon, Emmanuel. "Contrôle passif de vibrations par pompage énergétique". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2006. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/egourdon.pdf.
Texto completoIn Civil and Mechanical Engineering, vibrations of structures are one of the risks of damage of a structure and can involve serious consequences, sometimes without comparison with the implementation of the suitable means of prevention. Thus, the dynamic study of structures is a stage impossible to circumvent in the development phase of a project. Passive control of vibrations, i. E. Control without the need for providing an external energy, became a true stake. Passive control of vibrations can be performed through the energy pumping phenomenon. Energy pumping is the irreversible transfer of vibrational energy from a main structure, which must be protected against external disturbances, to a coupled, essentially nonlinear, auxiliary structure, which is very light. The principle which is involved is the localization of nonlinear normal modes allowing strong vibrations of the added structure and very small vibrations of the primary structure. The phenomenon is first studied during non-stationary regime, and then during stationary regime. An optimisation of both energy pumping and parameters of the system is performed in order to apply it to real structures. Experimental verifications are carried out on reduced-scale building models
Brangeon, Boris. "Contribution à l'étude numérique de la ventilation naturelle dans des cavités ouvertes par la simulation des grandes échelles. Application au rafraîchissement passif des bâtiments". Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00763390.
Texto completoDaverat, Christophe. "Etude expérimentale de la convection naturelle en canal vertical à flux de chaleur imposé : application au rafraîchissement passif de composants actifs de l'enveloppe des bâtiments". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782327.
Texto completoRouault, Fabien. "Système intégré de rafraîchissement d’air pour le bâtiment à base de matériaux à changement de phase". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0009/document.
Texto completoAir-cooling systems using latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) are potential alternatives to air-conditioners for summer climate control in buildings. However, the performances of such systems are tightly linked to weather conditions and the configuration of the building to be cooled. The aim of this doctoral work is to develop a design support tool allowing optimally dimensioning an air-cooling system using phase change material at the preliminary design stage. A dynamic thermal model, simulating the behaviour an LHTES device exchanging with air, is developed and coupled with a building performance program. The LHTES and the co-simulation models are validated by comparison with experiments carried out on two prototypes of LHTES device and the experimental platform of zero energy building NAPEVOMO. Finally, a first design support tool using genetic algorithm is developed to define the optimal configuration of an air-cooling system for the summer comfort in « NAPEVOMO » house
Khabbaz, Mohamed. "Contribution à l'étude d'un échangeur de chaleur air-sol (puits canadien) pour le rafraîchissement de l'air sous le climat chaud et semi-aride de Marrakech". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LAROS028/document.
Texto completoThe low energy buildings tendency has become a major worldwide key to minimize energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions issues. In Morocco, the building sector represents 25% of the total final energy consumption, whereas 18% is dedicated for residential and 7% for the tertiary sector (ADEREE 2011). The integration of passive or semi-passive for cooling/heating purposes into buildings is an essential act for reducing energy consumption while improving thermal comfort. One of these systems is the Earth to Air Heat Exchanger (EAHX). Its principle to use the ground-coupled heat exchanger for cooling is well established, but the behavior of such a system depends on the climate and the soil, which influences the choice of design parameters of this system. We performed a numerical and experimental study on the thermal performance of an Earth to air heat exchanger installed in a villa type house in the suburbs of Marrakech. A monitoring survey was conducted during the summer period of 2013, to acquire temperature and humidity measurements for 39 days. The results show that the earth to air heat exchanger is a system more adapted to refresh the air in buildings in Marrakech, as it provides a quasi constant air temperature of approximately 22°C for flow 244 m3/h and 25°C for flow of 312 m3/h, with relative humidity that is around 50% when the outside temperature exceeds 40°C. The mathematical model chosen and the associated simulation tool used is Type 460 operating under the TRNSYS commercial software, analyzed and validated by comparison with experimental results. This comparison showed excellent agreement, with an average absolute difference between the measurement and simulation that is always lower than 0.5°C and 0.2°C as it decreases at the output of the buried pipe. On the other hand, dynamic simulations of the EAHX using TRNSYS software (TYPE 460) were performed with one pipe or three pipes continuously running. The achieving specific cooling capacity is 58 W/m2 (one pipe) and 55 W/m2 (three pipes) obtained for air temperatures of 25 °C and 26 °C respectively, at the EAHX outlet and 44.6 °C at its inlet. A sensitivity analysis, using the method of Sobol, of the thermal performance of the earth air heat exchanger (EAHX) in the hot season (May-September) has identified the most influential parameters. Thereafter, a complete parametric study on the total sensible energy lost through the air when in passing through the air-ground heat exchanger is made based on the most influential parameters determined previously
Hazard, Laurent. "Design of viscoelastic damping for noise & vibration control: modelling, experiments and optimisation". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210772.
Texto completopartition of unity functions with arbitrary chosen enrichment functions. Polynomial enrichment leads to the generation of high-order polynomial shape functions and is therefore similar to a p-FEM technique. Numerical examples illustrate the use of both PUFEM Mindlin plate elements and interface elements for the simulation of viscoelastic sandwich structures.
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Wu, Dongxia. "Experimental and numerical study on passive building envelope integrated by PCM and bio-based concrete". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0104.
Texto completoWith the development of society, the demand for energy saving and carbon emission reduction in buildings as well as the indoor thermal and humidity environment comfort is gradually increasing. Using Phase change materials (PCMs) or bio-based hygroscopic materials as building envelopes are promising solutions. PCMs can improve indoor thermal comfort and reduce energy consumption, while bio-based hygroscopic materials are environment-friendly materials that enable indoor humidity regulation and thermal insulation. However, only a few studies have explored the integrated application of the two types of materials and comprehensively analyzed the energy and hygrothermal performance. This dissertation proposed a passive envelope solution that integrates PCM and bio-based hemp concrete (HC) to simultaneously improve the energy, thermal, and hygric performances of buildings. The main objectives of this study are to investigate the feasibility of the integrated envelopes, to comprehensively study the hygrothermal and energy performance as well as the advantages and disadvantages of different configurations with PCM placed in different locations of the HC, and to conduct the parametric analysis and evaluate the application risks of the integrated envelope.First, experiments were conducted by comparing the hygrothermal performance of a reference envelope (HC only) and three integrated envelopes with PCM placed in different locations under two typical boundary conditions. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the integrated envelopes. The presence of PCM increased the thermal and hygric inertia of the envelope. As a result, the time delay was increased and the temperature/relative humidity amplitude was decreased. Different configurations had different advantages and disadvantages. The configurations with PCM placed in the middle of the HC was worth noting as it had small temperature/relative humidity fluctuation, long temperature time delay, and large energy savings.Then, the mathematical model of the integrated envelope that couples heat and moisture transfer and considers the temperature dependence of HC’s hygroscopic characteristic was developed. The accuracy of the model was validated by comparison with the experimental data. Based on the validated model, the simulations were performed in a Mediterranean climate to comprehensively investigate the hygrothermal and energy performance of the integrated envelope. The results highlighted the indispensable role moisture transfer plays in determining the indoor hygric environment and heat load, as well as the valuable effect of the integrated envelope on improving both energy and hygrothermal performance. Besides, the integrated envelope with PCM close to (but not in contact with) the interior showed great potential for saving energy and adapting to climate humidity variation while guaranteeing moisture equilibrium within the HC.Finally, the parametric analysis was performed from the perspective of PCM properties (thickness, latent heat, and phase transition range), and the application (condensation and mold growth) risk was evaluated. The results of the parametric analysis illustrated that the performance of the integrated envelope could be improved by increasing the thickness and latent heat and identifying the appropriate phase transition range of the PCM. The risk evaluation results confirmed that the integrated envelope was free from the risk of condensation and mold growth
Lenoir, Aurélie. "On Comfort in Tropical Climates. The design and operation of Net Zero Energy Buildings". Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0038.
Texto completoThis thesis investigates a comfort approach for the design and the operation of Net Zero Energy Buildings (Net ZEBs) in tropical climates. The work is part of an international research project, Task 40 / Annex 52 led by the International Energy Agency (IEA), that concerns net zero energy solar buildings. The case study of the ENERPOS building located in Reunion Island is one of the 30 Net ZEBs selected by the IEA to create a database of demonstration projects worldwide. The point of departure of the study is the observation that one of the challenges facing the intertropical zone today is the growing energy demand. Passive design is suggested as a possible solution to reduce the energydemand of buildings. This approach leads to dealing with comfort issues rather than energy issues, as is usually the case. In spite of the inherent subjective nature of occupant comfort, there is an essential need for methods and tools to characterise comfort in relation to the physical parameters of the environment, for instance, temperature, humidity, air speed and illuminance. Different approaches to thermal and visual comfort are introduced, with the aim of proposing comfort evaluation criteria that are adapted to the design offices. A thermal comfort survey of the occupants of the ENERPOS building, based on over 2,000 feedbacks was conducted from 2008 to 2011. The results have led to the recommendation of modifications in the Givoni comfort zones, notably by extending the maximum humidity level, for passive buildings combining the use of natural ventilation and ceiling fans. An innovative methodology using simulations and taking the passive behaviour of the building into account, as opposed to the conventional approach with regard to energy use, is proposed to facilitate the optimisation of the design of passive buildings. The study focuses on the design of solar shading, given the extensive role it plays in tropical climate, as well as the direct impact it has on both thermal and visual comfort of building occupants. Although the design phase aims to optimise the building to limit both discomfort and energy consumption, the operation of the building remains the critical phase that is often neglected or overlooked by design teams. A broad examination of the operation phase of the ENERPOS building, since its construction, from both energy and users’ point of view, illustrates that a building can reduce its energy consumption significantly, and thus, its environmental impact while maintaining an acceptable level of comfort for its users