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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Barrière d'espèces"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Barrière d'espèces"
Brugère-Picoux, Jeanne. "Passage de la barrière d'espèce". Les Cahiers du Musée des Confluences. Revue thématique Sciences et Sociétés du Musée des Confluences 6, n.º 1 (2010): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/mhnly.2010.1520.
Texto completoLéger, Clotilde. "Le prion franchit la barrière d'espèce…". Biofutur 2000, n.º 204 (octubre de 2000): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0294-3506(00)80149-0.
Texto completoSavey, Marc. "Zoonoses, surveillance des maladies animales et franchissement de la barrière d'espèce". Annales des Mines - Responsabilité et environnement N° 52, n.º 4 (2008): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/re.052.0072.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Barrière d'espèces"
Gambino, Adèle. "Etude du rôle de l'immunité innée dans la physiopathologie et dans la transgression de la barrière d'espèces par le SARS-CoV-2 chez différentes espèces animales". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Maisons-Alfort, École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ENVA0004.
Texto completoSARS-CoV-2 is a virus from the Coronaviridae family, Betacoronavirus genus, which is believed to have originated from a closely related virus found in a species of bat. Its emergence in China at the end of 2019 and the appearance of numerous variants have led to the largest viral pandemic of the 21st century. The infection causes the disease COVID-19, characterized by respiratory symptoms ranging from mild to severe, with pneumonia that can sometimes be fatal. The innate immune response is the first line of defense against a viral infection and allows for the synthesis of interferons (IFN), which induce the production of hundreds of antiviral molecules (Interferon-stimulated genes, ISG). It can also contribute to potentially harmful inflammation. We aimed to study the involvement of the IFN response in the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 through two approaches: in Syrian hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants (D614G, Delta, Omicron) of different pathogenicity and in a mouse model deficient or not for the IFN-I receptor. We show in the Syrian hamster model a positive correlation on the first day post-infection of the nasal cavity between the intensity of viral replication, the IFN-III response, and the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines. The Delta variant causes tissue damage earlier in the olfactory epithelium, associated with very strong IFN and inflammatory responses. The Omicron variant, the least pathogenic, induces an interferon response more slowly with a reduced inflammatory response. However, in the mouse model, we show that the IFN-I response is necessary to control viral replication. If at very early times of infection, the lack of induction of the IFN-I pathway does not seem harmful, on the 4th day post-infection, linked to increased viral replication and dissemination, the level of inflammatory cytokines is ultimately similar to that of control mice, and we observe an increase in tissue lesions in the nasal cavity. The IFN response can also be a determining factor in a virus's ability to cross the species barrier. Indeed, a virus's ability to counteract the IFN response of different potential hosts could facilitate crossing the species barrier. Some SARS-CoV-2 proteins can inhibit the induction of ISGs in human cells, and we wondered if the viral orthologs of bat SARS-CoV-like viruses retain this property. We show that, like SARS-CoV-2, the viral protein Nsp13 of the viruses BANAL-236, BANAL-103, and RATG13, which infect bats, also inhibit the induction of the human IFN pathway. Thus, the induction of the interferon pathway has multiple consequences during viral infection, and viruses like SARS-CoV-2 can counteract its induction in various ways, which confers a replicative advantage. Its study remains important to better understand the pathophysiology of the disease and to better adapt antiviral treatments, but also to detect animal viruses that could easily circumvent the antiviral responses of human cells and thus have zoonotic potential
Montecinos, Alejandro. "Species delienation and hybridization in the brown seaweed Ectocarpus complex". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066328/document.
Texto completoThe genus Ectocarpus Lyngbye (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyceae) comprises marine filamentous algae characterized by an alternation between two independent multicellular organisms of different ploidy. The general objective of the thesis was to study species delineation and speciation within this genus. We started clarifying the number of cryptic species using two unlinked loci (COI-5P and ITS1) and an integrative approach associating barcode gap detection analyses with phylogenetic reconstructions. We showed the presence of at least 15 species partitioned within a monophyletic group composed of E. crouaniorum (Ecro) and two closely related species and a paraphyletic assemblage composed of the remaining 12 other species including E. siliculosus (Esil). Second, Rad sequencing and phylogenomics analyses allowed to resolve the relationships within the paraphyletic assemblage. The different species becomes well separated into two divergent clades (Ecro and Esil). A diversity of taxa with various levels of divergence was revealed within the clade Esil and hybridization between the closest and sympatric species was suggested. Finally, the importance of reproductive isolation among the two commonest but most divergent species Esil and Ecro was studied using species-specific nuclear and cytoplasmic markers jointly with 9 microsatellites. We showed that meiosis acts as a strong reproductive barrier among these two species and demonstrates that the species of the genus Ectocarpus are excellent systems to study evolutionary consequences of hybridization and introgression for the maintenance or breakdown of species because of their haploid diploid life cycle
Paquet-Fifield, Sophie. "Etudes des mécanismes impliqués dans l'infection et la dissémination des prions dans des modèles cellulaires permissifs". Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066160.
Texto completoLe, Corre Anne-Claire. "Approche multi-échelles (élevage, cellule, -omique) des mécanismes de transmission inter-espèces d’Anaplasma phagocytophilum et de sa circulation chez les bovins". Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1073.
Texto completoAnaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular alphaproteobacterium, mainly transmitted by Ixodes ticks. It is the causative agent of bovine and human granulocytic anaplasmosis and can infect various mammalian species, including rodents and wild ruminants. Several epidemiological cycles may coexist in Europe. In particular, human and bovine strains seem to belong to distinct cycles, which leads to the hypothesis that cattle strain are not zoonotic. Due to its intracellular location in vivo inside granulocyte neutrophils, A. phagocytophilum culture is challenging and leads to several methodological difficulties. This explains why few studies have so far been performed in order to explore the interactions between this bacterium and its host species (mammals and ticks). In order to investigate these interactions at different levels, I performed four complementary studies. First, our epidemiological study in cattle herd highlighted the genetic diversity of strains circulating in the herds and challenges the role of cattle as a reservoir for A. phagocytophilum. The infections of endothelial cells that we performed to study the role of these cells as niche cells and/or determinants of species barrier during A. phagocytophilum infection led us to consider that endothelial cells could host A. phagocytophilum during their transmission from dermis to blood, without allowing their multiplication. For studying A. phagocytophilum transcriptomic reactions during the transmission from tick to vertebrate host, we submitted infected tick cells to heat shocks. Our results suggest that few transcriptomic events are induced during this transmission. Nevertheless, A. phagocytophilum is able to respond to non-physiological heat stress. We identified differentially expressed proteins, which could play an important role during tick or mammal infection. The yeast two hybrid analysis allowed us to detect three host cell interactors to APH_0032, an A. phagocytophilum vacuolar membrane protein. This technique could be applied for studying the molecular interactions involving proteins that where differentially expressed during heat shock, for example. Finally, our four complementary studies raise the question of the basis for such genetic variability and host diversity within an obligate intracellular bacterium and open up a wide field of perspectives
Su, Bin. "Impact de l'équilibre fonctionnel entre les protéines HA et NA des virus influenza A : pathogénicité, franchissement de la barrière d'espèce". Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077142.
Texto completoThe goal of our studies was to assess the impact of the functional balance between the Haemagglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA) proteins of the influenza A virus on viral fusogenicity, cellular tropism and pathogenicity, in order to better understand the factors modulating cross-species transmission and adaptation of influenza A. To accomplish these goals, we have developed two phenotypic tests : a cell-cell fusion assay and a virion infectivity assay. Two general topics were evaluated in the course of my thesis work: (i) the potential role of NA in the early stages of the viral life cycle, and (ii) the impact of a deletion in the stalk of the NA on the pathophysiology of infection in vitro and in vivo in domestic poultry. In the first study, we found that the NA protein significantly enhanced fusion and infectivity in a dose-dependent manner. A likely mechanism explaining these observations is that the NA protein desialylates the virions expressing HA, thereby increasing their infectivity. These results emphasize that the NA protein of influenza A plays a critical role not only in virion release and spread, but also during the process of viral entry. In the second study, we participated in a collaborative project headed by Dr. Nadia Naffakh, These studies demonstrate that a shortened NA stalk is a strong determinant of adaptation and virulence of waterfowl influenza viruses in chickens. The two phenotypic assay s developed in the course of these studies should prove useful in further exploring also be applied to the study of envelope proteins used by other viruses with potential applications for both basic and clinical virology