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Kuo, Tsai Chi, Miao-Ling Huang, Chia Wei Hsu, Chiuhsiang Joe Lin, Chih-Chun Hsieh y Chih-Hsing Chu. "Application of data quality indicator of carbon footprint and water footprint". International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology 2, n.º 1 (enero de 2015): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40684-015-0006-y.
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Xiloyannis, C., G. Montanaro y B. Dichio. "SUSTAINABLE ORCHARD MANAGEMENT, FRUIT QUALITY AND CARBON FOOTPRINT". Acta Horticulturae, n.º 913 (noviembre de 2011): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2011.913.34.
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Wong, Sui Hsien. "Better quality of care equals better carbon footprint?" Practical Neurology 18, n.º 6 (3 de octubre de 2018): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/practneurol-2018-002049.
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Xue, Jian, Zeeshan Rasool, Raima Nazar, Ahmad Imran Khan, Shaukat Hussain Bhatti y Sajid Ali. "Revisiting Natural Resources—Globalization-Environmental Quality Nexus: Fresh Insights from South Asian Countries". Sustainability 13, n.º 8 (10 de abril de 2021): 4224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084224.
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Widespread interference of human activities has resulted in major environmental problems, including pollution, global warming, land degradation, and biodiversity loss, directly affecting the sustainability and quality of the environment and ecosystem. The study aims to address the impact of the extraction of natural resources and globalization on the environmental quality in the South Asian countries for the period 1991–2018. A new methodology Dynamic Common Correlated Effects is used to deal with cross-sectional dependence. Most previous studies use only carbon dioxide emissions, which is an inadequate measure of environmental quality. Besides carbon dioxide emissions, we have used other greenhouse gas emissions like nitrous oxide and methane emissions with a new indicator, “ecological footprint”. Long-run estimation results indicate a positive and significant relationship of natural resources with all greenhouse gas emissions and a negative association with the ecological footprint. Globalization shows a negative association with carbon dioxide emissions and nitrous oxide emissions and a positive relationship with the ecological footprint. Institutional performance is negatively correlated with carbon dioxide emissions, methane emissions, and ecological footprint while positively associated with nitrous oxide emissions. The overall findings highlight the pertinence of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and ecological footprint, proper utilizing of natural resources, enhancing globalization, and improving institutional performance to ensure environmental sustainability.
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González-García, Sara, Xavier Esteve-Llorens, Maria Teresa Moreira y Gumersindo Feijoo. "Carbon footprint and nutritional quality of different human dietary choices". Science of The Total Environment 644 (diciembre de 2018): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.339.
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Bhorkar, M. P., P. Choudhary, A. Chawhan, A. Bijwe y K. Devgade. "Carbon footprint of a multi-storied residential building during the construction process". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1197, n.º 1 (1 de noviembre de 2021): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1197/1/012022.
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Abstract Construction Industry indicates development of the country and it helps in the economic growth which adds productivity and quality of life of citizens. During the manufacturing and the construction processes, there is use and combustion of fossil fuels which results total 39% of total carbon footprint. So, studying carbon footprint for construction companies becomes very important. Many different studies are carried out with giving number of alternatives to reduce the amount of carbon footprint. However, this research is focused mainly on multi-storeyed residential building in renowned city in India, shows the carbon emissions produced by a construction activity right from the material production to the actual execution process. Different Greenhouse gases contributing carbon footprint were also studied & incorporated. Various activities accounting to emissions were listed and their carbon footprint value (in the form of Carbon Dioxide equivalent) was calculated by bottom-up method. The manufacturing of various construction materials and usage of electricity during execution phases of a building causes very bad impact on the environment. The greatest contributors of the carbon footprint are onsite electricity use and building materials manufacturing. Therefore, use of green concrete, renewable energy, prefabricated construction materials and low emission construction equipment & vehicles can help in reducing the values of Carbon Footprint by the construction industry.
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Clement, Matthew Thomas, Chad L. Smith y Tyler Leverenz. "Quality of Life and the Carbon Footprint: A Zip-Code Level Study Across the United States". Journal of Environment & Development 30, n.º 4 (18 de noviembre de 2021): 323–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10704965211052130.
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Much sustainability scholarship has examined the environmental dimensions of subjective and objective well-being. As an alternative measure of human well-being, we consider the notion of quality of life and draw on a framework from the sustainability literature to study its association with ecological impact, specifically the carbon footprint. We conduct a quantitative analysis, combining zip-code level data on quality of life and the carbon footprint per household for the year 2012 across the continental United States ( n=29,953). Findings consistently show a significant, negative association between quality of life and the carbon footprint. Our findings point to the potential advantages of utilizing robust objective measures of quality of life that extends beyond economic well-being and life expectancy alone. Furthermore, our findings question the conventional wisdom that sustainability requires sacrifices, while suggesting opportunities for how increased levels of sustainability may be achieved while retaining high levels of quality of life.
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Bellassen, Valentin, Marion Drut, Federico Antonioli, Ružica Brečić, Michele Donati, Hugo Ferrer-Pérez, Lisa Gauvrit et al. "The Carbon and Land Footprint of Certified Food Products". Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization 19, n.º 2 (2 de febrero de 2021): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jafio-2019-0037.
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Abstract The carbon and land footprint of 26 certified food products – geographical indications and organic products and their conventional references are assessed. This assessment goes beyond existing literature by (1) designing a calculation method fit for the comparison between certified food and conventional production, (2) using the same calculation method and parameters for 52 products – 26 Food Quality Schemes and their reference products – to allow for a meaningful comparison, (3) transparently documenting this calculation method and opening access to the detailed results and the underlying data, and (4) providing the first assessment of the carbon and land footprint of geographical indications. The method used is Life Cycle Assessment, largely relying on the Cool Farm Tool for the impact assessment. The most common indicator of climate impact, the carbon footprint expressed per ton of product, is not significantly different between certified foods and their reference products. The only exception to this pattern are vegetal organic products, whose carbon footprint is 16% lower. This is because the decrease in greenhouse gas emissions from the absence of mineral fertilizers is never fully offset by the associated lower yield. The climate impact of certified food per hectare is however 26% than their reference and their land footprint is logically 24% higher. Technical specifications directly or indirectly inducing a lower use of mineral fertilizers are a key driver of this pattern. So is yield, which depends both on terroir and farming practices. Overall, this assessment reinforces the quality policy of the European Union: promoting certified food is not inconsistent with mitigating climate change.
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Kuittinen, Matti. "Does the use of recycled concrete lower the carbon footprint in humanitarian construction?" International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 7, n.º 5 (14 de noviembre de 2016): 472–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-04-2015-0016.
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Purpose This study investigates the carbon footprint of the alternative structure types and materials used for the reconstruction of schools in Haiti. Are recycled construction materials more environmental than virgin materials? To estimate which alternative construction solution has the smallest carbon footprint, a survey was made for the school model used for the reconstruction programme in Haiti after the 2010 earthquake. Design/methodology/approach The carbon footprint was calculated using life cycle assessment methodology for five different concrete structure alternatives and five different cement mixes for the same design of a school building. In addition, the uptake of CO2 through the carbonation of concrete during 50 years was calculated. Findings The carbon footprint of recycled materials can be either the best or worst option, depending on how the materials are used. The difference to using virgin materials is not big. This is mainly due to the lower structural performance of recycled materials, which needs to be compensated for by using additional reinforcements. Using cement mixes that have high amounts of substitutes for cement seems to lower the carbon footprint of structures considerably. The uptake of CO2 in carbonation has potential but requires an optimal design and environment. Originality/value The findings give information for humanitarian project managers and designers on lowering the carbon footprint of their construction projects.
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Ortiz-Rodríguez, Oscar O., Raquel A. Villamizar-Gallardo, Carlos A. Naranjo-Merino, Rafael G. García-Caceres y María T. Castañeda-galvís. "Carbon footprint of the colombian cocoa production". Engenharia Agrícola 36, n.º 2 (abril de 2016): 260–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v36n2p260-270/2016.
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ABSTRACT Cocoa is an important commercial crop in the tropics; and estimating the carbon emissions in the producing-areas is a worthwhile effort. The main goal of the current paper was to evaluate the carbon footprint (CF) per kilogram of Colombian cocoa bean produced under conventional and agroforestry managements, following the methods proposed by PAS 2050. In this research, we compared our results to other worldwide researches, showing an overview of the current limitations and challenges involving the CF researches. Our results showed that all calculated environmental burdens were lower for the conventional management. In the agroforestry practice, composting of cocoa pod husks contributed with approximately 34.00E+00 g methane and 2.55E+00 g nitrous oxide emissions per kilogram of cocoa grain produced. Therefore, such practice could reduce CF by 6.00E+00 kg CO2 Eq kg-1, which is certainly a significant amount. These cocoa residues left on the ground have a strong impact on CF of both studied managements due to the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter, which represents more than 85% of emissions. We concluded that both evaluated production processes can emit environmental burdens at the same magnitude. Definitely, there is a widespread need to improve cocoa production system by changing old and less productive plants to the so called clones to ensure cocoa yield and quality worldwide.
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Aunsary, Md Nazmul, A. M. Zahirul Islam, S. M. Nahid Hasan, Marilyn B. Aldamar y Cheska B. Aujero. "Low carbon emission baking performance of the bread roll and cake". Malaysian Journal of Halal Research 3, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2020): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mjhr-2020-0005.
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AbstractCarbon emission is the biggest problem all over the world. The actualizing of low carbon emission in the bread kitchen and dessert shop segment permits the difference in its mechanical procedure through the improvement of an eco-proficient framework. This study was to line up bread and cake with fully completely different wheat quality, baking time, and temperature through low carbon emission. The prepared samples were chemically analyzed for wet content, ash content, compound content, and organoleptic. Among the four processed cake products based on each parameter tested organoleptically, cupcake products were the most preferable one. Bread products made with substitution of 50% have been received by consumer panelists. The results of this study were also in line with the research conducted by which resulted in a substitution of spinach flour substitution of up to 60% still acceptable by panelists. Sponge cake from flour can still be received by panelists with 50% substitution. 12% of moisture will help 5 days’ self-life without chemical preservatives. The oven is the largest of the three consumers and typically accounts for between 35% and 45% of the total site carbon emissions. The dark cake pan, which holds in more heat than light-colored baking pans and bakes our cake batter faster. Considering that the most significant dark non-stick pan was suggested for baking low carbon emission, it will be reducing the baking temperature by 25° F. Good practice opportunities can be delivered for various plant/equipment utility serving could deliver on average a 10% saving in total CO2 emissions for the sector. This would speak to a CO2 decrease of 57 000 ton CO2 / year over the world.
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Lou, Lan Lan, Hai Lin Mu, Xin Chen y Hua Nan Li. "The Carbon Footprint Analysis of Thermal Power Plants". Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (septiembre de 2013): 814–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.814.
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Thermal power plant is the main CO2 emission source in China. This paper discusses the carbon footprint of a thermal power plant in Liaoning province of China based on LCA (Life Cycle Assessment. The reviewed thermal power plants total carbon footprint is about 6.52 million tons, of which 90.23% are from fuel combustion. The onsite emission is 5.91 million tons which depends on the power plants technology level and energy efficiency. In order to alleviate carbon emissions at the power enterprise level, an integrated effort should be taken, including the optimization of energy structures, improvement of energy efficiency and technology level. Recommendations for thermal power plant management are that companies should make full use of geographical advantages and adopt high-quality fuels actively.
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Hsiao, Ta Ching y Sheng Tsao. "Synthesis and Purification of Silicon Carbide Powders for Crystal Growth". Materials Science Forum 717-720 (mayo de 2012): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.717-720.37.
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Silicon carbide powders were prepared in a vacuum induction melting furnace (VIM). Silica and silicon were used as sources of silicon, and graphite powder was used a source of carbon. Pressures of 0.1 and 0.01 atm were selected as the operation conditions, and different silicon carbide powders were prepared. Free carbon and remnant silica were removed by high-temperature baking in air and acid leaching. Low-pressure powders show better crystallinity; moreover, free carbon and silica were rarely found in the product after baking and leaching. The low-pressure grains were prismatic whereas the high-pressure grains were porous. This shows that pressure is a critical parameter in silicon carbide formation, and low-pressure makes the low-temperature synthesis of silicon carbide feasible. Glow discharge mass spectra were used to analyze the impurity content in silicon carbide powders. After baking and leaching, the purity is increased from 3N5 (99.95 wt.%) to 4N5 (99.995 wt.%). Further purification procedures will be combined to meet the quality requirements for crystal growth.
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Kharitonova, N. A., E. N. Kharitonova y V. N. Pulyaeva. "Carbon footprint of Russia: realities and prospects of economic development". Russian Journal of Industrial Economics 14, n.º 1 (9 de abril de 2021): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/2072-1633-2021-1-50-62.
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The article deals with the key aspects of the problem of determining the “carbon footprint” of industrial production. Rapidly increasing greenhouse gas emission within the past two centuries can cause irreversible changes in the Earth’s climate. Various manufacturing industries including “production and consumption of energy” create more than half of the “Earth’s carbon footprint”. The authors present a brief analytical overview of the “carbon footprint” problem in the context of solving a significant issue of global warming. They suggest references to current research and publications of Italian, Chinese and Spanish scientists. For example, Italian researchers proved that social innovations as well as transition to low-carbon technologies can be of good effect in reducing the “carbon footprint”. Chinese researchers (by analyzing 45-year-long data on the quantity of developed natural resources, energy consumption and population growth, “carbon footprint” and carbon dioxide emissions in the USA) proved that in the long-term perspective consumption of natural resources and renewable energy sources can improve the quality of the environment while population growth and consumption of non-renewable energy sources can contribute to its deterioration. Spanish researchers explored the connection between the “carbon footprint” and national peculiarities of people’s life. They listed the basic features of current energy transformation of the global economy (towards increasing the volume of renewable energy sources). The authors considered basic methods of regulating the “carbon footprint” of industrial production: by means of legal prohibition or improvement of pricing mechanism. They introduce the “Strategy of long-term development of Russia with low level of greenhouse gases till 2050”. The article contains information on reporting of greenhouse gas emissions in Russia.
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Obasa, Victoria Dumebi, Oludolapo Akanni Olanrewaju, Oluwashina Phillips Gbenebor, Ezenwanyi Fidelia Ochulor, Cletus Chiosa Odili, Yetunde Oyebolaji Abiodun y Samson Oluropo Adeosun. "A Review on Lignin-Based Carbon Fibres for Carbon Footprint Reduction". Atmosphere 13, n.º 10 (30 de septiembre de 2022): 1605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101605.
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Carbon fibers (CFs) are made mostly from a non-environmentally friendly polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and little from rayon. PAN-based CFs, require huge amount of energy for its production aside its contributions to the global CO2 emission. Therefore, there is recourse to a more environmentally friendly sources of CFs biomass. Recently lignin has been recognized as a potential renewable raw material for carbon fibers to replace PAN-based. The magnitude and quality of CO2 emission of lignin-based CFs are dependent on the processing route. On this premise; this review examines the various lignin-based CFs processing route adopted by researcher in the recent past to establish the most viable route with minimum carbon footprint emission. Outcome of the review shows that the major advantages of aromatic polymer (AP) generated precursor over PAN is the presence of higher quantity of guaiacyl units and oxygen content which makes the stabilization phase efficient and faster requiring less energy. Though there are several methods and options for the various stages of conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into CFs as highlighted in the study, establishing an optimum processing route will be a trade-off amongst various issues of concern; carcinogenic risk, carbon footprint emission, CFs Yield and mechanical strength of the CFs. Inferences from the study shows that the L-CF significantly produced reduced climatic impact in terms of CO2 emission.
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Talibi, Sayed Samed, Teresa Scott y Rahim A. Hussain. "The Environmental Footprint of Neurosurgery Operations: An Assessment of Waste Streams and the Carbon Footprint". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n.º 10 (15 de mayo de 2022): 5995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105995.
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Healthcare in England generates 24.9 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e), equating to approximately 4% of the total national output of greenhouse gases (GHG), and of this, 10% is from the manufacturing of medical equipment. Operating theatres are a major contributor of biomedical waste, especially consumables, and are three-to-six times more energy intensive than the rest of the hospital. This study seeks to quantify and evaluate the carbon cost, or footprint, of neurosurgery at a single institution in England. A single neurosurgical operation generates, on average, 8.91 kg of waste per case, equivalent to 24.5 CO2e kg per case, mostly from single-use equipment. Per annum, 1300 neurosurgical operative cases are performed with total waste generation of 11,584.4 kg/year and a carbon footprint of 31,859 (kg) CO2e. The challenge of achieving net zero GHG presents an opportunity to catalyse innovation and sustainability in neurosurgery, from how care is delivered, through to equipment use and surgical methodologies. This should improve the quality of healthcare provision to patients and yield potential cost savings.
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Tanti, Karl, Arif Rochman y Paul Refalo. "Analysing the Sustainability of Cascade Recycling in Plastic Manufacturing". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1196, n.º 1 (1 de octubre de 2021): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1196/1/012021.
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Abstract This study ventures to further sustainable manufacturing by showing how a cascade recycling approach can be utilised by a plastic cosmetic packaging company. Three reprocessing cycles were assessed from product quality, environmental, financial and social points of view. It is shown how the cascade approach did not negatively affect the quality of the produced parts and when compared to a no-recycling scenario, the proposed three-cascade recycling approach results in 28.1% less costs and 29.3% less carbon footprint. The labour increases up to a maximum of 7 hours per 50,000 products. When compared to a conventional in-house recycling scenario, the proposed approach would reduce the costs by 11.7% and the carbon footprint by 12.9%.
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Liu, Yue, Mei Zheng, Mingyuan Yu, Xuhui Cai, Huiyun Du, Jie Li, Tian Zhou et al. "High-time-resolution source apportionment of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Beijing with multiple models". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, n.º 9 (17 de mayo de 2019): 6595–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6595-2019.
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Abstract. Beijing has suffered from heavy local emissions as well as regional transport of air pollutants, resulting in severe atmospheric fine-particle (PM2.5) pollution. This study developed a combined method to investigate source types of PM2.5 and its source regions during winter 2016 in Beijing, which include the receptor model (positive matrix factorization, PMF), footprint and an air quality model. The PMF model was performed with high-time-resolution measurements of trace elements, water soluble ions, organic carbon and elemental carbon using online instruments during the wintertime campaign of the Air Pollution and Human Health in a Chinese Megacity – Beijing (APHH-Beijing) program in 2016. Source types and their contributions estimated by PMF model using online measurements were linked with source regions identified by the footprint model, and the regional transport contribution was estimated by an air quality model (the Nested Air Quality Prediction Model System, NAQPMS) to analyze the specific sources and source regions during haze episodes. Our results show that secondary and biomass-burning sources were dominated by regional transport, while the coal combustion source increased with local contribution, suggesting that strict control strategies for local coal combustion in Beijing and a reduction of biomass-burning and gaseous precursor emissions in surrounding areas were essential to improve air quality in Beijing. The combination of PMF with footprint results revealed that secondary sources were mainly associated with southern footprints (53 %). The northern footprint was characterized by a high dust source contribution (11 %), while industrial sources increased with the eastern footprint (10 %). The results demonstrated the power of combining receptor model-based source apportionment with other models in understanding the formation of haze episodes and identifying specific sources from different source regions affecting air quality in Beijing.
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Southorn, T., AR Norrish, K. Gardner y R. Baxandall. "Reducing the Carbon Footprint of the Operating Theatre: A Multicentre Quality Improvement Report". Journal of Perioperative Practice 23, n.º 6 (junio de 2013): 144–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/175045891302300605.
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Fakher, Hossein-Ali. "Investigating the determinant factors of environmental quality (based on ecological carbon footprint index)". Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, n.º 10 (13 de febrero de 2019): 10276–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04452-3.
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Chen, Bowen, Hicham Chaouki, Donald Picard, Julien Lauzon-Gauthier, Houshang Alamdari y Mario Fafard. "Modeling of Thermo-Chemo-Mechanical Properties of Anode Mixture during the Baking Process". Materials 14, n.º 15 (2 de agosto de 2021): 4320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154320.
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In the Hall–Héroult process, prebaked carbon anodes are utilized to produce primary aluminium. The quality of the anode plays a crucial role in the efficiency of electrowinning primary aluminium. In the production of anodes, the anode baking is considered as the stage most frequently causing anode problems. During the baking process, the anode undergoes complex physicochemical transformations. Moreover, the anode at a lower position, imposed by loading pressures from upper anodes, will creep during this process. Thus, the production of high-quality anodes demands efficient control of their baking process. This paper aims to investigate the thermo-chemo-mechanical properties of the anode paste mixture at high temperatures. These properties include kinetic parameters of pitch pyrolysis such as the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor, the thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) and relevant mechanical parameters related to the elastic, the viscoelastic and the viscoplastic behaviours of the anode. For this purpose, experiments consisting of the thermogravimetric analysis, the dilatometry and the creep test were carried out. Based on the obtained results, the forementioned parameters were identified. Relevant mechanical parameters were expressed as a function of a new variable, called the shrinking index, which is related to the volatile released in open and closed pores of the anode. This variable would be used to highlight the chemo-mechanical coupling effect of the anode mixture. New insights into the phenomena such as the expansion due to the increase of the pore pressure and the chemical shrinkage of the anode during the baking process were also gained in this work. These investigations pave the way for modeling the thermo-chemo-poromechanical behaviour of the anode during the baking process.
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Pramana Jaya, Aditya y Muhammad Sontang Sihotang. "Manufacture of Briquettes from Baking Filter Dust (BFD) Waste and Coconut Shell Charcoal". Journal of Technomaterial Physics 4, n.º 2 (31 de agosto de 2022): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jotp.v4i2.9717.
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This research utilized baking filter dust (BFD) waste obtained from PT. INALUM., which functions as a heat retainer, is processed into briquettes with the addition of coconut shell charcoal, which has not been fully utilized. This research is also to determine the optimum quality of physical and chemical properties in good briquettes to be used as an alternative fuel. This study uses the method used is the pyrolysis method with the combustion process using a closed combustion furnace and sieving using a sieve with a size of 50-100 mesh. The quality of briquettes was analyzed using the Proximate Test, Ultimate Test, and Characterization of SEM – EDX. Furthermore, the quality test of briquettes refers to SNI 016235 2000 and the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 47 of 2006; the average moisture content of briquettes is 18.65 %, the average ash content of briquettes is 4.33 %, the average volatile matter content (volatile matters) is 13.30 %, the average fixed carbon content (fixed carbon) is 63.73 %, the average heating value is 6,200 cal/g, and the sulfur content is 49.75 % on average.
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Chen, Bowen, Hicham Chaouki, Donald Picard, Julien Lauzon-Gauthier, Houshang Alamdari y Mario Fafard. "Physical Property Evolution of the Anode Mixture during the Baking Process". Materials 14, n.º 4 (15 de febrero de 2021): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14040923.
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The Hall-Héroult process uses prebaked carbon anodes as electrodes. The anode’s quality plays a crucial role in the efficiency of the aluminium production process. During the baking process, the anode undergoes complex physicochemical transformations. Thus, the production of high-quality anodes depends, among others, on the efficient control of their baking process. This paper aims to investigate the evolution of some physical properties of the anode paste mixture during the baking process. These properties include the mass loss fraction, real and apparent densities, the ratio of apparent volume, the permeability, and porosities. For this purpose, experiments consisting of thermogravimetric analysis, dilatometry, air permeability, and helium-pycnometric measurements were carried out. The anode permeability at high temperatures was linked to the air permeability through a permeability correlator due to experimental limitations. Moreover, the real density at high temperatures was estimated by combining real densities of the coal tar pitch and coke aggregates. Different porosities, such as the open porosity and the closed porosity related to the pitch binder, were estimated by taking the permeability at high temperatures into account. In this context, the effect of the permeability correlator, which was introduced to link the permeability at high temperatures to the air permeability, was investigated through a sensitivity analysis. These results allow an estimation of the shrinking index, a new variable introduced to reflect the baking level of the anode mixture, which is linked to the volatile that is released in both open and closed pores. Afterwards, the pore pressure inside closed pores in the coal tar pitch was estimated. The obtained results highlight some new insights related to the baking process of the anode mixture. Moreover, they pave the way for better modeling of the thermo-chemo-mechanical behavior of anodes at high temperatures.
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Taha, Zahari, Hadi Abdul Salaam, Phoon Sin Ye y Tuan Muhammad Yusoff Shah Tuan Ya. "The Effect of Vortex Tube Cooling on Surface Roughness and Carbon Footprint in Dry Turning". Advanced Materials Research 903 (febrero de 2014): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.903.135.
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This paper presents a study on the effect of Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube air cooling on surface roughness quality and carbon footprint when turning mild steel workpiece with coated carbide cutting tool. The cutting parameters involved in this study were cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. The cutting speed and feed rate were fixed at 160 m/min and 0.10, 0.18 and 0.28 mm/rev, while the depth of cut was varied from 1.0 to 4.0 mm. During the turning process, the cutting temperatures were measured using infrared thermometer and the power consumption was measured using a power and harmonics analyzer and then converted into carbon footprint. The machined parts surface roughness were measured using a surface roughness tester. The results show that machining with Ranque - Hilsch vortex tube reduces the cutting temperature, but the surface roughness and carbon footprint is better under ambient condition except at a higher feedrate.
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Żyłowski, Tomasz. "EVALUATION OF THE TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY AND CARBON FOOTPRINT REDUCTION POTENTIAL OF SPRING BARLEY CULTIVATION". Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, n.º 3 (10 de agosto de 2019): 561–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2805.
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of spring barley cultivation to indicate the reasons for its inefficiency and assess the possibility of the carbon footprint reduction potential. Survey data from 113 farms cultivating spring barley in 2016 were used. DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) input oriented models were applied to assess technical, pure technical and scale efficiency. The carbon footprint of crop cultivation and its reduction potential for inefficient farms were estimated. The Fractional Regression Model (FRM) was used to explain how farm specific variables (structural and environmental factors) influence the efficiency of spring barley cultivation. Results indicate that the improvement of spring barley cultivation technology, through the effective use of inputs, especially mineral fertilizers, could lead to a reduction in the carbon footprint of its cultivation by an average of 32%, which, in turn, leads to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 744 kg CO2e per ha. The economic size of farms, farm area, soil quality and annual rainfall significantly affect the results of technical efficiency.
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Zheng, Hui, Meng Xing, Ting Cao y Junxia Zhang. "Uncertainty Study and Parameter Optimization of Carbon Footprint Analysis for Fermentation Cylinder". Sustainability 11, n.º 3 (27 de enero de 2019): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030661.
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With the rapid development of industry, problems for the ecological environment are increasing day by day, among which carbon pollution is particularly serious. Product carbon emission accounting is the core of sustainable green design. In this paper, the beer fermentation cylinder is taken as an example for low carbon design to get the best combination of design parameters when the carbon emission is the smallest. The life cycle assessment method is used to calculate the carbon footprint of products. In order to analyse the uncertainty and sensitivity of the method, an uncertainty analysis method using data quality characteristics as input of Monte Carlo is proposed. Sensitivity analysis is carried out by multivariate statistical regression and Extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test (EFAST). The system boundary of fermentation cylinder is determined and the carbon emissions of life cycle are calculated. The quality characteristics of life cycle inventory data (LCI) data are analysed and Monte Carlo simulation is carried out to quantify the uncertainty of LCI. EFAST is used to calculate the sensitivity of LCI and the results are compared with those of multivariate statistical regression to verify the feasibility of the method. Finally, response surface methodology (RSM) is used to optimize the design of parameters. It provides guidance for the establishment of product carbon emission model and low carbon design.
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Panozzo, J. F., C. K. Walker, D. L. Partington, N. C. Neumann, M. Tausz, S. Seneweera y G. J. Fitzgerald. "Elevated carbon dioxide changes grain protein concentration and composition and compromises baking quality. A FACE study". Journal of Cereal Science 60, n.º 3 (noviembre de 2014): 461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2014.08.011.
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Rose, Donald, Martin C. Heller, Amelia M. Willits-Smith y Robert J. Meyer. "Carbon footprint of self-selected US diets: nutritional, demographic, and behavioral correlates". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 109, n.º 3 (29 de enero de 2019): 526–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy327.
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ABSTRACT Background A substantial portion of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) has been attributed to the food sector, but little is known about the association between the carbon footprint of individual self-selected diets in the United States and nutritional quality. Objectives The aims of this study were to assess the GHGE from individual self-selected diets in the United States and examine their association with nutritional quality of the diets, demographic patterns, and food-related behaviors. Methods The dietary GHGE from US adults (>18 y, N = 16,800) in the 2005–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were calculated by linking all foods consumed in their 24-h recall diets to our new database of food environmental impacts. Diets were ranked by GHGE/1000 kcal. Those in the top and bottom quintiles were compared on the US Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and on the amounts of specific nutrients known to be under- or overconsumed in the US population. Demographic and behavioral variables from the NHANES were also correlated to these dietary carbon footprints. Results Diets in the bottom quintile accounted for one-fifth the total emissions (GHGE/1000 kcal) of those in the top quintile, yet had significantly higher (P < 0.001) HEI scores by 2.3 ± 0.7 points on a 100-point scale. These low-GHGE diets contained higher amounts of fiber and vitamin E and lower amounts of sodium and saturated fats, whereas high-GHGE diets contained higher amounts of vitamins A and D, choline, calcium, iron, and potassium. Low-GHGE diets had less meat, dairy, and solid fats, and more poultry, plant protein foods, oils, whole and refined grains, and added sugars. Conclusions Food patterns responsible for lower GHGE had a better overall diet quality and were more nutritious on several key dimensions, although not all. These results can inform dietary guidance and other policies that seek to address the goals of improved dietary intakes and reduced food-related emissions.
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Leon, Federico, Alejandro Ramos y Sebastian O. Perez-Baez. "Optimization of Energy Efficiency, Operation Costs, Carbon Footprint and Ecological Footprint with Reverse Osmosis Membranes in Seawater Desalination Plants". Membranes 11, n.º 10 (12 de octubre de 2021): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11100781.
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This article shows the optimization of the reverse osmosis process in seawater desalination plants, taking the example of the Canary Islands, where there are more than 320 units of different sizes, both private and public. The objective is to improve the energy efficiency of the system in order to save on operation costs as well as reduce the carbon and ecological footprints. Reverse osmosis membranes with higher surface area have lower energy consumption, as well as energy recovery systems to recover the brine pressure and introduce it in the system. Accounting for the operation, maintenance and handling of the membranes is also important in energy savings, in order to improve the energy efficiency. The energy consumption depends on the permeate water quality required and the model of the reverse osmosis membrane installed in the seawater desalination plant, as it is shown in this study.
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Daryanto, Yosef, Hui Wee y Gede Widyadana. "Low Carbon Supply Chain Coordination for Imperfect Quality Deteriorating Items". Mathematics 7, n.º 3 (5 de marzo de 2019): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7030234.
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Nowadays, many countries have implemented carbon pricing policies. Hence, the industry adapts to this policy while striving for its main goal of maximizing financial benefits. Here, we study a single manufacturer–retailer inventory decision considering carbon emission cost and item deterioration for an imperfect production system. This study examines two models considering two cases of quality inspection. The first is when the buyer performs the quality inspection, and the second is when the quality inspection becomes the vendor’s responsibility so that no defective products are passed to the buyer. Carbon emission costs are incorporated under a carbon tax policy, and we consider the carbon footprint from transporting and warehousing the items. The objective is to jointly optimize the delivery quantity and number of deliveries per production cycle that minimize the total cost and reduce the total carbon emissions. This study provides solution procedures to solve the models, as well as two numerical examples.
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Noviarini, Chairunnisa, Ari Rahman, I. Wayan Koko Suryawan, Iva Yenis Septiariva y Sapta Suhardono. "Global Warming Potential from Public Transportation Activities During COVID-19 Pandemic in Jakarta, Indonesia". International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering 12, n.º 2 (29 de abril de 2022): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsse.120211.
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During a pandemic, social distancing will affect the occupancy rate of public transportation in DKI Jakarta. The number of usually total passengers is partially occupied. Of course, this can change the carbon footprint generated for each person. For this reason, this research was conducted to determine the carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions released during the COVID-19 pandemic. A direct survey has been conducted to determine the occupancy rate of mass rapid transit (MRT) vehicles and Trans Jakarta buses. Online vehicles such as cars and motorbikes were based on government policy. The results show that the MRT occupancy rate was 63±32 passengers, and for Trans Jakarta, it was 21±9 passengers. The carbon footprint from transportation that produces the most negligible CO2 emissions was MRT. The comparison obtained between the MRT and Trans Jakarta Bus's emission values were 0.026 and 0.091 kg CO2 eq/passenger. As for the online taxi transportation mode with four people, it produced the highest CO2 emissions. Therefore, the government needs have planned MRT to improve the quality of public transportation and capacity, especially in the main corridors of DKI Jakarta.
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Szigeti, Cecília, Zoltán Major, Dániel Róbert Szabó y Áron Szennay. "The Ecological Footprint of Construction Materials—A Standardized Approach from Hungary". Resources 12, n.º 1 (10 de enero de 2023): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources12010015.
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Due to the large volume and mass of materials used, the construction industry is one of the sectors with the highest environmental impact. However, to provide good quality, affordable, and low-energy housing, the business case must be maintained. Accordingly, we aimed to develop and test a calculator to measure the ecological footprint of the embodied carbon in materials used in construction projects in a standardized way, without the need for environmental or even civil engineering expertise, and thus in a way that is accessible to SMEs. The novelty of our research is that although there are calculators for measuring the environmental impact (e.g., carbon footprint) of the construction industry, and there is a methodology for calculating the ecological footprint of construction, there is no free, easy-to-use, online calculator for calculating the ecological footprint of embodied carbon in materials available to all enterprises. In other words, this approach extends our previously developed corporate ecological footprint calculator with the environmental impacts of material usage. The study summarises the baseline research for an ecological footprint calculator, tested on two new condominium buildings and the energy renovation of five condominium buildings, built with a prefabricated technology typical in Hungary and other post-socialist countries. Based on our results and in accordance with former literature sources, most of the ecological footprint of new construction projects is determined by materials with high mass and volume, in particular, concrete, steel, and masonry; so it is not necessary to take into account all construction materials in a calculator in a detailed way. We also conclude that renovation and ongoing maintenance, as well as preservation, are recommended for structurally sound buildings, as embodied carbon in materials in the case of an energy upgrade of an existing condominium building has an environmental impact of 0.3–0.8 global hectares per dwelling, depending on the technical content, while in the construction of a new building, this value is between 10.49–14.22 global hectares. Our results can help investors and clients in their decisions, and policymakers in determining urban development directions.
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Fadli, Muhamad, Peppy Herawati, Hadrah, Endi Adriansyah, Rifqi Sufra y Muhammad Syaiful. "Analysis of Carbon Monoxide (CO) Quality Due to the Construction of the Miftahun Najah Islamic Boarding School". International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS) 2, n.º 2 (29 de agosto de 2022): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i2.101.
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Air pollution comes from construction activities in the development of educational infrastructure buildings because it has an impact on changes in green open space and an increase in air pollution, especially Carbon Monoxide (CO) emissions in the air. The contribution of increasing CO2 and CO emissions can be sourced from all activities of workers who use energy such as procurement of building materials, use of transportation fuels, electricity use activities, and LPG use activities. Carbon footprint is a measure of the total amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions that come from activities or accumulations from daily activities. This study aims to determine the amount of carbon Monoxide (CO) and CO2 emissions as indicators of air quality at the Miftahun Najah Islamic Boarding School. Measurement of Carbon Monoxide (CO) parameters was carried out for one week with 7 samplings in the morning and samplings in the afternoon in situ. Measurements using the Lutron GCO-2008 CO meter and carbon footprint calculations using the IPCC 2006 method. The measurement results were obtained in the afternoon with a total of 9,926 mg/Nm3 and the lowest in the morning was 1,102 mg/Nm3. Air temperature in the morning to evening ranged from 29oC – 36oC. The results showed that the concentration of Carbon Monoxide in the development of Islamic boarding school buildings was still below the quality standards set according to Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021, namely10,000 μg / Nm3.
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Zhang, Cheng, Xiong Zou y Chuan Lin. "Carbon Footprint Prediction of Thermal Power Industry under the Dual-Carbon Target: A Case Study of Zhejiang Province, China". Sustainability 15, n.º 4 (10 de febrero de 2023): 3280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043280.
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China is the world’s primary energy consumer. In order to address global warming, China has proposed a strategic goal of “reaching peak carbon and carbon neutrality”, which is related to a balance between human and natural life and has vital strategic significance for accelerating the construction of a sustainable society and achieving high-quality development. The energy sector is the main battlefield upon which the country will strive to achieve the “double carbon” goal, and power systems take the hierarchical first place in the current carbon emissions structure in China. Thermal power enterprises are facing severe challenges, such as low-carbon development, transformation, and upgrading. Therefore, it is crucial to study the thermal power industry’s carbon footprint. A scenario prediction method for estimating the carbon footprint of the thermal power industry in Zhejiang Province based on stacking integrated learning—i.e., the STIRPAT model—is proposed in this study. Using this model, to identify the main influencing factors, one can take the coefficient of determination (R2) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) as evaluation indicators, building a fusion advantage model to predict the carbon footprint. Four carbon peak action scenarios are set up to determine the thermal power industry’s carbon peak in 2021–2035, taking Zhejiang Province as an example. The findings indicate that the proposed method can accurately predict the carbon footprint of the thermal power industry, with the prediction coefficient (R2) being higher than 0.98 and the error (MAPE) being lower than 0.01. The carbon emission peaks of the thermal power industry under different carbon peak action scenarios are calculated, verifying that Zhejiang Province can reach the goal of a carbon peak; however, the low-carbon development model is too extreme and needs to be revised in combination with more reasonable improvement methods. Therefore, Zhejiang Province must be restructured industrially, the construction of high-tech industries must be encouraged, the energy consumption structure must be optimized, energy efficiency must be boosted, and energy use must be reduced. Relevant research offers a theoretical foundation and benchmark for China’s thermal power industry to promote industrial restructuring and low-carbon transformation by means of comprehensive governance.
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Polgár, András, Adrienn Horváth, Katalin Szakálosné Mátyás, Attila László Horváth, János Rumpf y Andrea Vágvölgyi. "Carbon Footprint of Different Harvesting Work Systems in Short Rotation Energy Plantations". Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica 14, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2018): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aslh-2018-0008.
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Abstract Almost half of the total area of Hungary is arable land. Nearly one-third of this area is poor-quality arable land where agriculture would be uneconomical. Energy plantations can be grown extremely well on poor-quality land. Currently, the carbon neutrality of wood as a raw material must also be justified, considering several factors. Environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) was developed as a tool for sustainable, decision-supporting, environmental management, which is an outstanding tool for the well-established analysis of environmental impacts, although the application of it in forestry remained a challenge for the LCA community. No sector specific LCA and life cycle inventory methodology has been developed in forestry; thus, implementing such a methodology remains a big challenge. Calculated on a common functional unit (100 m3/ha wood chips, 100% energy purpose), we have performed a comparative environmental life cycle assessment for harvesting technologies of short rotation energy plantations (technology related to stands of 3 ha of poplar, 5–10 ha of willow, 20 ha of willow), specifically for the third year harvesting work system. Research results on global warming potential show the carbon footprint of harvesting work systems, the knowledge of which has a strong influence on the environmental consideration of raw material (wood chips) and also on the more precise definition of carbon sequestration capacity. The typical values of carbon balance ratio (1.37–1.46) indicate a positive carbon sequestration potential and a magnitude well within the system boundaries of the third year harvesting work system submodule. The results obtained enable the estimation and prediction of environmental impacts for the whole lifecycle of the plantation.
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Villagrán-Zaccardi, Yury, Ricardo Pareja, Lina Rojas, Edgardo Fabián Irassar, Andrés Torres-Acosta, Jorge Tobón y Vanderley M. John. "Overview of cement and concrete production in Latin America and the Caribbean with a focus on the goals of reaching carbon neutrality". RILEM Technical Letters 7 (15 de agosto de 2022): 30–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2022.155.
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Carbon neutrality to limit global warming is an increasing challenge for all industries, particularly for the cement industry, due to the chemical emission of the process. For decades, reducing the clinker factor has been one of the main strategies to reduce the carbon footprint. Additional cuttings in the clinker content of cements seem possible with the upsurge of novel supplementary cementitious materials. This potential contribution represents only a fraction of the required carbon reductions for achieving the goal of carbon neutrality in the coming decades. This paper describes the current situation of the cement industry in Latin America and the Caribbean and the global opportunities and strategies to reduce the carbon footprint of cement and concrete and their adaptation to the regional conditions. Besides describing emerging supplementary cementitious materials, the potential contributions of industrialization and quality control are discussed. Moreover, limitations related to geography and standardization are analyzed. Regional considerations are made given the specific prospects of human development.
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Tamiru, Metekia, Ashraf Alkhtib, Basha Belachew, Solomon Demeke, Zemene Worku, Jane Wamatu y Emily Burton. "Oat–Field Pea Intercropping for Sustainable Oat Production: Effect on Yield, Nutritive Value and Environmental Impact". Sustainability 15, n.º 4 (14 de febrero de 2023): 3514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043514.
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The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of Oat–field pea intercropping on the yield, nutritive value, and environmental impact of oat grown under a reduced level of nitrogen fertilisation. The trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design with the following treatments: oat-0 (oat (Avena sativa L., SRCP X 80 Ab 2291 variety) without N fertilization (urea)), oat-23 (oat fertilised with 23 kg N/ha), oat-46 (oat fertilised with 46 kg N/ha), O1P1 (oat intercropped with field pea (Pisum sativum L., local variety) a ratio of 1:1), O1P2 (oat intercropped with field pea a ratio of 1:2), and O2P1 (oat intercropped with field pea at a ratio of 2:1). All of the experimental plots received standard husbandry practices except for nitrogen fertilisation. Soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and organic carbon were determined before and after planting. The effect of nitrogen fertilization and intercropping of oat with field pea on carbon footprint, acidification footprint, eutrophication footprint, and human toxicity footprint was calculated for each plot. Oat-0 significantly reduced the total nitrogen content of the soil, while there was no significant effect of the other treatments. O2P1 significantly out-yielded all control groups; however, it was not significantly different from fertilisation treatments. Intercropping with field pea did not significantly increase the cost of production of dry matter, crude protein, or dry matter digestibility compared to control groups. Intercropping with field pea significantly reduced the carbon footprint, acidification, eutrophication, and human toxicity footprint compared to the control groups. Therefore, oat–field pea intercrops are recommended for the production of high-quality forage at low N input with reduced environmental impact.
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Huang, Xiaojuan, Shangrong Lin, Xiangqian Li, Mingguo Ma, Chaoyang Wu y Wenping Yuan. "How Well Can Matching High Spatial Resolution Landsat Data with Flux Tower Footprints Improve Estimates of Vegetation Gross Primary Production". Remote Sensing 14, n.º 23 (29 de noviembre de 2022): 6062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14236062.
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Eddy-covariance (EC) measurements are widely used to optimize the terrestrial vegetation gross primary productivity (GPP) model because they provide standardized and high-quality flux data within their footprint areas. However, the extent of flux data taken from a tower site within the EC footprint, represented by the satellite-based grid cell between Landsat and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and the performance of the model derived from the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) within the EC footprint at different spatial resolutions (e.g., Landsat and MODIS) remain unclear. Here, we first calculated the Landsat-footprint NDVI and MODIS-footprint NDVI and assessed their spatial representativeness at 78 FLUXNET sites at 30 m and 500 m scale, respectively. We then optimized the parameters of the revised Eddy Covariance-Light Use Efficiency (EC-LUE) model using NDVI within the EC-tower footprints that were calculated from the Landsat and MODIS sensor. Finally, we evaluated the performance of the optimized model at 30 m and 500 m scale. Our results showed that matching Landsat data with the flux tower footprint was able to improve the performance of the revised EC-LUE model by 18% for savannas, 14% for croplands, 9% for wetlands. The outperformance of the Landsat-footprint NDVI in driving model relied on the spatial heterogeneity of the flux sites. Our study assessed the advantages of remote sensing data with high spatial resolution in simulating GPP, especially for areas with high heterogeneity of landscapes. This could facilitate a more accurate estimation of global ecosystem carbon sink and a better understanding of plant productivity and carbon climate feedbacks.
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Peñaloza Isidro, Leidy Katherine, Oscar Orlando Ortiz Rodriguez y Jorge Sánchez Molina. "Study of the carbon footprint in a ceramic production process in the metropolitan area of Cucuta". Respuestas 23, n.º 2 (1 de julio de 2018): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22463/0122820x.1741.
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The experimental process was proposed in order to establish the viability of substituting part of the mineral fraction used at present (clayey material) by residues of combustion processes (ashes) of coal in thermoelectric, as an element to reduce the carbon footprint of the process of production of ceramic products, without altering the quality, properties and functionality of the final product. The study focuses on the specific case of a brick-making company in the metropolitan area of Cúcuta, and on the substitution of 10% of the raw material (clay) for ashes from the thermoelectric plant, for the production of ceramic blocks. The analyses carried out establish an energy saving derived from the use of 10% fly ash equivalent to 997.12Kg of Norte de Santander coal per burn. The results determine that, in the case of brick production, the annual reduction of emissions associated with the production process, with the use of ashes from the thermoelectric, would be 849.48 tons of CO2. Thus, the carbon footprint is reduced by 16.39kgCO2equiv/t finished product, which represents a decrease of 5.99% of the carbon footprint compared to the conventional process.
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Mathur, Shivangi, Hunny Waswani, Deeksha Singh y Rajiv Ranjan. "Alternative Fuels for Agriculture Sustainability: Carbon Footprint and Economic Feasibility". AgriEngineering 4, n.º 4 (19 de octubre de 2022): 993–1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering4040063.
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Agriculture is the foremost source of food for humans. Fossil fuels are typically used to operate farm machines, contributing to carbon emissions and accelerating climate change. It is possible to mitigate environmental damage by promoting renewable or alternative fuels, namely biofuels, solar energy, biomass, wind, geothermal, small-scale hydro, and wave power. Biofuels are considered as low carbon-emitting alternatives to conventional fuels. The use of biofuels promotes reduced emissions of greenhouse gases and reduces the related detrimental impact of transport. As an alternative to fossil fuels, renewable fuels seem to present a promising scenario. However, if low carbon products are promoted, analysis of each particular product’s GHG emissions and carbon footprint (CF) is needed. Nowadays, CF is considered as the prime indicator of environmental impact, and its calculation is in utmost demand. Agriculture significantly benefits from the use of renewable resources. The carbon footprint measurement has the potential to assess and compare carbon emissions generated by agricultural products and to identify points for improving environmental performance. Several studies have compared alternative fuels with conventional fuels, and it has been proven that using alternative fuels can significantly reduce traditional fuel consumption. Bioenergy includes a number of socio- economic, technical as well as environmental benefits that helps in achieving the UN sustainable development goals (SDG). The aim to end malnutrition and hunger (SDG 2) requires a sustainable system for food production as well as resilient agriculture practices to improve agricultural productivity. The revenues from bioenergy projects can provide food and a better diet for small farming communities, thereby improving their quality of life. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive outlook of the role of alternative or biofuels in the agriculture sector, in terms of economic feasibility and carbon footprint, for sustainable development. This review also discusses the various generations of biofuels in attaining carbon neutrality, biofuel’s impact on the environment, applications in agriculture, and limitations.
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Auclair, Olivia y Sergio A. Burgos. "Carbon Footprint of Canadian Self-Selected Diets: Trade-Offs With Nutrient Intakes and Diet Quality". Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (junio de 2021): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab060_002.
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Abstract Objectives Individuals' dietary choices are critical determinants of human and planetary health. Although the environmental impact of animal-based foods typically exceeds that of plants, trade-offs among nutritional outcomes and environmental sustainability in the context of self-selected diets are less understood. The objectives were to estimate the carbon footprint of Canadian self-selected diets and to compare low- and high-GHGE diets in terms of intake of food groups, nutrients, and diet quality. Methods Twenty-four-hour recalls from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) – Nutrition were used to determine dietary intake among adults ≥19 y (n = 13,612). Estimates from the database of Food Impacts on the Environment for Linking to Diets were used to link foods and beverages reported in the CCHS to their greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE). Intake of food groups, nutrients, and diet quality based on the Alternative Healthy Eating Index – 2010 were compared between low- and high-GHGE diets (lowest and highest quintiles of dietary GHGE expressed per 1,000 kcal). Results Dietary GHGE (mean ± SE) was 3.98 ± 0.06 kg CO2-equivalents (eq) per person per d or 2.15 ± 0.03 kg CO2-eq per person per 1,000 kcal. Animal-based foods contributed three-quarters of Canadians' total dietary GHGE, with red and processed meat alone accounting for 47.05 ± 0.82%. High-GHGE diets contained more animal-based foods, but also more vegetables and fruits and miscellaneous foods and beverages; low-GHGE diets contained more cereals, grains, and breads. High-GHGE diet respondents had higher intakes of nutrients of public health concern (iron, potassium, calcium, and vitamin D), but also higher intakes of nutrients to limit (saturated fat and sodium). Moreover, low-GHGE diets had higher diet quality scores compared to high-GHGE diets (55.31 ± 0.49 vs. 47.27 ± 0.46 points; p < 0.0001). Conclusions Self-selected Canadian diets with the highest GHGE contained more animal-based foods and were characterized by higher intakes of nutrients of concern but a lower overall diet quality. These trade-offs warrant attention in shaping future food policy and dietary guidance in Canada aimed at meeting global targets for climate change. Funding Sources None.
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Getahun, Eshetu, Nigus Gabbiye, Mulugeta A. Delele, Solomon W. Fanta y Maarten Vanierschot. "Two-stage solar tunnel chili drying: Drying characteristics, performance, product quality, and carbon footprint analysis". Solar Energy 230 (diciembre de 2021): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2021.10.016.
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Iriarte, Alfredo, Maria Gabriela Almeida y Pablo Villalobos. "Carbon footprint of premium quality export bananas: Case study in Ecuador, the world's largest exporter". Science of The Total Environment 472 (febrero de 2014): 1082–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.072.
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Cimini, Alessio, Matteo Cibelli, Maria Cristina Messia y Mauro Moresi. "Commercial short-cut extruded pasta: Cooking quality and carbon footprint vs. water-to-pasta ratio". Food and Bioproducts Processing 116 (julio de 2019): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2019.05.004.
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Li, Yuan, Wujuan Mi, Yuheng Zhang, Li Ji, Qiusheng He, Yuanzhu Wang y Yonghong Bi. "Change of Human Footprint in China and Its Implications for Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions". Remote Sensing 15, n.º 2 (10 de enero de 2023): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15020426.
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Humans have altered the earth in unprecedented ways, and these changes have profound implications for global climate change. However, the impacts of human pressures on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions over long time scales have not yet been clarified. Here, we used the human footprint index (HF), which estimates the ecological footprint of humans in a given location, to explore the impacts of human pressures on CO2 emissions in China from 2000 to 2017. Human pressures (+13.6%) and CO2 emissions (+198.3%) in China are still on the rise during 2000–2017 and are unevenly distributed spatially. There was a significant positive correlation between human pressures and CO2 emissions in China, and northern China is the main driver of this correlation. The increase of CO2 emissions in China slowed down after 2011. Although human pressures on the environment are increasing, high-quality development measures have already had noticeable effects on CO2 emission reductions.
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Klemenc Ketiš, Zalika y Andree Rochfort. "Sustainability for planetary health: A seventh domain of quality in primary care". Slovenian Journal of Public Health 61, n.º 4 (28 de septiembre de 2022): 198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjph-2022-0026.
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Abstract Climate change is one of the biggest threats to public health. Sustainability is characterized by using resources wisely in a way that protects finite resources and the environment, and takes into account the needs of our planets’ inhabitants in the future. Sustainability in health care should be considered as a seventh domain of quality, as it can lead to improvement of patient outcomes, and more capacity for health care workers to engage in quality improvement and thereby improve the quality of care. The carbon footprint of primary care is high, mainly due to prescribing medication, but also due to the transport of patients to hospitals and primary care services for interventions requested by family medicine. Other causes are the transport of staff and supplies, consumables and staff involved in laboratory analysis and radiation, medical and non-medical equipment, clinical and non-clinical waste, heating and cooling systems and other activities. Small adjustments in these areas could significantly decrease the carbon footprint of primary care practices. The suggested steps for primary care to achieve a more sustainable practice are fostering research, raising awareness, reducing the burden on primary care, engaging in quality improvement, and leadership and advocacy. Each individual primary care practice has the potential to be a leader and role model for sustainable health care. With the implementation of interventions to reduce carbon footprints, primary care could set an example within the health sector and for patients. This could significantly raise the awareness of the public about the need to take actions for a greener health system.
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Maués, Luiz Maurício Furtado, Felipe de Sá Moreira, Luciana de Nazaré Pinheiro Cordeiro, Raísse Layane de Paula Saraiva, Paulo Cerqueira dos Santos Junior y Olga Maria Pinheiro Pinheiro. "Impact on Education and Ecological Footprint as a Consequence of SARS-CoV-2 in the Perception of the Quality of Teaching Engineering Students in the Brazilian Amazon". Sustainability 14, n.º 16 (10 de agosto de 2022): 9891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14169891.
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The world experienced several economic, social and environmental transformations during the COVID-19 pandemic, and today, society assesses all these changes in the different stages of the pandemic process. In this sense, this research aimed to evaluate the educational and environmental impacts on the academic community of the largest educational institution in the Brazilian Amazon. The perception of the quality of teaching of undergraduate and graduate engineering students during remote teaching was assessed by means of an exploratory research work carried out at the Federal University of Pará (Brazil). Ecological and carbon footprint indicators were also measured through the Global Footprint Network®. In social terms, students pointed to a reduction in the quality of teaching. Despite the incentives through institutional initiatives for both students and professors, the community was not prepared to fully migrate to the virtual world, and that made the teaching–learning process difficult. In environmental terms, the reduction in the ecological footprint that was observed could have reached values higher than those that were found, to the order of 2.33%, with the mobility sector achieving the greatest reduction.
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Saraiva, Artur, Pedro Presumido, José Silvestre, Manuel Feliciano, Gonçalo Rodrigues, Pedro Oliveira e. Silva, Miguel Damásio et al. "Water Footprint Sustainability as a Tool to Address Climate Change in the Wine Sector: A Methodological Approach Applied to a Portuguese Case Study". Atmosphere 11, n.º 9 (31 de agosto de 2020): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11090934.
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In the Mediterranean region, climate change is likely to generate an increase in water demand and the deterioration of its quality. The adoption of precision viticulture and the best available techniques aiming at sustainable production, minimizing the impact on natural resources and reducing production costs, has therefore been a goal of winegrowers. In this work, the water footprint (WFP) in the wine sector was evaluated, from the vineyard to the bottle, through the implementation of a methodology based on field experiments and life cycle assessment (LCA) on two Portuguese case studies. Regarding direct water footprint, it ranged from 366 to 899 L/FU (0.75 L bottle), with green water being the most significant component, representing more than 50% of the overall water footprint. The approach used in the current study revealed that although more than 97.5% of the water footprint is associated with vineyard, the winery stage is responsible for more than 75% of the global warming potential indicator. A linear correlation between the carbon footprint and the indirect blue water footprint was also observed for both case studies. Climate change is expected to cause an earlier and prolonged water stress period, resulting in an increase of about 40% to 82% of blue WFP.
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Pitrakkos, Panayis y Warren Maroun. "Evaluating the quality of carbon disclosures". Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 11, n.º 3 (26 de junio de 2019): 553–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-03-2018-0081.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the differences in quality and quantity of disclosures dealing with greenhouse gas emissions among companies with a relatively large or small carbon footprint. It also considers whether disclosures are being included in the primary report to stakeholders (an integrated report) or in a secondary source (a sustainability report). Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive carbon disclosure checklist was constructed based on professional and academic literature to identify and categorise carbon disclosures. Quality is gauged according to a multi-dimensional assessment derived from prior research based on density of reporting, disclosure attributes, management orientation, integration of information, ease of analysis, reporting on strategy, use of independent assurance and repetition. A content analysis is used to gauge the quantity and quality of carbon disclosures of 50 companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. Differences in the quantity and quality scores of high- and low-carbon companies are tested using a Mann–Whitney U test. Findings Carbon disclosures are used as part of a legitimacy management exercise. This involves not just the use of additional environmental disclosure to placate stakeholders as environmental impact grows. The quality of reporting and location of disclosures are, perhaps, more important for understanding how companies are responding to stakeholder expectations for reporting on carbon emissions and climate change. Practical implications Despite mounting scientific evidence on the risks posed by climate changes, companies remain reluctant to commit to high-quality reporting on specific steps being taken to reduce carbon emissions. Even when disclosures are being targeted at key stakeholders, the possibility of impression management remains. It may, therefore, be necessary to have carbon reporting regulated and independently assured. More guidance on how companies should be managing and reporting on carbon emissions and climate change may also be required. Social implications Despite mounting scientific evidence on the risks posed by climate changes, companies remain reluctant to commit to high-quality reporting on specific steps being taken to reduce carbon emissions. Even when disclosures are being targeted at key stakeholders, the possibility of impression management remains. It may, therefore, be necessary to have carbon reporting regulated and independently assured. More guidance on how companies should be managing and reporting on carbon emissions and climate change may also be required. Originality/value The study merges the traditional approach of focusing on the quantity of disclosures to illustrate the application of legitimacy theory in a sustainability/integrated reporting setting with less-seldom-studied quality and location of reporting. This result provides a more nuanced perspective of how carbon disclosures are being used to manage stakeholders’ reporting expectations.
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Presura, Elena y Lacramioara Diana Robescu. "Energy use and carbon footprint for potable water and wastewater treatment". Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 11, n.º 1 (1 de julio de 2017): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/picbe-2017-0020.
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Abstract Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) are sources of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). Carbon dioxide emissions have a big contribution to climate change. In general they come from burning fossil fuels to generate the electricity necessary for operating the treatment processes. The demand of energy depends on the treatment processes, but also on the quality of water source or wastewater influent. Water companies have to continuously supply safe drinking water to population and to treat and discharge wastewater according to regulations at a cost as low as possible. In Romania reporting of GHGs is not mandatory for water companies. Evaluation of GHG emissions from water industry have become a subject of great interest because of concern regarding climate change. Research and regulation have been conducted by different authors based on a regional basis. This paper proposes to estimate and compare the carbon emissions resulting from power consumption of Constanta South WWTP and PALAS Constanta DWTP. The energy supplier is different for these plants. In order to calculate the carbon emissions the amount of specific CO2 emissions is determined. The contribution of each primary source to produce the amount of electricity which is consumed is taken into account. WWTP has high power consumption in biological processes, because there are the aeration tanks, the sewage pumping station and the equipment for sludge. DWTP has high power consumption because of the pumping equipment used for raw water abstraction from deep wells and those for drinking water distribution to consumers. In order to identify, sort and display possible causes of the high power consumption of WWTP, Ishikawa chart is used. Through its configuration, the diagram allows highlighting and prioritizing the causes which generate this effect. Some management options are presented in order to reduce power consumption in WWTP.