Tesis sobre el tema "Bactéries – Effets des métaux"
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Delorme, Thierry. "Tolérance aux métaux lourds des bactéries de sédiments fluviatiles : acclimatation au zinc d'une souche d'Alcaligenes piechaudii". Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10134.
Texto completoSiron, Valérie. "Stabilité de nanoparticules d'oxyde métallique et effets toxicologiques". Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077138.
Texto completoAs they are small, the nanoparticules which one of the dimensions is inferior to 100 nm, are used in many processes (textile, cosmetics,. . . ) and some nanomaterials are already included in consumer goods. Despite the rise of nanosciences, few studies have determined the ecotoxicological and environmental impact of the nanoparticles. The aim of this study is to find some answers to these issues. To do so, the study of the biological interactions between ZnO nanoparticles (semi conductor incorporated in the sunscreen composition), and a Escherichia coli, a bacteria présent in the environment, was performed. The toxic behaviour of ZnO nanoparticles was evaluated in two media: a growth medium Luria Bertani (LB), and an environmental medium, Seine river water. The results obtained in this work show that the toxic impact studies of nanoparticles needed a pluridisciplinary approach. Indeed, the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of nanoparticles were evidenced in this work, but a comparison of the biological effects obtained during incubation with Zn2+ ions, suggested the partial dissolution of the nanoparticles. This hypothesis was confirmed by solubility experiments performed in both media. The composition of the medium influences the potential toxicity of ZnO. The implication of oxidative stress in the mechanisms of nanoparticles toxicity was observed by using a mutant strain for the superoxide dismutase enzyme
Vidal, Céline. "Etude taxonomique, phylogénétique et génétique des bactéries symbiotes des légumineuses métallicoles adaptées aux sites contaminés par le zinc et le cadmium". Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20232.
Texto completoAnthyllis vulneraria is a legume present on heavy-metal-enriched spoil heaps of zinc and able to fix nitrogen. It facilitates installation of other vegetal species, allowing fast and lasting post-mining restoration of these sites. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria able to associate with a metallicolous A. Vulneraria ecotype belong to a new species, Mesorhizobium metallidurans. This bacterium is systematically found in all mining samples where metallicolous Anthyllis ecotype is present. To investigate on the origin of this bacterium, a comparative analysis (genetic and phenotypic) of Mesorhizobium associated with metallicolous Anthyllis was performed on contaminated and non contaminated soils. Metallicolous bacteria differ of non metallicolous genetically, taxonomically and in their capacities to tolerate metals. So, M. Metallidurans seems particularly adapted to high level of Zn and Cd. Study of rhizobia associated with several other metallicolous legumes revealed high genetic diversity. It seems that symbiotic bacteria associated with different metallicolous legumes are the result of local adaptations linked to horizontal transfers. Thus, a soil saprophytic bacterium highly adapted to contaminated and able to acquire nodulation genes under selection pressure of plant host would be at the origin of M. Metallidurans
Oger-Duroy, Cécile. "Etude des bactéries résistantes au cadmium portant le gène cadA dans un environnement naturel contaminé par les métaux lourds : l'estuaire de la Seine". Rouen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ROUES019.
Texto completoIn the Seine estuary cadmium-resistant bacterial communities was studied with different approaches of classical microbiology and molecular ecology. Molecular quantification of the cadA gene level in the total extracted DNA from environmental samples (water and sediments) in the microbial community, enabled us to study modifications in the genetic background of these communities. Those modifications could be related to the selection pressure by cadmium occurring on bacterial communities in contaminated sites such as the Northern intertidal mudflats. Moreover, high level of cadA gene in the water column of the mouth could be relied to the hydrodynamic of the environment during the maximum turbidity zone formation in low riverflow periods. This study focalized on the Staphylococcus population harboring cadA gene. The conservation of cadA gene sequences in the bacteria of this genus could be related to the dissemination of this gene with plasmids or insertion sequences IS257 intermediates
Mohamad, Roba. "Adaptation des bactéries symbiotiques de légumineuses métallicoles : effets des métaux lourds et de la plante hôte sur la composition des populations de rhizobia symbiotiques d’Anthyllis vulneraria et de Lotus corniculatus". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT153/document.
Texto completoTwo legumes (Anthyllis vulneraria and Lotus corniculatus) adapted to heavy metals form an interesting material for phytostabilisation strategy in mining sites. As biological nitrogen fixators, these legumes associated with compatible symbiotic bacteria provide an efficient establishment of a sustainable cover vegetation limiting metal dispersion in the environment. Our objectives were to study the effects of heavy metals and the host plant on symbiotic populations naturally associated with these legumes by analyzing (i) symbiotic populations associated with A. vulneraria on 8 contaminated and uncontaminated sites (ii) rhizobial populations associated with L. corniculatus that were compared with those of Anthyllis. The distribution of mesorhizobial strains isolated from A. vulneraria root-nodules from several contaminated and uncontaminated sites depends on high levels of heavy metals in soils by selecting highly resistant strains and impacting the taxonomic composition. Strains belonging to M. metallidurans were only found in highly contaminated sites. Two new potential metal-tolerant species were detected in two distinct mines. One of them was closely related to M. ciceri and M. loti and its members had the feature of not -possessing the cadA gene, a gene involved in metal-tolerance among M. metallidurans strains. By contrast, uncontaminated sites revealed a different taxonomic diversity with new species sensitive to heavy metals. Four of these new species were defined. A. vulneraria and L. corniculatus share the same taxonomic diversity in the contaminated sites tested. By contrast, symbiotic properties of the strains vary depending on the host plant used for trapping. Strains belong either to symbiovar (sv.) anthyllidis or to sv. loti according to geographic origins and independently of heavy metal levels in soils. A. vulneraria associated with strains of sv. anthyllidis or sv. loti. In contrast, L. corniculatus only associated with strains of sv. loti. In contaminated or uncontaminated soils, A. vulneraria was preferentially nodulated by sv. anthyllidis. In conclusion, A. vulneraria and L. corniculatus established symbiotic relationships with the same taxonomic groups of Mesorhizobium but associated with different symbiovars. The finding of taxonomic groups strongly depends on geographical sites, suggesting special adaptations to environmental conditions. Use of local biological resources is the strategy we recommend for revegetation of old mines
Saint-Martin, Pascale. "Étude de deux protéines contenant du fer non hémique isolées du genre Desulfovibrio : la rubrérythrine (purification et caractérisation chez Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ATCC 27 774) et la rubrédoxine (effets de substitutions métalliques)". Compiègne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989COMPD206.
Texto completoRubredoxin, the simplest iron-sulfur protein, has been used as a model for the study of mechanisms of hydrogenases which contain more complex centers. The active center of rubredoxins from 3 Desulfolvibrio strains (D. Desulfuricans ATCC 27 774 and Berre-Eau and D. Gigas) has been substituted by nickel and their deuterium-proton exchange and H2 production activities have been measured by mass-spectrometry. No net activity has been observed with native rubredoxin. Substitution with nickel leads to exchange and production activities, weak indeed when compared to those of hydrogenases. But it is clear that nickel plays a role in hydrogen activation. H2/H2+HD ratio is compatible with an heterolytic cleavage of D2 with formation of an hybrid. CO, which is an inhibitor of all types of hydrogenases, is a reversible of inhibitor for nickel-rubredoxins. No activity is observed after replacement of iron by other transition metals (cobalt or copper). A new protein has been isolated from D. Desulfuricans ATCC 27 774. It contains non heme iron implicated in two different structures : one of the rubredoxin type and one of the hemerythrin type. So it has been called rubrerythrin. The optical spectrum of this protein is comparable to the rubredoxin one, but it is composed by two 24 KDa subunits. The redox potential (+ 200 mV) is very high compared to other proteins found in Desulfovibrio. A protein with NADH-rubrerythrin oxydo-reductase activity has been purified and characterized. Nevertheless, the physiological role of rubrerythrin is still unknown
Présent, Romain. "Biodisponibilité et dynamique de partition de métaux traces aux interphases microbiennes : effets de complexation intracellulaire et application aux biosenseurs bactériens". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0181/document.
Texto completoBioavailability of metal ions toward living organisms refers to the metal fraction they potentially adsorb and/or internalize. It is governed by the physicochemical medium composition, the nature of the biological surface considered and it is further mediated by the cellular response of the organisms. Within an environmental context, a fine understanding of the processes controlling metal biouptake is mandatory to predict bioavailability and toxicity of metallic contaminants. Here are detailed theoretical and experimental developments to broaden our knowledge on dynamic partitioning of metallic contaminants at microbial interfaces beyond the standard thermodynamic representation (BLM model). After an introduction and a state of the art section, the third chapter is devoted to the elaboration of a rationale for the evaluation of the processes governing metal biouptake under relevant out-of-equilibrium conditions. The formalism expresses the fluxes of contaminants from bulk medium to the biosurface via conductive diffusion, the biouptake and excretion fluxes with account of metal depletion kinetics in the extracellular medium. It also includes chemodynamics of intracellular metal complexation as described by a generalized Eigen scheme. In the fourth chapter, strains of \textit{Escherichia coli} were genetically modified to limit metal excretion ability and overexpress strong intracellular proteinaceous chelators. Quantitative interpretation of metal depletion kinetic data confort the bases of the theory developed in this PhD work on metal partitioning at soft charged biointerfaces. The final chapter deals with a development of a theoretical framework for understanding -on a mechanistic level- the response of metal-sensitive whole-cell bioreporters. The theory explicitly deciphers how the time derivative of bioreporters signal intensity is governed by the dynamics of metal biouptake, by the formation kinetics and stability of the intracellular complexes acting as transcriptional regulators, and by passive biosorption. The model predictions are successfully collated with cadmium detection data collected with genetically modified Escherichia coli luminescent bioreporters that exhibit various lipopolysaccharidic surface structures. The analysis dismisses the applicability of thermodynamic metal biopartitioning models and it clearly defines the physicochemical medium composition in line with optimum biosensing of the bioavailable metal fraction
De, Angelis Fabien. "Characterization of proteins involved in RND-driven heavy metal resistance systems of Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210154.
Texto completoDoctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
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Tambosi, Reem. "Stress and toxicity of metal in photosynthetic bacteria : multi-scale study of the effects and the targets of metal ions and nanoparticles Silver and Copper Acute Effects on Membrane Proteins and Impact on Photosynthetic and Respiratory Complexes in Bacteria Silver Effect on Bacterial Cell Membrane Structure Investigated by Atomic Force and Scanning Electron Microscopes Cadmium and Copper Cross-tolerance. Cu+ alleviates Cd2+ toxicity, and both cations target heme and chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway in Rubrivivax gelatinosus Additive effects of metal excess and superoxide, a highly toxic mixture in bacteria". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL070.
Texto completoThe extensive use of metal ions in industry and agriculture represents a serious threat to the environment and to all living being because of the acute toxicity of these ions. However, it can also be a promising tool, silver ions and nanoparticles are some of the most widely used metals in various industrial and health applications. The antimicrobial effect of these nanoparticles is in part related to the released Ag⁺ ions and their ability to interact with bacterial membranes. The goal of this project is to study the interaction between biological subject (the bacteria) and physical objects (metals), and more specifically to understand the impact of metals in different forms (ions, nanoparticles and nanostructures) on the growth of the bacterial cells using different approaches : physiology, biochemistry, genetics and cell biology. We used as biological models, principally the purple photosynthetic bacterium Rubrivivax (R.) gelatinosus, but also Escherichia coli; and for physical objects, we used silver as main metal but also other metals (copper, cadmium and nickel) for comparison. The main objectives are: 1- to study the impact and the mechanisms of toxicity of these metallic ions/NPs on the bacterial respiratory and photosynthesis metabolisms. 2- To identify the bacterial genes involved in response to excess silver. 3- To study the internalization and interaction of metals ions and NPs within biological membranes. The results showed that we were able to identify, both in vitro and in vivo, specific targets of Ag⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions within the membrane of bacteria. This include complexes involved in photosynthesis, but also complexes involved in respiration. Ag⁺ and Cu²⁺ were shown to specificaly target a solvent exposed bacteriochlorophyll in the light harvesting antennae of the photosystem. This also presents, in our knowledge, the first direct evidence of silver ions damages to membrane proteins involved in these metabolisms. We also carried out a microscopy (AFM/ SEM) comparative study of the effect of Ag⁺ ions or Ag-NPs synthesized in our laboratory, on the bacterial cell morphology
Zhang, Rui. "Temporal and spatial dynamics of trace metal acquisition by prokaryotic communities in the Southern Ocean". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS136.pdf.
Texto completoTrace metals such as iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu) play critical roles for the growth and metabolism of phototrophic and non-phototrophic prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms in the ocean, and thereby influence the biogeochemical cycling of major elements. While the impact of Fe limitation on phototrophic microorganisms (phytoplankton) has been extensively investigated, the links between micronutrients and heterotrophic prokaryotes remains thus far poorly studied. This thesis investigates the metabolic potential of taxonomically diverse marine microbes to acquire trace metals using a metagenomics approach and thereby provides insights into the contribution of prokaryotic taxa to the cycling of minor and major elements on temporal and spatial scales in the Southern Ocean.The objective of Chapter 1 is to study the strategy of microbes to acquire different chemical forms of Fe under seasonally changing organic carbon requirements. Based on samples obtained by a remote autonomous sampler, high-resolution seasonal metagenomics observations from the naturally Fe-fertilized region off Kerguelen Island are presented. The results show pronounced, but distinct seasonal patterns in the abundance of genes implicated in the transport of different forms of Fe and organic substrates, of siderophore biosynthesis and carbohydrate active enzymes. The seasonal dynamics suggest a temporal decoupling in the prokaryotic requirements of Fe and organic carbon during the spring phytoplankton bloom and a concerted access to these resources after the summer bloom. Taxonomic assignments revealed differences in the prokaryotic groups harboring genes of a given Fe-related category and pronounced seasonal successions were observed. The ecological strategies provide insights on how Fe could shape microbial community composition with potential implications on organic matter transformations in the Southern Ocean.The question of how the availability of trace metals selects for prokaryotic taxa and the potential feedbacks of microbial processes on the trace metal distribution in the ocean is addressed in Chapter 2. The potential reciprocal links between diverse prokaryotic taxa and Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni as well as apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) across 12 well-defined water masses in the Southern Indian Ocean (SWINGS- South West Indian Ocean GEOTRACES GS02 Section cruise) was investigated. Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) analysis reveals that the water masses are associated with particular latent vectors that are a combination of the spatial distribution of prokaryotic taxa, trace elements and AOU. This approach provides novel insights on the potential interactions between prokaryotic taxa and trace metals in relation to organic matter remineralization in distinct water masses of the ocean.In Chapter 3, genes related to trace-metal transport by the prokaryotic communities inhabiting the distinct water masses sampled during the SWINGS cruise were investigated. These results cover 42 samples collected from surface to depth at 13 stations in the Subtropical, Subantarctic, Polar Frontal and Antarctic zones. The abundance of genes associated with the transport of Fe, Mn, Ni and Cu in the free-living (<0.8 µm) and particle-attached fractions (>0.8 µm) were determined both at the community level as well as in metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs). The results reveal differences in the normalized abundance of these genes (GPM) depending on geographic location in surface waters, and among water masses at depth. These latter were particularly pronounced for transporters of siderophores, Mn, Ni and Cu. Each water mass contained a distinct set of abundant MAGs and these were found to differ in their repertoires of trace metal transporters. These observations suggest that the trace metals considered here could play distinct roles in microbial metabolism in different water masses, with potential feedbacks on their cycling in the ocean
Ngonlong, Ekende Elisabeth. "Towards a better understanding of bacterial resistance to heavy metal ions: the case of the Sil and Zne systems from Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209686.
Texto completoGaudillat, Quentin. "Polymères de coordination et métallopolymères pour l'élaboration de matériaux et surfaces antibactériens". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://indexation.univ-fcomte.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/5a9d8965-7f4d-4c00-b84c-1c53c0e9e067.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis was to develop antibacterial materials using coordination chemistry. To this end, the work was carried out along three distinct lines of research. In the first part, we synthesized coordination polymers (CPs) by self-assembly of dithioether ligands with silver(I) salts. This approach differs from previous work by using a weak Lewis acid/soft donor ligand combination. In addition to the structural characterization of these CPs, this work presents an in-depth study of their antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity. In a second part, the synthesis of carbene complexes bearing an electroactive pyrrole group and their electropolymerization to form metallopolymer films is described. This electrochemical approach to immobilize carbene complexes on substrates is highly original compared with the literature. Both the nature of the metal (Ag(I), Au(I), Rh(I), Ru(II), Cu(I)) and their content in the films result in very different antibacterial activities. These films also showed a metal-dependent response to the bacteria. Finally, in a rather atypical way, we used the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly method to functionalize titanium surfaces with CPs.The results presented here are therefore the fruit of multidisciplinary work combining organic synthesis, coordination chemistry, electrochemistry, surface chemistry and (micro)biology
Poirel, Jessica. "Réponses adaptatives des communautés bactériennes telluriques aux métaux et métalloïdes : liens avec la disponibilité des polluants métalliques dans les sols". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0164.
Texto completoArsenic is a widespread toxic metalloid which is a major issue of public health. Its presence in the environment is naturally due to the geochemical background, i.e. the weathering of parent material and volcanic eruptions, but the main contamination sources are anthropogenic activities such as mining and metalworking industry. We describe a real-time PCR assay for the quantitative detection of arsB and ACR3(1) arsenite transporter gene families, two ubiquitous and key determinants of arsenic resistance in prokaryotes. The aioA gene encoding the large subunit of arsenite-oxidase was monitored in parallel. This study aimed to determine whether diversity, abundance and expression of these arsenite efflux pumps could serve as suitable biomarkers of metalloid stress and provide means to assess the impact of contamination on soil bacterial communities. The assay was applied in batch growth experiments using a wasteland soil bacterial community as an inoculum to investigate the effect of increasing arsenic concentrations on genes and transcripts abundances. To confirm previous results, further studies on the abundance and expression of arsB and ACR3(1) in indigenous soil bacterial communities exposed to different levels of arsenic over various time periods have helped to gain a better understanding of how these genes contribute to the adaptation of the communities to arsenic stress and their role in shaping the community structure and diversity. On the other hand, metal transporting PIB-type ATPases are critical components of bacterial resistance to cadmium, zinc and lead. We therefore designed degenerate PCR primers targeting PIB-type ATPases and tested their specificity on reference strains, metal-resistant soil isolates and soil metagenomic DNA
Drozdova, Olga. "Minéralisation des colloïdes du sol par les bactéries hétérotrophes aérobies du sol". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30244.
Texto completoMultidisciplinary approach for the study of the biogeochemical cycles of the main elements in soils and waters controlled by the activity of microorganisms (by uptake/release of cells or in the process of degradation of dissolved organic matter) was used in the thesis. The innovation of this work is to study the effect of microbial activity (soil typical aerobic bacteria Pseudomonas) on the biogeochemical cycles of elements due to take place geochemical, physical, chemical and microbiological processes. The simultaneous study of the biogeochemical cycles of elements and parameters of biological activity will allow us to predict the response of natural systems to climate change and human-induced disturbance (organic or metallic contamination). Field studies were accompanied by detailed laboratory studies of the reaction mechanisms. The thesis considers to the study of physical and chemical processes using of experimental modeling of the degradation of organic matter in soil extracts and to the study of the quantitative relation between the degradation of organic matter by heterotrophic bacteria Pseudomonas and cycles elements
Ragu-Charrier, Aurélie. "Lutte contre les bactéries multirésistantes". Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA114166.
Texto completoFalla-Angel, Jaïro. "Rôle des enveloppes bactériennes dans l'accumulation des métaux (Cd2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+)". Metz, 1990. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1990/Falla_Angel.Jairo_Alberto.SMZ9011.pdf.
Texto completoMichel, Caroline. "Bioremédiation du chrome par les bactéries sulfato-réductrices". Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX11043.
Texto completoBiscéré, Tom. "Effets des métaux et des changements climatiques sur les coraux". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS382.
Texto completoCoral reefs have largely degraded in recent decades under the influence of human activities. Among those disturbances, the increase in metal concentrations affects many reefs worldwide (e.g. Australian Great Barrier Reef, Costa Rica, Red Sea, New Caledonia). Furthermore, reefs have now to face climate change, and more particularly temperature increase and ocean acidification. In this context, the aims of my thesis were to (1) determine the effects of the main metals present in lateritic sediments (iron, manganese, nickel and cobalt) on coral physiology using concentrations representative of those measured along the New Caledonian coastline, and to (2) define their potential roles in this context of climate change. My results showed that metals affect coral metabolism in different ways. While at ambient temperature, a nickel or manganese enrichment stimulates host metabolism and symbiont photosynthesis, conversely a cobalt enrichment inhibits calcification and becomes even toxic for the host and symbionts, from 1 μg L-1. Despite its importance in photosynthetic processes, an iron enrichment induces a decrease in Symbiodinium densities and an inhibition of calcification rates. Under thermal stress, manganese enhances coral tolerance to temperature increase, likely by stimulating their antioxidant defenses, while nickel worsens its effects by decreasing even more their growth. These works represent an important step towards a better understanding of coral responses to metal enrichment and would explain, to some extent, species susceptibility to climate change
Shen, Cheng. "Nouveau systèmes polymères pour la dépollution de l'eau : rétention des métaux et des bactéries". Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13386.
Texto completoBauvais, Cléa. "Diversité chimique et bactéries associées à Spongia officinalis, une éponge marine accumulatrice de métaux". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066087/document.
Texto completoThe accumulation of toxic metals in the environment is a strong environmental and health threat. Marine sponges are sessile invertebrates that actively filter the surrounding seawater.They can concentrate toxic compounds such as heavy metals (Perez et al. 2005) and are used as bioindicators of metal pollution (Patel et al. 1985). They host an important bacterial biomass (Webster and Taylor 2011), whose role in the sequestration of environmental pollutants is still unclear.Our study focused on bacteria tolerant to heavy metals (Cu2+, Pb2+, Ni2+, Zn2+) associated with the Mediterranean sponge Spongia officinalis (class: Demospongia, order Dictyoceratida,family: Spongiidae) known for its accumulation of toxic metals (Perez et al. 2005). We first developed a study of bacterial community associated with the sponge S. officinalis harvested in a metal polluted environment by the combination of cultural and molecular approaches(DGGE, CARD-FISH). The mechanisms of accumulation and/or resistance to copper of a sponge isolated strain, Pseudovibrio sp. was investigated by combined approaches of proteogenomics (two-dimensional electrophoresis, sequencing of the genome) and microscopy (scanning electron microscopy coupled with elemental analysis EDX). A final approach was developed to characterize the chemical diversity associated with this sponge and spatial and temporal variability by coupling chromatographic analysis and mass spectrometry (LC-MS, LC-MS/MS)
Le, Chevanton Myriam. "Interactions microalgues-bactéries en système expérimental bispécifique : effets sur la croissance de Dunaliella sp". Nantes, 2013. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=b967b204-5248-4e34-a25b-217885e0de8f.
Texto completoThe use of algae-bacteria mixed culture has been suggested to improve performance of industrial microalgae culture. The present study aims to investigate impact of selected bacteria on Dunaliella sp. Growth. 97 bacteria strains were isolated from a variety of marine microalgae cultures. The diversity of strains revealed members of α-and γ-proteobacteria, Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides and grampositive. A two-phase approach was then implemented to select bacteria that improve Dunaliella sp. Growth, using an original high-throughput experimental device. Although a majority of bacteria induced performance reduction for Dunaliella sp. , some resulted in significant improvements. In nitrogenlimited batch culture, the Alteromonas sp. Bacteria demonstrated a promoting effect on algal biomass accumulation and nitrogen yield. We assumed that higher culture yields were related to remineralization by Alteromonas sp of organic nitrogen released by Dunaliella sp. Conversely, in continuous culture, results suggested competition of bacteria for the limiting nitrogen. The apparent conflicting resutls between experiments may be related to balance between microalgae and bacteria populations and remaining nutrients. These results point out the potential of mixed cultures to improve Dunaliella sp. Production. They also highlight complexity of underlying phenomena and the need for further work before considering application to industrial Dunaliella sp. Production
Etienne, Mathieu. "Approches analytique et électrochimique du comportement en solution de silices mésoporeuses organiquement modifiées". Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10192.
Texto completoCourties, Alicia. "Les effets de la lumière sur le métabolisme du carbone des bactéries marines contenant la protéorhodopsine : cas d’étude en culture continue d’une Gammaprotéobactérie Photobacterium angustum S14". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066672.
Texto completoSince its discovery more than 10 years ago, there are more and more studies about proteorhodopsin. This protein seems to be significant in marine ecology considering its large global distribution among many bacterial taxa; but its role remains controversial. Although light response from proteorhodopsin-containing prokaryotes (PCPs) seems to be strain-dependent, it has been hypothesized that the main function of proteorhodopsin was to provide an advantage to PCPs during starvation conditions. In this work, we investigated the increase knowledge about the role of proteorhodopsin regarding the organic carbon utilization efficiency measured in the proteorhodopsin-containing Gammaproteobacterium (Photobacterium angustum S14) in the light compared to the dark. Carbon-limited continuous cultures have been used to mimic environmental conditions. Yields and energetic maintenance were determined according to Pirt’s model (1965) with acid pH or without supplementary pH-stress. We observed highest energetic maintenance in the dark under pH stress condition. However, when light-dark cycles were used, the energy required for bacterial maintenance was significantly decreased during all the run and nearly in the range without pH stress. Taking together, it seems that the response of P. Angustum S14 to light is more linked to the energetic balance than substrate concentration. The innovative results indicate a possible reason why many studies did not observe positive effects on bacterial growth and yield. In addition, PCP sequencing was performed to confirm these conclusions at a more large taxa scale
Jeanthon, Christian. "Bactéries hétérotrophes associées aux Alvinellidae inféodés aux sources hydrothermales profondes (13oN) : comportement vis-à-vis des métaux lourds". Brest, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BRES2002.
Texto completoSimon-Deckers, Angélique. "Effets biologiques de nanoparticules manufacturées : influence de leurs caractéristiques". Paris, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/4918/01/Thèse_Angélique_SIMON-DECKERS.pdf.
Texto completoLimonet, Maxime. "Interactions entre peptides biocides et membranes bactériennes : influence des deux mésentérocines produites par Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp : mesenteroides FR52 sur des souches cibles sensibles ou résistantes des genres Leuconostoc et Weissella". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPL064N.
Texto completoNeto, Manuelle. "Scénarios de gestion de boues de dragage de cours d'eau : rôle des bactéries dans la mobilité des polluants métalliques". Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0032/these.pdf.
Texto completoWithin the framework of an environment ecocompatibility evaluation this study will contribute to the choice of sediment management (resuspension and levelling along the bank). In the dredging spoil, heavy metals are stained to particles. Comparison between discharge biotic and sterilized by gamma rays allows to study the role of bacteria in heavy metal mobility. With microorganisms, aggregates have higher size. Settling, predominant in the dredge by resuspension, showed in presence of bacteria, a rapidly settling of particles (with heavy metals associated). Seepage, predominant in the dredge by levelling the sediment along the bank, showed, in presence of microorganisms, less particles and associated metals go through the sand, due to the rapid settling of aggregates and their larger size with microorganisms. The main role of bacteria is played in aggregation, as cement between particles where metals are associated and consequently less heavy metals in the water column and in the eluate
Battaglia-Brunet, Fabienne. "Microflore bactérienne des milieux riches en métaux et métalloïdes". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00628067.
Texto completoGammoudi, Ibtissem. "Biocapteur à base de bactéries pour le contrôle environnemental". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14535.
Texto completoOur works aim the study of an ultra-sensitive bacteria-based biosensor for the detection of heavy metals (environmental control). They include the development of impedimetric and of Love acoustic wave devices, both associated with a microfluidic chip and functionalized with Escherichia coli immobilized on a polyelectrolyte multilayer deposited by the method "Layer by Layer." The theoretical study of physico-chemical interactions and biological phenomena involved during the steps of functionalization of the sensor surface, and during its application to the detection of cadmium and mercury, is also addressed through the real-time monitoring by the acoustic sensor and by atomic force microscopy in air or liquid medium. Detection threshold better than10-12M within only a few minutes have been observed
Eshghi, Malayeri Behrouz. "Décontamination des sols contenant des métaux lourds à l'aide de plantes et de microorganismes". Nancy 1, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1995_0353_ESHGHI_MALAYERI.pdf.
Texto completoJomini, Stéphane. "Effets des nanoparticules de dioxyde de titane sur les bactéries : de la cellule à la communauté". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0098/document.
Texto completoNanoparticles have either natural or anthropogenic origin. By technological change, man produces increasing amounts of nanoparticles likely to end in the environment. To prevent inherent risks to human health or environment from these releases, it is necessary to characterize the best potential effects of nanoparticles and to identify the mechanisms governing their interactions with exposed organisms. In this context, the first objective of this work was to highlight the mechanisms governing interactions between nanoparticles and bacteria and document the influence of these interactions on toxicity and genotoxicity of NPs for bacteria. The second objective was to determine how this toxicity and genotoxicity could impact bacteria at community level. Results showed that electrostatic attractive interaction between bacteria and TiO2-NPs conditioned adsorption of nanoparticles on bacterial surfaces and led to the detection of toxicity modulated by electrolytes in solution. In addition, the biophysical determinants of bacterial interphase, particularly the length of LPS and protein type flush with the outer membrane surface, are key parameters in adverse potential of NPs for microorganisms. Taking into account these interactions, we highlighted the mutagenic potential of TiO2-NPs. Toxic and genotoxic effect was found, leading to study the effects on bacterial communities. It has been demonstrated that TiO2-NPs altered the composition, structure and prevalence of planktonic and sessile communities of an aquatic natural freshwater. These studies highlight the potential impact of TiO2-NPs on bacteria in a risk assessment context and suggest that nanoparticles may impact microbial communities and could present a risk to the ecosystem functioning
Caland, Fabrice. "Décomposition tensorielle de signaux luminescents émis par des biosenseurs bactériens pour l'identification de Systèmes Métaux-Bactéries". Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00934507.
Texto completoMaestre, Philippe. "Métaux redox (cuivre, fer) et production de radicaux hydroxyles. Application à la cytotoxicité des quinones". Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30211.
Texto completoMouabad, Abdelfattah. "Toxicité comportementale et physiologique (filtration, respiration) des métaux lourds (Cu, Zn, Hg, Cd et Pb) chez la moule d'eau douce Dreissena polymorpha pallas : proposition d'un protocole d'essai pour l'évaluation de la toxicité par la réponse comportementale de Dreissena". Metz, 1991. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1991/Mouabad.Abdelfattah.SMZ918.pdf.
Texto completoThe study deals with the effetcts of subletal concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Hg, Cd, Pb) on the pumping behaviour and physiological functions (filtration rate, oxygen consumption) of the freshwater mussel Dreissena polymorpha. A preliminary study, carried out to screen the letal effects, showed that the LC 50-96 h is 0,191mg/l for Cu, 0,420 mg/l for Hg and above 14 mg/l for Cd. Zn has no letal effect in a 96 h exposure. In a 24h exposure, subletal concentrations of metals induce deep changes in the pumping activity of Dreissena. Pumping flow becomes intermittence and valve closure in enhanced. The effects are concentration dependent. Metals can be classified in a decreasing order of toxicity as following : Hg, Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn. In view of its good sensitivity, the behavioural response of Dreissena is proposed as a tool for the screening of toxicity in freshwaters. The detection limits set for metals are (in mg/l) : 0, 010 for Hg, 0,015 for Cu, 0,100 for Cd, 0,200 for Zn and 0,400 for Pb. In exposures of 48 h and 1 week, metals significantly reduce the filtration rate of Dreissena. Order of toxicity is the same as for behaviour. The oxygen consumption study showed that it is increased by Zn and reduced by Cu and Hg. No effect was obtained with Cd and Pb. Integration of the physiological effects was undertaken for Cd (0,005 to 0,045 mg/l) and Cu (0,004 to 0,044 mg/l) in a 4 weeks exposure. Results show that the Scope for Growth in not impaired by Cd whereas Cu reduces it. The usefulness of the studied physiological functions as criteria for the chronic toxicity testing is discussed
Bullard, Julie. "Interactions de bactéries lactiques productrices d'exoploysaccharides et effets sur les propriétés rhéologiques du yogourt". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28748/28748.pdf.
Texto completoGardin, Elise. "Etude des interactions bactéries-surfaces et des effets sur la passivation des aciers inoxydables". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEC009.
Texto completoStainless steels have a high corrosion resistance thanks to the formation of an oxide layer at their surface, commonly referred to as the passive film, which is a few nanometers thick and composed mainly of Fe(III) and Cr(III) oxides and/or hydroxides. However, in aggressive environments, the stability of the oxide layer can be compromised, which can initiate corrosion phenomena (localized or general). For example, in presence of microorganisms, and more particularly of bacteria, bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation at the surface can lead to the initiation and/or the acceleration of corrosion processes: this is referred to as biocorrosion. In this work, we first characterized the oxide layer formed at the surface of 2304 duplex stainless steel by a coupling of fine surface analysis techniques (XPS and ToF-SIMS). We showed differences in the chemical composition of the surface on each phase of the duplex alloy. We then characterized the surface of the duplex alloy during the adhesion of marine aerobic bacteria Pseudoalteromonas NCIMB 2021 in marine medium by a coupling of microscopic characterization techniques (epifluorescence microscopy, SEM and AFM), fine surface analysis techniques (XPS and ToF-SIMS) and electrochemical techniques (open circuit potential monitoring, anodic and cathodic polarization curves). In particular, we showed that biofilm formation is accompanied by modifications of the oxide layer
Gammoudi, Ibtissem. "Biocapteur à base de bactéries pour le contrôle environnemental". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00985827.
Texto completoRinskopf, Nathalie. "Etude ab initio des effets de corrélation et des effets relativistes dans les halogénures diatomiques de métaux de transition". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210678.
Texto completoPour étudier ces molécules, nous avons appliqué une procédure de calcul à deux étapes qui permet de tenir compte des effets de corrélation électronique et des effets relativistes. Dans la première étape, nous avons réalisé des calculs CASSCF/ICMRCI+Q de grande taille qui tiennent compte de l'énergie de corrélation et introduisent des effets relativistes scalaires. Dans la deuxième étape, le couplage spin-orbite est traité par la "state interacting method" implémentée dans le logiciel MOLPRO. Nous avons développé des stratégies de calcul basées sur ces méthodes de calcul et adaptées aux différentes molécules ciblées. Ainsi, pour les molécules NbCl et TaCl, nous avons utilisé des pseudopotentiels relativistes scalaires et spin-orbite, tandis que pour la molécule NiF, nous avons réalisé des calculs tous électrons.
Nous avons d'abord testé la stratégie de calcul sur les cations Nb+ et Ta+. Ensuite, nous avons calculé pour la première fois les structures électroniques relativiste scalaire et spin-orbite des molécules NbCl (de 0 à 17000 cm-1) et TaCl (de 0 à 23000 cm-1). A l'aide de ces données théoriques, nous avons interprété les spectres expérimentaux en collaboration avec Bernath et al. Nous avons proposé plusieurs attributions de transitions électroniques en accord avec l'expérience mais nos résultats théoriques ne nous ont pas permis de les attribuer toutes. Néanmoins, nous avons mis en évidence une série d'autres transitions électroniques probables qui pourraient, à l'avenir, servir à l'interprétation de nouveaux spectres mieux résolus.
Outre son intérêt expérimental, cette étude a permis de comparer les structures électroniques des molécules isovalencielles VCl, NbCl et TaCl, mettant en évidence des différences importantes.
L'élaboration d'une nouvelle stratégie de calcul pour décrire les systèmes contenant l'atome de nickel représentait un véritable défi en raison de la complexité des effets de corrélation électronique. Notre stratégie de calcul a consisté à introduire ces effets en veillant à réduire au maximum la taille des calculs qui devenait considérable.
Nous l'avons testée sur l'atome Ni et appliquée ensuite au calcul des structures électroniques relativiste scalaire et spin-orbite de la molécule NiF entre 0 à 2500 cm-1. Nous avons obtenus des résultats qui corroborent l'expérience.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Kamecki-Duriez, Luce. "Développement d'un nouveau test de détection par fluorimétrie des bactéries sulfato-réductrices du genre Desulfovibrio : évaluation en laboratoire des moyens de lutte chimique contre l'activité de ces bactéries en biocorrosion". Compiègne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989COMPD184.
Texto completoBertholle, Fabien. "Milli-fluidique digitale pour la microbiologie". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066368.
Texto completoSchaefer, Sébastien. "Effets du dopage d'adsorbants nanoporeux par des métaux ou des semi-métaux nanodispersés sur leurs performances en stockage d'hydrogène par sorption". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0123/document.
Texto completoIn this PhD work, microporous carbonaceous materials decorated with metallic nanoparticles were developed in order to study the effect of nanodispersed metals on hydrogen sorption properties. Bio-sourced precursors such as sucrose, mimosa tannins or even rice straw have been used in order to promote eco-friendly, sustainable and innovating ways of synthesis. The use of hydrothermal pretreatment on tannins or sucrose allowed obtaining hydrochars that have been chemically or physically activated. Depending on synthesis parameters, these syntheses allowed to produce materials with controlled porosity. Then, the hydrogen adsorption properties of these materials were evaluated at ambient temperature as well as their textural properties. The main interest of this work was to propose a coupling between hydrogen sorption properties, from low to high pressure, and the textural properties. The textural properties were modelized using theoretical tools such as the DFT (Density Functionnal Theory). The use the different precursors and of decoration steps using supercritical carbon dioxide or hydrothermal synthesis, during which ones metallic or nitrogen containing precursors were used, allowed to obtain nickel, nitrogen or silicon doped materials without using harmful organic solvents. Finally, the decorrelation of the different adsorption contributions gave the possibility to detect and quantify the hydrogen fractions engaged in different processes such as physisorption, chemisorption and spillover. Polarized or enhanced physisorption was also detected using the same methods
Valette, Stéphane. "Effets thermiques dus à l'interaction laser-matière dans les métaux en régime femtoseconde". Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004642.
Texto completoSyakti, Agung Dhamar. "Biotransformation des hydrocarbures pétroliers et effets sur les acides gras phospholipidiques de bactéries hydrocarbonoclastes marines". Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX30017.
Texto completoSome petroleum hydrocarbons such as n-eicosane, phenanthrene, and a crude oil (BAL 250) were used as model organic contaminants to study the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine sedimentary bacterial compartment. The focus of this study is on the fate of the contaminants, microbial growth, phospholipid ester-linked fatty acid quantification and also their modification as a response to hydrocarbons contamination. Laboratory (in vitro) and fields (in situ) experiments were conducted to obtain information on the effect of petroleum hydrocarbons on the phospholipidic composition of sedimentary marine bacteria. A particular interest was also given to laboratory microcosms. We conclude that microbial communities modify their structure resulting from an artificial contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons. These modifications are related to a high biotransformation activity when contaminant was applied, and are followed by an increase in microbial biomass of hydrocarbonoclastic and non-hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria
Sales-Duval, Muriel. "Effets des interdépendances nutritionnelles entre bactéries protéolytiques sur l'efficacité de la protéolyse dans le rumen". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL137N.
Texto completoChardin, Bruno. "Bioremédiation du chrome et de l'arsenic par les bactéries sulfato-réductrices : effets sur le métabolisme". Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX11057.
Texto completoLemarchand, Sophie. "Réduction de la teneur en acide phytique du son de blé : effets des bactéries lactiques". Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1175.
Texto completoGalperine, Tatiana Katérina. "Les infections à aeromonas : étude retrospective à partir de 71 souches diagnostiquées au CHU de Bordeaux entre 1996 et 1999". Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR23082.
Texto completoGelabert, Alexandre. "Caractérisation physico-chimique des interactions métaux-diatomées". Toulouse 3, 2005. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2165/.
Texto completoThe aim of this experimental study was to characterize the interactions between metals and diatom cell walls. Spectroscopic measurements, FT-IR and XPS, in combination with titrations and electrokinetic experiments allowed the construction of a surface thermodynamic model for diatoms. Complexation between metal cations Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+ and diatom cell walls were investigated by adsorption experiments as a function of pH and a surface complexation model was developed. It indicates i) that siliceous frustule plays a minor rule during adsorption process and ii) metal complexation is governed by carboxylic groups from the surface in agreement with XAFS determination for zinc adsorption. Isotopic measurements for zinc indicate an isotopic fractionation induced by diatom cells
Aries, Eric. "Effets des hydrocarbures pétroliers sur la composition lipidique de bactéries sédimentaires marines et de sédiments marins". Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30025.
Texto completoFew informations exists on the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on the marine sedimentary bacterial compartment. The methodology widely used to assess the structure of sedimentary bacteria communities and to estimate bacterial biomass consists in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of fatty acids linked to polar compounds (PCFA) from marine sediments. This methodology was employed to (i) study in vitro effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on the phospholipid ester-linked fatty acids (PLFA) compositions of hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial and (ii) study PCFA compositions of marine sediment (Gulf of Fos, France) artificially contamined by a crude oil but also those of marine sediments either non-contamined by petroleum hydrocarbons. In vitro approach showed that hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria modified their PLFA compositions when using petroleum hydrocarbons as sole carbon source, in comparison with cultures on ammonium acetate. Petroleum hydrocarbons induced the appearance of signific and levels of (i) branched fatty acids in positions 10-, 11, - 12- and 13-, (ii) odd-numbered monounsatured fatty acid with 15, 17 and 19 carbon atoms and (iii) odd-numbered branched and monounsatured fatty acids with 17 and 19 carbons atoms. Those results led to identify several potential markers of hydrocarbonoclastic bacterial activity and to define an index which might be used in situ to follow the restauration of sediments contaminated by hydrocarbons
Abouchacra, Georges. "Contribution à l'étude des effets d'implantation de métaux nobles (Au, Ag, Cu) dans MgO". Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10055.
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