Tesis sobre el tema "Bactéries associées"
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Bertaux, Joanne. "Détection et caractérisation des bactéries intracellulaires associées au champignon ectomycorhizien Laccaria bicolor S238N". Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10165.
Texto completoLaccaria bicolor S238N is an ectomycorrhizal fungus used commercially in France for controlled mycorrhization. During the production of the inoculum in fermentor, bacterial contaminations occur recurrently. Fluorescent in situ hybridization associated with confocal microscopy has allowed to detect several types of intracellular bacteria in the pure cultures of the fungus. Most of these endobacteria belong to the Firmicutes. Some have been identified as Paenibacilli, and belong to the same species as bacteria isolated from a L. Bicolor S238N culture in fermentor. In contrast, in non axenic mycelium samples such as mycorrhizas, endobacteria affiliated to the a-proteobacteria were detected. Since some observations suggest that the endobacteria sometimes colonize live fungal cells, it could be a case of bacterial endosymbiosis
Bauvais, Cléa. "Diversité chimique et bactéries associées à Spongia officinalis, une éponge marine accumulatrice de métaux". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066087/document.
Texto completoThe accumulation of toxic metals in the environment is a strong environmental and health threat. Marine sponges are sessile invertebrates that actively filter the surrounding seawater.They can concentrate toxic compounds such as heavy metals (Perez et al. 2005) and are used as bioindicators of metal pollution (Patel et al. 1985). They host an important bacterial biomass (Webster and Taylor 2011), whose role in the sequestration of environmental pollutants is still unclear.Our study focused on bacteria tolerant to heavy metals (Cu2+, Pb2+, Ni2+, Zn2+) associated with the Mediterranean sponge Spongia officinalis (class: Demospongia, order Dictyoceratida,family: Spongiidae) known for its accumulation of toxic metals (Perez et al. 2005). We first developed a study of bacterial community associated with the sponge S. officinalis harvested in a metal polluted environment by the combination of cultural and molecular approaches(DGGE, CARD-FISH). The mechanisms of accumulation and/or resistance to copper of a sponge isolated strain, Pseudovibrio sp. was investigated by combined approaches of proteogenomics (two-dimensional electrophoresis, sequencing of the genome) and microscopy (scanning electron microscopy coupled with elemental analysis EDX). A final approach was developed to characterize the chemical diversity associated with this sponge and spatial and temporal variability by coupling chromatographic analysis and mass spectrometry (LC-MS, LC-MS/MS)
Dussart-Baptista, Ludivine. "Transport des particules en suspension et des bactéries associées dans l'aquifère crayeux karstique haut-normand". Rouen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ROUES035.
Texto completoIn the heart of the regional concerns, the problems of water turbidity occurring in the drinking water supply systems cause a great interest at an economic and sanitary point of view, and consequently give place to many studies. One of the objectives of this study was to evaluate the sanitary significance of the water turbidity and bioindicator concentration. The origin of the turbid events and the nature of the discharged materials were also investigated. In this aim, relations between the turbidity and the concentration of planktonic and sessile bacteria were analysed on the karstified site of Norville that comprises a sinkhole, a spring and a well-bore working chalk waters under alluvium. This original approach, that associated hydrogeological and microbiological measurements, allowed (i) to show that transfer and/or storage of bacterial populations within the karstified system are dependent of the previous hydrological events and (ii) to evaluate the influence of the well-bore exploitation on the deterioration of the water quality. Moreover, the recurring presence in the karstified system of a bacterial species (Pseudomonas oryzihabitans) that was always associated with suspended particles, and its high resistance to chlorine in the sessile status, questioned on the biofilm sanitary risk
Gornard, Sophie. "Isolement et caractérisation de bactéries marines associées à l'algue brune Ascophyllum nodosum pour la dépolymérisation enzymatique du fucane". Paris 13, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA132031.
Texto completoFucan constituted of sulfated L-fucose is extracted from brown seaweeds. Since 1987, this bioactive polysaccharide is studied by the Unity of Marine research n°2 constituted of the Research Laboratory on Macromolecules (CNRS, Paris 13) and IFREMER (Nantes). Currently its properties have never been used for therapeutic purposes. This is partly due to the lack of knowledge about its fine structure and moleculary mecanisms responsible for its activities. The aim of this work was to develoop enzymes for the characterisation of the structure of fucan. The Seaweed Manufacturing Technology Center, inclined to diversify its production of oligosaccharides, made its technical means available for this research about bacterial enzymes able to degrade fucan. Our research enable us to find two bacteria called B and C and associated to the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum, able to degrade fucan. We optimized their culture conditions and their storage. Then we found that these bacteria belonging to the Flavobacteriaceae correspond to two new bacterial species. These bacteria produce an extracellular sulfatase activity and extracellular enzymes responsible for fucan degradation. The fucanase activity of the bacteria B could have an exolytic mecanism and the fucanase activity of the bacteria C could be endolytic. The grade of activity of the extracellular enzymes was low. So we look for intracellular and periplasmic enzymes associated to the bacteria C. The results let us thinks that the fucanase activity of this bacteria could be intracellular and could have a periplasmic localisation. The characterisation of these enzymes should be continued. The purified enzymes should indeed be useful for the understanding of biological properties of the fucan. They could also enable a selective depolymerisation of this polysaccharide
Jeanthon, Christian. "Bactéries hétérotrophes associées aux Alvinellidae inféodés aux sources hydrothermales profondes (13oN) : comportement vis-à-vis des métaux lourds". Brest, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BRES2002.
Texto completoNoël, Alba. "Obtention de composés azotés bioactifs d'origine naturelle : étude de biotransformation par des bactéries associées aux lichens". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S127/document.
Texto completoNew advances in anti-cancer therapeutic are today more than necessary. It is also well establish that amongst bioactive natural compounds, nitrogen compounds are widely represented and that, in all therapeutic classes. Thus, these works are focused on obtaining bioactive nitrogen compounds from natural sources targeting cytotoxic products. This work is divided in three parts. First of all, we chose to study bacterial strains associated with lichen. Indeed, lichens are a complex symbiotic network of great interest for the discovery of new bacterial strains. Especially for strains with a great biotechnological potential particularly in the production of compounds of interest. At first, culture conditions of an Actinobacteria, Nocardia sp, isolated from a lichen, Collema auriforme, were optimised in order to produce cytotoxic compounds. Secondly, the study of the secondary metabolites patterns of this strain allows the isolation of 13 nitrogen compounds, including 2 brominated diketopiperazines which are newly described, along with purine and pyrimidine derivatives. Finally, a targeting work of bioactive compounds was realised by establishing molecular networking and multivariate analysis of mass spectrometry data, highlighting molecules potentially responsible for activity. The second part of this work bring some answers about the nature of the relationship between bacteria and lichen, by observing effect of some lichen compounds on bacterial growth and metabolism as well as studying the biotransformation potential of three lichen-associated bacteria (a Firmicutes, an beta-proteobacteria and an Actinobacteria). All selected strains showed ability for the biotransformation of tested lichen compounds (usnic acid and methyl-beta-orcinolcarboxylate). Finally, the third part of this work describes a new method for obtaining bioactive nitrogen compounds by a synthetic way. Thus, a novel synthesis method of bgugaine, coniine and tylophorine was studied and led to N-Boc-2-heptylpyrrolidine, showing the possibility to synthesize pyrrolidine alkaloids and to consider the synthesis of selected targets
Tieng, Vannary. "Molécules du CMH, bactéries et auto-immunité : contributions à l'étude des arthrites associées à HLA-B27". Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077186.
Texto completoKhelissa, Simon Oussama. "Caractérisation des propriétés physiologiques associées aux cellules détachées de biofilms et étude des interactions aux interfaces entre bactéries et matériaux : cas de Staphylococcus aureus et Pseudomonas aeruginosa". Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10195.
Texto completoThe biofilm formation in food and medical sectors represents a significant source of foodborne and nosocomial diseases. Bacteria structured in biofilm can detach and colonize new surfaces. The microbiological risk associated with biofilm-detached bacteria is poorly studied. On one hand, the thesis concerned the study of growth conditions effect on the bacterial surface physicochemical properties as well as the adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm-detached and planktonic cells to stainless steel (SS) and polycarbonate (PC). The pathogenicity of both bacterial populations has also been studied. The results showed that the conditions and the mode of growth influence the surface properties and consequently the adhesion of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa on the SS and the PC. In addition, growth temperature, surface type and physiological age of bacterial cells significantly influence their production of virulence factors and their cytotoxicity towards HeLa cells. On the other hand, the effect of growth temperature on the resistance of biofilm-detached and planktonic cells to benzalkonium chloride (BAC) was assessed. In order to understand the mechanisms of resistance at the cellular level, bacterial membrane damage associated with BAC was assessed by the efflux of intracellular K+ ions. In addition, the membrane fluidity of bacterial populations was characterized through the study of membrane fatty acid profiles. The results showed that resistance to BAC depends on the temperature and physiological state of the studied bacteria
Louesdon, Séverine. "Amélioration de la stabilité biologique de bactéries lactiques et bifidobactéries lyophilisées et caractérisation des réponses physiologiques associées". Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGPT0034.
Texto completoIndustrial starter’s production requires a stabilization step that affects the quality of the cells. This phenomenon is closely linked to the used species and strains, and depends on the procedures applied during the production process. In this context, this thesis aims at improving the performances of Lactobacillus buchneri R1102 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 during freeze-drying and storage, and to identify the corresponding physiological responses.In the first part of this work, the effect of the harvesting time on membrane characteristics and industrial performances of Lb. buchneri R1102 and B. longum R0175 has been analyzed. Harvesting the cells in stationary phase led to a better tolerance during freezing of B. longum R0175 but did not allow the maintenance of elevated acidification activity for Lb. buchneri R1102. These results have been related to a rigidification of the membrane and to an increase of the proportion of saturated and cyclic fatty acids in cellular membranes of cells recovered in stationary growth phase.In a second step, cells of Lb. buchneri R1102 have been submitted to different conditions of osmotic stress in order to improve their performances. An osmotic stress with 0.1 M KCl increased the cells survival during freeze-drying, without changing their membrane characteristics. In addition, adding 0.6 M KCl in the beginning of the fermentation improved the survival during storage on freeze-dried form. This phenomenon was explained by a rigidification of the membrane that was linked to an increase of cyclic fatty acids content and intracellular betaine concentration.The third part was devoted to the study of the effect of various gaseous atmospheres during the cultures, on the physiological state and the performances of Lb. buchneri R1102 and B. longum R0175. For Lb. buchneri R1102, aeration (air at 1.2 vvm) significantly accelerated the growth and the final cell concentration by increasing membrane fluidity and by directing metabolic flux towards acetate production. Conversely, adding nitrogen or the gas mixture N2H2 delayed the fermentations by decreasing redox potential. Lastly, injecting different gases (air, N2, N2H2) decreased acidification activity Lb. buchneri R1102 but increased its survival during storage, as a result of modifications of fatty acids composition and proteins synthesis. For B. longum R0175, a higher cell concentration was obtained when the culture medium was bubbled with N2 or N2CO2 at the beginning of the fermentation. In addition, acidification activity of these starters was well maintained for all tested conditions, which was linked to an increase of unsaturated and cyclic fatty acids proportion, but without any change in membrane fluidity. Lastly, a better cell survival was obtained for cells grown with N2CO2 all along the fermentation.Finally, this work is concluded finish with the validation, at pilot scale, of the conditions leading to an improvement of the biological stability of freeze-dried starters, while maintaining their performances during fermentation
Croué, Julie. "Bactéries associées à l'éponge Méditerranéenne Crambe crambe : diversité et possible rôle dans la biosynthèse des alcaloïdes guanidiniques". Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066244/document.
Texto completoCrambe crambe (Schmidt, 1862), is a marine sponge widely distributed in the Mediterranean Sea and known toproduce bioactive guanidine alkaloids (crambescins and crambescidins). While the biosynthetic pathways ofthese metabolites remains unknown, bio-mimetic chemical synthesis of crambescidins suggested a possiblecontribution of microorganisms in their biosynthesis. Contrastingly, it had been reported via electron microscopythat bacteria were absent in the tissues of this sponge. Thus to shed light onto these contrasting results I studiedthe microbial community associated with C. crambe using alternative approaches. Using molecular andmicroscopic techniques, we demonstrated that a single bacterial species affiliated to the Betaproteobacteria ispresent in abundances commonly found in low microbial abundance sponges, and dominates the bacterialcommunity associated with C. crambe. This finding suggests a possible implication of bacteria the biosynthesisof C. crambe’s guanidine alkaloids. The use of acclimatization procedure and diverse cultivation approachesallowed the isolation of associated microorganisms which were rare or absent among the community describedvia tag pyrosequencing but not isolation of the dominant betaproteobacterium. CLHP/DAD/ELSD andCLHP/ESIMS fingerprints of extracts from C. crambe and from the isolated bacteria showed no evidence of theimplication of these cultured micro-organismes in the synthesis of C. crambe’s metabolites. Finally in order toevaluate the potential role of the uncultivated betaproteobacterial symbiont in the biosynthesis of guanidiniumalkaloids, preliminary experiments using two alternative approaches were attempted. In the first I subjectedsponges to a pH stress and evaluated changes in secondary metabolite profiles, while collecting samples formicrobial community analysis. In the second I tried different mass spectrometry imaging techniques to localizeguanidinium alkaloids in C. crambe tissues. While these experiments did not allow to resolve the question of apossible implication of the dominant betaproteobacterium in the biosynthesis of the pentacyclic guanidinealkaloids, I was able to gather interesting results that will guide future studies towards resolving this question
Waseem, Muhammad. "Biodiversité et stratégies adaptatives des bactéries mycorhizosphériques associées aux Tristaniopsis spp. dans les écosystèmes ultramafiques de Nouvelle-Calédonie". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20220.
Texto completoNew Caledonian ultramafic (serpentine) ecosystems are considered as hotspots of biodiversity, partly because of the adaptative pressure exerted by drastic edaphic conditions. Indeed these soils resulting from natural weathering of oceanic mantle could be composed of up to 85 % of iron oxides and are deficient in N.P.K., unbalance for the Ca/Mg ratio and rich in heavy metals Ni, Cr, Mn, Co. Both plant and soil microbes play a vital role in the adaptation to soil conditions mainly heavy metal uptake and tolerance. In our study, we choose endemic species of the genus Tristaniopsis (Myrtaceae) as model plant to study the role of ectomycorrhizal fungi and associated bacteria in plant adaptation to nickel. To investigate the effect of ultramafic soils on ectomycorrhiza and mycorrhizosphere bacteria diversities as well as on the genetic determinants of resistance/adaptation of associated mycorrhizosphere bacteria, 200 ectomycorrhizas were sampled from four different ultramafic sites (3 in Koniambo and 1 in Desmazures forest) vs two non-ultramafic ones from volcano-sedimentary soils (Arama). Molecular characterization of ectomycorrhiza (rRNA ITS) and associated mycorrhizosphere bacteria (16S rRNA) from these samples showed the presence of different fungi (Pisolithus albus, Russula spp., Boletellus spp.) and bacteria (Burkholderia spp., Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp.) that can be found in both soils. However, bacteria isolated from ultramafic soils could grow in the presence of Ni up to 20 mmol L-1 and contained cnrA and nreB genes, known to confer heavy metal tolerance, contrary to bacteria isolated from non-ultramafic soils. Moreover, we found a strong positive correlation between heavy metal tolerance and P-solubilizing ability. Further knowledge on functional diversity of ectomycorrhiza-mycorrhizosphere bacteria associations and its role in the adaptation of plants to ultramafic soils would help in the understanding of plant functioning on New Caledonian mine sites
Rolhion, Nathalie. "Pouvoir d'adhésion et d'invasion des souches AIEC associées à la maladie de Crohn : facteurs de virulence et régulation de leur expression". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF1MM09.
Texto completoTécher, Didier. "Réhabilitation de sols pollués par des HAP grâce aux bactéries associées à la rhizosphère de Miscanthus X giganteus". Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ047S/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this work was to investigate the potential of Miscanthus x giganteus (MxG) for PAH polluted soils remediation and fly ash revegetation. In vitro studies through microplate assays demonstrated the contribution of MxG root exudates and particularly of quercetin (following the identification of root secondary metabolites) to the selective biostimulation of PAH-degrading bacteria. To get insights into bioremediation processes and rhizosphere effects on soil quality, microcosm experiments were conducted at a laboratory scale, using artificially reconstituted soils and collected industrial soils. On the one hand, significant dissipations of four-ring PAH were noticed in the rhizosphere of contaminated soils. On the other hand, significant organic carbon and nitrite inputs could be measured in fly ash, indicating a “restart” of nitrogen cycle and suggesting an enhancement of fly ash weathering processes in the long term. Besides, the development of a soil nucleic acid extraction and purification method permitted to study the evolution of bacterial community diversity in all types of soils, based on PCR-TTGE of eubacterial 16S rDNA. Specific enrichments of bacterial phylotypes could be reported in rhizoplanes, confirming root-associated processes on the selection of soil bacterial communities. Finally, plant adaptation to the broad range of studied substrates in situ lead us to suggest that MxG cultivation could be an effective strategy for a new system of sustainable agricultural activities in wasteland soils
Michon, Anne-Laure. "Les témoins de l'adaptation des bactéries pathogènes opportunistes associées à la mucoviscidose : des opérons ribosomiques aux implications thérapeutiques". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON13501/document.
Texto completoBacterial microbiotae and human beings developed mutualist interactions. All disrupting factors impacting this equilibrium can modify relationships among microbiota members with diverse consequences. In such an unstable context, opportunistic bacterial pathogens (OBPs) of endogenous or environmental origin showing great adaptability may find favorable conditions leading to ecological niche extension or to new niche colonization. This is illustrated by the diversity of atypical bacteria as well as by genetic and genomic evolution of members of the cystic fibrosis (CF) respiratory tract (CFRT) microbiota. The deficit in local innate immunity allowed colonization by endogenous and exogenous bacteria that will further develop adaptation processes to this particular ecological niche. The aim of this study was to evaluate phenotypic, genetic and genomic potential adaptation markers in different models of OBPs, particularly in CF. For this purpose, we described the variability in the multiple rrs gene copies using PCR and temperature-based denaturing electrophoresis (PCR-TTGE) on large collections of Veillonella (n=149) and Achromobacter xylosoxidans (n=164), as well as on isolates of six other species involved in the CFRT colonization (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pneumoniae). Genome dynamics of 90 isolates from 12 patients chronically colonized by A. xylosoxidans was studied by PCR-TTGE, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis after pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and PCR on repetitive sequences. Finally, the effect of environmental stress was evaluated on part of the growing CF microbiota and a thorough study of NaCl effect on 85 CF P. aeruginosa isolates was performed.These different approaches highlight: i) the intragenomic heterogeneity of the rrs gene copies in Veillonella (74% of isolates), H. influenzae (61%), S. maltophilia (38%), A. xylosoxidans (28%), and S. aureus (17%), ii) a clonal chronic colonization with A. xylosoxidans in 12 CF patients associated with rrs genetic and/or genomic intra-clonal evolution, iii) the effect of environmental stress such as salinity, pH and temperature on the CFRT microbiota, iv) the antimicrobial effect of NaCl on CF P. aeruginosa isolates, a 6% NaCl concentration inhibiting the growth of all the isolates and a bactericidal action being observed for 90% of the isolates with 10% NaCl, v) multiple effects of NaCl on growth, biofilm and mobility of P. aeruginosa. This study shows that rrs genes and genome dynamics witness for bacterial adaptability within microbiota according to environmental constraints and underlines the diversity and importance of adaptation processes in the long-term pathological adapted microbial communities of the CFRT. Modification of environmental factors such as salinity or pH of the CFRT niche may impact the microbiota and should be considered as targets for CF therapeutics
Petit, Morgan. "Induction de processus photodégradatifs dans les bactéries associées aux phytodétritus : implications sur le transfert de matière organique dans l'océan". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4084/document.
Texto completoInduced photo-oxidation processes were studied in the laboratory under controlled conditions using non- axenic senescent cultures of several phytoplankton strains. The monitoring of the cis- vaccenic acid (bacterial marker) degradation allowed us to confirm the existence of a 1O2 flow from phytodetritus to the attached bacteria and to highlight a significant correlation between the photodegradation state of bacteria and chlorophyll a (photosensitizer) concentration in phytoplankton cells. We also demonstrated that photoproducts formed, within bacteria and phytoplankton (hydroperoxyacids), were rapidly degraded under our experimental conditions into corresponding ketoacids and hydroxyacids. The effect of siliceous and carbonate matrices (mineral polar medium) on the efficiency of singlet oxygen transfer from phytodetritus to the attached bacteria was also studied. Results showed that, in contrast to the carbonate matrix (coccoliths) of coccolithophorids, siliceous matrix (frustules) of diatoms, strongly inhibited the transfer of 1O2, thus limiting the photodegradation of attached bacteria. The study of the effects of 1O2 on the dynamics of bacterial communities attached to phytodetritus showed that nearly 90 % of attached bacteria were killed in a culture of E. huxleyi in late stationary phase and showed that living bacteria were dominated by pigmented bacteria whose resistance toward 1O2 results likely from their high carotenoid contents. DGGE and lipid tracer analyses showed that bacterial diversity was significantly affected by light irradiation
Denizot, Jérémy. "Perméabilité intestinale et régulation de l'expression du gène CEACAM6 : implication des bactéries Escherichia coli associées à la maladie de Crohn". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF1MM04/document.
Texto completoNo abstract available
Parrot, Delphine. "Etude de quatre lichens marins, maritime ou terrestre et des bactéries associées : Evaluation de la diversité bactérienne et recherche de métabolites d’intérêt". Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAR0018/document.
Texto completoEfficiency of currently used antibiotics is worldwide decreasing at a worrying rate, while we are faced with new and emerging pathogens. The majority of active natural products are isolated from the Ascomycetes or from the Actinobacteria. Among the 10000 known antibiotics, more than half are produced by bacteria of one single genus, Streptomyces. It is therefore most interesting to search for novel active molecules in yet under explored niches, such as mutualistic microbial symbioses. Lichens are complex organisms harboring bacterial communities on the surface and, more rarely, inside their thalli and present a model to discover new biomolecules. Optimization of extraction conditions of lichens has been developed. Chemical profiling by LC / MS of nine lichens (2 green algae Roccella fuciformis and R. phycopsis and 7 cyanolichens: Lichina confinis, L. pygmaea, Leptogium lichenoides, Synalissa symphorea, Collema auriforme, C. cristatum and C. fuscovirens) were made and compared with a "Molecular network" approach. This has allowed to identify the chemical similarity between all cyanolichens and between two lichen species containing green algae. On the other hand, further chemical study on R. fuciformis and R. phycopsis was conducted and ten different compounds were isolated. Nine of them have been isolated and identified by NMR and mass fragmentation pathways have been highlighted for five of them. In situ localization of their major respective metabolites (erythrin and roccellic acid for R. phycopsis and erythrin, lepraric acid and acetylportentol for R. fuciformis) was performed and showed a specific location in the lichen thallus. We focused also on the cultivable bacterial communities associated to three lichens from Brittany coast (France) (Roccella fuciformis, Lichina confinis, L. pygmaea) and one inland lichen from Austria (Collema auriforme) to find new secondary metabolites of interest. The abundance and the diversity of the bacterial communities associated to these lichens were showed: 247 strains were isolated and identified by 16S rRNA gene analysis. More than 30% of all strains express potential bioactive compounds and 12% represent probably new species. The secondary metabolites patterns of their cultivable associated bacteria were studied (MOLA1488, Streptomyces sp. and MOLA1416, Hoeflea sp.) and some active secondary metabolites were isolated (e.g. dicetopiperazines, pyrrole alkaloïds, phenoxazine derivatives …) showing biological properties. Finally, to highlight potential interactions between lichens and their associated bacteria, an approach of culture (lichen extracts and bacteria) was performed from 4 most abundant bacterial strains associated with Roccella fuciformis to (1) assess the impact of major metabolites (compounds 4) of this lichen on the growth of these four strains by a an optimized method of viability using MTT; and also to evaluate (2) the ability to bioconversion of these four strains of lepraric acid and erythrin. These bacteria have shown the ability to metabolize erythrin in orsellinic acid, but none of the four tested metabolites has affected their growth
Perrineau, Marie-Mathilde. "Variations géographiques et temporelles de la diversité des bactéries symbiotiques associées à Acacia mangium : zone d’origine, zones d’introduction et inoculation contrôlée". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20046/document.
Texto completoFrom Australia, its native area and since three decades, the legume tree Acacia mangium Willd. has been introduced in many tropical countries, sometimes with selected rhizobium strains. A. mangium symbiotic nodule bacteria have been sampled in Australia at different times (1986, 2007, 2009), as well as in countries where it was introduced for inoculation trials (Brazil, Senegal and Malaysia). More than 500 isolates were obtained and checked for homologous nodulation. They were then characterized on the housekeeping recA and symbiotic nodA genes. We demonstrated through this study that A. mangium was almost always nodulated by Bradyrhizobium. Phylogenies of the obtained sequences were made, showing a high level of bacterial diversity in the native area, and a much more reduced diversity in introduced areas. In Australia, some genotypes were predominant and persist over 20 years. A phylogeographic structuration and isolation by distance at a global scale were demonstrated for the nodA symbiotic gene. Among introduced areas, the main result was the unsystematic occurrence of inoculated strains. We highlighted horizontal nodA symbiotic gene transfer between inoculated and indigenous bacterial strains. These data allow to make recommendations in terms of microbial diversity conservation in natural areas and on the need for inoculation of A. mangium in forestry practices
Martinez, Chois Claudia. "Réhabilitation des sols pollués par les éléments traces métalliques grâce aux bactéries du sol associées à la rhizosphère de Miscanthus x giganteus". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0323/document.
Texto completoSoil is a nonrenewable resource to maintain because of its socio-economic and environmental importance. However, (bio)industrial activities can degrade soil and cause the appearance of persistent pollution brownfields. The ability of Miscanthus x giganteus to adapt to brownfield soils polluted with heavy metals (HM), while promoting the consolidation process of bioremediation of polluants, without causing a negative impact on the environment, is studied. Soils from Lorraine region (France), very affected by past industrial activity, are used. Considering the complexity of soil-plant-microorganisms relationships, various complementary assessment tools (i.e. in vitro,mesocosm and field) are used to determine the response of each component and their interactions, and thus deduce the sustainability of the method. The culture of M. x giganteus has great potential for rehabilitation of brownfield soils having a multimetallic pollution or mixed (+PAH) with a double benefit: phytostabilisation of HM at the root level and the production of biomass reclaimable (limited transfer of HM). The plant does not alter the characteristics of the soil involved in the mobility of HM (pH, CEC) ; but changes from those related to soil fertility, toxicity (liquid fraction) and the accumulation of HM by other organisms attest to the interaction of the plant with the elements that would make them more available. Plant's activity is causing associations with soil bacteria, for which the phylopes potentially métalloresistants (Zn, Cr) seem common in soils used
Guinebretière, Marie-Hélène. "Diversité de bactéries sporulées associées à un modèle de plat cuisiné réfrigéré à base de légumes : origine et virulence potentielle de bacillus cereus". Avignon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AVIG0309.
Texto completoA, Abdul Malik Shareen. "Defence on surface of Rhodophyta Halymenia floresii : metabolomic profile and interactions with its surface-associated bacteria". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lorient, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORIS598.
Texto completoThe surface of Halymenia floresii, a Mexican Rhodophyta, was observed to be remarkably free of epiphytes under Integrated MultiTrophic Aquaculture (IMTA) conditions. This suggests the presence of allelopathic active compounds released by this macroalgae. The aim of this work was to explore the defence mechanisms developed by H. floresii against surface epibiosis, to detect and identify the secondary metabolites produced at the surface of the algae, and to study its relation with surface associated bacteria. For the first time, we isolated the epibacterial community of H. floresii cultivated under controlled conditions (IMTA) and uncontrolled ones (beach-cast material collected in the area). The isolated epibacteria were screened in vitro to analyse Quorum Sensing (QS) signals, and others H. floresii surface extracts were assayed for any QS interference with them. We differentiated the epibacteria significant pathogens from the non- pathogens ones by their ability to induce bleaching, a well-known algal disease. Vibrio owensii was identified as an opportunistic pathogen inducing bleaching in H. floresii which was also associated to the presence of its C4-HSL QS signal. The surface and whole cell metabolites extracts from H. floresii specimens cultivated under controlled conditions were analysed by means of LC/MS. An untargeted metabolomic analysis of H. floresii was performed to provide a global metabolic profile as a first database. We identified ‘41’ active metabolites in H. floresii, among which halogenated compounds, furanones and various inhibitors were overrepresented. Interestingly, the first two classes are well known potent QS interfering compounds. The relatively higher occurrences of allelopathic metabolites at the surface of H. floresii strongly supports the hypothesis that they must be involved in the host protection. Further investigations are needed to explore the secondary metabolites of H. floresii et their role in the seaweed
Jagoueix, Sandrine. "Liberobacter africanum et liberobacter asiaticum, les bactéries associées à la maladie du greening des agrumes : caractérisation, phylogénie et détection par l'étude de l'ADN ribosomique 16S". Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR28363.
Texto completoElatrech, Imen. "Effet des bactéries associées à la maladie de Crohn sur la production des formes réactives de l'oxygène et l'expression des mucines de la muqueuse instestinale". Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077094.
Texto completoChronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestine. They represent two major diseases: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The etiology of IBD remains unclear. There are several genetic and environmental factors and changes in the composition of the intestinal fora (dysbiosis) and / or increased intestinal permeability, which play a crucial role in the dysfunction of intestinal immunity and can also cause gastrointestinal lesions. Moreover colitis are often associated with an alteration of the Red/Ox balance, related to the disturbance of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the NADPH oxidase complex or NOX, so the involvement of this complex in the mucosal defense. Our results show among the different bacteria tested, an invasive and adherent strain: AIEC LF82 which was isolated from a patient with CD is able to increase the expression of NOX1, NOXO1 and the induction of ROS production in intestinal epithelial T84 cells in culture. This effect of AIEC LF82 is inhibited by diphenylene iodonium (DPI), which is an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase flavoproteins, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which is a scavenger of ROS. This ROS production could support the involvement of NOX1 in H202 production following stimulation by AIEC LF82. This production is absent with the mutant LF82 AFimA, which does not express pili typel and is known to have lost the ability to adhere and invade epithelial cells of the intestine and macrophages. Taken together, these results suggest that H202 production by intestinal NOX1 in response to the invasion of AIEC LF82 bacteria may be involved in IBD. We also studied the effect of ROS inhibitors on the invasion of the LF82 strain, in T84 cells; we showed that DPI could inhibit the invasion of this strain in T84 cells. This suggests an important role of flavoproteins in bacterial invasion in IBD. Furthermore, the AIEC LF82 induced an inhibition of mucin gene expression (MUC5AC and MUC2) in T84 cells. However, in the presence of DPI, this effect was less effective suggesting a process likely to be dependent on ROS and NOX1
Burot, Christopher. "Etude de la dégradation des algues de glace et du phytoplancton d'eau libre en zone Arctique : impact de l'état de stress des bactéries associées à ce matériel sur sa préservation et sa contribution aux sédiments". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0047.
Texto completoArctic environments are highly endangered by global warming. The view of ice-free waters by 2050 raises important questions about the future of these ecosystems. Ice algae are the roots of the Arctic food chain and play a crucial role in the functioning of these environments. Because of their rapid fall and the low biodegradation activity of bacteria in these waters, ice algae contribute to the export of CO2 to the sediments. This study focuses on the effects of the physiological state of the bacteria associated with ice algae and the different stresses they undergo on the fate of the algal material. If our results showed the importance of haline, chemical and photochemical stresses on the poor physiological state of bacteria associated with ice algae, trophic interactions within the ice remain complex and the impact of global warming on them still needs to be investigated
Defer, Diane, Professeur Nathalie Bourgougnon y Mcf Yannick Fleury. "Recherche d'activités antimicrobiennes chez des mollusques marins. Purification et caractérisation partielle de peptides antimicrobiens isolés à partir de l'hémolymphe de Crassostrea gigas et de bactéries associées". Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne Sud, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00485008.
Texto completoDefer, Diane. "Recherche d'activités antimicrobiennes chez des mollusques marins : purification et caractérisation partielle de peptides antimicrobiens isolés à partir de l'hémolymphe de Crassostrea gigas et de bactéries associées". Lorient, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LORIS152.
Texto completoThe chemical communication systems constitute an essential element in the establishment of intra- or inter-species relationships in marine environment, weaving a dense network of relations between individuals, in ecosystem. The invertebrates lacking of an immune system and usually sessile produce this type of bioactive metabolites playing a crucial role in the answer to the environmental pressures like the predation and the defence against potentially pathogens organisms. The aim of this work was to identify antimicrobial peptides in commercially bivalve and gastropod marine molluscs. Thus, the search for antimicrobial molecules from peptidic nature was undertaken in acid extracts of bivalve molluscs Cerastoderma edule, Ruditapes philippinarum, Ostrea edulis, and gastropods Crepidula fornicata, Buccinum undatum and Littorina littorea and from Crassostrea gigas hemolymph. The extracts were pre-purified by Solid Phase Extraction C18 (SPE) and elution was ensured by three successive steps of 10%, 40% and 80% of ACN-0. 1% TFA. The antibacterial activities were assayed by determination of the CMI against a panel of target bacteria including Gram+ and Gram- bacteria. In parallel, antiviral activities were assayed in vitro against Herpes simplex virus type 1 and Vero cells by cell viability. The species C. Edule, L. Littorea and C. Gigas proved to be the most effective and non cytotoxic species. A partial characterization of the activity detected in these species allowed determining the protenaceous nature of the active molecules. The purification of antimicrobial peptides realised on the C. Gigas hemolymph led us to the identification of a peptide which structure lets foresee a bacterial origin. The hypothese of an association between C. Gigas and bacteria led us from non axenic oysters culture to search for antagonist bacteria in C. Gigas hemolymph and has conduced to isolate 2 Vibrio spp. And 3 Pseudoalteromonas spp. The Pseudoalteromonas spp. HCg 5 strain, allowed to partially characterized an active compound. Whole of these results suggests that the bacteria associated with the immune system could play an essential function of defence in bivalves
Hafeez, Zeeshan. "Streptococcus thermophilus et Lactococcus lactis : des bactéries lactiques comme outils de production de peptides bioactifs ? : Impact du système protéolytique sur la stabilité des peptides et production hétérologue d'un peptide anxiolytique, l'[alpha]-casozépine". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0184.
Texto completoThe designing of novel fermented milk products functionalized with bioactive peptides is one of the promising strategies to develop functional foods. The objective of the thesis is thus the development of fermented milks comprising of an anxiolytic peptide, alpha-casozepine (f91-100 of bovine alpha s1 CN) or its shorter fragment (f91 97). Firstly, we studied the stability of different bioactive peptides towards two strains, with PrtS+ (LMD¬9) and PrtS- (CNRZ1066) phenotypes, of S. thermophilus, a starter bacterium widely used for the manufacture of yogurt. It was revealed that both strains hydrolysed the peptides into shorter fragments by surface peptidases. The hydrolysis was neither due to intracellular peptidases eventually released from cell lysis nor to extracellular chaperone protease HtrA, since mutant LMD-9-deltahtrA also showed the same type of hydrolysis. Aminopeptidase, X-prolyl dipeptidyl peptidase, peptidyl dipeptidase and carboxypeptidase activities associated to the cell-surface of both strains were observed. Therefore, addition of bioactive peptides in fermented milks requires well prior characterization of the proteolytic potential of lactic acid bacteria. Finally, in order to add only one type of peptides instead of a peptide fraction, we expressed heterologously alpha-CZP in multimeric form in L. lactis using NICE system. It was revealed by ELISA test that a small quantity of recombinant alpha-CZP multimer was produced by both nisin-induced as well as non-induced cells. The significant decrease in the growth of nisin-induced recombinant L. lactis suggests that the peptide multimer has toxic effects on the cells
Hérault, Elodie. "Régulation de la synthèse des facteurs de virulence par la température chez la bactérie phytopathogène Dickeya dadantii". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10259/document.
Texto completoBacteria are colonizers of various environments and host organisms, and they are often subjected to drastic temperature variations. Dickeya dadantii is a Gram-negative pathogen infecting a wide range of plant species. Soft rot, the visible symptom, is mainly due to the production of pectate lyases (Pels) that can destroy the plant cell walls. Production of Pels is controlled by a complex regulation system and responds tovarious stimuli, such as presence of pectin, plant extracts, growth phase, temperature or iron concentration. Although many studies have been carried out, the mechanisms of control of Pels production by temperature have not yet been elucidated. In bacteria, thermoregulation acting at the level of transcription initiation occurs usually both via transcription factors and DNA topology. We show that PecT, a previously identified repressor, is involved in the thermoregulation of the pel gene expression. Using in vivo Chromatin ImmunoPrecipitation (ChIP) coupled to quantitative RT-PCR(qRT-PCR), we reveal that PecT binding to the pel gene promoters is modulated by temperature. By manipulating the DNA topology in vivo, we further show that DNA supercoiling state is involved in the thermoregulation of pel gene expression by PecT. In addition, we show that the development of the pathogenicity of the pecT mutant according to changes in temperature is different from that of the parental strain. This report presents a new example of how plant pathogenic bacteria use transcription factor and DNA topology to adjust synthesis of virulence factors in response to temperature variation
Givaudan, Alain. "Caractérisation de plasmides chez Azospirillum lipoferum, bactérie associée aux racines de graminées". Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10079.
Texto completoBaranovsky, Sophie. "Circulation et persistance de pathogènes nosocomiaux multirésistants et hautement résistants émergents dans l’environnement hospitalier : complexité des unités de transmission". Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTG002.
Texto completoHealthcare-associated infections (HAI) are a major concern of Public Health because of their involvement in the global threat of antibiotic resistance, predicted to become the first cause of mortality in 2050 with about 10 million deaths a year. The high antibiotic consumption associated with both patients’ promiscuity and vulnerability make hospital an ideal place for cross-transmission of bacteria, especially drug-resistant bacteria, and for outbreak occurrence. Surfaces within hospital environment play an important role in these phenomena, serving as reservoir or relay for bacteria responsible of HAI. Better understand the diffusion of bacteria responsible of HAI onto hospital surfaces appears as a major axe of research.In order to observe the circulation and persistence of gram-negative bacteria (GNB) involved in HAI onto hospital surfaces, and to identify the reasons of diffusion and outbreak successes of certain bacterial species and sub-species, we performed intensive samplings of hospital environment, with a total of 5329 surfaces sampled. Two sources of contamination were considered: the hydric origin with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in leading position, and the human origin with carbapenemase-producing bacteria (CPB).During this work, we collected 567 strains by sampling the hospital environment. For every strain, both clinical, ecological and epidemiological data were gathered. The strains collection isolated in real conditions of hospital activities is the foundation of this thesis and constitutes its originality. It permitted to retrace, as close as possible to real-life conditions, the routes of transmission of bacteria responsible of HAI on hospital surfaces. This allowed us to identify environmental reservoirs of GNB and analyze the circulation of hydric bacteria between water and water point-of-use, surfaces and patients, as well as the circulation of human bacteria between patients and hospital surfaces. These analyses integrated the different levels of complexity of bacteria through the diversity of bacterial population and sub-populations. Considering this complexity as a whole seems to be the key to better understand the involvement of hospital environment in the transmission of bacteria responsible of HAI. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the close environment of patients reflected the bacteria colonizing/infecting patients, while providing further information on its diversity. Thus, the patient within its healthcare environment must be considered as a unique entity of transmission in order to better anticipating the diffusion of bacteria in hospital environment and the occurrence of outbreaks
Rueff, Anne-Stéphanie. "Role de protéines associées au cytosquelette bactérien". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00633025.
Texto completoMillion, Matthieu. "Caractérisation des altérations du microbiote digestif associées à l'obésité et rôle de la manipulation du microbiote digestif dans l'obésité". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5024.
Texto completoThe revolution of large scale molecular sequencing methods allowed the identification of specific alterations in the gut microbiota associated with obesity such as a decreased Bacteroidetes / Firmicutes ratio in obese individuals. Since then, many studies have described different alterations associated with obesity, including an increase in members of the Lactobacillus genus, but results are often controversial. To clarify whether the genus Lactobacillus was associated with obesity, we conducted two case-control studies (the second being the follow-up of the first study with a total of 263 individuals) allowing us to understand that gut microbiota alterations are more reproducible at the species level. We found a greater concentration of Lactobacillus reuteri in the gut microbiota of obese while concentrations of Bifidobacterium animalis, Methanobrevibacter smithii and Escherichia coli were reduced. We were able to establish a dose-dependent relationship between the concentration of Lactobacillus reuteri and body mass index. In addition, we performed a meta-analysis on the results of published studies and we found an association between the Bifidobacterium (6 studies, 348 individuals) and Methanobrevibacter (3 studies, 195 individuals) with absence of obesity. (…)
Boigné, Audrey. "Restauration écologique de prairies humides à vocation agricole suite au comblement d'une ballastière en basse vallée de Seine : incidence du type de sol recréé sur les fonctions pédologiques associées et sur la dynamique de colonisation végétale". Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR008/document.
Texto completoIn a worldwide context of wetland destruction, a consequence of anthropic activities, ecological restoration of such habitats and their functions has become a societal and ecological issue. The objective of this project is to recreate agriculture-oriented wet grasslands with pedological and floristical properties as similar as possible to typical grasslands destroyed by alluvial materials extraction. The study presented here focuses on the impact of pedological materials, used in the re-creation of four soils, on soil functions and associated floristic processions. The main hypothesis is that re-creation of a soil morphologically similar to the previously destroyed one should drive ecological restoration. The underlying hypothesis is that different local pedological materials inherit their previous physicochemical and biological properties. This should conserve associated pedological functions and favor the return of a floristic procession compatible with agricultural exploitation. The first part is dedicated to the study of carbon storage and denitrification, two wetlands soils functions. These two functions are retained within the four re-created soils two and a half year after gravel-pit filling. Main results highlight functional efficiency levels of tested pedological material inherited from their respective initial topsoil physico-chemical properties. The second part is devoted to the study of mechanisms structuring plant communities. The high contribution of local pedological materials seed bank during the colonization process and its impact on aforementioned mechanisms was highlighted from our monitoring. Despite demonstration of the start of a dynamic trajectory in the four created soils similarity between obtained and target communities never exceeds 50%. Aerial biomass production associated to these communities is comparable to the production in reference wet grasslands in terms of quantity, but not quality. Implementation of management (sowing and mowing) shows biomass production of comparable quality to reference grassland from the first year onwards. The last part focuses on the effect of three soil waterlogging levels on the denitrification process and the response traits of Holcus lanatus, a meadow species. Pedological materials placement in identical waterlogging conditions highlights the importance of denitrifying bacteria communities inheritance on the denitrification process. These experimental conditions also enabled us to highlight the considered species morphological and functional response traits. To conclude and following our monitoring the best compromise for concurrent restoration of soil and vegetation while considering cost-effectiveness needs to account for topsoils origin and history (i.e. management)
Charlat, Sylvain. "Évolution de l'incompatibilité cytoplasmique associée à la bactérie Wolbachia". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066074.
Texto completoRomano, Sara. "Dynamique des populations et communautés bactériennes au cours de l’hospitalisation et des infections associées aux soins : cas particulier de la chirurgie cardiaque". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONT3515.
Texto completoHuman microbiota are now considered as supplementary organs involved in diseases such as infections. Microbiota disequilibrium named dysbiosis creates impaired ecological niches (pathobiomes). This new paradigm of infection is particularly relevant for opportunistic infections. In this study, we consider one major type of healthcare associated infection (HAI), the surgical site infections after cardiothoracic surgery as a pathology of niche. We study the dynamics of microbial communities and populations as conditions for emergence and success of infectious agents.The diversity and dynamics of superficial and deep surgical microbiota in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting show a partial replacement of the pre-operative microbiota by a specific surgical microbiota with partial resilience during healing. Significant links are found between microbiota composition and scores for infectious risk. The population structure of Propionibacterium acnes, a pathogen complicating cardiac surgery, shows variable frequencies of phylotypes according to operative stages. Surgical microbiota appears specific with high diversity of Gram-negative bacteria, some of them being previously described in healthy skin microbiota. At the species-level, these bacteria appear atypical among known human bacteria because they are related to environmental bacteria. We demonstrate the cutaneous reservoir of the opportunistic pathogen Roseomonas mucosa deemed, until now, to be environmental. Three populations of opportunistic pathogens (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Ochrobactrum anthropi, O. intermedium) are structured in order to precise their transmission and their infectivity in the general context of impaired ecological niche and pathobiome.The results obtained at various microbiological scale (community, population, species, phylotype) are organized in this general context in order to delineate an original integrative vision of HAI
Guri, Mathieu. "Étude de la diversité des épibiontes bactériens associés au céphalothorax de la crevette hydrothermale Rimicaris exoculata". Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2037.
Texto completoThe shrimp Rimicaris exoculata is an endemic hydrothermal species of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge sites. It‘s the dominant species on several hydrothermal vent sites. This crustacean has an enlarged gill chamber, harboring a dense ectosymbiotic community. Until now, their acquisition and their metabolic pathways were not fully understood. This study focused on the analyses of the possible differences in the epibiotic community among the gill chamber epibiotic community along R. Exoculata life cycle. Then, we have looked for the bacterial metabolisms suspected to occur among this community. This work confirmed that the epibiotic community is dominated by two phylotypes: Epsilonproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria. They are eliminated and then recolonised the cephalothorax after each moult. In addition, they were detected in the environment (horizontal transmission). However, the relative proportion of these phylotypes seemed to vary along the host life cycle (eggs/larvae versus juvenile/adult). The energetic pathways such as the methanotrophy, the sulfur-oxidation/reduction and the hydrogenotrophy were detected from the cephalothorax epibionts as well as the autotrophic pathways (rTCA and Calvin cycles). Results also showed that the oxidation of the sulphur compounds seemed to be the major pathways with constant activity, whereas the oxidation of methane and hydrogen seemed to be threshold dependent and so linked to the geochemical conditions of the host life environment. This study broadened our view on the relations between the cephalothorax epibionts and the hydrothermal shrimp Rimicaris exoculata
Veiga, Patrick. "Caractérisation génétique de facteurs moléculaires de l'enveloppe bactérienne associés à la croissance immobilisée des bactéries". Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112024.
Texto completoWe studied two cell wall polymers implicated in biofilm formation: exopolysaccharide (EPS) and peptidoglycan (PG). Our investigation of capsule exopolysaccharides (CPS) of Streptococcus pneumoniae revealed that (i) CPS- mutants emerge from immobilized colonies in semi-liquid medium, (ii) a phase variation mecanism may be implied in appearance of mutations in tts gene, responsible for CPS synthesis, (iii) immobilisation is the factor providing a selective pressure. Since PG integrity affects biofilm formation, we looked for new molecular factors affecting PG synthesis or degradation. One of these factors, identified by subtractive genome analysis, is the gene aslA, responsible for D-Asp incorporation in the PG. Its conditional inactivation allowed us to confirm its function as D-Asp ligase and to show that it is indispensable. We also identified genes which could regulate lytic activity of PG hydrolysis and in thus affect PG integrity. We found three genes, overexpression if which leads to more resistant to hydrolysis PG: pgdA , oatA and spxB, encoding respectively for a PG de-acetylase, a PG O-acetylase, and the positive regulator of oatA. Our results allowed us to reveal the multi-step cascade of regulatory mechanisms, provoked by cell wall stress. It starts with induction of two component system CesSR in response to cell wall stress, and ends up with O-acetylation of PG by OatA as a mean of rendering it more resistant to hydrolytic damage. SpxB appeared to be a missing link between response to cell envelope stress and PG modification
Delorme, Sandrine. "Caractères bactériens associés à la compétitivité des Pseudomonas spp. Fluorescents dans la rhizosphère". Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOS020.
Texto completoDuperron, Sébastien. "Symbioses bactériennes de bivalves mytilidés associés aux sources de fluides en domaine océanique profond : diversité, rôle nutritionnel et influence de l'environnement". Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066498.
Texto completoIsabel, Sandra. "Caractérisation et détection par des méthodes génotypiques des agents bactériens aéroportés associés au bioterrorisme". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29491/29491.pdf.
Texto completoThis doctoral thesis presents four studies regarding the detection of airborne bacterial biothreat agents. First of all, a historical review of biological warfare and bioterrorism will allow for better understanding of this threat. To focus on the current problematic, biological agents, intervention procedures of public security and health organisations, as well as detection methods will then be introduced. The lack of systems for the reliable and rapid detection of biological agents is an important limitation of intervention procedures. Many interrelated steps are required to detect and identify biological agents. They consist of sampling, sample matrix processing, and finally, microbial identification by decoding macromolecule signatures, notably using genotyping methods. Some particles potentially employed to produce airborne biological weapons could interfere with molecular detection methods. Moreover, inoffensive powders (e.g. flour) can be used as hoaxes to terrorise individuals, organisations, or the population. Therefore, the first article studied the interference on PCR detection of 23 powdery or other environmental samples. This study presents a method to separate Bacillus spores from powdery matrices to alleviate the impact of these interfering compounds. The developed procedure is fast (≤10 minutes), inexpensive (~ 10$), allows easy handling (10 steps) and treatment of a wider sample variety compared to prior art. Secondly, a bacterial spore lysis based on rapid sonication (45 seconds) allowed extraction of genomic DNA in yields comparable to a robust commercialised lysis procedure requiring 5 minutes. The Fluidic Ultrasonic Lysis Module can be decontaminated and transferred from a contaminated to a secured area, which is advantageous in the context of bioterrorism. The third project shows the development of a detection assay based on a bacterial broad-spectrum PCR amplification of the target gene tuf and the identification of signature DNA sequences using a microfluidic microarray system. This assay allowed the rapid (75 minutes) detection of 12 of the 13 airborne bacterial biothreat agents listed by the CDC. Finally, analyses of tuf gene sequences from the Yersinia genus showed a high level of divergence between intra-genomic tufA and tufB sequences (8.3 to 16.2 %). This unexpected result could reveal particular circumstances allowing duplicated genes to acquire new functions. Moreover, this study allowed a phylogenetic analysis of 14 of the 17 described Yersinia species and added information about their taxonomical classification. In the near future, it would be interesting to combine the different biothreat detection steps presented here into a total analysis system. Hence, automation could facilitate its utilisation in the field to detect and identify (~1 h) biothreat agents resulting in more efficient medical management of victims and contribute to stop propagation.
Isabel, Sandra y Sandra Isabel. "Caractérisation et détection par des méthodes génotypiques des agents bactériens aéroportés associés au bioterrorisme". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24517.
Texto completoCette thèse de doctorat présente quatre études portant sur la détection des agents bactériens aéroportés associés au bioterrorisme. Tout d’abord, un rappel historique des guerres biologiques et du bioterrorisme permettra de mieux comprendre cette menace. Pour cibler la problématique actuelle, les agents biologiques, les procédures d’intervention des organisations de sécurité et de santé publique ainsi que les méthodes de détection seront ensuite introduites. La capacité de détection rapide des agents biologiques est une des lacunes importantes des procédures d’intervention. La détection et l’identification de ces agents biologiques nécessitent plusieurs étapes critiques interreliées. Elles consistent en l’échantillonnage, la préparation des analytes contenues dans des matrices complexes et finalement l’identification du micro-organisme en décodant des macromolécules signatures, et ce, notamment par des méthodes génotypiques. Certaines particules peuvent potentiellement être employées pour la préparation d’armes biologiques aéroportées. De plus, des poudres inoffensives (p. ex., farine) peuvent être utilisées pour terroriser certains individus, des organisations ou la population. Ces composés peuvent toutefois interférer avec les méthodes de détection moléculaire. C’est pourquoi la première étude traite de l’interférence sur la détection par la PCR de 23 échantillons poudreux ou environnementaux autres. Cet article présente une méthode séparant des spores de Bacillus de matrices poudreuses afin d’enlever ces particules nuisibles à la détection. La procédure conceptualisée est simple d’exécution (10 étapes), rapide (≤ 10 minutes), peu coûteuse (~ 10 $) et permet de traiter une plus grande variété d’échantillons par rapport à l’art antérieur. En second lieu, une lyse de spores bactériennes basée sur la sonication rapide (45 secondes) a permis d’extraire l’ADN génomique avec des rendements comparables à une autre méthode de lyse commercialisée performante nécessitant cinq minutes. Le Module fluidique de lyse ultrasonique a été confectionné pour être décontaminé et transféré d’une zone contaminée à une zone sécurisée, ce qui est un avantage important dans le contexte du bioterrorisme. Le troisième projet concerne le développement d’un essai de détection basé sur l’amplification PCR de type large spectre du gène tuf et l’identification sur biopuce de séquences d’ADN signatures grâce à une hybridation en microfluidique. Cet essai a permis de détecter rapidement (75 minutes) 12 des 13 agents bactériens aéroportés associés au bioterrorisme listés par les CDC. Finalement, les analyses de séquences du gène cible, tuf, chez le genre Yersinia, ont montré un haut niveau de divergence entre les gènes dupliqués intragénomiques, tufA et tufB (8,3 à 16,2 %). Ce résultat inattendu pourrait montrer les circonstances particulières permettant à des gènes dupliqués d’acquérir de nouvelles fonctions. De plus, cette étude a permis de faire une analyse phylogénétique de 14 des 17 espèces décrites du genre Yersinia et d’apporter des informations sur leur classification taxonomique. Prochainement, il serait intéressant de juxtaposer les différentes étapes de détection des agents biologiques présentées ici dans un système intégré d’analyse totale. Par conséquent, l’automatisation pourrait faciliter leur utilisation sur le terrain pour détecter et identifier rapidement (~1 h) des agents biologiques associés au bioterrorisme permettant de prendre en charge les victimes plus efficacement et de contribuer à enrayer la propagation.
This doctoral thesis presents four studies regarding the detection of airborne bacterial biothreat agents. First of all, a historical review of biological warfare and bioterrorism will allow for better understanding of this threat. To focus on the current problematic, biological agents, intervention procedures of public security and health organisations, as well as detection methods will then be introduced. The lack of systems for the reliable and rapid detection of biological agents is an important limitation of intervention procedures. Many interrelated steps are required to detect and identify biological agents. They consist of sampling, sample matrix processing, and finally, microbial identification by decoding macromolecule signatures, notably using genotyping methods. Some particles potentially employed to produce airborne biological weapons could interfere with molecular detection methods. Moreover, inoffensive powders (e.g. flour) can be used as hoaxes to terrorise individuals, organisations, or the population. Therefore, the first article studied the interference on PCR detection of 23 powdery or other environmental samples. This study presents a method to separate Bacillus spores from powdery matrices to alleviate the impact of these interfering compounds. The developed procedure is fast (≤10 minutes), inexpensive (~ 10$), allows easy handling (10 steps) and treatment of a wider sample variety compared to prior art. Secondly, a bacterial spore lysis based on rapid sonication (45 seconds) allowed extraction of genomic DNA in yields comparable to a robust commercialised lysis procedure requiring 5 minutes. The Fluidic Ultrasonic Lysis Module can be decontaminated and transferred from a contaminated to a secured area, which is advantageous in the context of bioterrorism. The third project shows the development of a detection assay based on a bacterial broad-spectrum PCR amplification of the target gene tuf and the identification of signature DNA sequences using a microfluidic microarray system. This assay allowed the rapid (75 minutes) detection of 12 of the 13 airborne bacterial biothreat agents listed by the CDC. Finally, analyses of tuf gene sequences from the Yersinia genus showed a high level of divergence between intra-genomic tufA and tufB sequences (8.3 to 16.2 %). This unexpected result could reveal particular circumstances allowing duplicated genes to acquire new functions. Moreover, this study allowed a phylogenetic analysis of 14 of the 17 described Yersinia species and added information about their taxonomical classification. In the near future, it would be interesting to combine the different biothreat detection steps presented here into a total analysis system. Hence, automation could facilitate its utilisation in the field to detect and identify (~1 h) biothreat agents resulting in more efficient medical management of victims and contribute to stop propagation.
This doctoral thesis presents four studies regarding the detection of airborne bacterial biothreat agents. First of all, a historical review of biological warfare and bioterrorism will allow for better understanding of this threat. To focus on the current problematic, biological agents, intervention procedures of public security and health organisations, as well as detection methods will then be introduced. The lack of systems for the reliable and rapid detection of biological agents is an important limitation of intervention procedures. Many interrelated steps are required to detect and identify biological agents. They consist of sampling, sample matrix processing, and finally, microbial identification by decoding macromolecule signatures, notably using genotyping methods. Some particles potentially employed to produce airborne biological weapons could interfere with molecular detection methods. Moreover, inoffensive powders (e.g. flour) can be used as hoaxes to terrorise individuals, organisations, or the population. Therefore, the first article studied the interference on PCR detection of 23 powdery or other environmental samples. This study presents a method to separate Bacillus spores from powdery matrices to alleviate the impact of these interfering compounds. The developed procedure is fast (≤10 minutes), inexpensive (~ 10$), allows easy handling (10 steps) and treatment of a wider sample variety compared to prior art. Secondly, a bacterial spore lysis based on rapid sonication (45 seconds) allowed extraction of genomic DNA in yields comparable to a robust commercialised lysis procedure requiring 5 minutes. The Fluidic Ultrasonic Lysis Module can be decontaminated and transferred from a contaminated to a secured area, which is advantageous in the context of bioterrorism. The third project shows the development of a detection assay based on a bacterial broad-spectrum PCR amplification of the target gene tuf and the identification of signature DNA sequences using a microfluidic microarray system. This assay allowed the rapid (75 minutes) detection of 12 of the 13 airborne bacterial biothreat agents listed by the CDC. Finally, analyses of tuf gene sequences from the Yersinia genus showed a high level of divergence between intra-genomic tufA and tufB sequences (8.3 to 16.2 %). This unexpected result could reveal particular circumstances allowing duplicated genes to acquire new functions. Moreover, this study allowed a phylogenetic analysis of 14 of the 17 described Yersinia species and added information about their taxonomical classification. In the near future, it would be interesting to combine the different biothreat detection steps presented here into a total analysis system. Hence, automation could facilitate its utilisation in the field to detect and identify (~1 h) biothreat agents resulting in more efficient medical management of victims and contribute to stop propagation.
Lautier, Thomas. "Rôle de la protéine associée au nucléoïde Fis dans le contrôle de la virulence chez la bactérie phytopathogène Erwinia chrysanthemi". Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0116/these.pdf.
Texto completoErwinia chrysanthemi is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes soft rot in plants and attacks a wide range of plant species, including many crops of economical importance. Efficient host colonisation requires a sequential action of various virulence factors. Some of these factors are required in the early steps of infection, whereas other factors act in later steps. The main aim of this thesis was to evaluate the role of the nucleoid associated protein Fis in the control of Erwinia chrysanthemi virulence. Fis protein is required for appropriate synthesis of various early and late virulence factors. The mechanism used by Fis is mainly direct. Moreover, a fis mutant is severely impaired in virulence. Together, these data indicate that Fis plays a pivotal role in the coordination of the synthesis of the main virulence factors of E. Chrysanthemi during pathogenesis
Fernandez-Linares, Luis. "Mécanismes d'halotolérance associés à la biodégradation d'un hydrocarbure (Eicosane) chez une bactérie marine hydrocarbonoclaste". Aix-Marseille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX22111.
Texto completoCayron, Julien. "Caractérisation de la réponse cellulaire associée à différents stress chez la bactérie Escherichia coli". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. https://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m6qv3kv7.
Texto completoBacterial growth requires coordination between the main cell cycle processes that are DNA replication and segregation, elongation and cell division. During their life, bacteria are exposed to different endogenous or exogenous stresses (antibiotics, pH, nutrients starvation…) that can disturb the bacteria cell cycle. Those hostile life conditions trigger a cellular response aiming at improving survival in stress conditions. In E. coli, DNA breaks induce the SOS response that inhibits cell division while the bacteria continue to elongate, resulting in the formation of a filamentous cell. Filamentation has long been considered as a symptom of cell death, however recent studies suggest that this phenotype could instead be a transient morphology change improving the survival in hostile environments. The main objective of this thesis is to characterize the filamentation process, especially the restart of the filament division allowing to resume normal bacterial growth. To do so, I developped an approach combining live-cell microscopy in microfluidic chamber, flow cytometry, traditional microbiology technics and bacterial genetics. Association of those techniques constitutes a global approach allowing characterization of the stress effect on bacterial viability, morphology and DNA content, from the single cell to the population level. This experimental framework allowed to describe how filamentous cells quickly divide into viable cells, thus understanding how this transient and reversible cellular differentiation state constitute an efficient stress-survival strategy. Furthermore, the expertise I developed during this ph.D. project allowed me to be involved into the study of drug-resistance acquisition by gene transfer through bacterial DNA conjugation. Besides, I contributed to the characterization of the effects of biocides inducing envelop stress response and to the characterize the impact on E. coli of the production of Acinetobacter baumannii toxins predicted to be involved in contact-dependant growth inhibition
Toffin, Laurent. "Approches culturales et moléculaires de la diversité bactérienne associée aux sédiments marins profonds (LEG 190, ODP)". Brest, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BRES2012.
Texto completoDuring the past 15 years, investigations on deep marine sediments have shown abundant microorganisms in deeply buried oceanic sediments. Bacterial diversity in Nankai Trough (site 1173, ODP, leg 190) was estimated trough cultivation and 16S rRNA analysis. Non-selective enrichment cultures were also performed in order to investigate the effects of organic carbon concentrations and inoculum dilution on microbial diversity in enrichment cultures. Moreover, to avoid bias due to strain isolation, we combined traditional cultivation methods with 16S rRNA gene based techniques. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments was used to monitor the changes in culturable bacterial populations. Isolates were obtained at 4 and 300 meters below the seafloor from Nankai Trough. Pures cultures of fermentatives anaerobic heterotroph were isolated at 25, 50 and 70!C. Sequences analysis revealed 6 groups of bacterial 16S rDNAs related mostly to the Firmicutes and Proteobacteria gamma, delta and epsilon subdivision and few were identified as CFB and Spirochaetales. Metabolism and growth characteristics of three new species were determined and confirmed their adaption to deep environements
Patureau, Dominique. "Etudes cinétique et physiologique d'une bactérie dénitrifiant en conditions aérobies. Suivi en réacteur aéré, parfaitement mélangé, en culture pure et en culture mixte associée à une flore nitrifiante". Toulouse, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAT0034.
Texto completoN'Go-Bikoue, Antoine Macaire. "Dégradation des composés aromatiques naturels et xénobiotiques par la microflore associée au termite champignonniste Pseudacanthotermes Spiniger (Termitidae-Macrotermitinae)". Paris 12, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA120027.
Texto completoDegraeve, Sylvie. "Les Peuplements et populations de bactéries associés aux racines de colza transformé par l'introduction d'un gène de Chitinase". Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10192.
Texto completoEl, Hamzaoui Basma. "Identification des arthropodes et pathogènes associés par MALDI-TOF MS et étude des relations entre arthropodes et bactéries". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0696.
Texto completoThis work focuses on three main parts, a first part presents an epidemiological study of bacteria associated with soft ticks in Algeria, or we identified morphologically and confirmed by molecular biology six species of Argasidae. In addition, looking further we could detect Borrelia hispanica in Ornithodoros occidentalis and Borrelia cf turicatae in Carios Carpensis. On the other hand, in Argas persicus a new genotype of Bartonella spp has been identified as well as a new species of Anaplasmatacea bacteria.A second part evaluates the vectorial capacity of bed bugs to transmit Borrelia recurrentis, the agent of the relapsing fever. For this reason an experimental model of artificial infection of Cimex lectularius by Borrelia recurrentis has been developed, to study the presence of bacteria in feces. In this model, four approaches were used: qPCR, fece’s culture, FDA (Fluorescein Diacetate) and fece’s inoculation to mice. Immunofluorescence was also used to detect the location of the bacteria in the body of the bed bug. We confirmed that bed bugs acquire the bacteria and excrete live microorganisms in the feces. They can be considered as potential vector of Borrelia recurrentis.The third part is an assessment of the capacity of MALDI-TOF MS to identified fleas, bed bugs and associated pathogens. This innovative tool, which has revolutionized medical entomology and has shown its efficiency to identify several species of arthropods, has also been able to distinguish between infected and uninfected fleas and bugs, and even distinguish between fleas and bugs infected by the same species of bacteria
Chassaing, Benoit. "Caractérisation de facteurs bactériens essentiels à la virulence des souches de Escherichia coli associées à la maladie de Crohn". Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00855515.
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