Artículos de revistas: "B12 vitamins"

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Al- Joufi, Fakhria, Mona A. El- Bana, Ihab Tewfik y Mona Anwar. "EFFICACY OF COSUPPLEMENTATION THERAPY WITH VITAMINS B9, B12, AND D ON ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS". Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, n.º 9 (7 de septiembre de 2018): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i9.25361.

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Objective: This study evaluated the effects of Vitamins D, B9, and B12 given individually or combined in ameliorating some biochemical parameters related to endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rats.Methods: A total of 50 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into five groups: Control, diabetic, diabetic received Vitamin D, diabetic received Vitamins B9 and B12, and diabetic received Vitamins B9, B12, and D. At the end of 6 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and a set of assays was carried out to determine: Fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile, nitric oxide (NO), homocysteine (Hcy), malondialdehyde (MDA), and serum levels of Vitamins B9, B12, and D.Results: Diabetic rat received Vitamin D and diabetic rat received Vitamins B9 and B12 had a significant decline in the levels of FBS, lipid profile, and Hcy with reduced MDA (p<0.05) release but significant increase in NO level. On the same hand, diabetic rat received combined supplementation of Vitamins B9, B12, and D had more pronounced effect (p<0.00).Conclusion: Given these findings, the combined vitamins therapy had antiatherosclerotic effects by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and stimulating NO production, resulting in amelioration the endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rat.

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Mozos, Ioana, Dana Stoian y Constantin Tudor Luca. "Crosstalk between Vitamins A, B12, D, K, C, and E Status and Arterial Stiffness". Disease Markers 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8784971.

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Arterial stiffness is associated with cardiovascular risk, morbidity, and mortality. The present paper reviews the main vitamins related to arterial stiffness and enabling destiffening, their mechanisms of action, providing a brief description of the latest studies in the area, and their implications for primary cardiovascular prevention, clinical practice, and therapy. Despite inconsistent evidence for destiffening induced by vitamin supplementation in several randomized clinical trials, positive results were obtained in specific populations. The main mechanisms are related to antiatherogenic effects, improvement of endothelial function (vitamins A, C, D, and E) and metabolic profile (vitamins A, B12, C, D, and K), inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (vitamin D), anti-inflammatory (vitamins A, D, E, and K) and antioxidant effects (vitamins A, C, and E), decrease of homocysteine level (vitamin B12), and reversing calcification of arteries (vitamin K). Vitamins A, B12, C, D, E, and K status is important in evaluating cardiovascular risk, and vitamin supplementation may be an effective, individualized, and inexpensive destiffening therapy.

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Mantle, David. "Nutritional supplementation for vitamin B12 and vitamin K2 deficiency following ileostomy or colostomy formation". Gastrointestinal Nursing 18, Sup4 (1 de mayo de 2020): S12—S16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/gasn.2020.18.sup4.s12.

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Most dietary vitamins and minerals are absorbed from the duodenal and jejunal sections of the small bowel. The exceptions are vitamin B12 and vitamin K2, which are absorbed from the terminal ileum and colon respectively. Patients who have undergone ileostomy or colostomy procedures are at risk of deficiency of these vitamins, with associated risk of developing anaemia and nervous system dysfunction (vitamin B12), and bone weakening and cardiovascular disease (vitamin K2). Patients should therefore be monitored for deficiency of these vitamins, which may develop over a protracted period of time. Patients lacking the terminal ileum or colon can still absorb supplemental vitamins B12 or K2 given orally, provided a sufficient loading dose is given to facilitate absorption from the remaining gastrointestinal tract.

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Lai, Jun S., M. Na’im Mohamad Ayob, Shirong Cai, Phaik Ling Quah, Peter D. Gluckman, Lynette P. Shek, Fabian Yap et al. "Maternal plasma vitamin B12 concentrations during pregnancy and infant cognitive outcomes at 2 years of age". British Journal of Nutrition 121, n.º 11 (2 de abril de 2019): 1303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114519000746.

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AbstractEvidence on long-term influences of maternal vitamin B12 deficiency or concentrations on infant cognition is limited. We examined associations between maternal plasma vitamin B12 and cognitive development in 24-month-old infants. Maternal plasma vitamin B12 concentrations were measured at 26–28 weeks’ gestation; infant cognitive development was assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III at 24 months, for 443 mother–infant pairs from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes cohort. Linear regressions adjusted for key confounders examined associations of maternal vitamin B12 with cognitive, receptive and expressive language, fine and gross motor subscales. Co-occurrence of maternal vitamin B12 with folate or vitamin B6 insufficiencies on child’s cognition was explored. Average maternal plasma vitamin B12 concentrations was 220·5 ± 80·5 pmol/l; 15 % and 41 % of mothers were vitamin B12 deficient (<148 pmol/l) and insufficient (148–220·9 pmol/l), respectively. Infants of mothers with vitamin B12 deficiency had 0·42 (95 % CI −0·70, −0·14) sd lower cognitive scores, compared with infants of mothers with sufficient vitamin B12. Co-occurrence of maternal vitamins B12 and B6 insufficiencies was associated with 0·37 (95 % CI −0·69, −0·06) sd lower cognitive scores in infants compared with infants of mothers sufficient in both vitamins. No significant associations were observed with other subscales. Study findings suggest the possible need to ensure adequate vitamin B12 during pregnancy. The impact of co-occurrence of maternal B-vitamins insufficiencies on early cognitive development warrants further investigation.

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Rezazadeh, Fahimeh y Sara Haghighat. "Serum Vitamin Profile in Oral Lichen Planus Patients in Southwest of Iran". BioMed Research International 2021 (24 de febrero de 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8627435.

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Introduction. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucocutaneous disease. It is mainly an immune system-related disorder. Vitamins can modulate immune system functions, and thus, vitamin deficiency might have roles in exacerbating OLP. We aim to determine the serum levels of vitamins A, B12, C, D3, and E in OLP patients. Methods and Materials. 34 OLP patients referred to Shiraz Dental School entered the study. Blood samples were collected and levels of A, B12, C, D3, and E vitamins were measured in serum. 43 healthy people were also included as the control group. Serum levels of vitamins were measured by HPLC (A, B12, D3, and E) and Kiazist analyzing kit (vitamin C). Results. Most of the patients were female (62.3%), and the mean age of patients was 48.03 ± 11.57 . Serum levels of vitamins A, C, and E were lower in OLP patients in comparison with the healthy group; however, the difference was not significant. Vitamins B12 and D3 were higher in the OLP group but the difference was not significant. Conclusion. Serum levels of vitamins A, B12, C, D3, and E do not have a significant difference in OLP patients and healthy groups. These vitamins may not have a considerable role in OLP pathogenesis in the southwest of Iran.

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El-Kholy, Mohamed Soliman, Zenat Abd El-Gawad Ibrahim, Mohamed Mamdoh El-Mekkawy y Mahmoud Alagawany. "Influence of in Ovo Administration of Some Water-Soluble Vitamins on Hatchability Traits, Growth, Carcass Traits and Blood Chemistry of Japanese Quails". Annals of Animal Science 19, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2019): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2018-0041.

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AbstractA total of 450 fertile Japanese quail eggs were used to determine the impacts of in ovo administration of water-soluble vitamins (C, B6 and B12) on the growth performance, carcass traits, hematological and biochemical blood parameters as well as the immune response of Japanese quails. On the 7th day of incubation, the eggs were allocated to five groups: un-injected, 0.1 ml/egg saline, 1 mg/egg vitamin C, 150 µg/egg vitamin B6 and 20 µg/egg vitamin B12. The percentage of early embryonic mortality was increased (P≤0.001) in all treated groups versus the control group. Chicks that hatched from eggs injected with 1 mg/egg vitamin C exhibited a significantly greater (P≤0.05) live body weight (LBW) than those from the control and saline groups. During 0–2 weeks of age, the chicks hatched from eggs injected with vitamins displayed better feed conversion than the positive or negative controls. In ovo injection of vitamins had no significant effect on all carcass traits. In ovo injection with vitamins C, B6 and B12 increased plasma total protein and its fractions compared with the control. Plasma levels of total lipids and cholesterol were decreased in chicks hatched from eggs injected with 1 mg/egg vitamin C, 150 µg/egg vitamin B6 or 20 µg/egg vitamin B12 compared with those hatched from control eggs. Plasma T3 and T4 were increased in chicks hatched from eggs injected with vitamin C, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12. The relative weights of the bursa of Fabricius and thymus were significantly (P=0.002 or 0.003) increased in the birds hatched from eggs injected with vitamins compared with those in the control or saline group. Thus, in ovo injection of vitamins C, B6 and B12 improved the blood profile and immune response of Japanese quail.

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Girard, C. L. y J. J. Matte. "Impact of B-vitamin supply on major metabolic pathways of lactating dairy cows". Canadian Journal of Animal Science 86, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2006): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a05-058.

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Knowledge of the major nutrient requirements of dairy cows has increased substantially during the past decades. Little is known, however, about the importance of the roles played by B vitamins. Since most of those vitamins act as essential cofactors in energy, protein and lipid metabolism, it is likely that as milk yield increases, the demand for these cofactors also increases. The supply of B vitamins from dietary sources and synthesis by the ruminal microflora is generally sufficient to avoid deficiency symptoms, but could be insufficient for optimizing metabolic efficiency, production, composition and the nutritional quality of milk in high-producing dairy cows. Results from recent experiments show how the supply of three B vitamins — folic acid, biotin and vitamin B12 — affects major metabolic pathways. Supplementary biotin has frequently been reported to increase milk yield but has a limited effect on milk composition. Folic acid supplements have been found to increase milk and milk protein yields in multiparous cows without affecting dry matter intake when vitamin B12 supply was adequate. An insufficient vitamin B12 supply blocked those effects but they can be restored through vitamin B12 supplementation. Supplemental vitamin B12 and biotin increased milk and milk protein yields without changing dry matter intake. Vitamin B12 utilization by tissues increased in cows fed supplementary folic acid simultaneously; plasma glucose also increased in these cows but plasma biotin decreased. From these findings, it appears that, in high-producing dairy cows, especially in early lactation, the strong competition for nutrients that occurs between gluconeogenesis, methylneogenesis and protein synthesis increases the amount of folic acid, vitamin B12 and biotin required to maintain metabolic efficiency, especially when the nutrient supply is limited. These observations emphasize the need to review the paradigm according to which B-vitamin supply by ruminal microflora cannot be limiting in dairy cow. Key words: Dairy cow, B vitamins, folic acid, vitamin B12, biotin, lactation, metabolism

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Baltrusch, Simone. "The Role of Neurotropic B Vitamins in Nerve Regeneration". BioMed Research International 2021 (13 de julio de 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9968228.

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Damage and regeneration naturally occur in the peripheral nervous system. The neurotropic B vitamins thiamine (B1), pyridoxine (B6), and cobalamin (B12) are key players, which maintain the neuronal viability in different ways. Firstly, they constantly protect nerves against damaging environmental influences. While vitamin B1 acts as a site-directed antioxidant, vitamin B6 balances nerve metabolism, and vitamin B12 maintains myelin sheaths. However, nerve injury occurs at times, because of an imbalance between protective factors and accumulating stress and noxae. This will result in the so-called Wallerian degeneration process. The presence of vitamins B1, B6, and B12 paves the way out to the following important regeneration by supporting the development of new cell structures. Furthermore, vitamin B1 facilitates the usage of carbohydrates for energy production, whereas vitamin B12 promotes nerve cell survival and remyelination. Absence of these vitamins will favor permanent nerve degeneration and pain, eventually leading to peripheral neuropathy.

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Fahad Aldaihani, Saad. "VITAMIN DEFICIENCY AND FOOD SUPPLEMENTS". International Journal of Advanced Research 9, n.º 12 (31 de diciembre de 2021): 540–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13941.

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Vitamins are a heterogeneous group of organic compounds that help ensure the human bodys wellbeing and function. This paper introduces the importance of all vitamins, both water-soluble and fat-soluble, as well as problems deriving from their deficiency. Additionally, vitamin supplements as part of treating vitamin deficiency, and possible harmful effects on the human body areshowcased. The main focus of the paper is on the vitamin B complex, and vitamin B12 specifically. The benefits of vitamin B12, as well as its action in the human body and the noxious effects of any lack of vitamin B12 in the human body, are also discussed. Some of the health conditionsan individual may need to face when they have vitamin B12 deficiency include neural tube defects, Alzheimers disease, depression, and megaloblastic anaemia, which are also introduced and further discussed, in terms of symptomatology, causes and suggested treatment. The toxicity of vitamin B12 is also introduced, and possible causes for vitamin B12 deficiency are showcased.

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Ismael Ibrahim, Gulzar, Hemn Jameel Majeed, Pshtiwan Abdullah Yousif y Saman Muhsin Abdulkareem. "Association between Serum Levels of Vitamin D, Vitamin B12 and Folate with Oxidative Biomarkers in Diabetic Type 2 Patients in People in Erbil City: A Case-Control Study". Diyala Journal of Medicine 19, n.º 2 (15 de diciembre de 2020): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.26505/djm.19025660915.

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Background: Diabetes mellitus is the largest endocrine disorder in the world that refers to chronic hyperglycemia caused by impairment in both insulin secretion and action. Folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin D deficiency are related to the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective: This study has been carried out to investigate the role of folate, vitamins B12, and D status during the progression of diabetic type 2 patients compared to non-diabetic control subjects. Patients and Methods: We measured the plasma levels of folate, vitamins B12, and D, along with blood glucose, HbA1c, and oxidative biomarkers in 50 diabetic type 2 patients and 50 healthy subjects used as a control group. Results: The findings revealed that the serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly increased in diabetic patients compared to healthy subjects, and the serum level of nitric oxide (NO) in T2D patients lower than in control. The concentration of vitamin D, B12, and folate in T2D patients significantly lower than non-T2D control. The results also showed a significant relationship between serum vitamin D, MDA, and NO with HbA1c, while there was an insignificant correlation between vitamin B12 and folate with HbA1c. Conclusion: The oxidative biomarkers and vitamins D, B12, and folate level can play an important role in the development and progression of T2D. Keywords: Oxidative Stress, Vitamin D, Vitamin B12, Folic acid, type 2 diabetes

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Hoffmann, Jessica, Stefan Busse, Franz von Hoff, Katrin Borucki, Thomas Frodl y Mandy Busse. "Association Between Homocysteine and Vitamin Levels in Demented Patients". Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 81, n.º 4 (15 de junio de 2021): 1781–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-201481.

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Background: Although it is known that the nutritional status among elderly persons and, in particular, patients with dementia, is compromised, malnutrition that results in insufficient uptake of several vitamins is often not diagnosed. Objective: An elevated homocysteine level is a known strong risk factor for vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Several B vitamins are involved in the metabolism of homocysteine. Therefore, we investigated the serum levels of vitamin B1, vitamin B6, folate, and vitamin B12 in 97 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or different forms of dementia and 54 elderly control persons without dementia. Results: Compared to aged non-demented people, vitamins B1, B6, B12, and folate were decreased in serum of patients with AD, and patients with Lewy body dementia had reduced vitamin B12 level. Vitamin B6 was diminished in VaD. Patients with frontotemporal dementia showed no alterations in vitamin levels. Age was identified as an important factor contributing to the concentrations of vitamin B1 and B6 in serum, but not vitamin B12 and folate. Increased levels of total homocysteine were detected especially in MCI and AD. Homocysteine correlated negatively with levels of vitamins B6, B12, and folate and positively with Q Albumin. Conclusion: Our data suggest that despite increased homocysteine already present in MCI, vitamin levels are decreased only in dementia. We propose to determine the vitamin levels in patients with cognitive decline, but also elderly people in general, and recommend supplementing these nutrients if needed.

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Fenti, Fenti, Agustinus Widodo y Jamaluddin Jamaluddin. "ANALYSIS OF VITAMIN B-COMPLEX OF EEL FISH (ANGUILLA MARMORATA (Q.) GAIMARD) ON ELVER PHASE ORIGIN LAKE POSO". Ghidza: Jurnal Gizi dan Kesehatan 2, n.º 2 (10 de enero de 2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/gjgk.v2i2.11321.

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Background & Objective: Vitamins are complex organic substances that are needed by the body in small amounts, usually cannot be synthesized by the body but are important in metabolic processes one of which is vitamin B. Vitamin B consists of vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B9 and B12. Eel is one of the fish that has a high nutrient content, one of which is vitamin B. This study aims to determine the levels of vitamin B (B1, B2, B3, B6, B9 and B12) in Eel fish (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) on Elver phase from Lake Poso. Material and Methods: Determination of vitamin B1, B2, B3, B6 and B9 using HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography), and vitamin B12 using LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) . Results: The levels of vitamin B2, B3 and B12is 0.133 mg/100g, 1.895 mg/100g, and 0.017mg/100g, whereas in vitamin B1, B6 and B9 is not detected. Conclusion: Eel fish (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) on Elver phase from Lake Poso can be used as a source of vitamins B2, B3 and B12.

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Cazacu, Nicoleta, Claudia G. Chilom, Melinda David y Monica Florescu. "Conformational Changes in the BSA-LT4 Complex Induced by the Presence of Vitamins: Spectroscopic Approach and Molecular Docking". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n.º 8 (11 de abril de 2022): 4215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084215.

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Levothyroxine (LT4) is known for its use in various conditions including hypothyroidism. LT4 interaction with serum albumin may be influenced by the presence of vitamins. For this reason, we investigated the effect of vitamin C, vitamin B12, and folic acid on the complex of Bovine Serum Albumin with LT4 (BSA-LT4). UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to monitor the influence of vitamins on the BSA-LT4 complex. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed a static quenching mechanism of the fluorescence of BSA-LT4 complex by the vitamin C and folic acid and a combined mechanism for vitamin B12. The interaction of vitamin C and folic acid with BSA-LT4 was moderate, while the binding of vitamin B12 was much stronger, extending the storage time of LT4 in blood plasma. Synchronous fluorescence found that the vitamins were closer to the vicinity of Trp than to Tyr and the effect was more pronounced for the binding of vitamin B12. The thermal stability of the BSA-LT4 complex was more evident, but no influence on the stability of BSA-LT4 complex was obtained for vitamin C. Molecular docking studies showed that vitamin C and folic acid bound the same site of the protein, while vitamin B12 bonded to a different site.

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Rahman, Md Mizanur, Noorzahan Begum, Mahadi Abdur Rouf y Shahriar Masood. "Synergistic Antinociceptive, Anti-inflammatory Interaction between Vitamin B12 and Ketorolac in Long Evans Rats". European Journal of Clinical Medicine 2, n.º 3 (9 de julio de 2021): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/clinicmed.2021.2.3.94.

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In certain painful disorders, B12 vitamins have been documented to be clinically useful alone or paired with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, it has not been identified to equate these effects with related effects of ketorolac tromethamine (KT) and their combination. To test and compare the effects of vitamin B12 on pain with those of the combination of vitamin B12 with KT in rat models. This experimental research was performed at the Department of Physiology, BSMMU. The control (A, A1 with 5 ml/kg normal saline) and experimental (B1, B1a with 15 mg/kg B12; B2, B2a with 10 mg/kg KT; B3, B3a with B12+KT) groups of 5 rats in each group were divided into 40 (forty) long Evans rats (215±35 gm) of either sex. Both medications and vitamins were administered intraperitoneally in a single dose just one hour prior to the writhing and paw edema test caused by formalin. The statistical study was carried out by ANOVA, followed by the post-hoc Bonferroni test. In the interpretation of outcomes, p≤0.05 was regarded as significant. B12 lowered only the writhing count and KT lowered both writhing appearance latency time and writhing count significantly (p≤0.001) in the writhing test. However, the combination of B12 and KT significantly (p≤0.001) lowered both the study variables in the writhing test. In addition, KT lowered edema volume significantly (p≤0.01) in the paw edema test. The combination of B12 and KT, on the other hand, substantially (p≤0.001) decreased the amount of edema in the paw edema test. It can be concluded that vitamin B12 has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, and that the combination of B12 with KT is more effective than when administered individually.

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Candito, Mirande, Bakhouche Houcher, François Roux, Genevieve Potier de Courcy, Anne Caramella, Frederick Berthier, Abdelhamid Aberkane y Emmanuel Van Obberghen E. "Influence of Meal on Plasma Folate and Vitamin Β12, by Three Methods - and on Vitamin B6, Homocysteine and Red Blood Cell Folate". Pteridines 16, n.º 1 (febrero de 2005): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pteridines.2005.16.1.22.

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Abstract Vitamins are brought by meals. Some of them are cofactors in homocysteine metabolism, and, if plasma homocysteine values are not known to have a circadian rhythm, little is known about meal influence on blood folate, and vitamins Β12 and B6. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of breakfast and lunch on plasma folate, vitamins B12 and B6. homocysteine and red cell folate (RCF) in 13 subjects; and, in 6 of them, to compare plasma folate and vitamin Β12 values with three analytical methods. In the 13 subjects, folate, vitamins B12 and B6 and RCF were analyzed by RIA, homocysteine by fluorescence polarization immunoassay and vitamin B6 by HPLC. In 6 of the subjects, additionally, plasma folate and vitamin Β12 were analyzed by microbiology and by enzymoimmunoassay (EIA). Mean plasma folate levels at 11AM. 2PM, and 4PM were not significantly different, compared with 9AM mean values, independent of the method, while, when analyzed by microbiology, mean vitamin B12 concentrations decreased significantly (-12%), but not by RIA or by microbiology. Plasma folate concentrations, obtained by the different methods, and RCF concentrations were correlated, as for vitamin B12 concentrations. But, when analyzed by EIA. vitamin B12 v alues were higher than by the two other methods. We conclude that plasma folate levels were constant at the different sampling hours, while vitamin B12 levels were decreased at 11AM, 2PM and 4PM, when compared with the fasting concentrations, and when assayed by microbiology. No difference was seen by RIA or by EIA. The evaluation of clinical data is not easy, due to the lack of a standardized analytical method, and international standards are needed.

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Golovach, P. I., B. V. Gutyj, I. A. Kolomiiets, D. D. Ostapiv, R. S. Oseredchuk y O. M. Sloboda. "The effect of B groups vitamins (B1, B2, B5, B6, B10, B12) on the activity of antioxidants protection system enzymes and the content of lipids peroxide oxidation products in the blood of feeding cattle". Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 25, n.º 112 (3 de diciembre de 2023): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet11203.

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The article highlights the specifics of the effect of various doses of a complex of B vitamins (B1, B2, B5, B6, B10, B12) on the activity of critical enzymes of the body's antioxidant defense system (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and the content of peroxide oxidation products (diene conjugates and Malan dialdehyde) in the blood of cattle at the final stage of fattening. The research was conducted during the winter-spring stall on 12-month-old Ukrainian black-spotted dairy cows. According to the principle of analogs, five groups of experimental animals (control and four experimental) were formed, each with six heads. The experiment lasted six months. The rations for the research groups of Bugai cattle are prepared by the recommended norms, taking into account the chemical composition of the fodder of the given area, the age of the animals, live weight, and the planned average daily growth. The silage type of fattening was used for feeding the Bugai cattle. The basis of our dosage of various vitamins of group B for fattening steers of experimental groups is the appropriate percentage of the recommended doses of individual vitamins of group B for fattening pigs (10 % – D1, 20 % – D2, 40 % – D3, 60 % – D4 group). The conducted studies established that the addition of a complex of B vitamins (B1, B2, B5, B6, B10, B12) balanced in terms of nutrients and minerals and fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E to the diet of fattening bulls in appropriate doses causes an increase in activity of critical enzymes of the antioxidant defense system in the blood of fattening bulls (the activity of superoxide dismutase increases the most (by 8.9–28.4 %)) and a decrease in the content of both primary (diene conjugates) and secondary (malanic dialdehyde) products of lipid peroxidation in the blood of fattening bulls, which depends on the dose of B vitamins added to the diet (B1, B2, B5, B6, B10, B12). The most significant change in terms of morphological composition in animals third (B1 – 0.040; B2 – 0.06; B5 – 1.2; B6 – 0.25; B10 – 0.0030; B12 – 0.0006 mg/kg body weight) and fourth (B1 – 0.070; B2 – 0.10; B5 – 2.0; B6 – 0.40; B10 – 0.0050; B12 – 0.0010 mg/kg body weight) research groups, and smallest – in bull Ist (B1 – 0.015; B2 – 0.03; B5 – 0.5; B6 – 0.10; B10 – 0.0012; B12 – 0.0002 mg/kg body weight) and research group, which is associated with dose introduced to the diet of calves during the final fattening phase of B vitamins (B1, B2, B5, B6, B10, B12).

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Matte, J. J., F. Guay y C. L. Girard. "Folic acid and vitamin B12 in reproducing sows: New concepts". Canadian Journal of Animal Science 86, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2006): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a05-059.

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In pig nutrition, the present gaps in the information on B-complex vitamins have important implications for empiricism and disparities in dietary recommendations. This is particularly true for folic acid (B9) and vitamin B12. Recent studies suggest that the beneficial effects of B9 on sow prolificacy may be due to enhanced embryo development and survival. Embryo synthesis of estrogens and uterine secretions of prostanoids and cytokines during attachment appear to be key factors in vitamin B9 regulation of embryo development. Nevertheless, embryo and uterine responses to B9 are often more pronounced in multiparous sows than in gilts. This parity effect on B9 responses can be attributed to the metabolic interaction with another vitamin, specifically B12. The two vitamins are essential for modulating the transfer of one-carbon groups for protein and DNA synthesis, methylation and gene expression. The metabolic pathway involved is the remethylation of methionine from an intermediary metabolite, homocysteine. A deficiency in B9 or B12 mayinduce a local or systemic accumulation of homocysteine, a powerful pro-oxidant known to impair embryo development. It appears that B12 status, which is about two times lower in gilts than in multiparous sows, could be a limiting factor for the action of vitamin B9 on uterus and embryo metabolism during the first pregnancy. Vitamin B12 status is particularly critical since, in early gestation, the sow uterus drains off a massive amount of B12, representing two to three times the B12 plasma pool. Dietary B12, at levels 10 times higher than recommended, have been found to maximize B12 status and minimize homocysteine accumulation in first parity sows. It appears that an optimum B9:B12 ratio, which has yet to be estimated, would enable vitamin B9 to have full beneficial effects on sow prolificacy. In the future, it is likely that there will be an even greater need for updated information on the requirements for B-complex vitamins given the “dietary fine tuning” that is necessary for the highly producing pigs that have been selected in recent decades. Key words: Folic acid, vitamin B12, reproduction, pig

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Mihaljev, Željko, Milica Živkov Baloš y Sandra Jakšić. "POSSIBILITY OF DETERMINING VITAMIN B12 IN VITAMIN PREMIXES AND FEED ADDITIVES USING AAS METHOD". Archives of Veterinary Medicine 1, n.º 2 (29 de diciembre de 2008): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v1i2.233.

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Since vitamin B12 has important metabolic functions, but is unable sufficiently to synthesize into organisms of domestic animals (especially non-ruminants), special attention is given to adding B12 into feed. The needs for this vitamin are provided through vitamin premixes, so determining the quantity of B12 in the samples is of utmost importance. When standard chemical methods are applied extraction and purification are required. In this paper is described a method where the content of B12 in premix with high level of different vitamins is determined through an indirect method: measuring the level of cobalt using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The content of B12 was determined from the content of cobalt. The obtained results show that in the samples of pure B12 vitamin (used as an additive to feed) the measured values were lesser than 2% comparing to the expected values. In vitamin premixes the measured values of group B and vitamin premixes of vitamin B group and other (A, D, E) vitamins, the measured values differed from those given on the declaration, and the difference was lesser than 5%. The obtained results point that determining vitamin B12 by measuring cobalt content using AAS method is a fast, accurate and simple method that can be applied in examining all the feed samples.

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Yamada, Keiko, Michiko Shimodaira, Seiko Chida, Noriko Yamada, Norio Matsushima, Morimichi Fukuda y Shoji Yamada. "Degradation of Vitamin B12 in Dietary Supplements". International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 78, n.º 45 (1 de mayo de 2008): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.78.45.195.

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Beverages and solid dietary supplements rich in various added vitamins and minerals have recently become available. It seems reasonable to consider that the intake of these foods is convenient for easy ingestion of nutrients, but problems caused by blending different nutrients in high concentrations have arisen. We focused on vitamin B12 (B12) among vitamins and determinded the B12 contents of beverages and solid dietary supplements purchased from a retail shop. The B12 contents of three of five beverges were less than stated on the labels. On the other hand, certain beverages unexpectedly contained much more B12 than stated on the labels. In these beverages the amount of B12 decreased rapidly with time, whereas B12 content was lower than stated on the label in only one of four solid dietary supplements. The content of B12 was affected by storage time, light exposure, temperature and vitamin C. From experimental analysis with a competitive binding assay method employing a ACS Chemiluminescent B12 kit, examining differential binding by intrinsic factors and spectral analysis of B12, it was determined that some of the B12 might have been converted into B12 analogues or small degradation products by multinutrient interaction during storage.

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Kaczkan, Małgorzata, Sylwia Czaja-Stolc, Małgorzata Szczuko, Arleta Drozd, Przemysław Rutkowski, Alicja Dębska-Ślizień y Sylwia Małgorzewicz. "Water-Soluble Vitamins Status in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis". Nutrients 15, n.º 2 (14 de enero de 2023): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15020440.

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The concentration of water-soluble vitamins (except folic acid and vitamin B12) is not routinely measured, which may lead to undiagnosed deficiencies among hemodialysis (HD) patients. The aim of the study was to assess the blood concentration of water-soluble vitamins in HD patients in comparison with healthy subjects and to assess the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) coexistence on the concentration of these vitamins. The two-center study included 142 HD patients and a control group of 31 healthy subjects. Vitamins concentration was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Vitamin B1, B6, and B12 levels were significantly lower in the HD group than in the control group (p < 0.001). Vitamin B1 and B2 were negatively correlated with blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels before HD (R = −0.39, R = −0.38; p < 0.05). Vitamin B3, B12, and C were positively correlated with the albumin concentration (R = 0.26, R = 0.27, R = 0.28; p < 0.05). Among diabetic patients, only the concentration of vitamin B1 was lower than among non-diabetic patients. The concentration of water-soluble vitamins may be related to the adequacy of dialysis, the time of laboratory determination since the last dialysis, diet, coexistence of other diseases, use of drugs, and dietary supplements in individual patients.

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El-Shaheed, Azza Abd, Nermine N. Mahfouz, Mones M. Abushady y Inas R. El-Alameey. "Relation of Serum Micronutrients to Growth and Nutritional Habits of School-Aged Children in Egypt". Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 15, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2022): 775–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2415.

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Proper growth of children depends on several micronutrients. A fundamental role of Zinc and vitamins as A, B12 and D is crucial to prevent a failure to thrive. To study the relationship between Egyptian school aged children growth, nutritional habits and micronutrients deficiencies. Materials and methods: A case control research involved 60 school aged children (age ranged from 6 to 12 years). Group 1 (malnourished) compared with group II (apparently healthy children of matched peers). Serum concentrations of Zinc, Copper, and vitamins as A, B12, and D were measured using ELISA kits. Compared to controls, the cases showed significantly lower serum concentrations of Zinc, vitamin A, B12, and D (P<0.000 in all), while serum concentration of Copper was significantly higher. In the patient's group, serum vitamin B12, and Zinc concentrations showed significant positive correlation with height for age z- score, while serum Copper concentration showed significant negative correlation with BMI for age z- score. Serum Zinc, vitamin B12, and D concentrations were significantly correlated positively with serum vitamin A. Multiple logistic regression showed statistically significant association of high serum Copper and weekly consumption of sweetened beverages among the studied patients (P < 0.01). Vitamins and Zinc deficiencies showed high prevalence among the school children. Serum vitamin B12 and Zinc concentrations showed significant positive correlation with height. The significant association between high serum Copper and sugary beverages among the studied patients may be due to contained preservatives.

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Patino-Alonso, Maria C., Marta Gómez Sánchez, Leticia Gómez Sánchez, Rosario Alonso-Domínguez, Natalia Sánchez-Aguadero, Benigna Sánchez Salgado, Emiliano Rodríguez Sánchez, Luis García Ortiz y Manuel A. Gómez-Marcos. "Multivariate Analysis of Influence of Vitamin Intake on Vascular Function Parameters by Sex in the General Spanish Population: EVA Study". Nutrients 12, n.º 3 (28 de febrero de 2020): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12030643.

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The influence of vitamin intake on vascular function parameters in the Spanish general population has not been studied. The main objective of this study is to analyze the influence of vitamin intake on vascular function and as a secondary objective the adequacy of vitamin intake in a sample of the Spanish population without previous cardiovascular disease and analyze the differences according to sex. Methods: We included 501 individuals obtained by simple random sampling with replacement (reference population 43,946). The average age was 55.90 ± 14.24 years, 49.70% men. Participants recorded the intake of vitamins using the EVIDENT app, previously validated, during a period of 3 days. Vascular function was assessed by measuring carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) with the SphygmoCor device, cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) with the VaSera device and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) by using a validated equation. Results: The vitamins with the least adequate intake was vitamin D, less than 5%, and vitamin B9, less than 35%. Vitamins with an adequate intake percentage, close to 100%, were B12 and B6. The multiple regression analysis showed a negative association between cfPWV and vitamin B2 in both sexes, and a positive one with retinol in men and B3 in women. baPWV was negatively associated with vitamins B1 and B12 in women and B9 in men, while being positively linked with B6 in men. CAVI presented a negative association with vitamin D in women. The results were similar in the canonical correspondence analysis. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the influence of vitamins on vascular function is not homogeneous and varies according to the parameter analyzed. Thus, in men, vitamins B2 and retinol were associated with cfPWV and vitamins B6 and B9 with baPWV. In women, vitamins B2 and B3 were related cfPWV, vitamins B1 and B12 with cfPWV and vitamin D with CAVI.

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Pizova, N. V. "The role of neurotropic B vitamins in clinical practice". Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, n.º 21 (23 de noviembre de 2023): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/ms2023-403.

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B-group vitamins are a collection of 8 water-soluble vitamins. They are cofactors for many enzymes, as well as axonal transport, synthesis of neurotransmitters and other metabolic processes. Their function can be divided into catabolic metabolism, leading to energy production, and anabolic metabolism. Some B vitamins are considered neurotrophic and play a particularly important role in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Neurotropic B-group vitamins (B1 – thiamine, B6 – pyridoxine and B12 – cyanocobalamin) play the role of modulators for the treatment of inflammation and pain, they are essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system. B vitamin deficiencies have been considered as etiological factors in the development of various neurological disorders and a broad spectrum of pathological states. The work examines in detail vitamins B1, B6 and B12 and their effect on the course of neuropathies, movement disorders, nociceptive and neuropathic pain. The issues of the synergistic action of these vitamins are highlighted. Evidence of neurotropic B vitamin treatment effectiveness of neuropathy symptoms in different groups of patients is presented. The possibility to use vitamin B1 and B6 complex in clinical practice under the condition of individual intolerance of vitamin B12 is discussed. Information about Cytipigam® compositum as a drug containing B1 and B6 is provided. A clinical case report on the effective use of this drug in clinical practice is described.

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Koprivica, Marko, Jelena Bjelanovic y Radmila Velicki. "The effects of vitamin B12 deficiency". Medical review 74, n.º 11-12 (2021): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns2112391k.

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Vitamin B12 is one of the most important B vitamins. This vitamin has an important role in cellular metabolism and is also associated with folate and vitamin B6 metabolism. Vitamin B12 deficiency occurs as a result of some diseases, the use of certain medications, or inadequate nutrition. It primarily affects the elderly and women, but is also common among the pediatric population. The B12 deficiency mostly affects the functions of the nervous and hematopoietic systems but it can also affect the skin, heart, bones, and eyes. The treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency includes oral or intramuscular vitamin B12 supplementation according to different treatment regimens.

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Liu, Xi-Xi, Peng-Fei Wu, Ying-Zi Liu, Ya-Ling Jiang, Mei-Dan Wan, Xue-Wen Xiao, Qi-Jie Yang et al. "Association Between Serum Vitamins and the Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease in Chinese Population". Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 85, n.º 2 (18 de enero de 2022): 829–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-215104.

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Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic and fatal neurodegenerative disease; accumulating evidence suggests that vitamin deficiency is associated with the risk of AD. However, studies attempting to elucidate the relationship between vitamins and AD varied widely. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin levels and AD in a cohort of the Chinese population. Methods: A total of 368 AD patients and 574 healthy controls were recruited in this study; serum vitamin A, B1, B6, B9, B12, C, D, and E were measured in all participants. Results: Compared with the controls, vitamin B2, B9, B12, D, and E were significantly reduced in AD patients. Lower levels of vitamin B2, B9, B12, D, and E were associated with the risk of AD. After adjusting for age and gender, low levels of vitamin B2, B9, and B12 were still related to the risk of AD. In addition, a negative correlation was determined between vitamin E concentration and Activity of Daily Living Scale score while no significant association was found between serum vitamins and age at onset, disease duration, Mini-Mental State Examination, and Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire score. Conclusion: We conclude that lower vitamin B2, B9, B12, D, and E might be associated with the risk of AD, especially vitamin B2, B9, and B12. And lower vitamin E might be related to severe ability impairment of daily activities.

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Pinzon, Rizaldy Taslim, Ester Novitasari y Nining Sri Wuryaningsih. "Perbedaan Kadar Leukosit dan Limfosit Paska Pemberian Kombinasi Vitamin B Parenteral Pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik dengan Hemodialisis". Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran Wijaya Kusuma 10, n.º 1 (25 de marzo de 2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/jikw.v10i1.1083.

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Chronic kidney disease is a disease in which kidney function decreases progressively irreversibly with various etiologies. Patients with chronic kidney disease are generally immunosuppressed and susceptible to infection. Some of the causes are abnormalities in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes. The results of several studies indicate that patients undergoing hemodialysis have low levels of water-soluble vitamins. A decrease in the number of leukocytes can also occur due to a decrease in neutrophils and lymphocytes which may be caused by deficiency of vitamins B6 and B12 due to hemodialysis. This study aims to measure the difference in levels of leukocytes and lymphocytes after parenteral vitamin B combination administration in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis This research is a quasi-experimental design, One Group Pretest Posttest, on 115 selected patients. Patients were given vitamin B1 ,B6 ,B12 parenterally every time doing hemodialysis, twice a week given for 1 month during hemodialysis. The data were taken in the form of leukocyte count, patient lymphocyte percentage, and absolute lymphocyte concentration. The intervention of vitamins B1, B6, B12 was given parenterally to the patient. After collect the data, the leukocyte counts, lymphocyte percentage and absolute lymphocyte concentration before and after the intervention were seen, then it was seen how the effect of parenteral administration of vitamins B1 ,B6 ,B12 on the leukocyte count, lymphocyte percentage and absolute lymphocyte concentration in patients undergoing hemodialysis. From the results of the study, there were 115 patients consisted of 72 men (62.6%) and 43 women (37.4%). There was a difference and effect of giving combination vitamin B in the form of a significant change in the mean number of leukocytes at visits 1-2 with p-value = 0.033. There was a change in the mean of lymphocyte percentage and absolute lymphocyte concentration after administering vitamins B1, B6 ,B12 , but the changes were not significant.

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Litvyak, Vladimir V., Svetlana T. Bykova, Yuri F. Roslyakov y Lidia B. Kuzina. "SAFE FOOD FOR PATIENTS WITH PHENYLKETONURIA: AN INNOVATIVE METHOD OF PRODUCING PROTEIN-FREE PASTA PRODUCTS". Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture 14, n.º 1 (28 de febrero de 2022): 380–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-6649-2022-14-1-380-403.

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Background. At the moment, there is only a little information about the formulations of protein-free food products. Therefore, developing innovative methods of obtaining protein-free pasta is relevant for medicine and dietetics. The object of study. Phenylketonuria, pasta from native starches, extrusion starches, dried fruit puree, modified cellulose, gum, free amino acids, vitamins, minerals, salt. Results. The article, for the first time, proposes an original method for the production of pasta with low protein content, including dough preparation, shaping, and drying, which differs from previously known ones in that starch (potato or corn, or tapioca, or rice, or wheat, or their mixtures of various ratios) extrusion modified, modified cellulose and gum: guar or xanthan, as an enriching additive are used: vitamins and vitamin-like substances: A or C, or B1, or B2, or B3, or B4, or B5, or B6, or B7 or B8 or B9 or B10 or B11 or B12 or Bs or B13 or B14 or B15 or D or E or H or H1 or P or K or N, or Q, or U, β-carotene, or mixtures thereof in various ratios, free amino acids: ala or gly, or val, or ser, or leu, or ile, or pro, or thr, or his, or met, or cys, or tyr, or trp, or asn, or asp, or gln, or glu, or arg, or lys, or mixtures thereof various ratios, minerals: Ca3(PO4)2 or MgO, or FeSO4, or ZnO, or CuSO4, or MnSO4, or Na2SeO3, or KI, or mixtures thereof in various ratios or dry puree from: apples or papayas, or pears, or persimmons, or pomegranate, or melon, or grapes, or mango, or figs, or radishes, or cashews, or pineapple, or tangerines, and as a food flavor – salt: sea, table or table iodized, as well as their mixtures of various ratios, are prepared kneading the dough with a total moisture content of the mixture of 35%, then molding is carried out at 60–85°C and drying at 25°C for 24 hours. Conclusion. The following mixtures are the most optimal: 1) amino acids: ala, arg, asp, cys, gly, glu, his, ile, leu, met, pro, ser, thr, trp, tyr, val at a ratio of 1.8: 2: 6 .2 : 2.1 : 1 : 11.7 : 1.3 : 3.8 : 11.6 : 4.8 : 1.4 : 4.1 : 3.5 : 3.2 : 1.6 : 3 .7: 3.4; 2) vitamins and vitamin-like substances: A, D3, E, β-carotene, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, B12, B7, C at a ratio of 132.1 : 2.4 : 8095 : 57.1 : 50 : 71.4 : 476.2 : 595.2 : 23.8 : 11.9 : 1 : 1.7 : 9523.8; 3) minerals: Ca3(PO4)2, MgO, FeSO4, ZnO, CuSO4, MnSO4, Na2SeO3, KI at a ratio of 34000 : 3000 : 70 : 300 : 40 : 1000 : 1 : 7.

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Onibala, Aurelia R., Christi D. Mambo y Angelina S. R. Masengi. "Peran Vitamin dalam Penanganan Penyakit Parkinson". JURNAL BIOMEDIK (JBM) 13, n.º 3 (2 de agosto de 2021): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.35790/jbm.13.3.2021.31956.

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Abstrak: Penyakit Parkinson atau Parkinson’s disease (PD) merupakan penyakit neurodegeneratif yang bersifat kronis, progresif, dan tidak dapat disembuhkan sehingga penyakit ini memiliki dampak sosial yang besar. Pengobatan yang digunakan saat ini tidak dapat menghentikan perjalanan PD dan memiliki efek samping yang merugikan. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan terapi tambahan dengan risiko efek samping yang lebih rendah seperti vitamin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui vitamin apa saja yang berperan dan bagaimana mekanisme peran vitamin tersebut dalam membantu penanganan PD. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Literature Review. Berdasarkan artikel yang dianalisis, vitamin memiliki peran dalam penanganan PD. Vitamin A (9-cis-retinoic acid) bermanfaat melalui mekanisme neuroproteksi pada neuron dopaminergik. Vitamin B3 (niasin) berpotensi dalam mengurangi peradangan saraf. Vitamin B12 dalam penelitian in vitro berperan melalui mekanisme inhibisi terhadap agregasi α-synuclein, menghambat aktivitas kinase leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), dan mencegah neurotoksisitas. Vitamin C (asam askorbat) efektif untuk menurunkan stres oksidatif. Vitamin E memiliki efek antiinflamasi dan antioksidan serta dapat meningkatkan kapasitas antioksidan total, dan meningkatkan GSH. Penggunaan vitamin A (9-cis-retinoic acid), vitamin B3, vitamin B12, vitamin C (dalam dosis dan jangka waktu tertentu), dan vitamin E bermanfaat untuk agen terapeutik PD. Vitamin B12, berdasarkan literature review perlu penelitian lebih lanjut namun tampaknya dapat menjadi terapi pendukung PD.Kata kunci: Vitamin, Penyakit Parkinson, Stres Oksidatif, Peradangan Saraf Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive, and incurable neurodegenerative disease that has a major social impact. The medications currently used cannot stop the course of PD and have adverse side effects. Therefore additional therapy with a lower risk of side effects such as vitamins is needed. This study aims to determine which vitamins play a role and how the mechanism of the role of these vitamins in helping treat PD. This research was conducted using the Literature Review method. Based on the articles analyzed, vitamins have a role in the management of PD. Vitamin A (9-cis-retinoic acid) is beneficial through neuroprotection in dopaminergic neurons. Vitamin B3 (niacin) has the potential to reduce nerve inflammation. Vitamin B12 in in vitro studies plays a role through inhibitory mechanisms of α-synuclein aggregation, inhibits the activity of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), and prevents neurotoxicity. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is effective for reducing oxidative stress. Vitamin E has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and can increase the total antioxidant capacity and increase GSH. The use of vitamin A (9-cis-retinoic acid), vitamin B3, vitamin B12, vitamin C (in certain doses and for a certain time), and vitamin E are beneficial for the therapeutic agent of PD. For vitamin B12, based on the literature review, further research is needed but seems to be a supportive therapy for PD.Keywords: Vitamins, Parkinson's Disease, Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation

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Ghanim, Waleed K. y Nada N. Al-Shawi. "Evaluating the Effects of Different Doses of Vitamin B2 and Single Dose of Vitamin B12 Against Myelosuppression Induced by Cyclophosphamide in Experimental Rats". Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512) 29, n.º 1 (25 de junio de 2020): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol29iss1pp134-142.

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Cyclophosphamide is chemotherapeutic agent that utilized for the treatment of different malignancies; however its’ used associated with numerous adverse effects. Vitamin B2 and vitamin B12 suggested having myeloprotective effect. This work is designed to investigate the myeloprotective effect of both vitamins against cyclophosphamide induced myelosuppression. One hundred adult rats of both sexes were used in this study. The animals were randomly enrolled into ten groups of 10 rats each. Group I: Control group. Group II: Cyclophosphamide-treated. Group III and Group IV Orally-administered vitamin B2 (10, and 40 mg/kg/day), respectively alone for 7 days. Group V: Orally-administered vitamin B12 (0.1 mg/kg/day) alone for 7 days. Group VI and Group VII: Orally-administered vitamin B2 (10, and 40 mg/kg/day), respectively for 7 days and a single IP injection of cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg) at day 7.Group VIII: Orally-administered vitamin B12 (0.1 mg/kg/day) for 7 days and a single IP injection of cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg) at day 7. Group IX: Orally-administered a combination of vitamin B2 (10 mg/kg/day) and vitamin B12 (0.1 mg/kg/day) for 7 days and a single IP injection of cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg) at day 7. Group X: orally-administered a combination of vitamin B2 (40 mg/kg/day) and vitamin B12 (0.1 mg/kg/day) for 7 days and a single IP injection of cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg) at day 7. On day eight, animals were sacrificed and blood collected for CBCs and femur bone were extracted for bone marrow histological examination. Vitamin B2 and vitamin B12 significantly (P<0.05) increase CBCs; and the combination of vitamins produce -a significant (P<0.05) increase in CBCs compared to corresponding counts in other Groups, and -improve histopathological changes compared to Group II rats. In conclusion both vitamins may have myeloprotective effects against cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression.

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Koprivica, Marko y Jelena Bjelanović. "Hypervitaminosis B12". Medicinski casopis 55, n.º 4 (2021): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/mckg55-33665.

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Increased concentrations of vitamin B12 are the result of excessive intake of this vitamin, increased release of vitamins from hepatic depots, or elevated concentrations of transcobalamin resulting from the increased production or reduced decomposition of this molecule. The most common diseases that lead to B12 hypervitaminosis are malignancies and solid tumours. As a result of elevated concentrations, acnes emerge or exacerbate the already existing acneiform changes. Rosacea fulminant, allergic, and other anaphylactic reactions may also develop. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of increased concentrations of vitamin B12 onto human health. In a study conducted by Deneuvil and associates, the elevated B12 vitamin levels were observed in 12% of respondents. In the study by Carmel and associates, 14% of the respondents had high cobalanemia. The results of other studies show that the prevalence of high cobalanemia is 13%, while very high cobalanemia is registered in 7% of cases. In the multicentric BDOSE study, the incidence of high serum cobalamin was 18%. The increased concentrations of cobalamin are most commonly caused by a disease, while disorders due to inadequate intake and overdose are much less common. As a result of B12 hypervitaminosis, acnes emerge or exacerbation of the pre-existing acneiform changes may occur. In addition to acne, other dermatological diseases (Rosacea fulminant, dermatitis) may develop as a result of hypervitaminosis, followed by allergic and anaphylactic reactions.

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Sami, Rokayya, Yang Li, Baokun Qi, Shengnan Wang, Qiaozhi Zhang, Feifei Han, Ying Ma, Jing Jing y Lianzhou Jiang. "HPLC Analysis of Water-Soluble Vitamins (B2, B3, B6, B12, and C) and Fat-Soluble Vitamins (E, K, D, A, andβ-Carotene) of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)". Journal of Chemistry 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/831357.

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Okra is consumed as a vegetable by populations in Africa and Asia and particularly in Egypt. In this study, we investigated some nutritional components of okra grown in four different geographical locations of Egypt. A comparative analysis of water-soluble vitamins (B2, B3, B6, B12, and C) and fat-soluble vitamins (E, K, D, A, andβ-carotene) in okra pods was carried out. Results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed three clusters of varieties. The first cluster included the Dakahlia (D) and Kafr El-Sheikh (K) varieties. The second and the third clusters separated out the Suez (S) and Mansoura (M) varieties independently. The S pod showed the highest contents of vitamins B6 (49.81 μg/100 g) and E (1.47 mg/100 g) but contained the lowest contents of vitamins B3 (1.42 μg/100 g) and B12 (undetected). The K pod showed the lowest vitamin C content (11.60 mg/100 g). The M pod showed the highest contents of vitamins B3 (22.70 μg/100 g), B12 (91.20 μg/100 g), C (27.14 mg/100 g), and K (0.21 mg/100 g). The D pod showed the lowest contents of vitamins E (0.15 mg/100 g), K (0.05 mg/100 g), and B6 (11.50 μg/100 g). These findings could help develop meal planning at the community level by incorporating okra varieties with high vitamin content.

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Zhizhin, N. A. "Determination of vitamin B12 in dry mixtures for baby food by the method of high performance liquid chromatography with chromatomass-spectrometric detection". Agrarian science, n.º 5 (17 de junio de 2022): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2022-359-5-132-136.

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Relevance. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) belongs to the group of water-soluble vitamins. This vitamin belongs to the class of tetrapyrroles, biologically active substances consisting of pyrrole rings associated with metal ions. So, in the vitamin B12 molecule, the core is the cobalt ion. A feature of this vitamin is that its synthesis in nature is carried out only by bacteria, and therefore, it is present only in products of animal origin. And one of the sources of its receipt is milk and dairy products, including those enriched with B vitamins. Low concentrations of vitamin B12, even in vitamin-enriched dairy products, at the level of tenths and hundredths of a milligram, make the assessment of its quantitative content a difficult analytical task. The use of reversed-phase liquid chromatography for this purpose, followed by detection by means of a spectrophotometric or diode-array detector, is associated with a time-consuming sample preparation technique. Including repeated concentration of the sample to achieve the required concentrations of the desired substance. In this connection, the development of an analytical method that allows to remove the disadvantages described above, is an urgent task.Methods. This article proposes a method for assessing the content of vitamin B12 by high performance liquid chromatography using a mass-spectrometric detector (HPLCMS). The method developed in this study can be used for laboratory analysis of vitamin B12 in dry formulas for baby food, which will provide the possibility of faster and more efficient results for the control and monitoring of baby food enriched with vitamin complexes of water-soluble vitamins of group B.Results. A method of sample preparation is presented, in which the recovery coefficient of the analyte in the studied samples was 99.12–99.31%. When evaluating the calibration curve, the correlation coefficient was r2 = 99.999. The calculated limit of detection is 0.02 g/kg.

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Shavlovskaya, O. A. y I. A. Bokova. "Vitamins B Effectiveness in Different Nosological Forms". Effective Pharmacotherapy 19, n.º 1 (30 de marzo de 2023): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33978/2307-3586-2023-19-1-40-47.

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B vitamins deserve special attention because they take an active part in the regulation of almost all systems activity, have a neurotropic effect. Among all B vitamins, the most actively used are B1 (thiamine), B6 (pyridoxine), B12 (cobalamin), which are prescribed both in monotherapy and in combination, intramuscularly or orally. Other B vitamins are rarely used alone, only in combination with other vitamins or biologically active supplements (dietary supplements). Thiamine is responsible for the metabolism of nerve tissues, the production of acetylcholine, which participates in carbohydrate metabolism and related energy, fat, protein, water-salt metabolism, has a regulating effect on trophism and the activity of the nervous system. Different forms of vitamin B1 (thiamine disulfide, thiamine hydrochloride, benfotiamine) have an analgesic effect, exhibit an antitumor effect. Pyridoxine exhibits an antioxidant effect, its phosphorylated form (pyridoxal phosphate) participates in the decarboxylation of amino acids, in the formation of physiologically active amines (adrenaline, serotonin, dopamine, tyramine). Polyneuropathy (PNP) of various genesis (diabetic, alcoholic, dysmetabolic) is a target for pyridoxine. Cobalamin is required as a co-factor of the cytosolic methionine synthase reaction and the mitochondrial methymalonyl-CoA mutase reaction. Vitamin B12 deficiency can be manifested by disorders in the hematopoiesis system, PNP, cognitive disorders. Other B vitamins are actively involved in metabolic processes: B2 (riboflavin) is used by the body to metabolize fats, proteins and carbohydrates into glucose for energy, participates in redox processes, the production of red blood cells, B3 (niacin) participates in the processes of anabolism and catabolism, B4 (choline) is necessary for the synthesis of acetylcholine, betaine and phospholipids, B5 (pantothenate) necessary for the synthesis of co-enzyme A, with a deficiency of which severe damage to the basal ganglia region develops, accompanied by progressive cognitive and motor disorders, B7 (biotin), B8 (inositol), B9 (folic acid), B10 (paraaminobenzoic acid) are necessary for normal body functioning. With a combined deficiency of vitamins B1, B2, B6 and B12, there is an increased risk of depression. In the treatment of diseases associated with B vitamins deficiency, a complex of vitamins should be prescribed to enhance the effect.

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Kazamia, Elena, Katherine E. Helliwell y Alison G. Smith. "Keeping a clear head with vitamin B12". Biochemist 32, n.º 6 (1 de diciembre de 2010): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio03206020.

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Vitamins are vital organic micronutrients that are required in our diet because they provide essential enzyme cofactors, and animals have dispensed with the ability to synthesize them. Vitamin B12, or cobalamin, is the most complex of the vitamins, and the elucidation of its physiological role, its structure and its biosynthetic pathways have been the subject of impressive scientific endeavours over the years. Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to increased risk of cardiovascular disease, neurological symptoms and, in the most serious cases, pernicious anaemia. Cobalamin is synthesized only by prokaryotes, so we obtain it second-hand by eating other organisms that have accumulated the vitamin in their tissues. The richest dietary sources are liver, dairy products and also algae, many of which are like animals in that they require an exogenous supply of the vitamin for growth.

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Iyer, Sandhya, Prachi Sinkar, K. Krishnakumar, Kallathikumar K y Amruta Velumani. "Vitamin B Complex and Homocysteine Levels - A Trend Study Among Asian Indians". Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, n.º 4 (21 de junio de 2019): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v10i4.24124.

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Background: Vitamin B complex levels have been strongly correlated with homocysteine status and many studies suggest supplementation with vitamin B to lower cardiovascular risk among adults. However, this relationship does not show a direct trend with many studies concluding otherwise. Aims and Objective: Our report is an attempt to study association between levels of vitamin B6, folate and B12 in relation to homocysteine in a Pan-India cohort of over 5000 individuals. Materials & Methods: Data from a total of 5487 Asian Indians including 2942 males and 2545 females were considered for this study. Analysis for levels of vitamins B6 and folate was done using the technology of Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), while that for Vitamin B12 and homocysteine was done using the Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA). Results: Our analysis identified a clear correlation between vitamin B12 status and levels of homocysteine, while no such trend was observed with vitamin B6 and folate. The total frequency of vitamin B12 deficiency was detected to be 25% of which 50% exhibited clinically high homocysteine levels. The frequency among males was found to be high at 61.6% in comparison to females at 32.3% with the difference being statistically significant at p<0.0001. Conclusion: Our report is one of the first few to document levels of vitamin B6, folate and B12 in relation to homocysteine in a large Asian Indian cohort. Low levels of vitamin B12 was found to have a greater impact on Hcy levels in comparison to other B-vitamins studied.

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Zhang, Chenbo, Jianfeng Luo, Changzheng Yuan y Ding Ding. "Vitamin B12, B6, or Folate and Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 77, n.º 2 (15 de septiembre de 2020): 781–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-200534.

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Background: Previous studies have indicated that B vitamin deficiencies are an essential cause of neurological pathology. There is a need to provide evidence of the benefit of B vitamins for the prevention of cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults. Objective: To examine the association between intake and plasma levels of vitamins B12, B6, and folate and cognitive function in older populations through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were used to search the literature though August 8, 2019. We included observational population-based studies evaluating the association between concentrations or intake levels of vitamins B6, B12, or folate and cognition in older adults aged ≥45 years. The quality of all studies was assessed by the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) were analyzed by the random-effects model. Sensitivity analyses were conducted by excluding the studies with significant heterogeneity. Results: Twenty-one observational studies with sample sizes ranging from 155–7030 were included in the meta-analysis. Higher levels of vitamin B12 (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.61–0.97) and folate concentration (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.51–0.90) were associated with better cognition in cross-sectional studies, but not in sensitivity analyses or prospective studies. High vitamin B6 concentrations showed no significant benefit on cognition and dementia risk. Prospective studies did not provide substantial evidence for the relationship. Conclusion: The results from our meta-analysis suggest that vitamins B12, B6, and folate may not be modifiable risk factors for slowing cognitive decline among community-dwelling older individuals.

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Brasky, Theodore M., Emily White y Chi-Ling Chen. "Long-Term, Supplemental, One-Carbon Metabolism–Related Vitamin B Use in Relation to Lung Cancer Risk in the Vitamins and Lifestyle (VITAL) Cohort". Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, n.º 30 (20 de octubre de 2017): 3440–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.72.7735.

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Purpose Inconsistent findings have been reported of a link between the use of one-carbon metabolism–related B vitamins and lung cancer risk. Because of the high prevalence of supplemental vitamin B use, any possible increased association warrants further investigation. We examined the association between long-term use of supplemental B vitamins on the one-carbon metabolism pathway and lung cancer risk in the Vitamins and Lifestyle (VITAL) cohort, which was designed specifically to look at supplement use relative to cancer risk. Methods A total of 77,118 participants of the VITAL cohort, 50 to 76 years of age, were recruited between October 2000 and December 2002 and included in this analysis. Incident, primary, invasive lung cancers (n = 808) were ascertained by prospectively linking the participants to a population-based cancer registry. The 10-year average daily dose from individual and multivitamin supplements were the exposures of primary interest. Results Use of supplemental vitamins B6, folate, and B12 was not associated with lung cancer risk among women. In contrast, use of vitamin B6 and B12 from individual supplement sources, but not from multivitamins, was associated with a 30% to 40% increase in lung cancer risk among men. When the 10-year average supplement dose was evaluated, there was an almost two-fold increase in lung cancer risk among men in the highest categories of vitamin B6 (> 20 mg/d; hazard ratio, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.25 to 2.65) and B12 (> 55µg/d; hazard ratio, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.32 to 2.97) compared with nonusers. For vitamin B6 and B12, the risk was even higher among men who were smoking at baseline. In addition, the B6 and B12 associations were apparent in all histologic types except adenocarcinoma, which is the type less related to smoking. Conclusion This sex- and source-specific association provides further evidence that vitamin B supplements are not chemopreventive for lung cancer and may be harmful.

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Sherief, Laila M., Sanaa M. Abd El-Salam, Naglaa M. Kamal, Osama El safy, Mohamed A. A. Almalky, Seham F. Azab, Hemat M. Morsy y Amal F. Gharieb. "Nutritional Biomarkers in Children and Adolescents with Beta-Thalassemia-Major: An Egyptian Center Experience". BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/261761.

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Background and Aim. Trace elements and vitamins play a vital role in human body to perform its function properly. Thalassemic patients are at risk of micronutrient deficiency. This study estimated levels of vitamins A, C, E, B12, folic acid, total homocysteine (tHcy), and methylmalonic acid (MMA) along with trace elements, zinc, copper, and selenium in Beta-thalassemia-major patients.Methods. This study included 108 patients with Beta-thalassemia-major and 60 age and sex matched healthy children. Serum levels of vitamin A, E, C, tHcy, and MMA were estimated by high pressure liquid chromatography while serum levels of folic acid and B12 were estimated by thin layer chromatography. Serum zinc, copper, and selenium were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry.Results. There was a significant decrease of vitamins A, C, E, and B12 and trace elements zinc, copper, and selenium in thalassemic patients as compared to controls. tHcy and MMA were significantly elevated in patients. No significant correlations were found between the serum levels of the studied vitamins and trace elements as regards age, frequency of transfusion, duration of transfusion, and serum ferritin.Conclusion. The level of various nutritional biomarkers (vitamins A, C, E, and B12 and trace elements zinc, copper, selenium) was reduced in chronically transfused Egyptian thalassemic patient. These patients should have periodic nutritional evaluation and supplementation. Multicenter studies are highly recommended.

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Yadav, Roopesh Kumar, Sudhanshu Mishra y Deepti Jain. "Methylcobalamine (Vitamin B12): Water Soluble Vitamin with Various Pharmacological Aspect". Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, n.º 1 (15 de enero de 2021): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i1.4488.

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Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a key role in the brain's proper functioning and nervous system, in blood flow, and in reducing weakness and tiredness. In their food, most people get adequate vitamin B12, but in some health conditions (e.g. inadequate sleep, stomach/intestinal disorders, inflammation, cancer), there could be a shortage. If left unchecked, severe Vitamin B12 deficiency results in anemia and nerve damage. Vitamin B12 deficiency is typically treated using parenteral and oral dosage formulations, but absorption and compliance problems are involved with these routes of administration. Most significantly, the function of this missing intrinsic factor has been shown to assist in vitamin B12 absorption and a deficiency known as pernicious anaemia. Vitamin B12 is only partially absorbed when delivered by mouth to patients with pernicious anemia, but hematologically re-absorbed in patients with pernicious anemia. Parenteral administration of the extrinsic element will treat pernicious anaemia satisfactorily. There are several roles and advantages of vitamin B 12 in the human body with therapeutic effects also. Keywords: Water Soluble Vitamins, Methylcobalamine, Vitamin B12, Pernicious Anaemia.

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Manapurath, Rukman, Ranadip Chowdhury, Sunita Taneja, Tor Strand y Nita Bhandari. "Effect of Folate and/or Vitamin B12 Supplementation between 6 to 30 Months of Age on Markers of Cardiovascular Illness at School Age: A Secondary Analysis". Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (junio de 2022): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac067.047.

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Abstract Objectives Deficiencies of vitamin B12 and folate in childhood are associated with cardiovascular risk in later life. The main objective of this analysis is to measure the effect of vitamin B12 and/or folic acid supplementation in children between 6 to 30 months of age on biochemical markers of cardiovascular risk at school age. Methods This is a follow-up study of a randomized, 2 × 2 factorial, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial which assessed the effect of 2 recommended daily allowances of vitamin B12 and/or folic acid supplementation for 6 months on the risk of common infections in children aged between 6 to 30 months. The follow-up study was done 6 years later. The outcomes of the current analyses were plasma concentrations of total homocysteine, leptin, high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, and total adiponectin. We used multivariable linear regression to measure the effect of vitamin B12, folic acid, or both during early childhood on these outcomes. We included interaction terms in the statistical models to measure whether the two vitamins modified the effect of each other. Results Compared to the placebo, giving both B12 and folate supplementation resulted in 1.19 μmol/L (95% confidence interval: 0.09, 2.30) lower total homocysteine concentration at 7 years of age. There was no effect of B12 and folate supplementation on any of the other biomarkers. The effect of folic acid or vitamin B12 alone did not reach statistical significance for any of the outcomes. Conclusions Vitamin B12 and folic acid supplementation in early life resulted in lower plasma homocysteine at school age. Elevated homocysteine is a risk factor for many illnesses and our findings support improving the status of these vitamins in early life. Funding Sources The main study and follow-up study were funded by Thrasher Research Fund and Research Council of Norway.

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Hagan, Miriam y Njwen Anyangwe. "Vitamin content in seaweeds: A systematic review on water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins for adult daily intake". Functional Food Science 3, n.º 12 (22 de diciembre de 2023): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffs.v3i12.1273.

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Background:With the global population on the rise, there is a growing imperative for scientists to innovate new foods utilizing the Earth's resources, catering to consumer preferences, and promoting health benefits. There is a claim that algae, particularly seaweeds, represent an exceptional source of vitamins. Seaweeds, belonging to the marine algae category, harbor potential functional compounds targeted at mitigating metabolic risk factors. They can be integrated into food and beverage preparation either as a whole plant or as extracts. Despite assertions regarding seaweed's vitamin richness, this aspect remains unverified in humans.Objectives:This study aims to undertake a comprehensive literature review to evaluate the amount of water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins in seaweeds, with a specific focus on vitamins B12, C, and Carotenoids.Methods:A comprehensive search for full-text, English-only publications was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar, covering the period from 2016 to 2022. Two search terms were employed on PubMed, yielding 7 and 781 studies, respectively. From these, three studies met the pre-determined eligibility criteria for inclusion. On Google Scholar, the search generated 17,100 studies, and after screening, two studies met the eligibility criteria out of sixty. In total, five relevant publications were identified. The composition of seaweeds was then compared to other dietary sources and nutritional intakes.Results: Seaweeds prove to be a superior source of vitamin C compared to iceberg lettuce, although not abundant for food consumption. They serve as an alternative source of vitamin B12 for the vegetarian population, and Vitamin A (carotenoids) found in seaweeds surpasses that in carrots. The vitamin A content ranges from 2–10% of Reference Nutrient Intake (RNI), while vitamin C content varies from 1–23% of RNI, and vitamin B12 content varies from 107–446% of RNI. Seaweeds exhibit substantial potential as food supplements and as ingredients in the food industry, providing a noteworthy amount of nutritional value.Conclusions: Seaweeds have the potential to enhance daily vitamin intake, particularly for vitamin B12, C, and Carotenoids, in comparison to the recommended dietary allowance.Keywords: Seaweeds, Algae, Marine Algae, Vitamins, Vitamin C

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Hagan, Miriam y Njwen Anyangwe. "Vitamin content in seaweeds: A systematic review on water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins for adult daily intake". Functional Food Science 3, n.º 10 (22 de diciembre de 2023): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffs.v3i10.1273.

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Background:With the global population on the rise, there is a growing imperative for scientists to innovate new foods utilizing the Earth's resources, catering to consumer preferences, and promoting health benefits. There is a claim that algae, particularly seaweeds, represent an exceptional source of vitamins. Seaweeds, belonging to the marine algae category, harbor potential functional compounds targeted at mitigating metabolic risk factors. They can be integrated into food and beverage preparation either as a whole plant or as extracts. Despite assertions regarding seaweed's vitamin richness, this aspect remains unverified in humans.Objectives:This study aims to undertake a comprehensive literature review to evaluate the amount of water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins in seaweeds, with a specific focus on vitamins B12, C, and Carotenoids.Methods:A comprehensive search for full-text, English-only publications was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar, covering the period from 2016 to 2022. Two search terms were employed on PubMed, yielding 7 and 781 studies, respectively. From these, three studies met the pre-determined eligibility criteria for inclusion. On Google Scholar, the search generated 17,100 studies, and after screening, two studies met the eligibility criteria out of sixty. In total, five relevant publications were identified. The composition of seaweeds was then compared to other dietary sources and nutritional intakes.Results: Seaweeds prove to be a superior source of vitamin C compared to iceberg lettuce, although not abundant for food consumption. They serve as an alternative source of vitamin B12 for the vegetarian population, and Vitamin A (carotenoids) found in seaweeds surpasses that in carrots. The vitamin A content ranges from 2–10% of Reference Nutrient Intake (RNI), while vitamin C content varies from 1–23% of RNI, and vitamin B12 content varies from 107–446% of RNI. Seaweeds exhibit substantial potential as food supplements and as ingredients in the food industry, providing a noteworthy amount of nutritional value.Conclusions: Seaweeds have the potential to enhance daily vitamin intake, particularly for vitamin B12, C, and Carotenoids, in comparison to the recommended dietary allowance.Keywords: Seaweeds, Algae, Marine Algae, Vitamins, Vitamin C

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Birn, Henrik. "The kidney in vitamin B12and folate homeostasis: characterization of receptors for tubular uptake of vitamins and carrier proteins". American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 291, n.º 1 (julio de 2006): F22—F36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00385.2005.

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Over the past 10 years, animal studies have uncovered the molecular mechanisms for the renal tubular recovery of filtered vitamin and vitamin carrier proteins. Relatively few endocytic receptors are responsible for the proximal tubule uptake of a number of different vitamins, preventing urinary losses. In addition to vitamin conservation, tubular uptake by endocytosis is important to vitamin metabolism and homeostasis. The present review focuses on the receptors involved in renal tubular recovery of folate, vitamin B12, and their carrier proteins. The multiligand receptor megalin is important for the uptake and tubular accumulation of vitamin B12. During vitamin load, the kidney accumulates large amounts of free vitamin B12, suggesting a possible storage function. In addition, vitamin B12is metabolized in the kidney, suggesting a role in vitamin homeostasis. The folate receptor is important for the conservation of folate, mediating endocytosis of the vitamin. Interaction between the structurally closely related, soluble folate-binding protein and megalin suggests that megalin plays an additional role in the uptake of folate bound to filtered folate-binding protein. A third endocytic receptor, the intrinsic factor-B12receptor cubilin-amnionless complex, is essential to the renal tubular uptake of albumin, a carrier of folate. In conclusion, uptake is mediated by interaction with specific endocytic receptors also involved in the renal uptake of other vitamins and vitamin carriers. Little is known about the mechanisms regulating intracellular transport and release of vitamins, and whereas tubular uptake is a constitutive process, this may be regulated, e.g., by vitamin status.

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Huang, Chu-Yi, Alinuer Abulimiti, Xin Zhang, Xiao-Li Feng, Hong Luo, Yu-Ming Chen, Yu-Jing Fang y Cai-Xia Zhang. "Dietary B vitamin and methionine intakes and risk for colorectal cancer: a case–control study in China". British Journal of Nutrition 123, n.º 11 (14 de febrero de 2020): 1277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114520000501.

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AbstractB vitamins (including folate, vitamin B2, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12) and methionine are essential for methylation reactions, nucleotide synthesis, DNA stability and DNA repair. However, epidemiological evidence among Chinese populations is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate B vitamins and methionine in relation to colorectal cancer risk in a Chinese population. A case–control study was conducted from July 2010 to April 2019. A total of 2502 patients with colorectal cancer were recruited along with 2538 age- (5-year interval) and sex-matched controls. Dietary data were collected using a validated FFQ. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess OR and 95 % CI. The intake of folate, vitamin B2, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 was inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk. The multivariable OR for the highest quartile v. the lowest quartile were 0·62 (95 % CI 0·51, 0·74; Ptrend < 0·001) for folate, 0·46 (95 % CI 0·38, 0·55; Ptrend < 0·001) for vitamin B2, 0·55 (95 % CI 0·46, 0·76; Ptrend < 0·001) for vitamin B6 and 0·72 (95 % CI 0·60, 0·86; Ptrend < 0·001) for vitamin B12. No statistically significant association was found between methionine intake and colorectal cancer risk. Stratified analysis by sex showed that the inverse associations between vitamin B12 and methionine intake and colorectal cancer risk were found only among women. This study indicated that higher intake of folate, vitamin B2, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 was associated with decreased risk of colorectal cancer in a Chinese population.

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Bévier, Alban, Etienne Novel-Catin, Emilie Blond, Solenne Pelletier, Francois Parant, Laetitia Koppe y Denis Fouque. "Water-Soluble Vitamins and Trace Elements Losses during On-Line Hemodiafiltration". Nutrients 14, n.º 17 (23 de agosto de 2022): 3454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14173454.

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Maintenance hemodialysis induces water-soluble vitamins and trace elements losses, which is why recommendations regarding potential supplementation were provided, but mainly based on conventional hemodialysis. This study′s aim was to measure the water–soluble vitamins and trace element losses during one on-line post-dilution hemodiafiltration (HDF) session. Thirty-nine patients under maintenance HDF were enrolled. We used the Theraflux® sampler (Theradial Corp., Orvault, France) to analyze the full session dialysate mass transfer. Blood and dialysate samples were collected before and after one HDF session to measure B1, B2, B6, B9, B12, C vitamins, zinc, and selenium concentrations. Values significantly decreased for B1 (20.2%), B2 (13%), B6 (25.4%), B9 (32.6%), C (66.6%) and selenium (6.7%). No significant differences were found for vitamin B12 and zinc. The dialysate losses per session were 1.12 ± 0.88 mg for vitamin B1, 0.28 ± 0.30 mg for B2, 0.33 ± 0.09 mg for B6, 0.3 ± 0.18 mg for B9, 147.5 ± 145.50 mg for C and 25.75 ± 6.91 mg for zinc. Vitamin B12 and selenium were under detection values. In conclusion, during a standard 4hr-HDF session, we found important losses for vitamin B1, B6, B9, C and zinc, suggesting the need for regular monitoring of plasma levels and systematic supplementation of these compounds.

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Akkurt, Abdullah. "Can vitamin B12, folate, and Vitamin D deficiencies be predisposing factors in cases with acute cystitis?" Medical Science and Discovery 10, n.º 6 (5 de junio de 2023): 368–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36472/msd.v10i6.935.

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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies and the incidence of acute cystitis, considering the vital role of these vitamins in immune system function. Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with cystitis at our hospital between 2020 and 2022, who had their Vitamin D, B12, and folic acid levels assessed. The prevalence of deficiencies was calculated and statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the association between vitamin deficiencies and acute cystitis. Subgroup analyses were conducted to identify vulnerable populations at higher risk of developing cystitis in the context of vitamin deficiency. Results: Vitamin D deficiency was found in 96% of the patients, followed by Vitamin B12 (44%) and folic acid (35%). Logistic regression models revealed a significant association between vitamin deficiency and acute cystitis (p < 0.05 for all three vitamins). Subgroup analyses identified women and older individuals (≥ 60 years) with vitamin deficiencies as more susceptible to cystitis than their counterparts without deficiencies (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study suggests a potential association between Vitamin D, B12, and folic acid deficiencies and the incidence of acute cystitis, particularly among vulnerable populations, such as women and older individuals. These findings highlight the importance of considering nutritional factors in preventing and managing acute cystitis and warrant further investigation in larger prospective studies.

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Tsuji, Tomiko, Tsutomu Fukuwatari, Satoshi Sasaki y Katsumi Shibata. "Twenty-four-hour urinary water-soluble vitamin levels correlate with their intakes in free-living Japanese schoolchildren". Public Health Nutrition 14, n.º 2 (25 de junio de 2010): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980010001904.

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AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between 24 h urinary water-soluble vitamin levels and their intakes in free-living Japanese schoolchildren.DesignAll foods consumed for four consecutive days were recorded accurately by a weighed food record. A single 24 h urine sample was collected on the fourth day, and the urinary levels of water-soluble vitamins were measured.SettingAn elementary school in Inazawa City, Japan.SubjectsA total of 114 healthy, free-living, Japanese elementary-school children aged 10–12 years.ResultsThe urinary level of each water-soluble vitamin was correlated positively to its mean intake in the past 2–4 d (vitamin B1: r = 0·42, P < 0·001; vitamin B2: r = 0·43, P < 0·001; vitamin B6: r = 0·49, P < 0·001; niacin: r = 0·32, P < 0·001; niacin equivalents: r = 0·32, P < 0·001; pantothenic acid: r = 0·32, P < 0·001; folic acid: r = 0·27, P < 0·01; vitamin C: r = 0·39, P < 0.001), except for vitamin B12 (r = 0·10, P = NS). Estimated mean intakes of water-soluble vitamins calculated using urinary levels and recovery rates were 97–102 % of their 3 d mean intake, except for vitamin B12 (79 %).ConclusionsThe results show that urinary levels of water-soluble vitamins, except for vitamin B12, reflected their recent intakes in free-living Japanese schoolchildren and could be used as a potential biomarker to estimate mean vitamin intake.

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Clarke, Robert. "B-vitamins and prevention of dementia". Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 67, n.º 1 (30 de enero de 2008): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665108006046.

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Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations have been implicated with risk of cognitive impairment and dementia, but it is unclear whether low vitamin B12 or folate status is responsible for cognitive decline. Most studies reporting associations between cognitive function and Hcy or B-vitamins have used a cross-sectional or case–control design and have been unable to exclude the possibility that such associations are a result of the disease rather than being causal. The Hcy hypothesis of dementia has attracted considerable interest, as Hcy can be easily lowered by folic acid and vitamin B12, raising the prospect that B-vitamin supplementation could lower the risk of dementia. While some trials assessing effects on cognitive function have used folic acid alone, vitamin B12 alone or a combination, few trials have included a sufficient number of participants to provide reliable evidence. An individual-patient-data meta-analysis of all randomised trials of the effects on cognitive function and vascular risk of lowering Hcy with B-vitamins will maximise the power to assess the epidemiologically-predicted differences in risk. Among the twelve large randomised Hcy-lowering trials for prevention of vascular disease, data should be available on about 30 000 participants with cognitive function. The principal investigators of such trials have agreed to combine individual-participant data from their trials after their separate publication.

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Hemdan, Dalia I. "Level of vitamins and minerals for people with coronavirus (Covid-19) in Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia". Materials Express 12, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 2022): 518–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2022.2168.

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Few works studied the levels of vitamins and minerals in Saudi Arabia among COVID-19 patients, especially in the region of Taif (high altitude). So, this work aims to study the serum vitamin D, vitamin B12, calcium, Phosphorous, Magnesium and hemoglobin levels in recovered patients with COVID-19 and compare them to mortalities. The levels of a sample of 100 recovered patients and 93 mortalities were chosen from the Covid 19 patient records between March 2020 and February 2021 in King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia. Vitamins and Minerals data were distilled for statistical analysis. The results reported that vitamin D was the highest in recovered patients compared with coronavirus mortalities, whilst vitamin B12 was the highest in mortalities compared with recovered patients with coronavirus. Calcium, as well as hemoglobin, were relatively elevated in recovered patients with coronavirus compared to mortalities with coronavirus. The results indicated that there is a significant difference between recovered patients and mortalities in age, Vitamin B12, Calcium, Phosphorous, Magnesium and hemoglobin. There is a significant positive correlation between Age and Vitamin B12 and Phosphorous. There is a significant negative correlation between Age and Magnesium and Hemoglobin. On the other hand, there is a significant positive correlation between Vitamin D and Vitamin B12. Finally, there is a significant positive correlation between Calcium and Phosphorous and between Calcium Hemoglobin. As a result, deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus and hemoglobin levels may cause a failure in the immune system against COVID-19 and cause a quick transfer to severe disease.

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Shvets, Olga, Olga Shevchenko, Zoriana Piskur, Ganna Stepanenko y Olga Pogorelova. "VITAMINS B1 AND B12 DEFICIENCY AS A PREDICTOR OF TUBERCULOSIS SEVERITY AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DAMAGE". Inter Collegas 7, n.º 4 (11 de diciembre de 2020): 184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35339/ic.7.4.184-187.

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Background: It is known that vitamin status plays one of the leading roles in the normal functioning of the immune system. Vitamins deficiency leads to the weakening of immunity and can provoke the occurrence of severe infectious diseases, including tuberculosis. The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of vitamins B1 and B12 deficiency as a predictor of tuberculosis severity and development of peripheral nervous system damage. Materials and methods. 89 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 12 healthy persons were included in the study. The patients were examined and treated according to current guidelines of Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Additionally, the concentration of vitamins B1 and B12 was measured by ELISA in blood serum in all the patients at the treatment onset and in all healthy persons. To find the damage of peripheral nervous system we performed stimulation electroneuromyography of lower limbs. Results. The level of vitamin B12 was 0.19±0.01 nmol/L (median - 0.19 nmol/L) in patients with destruction of lung tissue and 0.22±0.01 nmol/L (median - 0.21 nmol/L) in patients without destruction, p <0.05. MNCV was 49.25±0.80 mm/s (median - 49.40 mm/s) in patients with destruction of lung tissue and 53.41±0.99 mm/s (median - 53.10 mm/s) in patients without destruction, p<0.01. SNCV was 43.41±1.14 mm/s (median - 42.05 mm/s) in patients with destruction of lung tissue and 45.91±0.94 mm/s (median - 46.00 mm/s) in patients without destruction, p<0.05. Conclusions. Pulmonary tuberculosis leads to the disturbances in the metabolism of vitamins B1 and B12, causing their deficiency and the associated violation of impulse conduction along peripheral nerve fibers. More severe tuberculous lesions with destruction of lung tissue and massive bacterial excretion are associated with a more pronounced deficiency of vitamins B1 and B12, as well as decrease of motor and sensory conduction velocity.

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