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Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 2 de febrero de 2022

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1

White, M. B., C. J. Word, C. G. Humphries, F. R. Blattner y P. W. Tucker. "Immunoglobulin D switching can occur through homologous recombination in human B cells." Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, n.º 7 (julio de 1990): 3690–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.10.7.3690.

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Prototypical class switching in mouse and human immunoglobulin heavy chains occurs through recombination of tandem blocks of short repeats located 5' to each heavy chain constant region (CH) except C delta. Deletion of C mu in immunoglobulin D (IgD)-secreting murine plasmacytomas occurs illegitimately. We demonstrate here that in human IgD-secreting myeloma cells freshly isolated from patient bone marrow and in normal peripheral blood B lymphocytes, an IgD switch can occur through homologous recombination of a direct repeat consisting of a 442-bp sequence 1.5 kbp 3' of the JH complex and a 443-bp sequence that is duplicated almost perfectly (96% similarity) 1.7 kbp 5' of the C delta gene (442/443-base-pair [bp] repeat). This homologous recombination mechanism is not exclusive for IgD switching, since C mu deletion endpoints in two established IgD-secreting myeloma cell lines fall outside the 442/443-bp repeat. The 442/443-bp mediated recombination shows cell type specificity, and we propose that it represents a unique mode for increased levels of IgD secretion in humans.

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2

White, M. B., C. J. Word, C. G. Humphries, F. R. Blattner y P. W. Tucker. "Immunoglobulin D switching can occur through homologous recombination in human B cells". Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, n.º 7 (julio de 1990): 3690–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.10.7.3690-3699.1990.

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Prototypical class switching in mouse and human immunoglobulin heavy chains occurs through recombination of tandem blocks of short repeats located 5' to each heavy chain constant region (CH) except C delta. Deletion of C mu in immunoglobulin D (IgD)-secreting murine plasmacytomas occurs illegitimately. We demonstrate here that in human IgD-secreting myeloma cells freshly isolated from patient bone marrow and in normal peripheral blood B lymphocytes, an IgD switch can occur through homologous recombination of a direct repeat consisting of a 442-bp sequence 1.5 kbp 3' of the JH complex and a 443-bp sequence that is duplicated almost perfectly (96% similarity) 1.7 kbp 5' of the C delta gene (442/443-base-pair [bp] repeat). This homologous recombination mechanism is not exclusive for IgD switching, since C mu deletion endpoints in two established IgD-secreting myeloma cell lines fall outside the 442/443-bp repeat. The 442/443-bp mediated recombination shows cell type specificity, and we propose that it represents a unique mode for increased levels of IgD secretion in humans.

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3

Fouad, Farid, Scott D. Bunge, Brett D. Ellman y Robert J. Twieg. "Tetranaphthyleno[5,6-bcd:11,12-b′c′d′:17,18-b′′c′′d′′:23,24-b′′′c′′′d′′′]tetrafuran". Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 68, n.º 11 (20 de octubre de 2012): o465—o467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270112040681.

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The title compound, C40H16O4or [C10H4O]4, is a planar tetrameric cyclooligomer which crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP21/n. The compound is located on an inversion center with the asymmetric unit consisting of half of the molecule. The compound displays an interesting packing structure, where the cyclooligomer displays both layered packing with respect to nearest neighbors and a rotation of adjacent planar rings that results in additional interactions. The geometric parameters of the compound agree well with those of comparable cyclooligomers, while the packing reveals some similarities and differences.

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4

Houtekamer, P. L. y Fuqing Zhang. "Review of the Ensemble Kalman Filter for Atmospheric Data Assimilation". Monthly Weather Review 144, n.º 12 (1 de noviembre de 2016): 4489–532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-15-0440.1.

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Abstract This paper reviews the development of the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) for atmospheric data assimilation. Particular attention is devoted to recent advances and current challenges. The distinguishing properties of three well-established variations of the EnKF algorithm are first discussed. Given the limited size of the ensemble and the unavoidable existence of errors whose origin is unknown (i.e., system error), various approaches to localizing the impact of observations and to accounting for these errors have been proposed. However, challenges remain; for example, with regard to localization of multiscale phenomena (both in time and space). For the EnKF in general, but higher-resolution applications in particular, it is desirable to use a short assimilation window. This motivates a focus on approaches for maintaining balance during the EnKF update. Also discussed are limited-area EnKF systems, in particular with regard to the assimilation of radar data and applications to tracking severe storms and tropical cyclones. It seems that relatively less attention has been paid to optimizing EnKF assimilation of satellite radiance observations, the growing volume of which has been instrumental in improving global weather predictions. There is also a tendency at various centers to investigate and implement hybrid systems that take advantage of both the ensemble and the variational data assimilation approaches; this poses additional challenges and it is not clear how it will evolve. It is concluded that, despite more than 10 years of operational experience, there are still many unresolved issues that could benefit from further research. Contents Introduction...4490 Popular flavors of the EnKF algorithm...4491 General description...4491 Stochastic and deterministic filters...4492 The stochastic filter...4492 The deterministic filter...4492 Sequential or local filters...4493 Sequential ensemble Kalman filters...4493 The local ensemble transform Kalman filter...4494 Extended state vector...4494 Issues for the development of algorithms...4495 Use of small ensembles...4495 Monte Carlo methods...4495 Validation of reliability...4497 Use of group filters with no inbreeding...4498 Sampling error due to limited ensemble size: The rank problem...4498 Covariance localization...4499 Localization in the sequential filter...4499 Localization in the LETKF...4499 Issues with localization...4500 Summary...4501 Methods to increase ensemble spread...4501 Covariance inflation...4501 Additive inflation...4501 Multiplicative inflation...4502 Relaxation to prior ensemble information...4502 Issues with inflation...4503 Diffusion and truncation...4503 Error in physical parameterizations...4504 Physical tendency perturbations...4504 Multimodel, multiphysics, and multiparameter approaches...4505 Future directions...4505 Realism of error sources...4506 Balance and length of the assimilation window...4506 The need for balancing methods...4506 Time-filtering methods...4506 Toward shorter assimilation windows...4507 Reduction of sources of imbalance...4507 Regional data assimilation...4508 Boundary conditions and consistency across multiple domains...4509 Initialization of the starting ensemble...4510 Preprocessing steps for radar observations...4510 Use of radar observations for convective-scale analyses...4511 Use of radar observations for tropical cyclone analyses...4511 Other issues with respect to LAM data assimilation...4511 The assimilation of satellite observations...4512 Covariance localization...4512 Data density...4513 Bias-correction procedures...4513 Impact of covariance cycling...4514 Assumptions regarding observational error...4514 Recommendations regarding satellite observations...4515 Computational aspects...4515 Parameters with an impact on quality...4515 Overview of current parallel algorithms...4516 Evolution of computer architecture...4516 Practical issues...4517 Approaching the gray zone...4518 Summary...4518 Hybrids with variational and EnKF components...4519 Hybrid background error covariances...4519 E4DVar with the α control variable...4519 Not using linearized models with 4DEnVar...4520 The hybrid gain algorithm...4521 Open issues and recommendations...4521 Summary and discussion...4521 Stochastic or deterministic filters...4522 The nature of system error...4522 Going beyond the synoptic scales...4522 Satellite observations...4523 Hybrid systems...4523 Future of the EnKF...4523 APPENDIX A...4524 Types of Filter Divergence...4524 Classical filter divergence...4524 Catastrophic filter divergence...4524 APPENDIX B...4524 Systems Available for Download...4524 References...4525

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5

Sun, Junfeng, Yueling Yang, Qingxia Li, Haiyan Li, Qin Chang y Jinshu Huang. "The ϒ( nS )→ B c D s , B c D d decays with perturbative QCD approach". Physics Letters B 752 (enero de 2016): 322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2015.11.053.

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6

Ferrada, Paula, Poornima Vanguri, Rahul J. Anand, James Whelan, Therese Duane, Michel Aboutanos, Ajai Malhotra y Rao Ivatury. "A, B, C, D, echo". Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 74, n.º 1 (enero de 2013): 220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ta.0b013e318278918a.

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7

Tennant, Forest. "Hepatitis C, B, D, and A". Journal of Addictive Diseases 20, n.º 1 (14 de marzo de 2001): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j069v20n01_02.

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8

Santos, I. C., M. Almeida, J. Morgado, M. T. Duarte y L. Alcácer. "Perylo[1,12-b,c,d]thiophene". Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 53, n.º 11 (15 de noviembre de 1997): 1640–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270197007907.

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9

SOKARI, TOKUBIYE G. y SAUL O. ANOZIE. "Occurrence of Enterotoxin Producing Strains of Staphylococcus aureus in Meat and Related Samples from Traditional Markets in Nigeria". Journal of Food Protection 53, n.º 12 (1 de diciembre de 1990): 1069–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-53.12.1069.

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Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from 449 (84.7%) of 530 meat and related samples obtained from traditional markets in Nigeria. All 100 fresh beef and associated 40 wash water and 40 drip water samples examined yielded coagulase-positive S. aureus compared with 258 (86%) of 300 Suya and 61 (61%) of 100 fried beef samples. Of the 449 coagulase-positive strains of S. aureus, 243 (54.1%) elaborated various enterotoxins. Suya (condiment - coated thin slices of skewered beef roasted over wood or charcoal flame) and fried beef yielded the highest proportions of enterotoxin producing strains of 59.3% and 58%, respectively. Relatively lower proportions of strains from fresh beef (52%) and water associated with fresh beef (45%) produced enterotoxin. Most of the organisms tested (139/57.2%) synthesized enterotoxin A (SEA). A few, 37 (15.2%), produced enterotoxin B (SEB), with fewer still producing enterotoxins D (SED, 6.2%) and C (SEC, 5.3%). It is suggested that the high level of contamination with S. aureus of the samples examined resulted from cross contamination, reflecting excessive hand contact with the foodstuffs.

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10

Appell, J., E. V. Frolova, A. S. Kalitvin y P. P. Zabrejko. "Partial integral operators on C([a,b]�[c,d])". Integral Equations and Operator Theory 27, n.º 2 (junio de 1997): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01191528.

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11

Ivanov, M. A., J. G. Körner y O. N. Pakhomova. "The nonleptonic decays B+c→D+sD0 and B+c→D+sD0 in a relativistic quark model". Physics Letters B 555, n.º 3-4 (marzo de 2003): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(03)00052-2.

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12

Imamura, Koichi, Kazuo Takimiya, Tetsuo Otsubo y Yoshio Aso. "Triphenyleno[1,12-bcd:4,5-b′c′d′:8,9-b″c″d″]trithiophene: the first bowl-shaped heteroaromatic". Chemical Communications, n.º 18 (1999): 1859–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a905860e.

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13

Shafran, SD y JM Conly. "A B C D E F G ..." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 7, n.º 3 (1996): 181–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1996/972683.

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14

Kools, Ann M. "Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E". Postgraduate Medicine 91, n.º 3 (15 de febrero de 1992): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1992.11701228.

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15

De Bonis, Annalisa, Gyula O. H. Katona y Konrad J. Swanepoel. "Largest family without A∪B⊆C∩D". Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A 111, n.º 2 (agosto de 2005): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcta.2005.01.002.

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16

Cui, Jie y Yongjiang Duan. "Berger measure forS(a,b,c,d)". Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 413, n.º 1 (mayo de 2014): 202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2013.11.053.

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17

Schwartzberg, Lee S., Barry V. Fortner y Arthur C. Houts. "Clinical Significance of Symptom Burden and Quality of Life Decrement in Cancer Patients with Mild Anemia." Blood 104, n.º 11 (16 de noviembre de 2004): 5305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.5305.5305.

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Abstract Background. Cancer related anemia (CRA) is associated with increased symptom burden and reduced quality of life (QoL) compared to non-anemic subjects. Standard treatment guidelines for CRA recomend treatment when hemoglobin (Hb) declines to ≤ 10 g/dl. We compared patients with mild anemia to those with normal Hb level to assess clinical significance of mild anemia. Methods. 3416 patients from a large community oncology database sorted by gender and Hb were retrospectively reviewed. Patients receiving chemotherapy (<30 days) and/or growth factor (< 60 days) were excluded. Each case provided one Hb determination and same day self reported scores on the Cancer Care Monitor (CCM), a validated measure of symptom burden, functioning, and health related QoL comprising 6 scales. All CCM items are rated for symptom severity on a 0–10 scale. Effect sizes for male groups are calculated relative to normal males (Hb > 14), and effect sizes for females are calculated relative to normal females (Hb > 12). Positive effect size (Cohen’s exact d) values indicate greater symptom burden, and negative effect size values indicate lower quality of life. Results. Group differences on CCM measures were not accounted for by demographic, cancer diagnosis, and chemotherapy history differences. Table 1 shows a pattern of greater symptom burden, lower functioning, and worse QOL for males and females with mild anemia (p < .05). As compared to standards for minimal clinically important differences such as found with SF-36 (0.09 < Cohen’s d < 0.28). patients with mild anemia showed clinically significant differences in terms of effect size (0.11 < Cohen’s d < 0.61). Conclusions. The QoL impact of mild CRA is significant and failure to treat mild anemia may result in unnecessary symptom burden and noteworthy decrements in health related quality of life. Differences in QoL for Patients with Mild Anemia M Hb12<14 M Hb >14 Effect Size F Hb 10<12 F Hb >12 Effect Size Cancer Care Monitor Measure* (n = 327) (n = 471) Males (n = 449) (n = 2169) Females Note. *Mean (SE) for each item or scale. Adjusted means with different subscripts across rows are significantly different (p < .05) by Bryant Paulson comparisons. Fatigue Item 3.10 (0.16) b 2.27 (0.13) c 0.30 3.47 (0.13) b 2.65 (0.06) d 0.30 Physical Symptoms 49.54 (0.58) b 45.49 (0.48) c 0.38 49.32 (0.49) b 46.97 (0.22) d 0.22 General Distress 49.51 (0.57) b 47.07 (0.47) d 0.19 51.23 (0.49) c 49.85 (0.22) b 0.11 Despair 50.74 (0.52) b 48.58 (0.43) c 0.25 50.37 (0.44) b 49.13 (0.19) c 0.14 Impaired Performance 55.55 (0.87) b 49.78 (0.70) c 0.61 55.02 (0.73) b 49.90 (0.32) c 0.48 Quality of Life 49.41 (0.79) b 53.46 (0.64) c −0.45 48.95 (0.67) b 52.39 (0.29) c −0.35

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18

Montforts, Franz-Peter. "(A → D)-Ringschluß zum Nickel(II)-B,C,D-hexadehydrocorrinat". Angewandte Chemie 94, n.º 3 (16 de enero de 2006): 208–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19820940314.

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19

Hentzel, Irvin Roy, D. P. Jacobs y Erwin Kleinfeld. "Rings with (a, b, c) = (a, c, b) and (a, [b, c]d) = 0: a case study using albert". International Journal of Computer Mathematics 49, n.º 1-2 (enero de 1993): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207169308804211.

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20

Imamura, Koichi, Kazuo Takimiya, Yoshio Aso y Tetsuo Otsubo. "ChemInform Abstract: Triphenyleno[1,12-bcd:4,5-b′c′d′:8,9-b′′c′′d′′]trithiophene: The First Bowl-Shaped Heteroaromatic." ChemInform 31, n.º 4 (11 de junio de 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200004126.

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21

Juliani, Henny. "Upaya Strategis Pemerintah Kota Surakarta dalam Mewujudkan Profesionalisme Sumber Daya Manusia Aparatur". Administrative Law and Governance Journal 2, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 2019): 436–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/alj.v2i3.436-449.

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Abstract The professionalism of human resources of public servants in executing public service tasks, governmental tasks, and specific development tasks are often perceived with bad stigma, particularly in negative issues on quality and performance aspects. Based on this fact, Government of Surakarta Municipality perform strategic efforts in improving the professionalism of human resources of public servants to their quality and performance will increase as well as can realizing prime services to the citizen. This research uses an empirical juridical approach. While the specification of the research is analytical descriptive, and the source of data comprises of primary and secondary data. The result of research was analyzed quantitatively. Based on the research, it can be concluded that in improving the professionalism of human resources of public servants, the Government of Surakarta Municipality perform strategic efforts, namely: 1. They are fulfilling demand of number of human resources of public servants with specific qualification, 2 and improving capacity and quality of human resources of public servants that relevant to improve their competency, 3 and applying e-Performance as a system to evaluate performance of human resources of public servants in manage personal work load as well as organization, performance indicator achievement as a basic calculation of work achievement and incentive reward, 4 and applying discipline penalty in accordance to behavior of human resources of public servants. Strategic efforts of Government of Surakarta Municipality complied with the regulation of PerMenPan dan RB No.38 Year 2018 regarding Measurement of Professionalism of Human Resources of Public Servants, which is measured by using 4 (four) dimension, comprises of a. Qualification, b. Competence, c. Performance, and d. Discipline. Keywords: Public Servants, Government Of Surakarta Municipality Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya strategis pemerintah Kota Surakarta dalam mewujudkan profesionalisme sumber daya manusia aparatur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis empiris. Adapun spesifikasi penelitian adalah deskriptif analitis, dengan sumber data yang diperoleh secara primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian selanjutnya akan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka dapat diketahui bahwa dalam meningkatkan profesionalisme SDM Aparatur, Pemerintah Kota Surakarta melakukan upaya strategis yang berupa: 1. Pemenuhan kebutuhan jumlah SDM Aparatur dengan kualifikasi tertentu, 2. Peningkatan kapasitas dan kualitas SDM Aparatur, yang berkaitan dengan peningkatan kompetensi, 3. Penerapan E-Kinerja sebagai sistem penilaian kinerja SDM Aparatur dalam mengelola beban kerja personil maupun organisasi, capaian indikator kinerja sebagai dasar perhitungan prestasi kerja serta pemberian insentif kerja, 4. Penerapan hukuman disiplin yang berkaitan dengan perilaku kerja SDM Aparatur. Upaya strategis yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Kota Surakarta tersebut sudah sejalan dengan ketentuan PerMenPan dan RB Nomor 38 Tahun 2018 tentang Pengukuran Indeks Profesionalitas Aparatur Sipil Negara, yang diukur dengan menggunakan 4 (empat) dimensi, meliputi: a. Kualifikasi, b. Kompetensi, c. Kinerja, dan d. Disiplin. Kata kunci: Aparatur Sipil Negara, Pemerintah Kota Surakarta

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22

Brown, Jonathan, Ruy Exel, Adam Fuller, David Pitts y Sarah Reznikoff. "Intermediate C*-algebras of Cartan embeddings". Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, Series B 8, n.º 3 (14 de enero de 2021): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/bproc/66.

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Let A A be a C ∗ ^* -algebra and let D D be a Cartan subalgebra of A A . We study the following question: if B B is a C ∗ ^* -algebra such that D ⊆ B ⊆ A D \subseteq B \subseteq A , is D D a Cartan subalgebra of B B ? We give a positive answer in two cases: the case when there is a faithful conditional expectation from A A onto B B , and the case when A A is nuclear and D D is a C ∗ ^* -diagonal of A A . In both cases there is a one-to-one correspondence between the intermediate C ∗ ^* -algebras B B , and a class of open subgroupoids of the groupoid G G , where Σ → G \Sigma \rightarrow G is the twist associated with the embedding D ⊆ A D \subseteq A .

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23

Lee, M. S., T. P. Lodge y C. W. Macosko. "Blend encapsulation by random copolymers: C/B/A-ran-B and C/D/A-ran-B systems". Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 199, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 1998): 1555–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3935(19980801)199:8<1555::aid-macp1555>3.0.co;2-o.

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24

Harridge, S. D. R., R. Bottinelli, M. Canepari, M. Pellegrino, C. Reggiani, M. Esbjörnsson, P. D. Balsom y B. Saltin. "Sprint training, in vitro and in vivo muscle function, and myosin heavy chain expression". Journal of Applied Physiology 84, n.º 2 (1 de febrero de 1998): 442–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.84.2.442.

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Harridge, S. D. R., R. Bottinelli, M. Canepari, M. Pellegrino, C. Reggiani, M. Esbjörnsson, P. D. Balsom, and B. Saltin. Sprint training, in vitro and in vivo muscle function, and myosin heavy chain expression. J. Appl. Physiol. 84(2): 442–449, 1998.—Sprint training represents the condition in which increases in muscle shortening speed, as well as in strength, might play a significant role in improving power generation. This study therefore aimed to determine the effects of sprint training on 1) the coupling between myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform expression and function in single fibers, 2) the distribution of MHC isoforms across a whole muscle, and 3) in vivo muscle function. Seven young male subjects completed 6 wk of training (3-s sprints) on a cycle ergometer. Training was without effect on maximum shortening velocity in single fibers or in the relative distribution of MHC isoforms in either the soleus or the vastus lateralis muscles. Electrically evoked and voluntary isometric torque generation increased ( P < 0.05) after training in both the plantar flexors (+8% at 50 Hz and +16% maximal voluntary contraction) and knee extensors (+8% at 50 Hz and +7% maximal voluntary contraction). With the shortening potential of the muscles apparently unchanged, the increased strength of the major lower limb muscles is likely to have contributed to the 7% increase ( P < 0.05) in peak pedal frequency during cycling.

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25

Asadi, Amin y Hossein Mehraban. "Analysis of B c + → D + K 0* decay". Journal of the Korean Physical Society 66, n.º 6 (marzo de 2015): 900–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/jkps.66.900.

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26

Chai, Zhikuan y Frank E. Karasz. "Miscibility in (A-B)/(C-D) copolymer blends". Macromolecules 25, n.º 18 (agosto de 1992): 4716–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00044a037.

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27

Franssen, Frits M. E. y MeiLan K. Han. "“The ABC of GOLD A-B-C-D”". European Respiratory Journal 42, n.º 5 (31 de octubre de 2013): 1166–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00107813.

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28

Deng, Jun, Shupeng Zhou, Wenhao Zhang, Jian Li, Ruofan Li y Ang Li. "Total Synthesis of Taiwaniadducts B, C, and D". Journal of the American Chemical Society 136, n.º 23 (2 de junio de 2014): 8185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja503972p.

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29

SANTOS, I. C., M. ALMEIDA, J. MORGADO, M. T. DUARTE y L. ALCACER. "ChemInform Abstract: Perylo[1,12-b,c,d]thiophene." ChemInform 29, n.º 10 (23 de junio de 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199810029.

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30

Woods, Paul. "LkCa 15 b, c and d prove elusive". Nature Astronomy 3, n.º 6 (31 de mayo de 2019): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41550-019-0826-8.

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31

Beliakova, A. y Ch Blanchet. "Modular categories of types B, C and D". Commentarii Mathematici Helvetici 76, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2001): 467–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00000385.

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32

Urban, E. "The a, b, c of d-xylose absorption". Gastroenterology 97, n.º 2 (agosto de 1989): 512–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(89)90099-1.

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33

Backofen, Olaf J. "Composite A,B,C,D-IRF-model invariants". Journal of Geometry and Physics 19, n.º 2 (junio de 1996): 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0393-0440(95)00027-5.

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34

Onoda, Mitsuko, Ying Shi, A. Leithe-Jasper y Takaho Tanaka. "Structure refinement of the layered composite crystal Sc2B1.1C3.2 in a five-dimensional formalism". Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 57, n.º 4 (24 de julio de 2001): 449–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768101006607.

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The crystal structure of a layered compound Sc2B1.1C3.2, scandium boride carbide (M r = 140.43), has been re-refined as a commensurate composite crystal using 1795 single-crystal X-ray diffraction intensities with I > 2\sigma(I) collected by Shi, Leithe-Jasper, Bourgeois, Bando & Tanaka [(1999), J. Solid State Chem. 148, 442–449]. The crystal is composed of two layered subsystem structures, i.e. Sc—C—Sc sandwiches and graphite-like layers of the composition B1/3C2/3. The structure refinement was performed in a five-dimensional formalism based on the trigonal superspace group P\bar{3}m1(p00)(0p0)0m0. The unit cell and other crystal data are a = b = 3.387 (1), c = 6.703 (2) Å, V = 66.59 (1) Å3, \boldsigma_{1} = (9/7 0 0), \boldsigma_{2} = (0 9/7 0), Z = 1, D x = 3.501 Mg m−1. Two different three-dimensional sections through the superspace were analyzed, corresponding to two different superstructure models, one with P\bar{3}m1 and the other with P\bar{3}m1. A random distribution of B and C was assumed in the graphite-like layer and 41 structural parameters were introduced. R F /wR F } were 0.0533/0.0482 and 0.0524/0.0476, respectively, for the first and second models. Although the difference between these R F or wR F values was too fine to exclude one of the models definitely, the advantages of using a superspace group were obvious. It not only brought about better convergence of refinement cycles by virtue of fewer parameters, but also gave an insight into the problem of symmetry of the superstructure.

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35

HSIAO, YU-KUO. "CHARMFUL BARYONIC $B\, \to \,{\rm{B\bar B}}'M_{c}$ DECAYS". International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, n.º 18n19 (30 de julio de 2009): 3638–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x09047296.

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We study the charmful three-body baryonic B decays with D(*) or J/Ψ in the final state. We explain the measured rates of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]. In particular, the branching fraction of [Formula: see text] predicted to be of order 2.3 × 10-6 is in accordance with the Belle measurement, [Formula: see text].

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36

Aykan, Ahmet Çağrı, Engin Hatem, Can Yücel Karabay, İlker Gül, Tayyar Gökdeniz, Ezgi Kalaycıoğlu, Turhan Turan et al. "Complexity of lower extremity peripheral artery disease reflects the complexity of coronary artery disease". Vascular 23, n.º 4 (10 de septiembre de 2014): 366–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1708538114550738.

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We investigated the relationship between peripheral artery disease complexity and coronary artery disease complexity in patients with peripheral artery disease. A total of 449 patients were enrolled. SYNTAX score, a marker of coronary artery disease complexity, was assessed by dedicated computer software and complexity of peripheral artery disease was determined by Trans Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus II classification. The SYNTAX score of patients with minimal peripheral artery disease, Trans Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus A, Trans Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus B, Trans Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus C and Trans Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus D were 5 (11), 12.5 (13.25), 20 (14), 20.5 (19) and 27.5 (19), respectively (values in brackets represent the interquartile range). SYNTAX score and Trans Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus class was moderately correlated (r = 0.495, p < 0.001). In multivariate regression analysis male sex (B = 0.169, p < 0.001, CI95% = 0.270–0.735), Log10 SYNTAX score (B = 0.282, p < 0.001, CI95% = 0.431–0.782), Log10 creatinine (B = 0.081, p = 0.036, CI95% = 0.043–1.239), low-density lipoprotein (B = 0.114, p = 0.003, CI95% = 0.001–0.006) and high-density lipoprotein (B = −0.360, p < 0.001, CI95% = −0.063 to −0.041) were the independent predictors of Trans Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus II class. We have shown that patients with complex peripheral artery disease had complex coronary artery disease.

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37

Marta-Costa, Ana, Carla Miranda, Vanessa Silva, Adriana Silva, Ângela Martins, José Eduardo Pereira, Luis Maltez et al. "Survey of the Knowledge and Use of Antibiotics among Medical and Veterinary Health Professionals and Students in Portugal". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 5 (9 de marzo de 2021): 2753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052753.

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an urgent and complex problem worldwide, exacerbated by the frequently inappropriate use of antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to survey the levels of knowledge and awareness about antibiotic use and stewardship, among human and veterinary health professionals or students in Portugal, and the associations between antibiotic knowledge factors and socio-professional groups. In cross-sectional survey design, a total of 449 online structured questionnaires were completed in 2018–2019. The statistical analysis was performed dividing the respondents into four groups, A (undergraduate students), B (PhD students and researchers), C (lecturers), and D (technicians and other occupation). Among all respondents, 17% (n = 75) revealed some gap in knowledge about antibiotic resistance and the antibiotics that should be administered for different infection types (bacterial, viral, or fungal). Of the 159 pet owners among the respondents, only half had administered antibiotics to their animal and 64% (n = 102) knew that veterinary prescription is mandatory when administering antibiotics to animals. All groups statistically agreed that the AMR is a major public health problem and the antibiotics should be administrated for bacterial infections and used until the whole pack has been finished (p = 0.00). As expected, only groups B and C demonstrated a higher level of knowledge to recognize the antibiotic name and their active ingredient than undergraduate students (p = 0.00). About the antibiotic use on pets, only group B was statistically significant to no used antibiotics on their pets (p = 0.00). However, groups A, C, and D were statistically significant for the knowledge about the mandatory veterinarian prescription and groups C and D were significantly statistics for fully aware of the transmission of bacteria between animals and humans. In conclusion, in matters related to AMR, the behavior, education, and training of the general public and health professionals, including those who prescribe antibiotics for humans and animals, need to be improved.

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38

KIKUCHI, Yuichi, Yukinori MIYAICHI y Tsuyoshi TOMIMORI. "Total Synthesis of Flavonolignans, Scutellaprostins A, B, C, D, E and F". YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 111, n.º 8 (1991): 424–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/yakushi1947.111.8_424.

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39

Montforts, Franz-Peter y Jan W. Bats. "Synthese eines Nickel(II)-B,C,D-hexadehydrocorrinats durch (A?D)-Cyclisierung". Helvetica Chimica Acta 70, n.º 2 (18 de marzo de 1987): 402–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19870700219.

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40

Trumtel, Michel, Paolo Tavecchia, Alain Veyrières y Pierre Sinaÿ. "Syntheses of trisaccharide CDE and tetrasaccharide BCDE fragments found in orthosomycins". Carbohydrate Research 202 (julio de 1990): 257–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0008-6215(90)84084-8.

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41

Best, Wayne M., Vito Ferro, Julia Harle, Robert V. Stick y D. Matthew G. Tilbrook. "The Synthesis of Some Epoxyalkyl b-C-Glycosides as Potential Inhibitors of b-Glucan Hydrolases". Australian Journal of Chemistry 50, n.º 5 (1997): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c97015.

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The treatment of tetra-O-benzyl-D-glucono-1,5-lactone with various alkenylmagnesium halides gave the intermediate lactols which, upon reduction (Et3SiH/BF3) and protecting group manipulation, yielded alkenyl tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-C-glucopyranosides in good yield. These β-D-C-glucosides were precursors of the epoxyalkyl β-D-C-glucopyranosides, themselves putative inhibitors of b-glucan hydrolases. Similar additions of Grignard reagents to per-benzylated cellobionolactone were not as successful in yielding epoxyalkyl β-C-cellobiosides. The addition of Grignard reagents to 1,2-anhydro-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-α-D- glucose offers a viable alternative route to the prop-2-enyl β-D-C-glucoside, but not to the but-3-enyl and pent-4-enyl counterparts. Likewise, the addition of Grignard reagents to a 1,2-anhydro cellobiose gave disappointing results. Preliminary results are reported for a novel approach to alkenyl β-D-C-glucosides by the alkylation of nitromethyl β-D-C-glucosides.

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42

Chang, Qin, Xiao-Lin Wang, Jie Zhu y Xiao-Nan Li. "Study of b⟶c Induced B¯∗⟶Vℓν¯ℓ Decays". Advances in High Energy Physics 2020 (29 de abril de 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3079670.

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In this paper, we investigate the tree-dominated B¯u,d,s,c∗⟶Vℓ−ν¯ℓ (V=Du,d∗,Ds∗,J/ψ and ℓ=e,μ,τ) decays in the Standard Model with the relevant form factors obtained in the light-front quark model. These decays involve much more helicity states relative to the corresponding B¯∗⟶Pℓ−ν¯ℓ and B¯⟶Vℓ−ν¯ℓ decays, and moreover, the contribution of longitudinal polarization mode (V meson) is relatively small, ~30%, compared with the corresponding B meson decays. We have also computed the branching fraction, lepton spin asymmetry, forward-backward asymmetry, and ratio RV∗L≡BB¯∗⟶Vτ−ν¯τ/BB¯∗⟶Vℓ′−ν¯ℓ′ℓ′=e,μ. Numerically, the branching fractions of B¯∗⟶Vℓ′−ν¯ℓ′ decays are at the level of O10−7 and are hopeful to be observed by LHC and Belle-II experiments. The ratios RD∗,Ds∗,J/ψ∗L have relatively small theoretical uncertainties and are close to each other, RD∗∗L≃RDs∗∗L≃RJ/ψ∗L≃0.26,0.270.27,0.29, which are a bit different from the predictions in some previous works. The future measurements are expected to make tests on these predictions.

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43

Giltrap, Andrew, Katie Cergol, Angel Pang, Warwick Britton y Richard Payne. "Total Synthesis of Fellutamide B and Deoxy-Fellutamides B, C, and D". Marine Drugs 11, n.º 7 (8 de julio de 2013): 2382–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md11072382.

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44

Kulkarni, Swati S., Harita Gogri, Disha Parchure, Garima Mishra, Kanjaksha Ghosh, Sunil Rajadhyaksha, Manisha Madkaikar, Claude Férec y Yann Fichou. "RHD-Positive Alleles among D- C/E+ Individuals from India". Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy 45, n.º 3 (2018): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000479239.

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45

Gronau, Michael y Seiichi Wakaizumi. "Testing the chirality of b to c coupling in B→D∗ℓν". Physics Letters B 280, n.º 1-2 (abril de 1992): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(92)90776-z.

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46

Tahri, A., D. Uguen, A. De Cian y J. Fischer. "A C-B-A-D approach to brassinosteroids; generation of the A-B-C ring system". Tetrahedron Letters 35, n.º 23 (junio de 1994): 3945–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)76709-8.

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47

Krugman, S. "Viral Hepatitis: A, B, C, D and E--Infection". Pediatrics in Review 13, n.º 6 (1 de junio de 1992): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.13-6-203.

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48

Krugman, S. "Viral Hepatitis: A, B, C, D, and E--Prevention". Pediatrics in Review 13, n.º 7 (1 de julio de 1992): 245–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.13-7-245.

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49

Dustov, Abdusamad y Zebunisso Khakimova. "Hepatitis B, D, C, and HCC viruses in Tajikistan". Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Digestive Disorders 1, n.º 1 (30 de marzo de 2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.33425/2639-9334.1004.

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50

Eggleston, Angela K. y Stephen C. West. "Recombination initiation: Easy as A, B, C, D… χ?" Current Biology 7, n.º 12 (diciembre de 1997): R745—R749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(06)00394-0.

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