Tesis: "Autonomie territoriali"

1

DE, VITA ANTONIO. "Gli enti locali territoriali nel nuovo disegno costituzionale". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/101.

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Si analizza la posizione degli enti territoriali nel sistema in seguito alla riforma costituzionale del 2001, con riferimento agli aspetti e alle caratteristiche più importanti inerenti al loro status.
The position of the Territorial Corporate body is analyzed in the System Following the 2001 Reform Costituzionale, with reference to the aspects it is to the inherent most important characteristics to their status.

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2

DE, VITA ANTONIO. "Gli enti locali territoriali nel nuovo disegno costituzionale". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/101.

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Si analizza la posizione degli enti territoriali nel sistema in seguito alla riforma costituzionale del 2001, con riferimento agli aspetti e alle caratteristiche più importanti inerenti al loro status.
The position of the Territorial Corporate body is analyzed in the System Following the 2001 Reform Costituzionale, with reference to the aspects it is to the inherent most important characteristics to their status.

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3

Vogli, Astrit <1983&gt. "Il diritto alla mobilita' fra dimensione europea, costituzioni statali e autonomie territoriali". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7092/1/VOGLI_ASTRIT_TESI.pdf.

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La tesi si prefigge l'obbiettivo di offrire una ricostruzione logico sistematica della disciplina giuridica che regola i trasporti pubblici locali in ambito regionale, statale e comunitario, affrontando le principali questioni interpretative e di coordinamento che esse pongono. Nella primo capitolo, viene analizzato l'evoluzione storica della normativa nazionale che regola il trasporto pubblico locale, soffermandosi soprattutto sulla riforma del trasporto pubblico locale introdotte dal d.lgs. 422/1997. Particolare attenzione è stata posta agli aspetti di programmazione e finanziamento nonché alle modalità di gestione del trasporto pubblico locale, in quanto il quadro normativo applicabile è caratterizzato da un’estrema complessità dovuta ai numerosi interventi legislativi. Nel secondo capitolo viene esaminato l'evoluzione dell'intervento comunitario in materi di trasporto pubblico locale, partendo dal (CE) n. 1191/69 che si limitava a disciplinare gli aiuti di Stato, fino alla normativa quadro per il settore (Regolamento (CE) n. 1370/2007). L'obbiettivo è quello di verificare se le scelte del legislatore italiano, per quanto concerne le modalità di gestione del trasporto pubblico locale possano dirsi coerenti con le scelte a livello comunitario previste dal Regolamento (CE) n. 1370/2007. Viene inoltre affronta la questione dell'articolazione della potestà normativa e amministrativa del settore dei trasporti pubblici locali nelle disposizioni del Titolo V della Costituzione. Lo studio si sofferma soprattutto sulla giurisprudenza della Corte costituzionale per tracciare una chiara individuazione del riparto delle competenze tra Stato e Regioni in materia. Infine nell'ultima parte, esamina le diverse problematiche interpretative e applicative della normativa che disciplina il settore del TPL, dovute all'azzeramento della normativa generale dei servizi pubblici locali di rilevanza economica in seguito al referendum abrogativo del 12 e 13 giugno 2011, nonché della illegittimità costituzionale della normativa contenuta nell'art 4 del d.l. n. 138/2011, ad opera della sentenza della Corte costituzionale n. 199/2012.
The aim of the thesis is to offer a logical systematic reconstruction of the legal framework that regulates the local public transportation in Regional, Sate and European community and on the main issues of interpretation and coordination that they pose. In the first chapter, we discuss the historical development of the national legislation that regulates the local public transportation, focusing especially on the reform of local public transportation introduced by D.lgs. n. 422/1997. Particular attention has been paid to planning and financing as well as the administration of local public transportation, because the applicable legal framework is characterized by extreme complexity due to the numerous legislative interventions. In the second chapter is analyzed the evolution of the Community intervention in the field of local public transportation, starting from the Regulatino (EEC) N. 1191/69 which merely regulated state aid, up to the framework legislation for the sector (Regulation (EC) no. 1370/2007). The obbjective is to verify if the choices of the Italian legislature, regards to the management of local public transportation can be said to be consistent with the choices at Community level provided for in Regulation (EC) N. 1370/2007. It also addresses the issue of the joint legislative powers and administrative sector of local public transportation in the provisions of 5th Title of the Constitution. The study focuses primarily on the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court to draw a clear identification of the distribution of powers between the state and the regions in the field. Finally in the last part, examines the various issues of interpretation and application of the rules governing the sector of TPL, due to the zeroing of the general regulations of local public services of economic importance following the recall referendum of June 12th 2011 and June 13th 2011.

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4

Vogli, Astrit <1983&gt. "Il diritto alla mobilita' fra dimensione europea, costituzioni statali e autonomie territoriali". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7092/.

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La tesi si prefigge l'obbiettivo di offrire una ricostruzione logico sistematica della disciplina giuridica che regola i trasporti pubblici locali in ambito regionale, statale e comunitario, affrontando le principali questioni interpretative e di coordinamento che esse pongono. Nella primo capitolo, viene analizzato l'evoluzione storica della normativa nazionale che regola il trasporto pubblico locale, soffermandosi soprattutto sulla riforma del trasporto pubblico locale introdotte dal d.lgs. 422/1997. Particolare attenzione è stata posta agli aspetti di programmazione e finanziamento nonché alle modalità di gestione del trasporto pubblico locale, in quanto il quadro normativo applicabile è caratterizzato da un’estrema complessità dovuta ai numerosi interventi legislativi. Nel secondo capitolo viene esaminato l'evoluzione dell'intervento comunitario in materi di trasporto pubblico locale, partendo dal (CE) n. 1191/69 che si limitava a disciplinare gli aiuti di Stato, fino alla normativa quadro per il settore (Regolamento (CE) n. 1370/2007). L'obbiettivo è quello di verificare se le scelte del legislatore italiano, per quanto concerne le modalità di gestione del trasporto pubblico locale possano dirsi coerenti con le scelte a livello comunitario previste dal Regolamento (CE) n. 1370/2007. Viene inoltre affronta la questione dell'articolazione della potestà normativa e amministrativa del settore dei trasporti pubblici locali nelle disposizioni del Titolo V della Costituzione. Lo studio si sofferma soprattutto sulla giurisprudenza della Corte costituzionale per tracciare una chiara individuazione del riparto delle competenze tra Stato e Regioni in materia. Infine nell'ultima parte, esamina le diverse problematiche interpretative e applicative della normativa che disciplina il settore del TPL, dovute all'azzeramento della normativa generale dei servizi pubblici locali di rilevanza economica in seguito al referendum abrogativo del 12 e 13 giugno 2011, nonché della illegittimità costituzionale della normativa contenuta nell'art 4 del d.l. n. 138/2011, ad opera della sentenza della Corte costituzionale n. 199/2012.
The aim of the thesis is to offer a logical systematic reconstruction of the legal framework that regulates the local public transportation in Regional, Sate and European community and on the main issues of interpretation and coordination that they pose. In the first chapter, we discuss the historical development of the national legislation that regulates the local public transportation, focusing especially on the reform of local public transportation introduced by D.lgs. n. 422/1997. Particular attention has been paid to planning and financing as well as the administration of local public transportation, because the applicable legal framework is characterized by extreme complexity due to the numerous legislative interventions. In the second chapter is analyzed the evolution of the Community intervention in the field of local public transportation, starting from the Regulatino (EEC) N. 1191/69 which merely regulated state aid, up to the framework legislation for the sector (Regulation (EC) no. 1370/2007). The obbjective is to verify if the choices of the Italian legislature, regards to the management of local public transportation can be said to be consistent with the choices at Community level provided for in Regulation (EC) N. 1370/2007. It also addresses the issue of the joint legislative powers and administrative sector of local public transportation in the provisions of 5th Title of the Constitution. The study focuses primarily on the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court to draw a clear identification of the distribution of powers between the state and the regions in the field. Finally in the last part, examines the various issues of interpretation and application of the rules governing the sector of TPL, due to the zeroing of the general regulations of local public services of economic importance following the recall referendum of June 12th 2011 and June 13th 2011.

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5

La, Placa Ennio <1983&gt. "Moduli consensuali nei rapporti tra Stato e autonomie territoriali e ruolo delle Conferenze". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6686/1/Tesi_di_dottorato.pdf.

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Ad oltre un decennio dalla riforma costituzionale del 2001, la non compiuta attuazione della stessa sembra condurre ad una nuova ed assai prossima revisione costituzionale. Nel mutato quadro costituzionale di quest’ultimo periodo l’attenzione e l’interesse sono stati richiamati da una grande quantità di accordi, di intese e di altri moduli consensuali, introdotti ed esitati nei rapporti tra Stato ed autonomie territoriali. Dall’esame del sistema delle Conferenze si è evidenziata la loro indispensabilità ai fini del coordinamento delle azioni politico –amministrative delle autonomie territoriali, ma è anche venuta fuori l’esigenza di ricorrere frequentemente ad altri tipi di moduli consensuali, spesso non tipizzati in ambito legislativo. I principi di sussidiarietà e di leale collaborazione inducono non di rado ad assumere, nella concretezza, forme eterogenee poco chiare e confuse (accordo, intesa, concerto, parere) che, pur considerati i contributi offerti dalla dottrina e dalla giurisprudenza, richiederebbero un intervento da parte del legislatore. L’approfondimento tematico ha rilevato, nel contesto di rapporti tra Stato ed autonomie territoriali, un movimento per così dire ondulatorio tra accese spinte autonomistiche e rimarcate esigenze centralistiche, lasciando ancora nella prospettiva una operativa ed efficiente armonia istituzionale.
More than one decade after the lack of implementation of the 2001constitutional reform leads to a forthcoming constitutional review. Recently, due to undergoing changes of the constitutional framework, the State and local authorities have focused their attention on establishing a large number of mutual agreements, arrangements and further consensual paradigms. The system of Conferences undertook an examination which emphasizes their essential role to coordinate both the political and administrative actions of local authorities, as well as necessity of further consensual paradigms rarely taken into account by the legislative field. The principles of subsidiarity and fairness often lead to unclear and confusing heterogeneous forms of agreements. although they are considered contributions of legal authors and jurisprudence, the intervention of the legislator should be required. Having regard to the relation between the State and the local autonomies, the analysis revealed an ambiguous trend between autonomist and centralist positions. In conclusion, in order to achieve significant and rapid changes in the second part of the Constitution, the aim is rationalization and simplification of the functions and procedures, which leads to time, energy and resources efficiency.

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6

La, Placa Ennio <1983&gt. "Moduli consensuali nei rapporti tra Stato e autonomie territoriali e ruolo delle Conferenze". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6686/.

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Ad oltre un decennio dalla riforma costituzionale del 2001, la non compiuta attuazione della stessa sembra condurre ad una nuova ed assai prossima revisione costituzionale. Nel mutato quadro costituzionale di quest’ultimo periodo l’attenzione e l’interesse sono stati richiamati da una grande quantità di accordi, di intese e di altri moduli consensuali, introdotti ed esitati nei rapporti tra Stato ed autonomie territoriali. Dall’esame del sistema delle Conferenze si è evidenziata la loro indispensabilità ai fini del coordinamento delle azioni politico –amministrative delle autonomie territoriali, ma è anche venuta fuori l’esigenza di ricorrere frequentemente ad altri tipi di moduli consensuali, spesso non tipizzati in ambito legislativo. I principi di sussidiarietà e di leale collaborazione inducono non di rado ad assumere, nella concretezza, forme eterogenee poco chiare e confuse (accordo, intesa, concerto, parere) che, pur considerati i contributi offerti dalla dottrina e dalla giurisprudenza, richiederebbero un intervento da parte del legislatore. L’approfondimento tematico ha rilevato, nel contesto di rapporti tra Stato ed autonomie territoriali, un movimento per così dire ondulatorio tra accese spinte autonomistiche e rimarcate esigenze centralistiche, lasciando ancora nella prospettiva una operativa ed efficiente armonia istituzionale.
More than one decade after the lack of implementation of the 2001constitutional reform leads to a forthcoming constitutional review. Recently, due to undergoing changes of the constitutional framework, the State and local authorities have focused their attention on establishing a large number of mutual agreements, arrangements and further consensual paradigms. The system of Conferences undertook an examination which emphasizes their essential role to coordinate both the political and administrative actions of local authorities, as well as necessity of further consensual paradigms rarely taken into account by the legislative field. The principles of subsidiarity and fairness often lead to unclear and confusing heterogeneous forms of agreements. although they are considered contributions of legal authors and jurisprudence, the intervention of the legislator should be required. Having regard to the relation between the State and the local autonomies, the analysis revealed an ambiguous trend between autonomist and centralist positions. In conclusion, in order to achieve significant and rapid changes in the second part of the Constitution, the aim is rationalization and simplification of the functions and procedures, which leads to time, energy and resources efficiency.

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7

Silva, Cleide Helena Prudêncio da [UNESP]. "Construindo e reconstruindo o Acre: a reivindicação de autonomia de Vila Campinas". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96777.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-03-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:58:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_chp_me_prud.pdf: 2179547 bytes, checksum: 22028b09d217832bcf1685e3b1e267de (MD5)
O presente trabalho realiza um estudo sobre a formação territorial do Brasil e do Acre, como ponto de partida para se refletir sobre uma nova configuração das terras acreanas. O processo de emancipação de Vila Campinas, localizada no município de Plácido de Castro, Estado do Acre, é o recorte empírico utilizado para análise. O contexto de lutas pela criação de Estados, Territórios e Municípios é ressaltado para se fazer a conexão do local com o global. A Geografia Política dará o embasamento teórico para se analisarem os processos de construção e reconstrução de novos territórios. Na localidade estudada enfatizar-se-ão os seguintes aspectos para entender a sua formação: as migrações para o Estado nas décadas de 1970/19880, a implantação dos projetos de assentamentos como política de reforma agrária para a região amazônica e a articulação da Comissão Pró-Emancipação, que dará base para se aglutinar os olhares divergentes sobre a temática.
The present work realize a study about the territorial formation of Brasil and of Acre, as staring point for us to think about a new configuration of the lands from Acre. The process of emancipation of Vila Campinas, located Plácido de Castro - Acre, is the impiric cutting used for analysis. The context of fights for the creation of States, Territories and Municipal districts is stood out for us to make the connection of the place with the global. The Political geography will give the theoretical basement to analyze the construction processes and reconstruction of new territories. In the planned place we will emphasize the following aspects to understand its formation: the migration for the State in 70s/80s, the implantation of the projects of establishment s like land reform politics for the Amazonian area and Comissão Pró- Emancipação, thtat will give base to agglutinate the divergent watch on the theme.

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8

Silva, Cleide Helena Prudêncio da. "Construindo e reconstruindo o Acre : a reivindicação de autonomia de Vila Campinas /". Presidente Prudente : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96777.

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Orientador: Eda Maria Góes
Banca: Raul Borges Guimarães
Banca: Silvio Simione da Silva
Resumo: O presente trabalho realiza um estudo sobre a formação territorial do Brasil e do Acre, como ponto de partida para se refletir sobre uma nova configuração das terras acreanas. O processo de emancipação de Vila Campinas, localizada no município de Plácido de Castro, Estado do Acre, é o recorte empírico utilizado para análise. O contexto de lutas pela criação de Estados, Territórios e Municípios é ressaltado para se fazer a conexão do local com o global. A Geografia Política dará o embasamento teórico para se analisarem os processos de construção e reconstrução de novos territórios. Na localidade estudada enfatizar-se-ão os seguintes aspectos para entender a sua formação: as migrações para o Estado nas décadas de 1970/19880, a implantação dos projetos de assentamentos como política de reforma agrária para a região amazônica e a articulação da Comissão Pró-Emancipação, que dará base para se aglutinar os olhares divergentes sobre a temática.
Abstract: The present work realize a study about the territorial formation of Brasil and of Acre, as staring point for us to think about a new configuration of the lands from Acre. The process of emancipation of Vila Campinas, located Plácido de Castro - Acre, is the impiric cutting used for analysis. The context of fights for the creation of States, Territories and Municipal districts is stood out for us to make the connection of the place with the global. The Political geography will give the theoretical basement to analyze the construction processes and reconstruction of new territories. In the planned place we will emphasize the following aspects to understand its formation: the migration for the State in 70s/80s, the implantation of the projects of establishment s like land reform politics for the Amazonian area and Comissão Pró- Emancipação, thtat will give base to agglutinate the divergent watch on the theme.
Mestre

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9

Ngono, Tsimi Landry. "L'autonomie administrative et financière des collectivités territoriales décentralisées : l'exemple du Cameroun". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00706008.

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Comme de nombreux pays européens, la plupart des Etats d'Afrique noire francophone ont souscrit au concept mondial de l'autonomie locale, à travers des modifications de leurs Lois fondamentales. Pour sa part, la Loi constitutionnelle camerounaise du 18 janvier 1996 consacre clairement la décentralisation territoriale comme mode principal de gestion de la République. Y sont proclamés, tous les grands principes fondamentaux qui sous-tendent la décentralisation territoriale, notamment la personnalité morale de droit public des collectivités territoriales, la libre administration par des conseils élus, l'autonomie administrative et financière pour la gestion des intérêts régionaux et locaux.Le principe constitutionnel de l'autonomie, décliné selon les cas en autonomie administrative et/ou financière, concept à la mode, mais paradoxalement oublié par la doctrine et objet de vives controverses quant à sa mise en oeuvre, fonde l'intérêt de cette étude. L'ambition est de dégager un concept juridique à partir des expressions d'autonomie administrative et financière, afin de doter les différents acteurs intéressés, notamment l'Etat unitaire Cameroun, d'instruments de mesure susceptibles de permettre une mise en oeuvre effective de la force d'autonomie locale sujette à tant de passions dans les discours politiques de tous bords.

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10

Grosjean, Nicolas. "Globalisation et autonomie des systèmes de production territoriaux /". Neuchâtel : Institut de recherches économiques et régionales, 2002. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00111722.pdf.

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11

Gharsallah, Imen. "Le territoire en droit fiscal". Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC0018.

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L’ancrage historique du territoire dans la construction de l’État fait que le pouvoir d’imposition soit fondé sur une approche territoriale garantissant la pérennité et la cohésion du territoire national malgré l’évolution de l’économie vers un modèle qui se détache de l’espace géographique. La confrontation entre un droit fiscal initialement en adéquation avec le territoire politique et une réalité économique mondialisée et de plus en plus numérisée entraine une recomposition du territoire vers de multiples territoires plus adaptés à cette réalité. Le lien assez étroit entre la formation des territoires fiscaux et la construction fiscale normative, donne à la notion classique du territoire un contenu nouveau adapté à la particularité de la matière fiscale et harmonisé avec la réalité économique par l’expansion de solutions juridiques rénovées. Le territoire en droit fiscal, concrétisé par l’exercice de la compétence fiscale, peu importe le cadre spatial dans lequel s’exerce cette compétence, est plus une construction qui s’adapte, qu’une terre avec des frontières qui le déterminent. Il se transforme en une notion fonctionnelle, il est tantôt un déterminant de rattachement de la valeur imposable, tantôt un outil de politique publique. Cette perception fonctionnelle entraine un remodelage du territoire qui s’enrichit en gardant le rattachement étatique
The historic anchoring of the territory in the construction of the State makes that the power of taxation is based on a territorial approach guaranteeing the durability and the cohesion of the national territory despite the evolution of the economy towards a model which is detached from the geographical space. The confrontation between a tax law initially in adequation with the political territory and a globalized and increasingly digitalised economic reality leads to a recomposition of the territory towards multiple territories more adapted to this reality. The rather close link between the formation of fiscal territories and the normative tax construction gives to the classical notion of the territory a new content adapted to the peculiarity of the tax matter and harmonized with the economic reality by the expansion of renovated legal solutions. The territory in tax law, concretized by the exercise of fiscal jurisdiction, regardless of the spatial framework in which this competence is exercised, is more a construction that adapts, than a land with borders that determine it. It is transformed into a functional notion, it is sometimes a determinant of attachment of the taxable value, sometimes a tool of public policy. This functional perception leads to a remodeling of the territory which is enriched by keeping the state connection

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12

Hannart, Benoît. "Gaston Defferre : de l'émancipation des colonies à l'émancipation des collectivités territoriales". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1001.

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Gaston Defferre aura été ministre de la France d'outre-mer en 1956/1957 sous la IVème République et ministre de l'intérieur et de la décentralisation de 1981 à 1984 sous la Vème République. Si les événements de la guerre d'Algérie - départements qui ne relevaient pas de sa compétence ministérielle - ont « balayé » le régime constitutionnel de la IVème République, la loi-cadre restera comme une initiative éphémère, sauf dans les autres territoires de la France d'outre-mer qui n'accéderont pas à l'indépendance dans les années 1960. Vingt-cinq ans plus tard, Gaston Defferre qui avait prédit en 1957 que s'il revenait au pouvoir dans l'appareil de l'Etat, il décoloniserait la province par rapport à Paris, sera chargé dès la mise en place du gouvernement de Pierre Mauroy en juillet 1981 de conduire avec l'appui remarqué du premier ministre, « la grande affaire du septennat de François Mitterrand ». Centrée sur les débats parlementaires des deux périodes étudiées, la recherche démontre qu'il n'est pas anodin de voir derrière ces deux textes, une ambition continue, une capacité d'anticipation incontestable et une parfaite maîtrise des débats parlementaires. A l'heure ou l'acte III de la décentralisation paraît s'enliser dans les méandres et les renoncements, l'acte I de 1982 a montré qu'un homme d'Etat pouvait par la force de ses engagements et sa personnalité, conduire à leurs termes deux réformes législatives majeures dans des contextes très différents, mais puisant toutes les deux dans la promotion des libertés locales
Gaston Defferre will have been a Secretary of overseas France in 1956/1957 under the IVth Republic and a Secretary of inside and the decentralization of 1981 in 1984 under the Vth Republic. If the events of the Algerian War - departments which did not raise his ministerial competence - "swept" the constitutional regime of the IVth Republic, outline law will stay as a short-lived initiative, except in the other territories of overseas France which will not reach the independence in the 1960s. Twenty five years, Gaston Defferre who had predicted in 1957 that if he returned to the power in the state apparatus, he would decolonize the province with regard to Paris, will be in charge from the implementation of the government of Pierre Mauroy in July, 1981 to lead with the support noticed by Prime Minister, " the big affair of the seven-year term of François Mitterrand ". Centered on the parliamentary debates of two studied periods, the search demonstrates that he is not harmless to see behind these two texts, an ambition continues, a capacity of indisputable anticipation and master's degree of the parliamentary debates. At the hour or the act III of the decentralization appears to sink into meanders and renunciation, the act I of 1982 showed that a statesman could by the strength of his commitments and his personality, to lead to their terms two major legislative reforms in very different contexts, but drawing both from the promotion of the local liberties

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13

Protière, Guillaume Journès Claude. "La puissance territoriale contribution à l'étude du droit constitutionnel local /". Lyon : Université Lyon 2, 2006. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2006/protiere_g.

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14

Ammar, Mohamed. "Le projet d’autonomie territoriale et régionalisation avancée au Maroc : défis et perspectives". Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIMD003.

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Après une préparation très minutieuse, le Maroc propose à la communauté internationale un projet d'autonomie territorial afin de résoudre le conflit sur le Sahara dit occidental, un conflit qui dérange toute la région depuis maintenant 40 ans. Ce projet est un ensemble de propositions sérieuses que le Maroc offre au POLISARIO afin d'ouvrir des négociations dans le but d'arriver à une solution mutuellement acceptable, cette dernière sera incorporée dans la constitution afin de garantir davantage l'engagement du pouvoir central dans résolution de ce conflit.L'octroi d'une autonomie territoriale au Population sahraoui et à la région du Sahara risque de créer l'asymétrie autrement dit deux pays qui roulent à deux vitesses différentes, donc il est nécessaire de mettre en place la politique de régionalisation, une politique publique capable de garantir au Sahara au sud comme au régions du Nord, l'exercice d'une citoyenneté complète, la construction d'un Etat de droit démocratique, poursuivre le processus de consolidation et de renforcement des institutions d'un Etat moderne, ayant pour fondement les principes de participation, de pluralisme et de bonne gouvernance,une société solidaire où tous jouissent de la sécurité, de la liberté, de l'égalité des chances, ainsi que de la justice sociale
After a very careful preparation, Morocco offers to the international communauty a bold project that is territorial autonomy to resolve the conflit over the western sahara said, a confli that distrubs the entire Maghreb region for forty years, A conflit between the reality in morocco and algeria through polisario front. Which cost very dear to both contries.The algeria that has no claim on the territory of the sahara still remains the creator, the treasurer and the designer of the polisario policy, the territorial autonomy project is a set of serious proposals that morocco offers the polisario to open negociations in order to reach a mutually acceptable solution, it will be incorporated in the constitution to further ensure the commitment of the central government in the resolution of this conflit. The international community has qualified this project '' serious and credible'' because it incarnates a promising initiative of a better futur for the inhabitants of the camps of tindouf.Garanting territorial autonomy to the population of the sahara could create asymetry ie two countries that work at two different speeds, so it is necessary to establish the regionalzation policy a public policy able to guarantees the sahara as in other region the exercise of citizenship complete building a democratic constitutional state, continue the consolidation process and institution building of a moderne state, having as its basis the principales of participation, pluralism and good governance caring society where all enjoy securitu of freedom, equal opportunity and social justice

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15

Sempastous, Vincent. "La péréquation financière en droit des collectivités territoriales". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 1, 2020. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247226030.

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La notion de péréquation financière n’est pas une notion propre au droit des collectivités territoriales. De manière générale, elle renvoie à une technique de répartition financière. Seulement, appliquée à un droit spécifique et à des sujets particuliers, il convient de définir précisément cette notion et d’identifier les implications de l’application d’une telle technique dans un Etat unitaire décentralisé. La péréquation financière entre les collectivités territoriales est une redistribution des ressources destinée à doter chaque collectivité territoriale de la capacité de s’administrer librement. Cette définition ne correspond pourtant pas à la mise en œuvre de la péréquation financière aujourd’hui. Du fait de son extrême complexité et du flou qui entoure sa définition constitutionnelle, l’esprit de la péréquation financière semble s’être dévoyé au risque de faire de cet outil l’instrument de la recentralisation de l’Etat
The concept of financial equalization is not a concept specific to the law of local authorities. In general, it refers to a technique of financial distribution. However, when applied to a specific law and to particular subjects, it is necessary to precisely define this notion and to identify the implications of the application of such a technique in a decentralized unitary state. Financial equalization between local authorities is a redistribution of resources intended to endow each local authority with the capacity to administer itself freely. This definition, however, does not correspond to the implementation of financial equalization today. Due to its extreme complexity and the vagueness surrounding its constitutional definition, the spirit of financial equalization seems to have gone astray at the risk of making this tool the instrument of the recentralization of the state

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16

Dauphin, Laurent. "Collectivités territoriales et expérimentation". Limoges, 2008. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/001ef7ad-23fb-4120-b6c6-7407d79316ff/blobholder:0/2008LIMO1005.pdf.

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Instrument pragmatique de réforme ou glissement vers une nouvelle forme de l'Etat ? Telle est la question posée après la constitutionnalisation, en mars 2003, de l'expérimentation des collectivités territoriales. Si elle dispose d'un socle constitutionnel bien affirmé, la démarche reste ambiguë. Inspirée des expériences conduites dans les sciences exactes, l'expérimentation locale constitue d'abord un procédé fondamentalement pragmatique de réforme. Elle consiste alors à soumettre à l'épreuve des faits une nouvelle mesure, avant que les pouvoirs publics ne décident de son sort au vu de l'évaluation obligatoire de ses effets. Dotée d'une dimension normative inédite, l'expérimentation locale apparaît à d'autres égards comme une véritable liberté locale : en permettant aux collectivités territoriales de déroger aux lois et règlements nationaux, ne s'agit-il pas de faire émerger de véritables pouvoirs locaux ? L'expérimentation locale oscille ainsi entre ces deux pôles. Sur son principe même, elle réalise une avancée substantielle de l'autonomie des collectivités territoriales, ouvrant ainsi la voie à une transformation profonde et pragmatique de notre Etat unitaire. Innovante sur son principe, l'expérimentation locale l'est nettement moins sur ses modalités de mise en œuvre, qui continuent d'exprimer une conception traditionnelle de l'autonomie locale. Incontestable, l'avancée reste ainsi inachevée
Pragmatical reforme instrument or evolution to a new form of state ? Here is the question asked in march 2003 by the constitutionnalisation of the expérimentation of local collectivities. Despite its constitutional base, the approach remain ambiguous. Inspired by the exacts science experiments, local experimentation is before all a fundamentally pragmatical process of reforme. It consists in submitting new rules to the test of the facts before the public authorities decide of its destiny according to the evalutation of its effects. With a brand new legislative dimension, local experimentation can appear as real local freedom which authorizes the local collectivities not to respect the national laws. Isn't it the way of emergence of real local powers ? So, the local experimentation is swinging between two directions. The principle of local experimentation allows a real autonomy of the local collectivities showing the way to a transformation of our Unitarian state. If the process of local experimentation is innovative as a principle, it is less according its implements which still traduce the traditional conception of the local autonomy. Finally, the movement is uncompleted

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17

Protière, Guillaume. "La puissance territoriale : contribution à l'étude du droit constitutionnel local". Lyon 2, 2006. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2006/protiere_g.

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Ce travail propose une réflexion portant sur la place, la nature et les modalités du pouvoir local en droit français. La première partie revient tout d'abord sur la conception juridique du pouvoir local développée à partir de ses fondements sociologiques (population et affaires locales). Malgré des fondements originaires réels, la définition légale du pouvoir local aboutit à l'expression de son caractère dérivé et secondaire. De son côté, l'inscription constitutionnelle des collectivités territoriales, à partir de 1946, permet de rendre son caractère originaire au pouvoir local et d'expliquer la dimension politique des collectivités territoriales. La puissance territoriale s'affirme ainsi comme un second canal d'expression, vertical, du pouvoir dans l'Etat. La seconde partie analyse, ensuite, les manifestations positives de ce pouvoir au niveau légal, puis constitutionnel. La mise en oeuvre légale du pouvoir local s'appuie sur la clause générale de compétence. Celle-ci, si elle garantit aux collectivités territoriales la libre détermination du champ de leurs compétences, est parallèlement tempérée par le développement des législations d'attribution. Il s'agit d'une simple tolérance de la part du législateur. La mise en oeuvre constitutionnelle renforce quant à elle inégalement le pouvoir local contre la puissance d'Etat. Si la liberté institutionnelle des collectivités territoriales est préservée, leur capacité de faire est strictement encadrée et limitée. Ce déséquilibre est conforté par la double incapacité des collectivités territoriales d'intervenir dans la détermination de leur statut et pour défendre leur puissance
This study deals with the place, nature and forms of local power in French constitutional law. The first part of the study is about the legal and constitutional foundations of local power. By law, local authorities are presumed to be natural but this doesn’t mean that their power is original. Indeed, it is derivative and secondary. Since 1946, the foundations of the powers and functions of local authorities have been set out in the Constitution. This has given their powers a firm legal base and explains their political dimension. Thus, the territorial power of local authorities is asserted as a second way to express State power. The second part of the study analyses the positive materialisation of local power through both legal and constitutional rules. The legal materialisation of local power is based on the general clause of competence, allowing local authorities to freely determine their own range of activities. However, this general clause is framed by the legislator to include many legally defined attributions; this indicates that it is merely a tolerance and not a solid legal base of autonomy. Constitutional materialisation reinforces the power of local authorities against the central power of the State. If the institutional liberty of local authorities is preserved, the capacity of doing is strictly framed and limited. This imbalance is reinforced by the inability of local authorities either to intervene in the determination of their own rules or to defend and protect their position. So, if the French Constitution were to protect local authorities against central State power, it also needs to go further in order to realise their wider political functions

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18

Mahouachi, Mohamed. "La liberté contractuelle des collectivités territoriales". Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX32082.

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La liberté contractuelle est une notion de droit privé qui a connu une large fortune tout au long du 19e siècle. Si la doctrine privatiste a toujours porté un très net intérêt à la liberté contractuelle des particuliers, la doctrine publiciste a, en revanche, occulté cet aspect, préférant étudier l'acte administratif unilatéral et voyant dans le contrat un acte juridique secondaire. Pourtant, il apparâit que les collectivités territoriales, tout comme les individus, bénéficient d'une véritable liberté contractuelle sur le fondement de l'article 72 de la Constitution, elles peuvent ainsi se prévaloir d'une véritable liberté fondamentale, ce qui contraint le législateur à leur reconnaître et à respecter une part irréductible de liberté. L'action des collectivités territoriales étant finalisée, la liberté contractuelle l'est également et doit être tournée uniquement et exclusivement à la satisfaction de l'intérêt général local. Même si la réglementation en droit public est très envahissante, la liberté contractuelle existe néanmoins, et permet aux collectivités territoriales de coclure des contrats assez librement. .
Contractual liberty is a notion of private law that has known a huge success troughout the nineteenth century. The doctrine of private law has always been strongly associated to contractual liberty of citizens, while the doctrine of public law has always left it aside. The latter focused on the study of the unilateral administrative act, considering the contract as a secondary legal act. Yet, the regions with a measure od autonomy as well as the citizens both enjoy contractual liberty according to article 72 of the French Constitution. Thus they can cite this genuine fundamental liberty, which compels the legislator to acknowledge and respect an indomitable part of liberty. As the act of the regions with a measure of autonomy is completed, so is its contractual liberty, and the latter must only be concerned with the satifaction of the local general interest. .

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19

Orte, del Molino Andreu. "Model territorial, autonomia i votants : els reptes organitzatius del PSOE (2003-2011)". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/108041.

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Aquesta tesi doctoral està centrada en el funcionament dels partits d'àmbit estatal (PAES) en estats compostos a través de tres perspectives desenvolupades en quatre capítols: la dimensió orgànica, la institucional i l’electoral. Els PAE que operen en un context institucional multinivell han de fer front a una nova realitat política que modifica el seu funcionament ordinari, tant a les institucions de govern i oposició com en el funcionament orgànic i electoral del partit. Operar en estat compost implica per als partits la necessitat d’establir uns espais de decisió interna entre el partit i les organitzacions territorials del mateix partit, però també pot implicar donar respostes a l’aparició d’arenes electorals diverses, fent front a electorats que competeixen en clivelles electorals diverses i Partits d’Àmbit No Estatal que reclamen nous mecanismes d’autogovern o de govern compartit amb l’Estat. Aquest context ha contribuït al sorgiment d’una literatura que connecta la influència de l’element territorial en els partits. Concretament, durant la dècada dels 2000 s’han donat les primeres passes en la incidència de la descentraltizació en les estructures orgàniques i els mecanismes de decisió interna; l’impacte en l’arena electoral i l’evolució dels sistemes de partits en diversos nivells territorials. Aquest treball es desenvolupa seguint el camí iniciat durant la dècada dels 2000, amb l’interès de conceptualització aquesta qüestió, a través de l’anàlisi de continguts empírics en funció d’estudis de cas enfocats al cas del PSOE. Aquesta tesi contribueix a aquest debat presentant quatre capitols que adrecen la qüestió de com s’adapten els PAES, i més concretament el PSOE, a un context multinivell. La tesi analitza el període 2003-2011 i planteja els mecanismes que contribueixen a que les seccions subestatals dels PAES puguin dur a terme estratègies pròpies.
This doctoral thesis is focused on how Statewide Parties (SWP) operate in compound states. SWP operating in multi-level institutional contexts need to face a new political reality that modifies their regular activity. In this thesis three dimensions are considered in the four chapters, not including the conclusions: the organic dimension; the electoral dimension and the institutional one. Parties operating in a compound state need to stablish intern decision-making rules between the central organization and the regional branches of the organization. But it needs to find out new responses regarding the plurality of electoral arenas, confronting Non Statewide Parties claiming for more self-rule or share-rule dynamics. This context has fostered the proliferation of literature connecting the effect of the territorial issue on parties. More specifically, during the 2000s literature has paid attention on the effect of political decentralization on organic structures of the party, including intern decision-making; the impact on the electoral arena and the evolution of party systems on a plurality of territorial levels. This thesis responds to the literature on this question by presenting both conceptual and empirical contents on this topic. This doctoral thesis addresses the conceptual and empirical debate by presenting four chapters addressing this topic. The thesis addresses the mechanisms affecting the capacity of substate PSOE branches to develop their own strategies. The thesis focuses the analysis on an eight years period (2003-2011), including a comparative paper of the Statewide Parties capacity to drive to modify the Italian and Spanish Territorial Models.

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Mahouachi, Mohamed. "La liberté contractuelle des collectivités territoriales /". Aix-en-Provence : Presses Univ. d'Aix-Marseille, 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/361980515.pdf.

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Silva, Maura Leal da. "“O território imaginado”: Amapá, de território à autonomia política (1943- 1988)". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2017. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/23698.

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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Departamento de História, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, 2017.
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Esse estudo analisa a história da formação e da multidimensionalidade do Território do Federal do Amapá, desde a sua criação em 1943 até a sua emancipação, quando foi instituído o Estado de mesmo nome, em 1988. Avaliadas são as motivações do governo federal e dos representantes do poder local na tomada de decisão para constituir o Território Federal e a sua trajetória até sua autonomia como ente federativo. O Amapá foi projetado, assim como os demais Territórios Federais, para fomentar o desenvolvimento econômico, combater focos de desnacionalização, e no seu caso específico, para garantir a proteção da fronteira norte, à época uma das regiões consideradas críticas para o país. A abordagem do tema foca na implantação e efetivação da administração territorial, formação do aparato institucional e de justiça, criação de municípios, nos elementos simbólicos e representativos da sociedade amapaense e na sua emancipação política. Considerados são, também, aspectos da recepção da política territorial pela sociedade local, particularmente por parte dos jovens, primeira geração de amapaenses, durante o período da ditadura civil-militar. A questão norteadora da linha de abordagem interpela como o Estado brasileiro administrou a permanência do Amapá Federal, ao longo desses diversos momentos em que a república brasileira passou por transformações significativas na sua condução política-administrativa. Aventou-se como hipótese investigativa, a compreensão de que o Amapá foi sendo administrado conforme as demandas vigentes, sem que houvesse, claramente, uma definição acerca do conteúdo jurídico e administrativo a ser implementado, para que se atingisse o desenvolvimento econômico que pudesse favorecer sua estadualização. Dão substrato à contextualização e à narrativa sobre o tema fontes de origem federal e local, tais como legislação, periódicos, livros, depoimentos orais, panfletos, letras de música e poesias. O escopo interpretativo transita entre as premissas da chamada história nacional e história regional/local. A tese conclui que ao longo da administração territorial, a dinâmica da sociedade local conseguiu fazer do Amapá das vésperas da emancipação política uma comunidade imaginada, com todos os seus símbolos e representações.
This research analyzes the history of the formation and multidimensionality of the Federal territory of Amapá, since its inception in 1943 until its emancipation in 1988, when the State with the same name was created. The study evaluated the motivations of the Federal Government and local representatives in decision-making to constitute the Federal territory and its trajectory until its autonomy as a federal entity. Amapá was designed, like other federal territories, to promote economic development, fight outbreaks of denationalization, and in its specific case, to ensure protection of the northern border, one of the regions considered as most critical for the country at that time. The approach of the theme focuses on the implementation and completion of the territorial administration, training and institutional apparatus of Justice, creation of the municipalities, in symbolic and representative elements of the Amapá society and its political emancipation. Aspects of territorial policy for the local society, particularly of young people, the first generation of Amapá, during the period of the civil-military dictatorship were also considered. The guiding question of the approach line challenges how the Brazilian Government administered the permanence of Federal Amapá, throughout these various stages in which Brazili has undergone significant transformation in its political-administrative conduction. The investigative hypothesis was the understanding that Amapá had been administered in accordance with the existing demands, without a clear definition about the legal and administrative contents to be implemented in order to attain economic development that might encourage its convertion in a State. Federal and local sources subsidized the contextualization and narrative about the theme, such as legislation, scientific journals, books, pamphlets, oral testimonies, song lyrics and poetry. The interpretive scope transitions between the premises of the so-called national history and regional/local history. The thesis concludes that along the territorial administration, the dynamics of local society managed to make Amapá, on the eve of political emancipation, an imagined community, with all its symbols and representations.

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MARZETTA, CRISTIAN. "ENTI TERRITORIALI MINORI NELL'ARCHITETTURA EUROPEA". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/40682.

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Negli ultimi decenni si segnalano due linee di tendenza in Europa: il ravvicinamento delle normative che interessano gli Enti territoriali minori (Comuni, Province e Città metropolitane), con una valorizzazione di tali realtà (ad eccezione della fase successiva alla recente crisi economica) ed un processo di progressivo spostamento delle decisioni dagli Stati membri all’Unione europea. È interessante comprendere, e lo si è fatto nel presente lavoro, come i due fenomeni si correlino ed in particolare, quanto influisca l’Unione europea sulle articolazioni interne degli Stati membri. La ricerca si concentra quindi sull’evoluzione della disciplina degli Enti territoriali minori non solo in Italia, ma anche negli altri Stati membri dell’Unione europea, al fine di apprezzarne le differenze e per evidenziare le linee di tendenza che accomunano i diversi ordinamenti (anche alla luce delle più recenti riforme). Quanto alla disciplina dell’Unione europea un’attenzione particolare viene dedicata, oltre che ai principi generali espressi nelle fonti primarie, anche all’analisi di specifiche politiche che prendono in considerazione la posizione dei livelli locali (ed in primo luogo le politiche di coesione economica, sociale e territoriale). Si è potuto così confrontare i dati per comprendere se ed in quale misura le riforme che hanno interessato gli Enti territoriali minori siano state indotte dalla normativa, dalle politiche e dalle azioni dell’Unione europea. Si è cercato infine di delineare il possibile e futuro ruolo degli Enti territoriali minori nell’architettura europea, in un’ottica di possibile federalismo multilivello.
During last decades, two trends have been underlined in Europe: laws on local authorities (municipalities, provinces and metropolitan areas) are getting less differing, enhancing the role of these entities (except for the phase following latest economic crisis) and we see a progressive transfer of decision-making powers from National States to European Union. It’s interesting – as it was done in this study – to understand how the two trends are connected and, particularly, how the European Union influences local authorities of member States. In order to appreciate differences and underline trends who associate different systems (also in the light of recent reforms), the analysis is focused on the evolution of legislation about local authorities, not only in Italy, but also in other States of European Union, Then, turning to European Union legislation, particular attention is dedicated not only to general principles listed into primary law, but also to the analysis of specific policies endowed with consideration for the role of local levels (primarily the policies about economic, social and territorial cohesion). In this way, a data comparison was made possible to understand whether the reforms interesting local authorities in recent past has been generated by legislation, by policies and actions of European Union, and to what extent. Finally, an attempt to outline the possible and future role of local Authorities into European architecture has been made, in a potential multi-level federalism perspective.

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MARZETTA, CRISTIAN. "ENTI TERRITORIALI MINORI NELL'ARCHITETTURA EUROPEA". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/40682.

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Negli ultimi decenni si segnalano due linee di tendenza in Europa: il ravvicinamento delle normative che interessano gli Enti territoriali minori (Comuni, Province e Città metropolitane), con una valorizzazione di tali realtà (ad eccezione della fase successiva alla recente crisi economica) ed un processo di progressivo spostamento delle decisioni dagli Stati membri all’Unione europea. È interessante comprendere, e lo si è fatto nel presente lavoro, come i due fenomeni si correlino ed in particolare, quanto influisca l’Unione europea sulle articolazioni interne degli Stati membri. La ricerca si concentra quindi sull’evoluzione della disciplina degli Enti territoriali minori non solo in Italia, ma anche negli altri Stati membri dell’Unione europea, al fine di apprezzarne le differenze e per evidenziare le linee di tendenza che accomunano i diversi ordinamenti (anche alla luce delle più recenti riforme). Quanto alla disciplina dell’Unione europea un’attenzione particolare viene dedicata, oltre che ai principi generali espressi nelle fonti primarie, anche all’analisi di specifiche politiche che prendono in considerazione la posizione dei livelli locali (ed in primo luogo le politiche di coesione economica, sociale e territoriale). Si è potuto così confrontare i dati per comprendere se ed in quale misura le riforme che hanno interessato gli Enti territoriali minori siano state indotte dalla normativa, dalle politiche e dalle azioni dell’Unione europea. Si è cercato infine di delineare il possibile e futuro ruolo degli Enti territoriali minori nell’architettura europea, in un’ottica di possibile federalismo multilivello.
During last decades, two trends have been underlined in Europe: laws on local authorities (municipalities, provinces and metropolitan areas) are getting less differing, enhancing the role of these entities (except for the phase following latest economic crisis) and we see a progressive transfer of decision-making powers from National States to European Union. It’s interesting – as it was done in this study – to understand how the two trends are connected and, particularly, how the European Union influences local authorities of member States. In order to appreciate differences and underline trends who associate different systems (also in the light of recent reforms), the analysis is focused on the evolution of legislation about local authorities, not only in Italy, but also in other States of European Union, Then, turning to European Union legislation, particular attention is dedicated not only to general principles listed into primary law, but also to the analysis of specific policies endowed with consideration for the role of local levels (primarily the policies about economic, social and territorial cohesion). In this way, a data comparison was made possible to understand whether the reforms interesting local authorities in recent past has been generated by legislation, by policies and actions of European Union, and to what extent. Finally, an attempt to outline the possible and future role of local Authorities into European architecture has been made, in a potential multi-level federalism perspective.

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24

Herbelin, Alice. "Ecologie territoriale et trajectoires de transitions : le cas du Rhône-Médian". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH026/document.

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L’écologie territoriale est un champ de recherche qui propose d’analyser le fonctionnement d’un territoire sous l’angle des flux de matières et d’énergie qui le traversent et le caractérisent. Cette analyse est notamment menée à travers le concept du métabolisme territorial. Sous cet angle, les flux sont envisagés à la fois dans leur dimension matérielle et à la lumière des systèmes d’acteurs et des enjeux socio-économiques et politiques qui les influencent. L’écologie territoriale tend en cela à mettre en exergue des leviers de transition socio-écologique à l’échelle des territoires.Cette thèse propose la mise à l’épreuve de ces concepts à travers un terrain d’étude situé dans la moyenne vallée du Rhône. En remontant à la fin du XVIIIe siècle, la recherche souligne tout d’abord comment se met en place, à l’échelle de celui-ci, un régime socio-écologique fondé sur l’industrie et les infrastructures lourdes. Ensuite, à partir de l’analyse de quatre types de flux (énergétiques, hydriques, toxiques, alimentaires), la thèse propose de caractériser la manière dont ce régime se matérialise aujourd’hui dans le métabolisme. Ce métabolisme est alors qualifié d’intensif et de toxique – par l’intensité et la toxicité des flux mis en jeu – ainsi que d’absorbant – en ce qu’il assure des fonctions métaboliques répondant aux besoins d’autres territoires (traitement de déchets, production alimentaire). Les caractéristiques de ce métabolisme impliquent alors une faible capacité des acteurs locaux (habitants, acteurs publics, agriculteurs) à agir sur les flux pour leur réduction ou leur transformation. Pourtant, dans un contexte de mutations des systèmes productifs et de résidentialisation, plusieurs initiatives émergent de ces mêmes acteurs locaux pour comprendre et agir sur les flux de matière et d’énergie, dans une perspective de développement territorial durable. Celles-ci conduisent à des formes de remise en question des équilibres de pouvoir existants mais le régime socio-écologique industriel persiste, en partie en ce que les verrous qui le structurent et l’auto-entretiennent ne sont pas questionnés
Territorial ecology is a research field which proposes to analyse the functioning of a territory under the perspective of the flows of matter and energy which passes by and characterize it. This analysis is particularly led through the concept of territorial metabolism. Through this lens, flows are considered in their material dimension but also under the light of the actor systems and of the political and socio-economic issues which influence them. Thus, territorial ecology tends to underline socio-ecological transition levers on the scale of territories.This thesis proposes to test these concepts through a field study in the mid Rhône valley. Looking back to the end of the 18th century, the research firstly underlines how a socio-ecological regime is progressively set around the industry sector and the heavy infrastructures at the scale of the territory. Then, the thesis describes how this regime gets materialized into today’s metabolism through the analysis of four different kinds of flows (energy, water, toxic elements, food). This metabolism is described as intensive and toxic – according to the level of intensity and toxicity of the flows at stake – as well as absorbing – in the way it deals with other territories’ metabolic functions (waste management, food production). These properties of the Rhône-Médian’s metabolism implicate limited capacity for local actors (inhabitants, public actors, farmers) to act towards the reduction or the transformation of these flows. However, within a context of change in production systems and of residentialisation, several local initiatives emerge. Through this process, local actors gain a better understanding and better capabilities to act on the flows of energy and matter in order to engage with sustainable territorial development. These local initiatives lead to several forms of reassessment of existing power relationships but the industrial socio-ecological regime remains, partly because some lock-ins which structure and self-sustain this regime are not questioned

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25

Silveira, Dilermando Cattaneo da. "Estratégias alternativas de re-apropriação da natureza : autonomia e autogestão territorial em áreas protegidas". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/56339.

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Esta tese se baseia na premissa de que as áreas naturais protegidas não resolvem completamente os problemas aos quais se destinam solucionar. Em que pese suas diferentes categorias e objetivos, muitas vezes acabam criando uma série de outros problemas, visto que na maioria dos casos suas políticas de planejamento e gestão prevêem uma série de restrições e até mesmo a retirada dos habitantes presentes na área. Além disso, as teorias que fundamentam a idéia de áreas protegidas estão alicerçadas em bases epistêmicas que pressupõem a dicotomia homem x meio, construindo um olhar disjuntivo das relações entre sociedade e natureza. A tese se propõe, então, a refletir sobre estratégias de apropriação da natureza fundamentadas em olhares menos cartesianos, que, ao mesmo tempo em que evoquem uma desconstrução do racionalismo cartesiano objetivo e disjuntivo, promovam uma participação ativa e direta da população, em uma ou em várias das esferas políticas reguladoras das áreas protegidas em que estão inseridas. Esta desconstrução (no campo teórico-conceitual), e a participação direta (no campo político-democrático), podem tomar forma com as idéias de autonomia e autogestão, analisadas a partir de olhares não puramente economicistas e tecnicistas, mas sim sob uma ótica política e territorial. A idéia de autogestão territorial, a ser construída e praticada pelos ocupantes de áreas protegidas, pretende ser uma proposta que englobe tanto a democracia direta na gestão territorial destas áreas, quanto uma alternativa ao conjunto epistêmico edificador da racionalidade ocidental modernocolonial. Com isso, abre caminho para uma re-apropriação da natureza, no sentido político-concreto de (re)tomar para si o controle sobre um território aglutinador de identidades e saberes, e também no sentido filosófico-epistêmico, ao vislumbrar uma desconstrução da ordem dicotômica e uniformizadora da tecno-ciência moderna. Para que a proposta da tese fosse aprimorada, foi necessário analisar diversas experiências em que estratégias parecidas com as que colocamos (de reapropriação e autogestão de áreas com algum tipo de restrição), foram ao menos tentadas, para não dizer as que ainda estão em prática. Estas análises se baseiam em um levantamento que envolve tanto os exemplos brasileiros como os que acontecem (ou aconteceram) em outros países. A partir daí, o objetivo central é fazer propostas específicas para a autogestão territorial de áreas protegidas, baseadas na autonomia dos povos ocupantes e na reconstrução e valorização de suas identidades e saberes.
This thesis is based on the premise that protected natural areas do not completely solve the problems which are intended to solve. Despite their different categories and aims, often they create a number of other problems, since in most cases their policies for planning and management provide a series of restrictions and even the removal of the inhabitants in the area. Moreover, the theories underlying the idea of protected areas are grounded in epistemic bases which require the dichotomy man versus environment, building a disjunction view in the relationships between society and nature. The thesis proposes to reflect strategies of appropriation of nature based in perspectives less Cartesian, at the same time it evokes a deconstruction of Cartesian rationalism disjunctive and objective, to promote an active and direct participation of the population, in one or in various spheres of the regulatory policies of protected areas in which they are inserted. This deconstruction (in the theoretical and conceptual field), and direct participation (in the political-democratic field), can take shape with the ideas of autonomy and self-management, analyzed from perspectives not purely economistic and technicist, but from a political perspective and territorial. The idea of territorial self-management, to be built and practiced by the occupiers of protected areas, is intended as a proposal covering both direct democracy in territorial management of these areas, as an alternative epistemic to the set builder of modern racionality of Western-colonial. With this, offers a way forward for a reappropriation of nature in the political sense-specific (re)take each other for control over a territory unifying identity and knowledge, and also in the philosophical and epistemic sense, to envision a deconstruction of the order dichotomous and standardizing the modern techno-science. In order to the improvement of these thesis proposal, it was necessary to analyze several experiments in which strategies similar to those put (re-appropriation and self-management of areas with some kind of restriction), have been at least attempted, not to mention those still into practice. These analyzes are based on a survey that involves the Brazilian examples like that happen (or happened) in other countries. Thereafter, the central objective is to make specific proposals for territorial self-management of protected areas, based on the autonomy of the occupants and people in the reconstruction and recovery of their identities and knowledge.]

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26

Minni, Francesca <1982&gt. "Autonomia finanziaria degli enti territoriali al tempo della crisi, tra unione europea e garanzia dei diritti". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6526/1/TESI_DI_DOTTORATO_F_MINNI_def.pdf.

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La tesi si propone di ricostruire la struttura attuale dell'autonomia finanziaria degli enti locali italiani, e in particolare le regioni italiane, alla luce delle riforme legislative e costituzionali approvate dal Parlamento italiano negli ultimi anni (come ad esempio il bilancio riforma costituzionale equilibrata del 2012). Lo studio si concentra sulla situazione italiana alla luce dei vincoli europei introdotti nel corso degli anni, da quelli contenuti nel Trattato di Maastricht a quelli derivati dalla crisi economica e finanziaria. L'obiettivo è quello di verificare se le scelte del legislatore italiano possano dirsi coerenti con il processo di unione politica europea e quali conseguenze abbiano avuto sulla garanzia dei diritti. In particolare, lo studio si concentra sulla garanzia dei diritti sociali nel contesto politico ed economico attuale, a livello europeo e nazionale, con particolare attenzione al diritto alla salute.
The thesis aims to reconstruct the current structure of the financial autonomy of local authorities Italians, and particularly the Italian regions, in the light of legislative and constitutional reforms approved by the Italian Parliament in recent years (such as the balanced budget constitutional reform of 2012) . The study focuses on the Italian situation in the light of European constraints that have taken place over the years from those contained in the Maastricht Treaty to those connected to the current economic and financial crisis. The aim is to verify whether the choices of the Italian legislature are consistent with the process of political European union and what consequences they have had on the guarantee of rights. In particular, the study focuses on the guarantee of social rights in the current political and economic environment, at a European and national level, with particular attention to the right to health.

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27

Minni, Francesca <1982&gt. "Autonomia finanziaria degli enti territoriali al tempo della crisi, tra unione europea e garanzia dei diritti". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6526/.

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La tesi si propone di ricostruire la struttura attuale dell'autonomia finanziaria degli enti locali italiani, e in particolare le regioni italiane, alla luce delle riforme legislative e costituzionali approvate dal Parlamento italiano negli ultimi anni (come ad esempio il bilancio riforma costituzionale equilibrata del 2012). Lo studio si concentra sulla situazione italiana alla luce dei vincoli europei introdotti nel corso degli anni, da quelli contenuti nel Trattato di Maastricht a quelli derivati dalla crisi economica e finanziaria. L'obiettivo è quello di verificare se le scelte del legislatore italiano possano dirsi coerenti con il processo di unione politica europea e quali conseguenze abbiano avuto sulla garanzia dei diritti. In particolare, lo studio si concentra sulla garanzia dei diritti sociali nel contesto politico ed economico attuale, a livello europeo e nazionale, con particolare attenzione al diritto alla salute.
The thesis aims to reconstruct the current structure of the financial autonomy of local authorities Italians, and particularly the Italian regions, in the light of legislative and constitutional reforms approved by the Italian Parliament in recent years (such as the balanced budget constitutional reform of 2012) . The study focuses on the Italian situation in the light of European constraints that have taken place over the years from those contained in the Maastricht Treaty to those connected to the current economic and financial crisis. The aim is to verify whether the choices of the Italian legislature are consistent with the process of political European union and what consequences they have had on the guarantee of rights. In particular, the study focuses on the guarantee of social rights in the current political and economic environment, at a European and national level, with particular attention to the right to health.

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28

Serreau, Jean-Marie. "Autonomie financière des collectivtés territoriales et impôts directs locaux : l'exemple des communes des Alpes-Maritimes". Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE0019.

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La réforme de la fiscalité directe locale introduite par l'Ordonnance du 7 janvier 1959 n'a pas donné aux collectivités territoriales des impôts leur garantissant une véritable autonomie fiscale. Les taux d'imposition sont restés encadrés. La plupart d'entre elles ne peuvent tirer de ces impôts les ressources nécessaires, malgré la péréquation. Les défauts de l'assiette ont conduit l'Etat à développer une politique de suppression de ces impôts qui remet en cause toute possibilité d'autonomie fiscale. Or celle-ci est indispensable au bon fonctionnement des structures décentralisées dont elle conditionne l'autonomie financière. Aussi, il faut nous replonger dans l'étude des théories relatives à la fiscalité directe locale pour trouver la voie d'une réforme. Il nous semble que tout le champ de la matière imposable devrait être mobilisé. Il devrait être créé un système à double entrée avec des taxes sur les services et les consommations et des impôts adaptés aux capacités contributives
The reform of the local direct tax system introduced by the Ordinance of January 7th, 1959 has not given to local authorities taxes guaranteeing them a real fiscal autonomy. The tax rates remained framed. Most of them cannot pull of these taxes the necessary resources in spite of the equalisation. The defects of the tax bases brought the State to develop a policy of deletion of these taxes which questions any possibility of fiscal autonomy. Now this one is indispensable to the efficiency of the decentralized structures the financial autonomy of which it conditions. So, it is necessary to dip back us into the study of the theories relative to the local direct tax system to find the way of a reform. It seems to us that all the field of the fiscal taxable object must be mobilized. It should be created a system with double entrance with taxes on the services and the consumptions and taxes adapted to the abilities to pay tax

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29

Calamarte-Doguet, Marie-Gabrielle. "Les collectivités territoriales à statut particulier entre autonomie et contrôle : étude comparative d'une catégorie atypique". Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010274.

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La matière des collectivités territoriales acquiert désormais une importance accrue au regard des domaines " classiques " du droit constitutionnel et du droit administratif. Cette place nouvelle est sans doute à la fois une cause et une conséquence du mouvement de diversification des statuts des collectivités territoriales, et plus largement d'une réorganisation de leur système territorial par les Etats. Dans ce cadre, on peut identifier certaines collectivités territoriales au sein de chaque Etat, comme collectivités territoriales à statut particulier. Celles-ci sont dotées de caractères spécifiques permettant de les distinguer de la " catégorie " des collectivités de droit commun. Quels sont ces caractères, sont-ils identiques dans chacune des collectivités concernées et permettent-ils la constitution d'une catégorie homogène, dont l'ensemble des éléments est interchangeable ? C'est ce qu'il nous appartient de démontrer ou de récuser par cette étude. On peut toutefois constater que les collectivités territoriales à statut particulier entretiennent une relation ambivalente avec l'Etat dont elles dépendent. Cette relation est axée sur deux principes qui apparaissent, de prime abord, clairement antinomiques : le principe d'égalité et celui d'autonomie. Le principe d'égalité semble postuler l'analogie de traitement entre collectivités territoriales; il permet le contrôle de l'Etat sur ses collectivités territoriales. Dès lors, il s'oppose apparemment à l'instauration de statuts particuliers. Le principe d'autonomie quant à lui, permet justement à certaines de ces collectivités d'obtenir un statut spécifique, sur le fondement des particularismes qui les caractérisent. S'il existe une " catégorie " de collectivités territoriales à statut particulier, elle assume donc la difficile fonction de conciliation entre ces deux principes d'égalité et d'autonomie.

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30

El, Harchaoui Abdelghany. "La décentralisation régionale au Maroc". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1001.

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Depuis le début du 20ème siècle, la région fut une occupation constante pour le pouvoir central au Maroc. L'appréhender nécessite une analyse à la fois synchronique et diachronique. La régionalisation est, au Maroc, un processus long et lent, traversant plusieurs périodes et connaissant diverses réformes. A l'heure actuelle, elle représente un échelon important dans le processus de décentralisation et un acteur majeur de développement. Néanmoins, une lecture approfondie de la législation instituant la région fait apparaître un certain nombre d'insuffisances. Elle manque tant de cohérence dans le contenu que de cohésion dans les textes de loi. Des imperfections qui semblent difficile à corriger, alors qu'il se profile à l'horizon une réforme – en gestation – dont le but est, justement, de refonder les bases juridiques de cette institution
From the beginning of the 20th century, the region was a constant activity occupation for the central power in Morocco. To apprehend it we need a synchronic and diachronic analysis. Moreover, in Morocco, the regionalization is a long and slow process crossing several periods and also discerning various reforms. Nowadays, it represents an important point in the process of decentralization and as well a main actor of development. Nevertheless, a deepened reading of the legislation instituting the region creates a certain number of inadequacies. It misses so many coherences in the contents as cohesion in the law's texts. Imperfections which seem difficult to correct while it is outlined on the horizon a reform - in gestation – aiming the refondement of the legal bases of this institution

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31

Kemesso, Aly. "La décentralisation au prisme de l'identité locale : étude à partir de la rébellion Touareg au Mali". Thesis, Toulon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUL0125.

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Notre thèse aura pour objet d’appréhender la complexité du concept de décentralisation au regard de la construction de l’État au Mali. Pour mener cette analyse, nous adopterons la méthode dialectique. Celle-ci nous permettra de comprendre comment la décentralisation, entendue comme outil et modalité d’organisation territoriale, mobilise des « moments » de la formation de l’État qui apparaissent comme nécessairement réciproques et peuvent faire l’objet d’un double emploi entre l’unité et le pluralisme. Cet outil technique offre les moyens d’une instrumentalisation politique qui va former l’usage de la décentralisation au Mali ainsi que la possibilité d’une réflexivité des intérêts locaux dans la mise en œuvre de la décentralisation susceptible d’informer juridiquement cette pratique. En ce sens, la décentralisation se développe, initialement, dans le cadre de l’État malien au sein d’un processus ou l’État se trouve - ou se rencontre lui-même – dans la négation des identités locales ; le prix qui sera à payer sera la perte irrémédiable de son identité « à soi ». Dans cette perspective dialectique, la première phase de la décentralisation exprime le passage de l’État « en soi » à l’État « pour soi » au Mali. Cette première phase va se caractériser par l’intégration de la décentralisation dans une « grammaire politique » [Première partie]. C’est cette dissonance initiale et inhérente à la constitution même de l’État qui implique la seconde phase d’instrumentalisation de la décentralisation au Mali. Cette dernière sera ainsi appréhendée non plus dans une perspective politique mais donnera lieu à une réappropriation juridique de la décentralisation qui devrait favoriser l’intégration de ces différences et des singularités territoriales dans l’État malien [Seconde partie]. C’est cette dialectique qu’exprime selon nous l’usage malien de la décentralisation et l’influence du problème Touareg qui va pousser ce système à ses limites: ce concept apparaissant comme un outil plastique devant évoluer au regard des conjonctures et permettant d’inscrire la continuité de l’État dans la durée
Our thesis will aim to understand the complexity of the concept of decentralization with regard to the construction of the state in Mali. To carry out this analysis, we will adopt the dialectical method. This will enable us to understand how decentralization, understood as a tool and modality of territorial organization, mobilizes "moments" of the formation of the state which appear as necessarily reciprocal and can be the object of a double use between unity and pluralism. This technical tool offers the means for a political instrumentalisation that will form the use of decentralization in Mali as well as the possibility of a reflexivity of the local interests in the implementation of the decentralization likely to inform this practice legally. In this sense, decentralization develops initially within the framework of the Malian state within a process in which the state finds itself - or meets itself - in the negation of local identities; the price to be paid will be the irremediable loss of one's own identity. In this dialectical perspective, the first phase of decentralization expresses the transition from the state "in itself" to the "for itself" state in Mali. This first phase will be characterized by the integration of decentralization into a "political grammar" [Part One]. It is this initial dissonance inherent in the very constitution of the state that implies the second phase of instrumentalization of decentralization in Mali. The latter will thus be apprehended no longer in a political perspective but will give rise to a legal reappropriation of decentralization that should promote the integration of these differences and territorial singularities in the Malian state [Part Two]. It is this dialectic that, in our opinion, is expressed by the Malian use of decentralization and the influence of the Tuareg problem that will push this system to its limits: this concept appears as a plastic tool that must evolve in the light of conjunctures and allows State continuity in the long term

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32

Rouge, Sandra. "La dimension fiscale de l'autonomie financière des collectivités territoriales". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF10407.

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La question de l’autonomie financière des collectivités territoriales a souvent été étudiée a la lumière d’un pouvoir de création ou de modification fiscale qu’elle sous tendrait a leur égard. Le modèle unitaire de l’état fait toutefois obstacle à ce que les collectivités territoriales puissent bénéficier d’un tel pouvoir. Elles doivent d’abord être habilitées à l’exercer par la loi, qui demeure la gardienne de l’impôt, librement et démocratiquement consenti. Elles ne sauraient des lors se voir reconnaître une autonomie fiscale normative initiale, en faveur de laquelle le texte constitutionnel ne s’est d’ailleurs pas littéralement exprimé (ce que le Conseil constitutionnel eut l’occasion de confirmer en 2009). Il s’agit là davantage de protéger l’intégrité du système financier local face à une dépossession financière organisée par le jeu de la décentralisation. Dans ce cadre, l’autonomie financière des collectivités territoriales se définit comme la capacité de ces dernières à assurer des dépenses non légalement contraintes. L’exercice de cette capacité suppose que soit établie la garantie qu’elles bénéficient de ressources qu’elles puissent affecter à ces dépenses. Le rôle du législateur est alors central dans l’efficience de la protection puisque c’est à lui que revient la détermination de la ressource fiscale locale, seule ressource locale propre qui peut échapper a la compétence des collectivités territoriales décentralisées. Cette étroite dépendance centrale du système fiscal local milite en faveur d’une approche réaliste de l’impôt local qui, s’il obéit a une logique systémique qui lui est propre, ne peut se soustraire à sa nature juridique unitaire d’impôt, de sa création jusqu’à sa perception
The question of the financial autonomy of the territorial collectivities was often studied in the light of a power of creation or tax modification which it under would tighten in their connection. The unit model of the State prevents however so that the territorial collectivities can profit from such a power. They must initially be entitled to exert it by the law, which remains the guardian of the tax, voluntarily and democratically agreed. They could not consequently be seen recognizing an initial normative tax autonomy, in favour which the constitutional text was not literally expressed besides (what the Constitutional council had the occasion to confirm in 2009). There it is a question more of protecting the integrity from the local financial system in front of a financial dispossession organized by the game of the decentralization. Within this framework, the financial autonomy of the territorial collectivities is defined as the capacity of these last to ensure of the expenditure not legally forced. The exercise of this capacity supposes that the warranty is established that they are given resources which they can allocate to this expenditure. The role of the legislator then central in the efficiency of protection since it is with him that returns the determination of the local tax resource, only own local resource which can escape competence from the decentralized territorial collectivities. This narrow central dependence of the local tax system militates in favour of a realistic approach of the local tax which, if he obeys a systemic logic which is clean for him, cannot withdraw himself from his unit legal nature of tax, of its creation until its perception

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33

Silva, Cristiano Pereira da. "Da economia espacial solidária à sustentabilidade do Trabalho cidadão: o doce território da autonomia pelotense". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/144179.

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O presente trabalho se propõe a discutir sobre um projeto de desenvolvimento territorial que seja endógeno ao município de Pelotas e, por esta razão, em contraponto às propostas, programas e projetos que visam a geração de empregos a partir do crescimento econômico que são, ambos, hegemônicos e, sobretudo, exógenos tanto ao território quanto ao perfil particular dos pelotenses. Esta discussão procura apontar para um caminho que conduza o trabalhador – a partir do seu trabalho – a gerar tanto a riqueza material quanto a sua própria autonomia (econômica, social, cultural e política), pois se objetiva que a atividade produtiva do doce, tal qual estamos propondo, lhe possibilite o exercício da cidadania. Para tanto, a primeira parte é formada pelo debate entre dois dos cinco candidatos às eleições municipais de 2012 (à prefeitura de Pelotas – RS/Brasil), pois, nela fizemos um diálogo com as propostas de centrodireita do DEM versus as da esquerda do PSOL, sobre o caminho a ser seguido por Pelotas para sanar a “estagnação” econômica do município, que perdura desde a década de 1980 (aprofundada com a entrada do país na Globalização). Então, é neste sentido que discutimos a crise do emprego em Pelotas. Isto é, do artesanal-rural à cidade dos alimentos do passado áureo – que, somados, representam o ápice da geração em quantidade de empregos em Pelotas – ao conceito de Indicação Geográfica da Terra do Doce: que parte das tendências contraditórias do fordismo versus as do sistema flexível até sua relação com o cenário cooperativo e autônomo da Economia Solidária que, segundo apontam nossos resultados, indicam-se como sendo a tendência à vanguarda no âmbito da relação de geração, ao mesmo tempo, de riqueza social e autonomia ao trabalhador, de forma sustentável; logo, objetivando – a partir da Geografia – apontar caminhos que levam ao emprego do século XXI, em Pelotas, para os pelotenses do passado e do presente, mas de forma que eles sejam os atores locais deste desenvolvimento endógeno do seu território cidadão.
The present work proposes to deliberate about a project of territorial development that is endogenous to the municipality of Pelotas and, for that reason, in counterpoint to the proposals, programs and projects that aim to generate jobs parting from the economic growth that are both hegemonic and, most of all, exogenous to the territory as well as to the particular profile of the inhabitants of Pelotas. This discussion intends to point to a path which conducts the worker – parting from his work – to generate either the material wealth as well as his own (economic, social, cultural and political) autonomy, thus it objectivizes that the productive activity of the sweet, in the way we are proposing, facilitates him the exercise of citizenship. For this, the first part is formed by the debate between two of the five candidates to the 2012 municipal elections (to the City Hall of Pelotas – RS/Brazil), thus in it we create a dialogue with the DEM´s mid-right proposals versus the left ones of PSOL, about the way to be followed by Pelotas to aid the municipality economic “stagnation” which perdures since the 1980´s decade (deepened by the entry of the country in the Globalization). So, it is in that sense that we discuss the job crisis in Pelotas. Viz, from the rural-artisan to the city of aliments of the golden past – which, added up, represent the apex of the jobs generating in quantity in Pelotas – to the concept of The Land of the Sweet Geographical Indication: which part from the contradictories tendencies of Fordism versus the ones of the flexible system until its relation with the cooperative and autonomous scenario of Solidary Economy which, as our results show, has been indicated as being the trend to the vanguard in the ambit of the relation on generating social wealth and the worker autonomy at the same time, in a sustainable way; thus objectivizing – parting from the Geography - to point paths that take to the employment of the XXI century in Pelotas, for the past and present inhabitants of Pelotas, however, in a way that they are the local actors of this endogenous development of their citizenship territory.

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Nascimento, Loide Sulamita Mendes do. "Da origem a formação em desenvolvimento regional com autonomia do sujeito no curso de Gestão e Empreendedorismo do Setor Litoral da Universidade Federal do Paraná". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/53160.

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Orientador : Profª. Drª. Mayra Taiza Sulzbach
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Litoral, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Territorial Sustentável. Defesa: Curitiba, 31/10/2017
Inclui referências : f. 131-133
Resumo: O presente trabalho aborda diferentes concepções de desenvolvimentos, com foco no desenvolvimento regional, proposta do Curso de Gestão e Empreendedorismo, da Universidade Federal do Paraná - Setor Litoral, bem como outro fim a que se institui: a autonomia do sujeito, esta a partir de Paulo Freire. A metodologia da pesquisa caracteriza-se como do tipo documental explicativa e aplicada com uma abordagem predominantemente qualitativa. Para a identificação da origem da ideia do desenvolvimento regional e da autonomia no Curso, foi realizado um levantamento dos documentos que deram origem ao Setor Litoral e ao Curso, considerando os Projetos Políticos Pedagógicos destes. Os desenvolvimentos foram categorizados pelas adjetivações e a autonomia foi tratada como um método. As categorias de desenvolvimento foram identificadas e analisadas sob a perspectiva do desenvolvimento regional nas ementas dos Planos de Ensino e referências bibliográficas, após, suas concepções foram levantadas a partir dos autores indicados, a fim de identificar as concepções de desenvolvimento transmitidos à formação do Gestor e Empreendedor. Autonomia do sujeito, como método, foi identificada na metodologia proposta pelo Projeto Político Pedagógico do Setor e adoção no Curso, puxada pelo Projeto de Aprendizagem. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que o desenvolvimento regional é desenhado na proposta de expansão das vagas do ensino superior do Governo Federal, quando da criação do Setor e adotado no Curso para apoiar o desenvolvimento local, através dos estudantes, mas que parece diminuir-se com o Plano de Adaptação do Curso. A autonomia, prevista para a gestão administrativa e pedagógica de uma universidade, se estende ao estudante no Projeto Político Pedagógico, com base na autonomia do sujeito na construção do seu conhecimento, se apresenta como métodos que orientam os Projetos de Aprendizagem dos estudantes do Curso, os quais, com o Plano de Adaptação, são em parte abordados. Palavras-Chave: Desenvolvimento. Autonomia. Projeto Político Pedagógico. Curso de Gestão e Empreendedorismo.
Abstract: The present work deals with different conceptions of development, with a focus on regional development, a proposal of the Management and Entrepreneurship Course of the Federal University of Paraná - Setor Litoral, as well as another purpose to which it is established: the autonomy of the subject, Paulo Freire. The research methodology is characterized as an explanatory and applied document type with a predominantly qualitative approach. In order to identify the origin of the idea of regional development and autonomy in the Course, a survey of the documents that gave origin to the Coastal Sector and to the Course was carried out, considering the Pedagogical Political Projects of these. Developments were categorized by adjectives and autonomy was treated as a method. The categories of development were identified and analyzed from a regional development perspective in the Plans of Teaching and bibliographical references, after which their conceptions were drawn from the indicated authors in order to identify the development conceptions transmitted to the Manager's formation and Entrepreneur. Autonomy of the subject, as a method, was identified in the methodology proposed by the Sector's Political Pedagogical Project and adoption in the Course, drawn by the Learning Project. The results of the research demonstrate that regional development is designed in the proposal of expansion of the posts of higher education of the Federal Government, when the Sector was created and adopted in the Course to support the local development, through the students, but that seems to diminish with the Course Adaptation Plan. The autonomy, foreseen for the administrative and pedagogical management of a university, extends to the student in the Political Pedagogical Project, based on the autonomy of the subject in the construction of his knowledge, presents itself as methods that guide the Learning Projects of the students of the Course, which, with the Adaptation Plan, are partly addressed. Keywords: Development. Autonomy. Political Pedagogical Project. Course of Management and Entrepreneurship.

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Rivero, Carlos Alfredo Vacaflores [UNESP]. "La disputa territorial campesina: estudio en la region de San Agustin en Tarija - Bolivia". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96688.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-06-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:37:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rivero_cav_me_prud.pdf: 1183768 bytes, checksum: 9ce053344816dfb8d60047c877d6c876 (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A disputa camponesa pelo território é uma questão que se destaca com muita força no processo constituinte boliviano contemporâneo. Neste quadro, o sujeito social mobilizado constitui-se sobre a identidade indígena, “originaria” e camponesa, que disputa no imaginário do Estado-Nação o sentido da sua constituição como sujeito, ainda, a sua articulação institucional e territorial buscando a sua legitimidade na constituição do estado e, assim, questionando os princípios da modernidade capitalista eurocêntrica. Tem-se como referência que este Estado-Nação eurocêntrico dilui as identidades étnicas para constituir a identidade nacional do estado-nação moderno. O debate sobre a rearticulação das identidades indígenas coloca um desafio nas identidades camponesas, cuja origem colonial está na expropriação do direito do índio sobre a terra e o território, pra manter sua condição subalterna e, assim, explorar sua força de trabalho nas terras e nos territórios que anteriormente lhes perteneciam. A recuperação da terra e do território constitui-se no eixo central da luta camponesa e indígena na Bolívia, mas requer que o camponês construa um argumento da sua natureza societal expressa na dimensão territorial para articular-se plenamente em um novo esquema: o estado plurinacional
The peasant strugle for territory is a matter that emerges clearly in the contemporary bolivian constituent process, where the mobilized social subject builds up around the indigenous and peasant people and nations, that disputes the hegemonic political imaginary of the nation-state in the sense of constitution of the social subject and his linkage to the territorial and institutional legitimacy of the state, questioning the principles of the capitalistic eurocentric modernity that places a disappearance of ethnic identity to build a national identity of the modern state-nation. The debate about reconstituting indigenous identities points out a challenge over the peasant identities, where its colonial origin in the dispossession of land and territory to exploit their working force in their own ancestral territories. Taking back the land and territories is nowadays a central issue in the peasant and indigenous struggle for emancipation in Bolivia, but requires from them to build an convincing argument of their society nature with territorial attributes for a plenty linkage to the new scheme of the plurinational state
La disputa campesina por el territorio es una cuestión que emerge con contundencia en el proceso constituyente boliviano contemporáneo, donde el sujeto social movilizado se constituye en torno a la identidad de pueblo y nación indígena, originaria y campesina, que le disputa al imaginario político hegemónico del estado-nación el sentido de la constitución del sujeto y su articulación institucional y territorial a la legitimidad del estado, cuestionando los principios de la modernidad capitalista eurocéntrica que postula la dilución de las identidades étnicas para constituir la identidad nacional del estado moderno. El debate sobre la rearticulación de las identidades indígenas plantea un desafío a las identidades campesinas, cuyo origen colonial es el despojo del indio a un derecho sobre la tierra y el territorio, de manera que manteniéndolo en la condición subalterna del conquistado, se le explota la mano de obra para explotar las tierras y territorios que antes de la conquista les pertenecían. La recuperación de la tierra y del territorio se constituye en un eje central de la lucha campesina e indígena en Bolivia, pero requiere del campesino construir un argumento de su naturaleza societal con dimensión territorial para articularse plenamente en el esquema del nuevo estado plurinacional

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36

Maherzi, Djalel. "Le financement des collectivités territoriales en Algérie". Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2009_in_maherzi_d.pdf.

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En Algérie, s’il est un problème d’actualité, passionnant au premier chef, c’est bien celui qui a trait à la situation financière des collectivités territoriales. Nées d’hier, elles ont dû être dotées, dans un délai relativement court, des organes nécessaires au fonctionnement de la vie publique locale, et à la promotion du développement local. Mais pour importants que soient l'effort fourni par les pouvoirs publics et les possibilités données aux collectivités territoriales, il apparaît que les ressources financières manquent et les possibilités de gestion sont loin d'être complètes. Ainsi, les contraintes qui pèsent sur la mise en œuvre du processus de libre administration et la persistance de certains obstacles relativisent la portée réelle de leur autonomie. Cet aperçu global donne une idée de la gravité de la situation des collectivités territoriales face à un environnement en pleine mutation qui se présente sous deux aspects majeurs : leur aptitude financière reste limitée et sous un contrôle étatique permanent (première partie) ; par ailleurs, la structure financière de leurs budgets est dominée par un certain type de fiscalité, laquelle demeure néanmoins insuffisante pour faire face aux besoins des collectivités décentralisées (seconde partie). Le problème des finances locales est présentement suspendu entre un discours politique théoriquement positif et une réalité totalement contradictoire
In Algeria, if there is a problem of current events, it is that one which concerned the financial situation of the local government. Recently created, they must be endowed, in a short delay, with organs necessary in the functioning of the local public life, and for the promotion of the local development. Despite the effort furnished by authorities and the possibilities given to the local government, it seems that the financial resources miss and the possibilities of management are far from being complete. So, the constraints, which weigh against the implementation of the process of autonomy, compromise its real perspective. This global view gives an idea of the gravity of the situation of local government facing a transforming environment which appears under two major aspects: on one hand, their financial capacity remains limited and controlled by the state (1st part); on the other hand, the financial structure of their budgets is dominated by a certain type of tax system, which remains nevertheless insufficient to cover local needs (2nd part). The problem of the local finance is suspended at present between a political positive theorical speech and a totally contradictory reality

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37

Tartour, Laurence. "L'autonomie financière des collectivités territoriales en droit français". Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010277.

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L'autonomie financière des collectivités territoriales s'est construite de manière hésitante, au travers des débats sur la décentralisation et sur la question de la libre administration dont le principe figure à l'article 72 de la Constitution française. Un principe d'autonomie financière des collectivités territoriales a finalement été institué dans le cadre de la révision constitutionnelle du 28 mars 2003. Ce n'est pas pour autant qu'il ait été mis un terme aux nombreux débats concernant une question clef de la décentralisation. L'interprétation et l'application de ce principe continuent à poser problème. Il peut se comprendre de différentes manières. Il peut s'agir, d'une part, de conférer aux collectivités territoriales le droit de gérer librement les recettes locales et également de leur accorder un certain pouvoir normatif en matière fiscale. Cette conception accorde ainsi une autonomie de décision fiscale aux collectivités territoriales. Mais il peut, d'autre part, se limiter à la liberté de gérer les dépenses et les recettes et s'assimiler alors à la seule autonomie de décision de gestion. Si l'ambiguïté sur la définition de ce principe s'est à nouveau manifestée lors du vote de la loi de finances pour 2010 qui supprime la taxe professionnelle, le Conseil constitutionnel a affiné que s'il existe bien un principe d'autonomie financière des collectivités territoriales il n'en est pas de même en ce qui concerne l'autonomie fiscale. Dès lors, afin de dépasser les clivages qui opposent le pouvoir centraI au pouvoir local, il convient d'adopter une approche nouvelle de l'autonomie financière qui s'intègre à la dynamique de rationalisation du système financier public.

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Regalsky, Pablo. "Indigenous territoriality and decentralisation in Bolivia (1994-2003) : autonomies, municipalities, social differentiation and access to resources". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500978.

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This thesis explores decentralisation in the context of the emergence of indigenous peasant movements in Bolivia. It examines the Bolivian state territorial reconfiguration through decentralisation, with a focus on the impact the process of municipalisation had on indigenous territoriality and social differentiation within Andean communities. It is argued in this thesis that the scope of the Popular Participation Law proves to be more complex in practice than the aims stated by the promoters of the law and by the associated literature. The thesis shows how the municipalisation in fact comes to play a concomitant role in the neoliberal strategy of land property structure modernisation. It also explores how the incorporation of rural Andean indigenous communities into 'national life' as an element of the neoliberal strategies framed on widening the reach of the market come to affect Andean strategies of space management.

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39

Evin, Sayfoor. "Kurderna och självständigheten : En studie i territoriell autonomi och dess förutsättningar i irakiska Kurdistan och Turkiet". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-91173.

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Mammadova, Gulnar. "Financing peace : Examining the effects of economic decentralization within territorial power sharing arrangements". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-294527.

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The empirical evidence and the academic literature point to the opposed directions on the capability of the territorial arrangements to extenuate conflict in ethnically divided and civil war-worn countries. Little is known about the diverse capacities of the territorial power sharing arrangements in diminishing violence in the post-conflict societies. Therefore, this thesis aims to contribute to the field through studying the conditions under which territorial power sharing arrangements reduce violence in the post-conflict settings. I argue that a resumption of violence is less likely following territorial power sharing arrangements in cases where a relatively high level of economic decentralization is provided for a subnational entity, as it allows the rebel groups to sustain their support base among key constituencies. To test the theoretical argument, a structured, focused comparison of territorial power sharing arrangements in Aceh province of Indonesia and Mindanao province of the Philippines is conducted. The empirical findings give support to the hypothesis in the expected direction. Aceh, where the resumption of violence did not occur, also was enjoying a relatively higher level of economic decentralization. While in ARMM, where the violence resumed after five years following the peace agreement, economic decentralization was relatively low. Nevertheless, the extended analysis reveals additional factors. Transformation of the rebel organization into the political parties and inclusive peace agreements potentially may have impact on the territorial power sharing arrangements’ capability to contain violence in the post conflict environments.

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Appelsved, Emelie. "Graffiti på spel : En kvalitativ undersökning, via NUG, om graffitins autonomi". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Konstvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-33650.

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Abstract Comments regarding Swedish graffiti writer NUG’s film Territorial Pissing (2008) express how graffiti and art appear to be two different worlds and when these worlds come together the expression of graffiti seems to transform. This thesis, Graffiti at stake: a qualitative study, via NUG, about the autonomy in graffiti, aims to both examine and bring about a general discussion on whether graffiti is autonomous when it enters the art world. The thesis also discusses transformed content and expression in the works of NUG when performed in a different context; what is exhibited in an institutional art context and what positions does NUG occupy? The French sociologist Pierre Bourdieus conceptions field and autonomy has been used as a theoretical framework, and partly as method as well. By studying the works of NUG another expression has been found within an institutional art context – black irrational lines and cascades. These are interpreted as energy generated from the act of performing graffiti and have been discussed in relation to the graffiti- and art practice as well as the symbolic capital. The thesis argues that the autonomy is situated in what is recognized and acknowledged. The thesis also concludes that NUG is entering into a masculine, conventional and strong artist position, similar to Pollock.
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Uppsatsen, Graffiti på spel: en kvalitativ undersökning, via NUG, om graffitins autonomi, tar avstamp i kommentarer rörande den svenska graffitiutövaren NUG:s videoverk Territorial Pissing (2008). Kommentarer som uttrycker att graffiti och konst tycks vara två separata världar och när dessa världar möts tycks uttrycket i graffiti inte vara detsamma – är det graffiti? Om graffiti är autonomt när det inträder i konstens fält är en generell diskussion som denna uppsats lämnar ett bidrag till. NUG har en magisterexamen i konst och tillhör de största namnen på Sveriges och Europas graffitiscener. Inom en konstinstitutionell kontext har ett annat uttryck, än de traditionella graffitibokstäverna, kunnat konstateras; irrationella streck och kaskader av svart sprayfärg. De förstås som energi, alstrad från akten att måla graffiti, samt framstår som en nödvändighet. Uppsatsen diskuterar en graffitipraktik och dess relation till konstfältet. I konstens fält står graffiti på spel och autonomin hamnar i det som igenkännes och erkännes. Detta är också en uppsats om hur NUG går från en manlig utövarposition, in till en manlig, konventionell och stark konstnärsposition, i förening med Pollock, samt hur NUG har en fot i ”graffitins fält” respektive en fot i konstens fält och hur han manövrerar dessa fält.

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42

Busseuil, Arnaud. "L'autonomie dans la République : bilan politique et juridique de trente années d'autonomie en Polynésie française, 1984-2014". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0008.

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La Polynésie française, collectivité d'outre-mer, vit sous le régime juridique de l'autonomie depuis 1977. Ce n'est toutefois qu'à partir de 1984 que les attributions et les symboles d'une véritable autonomie commencent à échoir à la collectivité. Or l'autonomie dans la République est source de nombreuses difficultés juridiques, entre respect d'un principe de subsidiarité à son paroxysme et conciliation des droits et libertés fondamentaux garantis par la République. Ainsi, trente années après les véritables débuts de l'autonomie polynésienne, il est désormais temps de dresser un bilan juridique et politique de l'application dans la collectivité d'un tel régime juridique. Afin de parvenir à un bilan le plus significatif possible, ce travail de recherche propose d'analyser les principales matières qui sont le soubassement du développement d'un territoire, matières dont les compétences ont été transférées à la collectivité territoriale. Ainsi, une analyse juridique et des politiques publiques issues des compétences suivantes est dressée : droit, économie, fiscalité, éducation, santé publique. De surcroît, cette recherche est l'occasion de déterminer les causes de l'échec relatif de l'autonomie polynésienne : gouvernance politique locale, statuts juridiques ou encore vacance étatique. Enfin, un bilan ne peut trouver d'intérêt que dans la projection qu'il peut susciter et il convenait donc de discuter de l'avenir de la Polynésie française, à la fois dans son développement économique et social local et dans sa relation à la République, relation qui pose à nouveau la problématique du délitement hypothétique de l'état unitaire à la française
French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity, has lived under an autonomy regime since 1977. However, it has only been since 1984 that the attributions and the symbols of a true autonomy have started to fall into the collectivity's hands. Yet, autonomy in the Republic is the source of many legal difficulties, between respecting a principle to its paroxysm and the arbitration of fundamental rights and liberties guaranteed by the Republic. Therefore, thirty years after the real start of Polynesian autonomy, it is about time to draw up a report in the most significant way possible. This research work offers an analysis of the main matters which consist of the foundation of the development of a territory, matters which competences have been transferred to the territorial collectivity. Thereby, a legal analysis and an analysis of the public politics issued from the following competences is drawn up : law, economy, tax system, education and public health. Moreover, this research is an opportunity to determine the causes of a failure in regards to Polynesian autonomy : local political governance, legal statuses or even state vacuum. Finally, such an assessment can only be of interest thanks to the projection it can provoke, and it was thus suitable to discuss the future of French Polynesia concerning both its local social and economical development as well as its relationship with the Republic, a relationship that arouses again the problematic of the hypothetical dismantling of the French unitary state

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Moine, Hervé. "Intelligence économique territoriale de l'aire d'influence du Port de Marseille Fos". Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2007MARN0343.

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Le Port de Marseille-Fos, fort de ses 10 000 hectares à l’embouchure du 2ième plus grand fleuve du bassin méditerranéen, est un nœud d’un réseau global et un noyau d’un réseau local. A l’interface des enjeux maritimes et terrestres, l’aire d’influence de ce port international doit prendre conscience de ce système complexe qui l’entoure. C’est le principal objectif de ce travail de recherche action. L’approche présentée est structurée autour du concept d’“Usine Territoriale” qui relie la vision analytique de la productivité associée à l’usine et la vision systémique associée au développement territorial durable. Ce concept a permis de mettre en œuvre un processus, basé sur de la prospective volontariste, de la concertation, de l’action et de l’innovation, qui a fait réagir le réseau local du port, en le faisant passer d’un état passif à un état réceptif…première étape vers un pacte territorial. Le travail réalisé se fonde sur une analyse précise de la problématique du système portuaire et il propose une méthode qui permet d’“instrumentaliser ” l’“Usine Territoriale” pour mieux comprendre et piloter ses boucles de régulation / rétroaction (économique, environnementale et sociale). Des résultats concrets sont présentés et commentés pour enfin proposer un schéma directeur d’Intelligence Economique Territoriale de l’aire d’influence du Port de Marseille-Fos. Cette thèse n’est que la première étape d’un long chemin qui mènera ce territoire vers de nouvelles richesses
The Port of Marseille-Fos, strengthened by its 10 000 hectares located at the mouth of the second largest river of the mediterranean basin is a center piece of a global network and a central core of a local network. Interfacing maritime and land stakes, the area which is influenced by this international port must become aware of this complex system which surrounds it. It is the main object of this action research work. The approach presented is structured around the concept of the "territorial manufacturing plant" which links the analytical vision of productivity to that of the plant and the systemic vision associated to sustainable territorial development. This concept has enabled the setting up of a process based on volontary prospective, concertation, action and innovation, which aroused the port's local network, which allowed it to change from a passive state to a receptive one. . . First step toward a territorial pact. The work carried out is based on a precise analysis of the port system problematic and it proposes a method which allows to coordinate the territorial "manufacturing plant" in order to better understand and govern its regulation systems / retroactions (economic, environmental and social). The concrete results are presented and commented in order to finally propose a Territorial Economic Intelligence Master Plan for the areas influenced by the Port of Marseille-Fos. This thesis is the first step of a long process which will lead this territory toward new richnesses

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Jeon, Hoon. "L'autonomie locale et le contrôle des actes des collectivités territoriales en Corée". Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX32012.

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En Asie centrale, du Sud et du Sud-Est, après la décolonisation, le partage des fleuves qui n'étaient pas, auparavant, perçus comme internationaux a généré des tensions et différends interétatiques. Dans certains cas, les États ont tenté de les résoudre en concluant des conventions mettant en place des régimes de gestion conjointe, qui n'ont pas fonctionné de manière satisfaisante. Dans d'autres, aucune solution concertée pérenne n'a pu être trouvée, ce qui a généré des impacts négatifs environnementaux, sociaux, économiques et sanitaires parfois significatifs. Or, à partir du milieu des années 1990, les États des bassins Gange-Brahmapoutre, du Mékong et de la mer d'Aral ont conclu une série de nouveaux accords instituant des régimes de gestion conjointe plus ou moins intégrés. Il s'agit alors d'identifier les facteurs qui ont favorisé ou freiné l'instauration de la coopération sur les ressources en eau partagées et d'étudier les régimes juridiques élaborés pour internationaliser leur gestion. Cette étude - qui se fait au regard non seulement, du droit relatif aux utilisations autres que la navigation des cours d'eau internationaux, mais également des " principes de bonne gestion " qui apparaissent en droit international - permet de mettre en lumière les dynamiques qui permettent aux États de s'engager sur la voie d'un développement hydraulique durable et concerté, voire intégré, les faiblesses qui demeurent dans les régimes mis en place, et de questionner le rôle que le droit international peut jouer dans la promotion d'une gestion plus durable des ressources en eau partagées
After the decolonization of Central, South and Southeast Asia, the sharing of rivers that weren't formerly seen as international watercourses generated international tensions and disputes. In certain cases, States tried to resolve this problem by the signing of treaties which organised joint management regimes and which did not function properly. In other cases, no permanent solution could be negotiated. Such a situation generated negative environmental, social, economic and sanitary impacts that sometimes proved to be significant. And yet, from the mid-90's, the States of the Ganges-Brahmaputra, Mekong and Aral Sea basins concluded a series of new treaties which institute more or less integrated joint management regimes. Therefore, one can wonder about the factors that promoted or impeded cooperation on international freshwater resources and it seems necessary to study the legal regimes that were drawn up so as to internationalise their management. This study - which is carried out not only with regard to the Law of non navigational uses of international watercourses but also with regard to "good management principles" arising in International Law - enables to highlight the dynamics which made it possible for the States to embark on the path of a sustainable and concerted hydraulic development, the weaknesses that remain in the legal regimes States drew up, and to question International Law's role in promoting the sustainable management of shared water resources

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45

Poivret, Cédric. "La gouvernance d'un réseau territorialisé d'organisations par une structure d'animation autonome, fonctionnement et impact : le cas de plastipolis". Lyon 3, 2010. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2010_in_poivret_c.pdf.

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Les politiques de soutien aux clusters et districts industriels, termes que nous rassemblerons sous le concept de réseaux territorialisés d’organisations, sont désormais mises en place par la plupart des pays. Cette politique de soutien se traduit par l’instauration, au sein de ces RTO, d’une gouvernance formelle. Il convient de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement ainsi que l’impact de ce type de gouvernance formelle, en particulier lorsqu’elle est prise en charge par une structure d’animation autonome. En effet, les autres modes de gouvernance d’un RTO ont été étudiés par la littérature, et ils semblent montrer des limites importantes en termes d’intérêt pour les acteurs. Pour répondre à notre questionnement, une méthodologie qualitative par études de cas (Yin, 2003) a été employée. Notre terrain empirique nous a été fourni par la politique des pôles de compétitivité, mise en œuvre en France depuis juillet 2005, qui nous a permis d’étudier directement ou indirectement, plusieurs exemples de gouvernance formelle par des structures d’animation autonomes au sein de réseaux territorialisés d’organisations. Ces études de cas nous ont permis de mettre en évidence quatre niveaux de résultats, à savoir quelle gouvernance stratégique et opérationnelle cette structure d’animation autonome doit mettre en place ; quel impact cette gouvernance peut avoir sur les acteurs, et enfin comment cette structure « profite » du contexte dans lequel elle évolue
The political support of clusters and industrial districts, terms which we gather under the concept of territorial networks of organizations (TNO) are now implemented by most countries. This political support is reflected by the establishment, within the TNO, of formal governance. It would be better to understand the functioning and the impact of this type of formal governance, especially when it is supported by an autonomous network administrative organization. Indeed, other modes of governance of a TNO were studied in the literature, which suggests significant limitations in terms of interest for the actors. To answer to our questions, a qualitative methodology, carried through case studies (Yin, 2003) was used. Our empirical field has been provided by the competitiveness clusters policy, implemented in France since July 2005. Such policy allowed us to study, directly or indirectly, several examples of formal governance by autonomous network administrative organizations in territorial networks of organizations. These case studies allowed us to identify four levels of results: which strategic governance and operational governance this autonomous network administrative organization must establish; what is the impact these governance may have over actors, and finally, how this structure “benefits” from the context in which it operates

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46

Faval, Cherie. "La Regione sostenibile. Forme giuridiche del regionalismo alla luce del principio di sostenibilità. Spunti comparativi dalle esperienze italiana, francese e spagnola = La Région durable. Formes juridiques du régionalisme au vu du principe de durabilité. Suggestions comparatives à partir des expériences italienne, française et espagnole". Doctoral thesis, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11579/142899.

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The thesis aims to deal with a classical theme (regional territorial organisation), in a comparative perspective (comparing the Italian Regione, the French Région and the Spanish Comunidad Autónoma) and adopting a dimension that is widely spread (sustainability). In this sense, the research, on the one hand, traces the reference framework of the whole work, introducing the basic concepts (Region; Regional State), not without having previously contextualised them in the perimeter in which it is (still) relevant to deal with them (the questions relating to territorialization and autonomy). Then, the thesis discusses certain characteristics ('static' and 'dynamic' variables of the 'regional state') which are described as emblematic, insofar as their function is both to provide a representative description of the 'regional state', abstractly considered, and to serve as a parameter of the comparative relationship between concrete regional experiences. On the other hand, the thesis analyses the subject of sustainability, attempting, firstly, to trace the origins of the concept and the processes of its "juridicisation" and "constitutionalisation". Secondly, it asks whether it is possible to propose further interpretations of sustainability that could prove useful for an analysis of institutional nature. This component of the work – a sort of "research within the research" – leads to the identification of a notion of institutional sustainability – and, in particular, of regional institutional sustainability – and of a series of potential indicators of sustainability. On this basis, the identified criterion is proposed as a key to interpret the experiences of 'regionalism', with a view not to give exhaustive and complete answers, but to provide useful elements for a fruitful reflection on the existence or not of conditions of permanent and future sustainability of the regional institution.

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47

Duranthon, Arnaud. "Subsidiarité et collectivités territoriales : étude sur la subsidiarisation des rapports entre État et collectivités en droit public français". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU10039.

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La place susceptible d’être occupée par la subsidiarité dans la définition des rapports entre État et collectivités territoriales fait l’objet d’un débat doctrinal nourri. Pendant longtemps, la majorité de la doctrine paraît avoir considéré ce concept comme absolument incompatible au droit public français, arguant de la forme unitaire de l’État, qui cantonne l’évolution du rapport de l’État aux collectivités à une décentralisation supposant par nature un mouvement inverse à la subsidiarité. Cette position a été sérieusement entamée par la consécration d’un principe inspiré de cette dernière par la révision constitutionnelle de 2003, qui doit être vue comme une invitation au renouvellement de la réflexion sur la nature du rapport du droit français à ce concept. Confronter la manière dont le droit organise les rapports entre État et collectivités au principe de subsidiarité suppose l’adoption d’un positionnement particulier. La solution réside dans un usage original de la subsidiarité qui, plutôt que d’être envisagée dans une logique prescriptive, doit être appréhendée comme un outil descriptif et analytique. L’ambition est alors davantage de faire de la subsidiarité un étalon auquel confronter l’évolution du droit que de chercher à faire d’elle un principe directeur des relations entre État et collectivités. Il s’agit alors de montrer que si, prises dans une acception synchronique axée sur leur seule définition par le droit positif, certaines notions traditionnelles régissant le droit des collectivités territoriales paraissent s’opposer à l’épanouissement de la subsidiarité, cette impossibilité peut être levée, ou à tout le moins fortement modérée, par l’observation des mouvements connus par ces mêmes notions dans une optique diachronique, grâce à laquelle peut être mise en évidence l’irréductible tendance du droit à se rapprocher des exigences inhérentes au principe de subsidiarité. Ceci revient alors à plonger la situation des rapports entre État et collectivités dans un bain conceptuel qui, s’il paraît a priori relativement étranger aux structures normatives du droit positif français, paraît cependant caractériser une forme latente et inconsciente de son évolution, dans l’observation de laquelle la doctrine pourrait trouver de nouvelles clés de description du droit positif qui permettraient de dépasser les butoirs de ses cadres analytiques traditionnels
The place subsidiarity might hold within the definition of the relationship between the State and local authorities is subject to intense academic discussion. For a long time, most academics seem to have thought of this concept as absolutely incompatible with French public law, based on the unitary form of the State, which confines the evolution of the State’s relationship with local authorities to decentralization, implying, by definition, an opposite movement than that of subsidiarity. This position has been seriously questioned by the consecration of a principle inspired by subsidiarity through the constitutional revision of 2003, which must be received as an invitation to a renewed reflection on the nature of French public law’s connection with this concept. Comparing the way law organizes relationships between the State and local authorities with the principle of subsidiarity implies the adoption of a particular position. The solution lies in an original use of subsidiarity, which, instead of being conceived in a normative manner, must be seen as a descriptive and analytical tool. The purpose is to let subsidiarity become a standard to which the evolution of the law will be confronted, rather than making it a guiding principle of the relationship between the State and local authorities. The aim is then to show that if, taken in a synchronic meaning focused solely on their definition by substantive law, certain traditional notions which govern the law of local authorities seem to oppose the development of subsidiarity, this impossibility can be countered, or at least seriously decreased, by the observation of movements these same notions experience in a diachronic perspective, thanks to which law’s irreducible tendency to take into account requirements inherent to the subsidiarity principle is revealed. This implies throwing the relationship between the State and local authorities in a conceptual approach which, even though it appears rather foreign to French substantive law’s normative structures, seems to characterize a latent and unconscious form of its evolution, in the observation of which academics could attempt to find new keys to describe substantive law which would allow to overcome the obstacles of its traditional analytical frames

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48

Darbousset, Charley. "Recherches sur la notion de péréquation en droit public". Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688132.

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La péréquation française est devenue un enjeu fort des finances publiques locales. La croissance des moyens financiers et du nombre de dispositifs consacrés à la réduction des inégalités entre collectivités territoriales en est l'illustration. Malgré la mise en œuvre de péréquations nationales aux résultats encourageants, la cohérence et la complexité des mécanismes restent à parfaire. L'incapacité législative à contenir la péréquation dans un cadre stable et délimité n'est pas étrangère aux difficultés à appréhender la conciliation entre deux grands principes : la liberté et l'égalité. A ce titre, les grandes théories de la justice redistributive développées depuis le siècle des Lumières sont à considérer. Au contraire de la Loi fondamentale allemande, la Constitution française permet au législateur d'organiser très librement la solidarité inter-collectivités, d'autant que le juge constitutionnel, précurseur et gardien du droit à la péréquation, exerce en la matière, un contrôle incomplet au détriment de l'autonomie financière et fiscale des collectivités. A partir des fondements théoriques et positifs de la péréquation, un droit effectif et respectueux de l'autonomie locale reste à construire afin de corriger les insuffisances d'un système péréquateur récemment modifié par la réforme des lois de finances pour 2010 et 2011.

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49

Cigolini, Adilar Antonio. "Território e criação de municípios no Brasil". Florianópolis, SC, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/92531.

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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Geografia, Florianópolis, 2009
Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-24T09:47:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 268885.pdf: 8219176 bytes, checksum: 665c46c466a6fb7a051dab177cfad6d6 (MD5)
Em 1980, havia no Brasil 3.974 municípios. Em 2001, esse número saltou para 5.563 governos locais. Nota-se que, num curto período de tempo, o território brasileiro passou por um intenso processo de compartimentação, emancipando 40% dos municípios hoje existentes. Esse fenômeno chamou a atenção da imprensa e da sociedade e foi caracterizado por muitos como nocivo ao País, por representar aumento de custos para a manutenção de novas máquinas públicas. Por outro lado, alguns argumentos defendem que a criação de municípios incentiva a participação política e melhora a qualidade de vida local, em razão dos investimentos em serviços essenciais, além de possibilitar a construção de espaços para o exercício da cidadania. As causas da criação dessas unidades e suas consequências foram analisadas por inúmeros pesquisadores. Entretanto, a abordagem desses trabalhos tem sido, de maneira geral, limitadas a aspectos circunstanciais do fenônemo, pois buscam relações causais entre elementos conjunturais, como, por exemplo, a existência de mecanismos de repasse de recursos e a criação dos municípios. Esta pesquisa, por sua vez, explica a criação de municípios como fenômeno resultante da relação entre a sociedade e o espaço, cuja reflexão teórica propõe a compartimentação como componente estrutural na formação do território. Nessa abordagem, a ocupação do território brasileiro e a formação de governos locais foram considerados fenômenos intrínsecos. Para demonstrar esse processo, utilizou-se o território nacional como escala espacial de análise, e a história do Brasil, como escala temporal. O longo período de formação do espaço brasileiro foi abordado com base nas formas históricas de governo: Colônia, Império e República. Para cada um dos períodos foram demonstrados aspectos referentes à ocupação do território e de como se comportava a malha de municípios à medida em que isso ocorria, buscando explicações sobre esse comportamento.

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50

Inocente, Bruno Romeu. "Les mécanismes de la solidarité territoriale : essai comparatif (Brésil - France)". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0004/document.

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À l'intérieur d'un État, la distribution des ressources publiques sur le territoire a une importance fondamentale, parce qu'elle représente un facteur de justice dans les rapports entre collectivités territoriales, de sorte qu’elle conditionne la capacité à assurer les charges liées à l’exercice de leurs compétences, dans le respect de leur autonomie, au profit des habitants qui doivent pouvoir bénéficier d’une qualité minimale des services publics. Cette thèse vise d’abord à étudier et à comparer quelle est l’influence de la forme d’État (unitaire pour la France et fédérative pour le Brésil) sur les mécanismes de la solidarité territoriale. Elle se propose de décrire et d’analyser l’efficacité des mécanismes plus importants (financiers : impôt local, dotations, fonds et transferts facultatifs ; coopératifs : institutions représentatives, politiques publiques nationales, mutualisation et contrats entre collectivités territoriales) mis en place, dès le prélèvement des impôts (nationaux ou locaux), en passant par les incitations fiscales, jusqu’au transfert des ressources aux bénéficiaires. Toute d’abord par une description de l’évolution historique qui explique l’organisation territoriale et la naissance des mécanismes de solidarité actuels, puis en montrant les inégalités importantes qui existent, principalement entre communes pour, enfin, finir avec une analyse prospective de l’efficacité et des défauts (guerre fiscale, corruption et évasion fiscales) de ces mécanismes qui visent à réaliser une péréquation (verticale ou horizontale) des ressources publiques
Within a state, the distribution of public resources inside the territory have a fundamental importance, because it represents a factor of justice in the relationship between local authorities, so that it affects the ability to provide their obligations related to the exercise of their powers in respect of their autonomy, in benefit of citizens who need to have a minimum quality of public services. This thesis aims first to examine and compare what is the influence of the form of state (Unitary for France and Federal for Brazil) on the mechanisms of territorial solidarity. It aims to describe and analyze the effectiveness of the most important mechanisms (financial: local taxes, grants, funds and discretionary transfers; cooperative: representative institutions, national public policies, pooling and contracts between central state and local authorities). Firstly with a description of the historical evolution of territorial organization and the birth of the current solidarity mechanisms and showing the significant existant inequalities, moreover among municipalities, to finally end up with a prospective analysis of effectiveness and defects (tax war, corruption and tax evasion) of these mechanisms designed to achieve equalization (vertical or horizontal) of public resources

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Tesis sobre el tema "Autonomie territoriali"

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