Tesis sobre el tema "Automatique et automobile"
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Choi, Sungwoo. "Estimation et contrôle pour le pilotage automatique de véhicule : Stop&Go et parking automatique". Paris, ENMP, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENMP0025.
Texto completoThe purpose of my thesis, realized in collaboration with VALEO, is to develop advanced driver assistance systems to increase safety and comfor t in vehicles. To summarize, it is to develop algorithms of a longitudinal control such as Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) allowing to follow in real time with a safety a leading vehicle and more generally strategies to lower Speed (Stop&Go) for the evolution of vehicle in urban environments. At low speed, it should also consider the problem of parallel parking assistance. First of all, the longitudinal control algorithms (ACC and Stop &Go) were studied. In order to increase system robustness against measurement noise, neglected external dynamics such as the slope of the road, rolling resistance and aerodynamic forces, etc. , as well as uncer tainties related to the engine/brake model, an unfied algebraic approach for estimation and model-free control is applied. Regarding the low-speed automation of parallel parking, we proposed a general solution based on a geometric approach. Our local planner can generate a geometric path consisting of circular arcs of minimum radius and straight lines for a parking space whose length is greater than the diagonal of the vehicle. It should be noted that our method is independent of the initial position of the vehicle if its initial position is parallel to the parking lot. An algorithm for geometric path planning of the parallel parking problem according to the length of the parking space was also developed. A theoretical study of the complexity of our method in terms of the number of maneuvers shows that it requires less maneuvers than classical methods in practical cases
Azarian, Armin. "Contribution au diagnostic automatique des défaillances, des causes et des effets, application au domaine automobile". Paris, ENSAM, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ENAM0029.
Texto completoThis dissertation explores the field of diagnosis applied to the automotive industry based on SIDIS Enterprise developed by Siemens AG. At the beginning we analyzed the importance of the after-sale world for car manufacturers and in the automotive value chain, as well as the requirements of manufacturers for computer assisted diagnostic tools. One important requirement for manufacturers was to limit the post development cost of models for the diagnosis. Furthermore, the analysis shows that electronic failures increase as well as electronic equipment with the consequences that the failure localization becomes more and more complex. The need for computer assisted tools for car manufacturers was therefore essential in order to save time for the fault localization, for the client’s satisfaction, and for the image of the brand. This thesis leads to a global modular framework for automotive diagnosis composed by: a perceived symptom search engine, an automatic ODX exchange system, a hybrid heuristic and model based diagnostic strategy, a feedback engine. The first module is concerned with the interpretation and mapping of qualitative failure descriptions in natural language. The second module allows authors of the database and knowledge network to automatically import Electronic Control Units description files. The last ones are concerned with the development of a diagnosis algorithm, which combines all different knowledge sources and benefits from the return of experience for the auto completion of the models. All these modules contribute to the overall reduction of the costs of models for the diagnosis
Chikhi, Fouzi. "Système prédictif et préventif d'aide à la conduite". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS0044.
Texto completoOur work of thesis concerns the systems of assistance to the drivers. In the objective to increase safety, we propose to the driver a contribution of an anticipated knowledge of the road by a system of cartography embarked but also of models of prediction of dynamics vehicle for the anticipation of a situation of danger. The system of assistance to driving is based on the evaluation in real time of the dynamic situation of the vehicle. The original introduction of a virtual vehicle (Avatar), projected in front of the real vehicle, indeed makes it possible to pre-empt the adequacy of the dynamic state of the vehicle compared to the road, in order to avoid the situations of accidents. The evaluation of the adequacy of the dynamics of the vehicle with its environment requires the development of models of vehicles sufficiently reduced to be used in line (observer, estimator, calculation of criteria). We thus analyzed the situations of conduits and defined a whole of relevant situations, whose association makes it possible to reproduce a real route of the vehicle. For that we developed an observer multimodèle by sliding modes in particular for the estimate of the adherence and the attributes of the road. The system presented offers an active help to the driver, within this framework of the assistance to braking, we proposed a strategy of order for the regulation of the slip in the case of a braking by system ABS. The goal is to maximize braking by ensuring a maximum of adherence, and thus to reinforce the actions of the driver, in the first additive phases (progressive actions of the RCC). In the event of evolution of criticality, the system takes completely charges braking of it by fixing the instruction
Nouillant, Cédric. "Contribution au pilotage coopératif des systèmes de liaisons au sol d'une automobile par commande hybride hiérarchisée". Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12611.
Texto completoChou, Hsin. "Contribution au contrôle global de châssis". Paris, ENMP, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENMP1105.
Texto completoMartinez, Dominique. ""Offset", une méthode de construction incrémentale de réseaux de neurones multicouches et son application à la conception d'un copilote automobile". Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30033.
Texto completoDecourt, Colin. "Extraction et identification de cibles multiples pour radar automobile à l'aide d'intelligence artificielle". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU30321.
Texto completoIn recent years, connected vehicles have paved the way for safer and more automated transportation systems. These vehicles rely heavily on Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS) and use various sensors like radar, camera, LiDAR, and V2X to ensure 360° safety type of cocoon around the vehicle. While artificial intelligence and deep learning have enabled real-time object detection and identification using cameras and LiDAR, the use of such algorithms on radar data is still limited. Radar sensors offer advantages, such as working in challenging weather conditions and providing good performance in distance, angular and speed resolution, at a lower cost than LiDAR. However, radars output relatively low content information regarding the detected targets and several pre and post-processing steps are required to obtain those. Since the processing steps filter the raw signal returned by objects, it can affect the performance of AI algorithms. This PhD aims to develop new deep learning algorithms explicitly tailored for raw radar data to integrate them into automotive systems. These algorithms will detect and identify objects in complex environments. Additionally, this thesis will explore the optimal types of radar data and pre-processing steps for achieving the best performance. The algorithms will have to meet automotive constraints, including low power consumption, simplicity, and fast response times
Loreau, Tanguy. "Construction automatique de modèles multi-corps de substitution aux simulations de crashtests". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC082/document.
Texto completoAt Renault, to fulfill upstream studies, teams in charge of crashworthiness use very simple models to pre-size the vehicle. Today, these models are built from the physical behavior of only one or some reference vehicles. They work and allow to size the project. But today, the company wishes to build its upstream models using all its vehicles. In other words, it wishes to get an automatic method to analyze crashtests simulations to capitalize their results in a database of simplified models.To meet this goal, we decide to use the multi-body model theory. We develop a method to analyze crashtests simulations in order to extract the data required to build a surrogate multi-body model : CrashScan. The analysis process implemented in CrashScan can be split into three major steps.The first one allows to identify the low deformed zones on a crashtest simulation. Then, we can build the topological graph of the future surrogate model. The second step is to analyze the relative kinematics between the low deformed zones : major directions and deformation modes (e.g. crushing or bending) are identified analysing relative movements. The last step is to analyze strengths and moments located between the low deformed zones, viewed in the frames associated to the major directions of deformations in function of the deformations. This allows us to identify equivalent Bouc-Wen hysteretic models. These models have three parameters that we can use : a stiffness, a threshold strength before plastification and a strain of hardening. These parameters can directly be used by upstream studies experts.Finally, we build multi-body models for three different use case. We compare them to their reference over the results they produce for the upstream criteria : models generated with CrashScan seems to grant the precision and the fidelity required to be used during automotive development's upstream phases.To continue this research work and get an industrial solution, there are still some locks to lift, the main ones are : synthesis of any movement into six elementary ones and multi-body synthesis on elements other than beams
Losero, Rémi. "Contrôle en couple et en vitesse du glissement d'un embrayage simple ou double dans une transmission automobile". Thesis, Valenciennes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016VALE0005/document.
Texto completoThis PhD has been done in an industrial framework with the so-called automotive equipment manufacturer Valeo and the laboratory of Automatic Control, Mechanics, Informatics and Human Sciences LAMIH UMR CNRS 8201 of Valenciennes, France. The issues of this PhD are closed to the industrialization context such as the clutch torque estimation during the gear shifting phases in a dual clutch transmission and the clutch slip speed control. In order to solve the inline clutch torque estimation issues, a virtual torque sensor has been developed. On one hand, this virtual sensor is composed of a shaft torsion angle estimation based on a method of virtual tooth adding into the encoder sensors. On another hand, discrete angular domain unknown input Takagi-Sugeno observer is used for the estimation of the dynamic part of transmitted torque. This methodology has permitted the estimation of the transmitted clutch torque of a dual clutch transmission in simulation. The simulation results have been obtained on a simulation platform provided by Valeo, including a complete vehicle model. The methodology has also been tested on real data of a dual mass flywheel angular deflection. Thus, online estimation of instantaneous acyclic engine torque and transmitted clutch torque has been obtained. Concerning the slip control, a robust control strategy against the external disturbances leaded to the driver and the system parameters incertitude has been developed. This strategy permits to ensure the required specifications in simulation. The strategy has been also validated on vehicle during track trials
Kangoye, Sékou. "Elaboration d'une approche de vérification et de validation de logiciel embarqué automobile, basée sur la génération automatique de cas de test". Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0017/document.
Texto completoAn embedded system is a system that performs a specific task and has a computer embedded inside. In the automotive sector, the amount of embedded systems in the vehicle has risen dramatically in recent years and is set to increase. They deal essentially with safety, comfort, and driving assistance. Furthermore, the increase in number and complexity of the systems is associated with a growth in software. As a consequence, their management (system and software) have become more and more complex and problematic. Also, the competition and time-to-market in the automotive industry are very tough. Thus, to guarantee the efficiency and reliability of the embedded systems in the vehicle in general and the software in particular, in view of the complexity as well as the competition and time-to-market law, new development methods should be considered. Therefore, new development methods including new standards, and automatic approaches have emerged over the last years. In the particular case of embedded software verification and validation, one of the most critical activities that has experienced a significant progress is test case generation with the advent of automatic approaches. Despite this, these approaches are not widely used or are not well adapted in industrial context. In that context, our goal in this PhD. thesis is to propose a new verification and validation approach, based on automatic test case generation of embedded embedded. Thus, we have set up an approach that automatically generates test cases, with respect to the MC/DC criterion, from abstract models of the software specifications expressed in the form of state-transition models
Fournier, Laurent. "Contribution à la modélisation d'un véhicule automobile et de son environnement : Algorithmes d'apprentissage pour la commande électronique de boîte de vitesse automatique". Limoges, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIMO0061.
Texto completoBerrichi, Houria. "Détection précoce des troubles de la vigilance : approches neurophysiologiques et comportementales". Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30233.
Texto completoBenkaci, Mourad. "Surveillance des systèmes automatiques et systèmes embraqués". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647456.
Texto completoTouzani, Hicham. "Planification Multi-Robot du Problème de Répartition de Tâches avec Évitement Automatique de Collisions et Optimisation du Temps de Cycle : Application à la Chaîne de Production Automobile". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPAST079.
Texto completoIn the automotive industry, several robots are required to simultaneously carry out welding sequences on the same vehicle. Assigning and coordinating welding tasks between robots is a manual and challenging phase that must be optimized using automatic tools. The cycle time of the cell strongly depends on different robotic factors such as the task allocation among the robots, the configuration solutions, and obstacle avoidance. Moreover, a key aspect, often neglected in the state-ofthe- art, is to define a strategy to solve the robotic task sequencing with an effective robot-robot collision avoidance integration. This thesis is motivated by solving this industrial problem and seeks to raise different research challenges. It begins by presenting the current state-of-the-art solutions regarding robotic planning. An in-depth investigation is carried out on the related existing academic/industrial solutions to solve the robotic task sequencing problem, particularly for multi-robot systems. This investigation helps identify the challenges when integrating several robotic factors into the optimization process. An efficient iterative algorithm that generates a high-quality solution for the Multi-Robotic Task Sequencing Problem is presented. This algorithm manages not only the mentioned robotic factors but also aspects related to accessibility constraints and mutual collision avoidance. In addition, a home-developed planner (RoboTSPlanner) handling six-axis robots has been validated in a real case scenario. In order to ensure the completeness of the proposed methodology, we perform optimization in the task, configuration, and coordination space in a synergistic way. Compared to the existing approaches, both simulation and real experiments reveal positive results in terms of cycle time and show the ability of this method to be interfaced with both industrial simulation software and ROS-I tools
Sharabaty, Hassan. "Diagnostic de la somnolence d'un opérateur : analyse automatique de signaux physiologiques". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00197161.
Texto completoSandulescu, Paul. "Modélisation et commande d’un système à trois phases indépendantes à double fonctionnalité : Traction Électrique et Chargeur Forte Puissance pour application automobile". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENAM0034/document.
Texto completoFor an automotive application, a six leg-VSI connected to a three-phase open-end winding machine has the ability to offer a dual-function. In this case, an additional zero-sequence component, usually absent when a star-coupling is used, needs to be controlled. Firstly, a study, modeling and control of a multi-leg inverter are proposed. Secondly, control structures capable of handling the presence of zero-sequence components are investigated. The conventional control algorithms applied to the inverter are analyzed and an original vector control strategy, called Z-SVM, capable to cancel the high frequency zero-sequence current is developed. Finally, it is shown how the management of the zero-sequence components enhances the performance of the drive at low as well as at high-speed, corresponding on the areas of the torque-speed characteristics before and after flux weakening. The proposed solutions are validated on an experimental test bench consisting of a machine prototype especially developed for automotive application and powered by a six-leg inverter controlled by an FPGA-based device. The proposed strategies are compared in terms of performance and computational complexity
Le, Marchand Olivier. "Approche autonome pour la localisation et la surveillance de l'intégrité d'un véhicule automobile en environnement complexe". Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00672343.
Texto completoSantana, Diaz Alfredo. "Conception d'un système de détection de la baisse de vigilance du conducteur automobile par l'utilisation des ondelettes et l'apprentissage statistique". Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30013.
Texto completoCorbier, Franck. "Modélisation et émulation de la partie opérative pour la recette en plateforme d'équipements automatisés". Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10505.
Texto completoDiab, Ali. "Stability analysis and control design for time-delay systems with applications to automotive steering systems". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPAST057.
Texto completoSteering assistance helps the driver to maneuver the vehicle by reducing the steering effort. In the case of electric power steering and steer-by-wire, the assistance system is composed of electrical drives placed at the rack pinion (allowing the wheels to move) and at the steering wheel (providing the driver a feeling of the forces acting on the wheels). These architectures introduce, however, delays in the feedback loops of the system. To ensure its stability in the presence of delays, one can reduce the assist gain or increase the damping of the steering wheel, but this negatively impacts the system's performance and degrades the force feedback returned to the driver. In order to counter this limitation, we design and analyze control laws for steering systems that increase (compared to current strategies) the delay margin of the system. We use a frequency-domain approach to analyze the constraints imposed by the stability of the feedback system generating the steering wheel torque. Our algorithms rely on classical proportional-derivative control architectures, including torque maps and filters. The simplicity of the proposed methods allows an analytical computation of the delay margin. In addition, to make our results more general (for example, for nonlinear torque maps), we develop time-domain techniques to analyze the stability of linear time-delay systems using Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals. We formulate a projection-based method allowing general sets of functions to parameterize Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals. We discuss the main assumptions considered in our formulation and establish connections between the existing approaches for the stability analysis of time-delay systems based on semidefinite programming, namely the method based on the use of integral inequalities and the method based on sum-of-squares programming. Finally, the obtained results are also applied to the test case of steering systems
Mhira, Souhir. "Méthodes innovantes de gestion statique et dynamique de la fiabilité électrique des circuits CMOS M40 et 28FD sous conditions réelles d'utilisation (HTOL)". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0129.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the design and testing of the first self-adaptive nanoscale CMOS circuits dedicated to automotive, avionics and aerospace applications, under high stress environment because they are subject to the trade-off between speed (performance), consumption (Low Power) and aging (Wearout). Innovative solutions have been developed with dynamic control loops to optimize the consumption of the various elements (design level) and blocks (system), while ensuring their smooth operation. Validation of solutions has been achieved step by step in the design chain, focusing first on the development of a first demonstrator in 40nm CMOS (M40) technology for automotive applications from STMicroelectronics. Various ways of anticipating errors were compared by retaining the IS2M (adjustable time window) delay detection in critical paths as the most efficient for optimization solutions. A theoretical modeling of the control loops has resulted in a simulation tool based on time discrete Markov chains (DTMC). This modeling was successfully confronted with silicon measurements demonstrating that the solutions selected offered a reduction in the power consumed by 2 with equal performance and reliability. In the last part, the high-level hierarchical modeling was applied on several systems / products of 28nm FDSOI CMOS nodes (28FD), in order to validate the relevance of the dynamic adaptation (D-ABB) in supply and face voltages. (VDD, VB). This allowed to prove the validity of the complete methodology by arriving at the precise statistical prediction of the reliability integrating the whole performance-consumption value chain using the advanced simulations
Marie-luce, David. "Modélisation réduite et commande d'éléments du système de dépollution d'un groupe motopropulseur en vue des normes Euro 6 et Euro 7". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112034/document.
Texto completoThe purpose of this study is to develop mathematical reduced order models for components of low consumption motor vehicles : the lean NOx trap and the SCR catalysts, used in the exhaust of Diesel engines and involved in the reduction of pollutants in exhaust emissions. These systems have in common that they aim at controling the boundaries on pollutant emissions in order to achieve the forthcoming Euro standards and they allow the optimization of the aftertreatment systems to reduce greenhouse gases.The lean NOx trap catalyst aims at collecting the NOx in order to avoid the pollution of the environment and the SCR catalyst uses the selective reduction of the NOx by the ammonia (NH3), initially produced by an embedded urea system. The similarity between the two technologies allow the implementation of common methodologies for reduced order modeling of catalytic reactors based on thermochemical and kinetic studies. After application, respectively to the NOx trap and the SCR, we obtain reduced order models which were identified, validated and implemented for the control and diagnosis of the amount of stock of the pollutants (respectively NOx and NH3)
Chaïbet, Ahmed. "Contrôle latéral et longitudinal pour le suivi de véhicule". Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EVRY0007.
Texto completoThis work deals with the vehicle low speed automation problem. In order to control problems such as traffic jams, accidents and driver stress, a possible solution is to act on the infrastructure by creating additional lanes, but the cost is very high and the available place is limited. Thus, another possible solution to increase passengers safety, to reduce the driver’s stress and to improve traffic conditions is to adopt an automated driving. Among the various tasks that the vehicle has to perform are coupled lateral and longitudinal controls. The first one consists on the positioning of the vehicle on the road and acts on the steering angle, while the second consists in maintaining a safety distance with respect to the preceding vehicle by generating acceleration or braking. So, it is necessary to have reliable, robust and powerful techniques. This work is organized as follows: A first part is devoted to the non-linear modelling of the vehicle (it includes the coupling of the lateral and longitudinal dynamics) and to the positioning between the vehicle follower and leader both in the lateral and longitudinal directions. The second part is dedicated to the reconstruction of nonmeasurable variables. As a matter of fact, the control of the dynamic systems often requires the knowledge of variables that are not directly accessible. Algorithms to reconstruct these unknown variables starting from measurable ones are then needed. In order to carry out this task, we have chosen to use a sliding mode observer. The adopted choice is justified by its robustness and simplicity. The third part is devoted to the design of control laws. Two robust and non-linear approaches were proposed to treat the problem: the first and second order sliding mode techniques as well
Mhira, Souhir. "Méthodes innovantes de gestion statique et dynamique de la fiabilité électrique des circuits CMOS M40 et 28FD sous conditions réelles d'utilisation (HTOL)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0129.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the design and testing of the first self-adaptive nanoscale CMOS circuits dedicated to automotive, avionics and aerospace applications, under high stress environment because they are subject to the trade-off between speed (performance), consumption (Low Power) and aging (Wearout). Innovative solutions have been developed with dynamic control loops to optimize the consumption of the various elements (design level) and blocks (system), while ensuring their smooth operation. Validation of solutions has been achieved step by step in the design chain, focusing first on the development of a first demonstrator in 40nm CMOS (M40) technology for automotive applications from STMicroelectronics. Various ways of anticipating errors were compared by retaining the IS2M (adjustable time window) delay detection in critical paths as the most efficient for optimization solutions. A theoretical modeling of the control loops has resulted in a simulation tool based on time discrete Markov chains (DTMC). This modeling was successfully confronted with silicon measurements demonstrating that the solutions selected offered a reduction in the power consumed by 2 with equal performance and reliability. In the last part, the high-level hierarchical modeling was applied on several systems / products of 28nm FDSOI CMOS nodes (28FD), in order to validate the relevance of the dynamic adaptation (D-ABB) in supply and face voltages. (VDD, VB). This allowed to prove the validity of the complete methodology by arriving at the precise statistical prediction of the reliability integrating the whole performance-consumption value chain using the advanced simulations
Paris, Jean-Christophe. "Ingénierie cognitive pour l'aide à la conduite automobile de la personne âgée : analyse et modélisation de l'activité de conduite en situation naturelle pour la conception de fonctions de monitorage". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0425/document.
Texto completoThis thesis in Cognitics presents a Human Centered Design approach for thedevelopment of future driving assistance systems dedicated to elderly drivers orElderly Adapted Driver Assistance Systems (E-ADAS).To do so, this work relies on a multi-disciplinary approach for data collection andanalysis. Regarding Ergonomics, the aim is to better understand the specificrequirements of this population in order to identify their actual difficulties and actualneeds of assistance. In this frame, 76 drivers (aged from 70 to 87 years old) took partto an on-the-road experiment, driving an instrumented car. The dataset includes2100 km of ecological driving data and 1400 auto-evaluated driving situations,completed by 6 Focus Groups (involving 30 elderly drivers).The second part of this research, relying on Cognitive Engineering, explores thedesign and implementation of monitoring functions based on the aforementioneddataset. The objective is to have real-time models and analytical functions, able to:(1) supervise the driving activity as realized by an elderly driver, (2) taking in toconsideration the driving context or situational risks (3) in order to detect difficulties ordriving errors. Beyond this thesis, these diagnostics will have to be integrated inassistive systems to better adapt their support to the specific needs of elderly drivers.Specific monitoring functions related to basic vehicle control (speed management,lane positioning and headway regulation) are presented. Based on these results,integrated monitoring functions for intersection crossings in Left-Turn manoeuver,highway merging assistance, and, more broadly, lane change assistance areintroduced
Solano, Araque Edwin. "De l’ergonomie automobile à l’optimisation de la conduite automatisée. Application à l’écoconduite des véhicules électriques". Thesis, Orléans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ORLE3059.
Texto completoIn the framework of this dissertation, we will focus on Eco-driving and, particularly on eco-maneuvers, taking into account constraints associated to infrastructure and traffic, as well as with drivability. Additionally, we will take inspiration on Cognitive Principles for the algorithm design; it will allow to reinforce algorithm’s effectiveness and modularity. Easiness of calibration will also be an important concern for our work. Our whole discussion focuses on Battery Electric Vehicles. However, the proposed principles may be adapted for their application for other types of powertrain.Our work treats three main topics: on one side, Driving Ergonomics, allowing to determine some criteria on drivability ; we will also propose a modelling of the driver allowing to take into account ergonomics considerations. Finally, we will assess our hypothesis with respect with driver behavior on real situations, by applying an innovative methodology for the analysis of actual driving records. Next we will focus on Energy Model of the vehicle and of driving maneuvers, as well as to the assessment of energy gain potential associated to several Eco-driving strategies; the origin of these gains is also studied. Finally, we propose a Control Algorithm allowing to execute driving eco-maneuvers, while taking into account drivability criteria. The global algorithm structure is based on cognitive principles presented earlier. These function consists of several subsystems, which improves its modularity, and enforces its potential to operate within real-time constraints, and simplifies calibrations ; these both are major advantages for an industrial application
Seneschal, Jérôme. "Etude et réalisation d’un système automatique de caractérisation de jets diesel en champ proche et lointain". Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STET4022.
Texto completoCar market is growing in Europe and it is mostly the same in the world. However, to respect the pollution directive, efforts have to be done to improve motorisation. The improvement of the air-fuel mixture quality in the aim to decrease the pollutant emission and the consumption can be done by a better understanding of the spray formation. The spray evolution is characterised by its morphological parameters such as tip penetration, cone angle, volume… During this thesis, an automatic optical test bench has been developed to understand the spray formation. The test bench is made of : - a hardware part made by a back pressure chamber (to simulate the cold engine), a light source, a camera associated with a flow meter. – a software part made by acquisition and image processing software. Spray injection is a fast phenomenon, in this aim we have to use an intensified camera. A driving and image processing software allow to acquire and process all images needed for the spray study. After a study of the different methods of image segmentation, based on speed, simplicity, absence of setting parameters, we have choose to work with an algorithm based on an automatic thresholding image algorithm. Results can be classified from two points of view. – Macroscopic point of view : the setup computes automatically the spray tip penetration, cone angle, and volume of each plume, the average and standard deviation time evolution for the different parameters. We have study and compared different types of injectors for different injection pressure and back pressure. A new tip penetration law for high pressure Diesel injectors (modification of Hiroyasu law)has been exposed as well as an evolution of the richness of the air fuel mixture based on the volume of each spray measured on images. – Microscopic point of view : we had made observations that confirm those from literature such as primary break up. We have initiated new observation method based on digital holographic measurement which has performed interesting results
Ben, Aicha Fehd. "Modélisation et commande de systèmes de conversion d'énergie pour l'automobile". Phd thesis, Université de Metz, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00878714.
Texto completoBorsotto, Bastien. "Modélisation, identification et commande d’un organe de friction : application au contrôle d’un système d’embrayage et au filtrage d’acyclismes par glissement piloté". Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112062.
Texto completoIn an internal combustion engine, cylinders explosions create an engine torque chattered by harmonic components called acyclic phenomena. For low velocities, the propagation of these harmonic components across the vehicle kinematics chain (clutch, gearbox, transmission) can introduce vibro-acoustical nuisances. To reject them, a filtering method is considered using the clutch system, by controlling the disks relative behaviour in slipping phases. This idea is “sliding control”. To control the clutch system in such a way, it is important to get a fine model of its behaviour, starting from friction phenomena properties. Thus, the main friction models, as well as parameters identification methods and their related experimental conditions, have been studied. A mechanical benchmark, allowing friction material characterization, has been built. Experimental measurements have led to friction models matching the specific behaviour of the clutch disks used on vehicles. Finally, based on the designed clutch model, the control structure is synthesized following a multi-stage approach: determination of the general structure well suited to the problem, fine regulator tuning, robustness analysis of the closed loop system, and retuning of the control law if necessary. Performances offered by the sliding control solution are finally much than satisfactory in simulation as well as for real tests on vehicle
Fauvel, François. "Contribution de la logique floue à la conception, la mise au point et l'évaluation d'un superviseur intelligent de transmissions automatiques". Compiègne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001COMP1339.
Texto completoStemmelen, Thomas. "Modélisation et identification de systèmes complexes rapides, instables et pseudostables : application à la conception d'une servovalve à commande directe". Mulhouse, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MULH0450.
Texto completoDomingues, Antonio. "Système embarqué multi-capteurs pour la détection d'obstacles routiers : développement du prototype et réglage automatique de la chaîne de traitements d'images". Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE2026.
Texto completoAttouche, Slimane. "Prédiction et tolérance aux fautes dans les systèmes multi-capteurs : application à la conduite automatique de véhicules en convois". Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-237.pdf.
Texto completoPassaquay, Dominique. "Modélisation et commande de processus multivariables à base de logique floue : application à la commande de moteurs thermiques". Toulouse, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAT0022.
Texto completoVorobieva, Hélène. "Conception et méthode de validation de lois de contrôle pour des systèmes de conduite automatisée du véhicule". Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EVRY0054.
Texto completoNowadays, in big cities, the parking spots have become narrow. Totally autonomous parking, with commercial constraints, would improve comfort and security of the driver. This work is about predictable generation of parking trajectories, without successive optimizations. Two geometric solutions based on arcs of circle have been developed. The first consist on placing the vehicle near the parking spot and going forward and backward until the vehicle is parked. The second is a generalized “inverse” method: the vehicle is supposed parked, the maneuvers to reach the real initial pose of the vehicle are found and produce the trajectory to inverse to perform the parking. The disadvantage of these methods is the steering at stop. To produce continuous-curvature trajectories, we have combined the simplicity of the geometric methods with continuous-curvature curves by using clothoids. Each arc of circle of the trajectory created by a geometric method is transformed into a sequence clothoid, optional arc of circle, clothoid. This method is not time consuming, predictable and allows a simple open-loop control for the longitudinal speed and the steering angle, in function of the travelled distance. Experiments on a prototype vehicle showed that the open-loop control is sufficient when few maneuvers are needed. We have also set up a regeneration method for the trajectory to guarantee a parking without danger even when deviations appear compared to the initial trajectory, when more maneuvers are needed. Finally, a global functional architecture with a supervisor has been described for the complete parking maneuver
Favennec, Gwennaël. "Contribution à l'amélioration du cycle de conception du circuit hydraulique de commande d'une boîte de vitesse automatique par simulation et modélisation". Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10043.
Texto completoThe latest trends in the automobile world have led to the gradual replacement of traditional mechanical systems by mechatronic ones. Strong economic competition as well as market trends demands a reduction in development time. This reduction is possible today thanks to the role of computer technology and simulation in the design process. However, the integration of this particular tool cannot succeed without modelling and simulation methodology development aimed at improving the understanding of system behaviour for model authors and the different actors in the design process. A modelling strategy based on a basic elements library whose combinations allow to reconstruct most situations met in the hydraulic domain of automatic gear boxes is used. Particular attention is paid to organs taking part in the functioning of the hydraulic control distributor. Models of increasing complexity allowing to reply to different types of questions are proposed. They allow the choice of hypotheses levels sufficient for understanding and reproducing the dynamic behaviour of the regulation system of the hydraulic system
Alirand, Marc. "Etude par les bond graphs d'une suspension Citroën et conception d'une suspension à correction d'assiette active". Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10012.
Texto completoGuibert, Laurent. "Etude et réalisation d'un corrélateur à cristaux liquides ferroélectriques : application à la détection automatique de panneaux routiers". Mulhouse, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MULH0374.
Texto completoBombardier, Stéphane. "Contribution à l'intégration des attentes sensorielles dans l'ingénierie de produit : application au confort des sièges automobiles". Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10005.
Texto completoNowadays, in a highly competitive context, factories have to be as close as possible to customers wishes. Then, when customers wish to feel comfort in a product use, such a car, factories must integrate the comfort aspects of the product in the really first step of design. This comfort cornes from good seats which must integrate the customers wishes due to the contact comfort. Our studies show processes used to integrate information due to contact comfort in the design of car seats. In a first part we will clarify the context of design and we develop the process used to solve the problem. The process is based on the definition of a sensory performance of the product. In a second part, we explain the agreement between the design process used in PSA Peugeot Citroen and the representation of information useful for sensory specification integration. The third part shows the results of the studies realised to obtain sensory specification values with pressure images which were representative of human-seat interaction. The process used is based on human sensation that is why we used human definition of parameters in order to develop stimuli responsible of sensations. Imperfection of information, due to definitions or measures, can be integrate in the process with the fuzzy logic theory. A the end, the process of sensory specification is applied on four sensory measures of the contact comfort of the car seat
Vandamme, Johan. "Modélisation des perturbations engendrées par la présence d'obstacles sur la propagation des ondes hyperfréquences en milieu urbain : application à la localisation de véhicules et aux télécommunications en tunnel". Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-121.pdf.
Texto completoGrondin, Olivier. "Modélisation du moteur à allumage par compression dans la perspective du contrôle et du diagnostic". Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUES054.
Texto completoThis thesis has described an investigation into the modelling of compression ignition engine for control and diagnosis purpose. The Diesel engine is the most efficient and clean internal combustion engine due to modern electromechanical actuators. However, pollutant emission regulations are much more stricter, thus, these complex systems need sophisticated and efficient control algorithms to reach very low emission levels. For this task, engine models are required at each step of the control system development : control laws synthesis, simulation and validation. The system under study is a six cylinder direct injection Diesel engine fitted with a turbocharger. The model of this system is based on physical laws for some parts of the engine such as cylinders, manifolds, turbocharger and crank-slider system. In order to reduce computing time we choose to model heat transfer and heat release during combustion using simple empirical correlations. Resulting model has been implemented in the Matlab-Simulink environment and it can predict variables of interest for control purpose with one degree crank angle resolution. The model has been tested numerically and compared with an industrial engine simulation code with good results. Moreover, model output variables are in good agreement with experimental data recorded on a heavy-duty research engine. The engine model has been embedded on a board providing enough computing performances to perform real-time simulations, this will be helpful for “hardware-in-the-loop” simulations. Another part of this study is dedicated to the combustion process modelling using a non linear phenomenological model : the NARMAX model. The goal is to predict the in-cylinder pressure evolution using other measurements available on the engine. The NARMAX model parameters have been identified using input-output data carried out from the experimental engine. Such model is well suited for real-time applications compare to numerically cost effective physical models. First results are promising and demonstrate that non linear “black-box” models can be employed to model the combustion process with the crankshaft speed as main model input
Defraiteur, Rémi. "Évaluation de systèmes d'aide à la conduite. Génération automatique de vérité terrain augmentée à partir d’un capteur haute résolution et d’une cartographie sémantique et 3D ; Evaluation de fonctions de perception tierces". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG040.
Texto completoAutonomous driving is one of the current major technological challenges in the automotive sector. Vehicles are becoming more complex and are integrating new systems relying on key functionalities such as perception. Perception is used in various ways to ensure safer mobility, allowing the main inboard system to understand the environment in which the vehicle evolves. Perception plays a critical role in the proper behavior of an autonomous vehicle. It is necessary to ensure that the embedded perception solutions are effective enough to meet safe driving requirements. However, the evaluation of such solutions remains a complex and little explored task. One of the critical issues is the difficulty of generating and having sufficient reference data to conduct relevant evaluations. The purpose of this thesis is to develop a new validation tool to evaluate the performances and error levels of different perception solutions, while minimizing the manual annotations. With this tool, it will be possible to lead benchmark studies on different solutions based on common criteria. The development of this tool is split into two main parts: the automated production of reference data and the evaluation method of the tested perception solutions
Bouron, Pascal. "Méthodes ensemblistes pour le diagnostic, l'estimation d'état et la fusion de données temporelles". Compiègne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002COMP1395.
Texto completoSet-membership methods for diagnosis, state estimation and data fusion The works presented in this thesis constitute a contribution to the use of set-membership methods the state estimation and fault detection and isolation. These methods are used in the actual context of localisation and dynamic diagnosis of a vehicle. After describing the system used in the analysis and defining dynamical model, we expose an adaptation of the classical diagnosis method based on analytical redundancy in the context of a bounded-error modelisation of the noises. This method has been validated with real data coming froID our demonstrator. The second original aspect of this work is the utilization of set-membership methods for state estimation. It has led to the elaboration of alternative methods to improve the mn times of Sallie algorithms. Finally, the development of a syntaxical analysis module allowed us to easily process the methods based on constraint propagation. We have validated these methods with actual data for the localization, and with simulated data for the estimation of the drift. Moreover, a comparison of the accuracy of the estimation with the Extended Kalman Filtering has been realized
Selloum, Ahmed. "Localisation multi-capteurs d'un véhicule routier sous contraintes cartographiques : mise en oeuvre d'un filtre particulaire et d'une modélisation multivoies de la route par des clothoïdes". Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT2085.
Texto completoIn the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems, many Advanced Driver Assistance Systems require reliable and precise location of the vehicle in real time on a digital map. The GPS technology, combined with a standard map, is generally satisfactory for conventional navigation systems, however, it suffers from serious problems when the application requires an accuracy at a road lane level with a confidence indicator associated. The thesis is based on three proposals that bring an innovative solution to the problem : 1) the use of a precise digital map describing all the lanes of the road as a series of clothoïds (spirals), 2) the choice of a discrete-continuous state vector that comprises directly the coordinates of the vehicle on the map, 3) the use of a particle filter that can handle multiple hypotheses, estimate the probabilities associated with each of them and apply easily cartographic constraints. From a practical standpoint, this assignment of the vehicle to a road lane on the map is important because the driving rules and some driver information are tied to the infrastructure at this level of detail. The implementation of this system was conducted in two steps. First, the location of the vehicle is done by a particle filter with space constraints defined by a precise map. The results obtained from simulation and real data show in detail the interests of the proposed method compared to a conventional system. In a second step, the use of the directional constraint of the road and of a vehicle evolution multi-model allows to remedy the possible effects of a bad gyro
Cara, Hervé. "Conception d'un dispositif pour la détection automatique des premières variations du niveau de vigilance du conducteur au volant de son véhicule : capteur non-contraignant et électronique associée". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL010N.
Texto completoAt the present time, there is no strainless and reliable mean to automatically detect the first variations of vigilance- state of a vehicule driver. This study is based upon the determination of the physiological parameter (breathing rhythm regularity) to predict sleeping one or two minutes before it occurs. Tests in a leepinglaboratory have pointed out that the EEG activity, during the early sleeping phase is characterized by a breathing rhythm regularization. Besides, this study deals with aH associated electronics of the data acquisition and processing device to seize the signal of thoracic impedance criterions : sens or, useful signal and detection criterions. After that, this report presents the results of the validation tests of detection device and the tests in real condition
Périsse, Jocelyn. "Etude, conception et réalisation d'une suspension active d'un siège de véhicule routier pour l'amélioration du confort dynamique". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ECDL0042.
Texto completoThis work deals with the study, the design and the realization on an active car seat suspension. It starts from the actual theoretical knowledge of active control of vibrations. In our case, we have applied an "active solution" to improve the comfort of car passenger. The comfort criteria (statical, postural, dynamical) which are now taken into account in the design of actual car seats, have been firstly reviewed. On this basis, we have chosen to develop an optimized suspension to solve the specific problem of vibratory isolation of the passenger
Royère, Cyril. "Contribution à la résolution du conflit dans le cadre de la théorie de l'évidence : Application à la perception et à la localisation des véhicules intelligents". Compiègne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002COMP1382.
Texto completoCros, Jérôme. "Définition d'un actionneur à aimants permanents et électronique intégrée pour l'automobile". Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT026H.
Texto completoBroustail, Joël. "Retrospective technologique et management de l'innovation dans l'industrie automobile : le moteur a deux temps (emergence de l'innovation) ; les transmissions automatiques (diffusion de l'innovation) ; la politique technologique de citroen (strategie d'innovation)". Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHEC0011.
Texto completoThe general purpose ofthis work isto explore the interests of a technological retrospective. For innovation management (theory and practice). It is based on the empirical study and examined with the help of the french society of automotive engineers. Case one - the history and the surprising return of the two str0kes engine - deals with the origins of new desings. Case two - the history and the current developments of automatic transmissions - deals with the difficulties of diffusion of an innovation. Case three - the technological policy of citroenmichelin is directly linked to the entrepreneurial and strategical perspective of innovation. It is then possible to propose a generic model of innovation. Its main aspects lie in : a methodical approach of technological analysis and prospective ; the dynamic forces within a sector and between different sectors ; the structure and the formation of markets and of consumer behaviours ; the strategic integration of conjoncture and hazards. It also stresses the role of collective beliefs and the human and psychological relationship with technological designs
Morris, Alexandre. "Système de localisation relative ultrasonique pour équipe de véhicules sans-pilote : Principes et expérimentations". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28967/28967.pdf.
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