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Liang, Bridget. "Divided Communities and Absent Voices: The Search for Autistic BIPOC Parent Blogs". Studies in Social Justice 16, n.º 2 (11 de marzo de 2022): 447–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v16i2.3407.
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Both autistic adults and families of autistic children rely heavily on blogs and other digital platforms to create community and gain experiential knowledge about autism, but research on autism blogs has failed to distinguish between the perspectives of autistic adults and neurotypical parent bloggers. Furthermore, intersections in the experiences of BIPOC autistics are rarely examined. Using a content analysis with a feminist Critical Disability Studies lens, I explore six autism parent blogs from diverse demographics: a white neurotypical father, a white autistic mother in an interracial relationship, a white neurotypical mother, an Indigenous autistic trans father, a Black autistic nonbinary mother, and a Black neurotypical mother. I examine the attitudes of these bloggers to get a sampling of their opinions on autism, how they parent autistic children, and how their social location, specifically race, impacts their experiences. More intersectional research needs to be done to boost the perspectives of BIPOC autistics and the expertise of autistic parents.
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Nugrahaningsih, Zefanya Lintang y Zefanya Lintang Nugrahaningsih. "Peran Lirik Lagu Dalam Meningkatkan Komunikasi Verbal Pada Anak Austisitk di Sekolah Bina Anggita Yogyakarta". PROMUSIKA 6, n.º 2 (6 de agosto de 2019): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/promusika.v6i2.2438.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan komunikasi verbal pada anak autistik dengan menggunakan lirik pada lagu anak-anak, karena diharapkan dapat meningkatnya kemampuan bekomunikasi secara verbal bagi anak autistik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus dan didukung dengan studi pustaka guna memberikan informasi-informasi secara lengkap tentang penelitian ini. Ada 4 tahapan yaitu: Tahapan pra-lapangan, Tahap Pekerjaan lapangan, dan Tahapan Hasil Pengumpulan Data. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa autistik di sekolah Bina Anggita Yogyakarta berjumlah 5 siswa. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan pedoman observasi dan sebelumnya peneliti melakukan studi pustaka terlebih dahulu. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peran lirik dalam lagu Balonku dan Pelangi-Pelangi dapat meningkatkan bahasa verbal anak autistik. Anak autistik terstimulus untuk menyanyi bersama saat dilibatkan untuk benyanyi bersama-sama. This study aims to improve verbal communication in autistic children by using lyrics on children's songs. Due to the expected increase in verbal skills for autistic children. This research is a qualitative research with case study approach and supported by literature study to provide complete information about this research. There are 4 stages: Preliminary Stage, Field Work Stage, and Data Collection Stages. Research subjects were autistic students in Bina Anggita Yogyakarta school amounted to 5 students. Data collection used in this research is using observation guideline and previous researcher do literature study first. Data analysis in this study using descriptive qualitative. The results of this study indicate that the role of lyrics in the song Balonku and Pelangi-Pelangi can improve the verbal language of autistic children. Autistic children are stimulated to sing together when involved to sing together.Keyword: Lyrics, Verbal, Autistic
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Morales-Chávez, MC, M. Villarroel-Dorrego y V. Salas. "Salivary Factors Related to Caries in Children with Autism". Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 43, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2019): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4625-43.1.5.
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Many predisposing factors to caries are present in autism, however, it is unlikely that autistic patients exhibit higher caries indexes than the rest of the population. Objective: To evaluate salivary factors related to caries in autistic patients. Study design: 34 autistics and 34 controls aged between 4–13 years old were included. Decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index and oral hygiene simplified index (IHO-S) were assessed, as well as, pH, total proteins, phosphate, calcium and IgA in saliva. All data were analyzed by chi2 and Student t tests for independent samples. P values<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Autistic patients showed less caries than controls (p≤0.001), DMFT was 1±1 and 3±2 respectively (p≤0.001). In relation to IHO-S, values increased (p=0.008) in autistic patients (2.25±0.78) compared to controls (1.79±0.59), however Salivary ph means were similar (7.20±0.48 and 7.27±0.34 respectively). Decreased calcium levels (p=0.013) were observed in autistics (0.621±0.35 mmol/L) compared to controls (0.89±0.51 mmol/L), but phosphate levels were similar (6.17±4.22 M, 5.51±4.86 M respectively). When total proteins of saliva were assessed, autistics showed a slight increment (2.65±1.81 mg/mL) compared to controls (2.24±1.27 mg/mL) and zymography showed a higher proteolytic activity in autistic children. Finally, IgA concentration reached 116.55±90.97 μg/mL in autistics and 161.61 ± 193.37μg/mL (p=0.527) in the control group. Conclusions: Even though patients with autism exhibited a poorer oral hygiene, caries indexes were lower, calcium levels in saliva were found to be lesser and phosphate levels higher.
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Nugrahaningsih, Zefanya Lintang. "PERAN LIRIK LAGU DALAM MENINGKATAN KOMUNIKASI VERBAL PADA ANAK AUTISTIK DI SEKOLAH BINA ANGGITA YOGYAKARTA". DESKOVI : Art and Design Journal 2, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.51804/deskovi.v2i1.411.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan komunikasi verbal pada anak autistik dengan menggunakan lirik pada lagu anak-anak, karena diharapkan dapat mempebanyak kosakata pada anak autistik sehingga kemampuan bekomunikasi secara verbal bagi anak autistik meningkat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus dan didukung dengan studi pustaka guna memberikan informasi-informasi secara lengkap tentang penelitian ini. Ada 4 tahapan yaitu: Tahapan pra-lapangan, Tahap Pekerjaan lapangan, dan Tahapan Hasil Pengumpulan Data. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa autistik di sekolah Bina Anggita Yogyakarta berjumlah 5 siswa. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan pedoman observasi dan sebelumnya peneliti melakukan studi pustaka terlebih dahulu. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peran lirik dalam lagu Balonku dan Pelangi-Pelangi dapat meningkatkan bahasa verbal anak autistik. Anak autistik terstimulus untuk menyanyi bersama saat dilibatkan untuk benyanyi bersama-sama.This study aims to improve verbal communication in autistic children by using lyrics on children's songs. Due to the expected increase in verbal skills for autistic children. This research is a qualitative research with case study approach and supported by literature study to provide complete information about this research. There are 4 stages: Preliminary Stage, Field Work Stage, and Data Collection Stages. Research subjects were autistic students in Bina Anggita Yogyakarta school amounted to 5 students. Data collection used in this research is using observation guideline and previous researcher do literature study first. Data analysis in this study using descriptive qualitative. The results of this study indicate that the role of lyrics in the song Balonku and Pelangi-Pelangi can improve the verbal language of autistic children. Autistic children are stimulated to sing together when involved to sing together.
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Kusmiati, Yopi y Achmad Syarifudin. "Extra Attention Toward Autistic Children: Islamic Psychology Perspective". Psikis : Jurnal Psikologi Islami 7, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2021): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/psikis.v7i1.7994.
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Having an autistic child is a challenge for some parents because an autistic child should be treated specifically, based on condition and ability. The autistic child needs more extra attention than a non-autistic child because the attention from family can accelerate the development and ability of an autistic child, but not all parents can do the treatment because of various reasons. This study aimed to reveal the family's treatment which had an autistic child, especially parent or autistic's sister and brother. The study was done by using qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The findings showed that there were three treatments of the family to treat an autistic child in daily life, they were extra attention, attention, and inattention. Extra attention was the informant included in the category who gave extra attention to a child. They were strongly caring about their child’s ability, food, and education. The attention category was an informant who did not fully give attention to their child, and not all time. The inattention category was an informant who rarely cares for their child, it related to the development of the child, education, and life.
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Eslami, Neda, Taraneh Movahed y Masoumeh Asadi. "Parents' Perceptions of the Oral Health-related Quality of Life of their Autistic Children in Iran". Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 42, n.º 6 (1 de enero de 2018): 422–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4625-42.6.3.
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Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate parents' perception of the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of autistic children in Iran, and to determine the quality of life of their families in relation to child' oral health status. Study design: 70 families with at least one child with autism, and 70 families with normal children were enrolled. Parents' perceptions of the OHRQoL of children were assessed using pre-validated PedsQL oral health scale questionnaire. PedsQL Family Impact Module questionnaire was also used to evaluate the impact of having an autistic child on the quality of life of their families. Both of the questionnaires were filled by parents. Parents of children with autism spectrum filled a separate questionnaire for the sibling of the autistic child. In the control families, child-reported PedsQL oral health scale questionnaire was also filled by the child himself/herself. Mann-Whitney U-test, and chi-square were used for statistical analysis. Results: There was a significant difference in the mean total score of PedsQL oral health scale questionnaire between autistics and controls. Parents of normal children reported more oral problems (p<0.001). There was not a significant difference in the mean total score of PedsQL Family Impact Module questionnaire between the families of autistics and controls in the last 7 and 30 days. Conclusion: According to parents' point of view, oral health-related quality of life of autistic children was better than normal children. However, parents of autistic children had more problems in the social and communication issues.
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Usma Naeem, Irfan Abbas y Iqra Majeed. "Impact of Computer-Aided Educational Applications on Communication and Learning Abilities of the Autists". sjesr 5, n.º 3 (30 de septiembre de 2022): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol5-iss3-2022(57-67).
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Computer-aided instructions have significant potential in increasing the educational experiences and facilitating the development of children with special needs (autistic children). Early intervention for autistic children helps their learning, language, and communication skills. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of parents of autists and speech therapists regarding the use of computer-aided educational applications to improve the communication and learning of Autistic Students. A critical paradigm was used for this study, under this paradigm, mixed methods research was used. Under mixed methods research, an explanatory sequential design was used. All the parents of autists and speech therapists of Lahore were considered the population for this study. A purposive sampling technique was used to determine the desired sample size from the population. Seventy-three parents of autists and twenty-eight speech therapists participated in the study. For the quantitative phase, the purposive sampling technique was used. For the qualitative phase, only those parents of autists using mobile/computer applications for student communication and language development were selected. Four instruments were used in this study. The reliability for the parents of autists’ questionnaire was α=.77 and for the speech therapists' questionnaire was α=.96. Data was analyzed using SPSS. It is concluded that parents of autists and speech therapists have average to high perceptions (based on their means) regarding the usage of educational applications. However, positive perceptions were shared by the speech therapists and parents of autists about the educational applications using these applications for specific purposes. It is also noted that an individualized set of activities are essential for autistic children.
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Martland, Rebecca. "Support autistic children". Child Care 15, n.º 10 (2 de octubre de 2018): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/chca.2018.15.10.2.
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Grandin, Temple. "Motivating Autistic Children". Academic Therapy 22, n.º 3 (enero de 1987): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105345128702200310.
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Khoirunnisa, Riza Noviana y Mochammad Nursalim. "Studi Kasus Dinamika Emosi Pada Anak Autis". Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan 2, n.º 2 (19 de febrero de 2012): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jptt.v2n2.p108-120.
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This study aimed at exploring the emotional dynamics of children with autistic. A qualitative approach with case study method was employed. Two autistic children with average autism severity in Cita Hati Bunda School and Therapy Center for autistic children Sidoarjo were recruited as participants. Data were collected from interviews, observation, and relevant documents. The Plutchik’s concept of emotion components, namely stimulus event, inferred cognition, physiological arousal, feeling state, impulse to action, and overt behaviour and effect was used to invoke some psychological insight in the analysis. The study found that the dynamic of emotions that occurs in autistic children was influenced mainly by situational factors. The result suggested that autistic children need more times to perceive the contexts of stimuli. However, this study was not able to explain how these children make meanings of those stimuli.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dinamika emosional pada anak-anak autis. Pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus diguna-kan. Dua anak autis dengan tingkat keparahan autisme rata-rata di Cita Hati Bunda Sekolah dan Terapi Pusat autis anak Sidoarjo direkrut sebagai partisipan. Data dikumpulkan dari wawancara, observasi, dan dokumen yang relevan. Konsep Plutchik tentang komponen emosi, yaitu stimulus event, inferred cogni-tion, physiological arousal, feeling state, impulse to action, overt behaviour dan effect digunakan untuk memberikan wawasan psikologis dalam menganalisis data. Studi ini menemukan bahwa meskipun ketika emosi itu bangkit anak-anak autistik ini tidak mampu mengontrolnya, namun dinamika emosi yang terjadi pada anak autistik sesungguhnya dipengaruhi terutama oleh faktor situasional. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa anak-anak autis perlu waktu yang lebih banyak untuk memahami konteks rangsangan. Namun, penelitian ini tidak dapat menjelaskan bagaimana anak-anak ini memaknai berbagai rangsangan yang mereka terima.
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Dawson, Michelle, Isabelle Soulières, Morton Ann Gernsbacher y Laurent Mottron. "The Level and Nature of Autistic Intelligence". Psychological Science 18, n.º 8 (agosto de 2007): 657–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01954.x.
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Autistics are presumed to be characterized by cognitive impairment, and their cognitive strengths (e.g., in Block Design performance) are frequently interpreted as low-level by-products of high-level deficits, not as direct manifestations of intelligence. Recent attempts to identify the neuroanatomical and neurofunctional signature of autism have been positioned on this universal, but untested, assumption. We therefore assessed a broad sample of 38 autistic children on the preeminent test of fluid intelligence, Raven's Progressive Matrices. Their scores were, on average, 30 percentile points, and in some cases more than 70 percentile points, higher than their scores on the Wechsler scales of intelligence. Typically developing control children showed no such discrepancy, and a similar contrast was observed when a sample of autistic adults was compared with a sample of nonautistic adults. We conclude that intelligence has been underestimated in autistics.
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Russo, A. J. "Decreased serum Ou/Zn sOD in children with Autism". Nutrition and Metabolic Insights 2 (enero de 2009): NMI.S3733. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/nmi.s3733.
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Aim To assess serum Cu/Zn SOD (Superoxide Dismutase) concentration in autistic children and evaluate its possible relationship to GI Symptoms. Subjects and Methods Serum from 50 autistic children (31 with chronic digestive disease (most with ileo-colonic lymphoid nodular hyperplasia (LNH) and inflammation of the colorectal, small bowel and/or stomach) and 19 autistic children without GI disease), and 29 non autistic controls (20 age matched non autistic children with no GI disease and 9 age matched non autistic children with GI disease) were tested for Cu/Zn SOD using ELISAs. Results Serum Cu/Zn SOD levels of autistic children were significantly lower than all non autistic controls (p < 0.0001). Serum Cu/Zn SOD of autistic children with severe GI disease was significantly lower than autistic children with no GI disease (p < 0.0001), non autistic children without GI disease (<0.0001) and non autistic children with GI disease (p = 0.0003). Discussion These results suggest an association between Cu/Zn SOD serum levels and autism, particularly autistic children with GI disease, and that the concentration of serum Cu/Zn SOD may be a useful biomarker for autistic children with severe GI disease.
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Hamid, Zoshita, Sarmin Sultana, Saika Nizam, Rabeya Yasmin, M. H. Faruquee y S. K. Akhtar Ahmad. "Socioeconomic characteristics of autistic children: a comparative study". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, n.º 8 (24 de julio de 2020): 2914. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203363.
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Background: Prevalence of autism is increasing and growing as an important public health problem. Prevention of autism is still a complicated issue. Thus, the management and rehabilitation of autistic children socially could be the main option. For which the role of socio-economic factors of the autistic children needs to be considered.Methods: This was a cross-sectional comparative study conducted among the autistic and non-autistic children to compare their socioeconomic characteristics. A total of 90 autistic children from two specialized schools and age-matched 180 non-autistic children from nearby schools were included in this study.Results: Overall the mean age of the children was 8.01±2.974 years. More than fourth-fifths (84.4%) of the autistic children were male. In comparison to non-autistic children, significantly (p<0.05) autistic children had small family size (4.79) and higher family income (Taka=34588). Higher education of both father and mother was also found to be significantly associated with autistic children. However, logistic regression analysis revealed that post-graduate education of the father had the strongest (6.4 times) ability to predict the occurrence of autism. The mean age of the mother at birth of autistic children was significantly higher (31.16 years) and logistic regression analysis revealed that higher age of the mother at birth had 1.3 times ability to predict the occurrence of autism. Moreover, the analysis revealed that mothers who were housewife 2.3 times more likely to predict the occurrence of autism.Conclusions: The study revealed that some socio-economic factors were significantly related to autistic children compared to those of non-autistic children.
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Ignesius, Nikita Christy. "The Genius Painter and Other Stories : A Children Picture Book About Stigma of Autistic Children". k@ta kita 10, n.º 3 (20 de diciembre de 2022): 416–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/katakita.10.3.416-426.
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This thesis discusses stigma that harm autistic children that can harm the mental health of autistic children. Using children picture book as the medium and realistic fiction as the genre, this creative work shows how autistic children’s mental health is harmed by stigma and how autistic children cope with the stigma. The stories incorporated stigma theory which explains how the stigma affects the main characters’ self-confidence self-concept. Coping mechanisms of camouflaging, disclosing, and reframing are used for the main characters to cope against the stigma toward them. Other than coping mechanism, autistic children can get support from other people who are also against the stigma of autistic people.
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Russo, A. J., A. Krigsman, B. Jepson y Andrew Wakefield. "Decreased Serum Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) in Autistic Children with severe Gastrointestinal Disease". Biomarker Insights 4 (enero de 2009): BMI.S3656. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/bmi.s3656.
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Aim To assess serum Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) levels in autistic children with severe gastrointestinal (GI) disease and to test the hypothesis that there is a relationship between GI pathology and HGF concentration. Subjects and Methods Serum from 29 autistic children with chronic digestive disease (symptoms for a minimum of 6–12 months), most with ileo-colonic lymphoid nodular hyperplasia (LNH—markedly enlarged lymphoid nodules) and inflammation of the colorectum, small bowel and/or stomach), and 31 controls (11 age matched autistic children with no GI disease, 11 age matched non autistic children without GI disease and 9 age matched non autistic children with GI disease) were tested for HGF using ELISAs. HGF concentration of autistic children with GI disease was compared to GI disease severity. Results Autistic children with GI disease had significantly lower serum levels of HGF compared to controls (autistic without GI disease; p = 0.0005, non autistic with no GI disease; p = 0.0001, and non autistic with GI disease; p = 0.001). Collectively, all autistic children had significantly lower HGF levels when compared to non autistic children (p < 0.0001). We did not find any relationship between severity of GI disease and HGF concentration in autistic children with GI disease. Discussion These results suggest an association between HGF serum levels and the presence of GI disease in autistic children and explain a potential functional connection between the Met gene and autism. The concentration of serum HGF may be a useful biomarker for autistic children, especially those with severe GI disease.
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Chen, Yizhao. "The Impact of Autism on Children’s Memory". Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 8 (7 de febrero de 2023): 2314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v8i.4710.
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Much evidence showed that most autistic individuals had defects in executive function. These defects are more obvious in children. Among them, the influence of memory is widely concerned. The spatial working memory, episodic memory, and autobiographical memory of autistic children have been significantly affected. Although some memory performance of autistic individuals is not good, they still retain part of the complete memory system. The differences between autistic children and healthy children may change over time. There are also significant differences in memory performance between autistic children and adult autistic individuals. Due to the plasticity of the brain, the poor memory performance of autistic individuals can be improved through some training. This study aims to compare the memory system of autistic children, adult autistic individuals, and healthy children. Based on previous studies further show what impact autism will have on children’s memory. The causes of these impairments and what training can improve the executive function of autistic children.
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Chekaleva, N., Z. Kulsharipova, L. Syrymbetova, B. Matayev y D. Omarova. "Сomprehensive support of children with autistic spectrum disorders". Bulletin of the Karaganda University. Pedagogy series 101, n.º 1 (29 de marzo de 2021): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021ped1/33-40.
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Today, autism is a significant social problem that is becoming more widespread, affecting children who have the same type of developmental problems, but with different options for overcoming them. This is what causes the idea of autism as a set of autism spectrum disorders. Children with ASD are a polymorphic group, which manifests itself in psychological and pedagogical features, which complicates social adaptation. In psychological and pedagogical terms, children with ASD are allocated to a special group, since interaction is built differently due to qualitative communication disorders. In many cases, children with ASD who come to school have unformed learning behaviors. For the successful development of the program material in children with ASD, it is necessary to form a stereotype of educational behavior, on which all school education is based. Deficits in the formation of these skills can lead to a longer period of adaptation of the child in school and to difficulties in mastering the program. In this article, we consider the necessary skills, the formation of which is aimed at psychological and pedagogical assistance to a child with ASD in preparation for school.
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Brady, Mary T. "Autistic states in children". International Journal of Psychoanalysis 103, n.º 3 (4 de mayo de 2022): 535–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207578.2021.2010562.
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Taft, Lawrence T. "PARENTS OF AUTISTIC CHILDREN". Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 11, n.º 1 (12 de noviembre de 2008): 104–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1969.tb01402.x.
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Gombosi, Peter G. "Parents of Autistic Children". Psychoanalytic Study of the Child 53, n.º 1 (enero de 1998): 254–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00797308.1998.11822486.
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Shahrokhi, H., M. Mahmood Aliloo, L. Mehdizadeh Fanid, S. Amiri Azizabaad y N. Yadegari. "Intelligence in autistic children". Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence 60, n.º 5 (julio de 2012): S206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurenf.2012.04.426.
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Jure, R., I. Rapin y R. F. Tuchman. "HEARING-IMPAIRED AUTISTIC CHILDREN". Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 33, n.º 12 (12 de noviembre de 2008): 1062–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1991.tb14828.x.
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Foerster, Alice. "Treatment of autistic children". Behaviour Research and Therapy 27, n.º 3 (1989): 314–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(89)90066-1.
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Khotibuddin, Muhammad y Riska Shellia. "The Role of Family Function and Support to Nutritional Status in Autistic Children". Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan 22, n.º 1 (31 de enero de 2022): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/mmjkk.v22i1.11598.
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The role of the family is substantial in determining the nutritional status of children. However, not many studies have revealed this role in autistic children in Indonesia. This study aims to assess the role of family function and family support for the nutritional status of autistic children in Yogyakarta. This study used a cross-sectional design to observe at least 14 children divided into three groups: autistic-overweight, autistic-normal, and non-autistic-normal. The APGAR score measured the family function, while family support was measured by a questionnaire consisting of 5 aspects: information, respect, instrumental, emotional, and social. The difference test between the three groups used the Anova test. Total family support in the autistic-overweight group (73,17±4,45) was lower than autistic-normal (80.6±3.36) and non-autistic (78.33±3.21). This difference was significant between autistic-overweight and autistic-normal (p 0.022), but not with the non-autistic group. Furthermore, there was no difference in family function (APGAR score) between the three study groups. There was less family support among autistic-overweight children.
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Bryden, Jennifer. "Autistic and peudo-autistic traits in ongoing complex trauma". BJPsych Open 7, S1 (junio de 2021): S241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.644.
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AimsTo compare the neurodevelopmental profiles of Albanian street children to those predicted by the Coventry grid.BackgroundA street children's centre had requested help to meet children's emotional needs. No program exists for children experiencing ongoing complex trauma. With input from widely-experienced consultant psychiatrist and consultant psychologist, a very low-intensity program of coping skills was piloted. Extensive anonymised notes were taken as part of the piloting.The Coventry grid is a clinical tool comparing patterns of difficulties typically seen in autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) versus attachment difficulties. It's based on clinical experience and invites ongoing feedback.Method12 Children aged 5–12 years completed the two-week program. The notes were examined for their relevance to areas of the Coventry Grid.ResultThe children showed both traits typical of ASD and of attachment problems. Identifying emotions was impossible for the youngest group (5–7 years); while the older groups could say whether someone was likely to feel “good” or “bad” but struggled to differentiate further.Fantasy and symbolic play were hard for the younger children. If asked to imagine a situation, they replied “but that's not happening”. One child constantly hugged a stuffed doll, but couldn't use it for play. Both younger groups found it hard to imagine a safe-place, though they could say what they wanted in it (chocolate and a working lightbulb). The oldest group all chose a real place related to the centre.Generalising was difficult for all the children. The older children could say whether a story character was a good friend, but not apply this to real life. The youngest children were told a story about a dangerous stranger. Afterwards, the children said they would still go away with strangers as only the man in the story had said he wanted to harm children.The younger children were diffusely attached, but the boys’ eye contact, gesturing, and language were normal in all age groups. All children formed friendships easily, played in a group and were intensely loyal to siblings. They didn't show restricted interests, distress at changes to routine or sensory difficulties. They showed good awareness of the widely divergent social rules at the centre and at home.ConclusionThe children showed a mix of traits usually associated with attachment difficulties and those usually associated with ASD. They may be different from UK clinic samples as they continued to experience severe trauma.
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Tuchman, Roberto F., Isabelle Rapin y Shlomo Shinnar. "Autistic and Dysphasic Children. II: Epilepsy". Pediatrics 88, n.º 6 (1 de diciembre de 1991): 1219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.88.6.1219.
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In a previously described population of 314 autistic and 237 dysphasic nonautistic children, after exclusion of 12 autistic girls with Rett syndrome, 14% (42 of 302) of autistic children and 8% (19 of 237) of dysphasic children had epilepsy (P = .03). The major risk factors for epilepsy were severe mental deficiency and the combination of severe mental deficiency with a motor deficit. In autistic children without severe mental deficiency, motor deficit, associated perinatal or medical disorder, or a positive family history of epilepsy, epilepsy occurred in 6% (10 of 160) which was analogous to the 8% (14 of 168) found in similar dysphasic nonautistic children. The language subtype of verbal auditory agnosia is associated with the highest risk of epilepsy in autistic (41%, 7 of 17) and dysphasic (58%, 7 of 12) children. The higher percentage of epilepsy in autistic girls, 24% (18 of 74) compared with boys 11% (25 of 228) (P = .003), is attributed to the increased prevalence of cognitive and motor deficit in girls. Once the risk attributable to associated cognitive and motor disabilities is taken into account, there is no difference in the risk of epilepsy between autistic and nonautistic dysphasic children.
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Chen, Jing, Esben Strodl, Li-Hua Huang, Jing-Yi Chen, Xin-Chen Liu, Jian-Hui Yang y Wei-Qing Chen. "Associations between Prenatal Education, Breastfeeding and Autistic-Like Behaviors in Pre-Schoolers". Children 8, n.º 2 (9 de febrero de 2021): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8020124.
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This study aimed to investigate the association between prenatal education and autistic-like behaviors of preschoolers as well as the mediating role of breastfeeding in their associations. A cross-sectional study via a structured questionnaire was conducted with 67,578 preschool children and parents from Longhua District of Shenzhen, China. Hierarchical logistic regression models were performed to explore the associations between maternal participation in prenatal education and autistic-like behaviors in preschoolers, as well as the mediating effect of breastfeeding in the associations. After controlling for potential confounders, logistic regression analysis indicated that maternal participation in prenatal education could significantly increase the prevalence of breastfeeding, and the strength of the association was enhanced with the increase frequency of prenatal education visits (ORs ranging from 1.191 to 1.899). While both maternal participation in prenatal education (ORs ranging from 0.732 to 0.798) and breastfeeding (OR = 0.773) were significantly associated with the lower presence of autistic-like behaviors in preschoolers. The crossover analysis indicated that children with both maternal prenatal education and breastfeeding had the lower risk of presence of autistics-like behaviors (OR = 0.569). Furthermore, mediation analysis illustrated that breastfeeding mediated the association between maternal participation in prenatal education and the presence of autistic-like behaviors in preschoolers, with a mediating effect of approximately 14.3%. Our findings suggest that maternal participation in prenatal education is significantly associated with a decreased risk of autistic-like behaviors in preschool children through increased breastfeeding in the mothers who attended prenatal education.
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Tuchman, Roberto F., Isabelle Rapin y Shlomo Shinnar. "Autistic and Dysphasic Children. I: Clinical Characteristics". Pediatrics 88, n.º 6 (1 de diciembre de 1991): 1211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.88.6.1211.
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Autism and dysphasia are behaviorally defined disorders of higher cerebral function which in preschool children share the common core symptom of impairment of language. In this study we describe the clinical characteristics of 314 autistic and 237 dysphasic nonautistic children evaluated by one child neurologist. There was no significant difference between autistic and dysphasic children in gestational age, birth weight, or prevalence of associated medical disorders, all of which were infrequent, although a positive history of resuscitation or ventilatory support was more common in dysphasic than autistic children (P = .03). As a group autistic children are more likely than dysphasic children to have language subtypes affecting central processing and formulation, a family history of psychiatric disorders and autism, and a history of regression of language and behavior. After excluding 12 girls with autistic symptoms who met the clinical criteria for Rett syndrome, we found that there was no significant difference in the number of autistic and dysphasic children with an abnormal sensorimotor examination. Girls with autism were more likely than boys to have severe mental deficiency (38% of autistic girls vs 23% of boys) (P = .012) and a motor deficit (27% vs 11%) (P = .0009).
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Handajani, Rinawati Pudji y Rizky H. Pramesti. "Mapping the Motion Space of Children in Autism Treatment Center of Malang City with TEACCH Approach (Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children)". Review of Urbanism and Architectural Studies 18, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2020): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.ruas.2020.018.01.6.
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The Autism Treatment Center in Malang City applies structured teaching-learning methods, namely the TEACCH approach (Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children) with four essential components: physical structure, schedule, work system, and visual structure. The four components are interrelated with each other so that the goal of helping the development of autistic children can be achieved. The physical structure is the first step to encourage the interest of autistic children. An excellent physical arrangement of space can minimize the tantrum effect of autistic children. Thus, this paper aims to research the space for autistic children with the TEACCH approach. This study used behavioral mapping in the form of person-centered mapping, place centered mapping, and physical trace that aims to determine the pattern of activity, furniture layout, and trace activities of autistic children during therapy activities. The results show the motion space mapping of autistic children.
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Odabaş Özgür, Bahar, Mürşit Aksoy, Mensure Aydın, Serkan Koçkaya y Bergün Meriç Bingül. "Determination of mothers’ depression levels by the type of special educational services they get for their autistic children". Journal of Human Sciences 13, n.º 3 (30 de diciembre de 2016): 6092. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v13i3.4269.
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The purpose of this study is to determine the depression levels of mothers by the type of special educational services they got for their autistic children. Mothers of 20 male autistics and 5 female autistics participated in the study as volunteers. %24 of families got educational services from life coaches, %48 from O.Ç.E.M (Autistic Children Education Centers) and %28 from rehabilitation centers. Beck depression scale applied to volunteers to determine the depression levels (SCORES, Life Coach =16±7,05, O.Ç.E.M =13,83±7,05, Rehabilitation Center =25,57±9,28). Data were presented as mean, SD, frequency for description purpose. Variables were analyzed and were calculated by using Kruskal Wallis Test and Mann Whitney U tests. There is a significance difference at level of P<0.05 (p=0,035) between parents which get different types of special educational services. As a result; significant difference has found in the depression levels of parents which get special educational services from rehabilitation centers found more depressive then O.Ç.E.M and life coach services.
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Poole, Daniel, Emma Gowen, Ellen Poliakoff y Luke A. Jones. "‘No idea of time’: Parents report differences in autistic children’s behaviour relating to time in a mixed-methods study". Autism 25, n.º 6 (30 de abril de 2021): 1797–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211010014.
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An emerging body of research suggests that temporal processing may be disrupted in autistic children, although little is known about behaviours relating to time in daily life. In the present study, 113 parents of autistic and 201 parents of neurotypical children (aged 7–12 years) completed the It’s About Time questionnaire and open-ended questions about their child’s behaviour relating to time. The questionnaire scores were lower in the autistic compared with the neurotypical group, suggesting that behaviours are affected. Three key themes were identified using thematic analysis: autistic children had problems with temporal knowledge, learning about concepts relating to time, such as how to use the clock and language around time. There were differences in prospection with autistic children having more difficulties with how they thought about the future and prepared themselves for upcoming events. The final theme, monotropism, described how autistic children viewed their time as precious so they could maximise engagement in their interests. The present study indicates that behaviours relating to time can have a considerable impact on the daily lives of autistic children and their families. Further work exploring the development of temporal cognition in autism would be valuable for targeting effective educational and clinical support. Lay abstract Many everyday activities require us to organise our behaviours with respect to time. There is some evidence that autistic children have problems with how they perceive and understand time. However, little is currently known about this, or the ways in which behaviours related to time are impacted in daily life. In this study, 113 parents of autistic children and 201 parents of neurotypical children completed a questionnaire and open-ended questions about their child’s behaviour relating to time. Questionnaire scores were lower in the autistic group compared with neurotypicals, which suggests that behaviours relating to time are affected in autistic children. The open-ended responses further confirmed that the autistic children struggled with time and that this impacted on them and their family. Three key themes were identified. Theme 1: autistic children have problems with learning about concepts relating to time such as telling the time from a clock and using words to describe time (hours, minutes, etc.) appropriately. Theme 2: autistic children think about the future differently. Planning and working under time pressure were described as a problem. Theme 3: autistic children have strong interests which take up a lot of their attention and worrying about having sufficient time to pursue these interests causes anxiety. This research indicates that behaviours related to time can have a considerable impact on the lives of autistic children and that targeted support may be required.
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Elkhatib Smidt, Stacey D., Nalaka Gooneratne, Edward S. Brodkin, Maja Bucan y Jonathan A. Mitchell. "Sufficient sleep duration in autistic children and the role of physical activity". Autism 26, n.º 4 (6 de enero de 2022): 814–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211053671.
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Emerging evidence suggests that physical activity may be associated with improved sleep in autistic children. We aimed to determine whether physical activity associated with sufficient sleep duration in children and whether this association was modified by reported autism spectrum disorder (ASD) status. We analyzed existing data of children 6–17 years old whose caregivers completed the 2018 National Survey of Children’s Health (nonautistic N = 20,845; ASD N = 681). Logistic regression determined whether physical activity (days active in the past week) associated with sufficient sleep duration. Physical activity-by-ASD interactions were included to determine whether the association differed for autistic children. Physical activity-by-ASD-by-sex and physical activity-by-ASD-by-age-group interactions were also modeled. Physical activity was associated with increased odds of sufficient sleep duration (e.g. 0 days vs 4–6 days: odds ratio (OR) = 1.85; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.48–2.32). We did not observe an overall statistically significant interaction between physical activity and reported ASD status; however, the positive association between physical activity and sufficient sleep duration was weaker in autistic children, especially those with more severe ASD, female autistic children, and autistic children ages 6–12 years old. In conclusion, physical activity is a promising approach to improve sufficient sleep duration but with nuanced findings in autistic children. Lay abstract Higher levels of physical activity may be associated with improved sleep in children, but this relationship is still being determined, especially in autistic children. In this study, we used existing data from the 2018 National Survey of Children’s Health. Caregivers of children 6–17 years old, including caregivers of autistic children, completed a questionnaire that included questions about physical activity (days active in the past week) and sleep duration. We then determined if children were obtaining the recommended hours of sleep for their age (i.e. sufficient sleep). We found that higher physical activity levels were associated with sufficient sleep duration, but this finding was weaker in autistic children. In particular, this association was not observed in autistic children with more severe autism spectrum disorder, female autistic children, and autistic children 6–12 years old. In conclusion, physical activity is a promising approach to help children obtain sufficient sleep duration. However, more personalized approaches to improving sleep may be needed for certain groups of autistic children.
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Safira, Irga, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, Ely Hayati Nasution y Yulianus Harefa. "Non-Verbal Communication by Autistic Children". ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 3, n.º 4 (30 de diciembre de 2020): 492–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.34050/elsjish.v3i4.8065.
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This paper entitled ‘Non-Verbal Communication by Autistic Children’ was conducted with the aim to find out the components of kinesics as a part of nonverbal communication expressed by autistic children when interacting with their teachers at SLB ABC Taman Pendidikan Islam. Beside that this study also intended to know the meanings of those kinesics components expressed by autistic children when interacting with their teachers. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach by applying kinesics theory by Ray Birdwhistell. The data collection techniques were conducted by using non-participant observation techniques and documentation. The documents used to support this study were in the form of photographs and video recorder that showed the communication done by the autistic children with their teachers during the learning process in the class. The results showed that although autistic children cannot interact clearly through verbal communication, they can express their desires through non verbal communication. They can communicate by expressing it through facial expressions, eye contact, body movement, posture and touch. The meaning of the non-verbal communication expressed by each autistic child has a different meaning. This study also intended to give worthy contribution to all people who want to understand the non-verbal communication of autistic children.
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Zhang, Yajing, Kun Zhang, Jingying Chen, Lili Liu, Meijuan Luo, Qian Chen, Xiao Zeng y Guangshuai Wang. "Eye Tracking Study of Social Intensity on Social Orientation of Autistic Children". Behavioral Sciences 12, n.º 9 (5 de septiembre de 2022): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12090322.
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Some previous studies indicate that impaired social attention mainly results in social disorders in autistic children. In the social attention mode of autistic children, social orientation and joint attention are particularly important. The influence of different social intensity and ecological validity on them are worthy of further study. This study used realistic paintings with moderate ecological validity as experimental materials, to design isolated individual scene and social interaction scene, and to explore the impact of social interaction on the social orientation of autistic children. It found that in the scenes without social interaction, the attention patterns of autistic children and typical developing children were the same, while the attention patterns of autistic children were abnormal in the scenes with social interaction. From the eye tracking data, it was shown that the gaze processing process of autistic children was not as smooth as that of typical developing children. Compared with cartoons and other social scenes with low ecological validity, realistic painting could better restore the proportion of real scenes. Moreover, it could reduce the complexity of information which could not be done in real scenes. The findings of this study provide support for training and education of autistic children. Intervention with realistic paintings is conducive to the migration of autistic children.
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Sankhala, Surendra Singh, Singh Deeepeshwar, Shivakumar Kotikalapudi y Srideep Chaterjee. "Determining bioenergy field of autistic and normal healthy children: an electrophotonic imaging study". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, n.º 4 (26 de marzo de 2020): 1547. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20201472.
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Background: Currently assessment of autistic behavior is done based on learning disabilities, personal observation of behavioral patterns and standard autistic scales. Electrophotonic imaging (EPI) instrument is used to assess health status based on bio-energy field of various organ and organ system of human body. And can be useful to determine the early diagnosis of autistic symptoms and degree of improvement for any therapeutic intervention given to these autistic children on a regular basis. This study aimed to investigate the differences of EPI parameters of autistic children and healthy children of the same age group.Methods: This study was carried out by taking the EPI images of 33 autistic and 36 healthy children of age group 4 to 14 years from an autistic center and nearby school in Bangalore. The statistical analysis on acquired data were done using IBM SPSS Version 20.0.Results: The variables activation coefficient, integral area, sacrum, hypothalamus, thyroid gland, pancreas and coronary vessels showed a significant statistical difference in their mean value for autistic and healthy children (p<0.05).Conclusions: The EPI parameters for autistic and healthy children open up the possibility of using EPI based instrument for early diagnosis. Deeper analysis of the differing parameters gave us more insight into the type of intervention to be selected for improving the health of autistic children.
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Como, Dominique H., Lucía I. Floríndez-Cox, Leah I. Stein Duker, Jose C. Polido, Brandi P. Jones, Mary Lawlor y Sharon A. Cermak. "Oral Care Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Black/African American Caregivers of Autistic Children and Non-Autistic Children". Children 9, n.º 9 (19 de septiembre de 2022): 1417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9091417.
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Oral health is a vital component of overall health. Children from underserved, minoritized populations (i.e., Black/African Americans, autistic children) are at even greater risk for experiencing oral health disparities. This study aims to illuminate the oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Black/African American caregivers of autistic and non-autistic children. Black/African American caregivers of children (4-to-14 years) on the autism spectrum (n = 65) or not on the autism spectrum (n = 60), participated in a survey, with input from literature reviews, interviews, previous research, and reviews by experts. Caregivers demonstrated basic knowledge of oral health with significantly lower scores for caregivers of autistic children. Caregivers care about oral health and would like to increase their knowledge. Significant differences in oral care practices were found between the autistic and non-autistic groups. Caregivers reported they can access dental services with relative ease, including finding their child a dentist, scheduling a dental appointment, and accessing transportation (personal or public) to attend the visit. Black/African American caregivers of autistic children and children without autism seem to have foundational knowledge about oral health and basic practices; however, they are interested in learning more. Therefore, tailored oral health education programs may help mitigate oral health disparities for Black/African American families.
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Floríndez, Lucía I., Dominique H. Como, Daniella C. Floríndez, Francesca M. Floríndez, Evelyn Law, Jose C. Polido y Sharon A. Cermak. "Toothbrushing and Oral Care Activities of Autistic and Non-Autistic Latino Children". Children 9, n.º 5 (18 de mayo de 2022): 741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9050741.
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Background: Oral care activities, e.g., toothbrushing, are habitual occupations often considered routine. However, for autistic children, performing these routine dental practices can be challenging due to the child’s sensory sensitivities, unique executive function, and the complicated way in which autistic children conceptualize structure and habits. Limited research exists exploring the nuances of oral care routines in the autistic population, and more knowledge is needed to support targeted education interventions to improve oral care and address health inequities. The purpose of this study was to examine videos of oral care routines in the home to understand how oral care activities, such as toothbrushing, were performed by autistic and non-autistic Latino/a children. Methods: Parents/caregivers from eighteen Latino/a families with children between 6 and 12 years old (n = 10 autistic children and n = 8 non-autistic children) video recorded their child’s oral care routines for three days. The research team blindly coded and analyzed these videos using an oral care observation template to understand how these activities were uniquely performed by the children. Results: Eighty-five oral care videos were analyzed for this study. In addition to noting areas of oral care that can be improved, which included length of brushing and using the correct brushing technique, we identified two themes related to the differences between oral care practices in the autistic and non-autistic children: parent involvement and modifications. Conclusions: Qualitative findings show that parental involvement was documented especially in the case of autistic children, and that two types of modifications, habitual and sensory, were observed that demonstrated parents being aware of the needs of their autistic child and modifying the oral care activity to meet those needs. By synthesizing observations from the oral care videos into suggestions for practitioners working with families, we hope to supplement knowledge about effective oral care practices for autistic and non-autistic Latino/a children, thereby improving overall oral health and reducing oral health inequities in this population.
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Liu, Bennett M., Kelley Paskov, Jack Kent, Maya McNealis, Soren Sutaria, Olivia Dods, Christopher Harjadi, Nate Stockham, Andrey Ostrovsky y Dennis P. Wall. "Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Geographic Access to Autism Resources Across the US". JAMA Network Open 6, n.º 1 (23 de enero de 2023): e2251182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.51182.
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ImportanceWhile research has identified racial and ethnic disparities in access to autism services, the size, extent, and specific locations of these access gaps have not yet been characterized on a national scale. Mapping comprehensive national listings of autism health care services together with the prevalence of autistic children of various races and ethnicities and evaluating geographic regions defined by localized commuting patterns may help to identify areas within the US where families who belong to minoritized racial and ethnic groups have disproportionally lower access to services.ObjectiveTo evaluate differences in access to autism health care services among autistic children of various races and ethnicities within precisely defined geographic regions encompassing all serviceable areas within the US.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 5, 2021, to June 3, 2022, and involved 530 965 autistic children in kindergarten through grade 12. Core-based statistical areas (CBSAs; defined as areas containing a city and its surrounding commuter region), the Civil Rights Data Collection (CRDC) data set, and 51 071 autism resources (collected from October 1, 2015, to December 18, 2022) geographically distributed into 912 CBSAs were combined and analyzed to understand variation in access to autism health care services among autistic children of different races and ethnicities. Six racial and ethnic categories (American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Black or African American, Hispanic or Latino, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, and White) assigned by the US Department of Education were included in the analysis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresA regularized least-squares regression analysis was used to measure differences in nationwide resource allocation between racial and ethnic groups. The number of autism resources allocated per autistic child was estimated based on the child’s racial and ethnic group. To evaluate how the CBSA population size may have altered the results, the least-squares regression analysis was run on CBSAs divided into metropolitan (&gt;50 000 inhabitants) and micropolitan (10 000-50 000 inhabitants) groups. A Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the model estimated ratio of autism resources to autistic children among specific racial and ethnic groups comprising the proportions of autistic children in each CBSA.ResultsAmong 530 965 autistic children aged 5 to 18 years, 83.9% were male and 16.1% were female; 0.7% of children were American Indian or Alaska Native, 5.9% were Asian, 14.3% were Black or African American, 22.9% were Hispanic or Latino, 0.2% were Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, 51.7% were White, and 4.2% were of 2 or more races and/or ethnicities. At a national scale, American Indian or Alaska Native autistic children (β = 0; 95% CI, 0-0; P = .01) and Hispanic autistic children (β = 0.02; 95% CI, 0-0.06; P = .02) had significant disparities in access to autism resources in comparison with White autistic children. When evaluating the proportion of autistic children in each racial and ethnic group, areas in which Black autistic children (&gt;50% of the population: β = 0.05; &lt;50% of the population: β = 0.07; P = .002) or Hispanic autistic children (&gt;50% of the population: β = 0.04; &lt;50% of the population: β = 0.07; P &lt; .001) comprised greater than 50% of the total population of autistic children had significantly fewer resources than areas in which Black or Hispanic autistic children comprised less than 50% of the total population. Comparing metropolitan vs micropolitan CBSAs revealed that in micropolitan CBSAs, Black autistic children (β = 0; 95% CI, 0-0; P &lt; .001) and Hispanic autistic children (β = 0; 95% CI, 0-0.02; P &lt; .001) had the greatest disparities in access to autism resources compared with White autistic children. In metropolitan CBSAs, American Indian or Alaska Native autistic children (β = 0; 95% CI, 0-0; P = .005) and Hispanic autistic children (β = 0.01; 95% CI, 0-0.06; P = .02) had the greatest disparities compared with White autistic children.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, autistic children from several minoritized racial and ethnic groups, including Black and Hispanic autistic children, had access to significantly fewer autism resources than White autistic children in the US. This study pinpointed the specific geographic regions with the greatest disparities, where increases in the number and types of treatment options are warranted. These findings suggest that a prioritized response strategy to address these racial and ethnic disparities is needed.
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Bin Khalid Khan, Ahmed, Seeme Nigar, Naseer Ahmed, Anum Tanwir, Chander Kumar y Sara Altamash. "Evaluation of Dental Caries and Periodontal Health Status in Children with Autism: a Case Control Study". Journal of Islamabad Medical & Dental College 11, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2022): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35787/jimdc.v11i2.734.
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Background: Dental problems are common in autistic children due to poor oral hygiene. During the dental treatment, main challenge is reduced ability of autistic kids to communicate. The objective of this study was to investigate about the oral health status of autistic children and to compare the risk of dental caries and periodontal disease between children with autism and healthy controls.
Methodology: This case-control study was conducted at the Milestone Charitable Trust and Defense Housing Authority (DHA), Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed School, for the duration of 04 months (1st Dec 2019 – 30th March 2020). Among cases, 67 autistic children and among controls,67 healthy children, of age 7 to 17 years, of either gender, were included. All the participants were examined and assessed for presence or absence of any carious lesions, and periodontal health. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23.
Results: The overall mean age of included children was 12.51±2.99 years. Of 134 children, 53.7% were males and 46.3% females. The odds of periodontal disease were 5.52 times higher in autistic children as compared to healthy children (p < .001). The odds of dental caries were 3.43 times higher in autistic children as compared to healthy children (p < .001). In both age groups (<=10 years and >10 years), the risk of periodontal disease and dental caries was higher among autistic children as compared to normal children. While, according to gender, the risk of dental caries was higher among male autistic children as compared to normal children.
Conclusion: The odds of dental caries and periodontal disease were higher among autistic children as compared to healthy controls.
Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder, Dental caries, Periodontitis
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Cahyo Adi Kistoro, Hanif, Caly Setiawan, Eva Latipah y Himawan Putranta. "Teacher’s experiences in character education for autistic children". International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) 10, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v10i1.20743.
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<p><span>Character education is also important given to autistic children. This phenomenological research aims to reveal the teacher's experience in teaching character education for autistic children. The participants in this research were 10 teachers from three exceptional schools consisting of public and private exceptional schools. In-depth interview method as a data collection technique. Data analysis using semantic reduction is carried out by the stages of identifying important statements from the results of the interview, determining the theme of the discussion, and describing the significance of the whole the teacher's experience. The results found that character learning for autistic children through three models, namely explanatory, practice, and intensive mentoring. The explanatory model is used to practice the ability of autistic children in terms of building children's concentration and focus. The practice model is used to train autistic children soft skills in terms of strengthening the understanding of the material and its reasoning ability. While the intensive mentoring model for training soft skills autistic children related to the ability of interpersonal relationships and confidence. Therefore, the inclusion of teacher competencies must at a minimum include pedagogical, personal, and social abilities to teach character education for autistic children.</span></p>
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Ahmad, Assist profr Dr Abeer Najim Abdullah. "The most important social problems faced by families in caring for children with autism and ways of treatment and rehabilitation". ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 217, n.º 2 (10 de noviembre de 2018): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v217i2.565.
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"The most important social problems of the family in the care of Autistic children and ways of treatment and rehabilitation (Rami in a field study center for the care of autistic children and slow learners)"(Social problems, Autistic children, rehabilitation)The current research aims to identify the most important social and psychological problems experienced by families in the care of children Autistic and what are the most prominent solutions and treatments to the families of the children, especially the parents in the care of these children, and what are the most important roads in the rehabilitation and treatment provided by Rahman Institute which (Rami previously) in care autistic child and that contribute to overcome the difficulties faced by them.The most important findings of the research:1-74% of families with autistic children suffer from difficulties in social relations.2-92% of the sample in which the brothers suffer frompsychological and social burden the existence of an autistic brother.3-80% of the children's families in which the parents of Autistic problems and disorders family suffers.4-70% of households Autistic children suffer injury as a result of social epilepsy or mental disability problems.5-80% of households have resorted to international organizations to take care of the child within and outside the country.6-78% of the families of autistic children confirms the ability of the Institute on the rehabilitation of the child in its ability to rely on himself.
7-74% of the sample confirms the auspices of medically Institute of autistic children.
The most important recommendations on the family:1. Child can be treated early bands to help him develop social and language skills.2. The child was given an opportunity in the completion of his duties, which help him to give confidence in himself and the evolution of his senses and make it stable.The most important recommendations for the state:
Provide special food and medical basket autistic child.
Providing material support.
Training professional cadres in the perpetuation of how to communicate with the families of autistic children.
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Raza, Yasir, Sadaf Ali, Saher Mushtaque, Ujala Mushtaque, Hariza Surani y Shafaq Nomani. "The Oral Health of Autistic Children and its Impact on the Mental Health of Parents of Karachi, Pakistan". Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, n.º 1 (30 de enero de 2022): 948–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22161948.
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Background: Autism spectrum disorder is a mental health disorder which affects the oral health of autistic children. The parents of autistic children have to come across various problems associated with mental health. Objective: This study is conducted to assess the oral health of autistic children and its impact on the mental health of parents. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 parents of autistic children. Out of which 75 were mothers and 75 were fathers. Hence, (DASS 21) was use to assess depression, anxiety and stress of parents. SPSS version-23 was use to analyze the data by applying independent t-test and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient . (P ≤ 0.05) was considered significant. Results: The findings of the study revealed that autistic children have poor oral health status. Oral symptoms such as caries (p < 0.001), bad breath (p < 0.001), gingivitis (p < 0.001), and breathing from mouth (p < 0.001), biting of objects (p < 0.05) and unfavorable experience of dentist (p < 0.001) was highly significant among autistic children. Hence no significant difference was observed in dietary pattern of autistic children. Depression, anxiety and stress were observed among the parents of autistic children. Conclusion: Dental Carries, bad breath and gingivitis was commonly seen among the autistic children due to poor oral hygiene. In this situation when children are unable to understand parents. It becomes a challenging situation for parents leading to depression, stress and anxiety. Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder, Mental health, Oral health
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Karim, Mahmuda, Shelina Begum y Shorifa Shahzadi. "Serum Lactate, AST, ALT in Male Autistic Children in Bangladesh". Journal of Bangladesh Society of Physiologist 10, n.º 2 (31 de marzo de 2016): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v10i2.27165.
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Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction has been found associated with abnormal brain bioenergetics resulting in autistic spectrum disorder (ASD)Objective: To assess serum lactate, AST, ALT in order to observe the mitochondrial dysfunction in male children with autistic spectrum disorder.Method: This case-control study was conducted in the Department of Physiology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka from January, 2013 to December, 2013. Total 100 male children with age range 3-8 years were randomly selected, among which 50 were normal children and 50 were diagnosed autistic children. Autistic children were enrolled from the Parents Forum for autistic children in Dhaka and the control subjects were selected from normal school. Serum lactate, Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) were estimated in all children by standard laboratory method. Independent samplet test was used for statistical analysis.Results: All these biochemical parameter were found significantly higher (p<0.001) in ASD children. In addition, elevated levels of serum lactate, AST and ALT were found in 94%, 46%, and 30% of autistic children respectively.Conclusion: From the result of this study it can be concluded that mitochondrial dysfunction may occur in children with autistic spectrum disorder.Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2015, December; 10(2): 56-60
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Jiu, Cau Kim y Somporn Rungreangkulkij. "The Meaning of Having an Autistic Child in Malay Family Indonesia". Unnes Journal of Public Health 8, n.º 2 (31 de julio de 2019): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ujph.v0i0.29527.
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The condition of families with autistic children raises many views and judgments both from family and society. This ethnographic study aimed to describe the meaning of families and communities towards families with autistic children. Data were collected through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. Key informants come from families who have autistic children and community members recruited by purposive sampling, while the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. This study results generate two categories of perception of the meaning of having autistic children. The first category was made by the families which comprises four themes such as 1) A test from God, 2) Destiny of God, 3) Autistic children different with other children, and 4) Children who need intensive helping. The second category was the perception made by the community members which consists of two themes, such as 1) Test for family, and 2) An autistic child as a holy child. This study further shows that culture is believed to determine how families and the members of the community perceive and interpret the existence of autistic children in the families so that it is very important for health workers to understand the culture that exists in the community.
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Russo, A. J. "Relationship between Celiac Disease Markers and Gastrointestinal Disease in Children with Autism". Immunology and Immunogenetics Insights 2 (enero de 2010): III.S3662. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/iii.s3662.
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Aim This study was designed to determine if there is a relationship between celiac disease (CD) and the presence of gastrointestinal disease (GI) disease in children with autism. Subjects and Methods One hundred twenty-two children were tested for IgG and IgA anti-transglutaminase autoantibodies (55 autistic children with GI disease, 28 non autistic children with no GI disease, 30 autistic children with no GI disease, and 9 non autistic children with GI Disease). We also compared the presence/level of these autoantibodies to presence of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and level of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT). Results We did not find a significant difference in the level of anti-transglutaminase IgG or IgA in autistic children with GI disease compared to controls. However, we found a significant relationship between the presence of ANCA and low-level IgG anti-transglutaminase IgG in children with autism and GI disease. Discussion Although there appears to be no relationship between these celiac disease markers and the presence of GI disease in autistic children, these results suggest a possible association between sub diagnostic levels of anti-transglutaminase IgG and the presence of ANCA, and therefore, supports the hypothesis that there is a generalized autoimmune dysfunction in autistic children with GI disease.
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Badi’ah, Atik, Ni Ketut Mendri, Heru Santoso Wahito Nugroho y Wawuri Handayani. "The Effect of Parenting on The Language Development of Autistic Children". Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 3 (30 de abril de 2020): 509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/icse.v3.554.
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Autistic children have abilities and characteristics that are different from each other, so different ways of interacting with themselves and the environment and making autistic children as unique individuals (Ginanjar, 2007). The development of autistic children both physically, emotionally, intellectually, and psychosocially has a problem that results in the inhibition of children reaching a level of language development that is appropriate to their age. Parenting in children with autism includes autistic child parents providing emotional, social, informational and practical support. Attention and love from parents and family will encourage autistic children to develop better. An autistic child will feel that he is loved and wanted if more and more people in the family environment who love and care for him. Based on the results of a preliminary study conducted by the author by interviewing 8 autistic schools in the provinces of DIY and Ponorogo, East Java, to 16 parents who have autistic children, the majority of parents (93%) think that by entering autistic children into an outside school ordinary (SLB) autism in accordance with its limitations means their efforts can be said to be enough. Not all parents realize that having children with special needs in accompanying language development can maximize language development. Knowing the effect of parenting on the language development of children with autism This type of quantitative research uses Quasi experiment with the design "Pre test Post test with Control Group Design". Observation was carried out twice. The first observation is to determine the development of an autistic child before being given parenting and the second observation after being given parenting. Sampling was done by purposive sampling with the criteria of parents and autistic children aged 6-12 years in the autistic schools of the provinces of Yogyakarta and Ponorogo, East Java. Examination data were analyzed analytically with the help of SPSS for Windows version 16.0 using paired t-test and Wilcoxon, with a significant level of p <0.05. The experimental group pre-test and post-test with a value of p (sig) 0,000 <0.05 then Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, meaning there is a difference between pre-test and post-test in the experimental group. In the control group pre-test and post-test with p value (sig) 0.002 <0.05 then Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, meaning there is a difference between pre-test and post-test in the control group. There is a parenting effect on the language development of autistic children in autistic schools with p (sig) <0.05 means that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected.
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Piras, Cristina, Michele Mussap, Antonio Noto, Andrea De Giacomo, Fernanda Cristofori, Martina Spada, Vassilios Fanos, Luigi Atzori y Ruggiero Francavilla. "Alterations of the Intestinal Permeability are Reflected by Changes in the Urine Metabolome of Young Autistic Children: Preliminary Results". Metabolites 12, n.º 2 (23 de enero de 2022): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12020104.
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Several metabolomics-based studies have provided evidence that autistic subjects might share metabolic abnormalities with gut microbiota dysbiosis and alterations in gut mucosal permeability. Our aims were to explore the most relevant metabolic perturbations in a group of autistic children, compared with their healthy siblings, and to investigate whether the increased intestinal permeability may be mirrored by specific metabolic perturbations. We enrolled 13 autistic children and 14 unaffected siblings aged 2–12 years; the evaluation of the intestinal permeability was estimated by the lactulose:mannitol test. The urine metabolome was investigated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The lactulose:mannitol test unveiled two autistic children with altered intestinal permeability. Nine metabolites significantly discriminated the urine metabolome of autistic children from that of their unaffected siblings; however, in the autistic children with increased permeability, four additional metabolites—namely, fucose, phenylacetylglycine, nicotinurate, and 1-methyl-nicotinamide, strongly discriminated their urine metabolome from that of the remaining autistic children. Our preliminary data suggest the presence of a specific urine metabolic profile associated with the increase in intestinal permeability.
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Scheerer, Nichole E., Elina Birmingham, Troy Q. Boucher y Grace Iarocci. "Attention capture by trains and faces in children with and without autism spectrum disorder". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 6 (18 de junio de 2021): e0250763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250763.
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This study examined involuntary capture of attention, overt attention, and stimulus valence and arousal ratings, all factors that can contribute to potential attentional biases to face and train objects in children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In the visual domain, faces are particularly captivating, and are thought to have a ‘special status’ in the attentional system. Research suggests that similar attentional biases may exist for other objects of expertise (e.g. birds for bird experts), providing support for the role of exposure in attention prioritization. Autistic individuals often have circumscribed interests around certain classes of objects, such as trains, that are related to vehicles and mechanical systems. This research aimed to determine whether this propensity in autistic individuals leads to stronger attention capture by trains, and perhaps weaker attention capture by faces, than what would be expected in non-autistic children. In Experiment 1, autistic children (6–14 years old) and age- and IQ-matched non-autistic children performed a visual search task where they manually indicated whether a target butterfly appeared amongst an array of face, train, and neutral distractors while their eye-movements were tracked. Autistic children were no less susceptible to attention capture by faces than non-autistic children. Overall, for both groups, trains captured attention more strongly than face stimuli and, trains had a larger effect on overt attention to the target stimuli, relative to face distractors. In Experiment 2, a new group of children (autistic and non-autistic) rated train stimuli as more interesting and exciting than the face stimuli, with no differences between groups. These results suggest that: (1) other objects (trains) can capture attention in a similar manner as faces, in both autistic and non-autistic children (2) attention capture is driven partly by voluntary attentional processes related to personal interest or affective responses to the stimuli.
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Badi’ah, Atik, Ni Ketut Mendri, Bondan Palestin y Heru Santoso Wahito Nugroho. "The Effect of Applied Behavior Analysis on the Gross Motor Development of Autistic Children". Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, T4 (27 de febrero de 2021): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.5754.
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BACKGROUND: Autistic children have abilities and characteristics that are different from each other, so different ways of interacting the environment autistic children individuals. The development of autistic children both physically, emotionally, intellectually, and psychosocially has a problem that results in the inhibition of children reaching a level of gross motor development that is appropriate to their age. Stimulation applied behavior analysis (ABA) in children with autism includes gross motor, fine motor, emotional, social, language, informational, and practical supports. An autistic child will feel that he is loved and wanted if more and more people in the family environment love and care for him. Based on this preliminary study, interviewing eight autistic schools in the provinces of DIY and Ponorogo, East Java, to 16 parents who have autistic children, the majority of parents (93%) think that by entering autistic children into a special school (SLB) in accordance with its limitations mean that their efforts can be said to be enough. Not all parents realize that stimulating and accompanying children with special needs can maximize gross motor development. AIM: This study aims to assess the effect of stimulation ABA on the gross motor development of children with autism. METHODS: Quasi-experiment “Pre-Post Control Group Design” was used in this study. The first observation is to determine the gross motor development of an autistic child before being given stimulation ABA and the second observation after being given the ABA stimulation. Samples were recruited using a purposive sampling technique with the criteria of parents and autistic children aged 6–12 years in the autistic schools of the provinces of Yogyakarta and Ponorogo, East Java. T-test and Wilcoxon applied in this study with significance level was <0.05. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Result of data analysis showed in the experiment group before intervention, the category of the gross motor is enough category and after intervention, the category was high. Meanwhile, in the control group, there is no differences category between pre test and post test. there is a difference of the gross motor development of autistic children in intervention group and control group with p value 0.001 and 0.004 respectively. CONCLUSION: There is an effect of stimulation ABA on the gross motor development of autistic children in autistic schools with p (sig.) <0.05 means that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected.
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Al Mochamant, Iosif-Grigorios, Ioannis Fotopoulos y Lampros Zouloumis. "Dental Management of Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders". Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine 19, n.º 3 (1 de noviembre de 2015): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjdm-2015-0046.
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SummaryDental treatment of patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) can be complicated because of the presence of behavioural unpredictability. This article reviews the present literature on the issues dealt with children with autistic spectrum disorder from the dental perspective. The prevalence of autism is rising worldwide. Consequently, dentists will find an increasing number of such children in their routine practice, whose treatment will require special considerations in their dental management. Knowledge regarding the oral health status of autistic children is essential for the paediatric dentists. Negative behaviour toward dental treatment was very clear in autistic children. Self-inflicting trauma/habits were observed in autistic children. It was concluded that the autistic children do not have a higher dental caries score compared to that of normal children. Their oral hygiene was fair; however, they exhibited more debris deposits than normal children.