Artículos de revistas:

1

Hanusch, Folker y Tim P. Vos. "Charting the development of a field: A systematic review of comparative studies of journalism". International Communication Gazette 82, n.º 4 (10 de enero de 2019): 319–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048518822606.

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Comparative studies of journalism have gained considerable currency in recent years, and are often considered to be at the cutting edge of journalism studies. Yet, there has been relatively little systematic examination of the growth of comparative journalism studies or in-depth analysis of the power relations within the field in relation to, for example, trends in authorship or dominant methodologies and paradigms. This article reports the results of a systematic review of comparative studies of journalism published between 2000 and 2015, a key growth period for the field. By examining in detail a population of 441 articles published in 22 key journals, we demonstrate that comparative journalism studies is a dynamic field that has developed considerable structure over time, and outline some key patterns, such as a continuing focus on Western authorship, the study of Western countries and elite media, quantitative methods of analysis and political aspects of journalism.

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2

Mohammadi Dehcheshmeh, Maryam. "Pseudo-translation as a Subset of the Literary System: a Case Study". TranscUlturAl: A Journal of Translation and Cultural Studies 5, n.º 1-2 (28 de marzo de 2014): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.21992/t9zs7j.

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Abstract Persian literature is replete with pseudo-translations to the extent that if one tried to compile a complete bibliography, it would turn into an unwieldy book. Most Persian pseudo-translations belong to Iranian political literature (Okhovat, 2006). As could be guessed, identifying pseudo-translations is not a simple task as their authors want readers to believe in the ‘translationness’ of these works for various reasons. One of the most famous Iranian pieces of pseudo-translations, whose original writer has recently claimed its authorship, is the famous (in Iran) Letter of Charlie Chaplin to his daughter Geraldine. The present article examines diverse aspects of this text, including its political, historical, cultural, and literary milieu of production, and provides a critical discourse analysis of this text and highlights the original author’s ideological stance as it is embedded in this purported foreign letter. The article concludes by surmising the reasons why this famous work was published as a translation, and how it is, that the original writer has claimed authorship after more than 30 years.

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3

Ryan, Bartholomew. "“Out into the Middle of Life”: The Age of Disintegration and Ecological Perspectives in Kierkegaard’s Thought". Kierkegaard Studies Yearbook 24, n.º 1 (12 de septiembre de 2019): 437–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kierke-2019-0018.

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AbstractThis essay is an attempt to link aspects of Kierkegaard’s experimental writings with new contemporary ecological perspectives which—in the act of interpenetration—are fusing philosophy, science, literature, anthropology, political thought, new economic perspectives, and visual and sound media, in order to open up new ways to live and flourish on a damaged planet—in our “age of disintegration.” I present Kierkegaard’s diagnosis of his time as “the age of disintegration” (from 1848) as something that can be connected to the contemporary socio-political conditions in late modernity, and to the new epoch on the horizon which we are now experiencing. I interpret Kierkegaard’s expression “out into the middle of life” as the kernel of Kierkegaard’s authorship of interruption and unsettling. I argue it can be implicitly included in aspects of ecological perspectives offered by innovative writers today.

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4

Safonova, M. A. y A. A. Safonov. "Transformation of Academic Writing in the Digital Age". Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia 30, n.º 2 (22 de febrero de 2021): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2021-30-2-144-153.

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Retaining its unifying function in creating academic texts, academic writing is undergoing various changes brought about by digitisation. The key trends are related to three aspects of academic writing: formal bibliometrics, principles of collaboration, and interaction with the readers. The first trend concerns the growing importance of identifiers, citation standards, key words and other metadata that underlie the creation of data bases allowing universities and scientific centres to take administrative and organizational decisions. Secondly, information technologies for collaborative writing stimulate the shift from individual authorship to the collective one and from thematic collaboration to the functional distribution of authorship. Finally, academic writing has adopted marketing strategies and instruments in communicating scientific knowledge to the audience. Digitisation has caused the emergence of postproduction in academic writing, i.e. applying Internet resources to enhance the reach of one’s academic papers. These trends require a revision of the approach to teaching academic writing and a more profound study of the new phenomena conditioned by the digital era.

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5

Waseem, Urooj, Shehryar Awan, Khizar Ansar Malik, Danish Javed, Sana Zafar, Fasih Ahmad Khan y Amina Tariq. "Questionable Research Practices Among Dentists". Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, n.º 9 (30 de septiembre de 2022): 415–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22169415.

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Objective: The objective of the study is to explore the frequency of mal-practicing in terms of giving and accepting honorary authorships among dentists in private dental colleges of Lahore Method: This descriptive crossectional study was conducted to collect data from dentists working in private dental colleges of Lahore regarding plagiarism practices. Three private dental colleges were targeted from where data of 95 dentists was obtained. Data was collected using questionnaire to assess the questionable research practices. Results: Refusal on data sharing with legitimate colleagues was never practiced by majority of participants (46.1%). Addition of author(s) to a research paper who have not contributed in study was sometimes practiced by majority of participants (27.9%). Majority of participants reported that they occasionally accept honorary authorship for which you did not qualify (26.26%). Majority of participants reported that they never demanded any honorary authorship (48.41%). Refusal to give authorship to the person who had worked in the study was never practiced by majority of participants (62.11%). Majority of participants reported that they never submission without taking consent from other authors of a manuscript or grant application (65.26%). Majority of the participants reported that they never do a submission of single manuscript to more than one journals at one time (56.84%). Conclusion: Among dentist, mal-practicing in terms of collaboration and authorship is quite low as compared to in other health professional education as per literature. Keywords: Dental education, Ethical policies, Honorary authorships

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6

Almeida de Carvalho, Fábio. "Aspects of Indigenous Participation in Brazilian Literature". Journal of Foreign Languages and Cultures 7, n.º 2 (28 de diciembre de 2023): 025–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202302003.

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The article both presents how, from the end of the 1980s onwards, native peoples have begun to occupy certain spaces of textual production and circulation that they had not previously occupied in the Brazilian cultural scene (for social, linguistic, and cultural reasons, but also political and juridical) and discusses how this process has provoked a vigorous movement of dilation of traditional textual and discursive borders in Western culture. Texts deriving from indigenous peoples in the sphere of academic discourse are, in general, bilingual, and are structured in ways that combine aspects of intellectual production with those of artistic creation. Moreover, they are also structured around a rather complex conception of the notion of authorship (considering that they are written by an author but represent the voice of their people). As examples, the article analyzes the case of Os cantos tradicionais Ye’kwana [Traditional Ye’kwana Chants], by the indigenous teacher and researcher Fernando Ye’kwana Gimenes, winner of the 2020/2021 edition of the Dirce Cortes Riedel Masters Dissertation Award by the Brazilian Association of Comparative Literature, as a typical example of the cultural phenomenon discussed. The traditional Ye’kwana chants present significant transgressions in relation to the traditional notions of narrative logic and the dominant forms of narration in the fields of literature and history. The awarding of this academic prize to an indigenous inhabitant of the forest, on the border between Brazil and Venezuela, by the largest association of comparative literature in Latin America, in addition to being an important act in political terms, demonstrates how urgent it is to rethink processes of global literary dissemination beyond the restricted frameworks configured by the logic of hegemonic cultures, which are based on closed divisions and hierarchies. With this, we intend to contribute to the process of including Amerindian texts in the repertoire of Comparative Literature and World Literature.

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7

Crothers, Charles. "Developments in British Sociology as Shown in British Sociology Journals". Sociological Research Online 16, n.º 3 (agosto de 2011): 202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.2445.

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To provide a factual foundation for understanding of the trajectory of the development in British sociology a content analysis of the journal articles in the main generalist British sociology journals is provided. This contributes both an overall picture, and allows an account of contrasts between the journals. Attention is focused on the extent to which the content differs between British and other authors (and more detailed geographical breakdowns and other aspects of authorship) and how content has changed over time. Finally, how the research outcomes are related to some of the characteristics of producers and producing departments are assayed.

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8

Smyth, Gerry. "‘Trust Not Appearances’: Political and Personal Betrayal in James Joyce's Ulysses". Irish University Review 44, n.º 2 (noviembre de 2014): 254–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/iur.2014.0123.

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Literary historians such as Tony Tanner have speculated that adultery, with its assault upon the patriarchal institution of marriage and its potential for family drama, is the principal theme of the bourgeois novel that evolves in Europe during the nineteenth century. Joyce's famous work was heir to the great nineteenth-century novel of adultery – a tradition which includes the likes of Tolstoy's Anna Karenina (1873–77), Flaubert's Madame Bovary (1857), and Zola's Thérèse Raquin (1867). An act of marital betrayal lies at the heart of the story, an act which Joyce explores in all its emotional and moral complexity. Other critics (such as David Lloyd) have argued that his condition as an Irish writer obliged Joyce to develop an ‘adulterated’ form of writing – one which refused the precepts of patriarchal authorship, and in so doing contributed significantly to the emergence of the cultural sensibility known as Modernism. This article addresses Joyce's imagination of personal and political betrayal as explored in both the thematic and formal aspects of Ulysses.

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9

Kumari, Purnima y Kirti Jachak. "A study of Authorship Pattern and Collaborative Measures of Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur Chhattisgarh". Journal of Ravishankar University (PART-A) 28, n.º 2 (1 de agosto de 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.52228/jrua.2022-28-2-1.

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The study highlights the Authorship pattern and collaborative measures of the 1692 Scholarly publications published in the Web of Science database for 21 years from 1989 to 2020. The study reveals the various significant aspects like the Collaborative index, collaborative coefficients, the correlation between authors and articles, and the degree of collaboration. There is a highly significant correlation found between articles and the authors. The highest collaborative index (3.32) and collaborative coefficient (0.64) were recorded in the year 2000. 1644 publications were co-authorship index while 48 publications single author index out of 1692 publications.

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10

Kirkland, Ewan. "Contextualizing the bronies: Cult, quality, subculture and the contradictions of contemporary fandom". Journal of Popular Television 8, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2020): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jptv_00012_1.

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This article critically situates My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (2010‐19) and the ‘brony’ following it has attracted in terms of age and fandom, discourses of quality television, cult media and interactions between fandoms and cultural producers. Far from unprecedented, the show’s unexpected male audience reflects adults’ historic appreciation of media for children, the increased mainstreaming of animation, and the already infantilized persona of media fans. Aspects of the reimagined series reproduce characteristics of ‘quality television’ concerning characterization, genre, authorship and political intentionality. Simultaneously the show corresponds with overlapping aspects of cult television and cult cinema, crucially affording both cultural and subcultural value. Finally, examples of the series deliberately courting adult fan audiences are presented as reflecting reciprocal relationships between show producers and its mature viewers. The brony following consequently reflects changes in contemporary fandom dynamics, and the increasing mobility of twenty-first-century television viewing.

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11

Castañeda de la Paz, María. "The Texcoco Coat of Arms". Ethnohistory 69, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2022): 163–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00141801-9522171.

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Abstract During the last couple of years, the Texcoco coat of arms has received much attention, yet there is no agreement on the interpretation of some of its heraldic elements or its date and authorship. In this article the author presents a new iconographic study accompanied by a review of an important part of Texcoco’s history to demonstrate that the goal of the artist who painted this coat of arms was to exalt that city’s most significant political events: Nezahualcoyotl’s conquest of the Acolhua capital of Coatlinchan and the relocation of its court to Texcoco. Various additional aspects suggest that this coat of arms pertains to the first half of the seventeenth century; they also provide clues to the possible identity of the intellectual author of this shield.

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12

Dulley, Iracema. "Chronicles of Bailundo: a fragmentary account in Umbundu of life before and after Portuguese colonial rule". Africa 91, n.º 5 (noviembre de 2021): 713–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972021000553.

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Abstract‘Chronicles of Bailundo’ is a fragmentary account of life in Bailundo, Central Angola. The manuscript, whose authorship and exact date are unknown, is available at the archives of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) at Houghton Library, Harvard University. It was written in Umbundu, the vernacular spoken in Bailundo, by North American Congregational missionaries between 1903 and the 1930s. Although the source mentions no dates, it refers roughly to the period between the seventeenth century and the gradual establishment of Portuguese colonial rule and Christian missions in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It gives access to both the Umbundu then spoken in Bailundo and the perspective of Umbundu-speaking subjects on what it was like to live in this polity. The source addresses socio-cultural, political and economic aspects of life in Bailundo as well as significant historical events, such as the Bailundo War (1902–03). The text in Umbundu, published as supplementary material with this article, has been transcribed, translated into Portuguese and English, and annotated. The version published following the main introduction of the article presents an annotated sample of the source in English. The full version, published as supplementary material, comprises the complete original in Umbundu, its complete annotated translation into English, and a complete annotated translation into Portuguese. The article addresses the authorship, contents, form and context of production of the source.

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Shear, Adam. "Introduction to AJS Review Symposium: The Jewish Book: Views and Questions". AJS Review 34, n.º 2 (noviembre de 2010): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009410000371.

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In the last several decades, the study of reading, writing, and publishing has emerged as a lively field of inquiry in the humanities and social sciences. Historians and literary scholars have engaged with a number of questions about the impact of changes in technology on reading practices and particularly on the relationship between new technologies of reading and writing and social, religious, and political change. The new field of the “history of the book,” merging aspects of social and intellectual history with the tools of analytical and descriptive bibliography, came to the fore in the second half of the twentieth century at the same time that the emergence of new forms of electronic media raised many questions for social scientists about the ways that technological change have affected aspects of human communication in our time. Meanwhile, while the field of book history emerged initially among early modernists interested in the impact of printing technology, the issues raised regarding authorship, publication, relations between orality and the written word, dissemination, and reception have enriched the study of earlier periods.

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Veselkova, Natalia V. "AUTHORSHIP / SUBJECTIVITY IN THE EXPERIENCE OF RUSSIAN BIOGRAPHICAL PROJECTS OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY". Ural Historical Journal 69, n.º 4 (2020): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2020-4(69)-84-92.

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In the first half of the 20th century a number of projects with a historical and biographical “stuffing” were carried out in our country, from psychologist N. Rybnikov’s activity to establish Biographical Institute up to Gorky’s “History of the Civil War”, “History of Factories and Plants” and the Mintz Commission on the History of the Great Patriotic War. The affiliation of these projects to the first stage of the development of the biographical method, better known from the studies of the Chicago school, is asserted. The article attempts to analyze Russian projects on the subject of authorship / subjectivity constructions arising in them in an interdisciplinary way of the biographical method, as well as using a multiscalar approach to the study of social memory. It has been shown that “mass character” in these constructions has several aspects: a) involvement of the “masses”, b) key to verification and consensus in describing the past through the recollections of many participants, c) performativity. The democratization of biography-writing is considered in the context of the ‘Halbwachs Theorem’. In order for people unaccustomed to producing memories to be included in biographical practices, as well as to ensure the completeness and comparability of information obtained not only for political, but also for research purposes, semi-formalized methods were developed. Nevertheless, with all the declarations that the workers are now writing history, for the most part they were only suppliers of raw material, and the complex constructions of distributed authorship actually acted.

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15

Gygax, Marc Domingo y Werner Tietz. "‘He who of all mankind set up the most numerous trophies to Zeus’ The Inscribed Pillar of Xanthos reconsidered". Anatolian Studies 55 (diciembre de 2005): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066154600000661.

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AbstractThe Inscribed Pillar of Xanthos remains one of the most enigmatic monuments of ancient Lycia. This article addresses the problem of the monument's authorship, but tries also to shed some light on the relative chronology of its inscriptions (a Greek epigram, a long inscription in Lycian A and a short Lycian B inscription), the relationship between the decorative sculptures of the monument and the content of the inscriptions, the political intention of the Lycian A text, and the significance of the Greek epigram for our understanding of the process of Greek acculturation. We argue that the Pillar results from the interventions of different individuals at different times and its overall design, therefore, does not represent a single and unified concept. Viewed from this perspective, several aspects of the monument, while apparently inconsistent at first glance, reveal their own ‘consistency’, which allows us to resolve the contradictions of previous interpretations.

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Wagner Tsoni, Ioanna y Anja K. Franck. "Writings on the Wall: Textual Traces of Transit in the Aegean Borderscape". Borders in Globalization Review 1, n.º 1 (17 de noviembre de 2019): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/bigr11201919243.

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The Greek island of Lesvos has a centuries-old history as a site of departure, arrival, coexistence and resistance for the forcibly displaced. This migratory chronology, however, was overwritten by the unprecedented attention that Lesvos attracted during the 2015 ‘refugee crisis’. This paper examines vernacular aspects of bordering, specifically the practice of border crossers and other groups standing in solidarity with—or against—them, to inscribe messages on walls in and around carceral and public spaces, viewed as a process of constructing and contesting borders from below. Closely reading numerous inscriptions collected around Lesvos reveals how borders are constructed, enacted and contested from below through borderlanders’ discursive practices on some of the very walls that constitute the EU frontier’s material infrastructure. This study aims to advance understandings of the historical continuity of the Aegean borderscape as a complex landscape of border effects and affects that exceed borders’ legal, infrastructural and political dimensions, while also highlighting the persistence and importance of personal agency, self-authorship and identity reclamation by border populations even in the direst of circumstances.

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17

Vassallo, Christian. "Il ruolo della retorica tra democrazia e oligarchia. Un’ipotesi di attribuzione di un supposto frammento socratico". Elenchos 35, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2014): 195–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/elen-2014-350202.

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AbstractSince the editio princeps, PSI XI 1215 has been recognized as a fragment of a Socratic dialogue. After the first studies on its philological aspects and probable authorship, however, the text has not drawn the attention of historians of ancient philosophy, and this important Socratic evidence has long been totally neglected. This paper reviews the history of scholarship on the Florentine fragment and presents a new critical edition, on the basis of which it tries to give for the first time a historico-philosophical reading of the text. This interpretation aims to demonstrate: a) that the Socratic philosopher who is writing had not a low cultural level, and the fragment presupposes an accurate knowledge of Plato’s political thought, as Medea Norsa and Girolamo Vitelli already supposed with regard to Book 8 of Plato’s Republic; b) that the fragment in question can be attributed to a Socratic dialogue which was most likely composed in the first half of the 4th century BC; c) that both philosophical and textual arguments support the attribution of the fragment to a dialogue of Antisthenes.

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Reznik, Aleksandr Valerievich. "On the study of the language the documents of incarcerated oppositionists of the Upper Ural political detention center". Исторический журнал: научные исследования, n.º 1 (enero de 2021): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2021.1.34804.

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This article is first in historiography to set the subject of the analysis as the political language of the “Notebooks of the Upper Ural political detention center” – a body of texts written by the incarcerated oppositionists of Communism during 1932-1933. These documents became part of public domain only as recently as 2018. They have practically not been implemented into the scientific discourse, which complicates the task of authorship, detailed reconstruction of the practices of creation and proliferation of the “notebooks”, but at the same time raises the relevance of these texts from the political and cultural perspectives.  The author poses the question of rhetorical and pragmatic peculiarities of the texts of various genre. The texts are viewed in the context of the discourse on the language of the 1920s and early 1930s, canonic formulas of writing of the revolutionaries, as well as the factor of incarceration and internal discussions among the authors. The article highlights similarities and dissimilarities with the so-called “Soviet language” in the aspects of usage of clichés, citation techniques and stylistics eclectics. A hypothesis is advanced that the stylistics of texts carried an imprint of the cultural level of the authors and the conditions of incarceration, combination of which showed traces of the canonical political narratives of the revolutionaries, as well as bureaucratized depersonified language. The conclusion is made that the “notebooks” served as support of collective identity of the oppositionists, and can be viewed as the language of opposition.

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Zavialova, Olha K., Mariya P. Kalashnyk, Hanna S. Savchenko, Halyna A. Stakhevych y Iryna V. Smirnova. "From a Work to an "Open" Work: Research Experience". International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 9 (21 de octubre de 2021): 2938–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2020.09.358.

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The subject of this study is the concept of "open" work, proposed by U. Eco. Based on the ideas of U. Eco, the authors interpret the "open" work in several aspects: compositional, semantic, and compositional-semantic. Compositional openness emerges in aleatoric works. The tendencies to openness are found in compositions written with the use of "non-deterministic" notation. Works that are "open" in the semantic sense have encoded meanings, the decoding of which requires the involvement of contextual meanings. Compositional-semantic openness emerges in Net Art. Cognition of the specifics of "open" works required a study of the history of the traditional "closed" work, it's becoming and evolution in a historical perspective. The concept of "work" is investigated in conjunction with the concepts of "authorship", "creativity", "musical text", "performance", "perception", etc. It was demonstrated that the meaning of these concepts substantially changes in the context of dynamic history and culture. In modern culture, these concepts have lost their usual shape and have substantially transformed due to rapid development of computer technology and the Internet.

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Lomanov, A. V. "Human rights in modern ideology of the Communist Party of China". Orientalistica 5, n.º 4 (20 de diciembre de 2022): 882–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2022-5-4-882-897.

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Over the decade of Xi Jinping’s leadership the Chinese interpretation of human rights emphasized practical and legal aspects of the issue. At the same time, the elevation to normative status of “Xi Jinping’s ideas of a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics” stimulated the process of theoretical systematization of the views of the party leader on the development of human rights. The notion that “happy life of the people is the greatest human right” gained key prominence. Chinese researchers underline the change of “generations” in the understanding of human rights, according to which the primary Western commitment to civil and political rights has been replaced by the priority of social and economic rights. China claims the authorship of modern comprehensive interpretation of human rights that facilitates better life for all population and all-embracing human development. Official interpretation of “China’s path of developing human rights” insists on connecting together the Marxist concept of human rights, Chinese reality, traditional Chinese culture and the achievements of human civilization. The key modern Chinese foreign policy concept of the “community of destiny of mankind” acts as a rationale for China’s human rights actions in the outside world.

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Knieža, Skirmantas. "Between the tropes and pragmatics: the rhetorical aspect of Rozmowa polaka z litwinem". Literatūra 61, n.º 3 (20 de diciembre de 2019): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/litera.2019.3.7.

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This paper presents rhetorical aspects of a sixteenth century Lithuanian polemical treatise “Rozmowa polaka z litwinem” (“Pasikalbėjimas lenko su lietuviu”). This anonymous work is often labeled as “humanist”. Even though many scholars analyse its contents and emphasize references to the Classical Antiquity, formal aspects and their pragmatic implications remain unevaluated. Scholars have mainly focused on the issue of it authorship and quoted it illustrating cultural and political sixteenth century changes in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The main aim of this article is to reveal rhetorical tropes and figures employed by the author of the treatise and discuss the possible motivation of their selection. “Rozmowa” responds to, “Quincunx”, written in 1564 by a Polish polemist Stanisław Orzechowski (1513–1566). It is a part of a prolonged polemic between the later and Lithuanian Chancellor, Palatine of Vilnius Mikalojus Radvila “The Black”. The details and the course of their dispute is reconstructed by Orzechowski himself in the letter to Piotr Miscovius, which also is titled “Apologia pro Quincunce”. He refers to the “Rozmowa” without mentioning its title or particular author. Historiography attributes it to the Vilnius mayor (wójt) Augustyn Rotundus (c. 1520–1582). Both Orzechowski and Rotundus studied abroad and had spent some time in Italy. Not only curricula of their studies of artes liberales were influenced by Classical Antiquity, they also undoubtedly got familiar with humanist culture of the contemporary Europe.“Rozmowa” consists of two main parts, which are separated by a verse. The treatise is written in a form of a dialogue, and allows to portray a vivid discussion and multiple points of view. The first part of “Rozmowa” focuses on the questions of the political theory, whereas the second one is dedicated to the history of Lithuania, its dynasty and the issue of the Polish-Lithuanian Union. While the first part is polemical, the second one has epideictic character. The author employs personification, paradiastole and antithesis. The latter two allow changing the normative contents of political concepts, and irony highlights the absurdities in the Polish political practices. The Lithuanian, one of the characters, uses deprecation and interpellation, addresses the absent participants of a dialogue (e. g. Orzechowski himself). The author quotes Ancient authors, Scripture, Church Fathers and contemporary thinkers (e. g. Machiavelli and Erasmus), whose ideas provide him with literary topoi. Merged with the rhetorical techniques, they constitute the political arguments of the treatise and allows the author to express one’s political ideas.

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Shahid, Muhammad Shoaib. "خاندان بنو لہب کے محدثین کا تذکرہ: سندِ حدیث میں موجود نسبت اللھبی کے حوالہ سے A Study of the Muhadditheen of the Banu Lahab Family: Regarding the Al-Lahabi Chain in Sanad al-Hadith". Al-Wifaq 5, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2022): 299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.55603/alwifaq.v5i1.u18.

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In the sciences of Hadith, "Ilm Asma-ul-Rijal" is not less than the rampart for a fort. There are different ways of identifying the narrators of Hadith (Muhadditheen) through this Ilm Asma-ul-Rijal, which include their names, surnames, titles, lineage, attributes, authorship, status and shortcomings. In the topic under discussion, the possible aspects of the title "Al-Lahabi" mentioned in the Isnaad of the hadith have been studied. In this regard, an attempt has been made to know from the titles of the narrators, in the chain of narrators, and their relation with Al-Lahabi lineage whether they belong to the same family of Abu Lahab whose ancestor Abu Lahab’s enmity towards Islam was manifest and whether this family rendered its services to Islam? And among those who have been blessed with this service, only the authentic narrators have been mentioned with reference to the service of Hadith. The main purpose of this research is to determine the place and position of the descendants of Abu Lahab in the Ilm-e-Hadith by mentioning their knowledge and services. These gentlemen are not mentioned in the sources due to their services not being compiled and described. o, they could not get the pride of place which they deserved like the members of any other tribe. Therefore, in this paper, their introduction and their traditions are described so that their narrations can be assessed in the light of the valid rules and regulations of the narration of Hadith instead of prejudice and blind replication. I hope this study will subsequently open the doors for researchers on many aspects such as the social, religious, and political services of this family.

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Zygan, Julia. "Strange Case of the Spin-off and the Classic: An Intertextual Analysis of Valerie Martin’s Mary Reilly". New Horizons in English Studies 8 (23 de diciembre de 2023): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/nh.2023.8.105-118.

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This article aims to analyze Valerie Martin’s novel Mary Reilly (1990) in the context of intertextuality and claims that her work creates a dialogue with its pre-text. Before the analysis, this paper presents a short historical overview of intertextual theories, from the ancient ideas regarding this matter, through the theories that contributed to the coining of the term, to the three directions in which the notion of intertextuality developed – structuralist, poststructuralist, and socio-political. Martin’s text is analyzed in regard to Gerard Genette’s notion of transtextuality, concentrating mainly on one of its categories, hypertextuality; however, the study employs also the theory of spin-offs, arguing that Martin’s text very directly leads the reader towards its one intertextual source. Mary Reilly initiates a dialogue with its main pre-text, Robert Louis Stevenson’s novella Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1886) by redirecting the focus of the already familiar to the reader story and presenting aspects previously omitted in the classic. This text introduces a very specific dynamic between the figures of a father and a daughter. Their relationship is present on the level of the story, but also on the level of authorship, discussing the situation of a female writer. Moreover, this spin-off creates a space for once silenced characters, such as members of the working class, to be finally heard.

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24

Bushra, Mohammed El-Sayed. "A Salafi Pioneer of Saudi Anti-Communism". Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 43, n.º 3 (1 de diciembre de 2023): 398–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-10892754.

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Abstract Scholarship on Saudi involvement in the Cold War emphasizes key developments under King Faisal. This article demonstrates the merits of extending the study of the Saudi role in the Cold War to earlier periods. Examining the career of a little-discussed migrant scholar both prior to and in the early years of the Cold War reveals important precedents that shed light on Saudi Arabia's strategic policy at the height of the Cold War. Barely remembered as the Saudi author of a Salafi da‘wa pamphlet, Muhammad Sultan al-Ma‘sumi al-Khujandi's (1880–1961) legacy stands as testament to the fluidity of reformist Islamic discourses in the early twentieth century. Al-Khujandi's biography is first established before subjecting two aspects of his legacy to closer analysis. First, his authorship of some of the earliest examples of Muslim anti-communist literature in Arabic, providing templates widely replicated during the Cold War. Second, the abortive attempt to instrumentalize his stature in the service of state-legitimation by drawing on preexisting cosmopolitanisms. Though his overzealous commitment to “puritan” Salafism initially curtailed this potential, it soon proved key in his redeployment as an asset in the earliest Saudi experiments in Cold War pan-Islamic solidarity, establishing another template much replicated during the Cold War.

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25

McClimens, Alex y Frances Gordon. "Presentation of Self in E-veryday Life: How People Labelled with Intellectual Disability Manage Identity as They Engage the Blogosphere". Sociological Research Online 13, n.º 4 (julio de 2008): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.1774.

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Very little is known about the online habits of people labelled with intellectual disability. What little information there is focuses more on demographic descriptors rather than any analyses of issues specific to that group. Hence the vast majority of the literature is firmly focused on more generic issues as they affect the general population. Some very few disability dedicated studies, however, have examined homepages maintained by individuals who live with Down syndrome. Here at least is evidence of a field of inquiry that recognises there may be particular aspects of web based communications that deserve special interest. The dynamics of web based communications are fast moving and the relatively static homepage has subsequently given way to Web 2.0 technologies. Here the recent and exponential increase in the popularity of blogging as a means of mass communication has attracted much comment in both popular and specialist quarters. Its ease of use and near universal availability has prompted massive sociological inquiry. But again the profile of people living with intellectual disability is absent from the debate. Our study reports on a project in which adults with intellectual disability were assisted to access the web in general, and the ‘blogosphere’ in particular. Our focus is on the means and methods by which the participants were able to manage their off and online identities. We look at the language employed, the layouts used and the way the online messages and postings reflected or distorted the actual lived experiences of these proto-bloggers. Notions of authorship and audience also contribute to the debate as these issues raise questions about sense of self, disability as a cultural construct and our ability to negotiate the increasingly important virtual world of the web.

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26

GRAF, Emily. "Beyond Party Politics? Visitors and Meaning-Making in the National Museum of Taiwan Literature". Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 34, n.º 2 (diciembre de 2022): 241–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/mclc.2022.0014.

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Visitors are to museums what readers are to texts. Yet little attention has been paid to the reception of literary spaces, such as the National Museum of Taiwan Literature (NMTL), a literature museum established in Tainan in 2003. Going beyond exposing the museum’s political message, this study argues that a constructed sense of belonging to a nation is but one form of identification that comes into play in the museum visit. By juxtaposing production and reception in a two-week window in 2011, this paper shows how politics are written into the museum displays, but also how politics are neglected, confirmed, debated, and rejected by visitors in their spatial readings of the displays. The analysis is based on interviews that inquire about visitors’ concrete experiences. This study examines what motivates visitors to come to the NMTL, which aspects of their visit are most memorable, and to which exhibits visitors ascribe meaning. The reception of the NMTL is then placed into the context of its “authorship” by presenting insights into curatorial practices and planning from the perspective of museum staff, including Director Li Ruiteng. The interviews show that visitors actively select objects to which they assign meaning. I argue that visitors are most likely to choose exhibits with the strongest connection to their everyday life and their personal past. These meanings and experiences can bear a relation to Taiwanese, Chinese, or other forms of collective identities and yet enable them to engage with an identity discourse that is potentially disconnected from politics.

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27

Hidalgo, Alex. "Introduction to the Dialogues on Reproduction and the Mesoamerican Book". Latin American and Latinx Visual Culture 5, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 2023): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/lavc.2023.5.4.55.

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Mesoamerican books inhabit multiple visual and bibliographical spaces that defy simple descriptions and straightforward categorization. Historical annals, divinatory calendars, speeches, poems, and songs informed the history, culture, and ritual life of pre- and post-contact societies. Since the sixteenth century, reproduction of Mesoamerican books has played a role in shaping ideas about race, ethnicity, and culture, as well as effects of settler colonialism in the Americas. Efforts to replicate Mesoamerican books for new audiences, however, have not always followed the same principle. Narratives of exploration, empire, and state formation have often appropriated the Mesoamerican book to fulfill political or religious agendas that have decontextualized the original use of pictorial and alphabetic manuscripts. The themes explored in this Dialogues propose new ways to think about analytical frameworks used to make sense of the content of Mesoamerican books in the eighteenth through twenty-first centuries. Who possessed the intellectual credentials to write about and copy pictorial records? What aspects of Mesoamerican books have made the replication process so complex and contested? How have naming, cataloging, and preservation of manuscripts and their fragments shaped our understanding of ideas of authenticity, originality, authorship, and knowledge? How can digital technologies reshape our experience with pictorial records? Contributors engage with these questions not only to historicize violence and displacement associated with Indigenous books after European contact but to highlight the way the publication of facsimiles helped and continues to help establish intellectual credentials, center historical narratives and popular ideas about culture, and generate funding for individuals and institutions.

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28

Zeltsman, Corinna. "Reinterpreting Mesoamerican Codices in México a través de los siglos". Latin American and Latinx Visual Culture 5, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 2023): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/lavc.2023.5.4.63.

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Mesoamerican books inhabit multiple visual and bibliographical spaces that defy simple descriptions and straightforward categorization. Historical annals, divinatory calendars, speeches, poems, and songs informed the history, culture, and ritual life of pre- and post-contact societies. Since the sixteenth century, reproduction of Mesoamerican books has played a role in shaping ideas about race, ethnicity, and culture, as well as effects of settler colonialism in the Americas. Efforts to replicate Mesoamerican books for new audiences, however, have not always followed the same principle. Narratives of exploration, empire, and state formation have often appropriated the Mesoamerican book to fulfill political or religious agendas that have decontextualized the original use of pictorial and alphabetic manuscripts. The themes explored in this Dialogues propose new ways to think about analytical frameworks used to make sense of the content of Mesoamerican books in the eighteenth through twenty-first centuries. Who possessed the intellectual credentials to write about and copy pictorial records? What aspects of Mesoamerican books have made the replication process so complex and contested? How have naming, cataloging, and preservation of manuscripts and their fragments shaped our understanding of ideas of authenticity, originality, authorship, and knowledge? How can digital technologies reshape our experience with pictorial records? Contributors engage with these questions not only to historicize violence and displacement associated with Indigenous books after European contact but to highlight the way the publication of facsimiles helped and continues to help establish intellectual credentials, center historical narratives and popular ideas about culture, and generate funding for individuals and institutions.

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29

Richter, Kim N., Alicia Maria Houtrouw, Bérénice Gaillemin y Alanna Radlo-Dzur. "Creating the Digital Florentine Codex". Latin American and Latinx Visual Culture 5, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 2023): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/lavc.2023.5.4.101.

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Mesoamerican books inhabit multiple visual and bibliographical spaces that defy simple descriptions and straightforward categorization. Historical annals, divinatory calendars, speeches, poems, and songs informed the history, culture, and ritual life of pre- and post-contact societies. Since the sixteenth century, reproduction of Mesoamerican books has played a role in shaping ideas about race, ethnicity, and culture, as well as effects of settler colonialism in the Americas. Efforts to replicate Mesoamerican books for new audiences, however, have not always followed the same principle. Narratives of exploration, empire, and state formation have often appropriated the Mesoamerican book to fulfill political or religious agendas that have decontextualized the original use of pictorial and alphabetic manuscripts. The themes explored in this Dialogues propose new ways to think about analytical frameworks used to make sense of the content of Mesoamerican books in the eighteenth through twenty-first centuries. Who possessed the intellectual credentials to write about and copy pictorial records? What aspects of Mesoamerican books have made the replication process so complex and contested? How have naming, cataloging, and preservation of manuscripts and their fragments shaped our understanding of ideas of authenticity, originality, authorship, and knowledge? How can digital technologies reshape our experience with pictorial records? Contributors engage with these questions not only to historicize violence and displacement associated with Indigenous books after European contact but to highlight the way the publication of facsimiles helped and continues to help establish intellectual credentials, center historical narratives and popular ideas about culture, and generate funding for individuals and institutions.

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30

Agudelo, Andrés Bustamante. "Enduring Absence". Latin American and Latinx Visual Culture 5, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 2023): 74–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/lavc.2023.5.4.74.

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Mesoamerican books inhabit multiple visual and bibliographical spaces that defy simple descriptions and straightforward categorization. Historical annals, divinatory calendars, speeches, poems, and songs informed the history, culture, and ritual life of pre- and post-contact societies. Since the sixteenth century, reproduction of Mesoamerican books has played a role in shaping ideas about race, ethnicity, and culture, as well as effects of settler colonialism in the Americas. Efforts to replicate Mesoamerican books for new audiences, however, have not always followed the same principle. Narratives of exploration, empire, and state formation have often appropriated the Mesoamerican book to fulfill political or religious agendas that have decontextualized the original use of pictorial and alphabetic manuscripts. The themes explored in this Dialogues propose new ways to think about analytical frameworks used to make sense of the content of Mesoamerican books in the eighteenth through twenty-first centuries. Who possessed the intellectual credentials to write about and copy pictorial records? What aspects of Mesoamerican books have made the replication process so complex and contested? How have naming, cataloging, and preservation of manuscripts and their fragments shaped our understanding of ideas of authenticity, originality, authorship, and knowledge? How can digital technologies reshape our experience with pictorial records? Contributors engage with these questions not only to historicize violence and displacement associated with Indigenous books after European contact but to highlight the way the publication of facsimiles helped and continues to help establish intellectual credentials, center historical narratives and popular ideas about culture, and generate funding for individuals and institutions.

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31

Oliveira, Daniel y Ana Catarina Pereira. "Reconfiguring cinema: Linn da Quebrada and the queer creative act in Tranny Fag". New Cinemas: Journal of Contemporary Film 20, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2022): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ncin_00034_1.

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Thinking of a queer cinema means reflecting on how film, using its aesthetic-narrative strategies, can contribute to the antinormativity, disruption and destabilization of rigid standards of gender and sexuality. Based on the notion that a series of contemporary movies fulfils this goal by focusing on a queer creative act, this article intends to identify this act in Brazilian contemporary cinema, specifically in the aesthetic-political-corporal performance of the singer and multi-artist Linn da Quebrada in the documentary Tranny Fag (Claudia Priscilla and Kiko Goifman 2018). Combining an exercise of film analysis with the methodology proposed by the Filmmakers’ Theory, the investigation aims to examine how the gesture of self-fabulation performed by Linn in the movie – in her speeches, her body and, especially, in the gaze she directs at the camera – in/subverts not only the historical subject–object relationship in documentary production, but also the very tradition of objectification of the trans and black bodies by cinema. Through her words and her performance, she creates a co-authorship dialogue with the filmmaking duo, which establishes the trans body, as well as the inner-city neighbourhoods historically marginalized by audio-visual production, as subjects of the narrative. As a result, the movie walks away from the outdated notion of documentary as a genre in which reality simply happens and is captured by the genius gaze of the director, underlining the mise en scène and the filmmaking aspects inherent to the film – and how Linn is an integral part of their creation.

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32

Polanco, Dominique E. "Renaming the Cuicatec Knowledge in the Codex Porfirio Díaz". Latin American and Latinx Visual Culture 5, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 2023): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/lavc.2023.5.4.90.

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Mesoamerican books inhabit multiple visual and bibliographical spaces that defy simple descriptions and straightforward categorization. Historical annals, divinatory calendars, speeches, poems, and songs informed the history, culture, and ritual life of pre- and post-contact societies. Since the sixteenth century, reproduction of Mesoamerican books has played a role in shaping ideas about race, ethnicity, and culture, as well as effects of settler colonialism in the Americas. Efforts to replicate Mesoamerican books for new audiences, however, have not always followed the same principle. Narratives of exploration, empire, and state formation have often appropriated the Mesoamerican book to fulfill political or religious agendas that have decontextualized the original use of pictorial and alphabetic manuscripts. The themes explored in this Dialogues propose new ways to think about analytical frameworks used to make sense of the content of Mesoamerican books in the eighteenth through twenty-first centuries. Who possessed the intellectual credentials to write about and copy pictorial records? What aspects of Mesoamerican books have made the replication process so complex and contested? How have naming, cataloging, and preservation of manuscripts and their fragments shaped our understanding of ideas of authenticity, originality, authorship, and knowledge? How can digital technologies reshape our experience with pictorial records? Contributors engage with these questions not only to historicize violence and displacement associated with Indigenous books after European contact but to highlight the way the publication of facsimiles helped and continues to help establish intellectual credentials, center historical narratives and popular ideas about culture, and generate funding for individuals and institutions.

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33

Tracy, Derek K., Dan W. Joyce y Sukhwinder S. Shergill. "Kaleidoscope". British Journal of Psychiatry 210, n.º 6 (junio de 2017): 441–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.210.6.441.

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We always hope you enjoy the free journal that comes with your Kaleidoscope subscription. A paper in this month's issue (pp. ) showed that most scales assessing risk performed no better than the clinician/patient predictions following self-harm; this provoked a lively discussion on the journal's Twitter feed. A new paper by Seena Fazel's team explores their utility in criminal justice settings and forensic psychiatry. The authors note how such tools are used to inform critical aspects of patient management such as in-patient detention and discharge, custodial sentencing, parole, and post-release monitoring. This is despite a lack of reliable validation on predictive accuracy, especially in important groups such as women, ethnic minority populations, and those motivated by religious or political extremism. Furthermore, they find the literature is marred by significant publication and authorship bias, and suggest that better-quality data will allow better matching of relevant tools to clinical contexts. This is best exemplified by assessing the balance between optimising false positive v. false negative findings: highly sensitive tools (with low false negatives) may be optimal where ‘protecting the public’ is seen as key, whereas highly specific ones might best protect prisoner and patient rights and interests. Assessment tools have had accusations of implicit discrimination levelled against them, as they commonly capture sociodemographic data – age, gender, ethnicity, immigration status – that risk profiling and perpetuating stigma. But should this information be excluded, especially as some data may improve predictive accuracy? The analogy of racial profiling at airports is put forward: if this helps a limited, but highly contentious, screening resource prevent more atrocities, is it warranted? It's clearly a charged debate, and perhaps that is part of the problem, balancing emotion and fairness with science. In the absence of robust data, we walk the fine line between coarse variables that may perpetuate discrimination, and the risk of their politically driven removal.

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34

Anistratenko, Antonina. "Vasyl Kozhelyankо’s Dramaturgy as a phenomenon of modern Ukrainian literature". Current issues of social sciences and history of medicine, n.º 1 (14 de agosto de 2023): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2411-6181.1.2023.391.

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The purpose of the article is to consider the originality and analyze the plays of V. Kozhelyanko in the context of modern dramaturgy and special subgenre, what is called "plays for reading". The novelty of the study is that the dramaturgical heritage of V. Kozhelyanko (in co-authorship with V. Serdyuk) became the object of a comparative study for the first time and has not yet been systematically introduced into the modern literary process in Ukraine. Research methods used in the article are subject to the comparative principle of presentation of the material, combine descriptive and functional-pragmatic methods of analysis. Conclusions. Architectural and genre-stylistic findings of V. Kozhelyanko in the dramatic genre of writing not only laid the foundation of his creative block, in particular the novel in the genre of alternative history and adventure postmodern and newmodern novels, but also formed a workshop of the latest creative tools used by other modern authors (for example, Neda Neshdana). The plays of V. Kozhelyanko are considered in the key of genre and style analysis. Having analyzed some aspects of dramatic texts (the image of the national hero, historical and political figures in the writer's parodic prose, historical and detective novels and the realization of the chronotope in them as a distinguishing genre marker, emphasis on the mental mistakes of the Ukrainian nation as the leitmotif of the creative intention of V. Kozhelyanko) from the point of view of structural , descriptive, receptive and comparative approaches of literary science, we have good reason to talk about the work of V. Kozhelyanko as an example of high-quality modern neomodernist work of the European level.

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35

Krasil’shchikov, V. "Emerging Countries: New Centres of Power or Colossi with Feet of Clay?" World Economy and International Relations, n.º 6 (2015): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-6-108-117.

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The paper is based upon a review of three new books devoted to the big emerging countries in Latin America and Asia. One of these books was written by the Russian scholar Lev Klochkovskii. The authorship of two other books belongs to Pierre Salama, a well-known French specialist in developing countries. The starting point for consideration of the mentioned works is the fact of convergence between the North and the South. This convergence involves quantitative economic indicators as well as qualitative aspects of development: the rise of innovations and R&D centres, enterprises outputting high-tech goods, etc. All these and some other trends require revision of old concepts of “centre” and “periphery” in the world system. However, the countries under consideration have entered the period of slowdown, and risk to fall into a middle income trap. It means that their development models have been exhausting and need to be profoundly changed. In the case of Latin American countries, the difficulties arisen recently are aggravated by the impact of China. The manufacturing industries in Brazil and Mexico loose competiveness under pressure of goods imported from China. It brings about a relative de-industrialisation of Latin American economies. At the same time, the recent development in China becomes increasingly resembling to the Brazilian situation of the 1970s when the economic growth was mostly advantageous for the upper, upper middle and, partly, middle classes. It led to the deepening of social differentiation and, thereby, restrained the internal market. This trend can be interpreted as “Latin Americanisation” of China. Can the big emerging countries change trajectories of their development? If not, they will appear as the colossi with feet of clay rather than the real centres of economic power.

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36

De Nicola, Bruno. "The Fustat al-‘adala: a Unique Manuscript on the Religious Landscape of Medieval Anatolia". Orientalistica 4, n.º 1 (30 de marzo de 2021): 121–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2021-4-1-121-147.

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The particularities in the political development of medieval Anatolia after the arrival of the Seljuq Turks in the eleventh century resulted in a singular scenario in which a long but steady process of Islamization transformed medieval Anatolia with the majority Christian population into a mostly Muslim territory by the end of the fifteenth century. However, this process of conflict and accommodation affected not only the different religions present in the peninsula but also those confessions that coexisted and competed with each another within each of these religions. The religious diversity of the 13th to 15th cent. Anatolia has also reflected its textual production. Several significant works on kalam and fiqh, in addition to a variety of Sufi texts, were produced during this period. These works often deal with dogma, practices or traditions of their religious confession. But, generally, they do not offer much information on other religious confessions. The manuscript held at the Bibliothèque National de France (Supplément Turc 1120) contains a work which has been identified by Osman Turan as the Fustat al-‘adala and attributed to a certain Muhammad b. Muhammad al-Khatib. The uniqueness of this work is that a part of it is occupied with describing the different ‘heresies’ that were present in Anatolia at the time when the author lived, which appears to be during the lifetime of the last Seljuq Sultan of Rum, Ghiyath al-din Mas‘ud (d. 1308 AD). This introduction will look at this manuscript from both a codicological and thematic perspective. On the one hand, I will discuss certain aspects related to the production of the codex, its authorship and potential patronage. While on the other, the section on heresies contained in the text will be examined to explore what this work can tell us about the religious environment of medieval Anatolia.

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37

Ball, Andrew J. "Affect and Empathy". Screen Bodies 8, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2023): v—vi. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/screen.2023.080101.

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Our summer issue begins with a three-part special section on phenomenologies of perception in screen media. These articles focus on novel technological means of representing embodied, lived experience, as well as ways that visual media can impact embodied spectatorship. Each examines media artworks that attempt to represent the seemingly intangible, such as loss, decay, and temporality. The authors in this section offer nuanced and ethically oriented phenomenologies of vision, motion, and time. In “Projecting the Colors of Vision,” Wendy Haslem discusses how artists working in animation, cinema, and virtual reality use visual media to represent the lived experience of sight loss. Haslem analyzes the “haptic optics” of Yoav Brill's Ishihara (2010), Derek Jarman's Blue (1993), and James Spinney and Peter Middleton's Notes on Blindness (2016) to show how these artists use technological tools and experiments with color to represent diverse, embodied experiences of visual disability, and to encourage “empathic awareness” in viewers. In his article, Yifei Sun critiques the analog-contingent theories of movement put forward by Henri Bergson and Gilles Deleuze. Sun modifies aspects of Deleuze's Cinema 1: The Movement-Image to offer a theory that accommodates the qualities of digital film. Sun considers the possibilities for software art to produce what he calls “voyeuristic authorship” and applies his “ontology of decay” to Marc Lafia and Fang-Yu Lin's The Battle of Algiers (2006). In “Aesthetics of Slowness, Aesthetics of Boredom,” Giulia Tronconi examines slow cinema's phenomenology of time. Tronconi offers an incisive reading of Tsai Ming-liang's films I Don't Want to Sleep Alone (2006) and Days (2020) that reveals how the filmmaker uses “felt duration” as a strategy to cultivate “empathic contemplation” and “respectful observation” in viewers. The author engages with the work of Schopenhauer and Heidegger and with Deleuze's Cinema 2: The Time-Image to explain the political and ethical potential of delaying movement in film.

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Benedittis, Andrea De. "Censorship and autocensorship: Some considerations on the editorial history of the Parhaego". International Journal of Korean History 28, n.º 2 (31 de agosto de 2023): 259–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22372/ijkh.2023.28.2.259.

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In this article, we have examined some aspects of the editing of the Parhaego (Reflections on Parhae). First of all, we have tried to contextualize the work within the panorama of late Chosŏn historiography. In this sense, we have remarked that the work is part of a gradual reshaping of the story of Parhae, rearticulated within the narrative of Chosŏn history. Yu Tŭkkong’s major contribution was not to revolutionize the historical narrative of Korea nor the perception of the Parhae kingdom, but rather to collect all the sources then available for reconstructing the history of the kingdom, enjoying his privileged position within the Kyujanggak (the Royal Library). In considering this, we have observed that despite the apparent liberalism of the Chŏngjo reign, publishing and scholarship were actually under strict surveillance. During this period, the king imposed a ban on the import of books from the Qing Empire and also forced several scholars to correct their literary style. Amid this climate of control and censorship, the editing of the Parhaego took place－a work that had a rather unusual and troubled genesis, being subjected to numerous alterations and corrections since its publication in 1784. Reconstructing the genesis of this book, albeit only partially, may also provide a starting point for further reflections on authorship during this crucial phase of the Chosŏn period, when the book was exposed to possible corrections, rewritings, and expansions, even without the full consent of the original author. This process is particularly evident in the Parhaego, which was not merely historical work, but also highly political as a manifesto giving voice to the policy of reconquering the Northern Territories that was in vogue in those years.

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Streltsov, Alexey. "J. G. Hamann’s Conversion as the Key to His Work". Ideas and Ideals 15, n.º 4-1 (25 de diciembre de 2023): 56–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2023-15.4.1-56-72.

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The article deals with the mechanism of the religious conversion of the 18th century Königsberg writer J.G. Hamann as well as the infl uence of this event on his subsequent literary activity characterized by an insightful critique of the Enlightenment project. In his autobiography not geared toward the public, this conversion has features of a typical Pietist conversion with its peculiar language as well as normative accents on feelings along with the lowered role of reason. His debut work “Socratic Memorabilia”, however, which was addressed to I. Kant and I.K. Berens, served as vindication of his new “Weltanschauung”, and enables one to interpret his conversion as a transition to a new conceptual scheme with its own distinct interpretation of texts, ideas, and events. Theological-philosophical foundations of Hamann’s conversion have greater signifi cance than its psychological aspects. Within this framework, the former life is then viewed from a different perspective. However, it is the text and the author behind the text (rather than internal feeling of the heart) that is primary to Hamann. This text presupposes subsequent authorship of Hamann himself. Thus, the London conversion experience of Hamann may not be reduced to ecstasy, elimination of cognitive and rational capacities, but rather viewed as “metanoia”, a change of thinking, way of life, and worldview. From this perspective it is more appropriate to view the ensuing philosophical career of Hamann as activity in a different framework rather than conceptualization of personal experience of conversion. While his efforts were directed at a variety of subjects (theology and philosophy of history, aesthetics, philosophy of language, correlation of faith and reason, critique of political basis of the Enlightenment), the very thrust of his thinking was governed by a conceptual scheme, which in turn also implied a different lifestyle (attitude to professional activity, family, and marriage), incongruent with the conventional notions of the time.

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40

Stezhenskaya, Lidiya. "Protestant Missionary Accounts of Chinese Secret Societies in the Beginning of the 19th Century". Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, n.º 2 (2023): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080024726-5.

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The paper examines the earliest information by Europeans concerning activities of the secret societies–traditional public organizations that have played a significant role in history of China and continues to be a phenomenon of public life in China and abroad. By analogy with the “colonial school” of the studies of secret societies in China, it is proposed to single out the earliest period of the Protestant historiography of secret societies, tentatively designating it as a “missionary school” of William Milne and Robert Morrison. Amendments are done to the available bio-bibliographic data on Milne’s publications in The Indo-Chinese Gleaner. The authorship and time of the reports on secret societies in China delivered by R. Morrison at the Royal Asiatic Society are clarified. Milne’s reports indicated that the secret societies were anti-government, and some of them were anti-Qing. However, he did not notice the slogans for the restoration of the late Chinese Ming dynasty. The purpose of the destruction of the Qing dynasty is directly expressed in the materials of R. Morrison, which also talked about the hope for help from the spirits of the Ming emperors. It is noted that the ‘Mason paradigm’ of the study of secret societies proposed by W. Milne was based on the similarity of some formal aspects in their activities with the practice of the Freemason Society in Great Britain. At the same time, W. Milne pointed out the differences in the social status and social role of such societies in Europe and in China.

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Weinstock, Alexander. "Das umgeschriebene Genie. Zum Verhältnis von literarischem Autorschaftsdiskurs und Schriftpraktiken im Theater". Journal of Literary Theory 16, n.º 1 (28 de abril de 2022): 51–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jlt-2022-2016.

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Abstract The present article proposes, as its successively developed tool of analysis, a combination of literary, theatre historical and manuscriptological approaches, which then reveal the extent to which the study of written artefacts may further our understanding of collaborative models of (literary) creation, analysed along with their corresponding practices. Authorship is often understood, on the one hand, as a discursively produced phenomenon – as an ensemble of attributes that are not only ascribed to any producer of literary texts, but are also demanded of them, and which, at the same time, are supposed to guarantee the quality of their literary ›products‹. By contrast, the present article focuses on a level of concrete practices at which, instead of a lone individual, a plurality of actors contributing to a literary text may be identified. This text, in turn, should be considered not as an inviolable work of art produced by a single entity but as an object of utility used by many, at least in those instances where it is functionally incorporated into a dynamic ensemble of technical, aesthetic and social requirements, norms and expectations, where, in other words, it becomes the basis for a theatre performance. As this article argues, the inclusive approach just described, as well as its consequences regarding questions of authorship and textual work, can be fully identified only in specific textual artefacts found at the centre of the eighteenth-century manuscript culture shaping the literary theatre of that time. Accordingly, the contrast between, on the one hand, discourses and practices (sketched more fully below) and the various understandings of authorship, on the other, can be located in historical terms: In the present article, it is sought out and analysed based on those stretches of history during which the various notions began to emerge with great formative power. In the case of the discourse of single authorship, this decisive phase is the Sturm und Drang period with its concurrent aesthetics of genius; the corresponding practice is that of a wholly literary theatre, already mentioned, which is founded on a dramatic text now considered binding; and the corresponding textual artefact is the prompt book, which adapts that textual foundation to the needs of a theatrical production (and which, at that time, is often the only book containing all of the dramatic text). Ultimately, this article is focused on the hypothesis that, upon closer consideration of the materiality of the textual artefact, the dramatic text, which usually is considered the work of a single auctorial consciousness, may reasonably prove a work of many hands. And indeed, various actors contribute, by different theatrical and manuscript practices, to the adaptation of the dramatic text to the conditions and requirements of the stage, without being placed, however, in a position of authorship comparable to that of the ›classic‹ author. More often than not, they remain unmarked and can only be differentiated – e. g., with regard to their hierarchical relationships – through an analysis of the artefacts themselves, their contexts of use and institutional framework. As this analysis suggests, prompt books in use were in a state of continuous revision, based on various intra- and extra-theatrical factors. Individual revisions include different kinds of corrections such as deletions, additions or pastings, as well as traditional elements of Western manuscript cultures or symbols and abbreviations specific to the theatre. It also becomes clear that the changes made in this way are by no means final but, being the material equivalent of theatrical and thus ephemeral processes, are only ›valid until revoked‹, i. e., they may be changed again at any time. These changes, which in the written record are usually effected by several hands (especially when a prompt book has been used for several productions), therefore could be considered as a kind of ›updates‹ on the original text, as theatre professionals keep a prompt book that is in use up to date. And even though such prompt books are standardised, to an extent, by the requirements of theatrical procedure, these updates individualise each written artefact which in turn exhibit both their revisions and their various dynamics in a two-tiered material performance. There are many reasons for introducing changes to the dramatic text. Aspects of theatrical practice may come into play, such as when there are fewer actors available than are needed to fill all roles, or when the text at hand is too long and deletions have to be made. Even poetological concerns and others – often closely related – with the aesthetics of theatre can occasion such changes. Theatrical depictions of sexuality and violence are a case in point, as they may be addressed and/or portrayed too directly (e. g., when lines spoken onstage are too explicit or events depicted are too drastic, either would have to be ›softened‹). In cases of doubt, the audience’s reaction would draw attention to sequences in need of such ›softening‹. And lastly, there were demands for changes originating not from the theatrical sphere, per se, such as in the case of political censorship. From a manuscriptological perspective, the present article considers the specific practices of updating and revising prompt books, as well as the interplay of the factors motivating or demanding those changes. In order to be able to identify and assess those factors in terms of their relative importance, a contextual background in literary theory and theatre history is needed; this will facilitate the placing of the textual artefacts under consideration in their cultural, social and institutional contexts. By following this interdisciplinary approach, the present article investigates the requirements and representational modes of single authorship within the discursive framework of the aesthetics of genius, as well as the various and contrasting ways of dealing with individual texts as they are adapted in theatrical terms, i. e., are rewritten and updated constantly. The article proposes an analytical framework, which is then demonstrated by way of example. This framework serves to make the various characteristics and functions, the material dynamics and concrete uses of prompt books – both as literary texts and as the focal points of theatrical and manuscript practices – accessible and methodologically suitable for further historical and systematic investigation and discussion.

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Arutyunova-Fidanyan, Viada. "Clarifying the term “Chalcedonian Armenians”". St. Tikhons' University Review. Series III. Philology 77 (25 de diciembre de 2023): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturiii202377.11-30.

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The ethnic self-consciousness of the Armenian ethnos, which passed the peak of ethnogenesis at the end of the first millennium BC, was ensured by the common origin, language and territory, common historical memory, continuity of state-political formations, cultural traditions and customs. Armenia is one of the oldest Christian states, and the Christianisation of the country in the early 4th century introduced a new cementing component into the Armenian identity. Wars with Mazdean Iran and later with the Muslim world, the struggle for fatherland and the struggle for faith cemented ethno-cultural and ethno-political identity. Armenia was one of the first countries to enter the Universal Church of the Christian East. Armenians participated in three Ecumenical Councils: the Council of Nicaea (325), the Council of Constantinople (381) and the Council of Ephesus (431), but did not attend the Fourth Council of Chalcedon (451) because of the war with Iran. The acts of the Council of Chalcedon, which reached Armenia much later, divided Armenians into two confessional directions — supporters and opponents of the Chalcedonian oros; the latter suspected in it hidden Nestorianism and did not recognise the supremacy of the Patriarch of Constantinople, while their opponents accused them of heresy. The emergence of Armenian writing in the early 5th century and the phenomenon of the «Golden Age» — the unprecedented rise of Armenian literature after the invention of the alphabet — determined for centuries the ethnic identity of Armenians, the unity of which was most universally and concretely reflected in the ethnic term «Armenian» (հայ, hay, ἀρμένιος). That is why the designation of the supporters of the Chalcedonian oros as Armenians-«Romaeans» and Armenians-«Georgians» did not find an adequate explanation for a long time. The term «Chalcedonian Armenians» was introduced in the early XX century by N. Y. Marr, as a designation of Armenians, called in the sources of XI–XV centuries «Romans» or «Ivirs», depending on their belonging to the Greek or Georgian Church. This hypothesis posed an important problem in Orientalism, caused continuous discussions and, accordingly, initiated further research. In recent decades, various aspects of the problem of the Chalcedonian Armenians (political, social, administrative, theological, polemical, historiographical) have attracted the attention of researchers; however, there is a range of issues that are unexplored or controversial. The term «Chalcedonite Armenians» proposed by N. Y. Marr instead of «Armenians-Romeans» and «Armenians-Ivirs» remained the most debatable issue for a long time. The aim of this paper is to clarify the content of the term «Chalcedonian Armenians» and, accordingly, the use of double ethnonyms in medieval sources, which served the emergence of this term in Modern times, i.e. to study the chronology and authorship of these sources.

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Yermishina, Nadezhda D. y Marina I. Smirnova. "The GOELRO Plan Creators: Robert Eduardovich Klasson". Vestnik MEI, n.º 6 (2021): 152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/1993-6982-2021-6-152-162.

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The 100th anniversary of the GOELRO Plan has spurred a growing interest in the topic and has become an information occasion for many publications of both scientific and popularization nature.The GOELRO Plan’s study historiography has a vast space, which began to emerge in parallel with the implementation of the plan itself. The first publications date back to the 1920s and 1930s. Their authors were direct participants who considered the electrification matters in historical and practical aspects. At that time, a lot of publications of markedly propagandistic nature were issued.In the late 1940s and 1950s, the GOELRO Plan attracted the attention of professional researchers. In the period from the second half of the 1950s to 1980s, generalizing papers of historians were prepared, in which the GOELRO Plan began to be considered not only based on an analysis of technical and economic characteristics, but also from the standpoint of political and social significance, with placing focus on the "party leadership" and Lenin's role in its development.In the modern Russian historiography, an interest in the GOELRO Plan history has been retained, especially in regard of aspects that were inaccessible to Soviet researchers.In the historiography of the last decade, a great deal of attention is paid to the human factor in the development and implementation of the GOELRO Plan in terms of "historical and anthropological turn in humanitarian thought". One of the debating matters is the GOELRO Plan "authorship", in which several conceptual approaches have emerged, and no unambiguous opinion has been formed. In our opinion, the research line related to the participation of the Russian engineering community members in the development and further implementation of the GOELRO Plan that is based on a personal-biographical approach should be considered among the promising ones.The purpose of the article is to analyze the role of Robert Eduardovich Klasson (1868-1926) in the development and implementation of plans for electrification of pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary Russia, including the GOELRO Plan.Klasson was one of the first electrical engineers in Russia. He initiated and implemented the construction of the Russia's first district power plant "Elektroperedacha". This plant operated on peat, which was a local cheap fuel, and an overhead power line was for the first time laid from this plan, which was capable of transmitting electricity over a distance of more than 70 kilometers. Klasson's engineering activity can be viewed as a historical projection of the personal and professional factors in the fateful events of the Russian history. Klasson’s life is an example of civic responsibility to his people and the importance of the role of an engineer in the scientific and technical development of Russia.

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Kozlov, A. E. "Satirical Weekly “Iskra”: Post-Folklore, Post-Irony and Post-Modern". Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 20, n.º 6 (11 de agosto de 2021): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-6-19-34.

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Purpose. The reputation of the satirical weekly Iskra is traditionally determined by the political context of the Russian Empire in 1860s. Despite the fact that in the first years of its existence, the publication attracted writers of various fractions, views, and convictions, Iskra was perceived as a radical magazine, “…another department of Sovremennik”. Moreover, Iskra’s defamations and attacks against provincial and capital officials, and writers have become an inte gral part of the everyday life of the 1860s. Individual articles and whole issues have been banned and censored, though this policy only promoted and strengthened the reputation of weekly. Later, reflecting the importance of the magazine, the Soviet literary criticism established a typological relationship between Iskra by Kurochkines brothers and the left-wing newspaper of the same name published by V. I. Lenin at the beginning of the 20th century. This article attempts to reinterpret Iskra, implying a “weakening” of the sociological and political aspects of interpretation in favor of the aesthetic ones.Results. The article put forward a hypothesis that publications such as Charivari, Punch, and Iskra can be considered from perspective of modern discursive practices: post-folklore (the phenomenon of variable text and multiple authorship), post-modernity (discrediting the classical heritage or its carnival rethinking) and post-irony (deconstruction of modern leaders of opinion, self-exposure). Based on the study of prosaic and poetic parodies and satire, graphic texts - cartoons and serials (comics), the author analyzes the specificity of the construction and presentation of Russian reality as an anti-world. The article contains fragments of prose and poetic feuilletons by D. D. Minaev, V. P. Burenin, and M. Stopanovsky, many of which are published for the first time.Conclusion. Iskra as a product of the polemical journalism of the Russian Empire in 1860s displayedan experience of a new aesthetics (a kind of anti-aesthetics), synthesizing schoolchildren (cartoons) and decadent subcultures (Baudelaire translations). Apparently, the 8000 subscribers included not only a radical and democratic reader but also a general audience, equally tired of the official tone of government periodicals and the moralizing of the progressive camp. Demonstrating Russian life as the so-called ‘antiworld’, Iskra proposed a version of “carnival liberation”, which was probably reflected in the poetics of many contemporaries: M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, N. S. Leskov, F. M. Dostoevsky. In this regard, the issue of post-folklore, post-modernism, post-truth, and post-irony on the pages of Iskra rather remained unresolved. However, the change in perspective, it seems to us, enables reinterpretation of the previously collected data, allowing us to give a new interpretation.

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45

Kulesha, Nadiia. "«Ukrainische Korrespondenz» (Vienna, 1917—1918) about the Ukrainian revolution: sources of information and specifics of content". Proceedings of Research and Scientific Institute for Periodicals, n.º 10(28) (enero de 2020): 146–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37222/2524-0331-2020-10(28)-10.

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The article studies the problems of covering the revolutionary developments of 1917―1918s in Ukraine in the Ukrainian influential German-language magazine «Ukrainische Korrespondenz». Established and issued by the Main Ukrainian Rada, it actively reacted to the revolutionary transformations in the Russian Empire in 1917. It primarily covered processes of state changes in the Great (Russian-controlled) Ukraine, specifically the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917―1921s. «Ukrainische Korrespondenz» aimed to familiarize readers with these developments. Its editors used as sources information of the Ukrainian, Russian, the digest of the West European press, as well as own analytical materials. At first, it had to use borrowed informations, because the Ukrainian Press Bureau was established in Vienna only in August 1917. At that time the editors of the magazine were able to use materials of its own correspondents. In reporting the Ukrainian Revolution the editorial office preferred materials received from the Russian officials and the party press, which it considered objective. On the contrary, the materials from the Polish press were considered as unreliable, biased, and even fabricated. Most analytical materials regarding the solution of the Ukrainian cause, the editors drew from the German press. The latter was most interested in a positive outcome of the Ukrainian nationstate aspirations. A minor segment among the foreign press publications as a source in coverage of the issue of the Ukrainian Revolution was the French press. This could be explained by that the concept of «Ukraine» was a taboo in France at that time. The growing interest to the Ukrainian question in France happened only with the beginning of the revolutionary events in Russia. News has been received with a considerable delay, its own analytical materials on this topic mainly belonged to V. Kalynovych. The information about the course of developments in Ukraine, changes in social and political life of the country coexisted with a justification of historical background necessary for these changes. Publications on the Ukrainian question relating to the revolutionary events in the Russian Empire and in the Russian Ukraine were gleaned by the German press authorship. The Austrian and German statesmen, political figures, as well as scholars focused on historical aspects of the Ukrainian history and predicted decisions for the development of the Ukrainian state. Materials of the Russian press, reprinted on the pages of the magazine, focused exclusively on clarifying a flow of developments. The bulk of publications of «Die Ukraine» covered issues of the Ukrainian question on the territory of the Eastern Galicia. They illuminated the revolutionary changes in the Great Ukraine, and considered it as a catalyst for positive nation-state decisions in the Western Ukraine. Keywords: Ukrainian, «Ukrainische Korrespondenz», Germanspeaking, Russian, Polish, French press, information, revolutionary events, Ukrainian statehood, Ukrainian question.

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46

Thomalla, Erika. "Ich und mein Dämon. Unfreiwillige Kollaborationen und die Konstitution weiblicher Autorschaft in Bettina von Arnims Goethe’s Briefwechsel mit einem Kinde ". Journal of Literary Theory 16, n.º 1 (28 de abril de 2022): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jlt-2022-2017.

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Abstract The paper argues that the ways in which editors shape cultural perceptions of authors, or their works, are only partially evident from theoretical writings and testimonies. Programmes and practices of editing often do not coincide, they can even contradict each other. This is not necessarily due to a lack of consistency, but to the fact that there is an inherent logic to editorial practice that is sometimes not even fully reflected upon by the professionals and experts within the community. What is needed, it is argued, is a praxeological approach that looks at the practices of selecting and editing, framing and medially placing texts, as well as the social, economical and political aspects of editions in concrete historical constellations. Thus, fundamental tensions that characterize the practice of modern editing since the beginning become visible. In the nineteenth century, a notion of editorship as a purely reproductive activity emerged. Editors were not allowed anymore to make any interventions in the texts. However, this concept of editorship contrasted with the idea that the editor should become a second maker, by not only replicating the original creative activity, but claiming to be able to understand the author better than the author understands him- or herself. The collaborative practice of editorship therefore equally works in favour of the author and against the author. Bettina von Arnim’s literary debut Goethe’s Briefwechsel mit einem Kinde (1835) is used as an example to illustrate this basic problem of modern editorship. In Arnim’s work, different functions and programmatics of editorship come together. Goethe’s Briefwechsel mit einem Kinde is situated between a poetic form of appropriation and a poeto-philological practice of editing. It is both an act of memorialization and an attempt by the editor to secure a place for herself in the literary field. Through her editing of the letters and their arrangement, Arnim initially places herself in the role of one of Goethe’s imaginary sister: At the end of the first part of the correspondence, Arnim is asked by Goethe’s mother to write down the story of Karoline von Günderrode. Thus, she composes a female Wertheriade. In the second part, Arnim stages herself as the poet’s muse by putting words into her own mouth in the letters to Goethe that later reappear in his poems. Finally, Arnim repeatedly slips into the role of Goethe’s female characters and continues their stories on her own authority. While the second part of the correspondence ends with Goethe’s death, the third part, the Tagebuch (Diary), becomes the initiation of Arnim’s own authorship. Here the dialogue turns into a monologue. The logic of inspiration is reversed: Arnim becomes a poet kissed and blessed by the muse Goethe. Owing to its fictional elements, Goethe’s Briefwechsel mit einem Kinde has tended to be regarded in German-studies scholarship as an epistolary novel or artistic adaptation rather than as an ›edition‹ in the proper sense of the word. This article, on the contrary, argues that the book illuminates a fundamental contradiction of modern editing precisely because of its intermediate status between philology and poetry. Editorial activities always aim to establish an authentic speech and a specific form of authorship. Even as nineteenth-century editorial philology formed an ethos that prohibited purposeful interference with the text, the editors still claimed to become second creators. This led to self-contradictions that have not been discussed within philology for a long time. Arnim’s poetical edition Goethe’s Briefwechsel mit einem Kinde makes this contradiction visible by exaggerating it: She pursues the hubris of being able to understand the author better than he understands himself in an excessive form.

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47

Korduba, Piotr. "Między monografią a koneserstwem. Badania nad polskim dizajnem XX i początków XXI wieku". Artium Quaestiones, n.º 32 (15 de diciembre de 2021): 5–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/aq.2021.32.1.

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The text aims to describe currents, tendencies and fields of interest in design history studies in Poland, which grew in number around the year 2000. There are several characteristic patterns to be observed. First of all, despite the fact that the pioneering monograph on the subject appeared in 1978 (I. Huml), one can still observe terminological diversity, with various terms, such as applied arts and design, being used as synonyms. Secondly, looking at the history of the research, one may draw up a calendar of key events (publications, exhibitions) which led to the development and/or consolidation of the basic vision of Polish design from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st century, related primarily to the political and artistic history of the country. Thirdly, the increase in historical knowledge on the subject has been generated not only by different environments but also in the context of diverse institutions (academic and museum research, art market, collecting/connoisseurship). Consequently, the research conducted so far has been methodologically diversified, influenced by different goals and results. As a result, in the social reception there is a specific coexistence of projects of a scientific, popular science and commercial nature. A critical point in the dynamics of research was marked by two events which took place at the beginning of the 21st century: the exhibition Rzeczy pospolite and the subsequent publication (2000/2001), and founding of the quarterly “2+3D” (2001). Another marked increase in initiatives has occurred since the end of the 2000s. The demand for knowledge about design history is also, to some extent, animated by the art market. On the one hand, old design collecting generates a spontaneous exchange of messages on social media, while on the other, it stimulates the creation of reliable popular science studies. Research on Polish design has been dominated by the perspective of art history, usually in its traditional version focusing on style as well as the artistic and theoretical context, and highlighting issues of uniqueness and individual authorship, which prevail over functional, technological or social aspects in the discourse. Consequently, there has been no approach that would perceive Polish design and its multiple contexts as a dynamic system, a set of practices and mediations, such as the approach proposed several years ago by Grace Lees-Maffei (Production-Consumption-Mediation Paradigm) for design history. Such a perspective would enhance and stress the importance of research on the relations between various actors in the Polish design community, such as institutions (educational, experimental and research, manufacturing), transmitters (exhibitions, advice) and mediators between production and consumption.

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48

Shalina, Marina. "The Pre-Siberian Period in the Biography of F. M. Dostoevsky in New Documentary Research (Review of the Collective Monograph: New Archival and Printed Sources of the Scientific Biography of F. M. Dostoevsky. St. Petersburg, The Russian Christian Academy for the Humanities Publ., 2021. 260 p.)". Неизвестный Достоевский 9, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2022): 262–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j10.art.2022.6482.

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The peer-reviewed collective monograph is a series of articles, each of which, filling a certain lacuna of the least studied first half of F. M. Dostoevsky's life, is an example of a real investigation of confusing, unclear or completely distorted facts about the writer and his genealogy based on a strict systematization of the already known and newly discovered documentary sources. The main body of articles and the appendix were prepared by the project manager B. N. Tikhomirov, three sections — with the participation of E. D. Maskevich, and one — in co-authorship with N. A. Tikhomirova. The study includes various aspects that in one way or another influenced the formation of the personality and worldview of the classic, and his artistic system. The reader will learn numerous new details not only about Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, but also about his milieu (father, brothers, especially Mikhail, with whom he was closest; fellow students, teachers and colleagues in the Main Engineering School and the Drawing Room of the Engineering Department), as well as about the collisions of this period, the vicissitudes of the time of Dostoevsky's entry into the literary circle, months of imprisonment in the Peter and Paul Fortress, and the details of sending convicted Petrashevites to Siberia. Through the prism of the writer's scientific biography, little-known facts of Russia’s history and culture are revealed to the general public, i. e., the peculiarities of the education system (using the example of the educational process at the Main Engineering School) and the provision of material assistance from the imperial treasury to the families of political prisoners, including Mikhail Dostoevsky. The literary block of the study included a scrupulous analysis of the reading circle of the young Dostoevsky, which in a certain sense determined the features of his artistic poetics: the book “One Hundred and Four Sacred Stories of the Old and New Testaments” by I. Gibner, as well as Gothic novels by A. Radcliffe, and numerous “pseudo-Radcliffians.” Many archival documents reflected in the monograph are published and introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The logical conclusion of the data added by the authors to the scientific biography of Dostoevsky of the preSiberian period was the first complete publication of the memoirs written by Baron A. E. Rizenkampf, a friend of the writer's youth, with a commentary by B. N. Tikhomirov, which supplements and corrects certain points in the previous editions of the memoirs. The importance of the reviewed monograph cannot be overestimated. It seems necessary to continue the monumental work of the authors to fill in the gaps in the scientific biography of F. M. Dostoevsky.

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Shishkin, Dmitry V. "Dialogue with «the leader»: letters and notes to G. E. Zinoviev as a means of communication between citizens and authorities. 1918–1921". Herald of an archivist, n.º 1 (2024): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2024-1-85-97.

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The article examines the practice of communication between the population and G. E. Zinoviev, the first chairman of the Petrograd Soviet after the October Revolution, during the Civil War (1918-1921). Based on the material of written appeals to the leader ("letters to the authorities") the problematic components of the public image of the head of the local government and their solutions within the framework of Zinoviev's campaigning activities. Researchers had previously used this type of source mainly to reconstruct public sentiment in subsequent eras of New Economic Policy and Industrialization, without focusing on the importance of this form of dialogue with the population for the authorities themselves during the period of war communism, especially at the regional level. The article describes three types of written appeals: letters and notes received at meetings. Analyses of both type based on the peculiarities of the communicative situation in which the appeals were written: the possibility of establishing authorship, the proximity of the authors to the addressee at the time of creation, the format of the appeal and its goals. The study analyzed 349 records (142 letters and 207 notes) from G. E. Zinoviev's personal funds stored in the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF) and the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History (RGASPI); in the funds of the departments headed by him during the specified period, in the Central State Archive of St. Petersburg (CGA SPb). For letters, the most common motives for their appearance are identified: the plight of the author and his family; dissatisfaction with the work of Soviet, party and military bodies; the desire to acquire a certain position in society (a place in the service, in the Red Army); the reaction to Zinoviev's speech or publication of employees–intellectuals. As an important underlying motive, the desire of the authors of the letters to establish personal contact with the leader through a meeting or to emphasize a previous acquaintance was revealed, which may illustrate a crisis of trust in society to the authorities or the lack of a culture of written appeal. The popular aspects of criticism of the head of the Petrograd Soviet contained in letters and notes are highlighted: privileges in the supply of food, the use of personal vehicles, Jewish origin and the discrepancy of statements with policy. In the final part of the article, Zinoviev's self-presentation techniques are analyzed in the context of the above-mentioned criticism. Such a characteristic feature is noted as the use of the letters received by the leader to demonstrate solidarity with the population, as well as the consonance of the claims made to him with his own criticism of the "attached" communists.

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50

Adriansen, Inge. "Grundtvigs bidrag til udvikling af danske nationale symboler". Grundtvig-Studier 57, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2006): 67–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/grs.v57i1.16493.

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Grundtvigs bidrag til udviklingen a f danske nationale symboler[Grundtvig ’s contribution to the development of Danish national symbols]By Inge AdriansenBroadly speaking, all Danish national symbols, both official and unofficial, are to be found in Grundtvig’s authorship. However, it is difficult to specify in what way and to what degree Grundtvig inspired the dissemination of the various symbols. The most important routes of dissemination were through Den Danske Salmebog [The Danish Hymnal] and Folkehøjskolens Sangbog [The Folk-highschool Songbookl. since the corrmosition of songs weighs heaviest in Grundtvig’s literary production. This is owing to his strong belief in the significance of song in educating the people, and to his talent for bringing to life the message of song in oral form. Since both the Hymnal and the Highschool Songbook continue to be published in revised editions, they have contributed to securing Grundtvig’s significance.Grundtvig’s hymns have often been perceived as the expression of something very Danish. Therefore he was almost entirely excluded from the first hymnal produced for the Danish-speaking congregations in the Duchy of Schleswig after its incorporation into Prussia in 1867. Some of Grundtvig’s hymns were characterised by Bishop Theodor Kaftan of Schleswig-Holstein as politically dubious and having Danish national colouring.After North Slesvig’s reunification with Denmark in 1920, Grundtvig’s hymn Den signede Dag [The blessed day] gained a special status. It was sung both at the meetings in January and February before the plebiscite and at the reunification festivities over the spring and summer. When, after the summer vacation, the schools reopened under Danish leadership, Den signede Dag was everywhere sung as the first moming-hymn. The children of Slesvig were in no doubt that Grundtvig was referring to Denmark in the final verse, which begins: “Nu rejser vi til vort Fadreland” [Now journey we to our fatherland]. In Grundtvigian homes in Slesvig the hymn was often sung at family festivities, and here it was that the tradition developed of standing up during the final verse - out of respect for the homecoming to fatherland and nation.The most significant contribution to the history of folk-education in Denmark is Grundtvig’s unitary view over hymn, historical ballad, and songs of fatherland and of folk-life. This achieves its expression in the Highschool Songbook which was first published in 1894 and has ever since helped set the norms for other Danish songbooks. The latest edition of the Highschool Songbook (from 1989) is the seventeenth, and here there are 119 songs by Grundtvig. This is 21% of the songbook’s 572 songs, and it shows that Grundtvig’s image-world continues to put its stamp upon representations of Danishness. This 17th edition was printed in over 500,000 copies, and thereby the Highschool Songbook became the Danish songbook published in the largest impression.Grundtvig has been the most significant generator of historical consciousness in Denmark, but it is a problem that only a small part of his enormous authorship and complex world of ideas is usually presented to us. At certain periods of his life Grundtvig was what many today would perceive as nationalistic. But it should be emphasised that he always stressed that Danishness has an historical and a geographical delimitation. Unfortunately there is little space within national symbolism for such complexity, and his metaphorical language was so multivalent that it has not been suited to being transposed into easily grasped symbols.Even so, this obscure metaphorical language has had a decisive significance in the development of Danish national symbolism. This is attributable in particular to the fact that Grundtvig managed to create that special interweaving of Christian, national and social identities which many Danes experience as being a matter of course and more or less of natural origin, something which has been here since the dawn of time.[Editors' note: Such terms as folkeopdragelse and folkeliv, here rendered as ‘folk-education’ and ‘folk-life’, confront Gr's translators with a special difficulty. The element folk- has little to do with the English term ‘folk-’, as in ‘folk-song’ and ‘folk-art’ with its implication of rustic or peasant provenance. Nor can it always be satisfactorily translated as ‘national’ or ‘popular’ though these can be aspects of its meaning. It essentially relates, in Grundtvigcontexts, to Gr's concept of folkelighed [‘folkliness’]: a form of social cohesion achieved by way of thinking and of conducting one's life in an enlightened and benevolent awareness of the mutual obligations and shared commitments and aspirations of a people or community identifiable by such cultural markers as a common history and a common language. In principle an inclusive concept, it nevertheless always had a potential to become exclusive in practice.]

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