Tesis: "Australian Infantry"

1

Jordan, Lucas Tom. "A Few Daring Men: Stealth Raiders of the Australian Infantry, 1918". Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/116798.

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In 1918 a few daring low ranking Australian infantrymen, alone among all the armies on the Western Front, initiated stealth raids without orders. This thesis examines this distinct but neglected group. Stealth raiders killed Germans, captured prisoners and advanced the line. They were held in high regard by other men of the lower ranks and feared by the Germans facing them. Since the official historian CEW Bean laid down his pen in 1942, historians have not considered the distinctive character and motivation of these men. The premise of this thesis is that such men should not be forgotten. Bean called stealth raids, “peaceful penetration” but this thesis argues that the name is inappropriate because “peaceful penetration” was a term that higher command used, sometimes for actions other than stealth raids. The term did not emanate from the original stealth raiders. The thesis is the most comprehensive account yet written on stealth raids. Using first-hand accounts in official archives and private records in Australia and overseas, the thesis asks who were stealth raiders? Why did they do it? How significant were their actions? The thesis answers these questions using a historical narrative and analysis that describes all the stealth raids uncovered during the research. The account considers the stealth raiders’ war experience and training, the unprecedented topographic and environmental conditions at the front, and the quality and morale of the German Army in 1918. It also goes beyond these to consider the influence of Australian civil society and in particular the “bush ethos”. The thesis is original not only for its primary narrative, but also because it undermines the contemporary fashion of dismissing the importance of bush skills and the bush ethos in the AIF. It demonstrates that bush skills gave some stealth raiders an edge and that the bush ethos, with its high premium on resourcefulness and initiative contributed to making stealth raids a distinctively Australian phenomenon.

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2

Williamson, Annita. "The role of the 22nd Australian Infantry Battalion in World War II /". Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2005. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arw7291.pdf.

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3

Freemantle, Cecily Jane. "Indicators of infant and childhood mortality for indigenous and non-indigenous infants and children born in Western Australia from 1980 to 1997 inclusive". University of Western Australia. School of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2003.0020.

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[Truncated abstract. Please see pdf format for complete text.] Background : The excess burden of mortality born by young Indigenous Australians and the disparity in infant and childhood mortality between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians have been well documented. The accuracy and completeness of national data describing the health of Indigenous Australians is inconsistent. The Western Australia (WA) Maternal and Child Health Research Database (MCHRDB), is a linked total population database that includes perinatal maternal and infant data, and infant and childhood morbidity and mortality data. Overall, these data are more than 99% complete, with a similar high level of completeness and validity for Indigenous Western Australians. Aim : The aim of this thesis is to measure Indigenous infant (0 to <1 year) and childhood (>=1 to <19 years) mortality and the disparity between Indigenous and non-Indigenous infants and children in WA for birth cohorts from 1980 to 1997 inclusive. To achieve this aim a number of secondary aims were identified, including the measurement of certain maternal and infant variables, and the age-specific, all-cause and cause-specific mortality for WA infants and children. Method : The study comprises a longitudinal birth cohort study, the primary data source being the MCHRDB. Data included on the MCHRDB are complete for all births in WA from 1980 onwards, with new birth cohorts linked on an annual basis. Maternal and infant variables and the geographical location of the residence and the time of birth and death were included in the descriptive and multivariate analyses. Each infant and childhood death was coded using a three-digit code developed primarily for research purposes. The descriptive analyses of mortality referred to the probability of dying in infancy and in childhood as the cumulative mortality risk (CMR), for various diseases and various population subgroups. Age-specific childhood rates were also calculated. The results of multivariate analyses included the fitting of Cox and Poisson regression models, and estimates of effect were represented as hazard ratios (Cox regression) and relative rates (Poisson regression). Results : Between 1980 and 1997, births to Indigenous mothers accounted for 6% of total WA births. Approximately 46% of Indigenous births were to mothers living in a remote location compared to 9% of non-Indigenous births. Indigenous mothers gave birth at an earlier age (30% of births were to teenage mothers compared to 6% of non-Indigenous births), and were more likely to be single than non-Indigenous mothers (40% Indigenous, 9% non-Indigenous). Indigenous infants had more siblings, were born at an earlier gestation and with a lower birth weight and percentage of expected birth weight. The CMR for Indigenous infants was 22 per 1000 live births compared with 6.7 for non- Indigenous infants, a relative risk (RR) of 3.3 (95%CI 3.0, 3.6). While there was a decrease in the CMR over the birth year groups for both populations, the disparity between the rate of Indigenous and non-Indigenous infant mortality increased. The Indigenous postneonatal (>28 to 365 days) mortality rate (11.7 per 1,000 neonatal survivors) was higher than the neonatal (0 to 28 days) mortality rate (10.3 per 1,000 live births). This profile differed from that for non-Indigenous infants, where the neonatal mortality rate (4.3 per 1,000 live births) was nearly twice that of the postneonatal mortality rate (2.4 per 1,000 neonatal survivors). The main causes of infant mortality among Indigenous infants were potentially preventable. These causes were infection followed by Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), which differed from the main causes for non-Indigenous infants, sequelae of prematurity and birth defects. The CMR attributable to SIDS increased over the years amongst Indigenous infants and decreased significantly over the years in the non-Indigenous population. Furthermore, the disparity in mortality between the two populations increased and, in 1995 to 1997, was over seven times higher amongst Indigenous infants. The CMR was highest amongst infants living in remote locations for all causes of death except for Indigenous deaths attributable to SIDS, where the risk of death was highest amongst infants living in metropolitan locations. With the exception of infection, there was no difference in cause-specific mortality amongst Indigenous infants according to geographical location. Indigenous infants living in a remote location were at a significantly increased risk of death due to infection compared with their peers living in a rural or metropolitan location. The risk of death for Indigenous children was more than three times higher than for non-Indigenous children. This risk was significantly increased when most of the perinatal maternal and infant variables were considered.

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4

Whiteford, Chrystal Michelle. "Early child care in Australia : quality of care, experiences of care and developmental outcomes for Australian children". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/81298/1/Chrystal_Whiteford_Thesis.pdf.

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In early childhood research, one of the most debated topics is that of early child care. This thesis draws upon data from Growing Up In Australia: The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children to explore the role of early child care in Australia. It examines the quality of early child care accessed by infants, the patterns of child care use across the early years and the impact of early child care experiences on academic, social-emotional and health outcomes at 6 to 7 years of age. Results indicate child care experiences vary considerably and suggest early child care experiences may have both positive and negative impacts upon later developmental outcomes.

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5

Walker, Kate. "Trends in birthweight and infant weights : relationships between early undernutrition, skin lesions, streptococcal infections and renal disease in an Aboriginal community /". Connect to thesis, 1996. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/2406.

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Undernutrition in prevalent in Aboriginal communities, in utero, infancy and childhood. It influences childhood morbidity and mortality and growth patterns. Undernutrition and poor socio-economic status also contribute to endemic and epidemic infectious disease, including scabies and streptococcal infection. It has been suggested that early undernutrition, and streptococcal and scabies infection are risk factors for renal disease, which is at epidemic levels and increasing. This thesis examines the prevalence of undernutrition in newborns and infants in an Aboriginal community over time, and its impact on childhood growth and child and adult renal markers. The association between skin lesions, streptococcal serology, post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) and renal markers as evaluated through a community wide screening program in 1992-1995 is also examined. Birthweights have increased since the 1960s, but they are still much lower than the non-Aboriginal values. Weights in infancy have decreased since the 1960s. At screening in childhood stunting was common, reflecting the presence of long-term poor nutrition in infancy. In both adults and children, birth weight and infant weights were negatively associated with albuminuria measured by the albumin to creatine ratio (ACR).

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6

Featherstone, Lisa. "Breeding and feeding: a social history of mothers and medicine in Australia, 1880-1925". Australia : Macquarie University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/38533.

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Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Humanities, Department of Modern History, 2003.
Bibliography: p. 417-478.
Introduction: breeding and feeding -- The medical man: sex, science and society -- Confined: women and obstetrics 1880-1899 -- The kindest cut? The caesarean section as turning point -- Reproduction in decline -- Resisting reproduction: women, doctors and abortion -- From obstetrics to paediatrics: the rise of the child -- The breast was best: medicine and maternal breastfeeding -- The deadly bottle and the dangers of the wet nurse: the "artificial" feeding of infants -- Surveillance and the mother -- Mothers and medicine: paradigms of continuity and change.
The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries saw profound changes in Australian attitudes towards maternity. Imbibed with discourses of pronatalism and eugenics, the production of infants became increasingly important to society and the state. Discourses proliferated on "breeding", and while it appeared maternity was exulted, the child, not the mother, was of ultimate interest. -- This thesis will examine the ways wider discourses of population impacted on childbearing, and very specifically the ways discussions of the nation impacted on medicine. Despite its apparent objectivity, medical science both absorbed and created pronatalism. Within medical ideology, where once the mother had been the point of interest, the primary focus of medical care, increasingly medical science focussed on the life of the infant, who was now all the more precious in the role of new life for the nation. -- While all childbirth and child-rearing advice was formed and mediated by such rhetoric, this thesis will examine certain key issues, including the rise of the caesarean section, the development of paediatrics and the turn to antenatal care. These turning points can be read as signifiers of attitudes towards women and the maternal body, and provide critical material for a reading of the complexities of representations of mothers in medical discourse.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
478 p

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7

Gibberd, Alison. "Multigenerational perinatal outcomes among Western Australian Aboriginal infants: a total population linked data study". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/19579.

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This thesis aims to identify reasons for the persistently poor perinatal health of Aboriginal infants using linked routinely-collected data. Multigenerational studies using such data are possible with Western Australia’s (WA) database of family relationships. Health records of Aboriginal infants born in WA from 1980 to 2011 and their relatives’ records were linked. Two methodological challenges are examined, followed by risks to perinatal health within a single generation, then over two generations. The first challenge followed a discovery that 18% of the children did not have a birth registration. Their mothers were more likely to be young and from remote areas. From a research perspective, this disadvantaged group are more likely to be excluded from studies using this dataset. The second challenge was the inconsistent recording of Aboriginal status in datasets and the poor understanding of the relative performance of algorithms used to identify who is Aboriginal. The consistency with which the algorithms assigned Aboriginal status to family members was assessed. The best-performing algorithm was then supplemented with relatives’ information to further improve consistency. Third, the contribution of maternal health behaviours to perinatal health was estimated. Of 28,119 births from 1998 to 2010, 27% of infants were small for gestational age (SGA), preterm, and/or died perinatally. Half (51%) of the infants were exposed in utero to maternal smoking, alcohol misuse, drug misuse, and/or assault and 37% of SGA births, 16% of preterm births, and 20% of perinatal deaths were attributable to these factors. Finally, fetal programming has been put forward as a contributor to poor health in indigenous populations. It refers to a fetus’ response (including growth restriction) to a hostile uterine environment, which has lifelong effects and, potentially, affects her offspring in turn. However, any causal relationship between maternal and offspring fetal growth is confounded by shared genetic and environmental factors. Two family-based approaches addressed this confounding; they provided little support for a hypothesis of heritable fetal disadvantage. In conclusion, significant improvements in fetal health can be expected when maternal risk factors shift, unconstrained by the mother’s own fetal history.

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8

Laidlaw, Valerie. "The development of the infant school in the South Australian school system, 1875-1925 /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09EDM/09edml185.pdf.

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9

Giglia, Roslyn Carmel. "Alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking by Australian women: changes with pregnancy and lactation". Thesis, Curtin University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/750.

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The consumption of alcohol and smoking of cigarettes are both common practices in Australian society. With continued public health efforts exposure to both alcohol and nicotine during pregnancy has diminished, however little is known about exposure to these toxins in the postnatal period and the effect on the breastfed infant. To investigate the pattern of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking in the postnatal period and the effect on breastfeeding outcomes, a longitudinal study was conducted in two public hospitals with maternity wards in Perth, Australia. Data for the Perth Infant Feeding Study (PIFSII) were collected from 587 mothers between mid-September 2002 and mid-July 2003. While in hospital participating mothers completed a self-administered baseline questionnaire. Follow-up telephone interviews were conducted at 4, 10, 16, 22, 32, 40 and 52 weeks. Data collected included sociodemographic, biomedical, hospital related and psychosocial factors. Further analysis of alcohol data was undertaken on the 1995 and 2001 National Health Survey (NHS) data sets to provide a national perspective. Alcohol and smoking related data were analysed and described using frequency distributions, means and medians. Univariate logistic regression was used to screen for potentially significant variables for subsequent incorporation in the multivariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the effect of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking on breastfeeding outcomes prenatally, antenatally and postnatally, after adjusting for factors identified in the literature as being associated with breastfeeding initiation and duration. The relationship between smoking status and breastfeeding duration was determined using survival analysis.Analysis of the relationship between breastfeeding duration and the level of postpartum intake was investigated using a Cox hazards model with repeated measures for alcohol consumption. Results showed that: 1. PIFSII. During pregnancy approximately 32% of women stopped drinking alcohol. Thirty five percent of pregnant women continued to consume alcohol during their pregnancy with 82.2% of these women consuming two or fewer standard drinks per week. At 4, 6 and 12 months postpartum, 46.7%, 47.4% and 42.3% of breastfeeding women were consuming alcohol, respectively. 2. NHS. Sixteen point four percent and 1.3% of pregnant women from the 1995 and 2001 NHS, respectively were consuming more than that recommended in ‘Guideline 11’ from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (ie >7 standard drinks/week). 3. NHS. Thirteen percent of lactating mothers from the 1995 NHS and 16.8% from the 2001 NHS were consuming seven or more standard drinks of alcohol in the reference week, thus exceeding the NHMRC recommended level. 4. PIFSII. After 6 months of follow up, women who consumed alcohol at levels of more than two standard drinks per day were almost twice as likely to discontinue breastfeeding earlier than women who drank below these levels (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1, 3.0). 5. PIFSII. With regard to smoking, 226 (39%) of mothers reported smoking pre- pregnancy. Mothers who smoked were more likely to have a partner who smoked, to have consumed alcohol prior to pregnancy and less likely to attend antenatal classes.They were also less likely to know how they were going to feed their baby before conception and be more inclined to consider stopping breastfeeding before four months postpartum. 6. PIFSII. Women who smoked during pregnancy had a lower prevalence and shorter duration of breastfeeding than non-smoking mothers (28 weeks versus 11 weeks, 95% CI: 8.3-13.7). This effect remained even after adjustment for age, education, income, father’s smoking status, mother’s country of birth, intended duration of breastfeeding >6 months and birth weight (risk ratio HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.08). 7. PIFSII. Two hundred and twenty six (39%) mothers reported smoking prior to pregnancy and 77 (34%) of these stopped smoking during pregnancy. Quitting smoking during pregnancy was significantly associated with breastfeeding for longer than six months (OR = 3.70, 95% CI 1.55 to 8.83; p<0.05). The results of the present study suggest a negative association between drinking alcohol in the postpartum period and breastfeeding outcomes. Similarly, smoking cigarettes before, during and after pregnancy negatively affects breastfeeding. There is a need for guidelines outlining the safe intake of alcohol during lactation and for the cessation of cigarette smoking in the prenatal and antenatal period.

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10

Giglia, Roslyn Carmel. "Alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking by Australian women: changes with pregnancy and lactation". Curtin University of Technology, School of Public Health, 2007. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18768.

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The consumption of alcohol and smoking of cigarettes are both common practices in Australian society. With continued public health efforts exposure to both alcohol and nicotine during pregnancy has diminished, however little is known about exposure to these toxins in the postnatal period and the effect on the breastfed infant. To investigate the pattern of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking in the postnatal period and the effect on breastfeeding outcomes, a longitudinal study was conducted in two public hospitals with maternity wards in Perth, Australia. Data for the Perth Infant Feeding Study (PIFSII) were collected from 587 mothers between mid-September 2002 and mid-July 2003. While in hospital participating mothers completed a self-administered baseline questionnaire. Follow-up telephone interviews were conducted at 4, 10, 16, 22, 32, 40 and 52 weeks. Data collected included sociodemographic, biomedical, hospital related and psychosocial factors. Further analysis of alcohol data was undertaken on the 1995 and 2001 National Health Survey (NHS) data sets to provide a national perspective. Alcohol and smoking related data were analysed and described using frequency distributions, means and medians. Univariate logistic regression was used to screen for potentially significant variables for subsequent incorporation in the multivariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the effect of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking on breastfeeding outcomes prenatally, antenatally and postnatally, after adjusting for factors identified in the literature as being associated with breastfeeding initiation and duration. The relationship between smoking status and breastfeeding duration was determined using survival analysis.
Analysis of the relationship between breastfeeding duration and the level of postpartum intake was investigated using a Cox hazards model with repeated measures for alcohol consumption. Results showed that: 1. PIFSII. During pregnancy approximately 32% of women stopped drinking alcohol. Thirty five percent of pregnant women continued to consume alcohol during their pregnancy with 82.2% of these women consuming two or fewer standard drinks per week. At 4, 6 and 12 months postpartum, 46.7%, 47.4% and 42.3% of breastfeeding women were consuming alcohol, respectively. 2. NHS. Sixteen point four percent and 1.3% of pregnant women from the 1995 and 2001 NHS, respectively were consuming more than that recommended in ‘Guideline 11’ from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (ie >7 standard drinks/week). 3. NHS. Thirteen percent of lactating mothers from the 1995 NHS and 16.8% from the 2001 NHS were consuming seven or more standard drinks of alcohol in the reference week, thus exceeding the NHMRC recommended level. 4. PIFSII. After 6 months of follow up, women who consumed alcohol at levels of more than two standard drinks per day were almost twice as likely to discontinue breastfeeding earlier than women who drank below these levels (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1, 3.0). 5. PIFSII. With regard to smoking, 226 (39%) of mothers reported smoking pre- pregnancy. Mothers who smoked were more likely to have a partner who smoked, to have consumed alcohol prior to pregnancy and less likely to attend antenatal classes.
They were also less likely to know how they were going to feed their baby before conception and be more inclined to consider stopping breastfeeding before four months postpartum. 6. PIFSII. Women who smoked during pregnancy had a lower prevalence and shorter duration of breastfeeding than non-smoking mothers (28 weeks versus 11 weeks, 95% CI: 8.3-13.7). This effect remained even after adjustment for age, education, income, father’s smoking status, mother’s country of birth, intended duration of breastfeeding >6 months and birth weight (risk ratio HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.08). 7. PIFSII. Two hundred and twenty six (39%) mothers reported smoking prior to pregnancy and 77 (34%) of these stopped smoking during pregnancy. Quitting smoking during pregnancy was significantly associated with breastfeeding for longer than six months (OR = 3.70, 95% CI 1.55 to 8.83; p<0.05). The results of the present study suggest a negative association between drinking alcohol in the postpartum period and breastfeeding outcomes. Similarly, smoking cigarettes before, during and after pregnancy negatively affects breastfeeding. There is a need for guidelines outlining the safe intake of alcohol during lactation and for the cessation of cigarette smoking in the prenatal and antenatal period.

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11

Mcguire, Julianne. "Exploring barriers and enablers in early childhood education and care services to meet Australian infant feeding guidelines". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/201105/1/Julianne_McGuire_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis studies infant and young child feeding in Early Childhood Education and Care services in Australia, an environment of increasing importance to the child population. It examines policies and practices highlighting the need for visibility, support and collaboration in infant feeding in the first 1000 days to support ongoing health and development. It uniquely gives voice to experience of assessors as well as educators and families in eliciting strategies for increasing awareness and support for optimal infant and young child feeding practices in Early Childhood Education and Care.

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12

Knox, Catherine University of Ballarat. "Navigating their way : how do women with hospitalised premature infants perceive their roles in regional special care nurseries?" University of Ballarat, 2006. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/12790.

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"Improved survival rates for premature infants have resulted in extended hospital stays in neonatal nurseries with consequent challenges for mothers assuming a parental role. Additionally, maternal medical complications associated with surgical birth, and a need to locate themselves in unfamiliar clinical environments, exacerbate women's experiences and transition to a maternal role competes with other roles at this time. For women living in rural and regional areas, who experience premature birth, there is additional hardship due to isolation, distance and limited support services. There has been little research on women's experiences with infants in special care nurseries in regional Australia."--(leaf ii).
Master of Nursing

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13

Knox, Catherine. "Navigating their way : how do women with hospitalised premature infants perceive their roles in regional special care nurseries?" Thesis, University of Ballarat, 2006. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/57544.

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"Improved survival rates for premature infants have resulted in extended hospital stays in neonatal nurseries with consequent challenges for mothers assuming a parental role. Additionally, maternal medical complications associated with surgical birth, and a need to locate themselves in unfamiliar clinical environments, exacerbate women's experiences and transition to a maternal role competes with other roles at this time. For women living in rural and regional areas, who experience premature birth, there is additional hardship due to isolation, distance and limited support services. There has been little research on women's experiences with infants in special care nurseries in regional Australia."--(leaf ii).
Master of Nursing

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14

Knox, Catherine. "Navigating their way : how do women with hospitalised premature infants perceive their roles in regional special care nurseries?" University of Ballarat, 2006. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/14625.

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"Improved survival rates for premature infants have resulted in extended hospital stays in neonatal nurseries with consequent challenges for mothers assuming a parental role. Additionally, maternal medical complications associated with surgical birth, and a need to locate themselves in unfamiliar clinical environments, exacerbate women's experiences and transition to a maternal role competes with other roles at this time. For women living in rural and regional areas, who experience premature birth, there is additional hardship due to isolation, distance and limited support services. There has been little research on women's experiences with infants in special care nurseries in regional Australia."--(leaf ii).
Master of Nursing

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15

Watt, Mary R. "The 'stunned' and the 'stymied' : The P.O.W. experience in the history of the 2/11th Infantry Battalion, 1939-1945". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1996. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/966.

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Stimulated by a pronouncement of Joan Beaumont that prisoners of war are a neglected subject of historical inquiry this thesis undertakes an empirical and analytical study concerning this topic. Within the context of the prisoner of war experience in the history of the 2/11th Infantry Battalion during the Second World War, it puts a case for including non-operational strands of warfare in the body of Australian official military history. To facilitate this contention the study attempts to show the reasons for which historians might study the scope and range of the prisoner of war experience. Apart from describing the context and aims of the study, the paper utilizes Abraham Maslow's theory of a hierarchy of needs to highlight the plight of prisoners of war. Amongst the issues explored are themes of capture, incarceration and recovery. Suggestions are made to extend the base of volunteer soldiers curriculum in favour of a greater understanding of the prisoner of war and an awareness that rank has its privileges. In addition to the Official Records from the Australian War Memorial, evidence for the study has been drawn mainly from the archive of the 2/11th Infantry Battalion, Army Museum of Western Australia, catalogued by the writer as a graduate student, December 1992, and military literature that were readily available in Perth. At every opportunity the men are allowed to speak for themselves thus numerous and often lengthy quotations are included.

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16

Boshoff, Jacobie. "Towards facilitating change in occupational therapy managers' perceptions of early intervention service delivery in South Australia". Pretoria : [s.n.], 2002. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07082008-161801.

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17

Bussey, Katherine Anne. "The Work of Infant and Toddler Specialists in University-based Early Childhood Teacher Education in Australia and Aotearoa, New Zealand". Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2018. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/ac272dfa6f13781e2fee58f1dbb4ed54395a3ccd7c60b2f112c2fea0658d6d54/7890212/BONE_2017_THESIS.pdf.

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This doctoral thesis is a qualitative case study of the work of six university-based infant and toddler teacher educators in Australia and Aotearoa, New Zealand. Research literature is presented to locate the study within early childhood teacher education as a cultural phenomenon in its institutionalised form. This thesis explores issues related to status, professionalisation, and the education of teachers, who work with infants and toddlers, and reflects the growing awareness of the importance of infant and toddler curriculum in teacher education programs. Conceptually the study is positioned within Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT). This conceptual framework was chosen in order to explore the motive object of activity of the collective subject of teacher educators within early childhood teacher education. It is also acknowledged, and addressed within the thesis, that issues that are specific to the early childhood field of status and professionalisation are situated within a broader context of how relations operate between workers and employers under capital. However, in this thesis, I have used CHAT primarily as an analytic device. Each of the six participants was interviewed individually; focus conversations were also held in the two countries. Extracts from individual interviews in the other country were used as provocations in each of the focus conversations. Qualitative data analysis followed a process of iterative analysis of codes and categories. Deductive coding using CHAT concepts followed inductive analysis of further categories. Through exploring the story of the work of infant and toddler teacher educators in Australia and Aotearoa, New Zealand it became apparent that this thesis is a continuing story of struggle, resistance and advocacy in their work (Rockel, 2013). Findings showed that the participants in the study were involved in a series of enduring contradictions that continually frustrated the expansion of their object of activity as a collective subject, and in turn, their outcome in their activity system. Their object of activity in this activity system was to increase prominence, credibility, and acknowledgment of the needs of infant and toddler curriculum and pedagogy in early childhood teacher education, the aim being to gain their outcome, of high-quality care for infants and toddlers in extra-familial care and education in Australia and Aotearoa, New Zealand. The findings demonstrated that the long-standing sociohistorical contradictions that the participants experienced through the early childhood field impacted on their work. There are enduring and sedimented contradictions in the early childhood field related to an ambivalence of the presence of infants and toddlers in non-parental care and education. At the same time, as academics, they were also negotiating struggles against deprofessionalisation in teacher education. These issues eventuated post-merger of teacher education institutions from colleges of education into universities. Expectations for teacher educators changed; research outputs were required to increase without provision of any additional support. The findings established that the participants struggled to give greater prominence to infant and toddler curriculum and pedagogy in early childhood teacher education in their work in universities in Australia and Aotearoa, New Zealand. This struggle took various forms and is evidenced by the continual silencing experienced by the participants when they engaged in advocating for greater credibility of infant and toddler curriculum and pedagogy in early childhood teacher education. A contribution of this thesis is that it clarifies the conditions of infant and toddler curriculum and pedagogy content in early childhood teacher education in Australia and Aotearoa, New Zealand. It argues that infant and toddler curriculum and pedagogy knowledge is crucial specialist knowledge essential to early childhood teacher education programs inclusive of children from birth to five years of age, offered in universities. A second contribution is the evidence presented to support the argument that advocacy is the way in which the participants in the study held their work together. Advocacy was a key concept within the nature of their work as infant and toddler specialists in early childhood teacher education. It is recognised that historically advocacy has been fundamental to the struggle of working against the ambivalence towards infants and toddlers in the early childhood field. Therefore, what this thesis identifies is that little has changed; advocacy continues to be the primary focus of the work of infant and toddler teacher educators as they resist the ongoing ambivalence towards infants and toddlers in the early childhood field.

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18

Bussey, Katherine Anne. "The work of infant and toddler specialists in university-based early childhood teacher education in Australia and Aotearoa, New Zealand". Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2017. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/9c6600fef5294bc45120637fd8a95c5cce4a6d88ad78d3ff9cac4f3734b5be02/4468354/Katherine_Bussey_PhD_Thesis_FINAL.pdf.

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Infants and toddlers are the fastest-growing group of children enrolled in early childhood education around the world. This thesis describes the work of infant and toddler specialist teacher educators in university-based early childhood teacher education in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand. This thesis explores issues related to status, professionalisation, and the education of teachers, who work with infants and toddlers, and reflects the growing awareness of the importance of infant and toddler curriculum in teacher education programs. Conceptually the study is positioned within Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT). Findings showed that the participants in the study were involved in a series of enduring contradictions that continually frustrated the expansion of their object of activity as a collective subject, and in turn, their outcome in their activity system. Their object of activity in this activity system was to increase prominence, credibility, and acknowledgment of the needs of infant and toddler curriculum and pedagogy in early childhood teacher education, the aim being to gain their outcome, of high-quality care for infants and toddlers in extra-familial care and education in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand. Long-standing sociohistorical contradictions in the early childhood field impacted on their work. It argues these teacher educators engage in multiple forms of advocacy, in an effort to increase the recognition of the needs of infants and toddlers and to lift the status of educators who work with them. It contributes new knowledge about our understanding of the work of teacher education, and its own issues of status and de-professionalisation.

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19

Wyndham, Diana Hardwick. "Striving for National Fitness: Eugenics in Australia 1910s to 1930s". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/402.

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Eugenics movements developed early this century in more than 20 countries, including Australia. However, for many years the vast literature on eugenics focused almost exclusively on the history of eugenics in Britain and America. While some aspects of eugenics in Australia are now being documented, the history of this movement largely remained to be written. Australians experienced both fears and hopes at the time of Federation in 1901. Some feared that the white population was declining and degenerating but they also hoped to create a new utopian society which would outstrip the achievements, and avoid the poverty and industrial unrest, of Britain and America. Some responded to these mixed emotions by combining notions of efficiency and progress with eugenic ideas about maximising the growth of a white population and filling the "empty spaces". It was hoped that by taking these actions Australia would avoid "racial suicide" or Asian invasion and would improve national fitness, thus avoiding "racial decay" and starting to create a "paradise of physical perfection". This thesis considers the impact of eugenics in Australia by examining three related propositions: 1. that from the 1910s to the 1930s, eugenic ideas in Australia were readily accepted because of concerns about declining birth rate; 2. that, while mainly derivative, Australian eugenics had several distinctive Australian qualities; 3. that eugenics has a legacy in many disciplines, particularly family planning and public health. This examination of Australian eugenics is primarily from the perspective of the people, publications and organisations which contributed to this movement in the first half of this century. In addition to a consideration of their achievements, reference is also made to the influence which eugenic ideas had in such diverse fields as education, immigration, law, literature, politics, psychology and science.

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20

Wyndham, Diana Hardwick. "Striving for National Fitness: Eugenics in Australia 1910s to 1930s". University of Sydney, History, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/402.

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Eugenics movements developed early this century in more than 20 countries, including Australia. However, for many years the vast literature on eugenics focused almost exclusively on the history of eugenics in Britain and America. While some aspects of eugenics in Australia are now being documented, the history of this movement largely remained to be written. Australians experienced both fears and hopes at the time of Federation in 1901. Some feared that the white population was declining and degenerating but they also hoped to create a new utopian society which would outstrip the achievements, and avoid the poverty and industrial unrest, of Britain and America. Some responded to these mixed emotions by combining notions of efficiency and progress with eugenic ideas about maximising the growth of a white population and filling the "empty spaces". It was hoped that by taking these actions Australia would avoid "racial suicide" or Asian invasion and would improve national fitness, thus avoiding "racial decay" and starting to create a "paradise of physical perfection". This thesis considers the impact of eugenics in Australia by examining three related propositions: 1. that from the 1910s to the 1930s, eugenic ideas in Australia were readily accepted because of concerns about declining birth rate; 2. that, while mainly derivative, Australian eugenics had several distinctive Australian qualities; 3. that eugenics has a legacy in many disciplines, particularly family planning and public health. This examination of Australian eugenics is primarily from the perspective of the people, publications and organisations which contributed to this movement in the first half of this century. In addition to a consideration of their achievements, reference is also made to the influence which eugenic ideas had in such diverse fields as education, immigration, law, literature, politics, psychology and science.

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21

Souza, Liziane Kugland de. "The magic pudding : a verbal and pictorial translation". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/170382.

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A partir de minha tradução para o português brasileiro de The Magic Pudding (1918), novela infantil australiana escrita e ilustrada por Norman Lindsay, o objetivo desta dissertação é demonstrar as peculiaridades da tradução de literatura infantil ilustrada. Portanto, este estudo analisa o papel das ilustrações na tradução, enquanto levanta questões sobre a adaptação literária em uma época em que novos meios e tecnologias de leitura competem com o livro impresso pela atenção infantil. Como O Pudim Mágico é a primeira tradução da novela para o português, e devido à importância das ilustrações na narrativa, é proposta uma tradução estrangeirizada para que elementos da cultura e da natureza australianas, especialmente alimentos e animais, permaneçam visíveis no texto de chegada. Pelas mesmas razões, tanto o texto propriamente dito quanto as ilustrações são tratados como textos, respectivamente, verbal e pictórico, em oposição aos peritextos verbal e pictórico acrescentados ao texto de chegada. Este estudo é dividido em quatro capítulos: 1) apresentação da biografia e obra do autor, bem como do contexto em que The Magic Pudding foi escrito, seguida pelo resumo detalhado da novela, uma discussão sobre as peculiaridades da tradução para crianças e, baseadas principalmente em Lawrence Venuti e Gérard Genette, as justificativas para a abordagem estrangeirizante com o emprego de elementos peritextuais; 2) apresentação das estratégias de Javier Franco Aixelá para a tradução de itens culturais-específicos para discutir o tratamento de nomes próprios contendo significados culturais; considerando o leitor-alvo, é sugerido o acréscimo de elementos peritextuais, tais como novas ilustrações combinadas com um prefácio verbal, a fim de evitar o emprego de notas de rodapé; 3) análise da influência da ilustrações de Lindsay na tradução, com sugestões para o tratamento do texto verbal de chegada; 4) discussão sobre tópicos de adaptação e transmidiação de literatura infantil, com sugestões para tratar os textos verbal e pictórico na transposição de O Pudim Mágico de meio impresso a digital; com base principalmente nos estudos de Lars Elleström e Ellen McCracken, dispositivos digitais de leitura como o Amazon Kindle e o Apple iPad são analisados, concluindo-se que o texto-alvo é considerado uma tradução em formato impresso, uma remidiação em formato para Kindle e uma transmidiação em formato para iPad.
Based on my unpublished translation of The Magic Pudding (1918), Australian children’s novel written and illustrated by Norman Lindsay, this thesis aims at demonstrating the peculiarities of translating illustrated children’s literature. Therefore, it analyses the role of the illustrations in the translation while raising questions on literary adaptation at a time when new reading media and technology compete with the printed book for children’s attention. Given that O Pudim Mágico is the first translation of the novel into Portuguese and due to the importance of the illustrations in the narrative, I propose a foreignised translation to preserve Australia’s cultural and natural elements, in particular foods and animals, visible in the target text. For the same reasons, both the text proper and the illustrations are regarded as texts, respectively verbal and pictorial, in opposition to the verbal and pictorial peritexts added to the target text. This study is divided into four chapters: 1) a presentation of the author’s biography and oeuvre, as well as of the context in which The Magic Pudding was written, followed by a detailed summary of the novel, a discussion on the peculiarities of translating for children and, mainly based on Lawrence Venuti and Gérard Genette, a justification for the foreignising approach with the employment of peritextual elements; 2) a presentation of Javier Franco Aixelá’s strategies to translate culture-specific items in order to discuss the treatment of proper names that hold cultural meanings; considering the target reader, the addition of peritextual elements, such as new illustrations combined with a verbal preface, is suggested as a means to avoid the employment of footnotes; 3) an analysis of the influence of Lindsay’s illustrations on the translation with suggestions for the treatment of the verbal target text; 4) a discussion on issues of adaptation and transmediation of children’s literature, with suggestions for treating the verbal and pictorial texts in the transposition of O Pudim Mágico from printed to digitised media; based mainly on the studies by Lars Elleström and Ellen McCracken, digital reading devices such as Amazon Kindle and Apple iPad are analysed to conclude that the novel’s target text is deemed to be a translation in print format, a remediation on Kindle and a transmediation on iPad. Keywords: Adaptation. Australian Literature. Children’

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22

Thompson, Susannah Ruth. "Birth pains : changing understandings of miscarriage, stillbirth and neonatal death in Australia in the Twentieth Century". University of Western Australia. School of Humanities, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0150.

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Feminist and social historians have long been interested in that particularly female ability to become pregnant and bear children. A significant body of historiography has challenged the notion that pregnancy and childbirth considered to be the acceptable and 'appropriate' roles for women for most of the twentieth century in Australia - have always been welcomed, rewarding and always fulfilling events in women's lives. Several historians have also begun the process of enlarging our knowledge of the changing cultural attitudes towards bereavement in Australia and the eschewing of the public expression of sorrow following the two World Wars; a significant contribution to scholarship which underscores the changing attitudes towards perinatal loss. It is estimated that one in four women lose a pregnancy to miscarriage, and two in one hundred late pregnancies result in stillbirth in contemporary Australia. Miscarriage, stillbirth and neonatal death are today considered by psychologists and social workers, amongst others, as potentially significant events in many women's lives, yet have received little or passing attention in historical scholarship concerned with pregnancy and motherhood. As such, this study focuses on pregnancy loss: the meaning it has been given by various groups at different times in Australia's past, and how some Australian women have made sense of their own experience of miscarriage, stillbirth or neonatal death within particular social and historical contexts. Pregnancy loss has been understood in a range of ways by different groups over the past 100 years. At the beginning of the twentieth century, when alarm was mounting over the declining birth rate, pregnancy loss was termed 'foetal wastage' by eugenicists and medical practitioners, and was seen in abstract terms as the loss of necessary future Australian citizens. By the 1970s, however, with the advent of support groups such as SANDS (Stillbirth and Neonatal Death Support) miscarriage and stillbirth were increasingly seen as the devastating loss of an individual baby, while the mother was seen as someone in need of emotional and other support. With the advent of new prenatal screening technologies in the late twentieth century, there has been a return of the idea of maternal responsibility for producing a 'successful' outcome. This project seeks to critically examines the wide range of socially constructed meanings of pregnancy loss and interrogate the arguments of those groups, such as the medical profession, religious and support groups, participating in these constructions. It will build on existing histories of motherhood, childbirth and pregnancy in Australia and, therefore, also the history of Australian women.

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23

Bar-Zeev, Sarah Jane. "The quality of maternal and infant health services and their utilisation by remote dwelling aboriginal families in the top end of Australia". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10459.

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Aim The objective of this thesis was to investigate the quality of maternal and infant health services and their utilisation at the primary and referral level, by remote dwelling Aboriginal mothers and their infants. Methods Mixed methods were used. Health service use and the quality of service delivery were examined in a retrospective cohort study of 412 Aboriginal women during pregnancy, birth and postpartum and their infants (n=413) during the first year. In addition, 60 interviews were conducted with clinicians and 120 hours of participant observation were undertaken at regional hospital and remote health centres. Results Poor maternal and infant health outcomes, high demand for antenatal and infant care in the remote setting with insufficient staffing and system-wide deficiencies in the quality and coordination of care were identified. Conclusions The resourcing and organisation of health services and the beliefs, attitudes and practices of clinicians were important factors affecting the quality of care in these settings. A significant change to the organisation of services should be seen as a priority for health care planners. Service redesign based on continuity of care, adequate resourcing of services, work load reform including more efficient use of the Aboriginal Health Worker, child health nurse and midwifery workforce and the integration of community-based health service delivery could play a substantial role in improving outcomes.

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24

Wilson-Ali, Nadia. "An unfamiliar face, an unfamiliar environment: Investigating educators’ understanding of their attachment relationships with infants and toddlers in Early Childhood Education and Care settings". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2018. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2135.

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Attachment theory has influenced research, policy and practice over the last six decades, offering a framework for understanding risk and protective factors in early childhood. However, this work has primarily been influenced from a medical health or psychological perspective. Despite the literature highlighting the importance of attachment relationships, there is limited research relating to educators’ knowledge and understanding of attachment theory. The first years of life are considered a sensitive period for attachment development, and with families increasingly utilising formal care for their infants and toddlers, educators are in a prime position to use attachment theory to inform their practices within education and care (ECEC) settings. The aims of this study were to investigate educators’ knowledge and understanding of attachment theory and the practices they use to support the development of secure infant/toddler–caregiver relationships. Drawing upon an interpretive theoretical framework, this study focused on understanding attachment theory and practice from multiple perspectives through the voices of early childhood educators. Using multiple methodologies such as a mixed method design enhances an interpretive framework. Data was collected via an online survey through a closed Facebook page as well as personal contacts of the researcher, email and snowballing. From this survey, 488 Australian educators responded demonstrating a wide interest in the topic of attachment. One early childhood service was selected to participate in semi-structured interviews. Observations of their attachment practices were documented using the Reflect, Respect, Relate tool. Quantitative data was analysed using Qualtrics software with Nvivo used for qualitative data to code key concepts and emerging themes. A national survey provided a general picture of educator perceptions and practices whilst the observations and interviews supported a deeper exploration into themes emerging from the survey. Findings highlighted educators’ desire to access further support to understand how to interpret the Early Years Learning Framework (EYLF) and associated documents in relation to attachment theory. The EYLF proposes that children feel “safe, secure and supported” when they develop attachment relationships with educators (Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations [DEEWR], 2009, p. 21). However, little guidance is provided within the framework or accompanying resources about how educators should approach this relationship development. Educators who participated in the study drew upon multiple approaches to support the development of attachment relationships. Their approach varied according to knowledge, understanding and personal experiences of participating in attachment relationships. Additionally, findings indicated that educators require support and access to sufficient knowledge and ongoing professional development relating to attachment theory that is specifically targeted toward ECEC settings. This study is unique in that it investigated the challenges of attachment theory from an educator’s perspective rather than a psychological lens. This research hopes to build upon the existing knowledge of educators and highlight the importance of attachment theory to inform strategic direction and policy development.

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25

Boyce, G. R. "Training and educating the strategic corporal". Quantico, VA : Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA490789.

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26

Searle, Deane. "Low Intensity Conflict: Contemporary Approaches and Strategic Thinking". The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2591.

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Low Intensity Conflict (LIC) is a significant feature of the contemporary world and it is a particular challenge to the armed forces of many states which are involved is such conflict, or are likely to become so. This thesis is not concerned with how such difficult conflict situations arise. Rather it is concerned with how, from the point of view of the state, they may be contained and ultimately brought to a satisfactory resolution. The work is thus concerned with the practicalities of ending LIC. More specifically, the purpose of this research is to establish a framework of doctrinal and military principles applicable to the prevention and resolution of LIC. The principles of this thesis are based in numerous historical examples of LIC and six in depth case studies. These distilled principles are analysed in two central chapters, and are then applied in two latter defence force chapters so as to ensure there practicality and resilience. Numerous defence academics and military practitioners have been consulted in the production of this thesis; their contribution has further reinforced the functionality of the principles examined in this research. The research illustrates the criticality of a holistic approach to LIC. The function of this approach is to guarantee the stability of the sovereign state, by unifying civil, police, intelligence and military services. The effectiveness of the military elements must also be ensured, as military force is central to the suppression of LIC. Consequently, the research makes strategic and operational prescriptions, so as to improve the capability of defence forces that are concerned with preventing or resolving LIC.

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27

Barter, Margaret Ann. "The 2/2 Australian infantry battalion : the history of a group experience". Phd thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/10641.

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The 2/2 Battalion A. I.F. was a volunteer fighting unit of the Second World War. This study explores the collective experience of battalion members from recruitment in October/November 1939 to disbandment in February 1946. During that time the unit engaged in five campaigns: three of the Middle East and Mediterranean under British cammand and two of the Pacific War under American cammand. Battalion ideals, which find their fullest expression in the unit history and post-war association tend to project public images of communal effort, sustained high morale and unswerving loyalty. Using War Diary records, letters, diaries and veteran interviews this study examines the men's varied and fluctuating responses to their fighting conditions as well as those of the long waiting periods in between. Traditionally military histories deal more with aspects of strategy and operations rather than individual or group responses to fear, death, wounds and illness in battle. Neither do they usually broach the subject of social tensions in an army unit both in and out of action. Questions guiding such an approach allow fruitful comparisons between the 2/2's public and private account of its experience in the years 1939-1946. Such enquiry also raises important questions about the formation of wartime identities, long-observed to be indissoluble in the post-war period.

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28

Mein, Smith Philippa. "Reformers, mothers and babies : aspects of infant survival : Australia 1890-1945". Phd thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/117391.

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This thesis examines the relationships between infant mortality, organised campaigns to reform mothers by education in mothercraft (the infant welfare movement) and mothers' behaviour. It proposes that the movement in Australia did not contribute as powerfully to the decline in infant mortality as its protagonists professed and believed. This conclusion rests on the demonstration of inappropriate relationships in time and space between the putative cause and effect, as recorded in the historiography of infant welfare. In Australia both fertility and infant mortality fell from the 1880s. The major declines in infant mortality began before the rise of mothercraft institutions; infant mortality went down evenly between the states when the baby health centres spread unevenly; and the prescriptions of infant care responded to, more than they affected, the mortality pattern. Both the u n derlying trend and ideas about infant mortality are considered: a 'missionary model' is applied, and the movement is interpreted to have been a missionary movement of intense belief systems. Mothers' practices followed a different chronology from the rules of infant nurture, while how mothers behaved depended on their circumstances. The in fan t welfare movement capitalised on the o p p o rtu n ities represented by rapid demographic change. Building on the fertility decline and reduced infant mortality, it helped induce a more intensive attention to babies. The raised standards expected of mothers by 1945 were made possible by improved chances of life and health.

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29

McAullay, Daniel. "Primary health care and maternal, infant and child health of Western Australia". Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150648.

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There is strong evidence that supports the importance of focusing health care in the early years to ensure that health throughout the lifecourse is the best it can be. There is also evidence to support the important role primary health care has in contributing to care during this time. Within Western Australia, there are no specific examples of work that have examined the contribution of primary health care services to maternal, infant and child health. The aim of this descriptive epidemiological study was to investigate what contribution primary health care has made to the maternal, infant and child health of selected communities in Western Australia. Using a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods, selected maternal, infant and child health outcomes were mapped to 155 SLA defined geographically sites across Western Australia. These sites were then ranked from top to bottom according to the outcomes mapped. Of these sites, nine were chosen as case study sites. Key informants within these case study sites representing General Practice care, Government health care and the Aboriginal primary health care settings were interviewed. Information collected from these interviews described how and in which context services were delivered in the areas of maternal, infant and child health. The results of the study indicated that across Western Australia there is a striking lack of consistency in maternal, infant and child primary health care. The primary health care contribution to maternal, infant and child health is ad hoc and lacking of consistent policy, planning and programming. However, there are examples where the contribution of primary health care exhibits appropriate policy, planning and program linkage. Aboriginal primary health care for example, in particular the Healthy for Life program shows how policy and planning associated with a funded program has resulted in care in the area of maternal health across several study sites. The study also indicated the important influencing factor that social determinants of health may play in contributing to maternal, infant and child health across Western Australia. The study findings highlight that there is a need to ensure that when planning for policy and program implementation of maternal, infant and child primary health care, existing models such as the Healthy for Life program should be examined. The study also indicated the importance of incorporating factors outside of health into policy and program planning.

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30

Dwyer, Anne R. "Early language experience and later vocabulary among Australian infants from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds". Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:44005.

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Relationships between socioeconomic status (SES) and children’s vocabulary are evident from toddlerhood. The existing literature makes clear that quantitative and qualitative differences in early linguistic experience appear to play a mediating role. However, to date, most research has focused on children during the second year of life and beyond, so the research investigating those differences during the first year of life is sparse. However, we know that the foundations of first language acquisition begin early in infancy, well before infants speak their first words. The aim of this thesis is to add to the literature by providing a deeper empirical understanding of the relationship between family SES and early vocabulary development for Australian infants, beginning in the first year of life. A longitudinal study, carried out from 2015 to 2016, focused on quantitative aspects of infants’ linguistic experience as they occurred during whole--‐day recording sessions at home, to assess SES--‐related differences and their potential association with later expressive vocabulary skills. Fifty families participated, from working--‐ and middle--‐class Australian English--‐speaking backgrounds, representing two levels of maternal education (higher ≥ bachelor degree, lower ≤ bachelor degree). At infant age 6 to 9 months and 12 to 15 months, day--‐long digital audio recordings were obtained in families’ homes on two days. Recordings were processed automatically using the Language Environment Analysis system (LENATM) to provide 12--‐hour estimates of three aspects of linguistic experience (i.e. adult word count, conversational turn count, and child vocalisation count). At infant age 12 to 15 months and 19 months, parents reported on children’s expressive vocabulary using the Australian English Communicative Development Inventory (OZI). A secondary aspect of the study measured mothers’ verbal and nonverbal IQ, and a selection of other maternal characteristics were assessed via questionnaire data. Based on previous research in SES, we predicted that higher SES (measured as maternal education) would be associated with 1) greater amounts of linguistic experience in infancy and, later 2) children’s larger expressive vocabularies. As predicted, despite considerable individual variation, higher maternal education was associated with greater amounts of linguistic input at 6 to 9 and 12 to 15 months. Maternal education was directly related with infants’ vocabulary, but only at 12 to 15 months. At 19 months, the relationship was moderated by sex differences. A key finding of the study is that the quantity of verbal interactions occurring between infants and their caregivers from 6--‐9 months, but not infants’ exposure to overheard speech, was a significant predictor of infants’ vocabulary up to a year later. Mothers’ IQ and education were related and, like maternal education, IQ appeared to contribute to infant vocabulary via infants’ earlier language experiences. The current research represents the first in--‐depth look at input and vocabulary for lower SES Australian families. Its findings highlight some early environmental factors that warrant further investigation in relation to early vocabulary development.

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31

Platzen, Dirk. "Parent-nestling vocal interactions in the white-browed scrubwren". Phd thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/146299.

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32

Trewartha, Graeme Edward. "Stakeholder goal achievement in Australian business incubators". Thesis, 2012. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/22300/.

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Australian state and federal governments have funded business incubators since the early 1990s, the typical purpose of this investment being to provide a nurturing environment for business start-ups while contributing to local economic development. However, this summation of the functions of business incubation does not identify an essential dichotomy concerning the goals of incubator sponsors. Business incubators depend upon a range of stakeholders (including board members, managers and tenants) for their initial establishment, and subsequently, in their ongoing operation. A review of the extant literature suggests the presence of a ‘research gap’ in the literature. This ‘gap’ indicates a failure to consider the goals, benefits and costs accruing to, or being borne by, Australian business incubator stakeholders, especially those involved in boards of management, this group, usually without recompense, providing ongoing governance, mentoring, business advice and other essential services to their incubators. The literature review provided the necessary background which allowed the researcher to develop a conceptual framework for the study acting as the foundation of the thesis. The research involves qualitative and quantitative methodology. In the first instance, a series of interviews of incubator board members, managers and tenants was completed and documented. Material derived from the interviews, along with internet sourced information, provided a qualitative data base of Australian incubation practice supporting the development of an e-mail survey that was distributed throughout the incubator industry. A series of propositions were tested using survey response material, interpretation including a descriptive investigation followed by bivariate and multivariate analysis. This study has identified a link between institutional and stakeholder theories in the business incubation sector. The findings, concerning some issues, indicate that incubator stakeholders – particularly board members and managers – are satisfied that they are achieving their goals. However, tenant respondents, possibly due to the differing goals and composition of the tenant cohort, indicate that their goal achievement expectations are not being realised.

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33

Smith, Anthony Michael Arthur. "The sex and survivorship of embryos and hatchlings of the Australian freshwater crocodile, Crocodylus johnstoni". Phd thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/142282.

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34

Tursan, D'Espaignet G. D. Edouard. "Sudden infant death syndrome : following up on the 1991 Reduce the Risk Campaign". Phd thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/148092.

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35

James, Jennifer P. "An analysis of the breastfeeding practices of a group of mothers living in Victoria, Australia". Thesis, 2003. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15279/.

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This research attempted to identify the causes of and variables associated with early weaning (during the first three months) by breastfeeding women. Prior to 1970, there was a decline in breastfeeding rates, with a gradual increase during the 1970's and 1980's. Since the late 1980's, even with increased knowledge, evidence about the benefits and health promotion activity, rates remain relatively static. Of particular concern is the early postnatal through to three months of age group, where there continues to be a marked drop out of almost 50%. This was a descriptive longitudinal study of 682 primiparous and multiparous mothers and their babies that collected both qualitative and quantitative data via a series of self-administered questionnaires. They were completed at three monthly intervals over a period of up to twelve months. Participants exited the study following weaning or at the baby's first birth.

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36

Haff, Tonya. "Parent-offspring communication under the risk of predation in the white-browed scrubwren". Phd thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149892.

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Acoustic signaling is in important way that animals communicate, but the features that enhance the detectability of signals by receivers may also enhance detectability by eavesdropping predators. Parent-offspring communication in birds offers a superb window into how animals communicate under the risk of predation, as most species rely heavily upon vocal signaling and are particularly vulnerable to predation during the reproductive period. This thesis describes a series of experiments on nesting white-browed scrubwrens, Sericornis frontalis, focusing on three main questions: 1) Do nestling calls attract predators? Chapter 2 presents the first realistic test of the cost of nestling begging on predation risk at active nests attended by parents. Nestling vocalizations attracted predators, and this risk was highest for the hungriest and therefore noisiest broods (Haff & Magrath 2011, Biology Letters). 2) How do parents manage the trade-off between warning young of danger and betraying nest location to predators? Chapter 3 shows that parents were more likely to warn noisier compared to quieter nestlings when an eavesdropping predator was near the nest, demonstrating that parents take nestling conspicuousness into account in a decision rule likely to reduce the risk of nest predation. This work is in preparation for publication. 3) How do young reduce predation risk independently of parents? Chapter 4 shows that nestlings respond with silence to very specific features of the sound made by a predator walking near the nest. They are therefore able to reduce risk independently of parents, while not suppressing calling unnecessarily (Haff & Magrath 2010, Animal Behaviour). Chapter 5 shows that young nestlings respond to heterospecific mobbing alarm calls that are structurally similar to parental mobbing alarm calls, while older nestlings can respond appropriately to heterospecific alarm calls that are not similar to those of conspecifics. Nestlings therefore gain information about danger from the signals of other species, potentially through both innate recognition and learning. This work has been submitted for publication. Chapter 6 focuses on the development of fledgling responses to heterospecific aerial alarm calls, which are given to flying predators and are relevant to fledglings but not nestlings. Fledglings just out of the nest did not suppress calling after playback of heterospecific aerial alarm calls, but most did so only two weeks later and all responded by the time they were five-weeks old. Furthermore, young responded at an earlier age on territories on which heterospecific were more common, suggesting that learning was important in the recognition of heterospecific aerial alarm calls. Overall, this thesis illustrates that the behaviour of both parents and young can strongly affect the risk posed by nest predators, and helps to advance an understanding of parent-offspring communication under the risk of predation. An appendix to the thesis includes a broad review of this topic, co-authored by myself, R. D. Magrath, A. G. Horn & M. L. Leonard (Magrath et al. 2010, Advances in the Study of Behavior). -- provided by Candidate.

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37

Boshoff, Jacobie. "Towards facilitating change in occupational therapy managers' perceptions of early intervention service delivery in South Australia". Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26118.

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Please read the abstract in the section, 00front, of this document
Thesis (PhD (Augmentative and Alternative Communication))--University of Pretoria, 2008.
Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (CAAC)
PhD
Unrestricted

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38

Condo, Dominique. "Investigating the relationship between maternal iodine intake in pregnancy and iodine status or thyroid function of mothers and infants: a prospective cohort study". Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/93493.

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Iodine is crucial for thyroid hormone production which is essential for growth and development. Iodine deficiency in pregnancy can lead to cognitive impairment, poor growth, congenital abnormalities and in severe situations cretinism. Mild iodine deficiency re-emerged in Australia in the last decade. To address this issue, in 2009 mandatory iodine fortification of bread was implemented and in 2010 routine iodine supplementation in pregnancy was recommended. Since mandatory iodine fortification there has been limited data on the iodine intake and iodine status of Australians, including pregnant women. Intervention trials in iodine deficient populations have shown a higher maternal and infant urine iodine concentration (UIC) in iodine supplemented groups compared to controls, with the effect on thyroid function being less clear. However, no studies have assessed the relationships between maternal iodine intake from food and supplements in pregnancy and maternal or infant iodine status and thyroid function in mildly iodine deficient or sufficient populations. The primary aims of the thesis were to examine the associations between maternal iodine intake/iodine status/thyroid function in pregnancy and markers of maternal and infant iodine status/thyroid function. The secondary aims were to examine the associations between maternal iodine intake/thyroid function in pregnancy and pregnancy/birth outcomes, infant growth and the general health of pregnant and postnatal women. 783 pregnant women in South Australia participated in the study. An iodine specific food frequency questionnaire (I-FFQ) was developed and validated to assess dietary iodine intake at baseline (<20 weeks’ gestation) and 28 weeks’ gestation. Maternal UIC, maternal thyroid function and the general health and wellbeing of pregnant and postpartum women was assessed at baseline, 28 weeks’ gestation and 3 months postpartum. Breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC) was assessed at birth and 3 months postpartum. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was collected from newborn screening at birth. Pregnancy/birth outcome data and infant anthropometrics at birth were collected from the women’s and infant’s medical records and infant UIC, infant thyroid function and infant growth was measured at 3 months of age. Based on the median UIC, pregnant women in this study were classified as iodine sufficient, both with or without the use of iodine supplements during pregnancy. Maternal iodine intake in pregnancy was positively associated with maternal UIC and BMIC (Chapter 4), while no association was found with maternal thyroid function (Chapter 4), infant UIC, infant thyroid function (Chapter 5) or clinical outcomes (Chapter 6). At 28 weeks’ gestation maternal free triiodothyronine (fT3) was positively associated with infant fT3 at 3 months of age, while maternal fT3 and thyroglobulin (Tg) was inversely associated with infant TSH at 3 months of age (Chapter 5). Furthermore, markers of maternal thyroid function at 28 weeks gestation was associated with the mental and physical health of women at 3 months postpartum as well as the severity of stress at 28 weeks gestation (Chapter 6). In summary, maternal iodine intake in pregnancy is not associated with maternal or infant thyroid function in an iodine sufficient population, although maternal thyroid function at 28 weeks’ gestation is associated with infant thyroid function at 3 months of age and with aspects of the general health and wellbeing of pregnant and postnatal women. Further research is needed to better understand these relationships in populations with various iodine status and their impact on infant development.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, 2015

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39

Buetow, Stephen A. "Risk factors for perinatal death in New South Wales". Phd thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/142489.

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40

Morse, AJ. "Implementation of developmental surveillance for autism using the Social attention and communication surveillance-revised (SACS-R) assessment tool for young children in Tasmania, Australia". Thesis, 2021. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/45552/1/Morse_whole_thesis.pdf.

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Autism spectrum disorder (autism) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects how a person experiences the world and relates to others. The prevalence of autism ranges between 1-3% of population. Through the early identification of children with autism, access to Early Intervention (EI) services may be possible and improved outcomes achieved. Tasmanian children were not being identified as early as possible, which meant they were at increased risk of avoidable developmental delays and prolonged access to intervention services. Early detection includes screening and surveillance then, if warranted, follow up diagnostic assessment, ideally conducted by a multi-disciplinary team. The Social Attention and Communication Surveillance-Revised (SACS-R) is an autism-specific surveillance tool that detects autism and other developmental delays. It is designed to assist health care professionals to identify behaviours in young children (11-30 months of age) that are indicative of “high likelihood” of autism. The SACS-R tool was introduced into the Tasmanian Health Service (THS) in 2016 as part of a program to improve early identification of autism in this state. The intended outcome of any innovation is positive change. However, there are often significant gaps between research and practice that result in delays to the implementation of change in practice settings. Introduction of the SACS-R tool in Tasmania required a significant service change involving the Child Health and Parenting Service (CHaPS) nurses (a statewide child assessment and support service), the St Giles Developmental Assessment Team (DAT) and other medical, educational, community and allied health stakeholders. The aim of this study was to explore the enablers and barriers to the successful statewide implementation of the SACS-R early childhood surveillance program. Implementation Science (IS) principles underpin this study. IS seeks to understand and narrow the gap between the discovery of new knowledge and its application in health care settings. Added to this, a Design Thinking (DT) approach was used to place the end-users at the centre of the research, in this case, the parents and the children undergoing early autism surveillance. A mixed methods research design was used. Parents, CHaPS nurses and management staff, policy groups, allied health professionals, educators, and doctors (paediatricians, GPs and psychiatrists) were recruited to the study. Data was collected through online questionnaires and surveys (n=113) and semi-structured interviews with participants (n=91). The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and thematically analysed. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS software. Following initial analysis, quantitative and qualitative data sets were converged to identify similarities, divergences and new understandings identified by stakeholder groups. By integrating the findings, the enablers and barriers across personal, practice and policy levels were identified and understanding of the complexities of the whole process emerged. Integration also revealed the implications for successful adoption of the SACS-R into routine clinical practice within the public health system. The key finding is that the SACS-R process was successfully introduced by the CHaPS, including the addition of an 18-month assessment, which meant that young Tasmanian children could be identified as high likelihood for autism, diagnosed, and in theory, able to be supported through access to intervention much earlier than previously possible. Two key enablers were: 1) integration of the tool into the children’s appointments with the CHaPS nurses and 2) children being able to access EI services post this initial visit. Two major barriers included 1) a lack of services and 2) insufficient funding. In addition, the use of a pragmatic mixed methodology alongside a DT approach proved to enable a more nuanced understanding of the barriers and enablers from the perspectives of those involved. Further findings indicate that the nurses had greater confidence in the developmental assessment of young children and in identifying and referring those at high likelihood of autism for diagnostic assessment. Following training, the assessment was embedded into routine practice with relative ease. However, concerns associated with inconsistent language use, lengthy wait times, and lack of services for children with autism and/or other developmental delays were identified by stakeholder groups. There was a need for ongoing refreshers, education and support for nurses and other key stakeholders. The study shows that additional pathways need to be established to better support children and parents to access timely services, following referral and post-diagnosis, including EI. Identifying and upskilling other professionals in the delivery of the SACS-R would be highly beneficial, along with more adequate staffing. Further research is needed to enable the problem of long wait times for assessment and diagnosis to be effectively addressed. This study is unique in Australia. It is the first to address the depth of experiences of a broad range of stakeholders across various contexts. While this research is specific to Tasmania, the findings have relevance to other health service jurisdictions. This study will benefit health practitioners, policy makers and the autism community; those who are committed to addressing early neurodevelopmental concerns for the benefit of lifelong positive outcomes.

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(9794897), Hayley Etherton. "To cry or not to cry? Understanding parents’ views on and uptake of infant sleep and settling interventions". Thesis, 2023. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/To_cry_or_not_to_cry_Understanding_parents_views_on_and_uptake_of_infant_sleep_and_settling_interventions/22872965.

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Problematic child sleep is a common issue facing parents around the world, particularly during infancy, and can have deleterious effects on many aspects of health and wellbeing for the child, parents and broader family unit. Substantial literature exists on child sleep interventions, within academic, professional and general public settings. The most common intervention recommended for problematic child sleep behaviours employs behaviour theory’s concept of extinction, which involves ignoring a crying child to various degrees. Due to media and popular literature, such methods are widely known and also likely used outside of clinical settings. However, for decades, multiple sources have described parental resistance to implementing such methods and little is known about their uptake in the community. When extinction is the primary intervention recommended, this resistance potentially leaves parents without support or treatment for sleep problems, which can have significant health and wellbeing ramifications on the child, parent and broader family unit. Despite regular mention of parents’ reticence to utilise extinction sleep interventions, evidence of and explanation for this reticence is limited. Minimal space has been given to the voices of those most affected by and involved in managing child sleep problems - the parents. A transactional systems model of child sleep (Sadeh & Anders, 1993; Sadeh et al., 2010) illustrates the importance that parents and the family’s broader context play in understanding and altering child sleep. Therefore, this thesis sought to contextualise this model within an Australian context and explored (1) Australian parents’ use of three common, extinction-based sleep interventions (unmodified extinction, graduated extinction, and extinction with parent presence) and (2) views on managing sleep with their young child. Specifically, those with a child aged 6-18-months were targeted as extinction-based sleep interventions are usually recommended from 6-months of age and sleep problems are common in this age range. The paucity of previous evidence on parent perspectives on managing child sleep and use of extinction within the community meant this thesis used an exploratory, mixed methods approach to meet objectives. An online survey collected 1,344 complete responses from Australian parents (98% mothers) of a 6-18-month-old assessing factors relating to child sleep, including night-waking cognitions, parenting efficacy, psychological distress, sleep information access, extinction use and demographics. From this quantitative data, descriptive and path analyses were used to ascertain mothers’ use of extinction interventions, reasons for use or non-use, and factors which predicted use. To capture parents’ broader perspectives on child sleep, a qualitative descriptive design was also employed. Forty mothers from metropolitan (n = 3) and regional areas (n = 5) of three Australian states contributed their reflections within semi-structured, individual and group interviews. Quantitative results showed 53% of mothers had not used any of the extinction interventions, and graduated extinction was more popular than unmodified extinction or extinction with parent presence. Mothers typically used extinction for more functional reasons, while those who did not indicated more emotional and philosophical reasons. Generally, mothers valued socially sourced sleep information over professionals, the Internet over books, and information in postnatal classes over antenatal. The initial path model showed mothers’ cognitions about their child’s night-waking and perceptions of the extinction interventions were strong predictors of their use of extinction (R2 values = .24-.54). Various child, demographic and family factors were then incorporated into the model and were significant predictors of mothers’ night-waking cognitions, however, their contributions were generally small (R2 values = .09-.12). Thematic analysis of the interview data resulted in three themes, and sub-themes and dimensions within these, representing mothers’ thoughts on how they manage sleep with their young children. Theme one was “Do we have a sleep problem?” and comprised of four sub-themes, “Expectations and beliefs about what is normal”, “Is there something else effecting my child’s behaviour?”, “Comparing my child to other children”, and “How does the child’s behaviour affect my family?”. Theme two was “We have a problem, what can we do?” with three sub-themes, “Seek and find information”, “Making a choice” and “Seek support”. Theme three was “Living with my choices”, with three sub-themes, “Being judged”, “Dealing with judgement” and “Owning, embracing and accepting”. The themes highlighted how varied mothers’ perceptions of and responses to sleep challenges could be, and the emotional journey they experienced while managing sleep within their family context. The thesis findings are discussed in combination with quantitative and qualitative results to complement and contextualise each other; a valuable feature when examining the interconnected and complex nature of parents’ management of child sleep. Three key deductions are discussed based on these combined results; (1) extinction promotion is disproportionate to its use, (2) night-time parenting choices are highly personalised, and (3) child sleep information and support for mothers requires improvement. Recommendations are made for future research and clinical practice. Principally, there is a need for alternative, evidence-based, sleep intervention options to be available to parents wanting support. Extinction, the dominant sleep intervention, is not acceptable to a substantial proportion of Australian parents for a variety of reasons. A range of intervention options are required to address this variety. Further sleep intervention research is needed to provide options, and to assess how best to engage parents with professionals who can provide appropriate information and support. The findings within this thesis may not be representative of the views of fathers and different cultural groups who were underrepresented. This thesis contributes new information to the field by not only indicating the uptake of extinction sleep interventions in the Australian community, but also identifying reasons for using and not using these interventions. It also provides new, comprehensive information on how mothers make sleep-related decisions related to their young children. This information is important to advance future sleep intervention research and practice guidelines in accordance with the needs and preferences of parents, and subsequently reduce gaps in treatment acceptance.

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42

Britton, Lucia Anna. "Addressing the treatment gap for children in statutory care : Evaluating the effectiveness of the psychological services business plan 2016/2017 using ACI framework". Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/21911.

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ABSTRACT: This report is written in two parts. The first part of the report outlines the initial project proposal to conduct an internal formative and process evaluation to test the effectiveness of Psychological Services Business Plan and identify any changes or modifications that may be needed to enhance the probability or the service achieving their goals by end of 2017. Using the NSW Agency for Clinical Innovation (ACI) Framework and program logic, outcomes and outputs are identified and tested through impact measures. The second part of the report outlines the finding of the evaluation on the identified impact measures. Overall, the results indicate good progress towards the program outcomes and strategic goal, indicating utility of some of the changes made. A process review was also undertaken to evaluate how well the Business Plan was implemented and communicated to key stakeholders. The results are discussed in term of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for achieving the desired change.
RESUMO: Este relatório foi escrito em duas partes. Na primeira parte descreve-se a proposta inicial do projeto, mais concretamente a realização de uma avaliação interna formativa e de processo, com o objectivo de avaliar a efectividade de um programa de prestação de cuidados implementado em diversos serviços de saúde mental australianos. Esta proposta incluiu também a identificação de alterações potencialmente necessárias para aumentar a probabilidade de os serviços alcançarem os seus objetivos até ao final de 2017. A identificação da lógica processual, assim como a avaliação dos resultados e dos ‘outputs’ dos serviços, foi efectuada através de metodologia desenvolvida pela NSW Agency for Clinical Innovation (Australia). Na segunda parte do relatório, descrevem-se os resultados desta avaliação a nível dos principais indicadores de impacto. Globalmente, os resultados indicaram uma boa efectividade no atingimento dos objectivos estratégicos do programa, sugerindo a utilidade de algumas das mudanças efectuadas. Descreve-se igualmente a análise de processo sobre a efectividade da implementação e da comunicação aos principais intervenientes directos. Os resultados são discutidos em função dos seus pontos fortes, fracos, oportunidades e ameaças para alcançar a mudança desejada.

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Burns, Elaine. "Mining for liquid gold : an analysis of the language and practices of midwives when interacting with women who are establishing breastfeeding". Thesis, 2011. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/538420.

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This thesis reports on a qualitative study of midwifery support for women who are breastfeeding during the first week after birth. In Australia, nine out of ten women initiate breastfeeding, yet the average duration of breastfeeding is well below World Health Organization recommendations. Approximately one quarter of women who commence breastfeeding, cease, or introduce supplemental formula, during the first few weeks after birth. This is a time when midwives are available to provide support. However, women report widespread dissatisfaction with midwifery care during the early postnatal period, particularly hospital-based care. The aim of this study was to examine the nature and impact of the language and practices used by midwives when providing breastfeeding support in the early postpartum period. Identification of the facilitative or inhibitive components of support, as well as insight into the impact on women, can lead to improvements in midwifery practice and inform the education and training of midwives. This study is underpinned by a social constructionist epistemology, situating an understanding of reality within a social and cultural frame. A post structuralist approach informed the methodology and discourse analysis has been used to examine the way in which language and discourse shaped the beliefs and practices of participating midwives, and postpartum women, around breastfeeding. Data were collected from midwives and breastfeeding women at two geographically distant maternity units in New South Wales. This study is based around the observation of midwife-woman interactions during the provision of breastfeeding support in hospital, and, to a lesser extent, in home environments, during the first week after birth. In total, 85 breastfeeding interactions between women and midwives were observed, audio recorded and then transcribed verbatim. Additional perspectives were gathered from participants at 34 individual interviews and four focus group discussions. Nine antenatal breastfeeding education sessions were also observed and audio-recorded, to gain an insight into the language used to describe breastfeeding during pregnancy.

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Cole, Rose. "New mothers creating their well-being: a hermeneutic study". Thesis, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/279.

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This hermeneutic study explores the experience of well-being of eight new mothers who live in the Blue Mountains of N.S.W. The experiences were analysed to illuminate definitions, meanings and practices which create their well being. This study transcends existing notions of health and motherhood. The author argues that mothers resist the social expectations created by the 'ideology of motherhood' by; defining their well-being, redefining and resisting the notion of being the 'good mother' by creating practices to achieve their well-being. Social support is integral to this. The study is grounded in hermeneutics incorporating the Heideggerian ideas of being-in-the-world, co-constitution and the hermeneutic circle and also the Gadamerian idea of fusion of horizons. A post-structuralist feminist perspective is adopted, incorporating Foucault's ideas on power, knowledge, truth and resistance. Eight definitions of these new mothers' well-being are presented. Implications for nursing practice, education and research are discussed

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Tesis sobre el tema "Australian Infantry"

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