Artículos de revistas: "Augmentation de tables"

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Wu, Junyi, Chen Ye, Haoshi Zhi, and Shihao Jiang. "Column-Type Prediction for Web Tables Powered by Knowledge Base and Text." Mathematics 11, no. 3 (2023): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11030560.

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Web tables are essential for applications such as data analysis. However, web tables are often incomplete and short of some critical information, which makes it challenging to understand the web table content. Automatically predicting column types for tables without metadata is significant for dealing with various tables from the Internet. This paper proposes a CNN-Text method to deal with this task, which fuses CNN prediction and voting processes. We present data augmentation and synthetic column generation approaches to improve the CNN’s performance and use extracted text to get better predictions. The experimental result shows that CNN-Text outperforms the baseline methods, demonstrating that CNN-Text is well qualified for the table column type prediction.

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Wang, Jiayi, Chengliang Chai, Nan Tang, Jiabin Liu, and Guoliang Li. "Coresets over multiple tables for feature-rich and data-efficient machine learning." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 16, no. 1 (2022): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3561261.3561267.

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Successful machine learning (ML) needs to learn from good data. However, one common issue about train data for ML practitioners is the lack of good features. To mitigate this problem, feature augmentation is often employed by joining with (or enriching features from) multiple tables, so as to become feature-rich ML. A consequent problem is that the enriched train data may contain too many tuples, especially if the feature augmentation is obtained through 1 (or many)-to-many or fuzzy joins. Training an ML model with a very large train dataset is data-inefficient. Coreset is often used to achieve data-efficient ML training, which selects a small subset of train data that can theoretically and practically perform similarly as using the full dataset. However, coreset selection over a large train dataset is also known to be time-consuming. In this paper, we aim at achieving both feature-rich ML through feature augmentation and data-efficient ML through coreset selection. In order to avoid time-consuming coreset selection over a feature augmented (or fully materialized) table, we propose to efficiently select the coreset without materializing the augmented table. Note that coreset selection typically uses weighted gradients of the subset to approximate the full gradient of the entire train dataset. Our key idea is that the gradient computation for coreset selection of the augmented table can be pushed down to partial feature similarity of tuples within each individual table, without join materialization. These partial feature similarity values can be aggregated to estimate the gradient of the augmented table, which is upper bounded with provable theoretical guarantees. Extensive experiments show that our method can improve the efficiency by nearly 2 orders of magnitudes, while keeping almost the same accuracy as training with the fully augmented train data.

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Dobra, Adrian, Claudia Tebaldi, and Mike West. "Data augmentation in multi-way contingency tables with fixed marginal totals." Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 136, no. 2 (2006): 355–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jspi.2004.07.002.

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Chen, Zhiyu. "Dataset Search and Augmentation." ACM SIGIR Forum 56, no. 1 (2022): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3582524.3582544.

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Data has become an indispensable part of our life. However, current mainstream commercial search engines do not support specialized functions for dataset search. A dataset usually consists of both metadata and data content. Existing information retrieval models designed for Web search cannot efficiently extract semantic information inside structured datasets, even when they contain textual content. Developing new algorithms for next-generation search engines to efficiently find datasets can benefit data practitioners in their data discovery experience. In this dissertation, we consider how to effectively perform dataset search and augmentation. We start by providing an end-to-end description of a dataset search engine following the lifecycle of datasets. Our review includes web dataset acquisition techniques, dataset profiling and augmentation methods, and dataset search tasks and corresponding methods. In order to extract datasets from research articles, we present an information extraction framework to determine triples of interest which can be used for academic dataset search. We propose a feature-based method to augment tabular datasets with additional schema labels to help users and systems to better understand the datasets. We develop three methods for tabular dataset search: the first utilizes generated schema labels to enhance the search results; the second adopts pretrained language models to learn matching features; the third models the complex relations in the datasets as one or more graphs and uses graph neural networks to learn representations of queries and tables. To support dataset search in which a query is also a dataset, we propose universal dataset encoders which regard a dataset as a point set so that the encoded dataset representations can be used to search for similar datasets. Extensive experiments across multiple tasks demonstrate the superiority of our proposed methods over the state of the art. Awarded by: Lehigh University, Bethlehem, USA on 10 May 2022. Supervised by: Brian D. Davison. Available at: https://github.com/Zhiyu-Chen/Dissertation/blob/main/Dissertation_Dataset_Search.pdf.

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Bussotti, Jean-Flavien, Enzo Veltri, Donatello Santoro, and Paolo Papotti. "Generation of Training Examples for Tabular Natural Language Inference." Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data 1, no. 4 (2023): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3626730.

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Tabular data is becoming increasingly important in Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, such as Tabular Natural Language Inference (TNLI). Given a table and a hypothesis expressed in NL text, the goal is to assess if the former structured data supports or refutes the latter. In this work, we focus on the role played by the annotated data in training the inference model. We introduce a system, Tenet, for the automatic augmentation and generation of training examples for TNLI. Given the tables, existing approaches are either based on human annotators, and thus expensive, or on methods that produce simple examples that lack data variety and complex reasoning. Instead, our approach is built around the intuition that SQL queries are the right tool to achieve variety in the generated examples, both in terms of data variety and reasoning complexity. The first is achieved by evidence-queries that identify cell values over tables according to different data patterns. Once the data for the example is identified, semantic-queries describe the different ways such data can be identified with standard SQL clauses. These rich descriptions are then verbalized as text to create the annotated examples for the TNLI task. The same approach is also extended to create counterfactual examples, i.e., examples where the hypothesis is false, with a method based on injecting errors in the original (clean) table. For all steps, we introduce generic generation algorithms that take as input only the tables. For our experimental study, we use three datasets from the TNLI literature and two crafted by us on more complex tables. Tenet generates human-like examples, which lead to the effective training of several inference models with results comparable to those obtained by training the same models with manually-written examples.

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Ahmed, Naveed, Umar Khan, Syed Tauseef Mohyud-Din, and Saeed Ullah Jan. "Non-linear radiative squeezed flow in a rotating frame." Engineering Computations 34, no. 8 (2017): 2450–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-04-2017-0158.

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Purpose In this current study, the authors aim to analyze non-linear radiative squeezed flow in a rotating frame of viscous fluid. Design/methodology/approach The Radioactive nature of the fluid is taken into consideration. The reduced form of equations governing the flow are developed by the implementation of similarity transformations. The coupled system thus obtained is solved by using the homotopy analysis method (HAM). Findings Augmentation in velocity and temperature profiles is discussed graphically by varying various involved parameters. The total error of the system is discussed in Table I. The cases of linear radiation and non-linear radiation are also discussed in Tables II and III. Originality/value The study presented in this paper is original and it has not been submitted to any other journal for publication purpose. The contents are original and proper references have been provided wherever applicable.

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Sajid, Tanveer, Muhammad Sagheer, Shafqat Hussain, and Faisal Shahzad. "Impact of double-diffusive convection and motile gyrotactic microorganisms on magnetohydrodynamics bioconvection tangent hyperbolic nanofluid." Open Physics 18, no. 1 (2020): 74–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2020-0009.

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AbstractThe double-diffusive tangent hyperbolic nanofluid containing motile gyrotactic microorganisms and magnetohydrodynamics past a stretching sheet is examined. By adopting the scaling group of transformation, the governing equations of motion are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The Keller box scheme, a finite difference method, has been employed for the solution of the nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The behaviour of the working fluid against various parameters of physical nature has been analyzed through graphs and tables. The behaviour of different physical quantities of interest such as heat transfer rate, density of the motile gyrotactic microorganisms and mass transfer rate is also discussed in the form of tables and graphs. It is found that the modified Dufour parameter has an increasing effect on the temperature profile. The solute profile is observed to decay as a result of an augmentation in the nanofluid Lewis number.

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Li, Xiangge, Hong Luo, and Yan Sun. "WordBlitz: An Efficient Hard-Label Textual Adversarial Attack Method Jointly Leveraging Adversarial Transferability and Word Importance." Applied Sciences 14, no. 9 (2024): 3831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14093831.

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Existing textual attacks mostly perturb keywords in sentences to generate adversarial examples by relying on the prediction confidence of victim models. In practice, attackers can only access the prediction label, meaning that the victim model can easily defend against such hard-label attacks by denying access based on the attack’s frequency. In this paper, we propose an efficient hard-label attack approach, called WordBlitz. First, based on the adversarial transferability, we train a substitute model to initialize the attack parameter set, including a candidate pool and two weight tables of keywords and candidate words. Then, adversarial examples are generated and optimized under the guidance of the two weight tables. During optimization, we design a hybrid local search algorithm with word importance to find the globally optimal solution while updating the two weight tables according to the attack results. Finally, the non-adversarial text generated during perturbation optimization is added to the training of the substitute model as data augmentation to improve the adversarial transferability. Experimental results show that WordBlitz surpasses the baseline in terms of better effectiveness, higher efficiency, and lower cost. Its efficiency is especially pronounced in scenarios with broader search spaces, and its attack success rate on a Chinese dataset is higher than on baselines.

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Ismail, Nur Hilwani, Siti Fatimah Ibrahim, Farah Hanan Fathihah Jaffar, Mohd Helmy Mokhtar, Kok Yong Chin, and Khairul Osman. "Augmentation of the Female Reproductive System Using Honey: A Mini Systematic Review." Molecules 26, no. 3 (2021): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030649.

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Phytochemical contents of honey are presumed to be beneficial to the female reproductive system (FRS). However, the biological effects of honey supplementation (HS) in vivo on the FRS remain unclear. This review aims to investigate the current literature on the effects of HS on the FRS, particularly on the sex hormone profile and reproductive organs (uterus and vagina). A systematic literature search using Scopus, MEDLINE via Ovid and Cochrane Library databases was conducted. Records were screened and identified for preclinical and clinical studies addressing the effects of HS on the FRS. Data on populations, interventions, outcomes and methodological quality were extracted. Studies were synthesised using tables and written summaries. Of the 198 identified records, six fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All six records were used for data extraction: two experimental studies using rats as the model organism and four human clinical studies of honey on female reproductive health. HS elevated the progesterone levels, restrained body weight increase, prevented uterine and vaginal atrophies in ovariectomised rats, attenuated symptoms of candidiasis and improved oxidative status in patients. Current evidence shows that short-term HS following surgical or physiological menopause exerts an oestrogenic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect on the FRS. However, insufficient long-term studies preclude any definitive conclusions.

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Castelo, Sonia, Rémi Rampin, Aécio Santos, Aline Bessa, Fernando Chirigati, and Juliana Freire. "Auctus." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 14, no. 12 (2021): 2791–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3476311.3476346.

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The large volumes of structured data currently available, from Web tables to open-data portals and enterprise data, open up new opportunities for progress in answering many important scientific, societal, and business questions. However, finding relevant data is difficult. While search engines have addressed this problem for Web documents, there are many new challenges involved in supporting the discovery of structured data. We demonstrate how the Auctus dataset search engine addresses some of these challenges. We describe the system architecture and how users can explore datasets through a rich set of queries. We also present case studies which show how Auctus supports data augmentation to improve machine learning models as well as to enrich analytics.

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Reddy, M. Gnaneswara, Sudha Rani, K. Ganesh Kumar, Asiful H. Seikh, Mohammad Rahimi-Gorji, and El-Sayed Mohmed Sherif. "Transverse magnetic flow over a Reiner–Philippoff nanofluid by considering solar radiation." Modern Physics Letters B 33, no. 36 (2019): 1950449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984919504499.

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This paper reports the flow and heat transfer augmentation on Reiner–Philippoff nanofluid over stretching sheet. The effect of transverse magnetic field and thermal radiation are explored for temperature distributions. Transformations are used to reduce system of partial differential equations into ordinary ones and are solved numerically by using RKF-45 Method. Expressions for velocity and temperature profile are derived and plotted under the assumption of flow parameter. Influence of various parameters on surface drag force and heat transfer rates have been discussed with the help of tables and plots. It is noticed that the impact of pseudo plastic fluid, Newtonian fluid and dilatant fluid are highly contrasted in higher Ha. Furthermore, production of heat transfer is more in nonlinear radiation when compared to linear radiation.

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Yahaya, R. I., F. M. Ali, N. M. Arifin, N. S. Khashi'ie, and S. S. P. M. Isa. "MHD flow of hybrid nanofluid past a stretching sheet: double stratification and multiple slips effects." Mathematical Modeling and Computing 9, no. 4 (2022): 871–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/mmc2022.04.871.

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Studies of hybrid nanofluids flowing over various physical geometries and conditions are popular among researchers to understand the behavior of these fluids. Thenceforth, the numerical solutions for hybrid Ag-CuO/H2O nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet with suction, magnetic field, double stratification, and multiple slips effects are analyzed in the present study. Governing equations and boundary conditions are introduced to describe the flow problem. Then, similarity variables are applied to transform the equations into non-linear ordinary differential equations and boundary conditions. The numerical computation for the problem is done in Matlab (bvp4c solver), and the results are presented in tables and graphs. It is found that the rise in solutal slip and stratification parameters reduces the Sherwood number. Meanwhile, the increase in thermal slip and stratification parameters lowers the Nusselt number. The skin friction coefficient is observed to increase with the augmentation of the hydrodynamic slip parameter.

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Arshad, Mubashar, Ali Hassan, Qusain Haider, et al. "Rotating Hybrid Nanofluid Flow with Chemical Reaction and Thermal Radiation between Parallel Plates." Nanomaterials 12, no. 23 (2022): 4177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12234177.

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This research investigates the two different hybrid nanofluid flows between two parallel plates placed at two different heights, y0 and yh, respectively. Water-based hybrid nanofluids are obtained by using Al2O3, TiO2 and Cu as nanoparticles, respectively. The upper-level plate is fixed, while the lower-level plate is stretchable. The fluid rotates along the y-axis with constant speed Ω. The governing equations of momentum, energy and concentration are transformed into partial differential equations by using similarity transformations. These transformed equations are grasped numerically at MATLAB by using the boundary value problem technique. The influence of different parameters are presented through graphs. The numerical outcomes for rotation, Nusselt, Prandtl, and Schmidt numbers are obtained in the form of tables. The heat transfer rate increases by augmentation in the thermophoresis parameter, while it decays by increasing the Reynolds number. Oxide nanoparticles hybrid nanofluid proved more efficient as compared to mixed nanoparticles hybrid nanofluid. This research suggests using oxide nanoparticles for good heat transfer.

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Dong, Yuyang, Chuan Xiao, Takuma Nozawa, Masafumi Enomoto, and Masafumi Oyamada. "DeepJoin: Joinable Table Discovery with Pre-Trained Language Models." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 16, no. 10 (2023): 2458–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3603581.3603587.

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Due to the usefulness in data enrichment for data analysis tasks, joinable table discovery has become an important operation in data lake management. Existing approaches target equi-joins, the most common way of combining tables for creating a unified view, or semantic joins, which tolerate misspellings and different formats to deliver more join results. They are either exact solutions whose running time is linear in the sizes of query column and target table repository, or approximate solutions lacking precision. In this paper, we propose DeepJoin, a deep learning model for accurate and efficient joinable table discovery. Our solution is an embedding-based retrieval, which employs a pre-trained language model (PLM) and is designed as one framework serving both equi- and semantic (with a similarity condition on word embeddings) joins for textual attributes with fairly small cardinalities. We propose a set of contextualization options to transform column contents to a text sequence. The PLM reads the sequence and is fine-tuned to embed columns to vectors such that columns are expected to be joinable if they are close to each other in the vector space. Since the output of the PLM is fixed in length, the subsequent search procedure becomes independent of the column size. With a state-of-the-art approximate nearest neighbor search algorithm, the search time is sublinear in the repository size. To train the model, we devise the techniques for preparing training data as well as data augmentation. The experiments on real datasets demonstrate that by training on a small subset of a corpus, DeepJoin generalizes to large datasets and its precision consistently outperforms other approximate solutions'. DeepJoin is even more accurate than an exact solution to semantic joins when evaluated with labels from experts. Moreover, when equipped with a GPU, DeepJoin is up to two orders of magnitude faster than existing solutions.

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Khashi’ie, Najiyah Safwa, Iskandar Waini, Nurul Amira Zainal, et al. "Thermal Progress of Unsteady Separated Stagnation Point Flow with Magnetic Field and Heat Generation in Hybrid Ferrofluid." Nanomaterials 12, no. 18 (2022): 3205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12183205.

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This paper examines the unsteady separated stagnation point (USSP) flow and thermal progress of Fe3O4–CoFe2O4/H2O on a moving plate subject to the heat generation and MHD effects. The model of the flow includes the boundary layer and energy equations. These equations are then simplified with the aid of similarity variables. The numerical results are generated by the bvp4c function and then presented in graphs and tables. The magnetic and acceleration (strength of the stagnation point flow) parameters are the contributing factors in the augmentation of the skin friction and heat transfer coefficients. However, the enhancement of heat generation parameter up to 10% shows a reduction trend in the thermal rate distribution of Fe3O4–CoFe2O4/H2O. This finding reveals the effectiveness of heat absorption as compared to the heat generation in the thermal flow process. From the stability analysis, the first solution is the physical solution. The streamline for the first solution acts as a normal stagnation point flow, whereas the second solution splits into two regions, proving the occurrence of reverse flow.

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Meroño-Peñuela, Albert, Ashkan Ashkpour, Valentijn Gilissen, Jan Jonker, Tom Vreugdenhil, and Peter Doorn. "Improving Access to the Dutch Historical Censuses with Linked Open Data." Research Data Journal for the Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (2018): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24523666-01000010.

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The Dutch Historical Censuses (1795–1971) contain statistics that describe almost two centuries of History in the Netherlands. These censuses were conducted once every 10 years (with some exceptions) from 1795 to 1971. Researchers have used its wealth of demographic, occupational, and housing information to answer fundamental questions in social economic history. However, accessing these data has traditionally been a time consuming and knowledge intensive task. In this paper, we describe the outcomes of the cedar project, which make access to the digitized assets of the Dutch Historical Censuses easier, faster, and more reliable. This is achieved by using the data publishing paradigm of Linked Data from the Semantic Web. We use a digitized sample of 2,288 census tables to produce a linked dataset of more than 6.8 million statistical observations. The dataset is modeled using the rdf Data Cube, Open Annotation, and prov vocabularies. The contributions of representing this dataset as Linked Data are: (1) a uniform database interface for efficient querying of census data; (2) a standardized and reproducible data harmonization workflow; and (3) an augmentation of the dataset through richer connections to related resources on the Web.

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Ahmad, Sohail, Muhammad Ashraf, and Kashif Ali. "Nanofluid flow comprising gyrotactic microbes through a porous medium - a numerical study." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2020): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190712332a.

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Researchers have significantly contributed to heat transfer field and always made out much effort to find new solutions of heat transfer augmentation. In the concerned work, we have presented a novel study regarding heat and mass transfer flow of nanofluid in the presence of gyrotactic microbes through a porous medium past a stretching sheet. The nonlinear coupled ODEs are obtained after applying the persuasive tool of similarity transformation on governing model PDEs and then tackled numerically by exploiting the SOR (Successive over Relaxation) parameter method. The outcomes of assorted parameters for the flow are surveyed and discussed through graphs and tables. A graphical comparison is correlated with previously accomplished study and examined to be in an exceptional agreement. The culminations designate that the bioconvection Peclet number and microorganism concentration difference parameter enhance density of the motile microorganisms. Moreover, porosity parameter substantially increases shear stress on sheet surface. The addition of nanoparticles in microorganisms is beneficial to improvise the thermal efficiency of many systems like bacteria powered micro-mixers, microfluidics devices like micro-volumes and enzyme biosensor, microbial fuel cells and bio-microsystems like chip-shaped microdevices.

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Jones, M., VH Pinheiro, S. Church, S. Ball, and A. Williams. "EXTRA-ARTICULAR KNEE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTIONS USING LIGAMENT AUGMENTATION AND RECONSTRUCTION SYSTEM (LARS) SYNTHETIC GRAFTS IN ELITE ATHLETES." Orthopaedic Proceedings 105-B, SUPP_18 (2023): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1358-992x.2023.18.007.

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IntroductionTo determine if elite athletes can return to professional sport after MCL or posterolateral (PLC) reconstruction using LARS ligaments. The secondary aims are to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of LARS by reporting sport longevity, subsequent surgeries, and complications.MethodsA retrospective review of all extra-articular knee ligament reconstructions, utilising a LARS synthetic ligament, by 3 sports knee surgeons between 2013 and 2020 was undertaken. All elite athletes aged over 16 years and a minimum of 2 years post reconstruction were included. No LARS were used for ACL reconstructions, and they were excluded if a LARS ligament was used for a PCL reconstruction. Return to play (RTP) was defined as competing at professional level or national/ international level in amateur sport.ResultsSixty-four (84.2%) MCL reconstructions and 12 (15.8%) PLC reconstructions were included. 52 (68.4%) underwent concomitant autograft cruciate(s) reconstruction including 6 (7.8%) bicruciate reconstructions. The mean age was 25.1 years (SD +/− 4.50). 35 (46.1%) were footballers and 35 (46.1%) were rugby players. Sixty-seven athletes (88.2%) returned to elite sport, 7 (9.2%) did not RTP and RTP status was unknown for 2 (2.6%) (Figure 1). 65 out of 67 (97.0%) RTP at the same/higher Tegner level. 56 (83.6%) and 20 (57.1%) were still playing at 2- and 5-years post-surgery Six (7.9%) players required further surgery due to irritation from the metal fixation implants. One had an inflammation adjacent to the synthetic material at the femoral end and the other cases involved the tibial staples. All six cases were able to RTP. One athlete, following bicruciate /MCL surgery had the LARS removed due to laxity. There was one MCL re-rupture, sustained while jumping, 4 years after returning to football.ConclusionsUtilising LARS in extra-articular knee ligament reconstructions allows 88.2% of athletes with a variety of knee ligament injuries to return to elite sport. The results compare well regarding RTP, complication, and revision rates with the published evidence for other types of MCL and PLC grafts. This, coupled with 57% of athletes still playing 5 years post-surgery suggests the LARS is safe and effective in these cases.For any figures or tables, please contact authors directly.

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Steensma, Colin, Lidia Loukine, and Bernard Choi. "Portrait de la compression et de l’expansion de la morbidité au Canada : évolution de l’espérance de vie et de l’espérance de vie ajustée en fonction de la santé, 1994-2010." Promotion de la santé et prévention des maladies chroniques au Canada 37, no. 3 (2017): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.37.3.02f.

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Introduction Notre étude visait à examiner s’il y a eu une expansion ou une compression de la morbidité au Canada, à l’échelle tant nationale que provinciale, en suivantl’évolution de l’espérance de vie (EV) et de l’espérance de vie ajustée en fonction de la santé (EVAS) entre 1994 et 2010. Une « compression », qui correspond à une diminution de la proportion de la vie marquée par des problèmes de santé, survient lorsque l’EVAS augmente plus rapidement que l’EV. Inversement, une « expansion », qui désigne une augmentation de la proportion de la vie marquée par des problèmes de santé, survient lorsque l’EVAS est stable ou augmente plus lentement que l’EV. Méthodologie Nous avons estimé l’EV à l’aide des données de Statistique Canada sur la mortalité et sur la population. Nous avons utilisé les données sur la qualité de vie liée à la santé (c.-à-d. morbidité) de l’Enquête nationale sur la santé de la population (1994-1999) et de l’Enquête sur la santé dans les collectivités canadiennes (2000-2010) pour calculer l’EVAS. Nous avons établi des tables de mortalité abrégées pour sept intervalles de temps correspondant aux cycles d’enquête disponibles durant la période de 1994 à 2010, ainsi que pour les deux sexes et les dix provinces canadiennes. Les tendances nationales et provinciales ont été examinées à la naissance, à 20 ans et à 65 ans. Résultats Dans l’ensemble, nous avons constaté une hausse annuelle moyenne statistiquement significative de l’EVAS chez les deux sexes aux trois âges évalués, sauf chez les nouveau-nés de sexe féminin. L’EVAS à la naissance a augmenté en moyenne par année, entre 1994 et 2010, de 0,2 % (p = 0,08) chez les sujets de sexe féminin et de 0,3 % (p $lt; 0,001) chez ceux de sexe masculin. À l’échelle nationale, les trois groupes d’âge ont présenté une augmentation annuelle moyenne non statistiquement significative de la proportion de la vie marquée par des problèmes de santé, sauf les hommes de 65 ans, qui ont présenté une diminution non significative. À l’échelle provinciale, nous avons observé une augmentation significative de la proportion de la vie marquée par des problèmes de santé à Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador et à l’Île-du-Prince-Édouard. Conclusion Notre étude n’a fait ressortir aucune tendance générale nette indiquant une compression ou une expansion de la morbidité à l’échelle nationale au Canada entre 1994 et 2010. Nos résultats indiquent qu’il y a eu une expansion de la morbidité à Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador et à l’Île-du-Prince-Édouard. L’étude a mis en évidence l’importance de continuer à suivre les tendances à long terme concernant l’EV et l’EVAS pour vérifier la présence d’une compression ou d’une expansion de la morbidité. D’autres études devraient être entreprises pour éclaircir les causes de l’expansion de la morbidité observée à Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador et à l’Île-du-Prince-Édouard.

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Schlickenrieder, Anne, Ole Meyer, Jule Schönewolf, et al. "Automatized Detection and Categorization of Fissure Sealants from Intraoral Digital Photographs Using Artificial Intelligence." Diagnostics 11, no. 9 (2021): 1608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11091608.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the diagnostic performance of a trained convolutional neural network (CNN) for detecting and categorizing fissure sealants from intraoral photographs using the expert standard as reference. An image set consisting of 2352 digital photographs from permanent posterior teeth (461 unsealed tooth surfaces/1891 sealed surfaces) was divided into a training set (n = 1881/364/1517) and a test set (n = 471/97/374). All the images were scored according to the following categories: unsealed molar, intact, sufficient and insufficient sealant. Expert diagnoses served as the reference standard for cyclic training and repeated evaluation of the CNN (ResNeXt-101-32x8d), which was trained by using image augmentation and transfer learning. A statistical analysis was performed, including the calculation of contingency tables and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The results showed that the CNN accurately detected sealants in 98.7% of all the test images, corresponding to an AUC of 0.996. The diagnostic accuracy and AUC were 89.6% and 0.951, respectively, for intact sealant; 83.2% and 0.888, respectively, for sufficient sealant; 92.4 and 0.942, respectively, for insufficient sealant. On the basis of the documented results, it was concluded that good agreement with the reference standard could be achieved for automatized sealant detection by using artificial intelligence methods. Nevertheless, further research is necessary to improve the model performance.

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Lano, Charles F., Robert H. Ossoff, James A. Duncavage, Mark S. Courey, Lou Reinisch, and James L. Netterville. "Laryngotracheal Reconstruction in the Adult: A Ten Year Experience." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 107, no. 2 (1998): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949810700202.

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The purpose of this study is to retrospectively analyze our experience with airway reconstruction, to outline a new staging system for laryngotracheal (LT) stenosis, and to identify preoperatively those patients likely to fail reconstruction. We reviewed 41 patients who underwent 46 LT reconstructions over the past 10 years. Success was judged by the ability to decannulate patients within 1 year postoperatively. Of our patients, 63% were treated successfully, and an additional 17% had intermediate success. The techniques used for laryngotracheoplasty with augmentation grafting and tracheal resection are reviewed. Major complications, thoracic complications, and wound complications are presented. Each patient was staged by the McCaffrey staging system and Cotton grades. We propose a new staging system based on the extent of the stenosis throughout the glottis, subglottis, and trachea. It is logical and easy to use. Applied to our cases of LT stenosis retrospectively, the new system predicts clinical success (χ2, p = .05). Using contingency tables and χ2 testing for statistical evaluation, we found that diabetics have a significantly higher failure rate (χ2, p = .0002). Further, we identified a group of patients who in addition to the airway stenosis also had comorbid medical conditions that frequently necessitate a tracheostomy. These patients have a significantly higher failure rate (χ2, p = .009). Using this information and applying the staging system prior to reconstruction, we can identify patients likely to fail.

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El-dawy, H. A., Mohamed F. El-Amin, and Zehba A. Raizah. "Joule Heating and Viscous Dissipation Effects on a Stretching/Shrinking Cannel Filled by Micropolar Hybrid Nanofluid in Presence Thermal/Solar Radiation." Journal of Nanofluids 12, no. 3 (2023): 738–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jon.2023.1957.

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The main goal for this research is to investigate the effect of two composed hybrid nanoparticle materials in heat transfer with account several parameters and in two cases. In addition, exploring how the micropolar hybrid nanofluid (Cu–TiO2) behaves in a shrinking and expansion of the channel. The model considers external factors such as magnetic fields, heat radiation, and solar radiation. The boundary layer approach has been utilized to create transformations that pout the equations of the system in the dimensionless form. The shooting method has been combined with the fourth-order Runge-Kutta-Gill to numerically solve the modified ordinary differential equations. The impacts of the nanoparticles transport on the heat transfer and fluid flow are addressed, and the results are compared to the case of pure water. The velocity, isotherms, angular-velocity, and concentration distributions, are given in tables or graphs. It was found that the effect of heat on the hybrid nanofluids is directly proportional to its velocity and angular velocity. For mass fraction of the two nanofluids φ1 and φ2, the velocity profile f′(η) has a comparable influence for both hybrid nanofluid and nanofluid. The larger quantity of the factors φ1, φ2, M and Q enhance the temperature. For M, φ1 and φ2, the angular velocity profile g(η) has a comparable influence for both hybrid and magnetic parameter. The absorption parameter storing the radiation energy and augmentation of the solar irradiance immersion capacity leads to a greater heat transfer.

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Das, S., A. S. Banu, R. N. Jana, and O. D. Makinde. "Hall Current’s Impact on Ionized Ethylene Glycol Containing Metal Nanoparticles Flowing Through Vertical Permeable Channel." Journal of Nanofluids 11, no. 3 (2022): 453–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jon.2022.1842.

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From engineering and industrial perspectives, the transportation of non-Newtonian nanofluids in a magnetic environment has become an emergent research area. Motivated by its incessant boosting applications in advanced industries and technologies, a mathematical model is proposed to address the consequences of Hall currents on an unsteady magnetohydrodynamic flow of a partially ionized ethylene glycol (EG) transporting silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) through a vertical permeable channel subject to a strong transverse magnetic field, Darcy’s resistance, and thermal radiation. Ethylene glycol (EG) is considered as the base fluid. A uniform suction or injection is imposed at the channel walls. The thermal radiation effect is embraced in the energy equation. Closed-form solutions of the leading dimensionless equations are determined. The impacts of emerging parameters upon the flow profiles are examined and physically argued via profile graphs. The wall shear stresses and the rate of heat transfer are computed numerically, and numerical data on varying thermo-physical parameters are documented in tables. After a detailed analysis, it is documented that an augmentation in Hall parameter gives rise to the profiles of velocity components and shear stresses. Enlarging Casson parameter and Darcy number both urge the magnitude of the velocity components. A graphical comparison is provided for EG and Ag-EG nanofluid. The relatively lowest temperature is noted for Ag-EG nanofluid in comparison with EG. The current model may be featured in industrial processes, food processing, intelligent lubrication technology, high-energy cooling systems, auto cooling machines, etc. This study is very prolific to the analysts to understand the dynamics and heat transfer characteristics of non-Newtonian nanofluids through a straight channel subject to a strong magnetic field.

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24

LIANG, Yu-Lu, Helena TEEDE, Dimitra KOTSOPOULOS, et al. "Non-invasive measurements of arterial structure and function: repeatability, interrelationships and trial sample size." Clinical Science 95, no. 6 (1998): 669–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0950669.

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1. Repeatability of measurements of arterial compliance and flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery has been infrequently reported, despite increasing use in interventional and risk-factor modification studies. Furthermore, little is known about the interrelationships of the various indices. The purposes of this study were to determine the repeatability and interrelationships of a range of arterial indices. 2. Fifty healthy volunteers, 20 men and 30 women, aged 20–70 (mean 46.5) years, were studied on two occasions, using an identical protocol, at a mean interval of 2.5 weeks. Tonometry, ultrasound and Doppler technique were used to measure the following: carotid wall intima-media thickness (IMT), total systemic artery compliance (SAC), arterial pulse wave velocity [PWV aorto-femoral (A-F), and femoral-dorsalis pedis (F-D)], carotid distensibility coefficient (DC) and carotid augmentation index (AI). Brachial flow-mediated dilation was measured in 30 subjects with analysis of diameter change for 4 min post ischaemia. 3. There were no systematic differences over the observed range of measurements for any of the reported parameters. Coefficients of variation were as follows: IMT 2.8%, SAC 9.2%, PWV(A-F) 3.2%, PWV(F-D) 5.0%, DC 10.0%, AI 1.3%. Brachial flow-mediated dilation curves were not different between visits; changes were maximum 60-s post ischaemia. All indices of arterial compliance were significantly correlated with age. The three different indices of central arterial compliance [SAC, PWV(A-F) and AI] were significantly correlated with carotid intima-media thickness. 4. Under controlled experimental conditions there was good repeatability of measurements of indices between sessions of both intrinsic and functional arterial mechanical properties (central and carotid arterial compliance, intima-media thickness and brachial flow-mediated dilation). Sample size tables for clinical trials using these indices are presented.

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MESCHY, F. "Alimentation minérale et vitaminique des ruminants : actualisation des connaissances." INRAE Productions Animales 20, no. 2 (2007): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2007.20.2.3444.

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Cet article précise et actualise les apports journaliers recommandés (AJR) en éléments minéraux majeurs, oligo-éléments et vitamines. Pour le phosphore (P) et le calcium (Ca), le besoin d’entretien (BENT) est désormais calculé à partir de la matière sèche ingérée et du poids vif&nbsp;; pour Ca, BENT est supérieur pour les animaux en croissance et en lactation. Pour le magnésium (Mg), BENT est légèrement réévalué pour tenir compte d’une perte obligatoire dans l’urine sous-estimée jusqu’alors. Les besoins de production sont peu modifiés par rapport aux recommandations précédentes. Des recommandations concernant le bilan électrolytique alimentaire (BEA, K+ + Na+ - Cl-, en mEq/kg de MS) des rations selon les objectifs de production sont proposés&nbsp;; ainsi on recherchera un BEA < 50 en fin de gestation et de l’ordre de 250 pour la lactation. Les AJR en oligo-éléments sont inchangés sauf pour le cobalt qui passe de 0,1 à 0,3 mg/kg de MS de la ration en raison de son effet favorable pour la fonction cellulolytique des bactéries du rumen. La révision des AJR en vitamines A, D et E sur la base des dernières recommandations américaines se traduit par une augmentation des apports en vitamine A et E (surtout pendant la gestation). L’utilisation digestive de l’apport minéral est précisée par l’adoption de coefficients d’absorption réelle (CAR) par groupes d’aliments&nbsp;; les modifications portent surtout sur P, alors que pour Mg des valeurs différentes pour les ovins et les bovins-caprins sont recommandées, l’effet négatif de la teneur de K des rations sur l’absorption de Mg est quantifié pour les différentes catégories de ruminants. Dans le cadre de la révision des Tables de composition et de valeur nutritive des aliments des ruminants, la méthodologie qui consiste à établir des données de composition minérale des fourrages verts et d’utiliser ensuite des équations de passage pour les fourrages conservés est décrite.

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de Jongh, Etienne J., Sherilee L. Harper, Shelby S. Yamamoto, et al. "One Health, One Hive: A scoping review of honey bees, climate change, pollutants, and antimicrobial resistance." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (2022): e0242393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242393.

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Anthropogenic climate change and increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) together threaten the last 50 years of public health gains. Honey bees are a model One Health organism to investigate interactions between climate change and AMR. The objective of this scoping review was to examine the range, extent, and nature of published literature on the relationship between AMR and honey bees in the context of climate change and environmental pollutants. The review followed systematic search methods and reporting guidelines. A protocol was developed a priori in consultation with a research librarian. Resulting Boolean search strings were used to search Embase® via Ovid®, MEDLINE®, Scopus®, AGRICOLA™ and Web of Science™ databases. Two independent reviewers conducted two-stage screening on retrieved articles. To be included, the article had to examine honey bees, AMR, and either climate change or environmental pollution. Data, in accordance with Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, were extracted from relevant articles and descriptively synthesized in tables, figures, and narrative form. A total of 22 articles met the inclusion criteria, with half of all articles being published in the last five years (n = 11/22). These articles predominantly investigated hive immunocompetence and multi-drug resistance transporter downregulation (n = 11/22), susceptibility to pests (n = 16/22), especially American foulbrood (n = 9/22), and hive product augmentation (n = 3/22). This review identified key themes and gaps in the literature, including the need for future interdisciplinary research to explore the link between AMR and environmental change evidence streams in honey bees. We identified three potential linkages between pollutive and climatic factors and risk of AMR. These interconnections reaffirm the necessity of a One Health framework to tackle global threats and investigate complex issues that extend beyond honey bee research into the public health sector. It is integral that we view these “wicked” problems through an interdisciplinary lens to explore long-term strategies for change.

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Chepurnenko, Anton S., Tatiana N. Kondratieva, and Ebrahim Al-Wali. "Processing of Polymers Stress Relaxation Curves Using Machine Learning Methods." Baghdad Science Journal 20, no. 6(Suppl.) (2023): 2488. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.8819.

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Currently, one of the topical areas of application of machine learning methods is the prediction of material characteristics. The aim of this work is to develop machine learning models for determining the rheological properties of polymers from experimental stress relaxation curves. The paper presents an overview of the main directions of metaheuristic approaches (local search, evolutionary algorithms) to solving combinatorial optimization problems. Metaheuristic algorithms for solving some important combinatorial optimization problems are described, with special emphasis on the construction of decision trees. A comparative analysis of algorithms for solving the regression problem in CatBoost Regressor has been carried out. The object of the study is the generated data sets obtained on the basis of theoretical stress relaxation curves. Tables of initial data for training models for all samples are presented, a statistical analysis of the characteristics of the initial data sets is carried out. The total number of numerical experiments for all samples was 346020 variations. When developing the models, CatBoost artificial intelligence methods were used, regularization methods (Weight Decay, Decoupled Weight Decay Regularization, Augmentation) were used to improve the accuracy of the model, and the Z-Score method was used to normalize the data. As a result of the study, intelligent models were developed to determine the rheological parameters of polymers included in the generalized non-linear Maxwell-Gurevich equation (initial relaxation viscosity, velocity modulus) using generated data sets for the EDT-10 epoxy binder as an example. Based on the results of testing the models, the quality of the models was assessed, graphs of forecasts for trainees and test samples, graphs of forecast errors were plotted. Intelligent models are based on the CatBoost algorithm and implemented in the Jupyter Notebook environment in Python. The constructed models have passed the quality assessment according to the following metrics: MAE, MSE, RMSE, MAPE. The maximum value of model error predictions was 0.86 for the MAPE metric, and the minimum value of model error predictions was 0.001 for the MSE metric. Model performance estimates obtained during testing are valid.

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Chepurnenko, A. S., and T. N. Kondratieva. "Determining the Rheological Parameters of Polymers Using Machine Learning Techniques." Modern Trends in Construction, Urban and Territorial Planning 3, no. 1 (2024): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2949-1835-2024-3-1-71-83.

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Introduction. The paper investigates the methodology for determining the rheological parameters of materials based on the nonlinear Maxwell-Gurevich rheological model using the stress relaxation curves. The review of the main directions of the metaheuristic approaches (local search, evolutionary algorithms) to solving the combinatorial optimization problems is presented. The metaheuristic algorithms for solving some important combinatorial optimization problems with the special emphasis on building decision trees are described. The comparative analysis of the algorithms for solving the regression problem in CatBoost Regressor is carried out. The aim of the work is to determine the rheological properties of polymers using machine learning techniques.Materials and Methods. The objects of the study are the generated data sets obtained on the basis of the theoretical stress relaxation curves. The source data tables for model training across all samples are presented, and the statistical analysis of the source data sets characteristics is carried out. The total number of numerical experiments across all samples amounted to 346020 variations. To develop the models, the CatBoost artificial intelligence techniques were used; the regularization techniques (Weight Decay, Decoupled Weight Decay Regulation, Augmentation) were used to increase the model accuracy; and Z–Score technique was used for data normalization.Results. As a result of the research, the intelligent models for determining the rheological parameters of polymers (initial relaxation viscosity, velocity modulus) have been developed based on the generated data sets on the example of the epoxy binder EDT-10. Based on the testing results of the models with the best parameters, the quality assessments were carried out: for the parameter 𝜂∗0 the range of values MAPE 0.46 — 2.72, MSE 0.15 — 1.09, RMSE 0.19 — 0.44, MAPE 0.46 — 1.27; for the parameter 𝑚∗ — MAPE 0.07 — 0.32, MSE 0.01 — 0.13, RMSE 0.10 — 0.41, MAPE 0.58 — 2.72. The resulting metric values are permissible. The training graphs demonstrate the stability of the process.Discussion and Conclusion. The developed intelligent models are scalable and cross-platform, have practical applied significance that ensures their implementation in a wide range of the scientific and engineering apps.

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Zhang, Shuo, and Krisztian Balog. "Web Table Extraction, Retrieval, and Augmentation." ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology 11, no. 2 (2020): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3372117.

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Jan, Wajid Ullah, Muhammad Farooq, Aamir Khan, et al. "A Parametric Analysis of the Effect of Hybrid Nanoparticles on the Flow Field and Homogeneous-Heterogeneous Reaction between Squeezing Plates." Advances in Mathematical Physics 2022 (February 9, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2318436.

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Different strategies have been utilized by investigators with the intention of upgrading the thermal characteristics of ordinary liquids like water and kerosene oil. The focus is currently on hybrid nanomaterials since they are more efficient than nanofluids, so as to increase the thermal conductivity of fluids and mixtures. In a similar manner, this investigation is performed with the aim of breaking down the consistent mixed convection flow close to a two-dimensional unstable flow between two squeezing plates with homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction in the presence of hybrid nanoparticles of the porous medium. A sustainable suspension in the ethylene glycol with water is set by dissolving inorganic substances, iron oxide Fe 3 O 4 and cobalt (Co), to form Fe 3 O 4 − Co / C 2 H 6 O 2 − H 2 O hybrid nanofluid. The numerical and analytical model portraying the fluid flow has been planned, and similitude conditions have been determined with the assistance of the same transformations. The shooting technique has been used to solve nonlinear numerical solution. To check the validity of the results obtained from the shooting mode, the Matlab built-in function BVP4c and Mathematica built-in function homotopy analysis method (HAM) are used. The influence of rising parameters on velocity, temperature, skin friction factor, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number is evaluated with the help of graphs and tables. It has been found in this work that to acquire a productive thermal framework, the hybrid nanoparticles should be considered instead of a single sort of nanoparticles. In addition, the velocities of both the hybrid nanofluids and simple nanofluids are upgraded by the mixed convection boundary, whereas they are decreased by the porosity. An augmentation in volumetric fraction of nanoparticles correlates to an increment in the heat transmission rate. It is also found that heat transfer rate for Fe 3 O 4 − Co / C 2 H 6 O 2 − H 2 O hybrid nanofluids (HNF) is better than that of the Fe 3 O 4 − C 2 H 6 O 2 − H 2 O of single nanofluids (SNF). This research shows that hybrid nanofluids play a significant part in the transfer of heat and in the distribution of nanofluids at higher temperatures.

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Bajaj, A., M. Markandey, P. Sahu, et al. "P716 Exclusive Enteral Nutrition refurbishes beneficial gut microbiota in patients with Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 16, Supplement_1 (2022): i611—i612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab232.837.

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Abstract Background Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) acts as an adjunctive therapy to intravenous corticosteroids in patients with ASUC. Recently reported by Sahu et.al., patients with ASUC undergoing EEN showed reduced corticosteroid failure rates compared with standard-of-care (SOC) group1. While the mechanism of action of EEN is unclear, EEN is known to cause marked alterations in the gut microbiome. The present study extending the findings of Sahu et.al., aims to decipher the compositional changes in gut microbiome accompanying the EEN-augmented steroid responsiveness Methods In an open-label RCT, patients with ASUC were randomized 1:1 to EEN and SOC groups. Patients on EEN received a semi-elemental formula for 7 days along with SOC. The primary outcome was steroid failure, defined by the need for salvage medical intervention. Faecal microbial analysis was performed on day-0 and day-7 by 16S-rRNA gene sequencing. Processing of raw reads, ASV tables, diversity, and core microbiome analysis was done using QIIME2-2021.4. Differential abundance analysis (DAA) was performed using Deseq2. Results The α and β diversity indices showed deviation neither in EEN nor in SOC groups. EEN caused a shift in core microbiota of patients with ASUC, adding Streptococcus and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, while SOC could not change the core microbiota. DAA on the pre- and post-treatment samples showed that EEN resulted in diminished Ruminococcus gnavus, Escherichia sp., Bifidobacterium longum and Enterococcus sp., while the SOC led to reduction in beneficial F. prausnitziiand enhanced Escherichia. DAA between steroid responders and steroid non-responders in the EEN group, showed significant enhancement of Veillonella, Ligilactobacillus, Limosilactobacillus, Gamella, Enterococcus and Eggerthella in the SR group, while Schaalia, R.gnavus, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Haemophilus were elevated in SNR group. Conclusion ASUC accompanies gut dysbiosis. EEN refurbishes certain beneficial gut microbial genera, which may account for its augmentation of the steroid responsiveness in patients with ASUC. Reference 1. Sahu P, Kedia S, Vuyyuru SK, Bajaj A, Markandey M, Singh N, Singh M, Kante B, Kumar P, Ranjan M, et al. Randomised clinical trial: exclusive enteral nutrition versus standard of care for acute severe ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021.

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Kalyebi, A., W. A. Overholt, F. Schulthess, J. M. Mueke, and S. Sithanantham. "The effect of temperature and humidity on the bionomics of six African egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 96, no. 3 (2006): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ber2006429.

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AbstractThe life table statistics of six native Kenyan species/strains ofTrichogrammaandTrichogrammatoideawere established using a factitious hostCorcyra cephalonica, Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), at eight different temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 28, 30, 32 and 35°C) and two humidity levels (40–50 and 70–80%). The objective was to select insects with superior attributes for augmentative release against lepidopteran pests in horticultural crops. Both temperature and humidity affected developmental time and life table parameters of the parasitoids but temperature played a more critical role. Developmental time was inversely related to temperature. The intrinsic and finite rates of increase increased with temperature up to 30°C. Both net reproduction rate and intrinsic rate of increase were higher at the lower humidity. Temperature inversely affected generation time of parasitoid strains regardless of the relative humidity. Two strains ofTrichogrammasp. nr.mwanzaicollected from both low and medium altitudes andTrichogrammatoideasp. nr.luteafrom the mid-altitudes, were better adapted to both low and high temperatures than the other strains, as indicated by the high intrinsic and net reproductive rates, at both humidity levels. These three strains appear to be promising candidates for augmentation biocontrol against the African bollwormHelicoverpa armigerain Kenya.

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Lee, Seungwoo, Iksu Seo, Jongwon Seok, Yunsu Kim, and Dong Seog Han. "Active Sonar Target Classification with Power-Normalized Cepstral Coefficients and Convolutional Neural Network." Applied Sciences 10, no. 23 (2020): 8450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10238450.

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Detection and classification of unidentified underwater targets maneuvering in complex underwater environments are critical for active sonar systems. In previous studies, many detection methods were applied to separate targets from the clutter using signals that exceed a preset threshold determined by the sonar console operator. This is because the high signal-to-noise ratio target has enough feature vector components to separate. However, in a real environment, the signal-to-noise ratio of the received target does not always exceed the threshold. Therefore, a target detection algorithm for various target signal-to-noise ratio environments is required; strong clutter energy can lead to false detection, while weak target signals reduce the probability of detection. It also uses long pulse repetition intervals for long-range detection and high ambient noise, requiring classification processing for each ping without accumulating pings. In this study, a target classification algorithm is proposed that can be applied to signals in real underwater environments above the noise level without a threshold set by the sonar console operator, and the classification performance of the algorithm is verified. The active sonar for long-range target detection has low-resolution data; thus, feature vector extraction algorithms are required. Feature vectors are extracted from the experimental data using Power-Normalized Cepstral Coefficients for target classification. Feature vectors are also extracted with Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients and compared with the proposed algorithm. A convolutional neural network was employed as the classifier. In addition, the proposed algorithm is to be compared with the result of target classification using a spectrogram and convolutional neural network. Experimental data were obtained using a hull-mounted active sonar system operating on a Korean naval ship in the East Sea of South Korea and a real maneuvering underwater target. From the experimental data with 29 pings, we extracted 361 target and 3351 clutter data. It is difficult to collect real underwater target data from the real sea environment. Therefore, the number of target data was increased using the data augmentation technique. Eighty percent of the data was used for training and the rest was used for testing. Accuracy value curves and classification rate tables are presented for performance analysis and discussion. Results showed that the proposed algorithm has a higher classification rate than Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients without affecting the target classification by the signal level. Additionally, the obtained results showed that target classification is possible within one ping data without any ping accumulation.

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Shinde, Madhukar J., Umesh S. Sabale, and Savita S. Mehendale. "Programmed labour compared with expectant management: is it truly a need of new millennium?" International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 10 (2019): 4014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20194372.

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Background: The mechanism triggering the initiation of human parturition is still an enigma. At term a series of complex physiological, biochemical and physical processes cascade resulting in delivery of the fetus. This study deals exclusively with comparison of normal labour, induction of labour with prostaglandin, and with augmentation by intracervical insertion of PGE2 tablets, amniotomy and smooth muscle relaxant. Advantages and disadvantages of each of the above methods are compared with expectant management of labour. Aim of this study was to compare pros and cons of programmed labour that to with expectant management.Methods: Study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bharati Hospital and Research Centre, Pune. It was a prospective randomized clinical trial. 100 pregnant full term women, were selected for each group. At 0 hour primiprost tablet is inserted into the vagina close to the cervix. Frequency of repetition of tablet will be at three hours interval. Patient will be monitored.Results: The youngest one being of age 17 years and the eldest being of age 29 years. In this, we observed those primi and 2nd gravida patients 2-2 tablets each in latent phase and 1-1 tablets in active phase. The induction delivery Interval in primigravida was observed to be of average of 9 hours. While in II Gravida was 6.5 hours, in III Gravida 5.5 hours and in IV Gravida 4 hours.Conclusions: It has been proved beyond doubt that by programmed labour, the patient definitely can get the benefit of decrease in duration of labour.

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Peng, Phoebe, Huiyuan Sun, Alexandre Marcireau, et al. "Auditory sensory augmentation to support table tennis games for people with vision loss." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4_supplement (2023): A197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0023248.

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People with vision loss often face limitations in regular sports games with standard rules and equipment. For example, in current blind table tennis, conventional rules are modified so that the ball rolls along the table instead of bouncing. In this work, we propose an auditory sensory augmentation system to support traditional table tennis in three dimensions. We capture the trajectory of the table tennis ball using two neuromorphic event cameras and sonify the path of the ball using loudspeakers mounted near the left and right edges of the playing table. The two event cameras capture rapid changes in brightness allowing fast and precise ball tracking. The ball's 3D trajectory is then sonified using four lines of loudspeakers mounted at two different heights near the left and right edges of the playing table. We present a preliminary implementation and investigation of the proposed sensory augmentation system with a focus on the technical and perceptual challenges.

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Maimaiti, Mieradilijiang, Yang Liu, Huanbo Luan, Zegao Pan, and Maosong Sun. "Improving Data Augmentation for Low-Resource NMT Guided by POS-Tagging and Paraphrase Embedding." ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing 20, no. 6 (2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3464427.

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Data augmentation is an approach for several text generation tasks. Generally, in the machine translation paradigm, mainly in low-resource language scenarios, many data augmentation methods have been proposed. The most used approaches for generating pseudo data mainly lay in word omission, random sampling, or replacing some words in the text. However, previous methods barely guarantee the quality of augmented data. In this work, we try to build the data by using paraphrase embedding and POS-Tagging. Namely, we generate the fake monolingual corpus by replacing the main four POS-Tagging labels, such as noun, adjective, adverb, and verb, based on both the paraphrase table and their similarity. We select the bigger corpus size of the paraphrase table with word level and obtain the word embedding of each word in the table, then calculate the cosine similarity between these words and tagged words in the original sequence. In addition, we exploit the ranking algorithm to choose highly similar words to reduce semantic errors and leverage the POS-Tagging replacement to mitigate syntactic error to some extent. Experimental results show that our augmentation method consistently outperforms all previous SOTA methods on the low-resource language pairs in seven language pairs from four corpora by 1.16 to 2.39 BLEU points.

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Gupta, Rahul, and Sunita Sarawagi. "Answering table augmentation queries from unstructured lists on the web." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 2, no. 1 (2009): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/1687627.1687661.

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Friedman, Debra l., Suzanne Wolden, Louis Constine, et al. "AHOD0031: A Phase III Study of Dose-Intensive Therapy for Intermediate Risk Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group." Blood 116, no. 21 (2010): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.766.766.

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Abstract Abstract 766 The challenge in treating children with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is to continue progress in its curability while diminishing the risk for toxic events that compromise quality of life and survival. This therapeutic Phase III trial for patients with intermediate risk HL was designed to meet these tandem goals. Methods: Eligible patients had clinical stage I-IIA with bulk, I-IIAE, I-II B, IIIA-IVA with or without bulk. All patients initially received 2 cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vincristine, etoposide, prednisone and cyclophosphamide (ABVE-PC), at which point a response evaluation was performed. Rapid early (RER) versus slow early responder (SER) status was defined by CT imaging. All SER patients were randomized at the end of 2 cycles to an additional two cycles of ABVE-PC vs. 2 cycles of dexamethasone, etoposide, cisplatin and cytarabine (DECA) followed by 2 additional cycles of ABVE-PC. All SER patients received 21 Gy involved field radiotherapy (IFRT) following completion of chemotherapy. RER patients received 2 additional cycles of ABVE-PC followed by response evaluation by both CT and functional imaging (Gallium scintigraphy or FDG-PET). RER with complete responder (CR) status (RER/CR) patients were randomized to involved field radiotherapy (IFRT) or no further therapy. RER/non-CR patients were non-randomly assigned to IFRT. Tables 1 shows patient characteristics. Results: Among 1712 eligible patients, the event-free survival (EFS) at 3 years was 85.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 83.6 – 87.3%) for all patients, 87.1% (95% CI 84.9 – 89.0%) for RER patients vs. 77.8% (95% CI 72.0 – 82.5%) for SER patients (p=0.0001). Overall survival (OS) at 3 years was 98.2% (95% CI 97.3–98.8%) for all patients and differed between RER (98.7%) and SER patients (96.9%) (p=0.02). IFRT following 4 cycles of ABVE-PC did not appreciably improve outcome for RER/CR patients: 3-year EFS was 87.9% (95% CI 83.3–91.4%) for patients randomized to receive IFRT vs. 85.4% (95% CI 80.8–89.0%) for those randomized to no IFRT (p = 0.07). For SER patients randomized to DECA, 3-year EFS was 80.2% (95% CI 71.9–86.2%), and did not differ statistically from those who were randomized to no DECA, where the 3-year EFS was 75.6% (95% CI 67.1–82.2%). We conducted a secondary analysis of the data based on the FDG-PET response after two cycles of ABVE-PC. Among RER/CR patients, the 3-year EFS for those who were FDG-PET negative at the end of two cycles (PET2-) did not differ between those randomized to IFRT and no further therapy (86.1% vs. 86.5%). Among RER/CR patients who were FDG-PET positive or equivocal at the end of two cycles (PET+), there was no significant, but a slightly larger difference in 3-year EFS (82.5% for IFRT and 79.6% for no IFRT). Among SER patients who were PET2-, those randomized to no DECA had slightly better 3-year EFS (89.3%) compared to those randomized to DECA (86.9%), although the differences were not statistically significant. Among SER PET2+ patients, 3-year EFS was 75.1% for those treated with DECA compared with 57.4% for those treated without DECA (p=.08). Conclusions: Early response to chemotherapy is important in the optimization of subsequent treatment intensity in patients with HL. We have found that patients with RER followed by CR, particularly those who were PET2-, may not benefit from 21Gy IFRT. In addition, CT and PET both play an important role in defining response and titration of therapy. Augmentation with DECA did not improve the overall EFS for SER (which remained inferior to outcome for RER), but there was a trend toward improved outcome with DECA in SER patients who were PET2+. Alternative augmentation regimens may prove more effective than DECA; an ongoing COG trial is evaluating this hypothesis. Further analyses of the AHOD0031 cohort are being performed to assess the simultaneous contribution of disease and treatment factors to the role of early response to chemotherapy and subsequent titration of therapy with IFRT or additional chemotherapy. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Lee, Sung Hyun. "Comparison of Clinical Outcomes after Arthroscopic Anterior Talofibular Ligament Repair with or without Inferior Extensor Retinaculum Augmentation." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 5, no. 4 (2020): 2473011420S0032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011420s00325.

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Category: Sports; Arthroscopy Introduction/Purpose: Though several arthroscopic surgical techniques for the treatment of lateral instability of the ankle have been introduced recently; the effect for the inferior extensor retinaculum augmentation is remained unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes after arthroscopic anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) repair with or without additional retinaculum augmentation. Methods: We performed a retrospective review between 2017 and 2018 of 61 consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic ATFL repair surgery for chronic ankle lateral instability. The exclusion criteria were previous surgery on affected ankle and combined medial ligament instability. Demographic data were evaluated including age, gender, smoking, Body mass index, generalized hyperlaxity and concomitant lesions. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether retinaculum repair or not. Clinical results were analysed to compare groups A and R preoperatively and at minimum follow-up of 1 years by using the Visual Analogue Scale, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, Foot and Ankle Outcome score (FAOS), and Karlsson Ankle Functional Score. Radiologic outcome evaluations were performed preoperatively and at 2 year postoperatively at final follow-up using anterior talar translation, and talar tilt angle. Results: A total of 62 patients were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups: group A consisted of 29 patients who underwent only arthroscopic ATFL repair and group R consisted of 32 patients who underwent arthroscopic ATFL repair and additional retinaculum augmentation. There was no difference statistically between two group in demographics (Table 1). All clinical scores were improved after surgery in both groups. (P<0.001) There were no differences were found in VAS, AOFAS score, total FAOS and Karlsson score between two groups. However, sports activity unit in FAOS, there were significant differences between group A (71.4 +- 8.1) and group R (83.4 +- 8.6) (Table 2). (p=0.032) Radiographic data also showed no differences (Table 3). Conclusion: Arthroscopic ATFL repair achieved improved outcomes postoperatively with or without retinaculum augmentation. However, among physically active patients with chronic ankle lateral instability, arthroscopic ATFL repair with retinaculum augmentation results in better sports activity unit in FAOS as compare with arthroscopic ATFL repair alone.

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Alliano, Ashley, Kimberly Herriger, Anthony D. Koutsoftas, and Theresa E. Bartolotta. "A Review of 21 iPad Applications for Augmentative and Alternative Communication Purposes." Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication 21, no. 2 (2012): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/aac21.2.60.

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Abstract Using the iPad tablet for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) purposes can facilitate many communicative needs, is cost-effective, and is socially acceptable. Many individuals with communication difficulties can use iPad applications (apps) to augment communication, provide an alternative form of communication, or target receptive and expressive language goals. In this paper, we will review a collection of iPad apps that can be used to address a variety of receptive and expressive communication needs. Based on recommendations from Gosnell, Costello, and Shane (2011), we describe the features of 21 apps that can serve as a reference guide for speech-language pathologists. We systematically identified 21 apps that use symbols only, symbols and text-to-speech, and text-to-speech only. We provide descriptions of the purpose of each app, along with the following feature descriptions: speech settings, representation, display, feedback features, rate enhancement, access, motor competencies, and cost. In this review, we describe these apps and how individuals with complex communication needs can use them for a variety of communication purposes and to target a variety of treatment goals. We present information in a user-friendly table format that clinicians can use as a reference guide.

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Boster, Jamie, and John McCarthy. "When You Can't Touch a Touch Screen." Seminars in Speech and Language 38, no. 04 (2017): 286–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1604276.

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AbstractA touch screen can be an intuitive interface method for many people. Mobile phones, tablets, and tablet computer combinations have made this technology part of daily use. Touchscreen technologies are common and present unique difficulties for individuals who require alternative access methods. Dedicated augmentative and alternative communication systems continue to offer a range of access methods, but it is also important to examine existing accessibility options from mainstream companies (e.g., Microsoft [Redmond, WA], Apple [Cupertino, CA]) and how current tools can be used to allow individuals to interact with touch screen technologies. An overview of current accessibility features available on popular mainstream devices (e.g., Microsoft Surface, Apple iPad) is provided along with discussion of alternative access methods for current technologies, future research directions, and the potential impact of speech recognition, virtual reality, and augmented reality for interfacing with multiple devices.

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Wood, Henry, Katy Sanchez, Victoria Potter, et al. "Post-Transplant Flow Cytometry MRD Predicts Relapse in a Real World AML Cohort." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (2019): 4566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-131711.

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Previous data indicate that pre-transplant flow cytometry measurable residual disease (MRD) in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients in complete remission predicts relapse and survival. Diagnostic laboratories have started to report flow MRD (fMRD) at each AML disease assessment. We evaluated 83 consecutive patients with AML receiving allogeneic stem cell transplants at King's College Hospital (London, UK) in 2017-2018 to assess the significance of fMRD pre- and post-transplant. Flow MRD detection was based on leukaemia associated immunophenotype and 'difference from normal' strategies, reported at a sensitivity of 0.1%. Two timepoints were assessed: pre-transplant (post-induction) and day 100 post-transplant. Pre-transplant, 30 patients were excluded (9 active disease, 21 unknown fMRD) - of the remaining 53 patients in remission (<5% blasts by morphology), 15 were fMRD+ and 38 fMRD-. At day 100 post-transplant, 16 patients were excluded (14 died/relapsed, 2 no fMRD results) - of the remaining 67 patients, 7 were fMRD+ and 60 fMRD- at last assessment. Median follow up was 394 days (range 21-825) from transplant. Patient characteristics at each timepoint are listed in Tables 1 and 2. Outcome measures were overall survival (OS), relapse free survival (RFS), relapse and non-relapse mortality (NRM). Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed using the parameters listed in the tables. Pre-transplant, the only predictor of OS was recipient CMV positivity - HR 0.07 (95% CI 0.01-0.79), p=0.03. RFS was predicted by age ≥65 - HR 0.18 (95% CI 0.05-0.65), p=0.01, secondary AML (sAML) - HR 0.19 (95% CI 0.05-0.77), p=0.02 and CMV positivity - HR 0.16 (95% CI 0.04-0.69), p=0.01. Relapse was predicted by age ≥65 - HR 10.98 (95% CI 1.68-71.73), p=0.01, genetic risk: favourable versus adverse - HR 0.02 (95% CI 0.001-0.04), p<0.01, sAML - HR 14.53 (95% CI 1.26-167.13), p=0.03, performance status <90% - HR 13.35 (95% CI 1.39-128.59), p=0.03, CMV positivity - HR 9.30 (95% CI 1.00-86.38), p=0.05 and fMRD+ - HR 4.75 (95% CI 1.25-18.08), p=0.02. No parameter predicted NRM. A separate pre-transplant analysis was performed to include molecular MRD (mMRD). Fifty three patients were excluded (9 active disease, 50 not assessed for mMRD, 1 no available result) - in the remaining 23 patients (21 NPM1 mutated, 2 KMT2A rearranged), mMRD was not predictive of any outcome. Eight patients remained mMRD+ in remission post-transplant; 3 were initially mMRD- post-transplant, but became mMRD+ later. Only 2/11 patients relapsed - the others responded to augmentation of the graft versus leukaemia (GVL) effect by reduction of immunosuppression or donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI). At day 100 post-transplant, OS was predicted by age ≥65 - HR 0.001 (95% CI 2×10-6-0.23), p=0.01 and sAML - HR 0.002 (95% CI 3.6×10-5-0.11), p<0.01. RFS was predicted by CMV positivity - HR 0.07 (95% CI 0.01-0.34), p<0.01, fMRD+ - HR 0.04 (95% CI 0.01-0.36), p<0.01 and DLI - HR 8.93 (95% CI 1.23-64.54), p=0.03. Relapse was predicted by therapy-related AML - HR 10744.98 (95% CI 1.63-71043020.5), p=0.04, CMV positivity - HR 2297.13 (95% CI 6.38-826805.30), p=0.01, fMRD+ - HR 5475.48 (95% CI 27.04-1108709.83), p<0.01 and DLI - HR 0.02 (95% CI 0.002-0.30), p<0.01. No parameter predicted NRM. In our cohort, recipient CMV positivity was strongly associated with poor outcomes. Age, genetic risk and secondary disease were also important. Pre-transplant fMRD was predictive of relapse but not survival. At day 100 post-transplant, fMRD predicted both relapse and RFS; DLI was associated with a protective effect. Median time to relapse from fMRD+ at day 100 post-transplant was 89 days - relapse occurred in 5/7 patients. This contrasts with the sensitivity of NPM1 mMRD+ disease to the GVL effect. Further work is required both to confirm our findings in a larger cohort and to determine how best to manage patients who are fMRD+ post-transplant. Disclosures Off Label Use: Azacitidine (Vidaza) - used for prevention of relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukaemia. de Lavallade:Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding. Mufti:Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding. OffLabel Disclosure: Azacitidine (Vidaza) - used for prevention of relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukaemia

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Shota, Hoshika, Hiroyuki Sugaya, Norimasa Takahashi, et al. "Arthroscopic Soft Tissue Stabilization for Traumatic Anterior Shoulder Instability in Elite Collision Athletes: Is it Sufficient?" Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 7_suppl5 (2019): 2325967119S0027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119s00270.

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Objectives: Surgical options for shoulder instability in collision athletes remain controversial. Although arthroscopic soft tissue stabilization is widely accepted treatment for shoulder instability, many surgeons prefer coracoid transfer for collision athletes with or without glenoid defect due to potential high recurrence rate after arthroscopic soft tissue Bankart repair (ABR). In the meantime, Hill-Sacks remplissage (HSR) has been gaining popularity as an effective arthroscopic augmentation procedure. Since 2002, we performed rotator interval closure (RIC) as an augmentation in addition to ABR or arthroscopic bony Bankart repair (ABBR) for collision athletes and obtained satisfactory outcome. However, teen players demonstrated higher recurrence rate compared to twenties and thirties. Therefore, from 2012, we performed HSR as an additional augmentation for teen players besides ABR/ABBR and RIC. The purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes after arthroscopic stabilization in collision athletes who underwent shoulder stabilization under our treatment strategy. Methods: Between 2012 through 2015, 95 consecutive collision athletes underwent shoulder stabilization. Among those, only 2 patients (2%) underwent arthroscopic bony procedure for poor capsular integrity. Among the remaining 93 patients who underwent soft tissue stabilization, 65 were available for minimum 2 year follow-up (70%). Therefore, subjects consisted of 65 players including 54 rugby and 11 American football players (Table 1). There were 13 national top league, 24 collegeate, 21 junior or senior high school, and 7 recreational players. The mean age at surgery was 20 years (range, 16-36). The mean follow-up was 37 months (range, 24-64). We retrospectively reviewed intraoperative findings and surgical procedures using patient records including surgical reports and videos. We also investigated the mean time for sports return, functional outcome and recurrence rate. Pre- and postoperative Rowe scores were compared using paired t test. Results: Preoperative 3DCT of the glenoid demonstrated bony Bankart (fragment type) in 43 players (66%), attritional type in 16 (25%), and normal glenoid in 6 (9%). Mean glenoid bone loss was 15% (range, 0-25) and all of the glenoid with more than 10% bone loss retained bony fragment (Table 2). All 65 players demonstrated Bankart lesion and 15 had concomitant SLAP lesion (23%) which required repair. In addition, 5 players demonstrated capsule tear (8%), which were also repaired. Twenty four players (36%) underwent ABR or ABBR with RIC and forty one players (64%) underwent ABR or ABBR combined with HSR (Table 1).The mean time for sports return was 7 months (range, 4-13) after surgery. The mean Rowe score significantly improved after surgery from 65 (range, 55-75) to 92 (range, 65-100) (P < .001). Recurrence appeared in 2 cases (3%), both of which were junior or senior high school players who underwent ABR with HSR. Conclusion: Soft tissue stabilization combined with selective augmentation procedures for shoulder instability in collision athletes demonstrated satisfactory outcomes with low recurrence rate. Since the incidence of having bony Bankart lesion in collision athletes was very high, arthroscopic bony Bankart repair worked in many patients even with significant glenoid bone loss. Further, HSR seemed to be effective additional augmentation especially in young collision athletes. [Table: see text][Table: see text]

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Das, S., A. S. Banu, and R. N. Jana. "Delineating impacts of non-uniform wall temperature and concentration on time-dependent radiation-convection of Casson fluid under magnetic field and chemical reaction." World Journal of Engineering 18, no. 5 (2021): 780–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-11-2020-0607.

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Purpose In various kinds of materials processes, heat and mass transfer control in nuclear phenomena, constructing buildings, turbines and electronic circuits, etc., there are numerous problems that cannot be enlightened by uniform wall temperature. To explore such physical phenomena researchers incorporate non-uniform or ramped temperature conditions at the boundary, the purpose of this paper is to achieve the closed-form solution of a time-dependent magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer flow with heat and mass transfer of an electrically conducting non-Newtonian Casson fluid toward an infinite vertical plate subject to the ramped temperature and concentration (RTC). The consequences of chemical reaction in the mass equation and thermal radiation in the energy equation are encompassed in this analysis. The flow regime manifests with pertinent physical impacts of the magnetic field, thermal radiation, chemical reaction and heat generation/absorption. A first-order chemical reaction that is proportional to the concentration itself directly is assumed. The Rosseland approximation is adopted to describe the radiative heat flux in the energy equation. Design/methodology/approach The problem is formulated in terms of partial differential equations with the appropriate physical initial and boundary conditions. To make the governing equations dimensionless, some suitable non-dimensional variables are introduced. The resulting non-dimensional equations are solved analytically by applying the Laplace transform method. The mathematical expressions for skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are calculated and expressed in closed form. Impacts of various associated physical parameters on the pertinent flow quantities, namely, velocity, temperature and concentration profiles, skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number, are demonstrated and analyzed via graphs and tables. Findings Graphical analysis reveals that the boundary layer flow and heat and mass transfer attributes are significantly varied for the embedded physical parameters in the case of constant temperature and concentration (CTC) as compared to RTC. It is worthy to note that the fluid velocity is high with CTC and lower for RTC. Also, the fluid velocity declines with the augmentation of the magnetic parameter. Moreover, growth in thermal radiation leads to a declination in the temperature profile. Practical implications The proposed model has relevance in numerous engineering and technical procedures including industries related to polymers, area of chemical productions, nuclear energy, electronics and aerodynamics. Encouraged by such applications, the present work is undertaken. Originality/value Literature review unveils that sundry studies have been carried out in the presence of uniform wall temperature. Few studies have been conducted by considering non-uniform or ramped wall temperature and concentration. The authors are focused on an analytical investigation of an unsteady MHD boundary layer flow with heat and mass transfer of non-Newtonian Casson fluid past a moving plate subject to the RTC at the plate. Based on the authors’ knowledge, the present study has, so far, not appeared in scientific communications. Obtained analytical solutions are verified by considering particular cases of the published works.

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Badlani, Chandni N., Shraddha S. Shastri, and Neelesh S. Risbud. "A study of vaginal misoprostol tablet versus intra cervical dinoprostone gel for the induction of labour." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 4 (2017): 1404. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20171399.

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Background: This was a comparative study conducted to compare the effectiveness of 25 microgram of intravaginal misoprostol with intracervical dinoprostone gel in terms of efficacy of drug, feto-maternal outcome, side effects and complications of drugs.Methods: 400 nulliparas at term, admitted for induction of labor were included in this study. They were randomly selected to receive either intravaginal misoprostol or intracervical dinoprostone gel. Group A (200 women) recieved tablet misoprostol 25 micrograms vaginally 4 hrly to a maximum of 3 doses and Group B (200 women) received dinoprostone gel 0.5mg intracervically 6 hrly to a maximum of 3 doses. Comparison was done in terms of Induction to delivery interval, need for augmentation, LSCS and instrumentation rate, need for NICU admissions and cost effectiveness.Results: The mean induction to delivery interval was less in the misoprostol group than dinoprostone group (12.5 hrs vs. 20 hrs). 78% patients delivered in the first 24 hrs in misoprostol group compared to 52 % patients in dinoprostone group. Group A had a higher success rate (81% vs.76%) and also required less augmentation of labor ( 30% vs. 60%) compared to group B. Need for LSCS was also lower in misoprostol group (11% vs. 16%). Need for instrumentation and incidence of NICU admission was similar in both groups. Misoprostol was more cost effective compared to dinoprostone.Conclusions: The misoprostol group had a shorter induction to delivery interval, more number of deliveries in the first 24 hrs of induction and a reduced need of augmentation of labor with oxytocin. There was no significant difference in the rate of caesarean section, hyper-stimulation syndrome, neonatal and maternal morbidity between the two groups. Thus, misoprosol appears to be safer, cheaper and more efficacious alternative for induction of labor especially for non-fetal indications as compared to dinoprostone gel.

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Lichty, Patrick. "The Aesthetics of Liminality: Augmentation as Artform." Leonardo 47, no. 4 (2014): 325–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_00837.

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From ARToolkit’s emergence in the 1990s to the emergence of augmented reality (AR) as an art medium in the 2010s, AR has developed as a number of evidential sites. As an extension of virtual media, it merges real-time pattern recognition with goggles (finally realizing William Gibson’s sci-fi fantasy) or handheld devices. This creates a welding of real-time media and virtual reality, or an optically registered simulation overlaid upon an actual spatial environment. Commercial applications are numerous, including entertainment, sales, and navigation. Even though AR-based works can be traced back to the late 1990s, AR work requires some understanding of coding and tethered imaging equipment. It was not until marker-based AR, affording lower entries to usage, as well as geo-locational AR-based media, using handheld devices and tablets, that augmented reality as an art medium would propagate. While one can argue that AR-based art is a convergence of handheld device art and virtual reality, there are intrinsic gestures specific to augmented reality that make it unique. The author looks at some historical examples of AR as well as critical issues of AR-based gestures such as compounding the gaze, problematizing the retinal, and the representational issues of informatic overlays. This generates four gestural vectors, analogous to those defined in “The Translation of Art in Virtual Worlds,” which is examined through case studies. From this, a visual theory of augmentation will be proposed.

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Ruojun, Yao, Ma Guangwen, and Jin Lianghai. "Research for Global Coordinating Method of Large Equipment Scheduling in Construction Site." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/127574.

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Much energy is dissipated when large equipment moves slowly. Generally, equipment scheduling at construction site is supposed to minimize equipment slowdown and deadhead moving. Table methods are always adopted to optimize transfer sequence, but the feasible solution is well disappointing. For the acceptable solution relevant to task points in construction equipment scheduling, transfer table is divided into four regions. After proper augmentation and deflation, the acceptable solution evolves into global coordinating solution of construction scheduling, which contributes to minimizing slowdown and deadhead mileages. This method has been verified in practical engineering and is a significant reference on decision making of construction equipment scheduling.

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Bianchi, Carlo, Raniero Carrara, Sonia Khirani, and Maria Chiara Tuccio. "Independent Cough Flow Augmentation by Glossopharyngeal Breathing Plus Table Thrust in Muscular Dystrophy." American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 93, no. 1 (2014): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phm.0b013e3182975bfa.

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Chou, Chientzu Candace, and Lanise Block. "The Mismatched Expectations of iPad Integration Between Teachers and Students in Secondary Schools." Journal of Educational Computing Research 57, no. 5 (2018): 1281–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0735633118784720.

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While tablets and lightweight laptops have become commonplace in the K-12 classrooms, previous studies have shown mixed results on the effectiveness of these mobile devices with respect to learning. Based on the Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, and Redefinition pedagogical framework and the international society for technology in education technology standards, this mixed-methods research study examined what teachers in a large diverse urban school district in Midwest United States did in their classrooms and what students expected from learning with iPads. The results show that the majority of instructional activities are at the levels of Substitution and Augmentation that focus on information search, worksheet practice, and online textbook reading, even though student perceptions reflected strong expectation of utilizing iPads for tasks that involved communication, collaboration, creativity, and critical thinking. Multiple factors that contributed to mismatched instructional patterns and student expectations are highlighted in the study.

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Putnam, Tonya L. "Mingling and Strategic Augmentation of International Legal Obligations." International Organization 74, no. 1 (2020): 31–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818319000377.

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AbstractManaging foreign affairs is in no small measure about anticipating the actions (and non-actions) of others, and about taking steps to limit the unexpected—and the undesired. Law has long been recognized as important to these tasks. Nevertheless, standard IR treatments often overlook important properties of law, even when trying to account for international law's effects on behavior. Chief among these overlooked properties is the fact that legal rules are formulated for general use, which means their provisions lack determinate meaning in relation to the full range of facts they may be applied to. Selecting and using legal rules to guide or assess behavior thus requires interpretation. Self-interested actors may differ regarding the applicability, scope, or meaning of individual rules, and still more so where multiple legal rules are in play. In situations where political stakes are high, powerful actors may not be content to leave all options on the table. Instead they may use interpretative tactics to mingle obligations from different agreements and, where needed, to augment relevant legal obligations in efforts to prospectively ensure, in the mode of Riker's heresthetics, that interlocutors feel compelled by legal circumstances to enact the more powerful actor's preferences. I demonstrate how agreement mingling and augmentation function in complex legal environments by reexaming US efforts to insulate its citizens from unwanted exercises of jurisdiction by the International Criminal Court (ICC).

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