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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Atlantique (océan) – Effets du réchauffement de la Terre"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Atlantique (océan) – Effets du réchauffement de la Terre"
Saucier, François J., François Roy, Simon Senneville, Gregory Smith, Denis Lefaivre, Bruno Zakardjian y Jean-François Dumais. "Modélisation de la circulation dans l’estuaire et le golfe du Saint-Laurent en réponse aux variations du débit d’eau douce et des vents". 22, n.º 2 (15 de junio de 2009): 159–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/037480ar.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Atlantique (océan) – Effets du réchauffement de la Terre"
Lenoir, Sylvain. "Impact du réchauffement climatique sur la distribution spatiale des ressources halieutiques le long du littoral français : observations et scénarios". Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10047/document.
Texto completoThis aims to study the impact of climate warming on the spatial distribution of fish in the North Atlantic, using the new habitat model called the Non-Parametric Probabilistic Ecological Niche Model (NPPEN). The model NPPEN is nonparametric and requires only presence data. It is based on concept of the ecological niche sensu Hutchinson. The model NPPEN tests the Mahalanobis generalised distance by permutations to produce and map the probability of species occurrence. The model is therefore well suited to study expected changes in the biogeography of marine species at macro-scale. Applying this new model on more than fifty marine species in the North Atlantic, has highlighted the impact of global warming on the biogeography of species, structure and trophodynamic of the marine ecosystem. Disruption, already observed in spatial distribution and abundance (probability of occurrence) of fish species such as Atlantic cod and lesser sandeel were found again. The majority of species will move northward to stay in an environment consistent with their ecological niche. The intensity and rapidity of the biogeographic movements expected, as the balance of gains or losses in the spatial range differ among fish; governed by the ability of species movement, their range of environmental tolerance (niche breadth) and the intensity of global warming
Drouet, Kévin. "Impact de la température sur la biogéographie et la phénologie des dinoflagellés benthiques toxiques du genre Ostreopsis en Méditerranée et en Atlantique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS379.
Texto completoHarmful algal blooms (HABs) associated with the toxic benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis spp. are increasing around the world and responsible for sanitary, economic and ecological issues. The increasing number of reports of this dinoflagellate in recent decades suggests that climate change, and more particularly ocean warming, may be partly responsible for its expansion, especially in temperate zones. However, this link between warming waters and the development of Ostreopsis spp. blooms is difficult to prove and data concerning distribution areas or cellular responses to thermal variations are still lacking. This PhD thesis work provides new elements to answer this issue by addressing three main themes: 1) the phenology of blooms, 2) the distribution of species along a latitudinal gradient and 3) physiological adaptations to a temperature gradient. These questions were addressed by keeping the effect of temperature on the ecology of Ostreopsis spp. as the main thread and link between the three questions asked. This work was carried out using a multidisciplinary approach including statistical analyzes of datasets, genetic approaches based on environmental DNA, as well as ecophysiology and ecotoxicology approaches. The data used were acquired both from samples collected in the field and from experiments in a controlled environment in the laboratory. To meet the first objective, we analyzed the time series resulting from the ongoing monitoring of O. cf. ovata summer blooms in Monaco (NW Mediterranean Sea) set up since 2007 in order to determine the relationship between blooms phenology and environmental parameters. Although no environmental factor measured was able to fully explain the phenology of blooms, a strong positive correlation was found between positive sea surface temperature anomalies during spring and the timing of blooms, suggesting that the warmer the spring, the earlier the blooms of O. cf. ovata in Monaco. The second question of the thesis was addressed by analyzing new samples collected as part of a sampling campaign conducted along the coast of the Bay of Biscay in August-September 2018. This campaign aimed to establish the current distribution of Ostreopsis spp. in this area exhibiting a strong South-North thermal gradient, in order to initiate the analysis of a possible future expansion due to ocean warming. The processed results combined a classic benthic sampling approach, the use of artificial substrates for the collection of environmental DNA analyzed through molecular tools (rt-qPCR) as well as a Lagrangian modeling approach aiming at establishing the connectivity between sampling areas. We showed that only O. cf. siamensis was present in the Bay and that it could be found in certain areas up until the entrance to the English Channel, although blooms of O. cf. siamensis were only observed in the southeastern part of the Bay. This study allowed us to identify sentinel zones along the Bay of Biscay where new long-term monitoring could be set up in order to observe the potential expansion of O. cf. siamensis towards the North of the bay. Finally, the response of Ostreopsis spp. in relation with varying temperatures was studied in terms of growth capacity, physiological adaptations and toxicity in a thermal acclimation experiment. Different monoclonal strains were compared, including strains of O. cf. siamensis isolated in the Bay of Biscay during our 2018 campaign, as well as strains of O. cf. ovata from the northwestern Mediterranean Sea, correspongind to the two areas studied this thesis. The first results of this experiment indicate that the strains of O. cf. siamensis are able to acclimate and grow at temperatures between 16 ° C and 25 ° C, with an optimum growth temperature estimated around 22 ° C. In addition, the strains of O. cf. siamensis exhibited a higher level of toxicity at 22°C and 25°C than at 16°C and 19°C, indicating an effect of temperature on the toxicity of Ostreopsis spp. [...]
Pouvreau, Nicolas. "Trois cents ans de mesures marégraphiques en France : outils, méthodes et tendances des composantes du niveau de la mer au port de Brest". Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00353660.
Texto completoCette évolution aura un impact sur les populations côtières et sera à l'origine de risques naturels accrus.
Ainsi les composantes du niveau marin font l'objet de nombreux travaux scientifiques d'autant qu'ils font partie des meilleurs indicateurs pour évaluer le réchauffement climatique. Les études montrent qu'il faut disposer de séries temporelles de mesures supérieures à 60 ans pour estimer des tendances fiables sur les composantes du niveau marin. L'observation et la reconstitution des fluctuations de ce niveau sur les derniers siècles s'inscrivent au coeur des grands programmes de recherche sur le réchauffement planétaire.
Ces estimations masquent une grande variabilité d'une région à une autre. Qu'en est-il pour la côte atlantique française ? Le niveau moyen de la mer a-t-il évolué ? Quand ? De combien ? Autant de questions auxquelles nous allons tenter de répondre dans la partie II avec la série marégraphique de Brest, observatoire exceptionnel où des mesures systématiques du niveau de la mer sont réalisées depuis 1679 !
Mais avant cela, il était nécessaire de rechercher toutes les données anciennes de marégraphie potentiellement encore en archives, et dont la validation devait se révéler difficile. La partie I traite alors de l'évolution des méthodes d'observation du niveau marin en France, préalable indispensable au ciblage de nos recherches de mesures anciennes, d'une part, et donnée fondamentale pour compléter les séries d'observations contemporaines par les mesures anciennes retrouvées, d'autre part.
Valdizan, Alexandra. "Bases biologiques de la prolifération d'un Gastéropode invasif de la côte Atlantique européenne, Crepidula fornicata". Nantes, 2011. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=9ddc1e3b-5ea8-4525-b449-ea1c434480dc.
Texto completoCrepidula fornicata proliferation is in part due to its reproductive capacities. Our work has detailed, for the first time, the gametogenic cycle of the reproduction of this species in Bourgneuf Bay, showing the importance of gamete atresia in this cycle. At the same time, an allogen agent was observed for the first time in C. Fornicata digestive gland. Both reproductive effort and allogen agent infestation rate have been correlated to the recently water warming in the Bay. Fertilization and development experiments have demonstrated the unfold of young stages incubated. These works, on young stages coming from external fertilizations or excapsulations, underline the importance of internal fertilization and incubation, permitting to consider a strategy of C. Fornicata biomass control, less costly than actual techniques. More precise investigations on the reproductive system, using electonic microscopy, have permitted to elucidate aspects that where still unknown : spermatozoïde storage in the spermatheca, morphology and ultrastructure of spermatozoïdes. These informations explain subjects like phylogeny and sperm storage. Certains aspects of Crepidula fornicata reproduction present advantages compared to the oyster Crassostrea gigas, produced habitats colonized by in C. Fornicata, and this invasive species may harbour a subset of allogen agent than can potentially be transmited to sympatric species
Silvy, Yona. "Emergence des changements de température et de salinité dans l’océan intérieur en réponse au changement climatique : échelles de temps et mécanismes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS124.
Texto completoHuman-induced climate change is already affecting every inhabited region of the planet. Yet, over 90% of the excess heat associated with human activities has been absorbed by the ocean since the 1970s, which acts to largely damp atmospheric warming, but has large impacts on human societies and marine life. In this thesis, I explore when and where thermohaline changes in the ocean interior become large enough to be unambiguously set apart from internal variability and investigate their associated physical drivers, using ensembles of climate models and dedicated numerical experiments. We find that the climate signal in the upper ocean water-masses emerges between the late 20th century and the first decades of the 21st. The Southern Hemisphere mid-latitude Mode Waters emerge before their Northern Hemisphere counterparts. The associated warming at these timescales is mostly caused by the uptake of heat from the atmosphere, passively transported into the ocean interior. In the deeper parts of the ocean, circulation changes play a more important role in the emergence timescales of the climate signals. Increased buoyancy gain at the surface in the subpolar areas cause a slowdown in the meridional overturning circulation. This warms the subsurface and abyssal waters in the Southern Ocean as soon as the mid-20th century, adding up to the weaker passive uptake of heat, but counteracts it in the deep North Atlantic over the 21st, delaying the emergence. Although climate models miss some important aspects of the ocean response to climate change, they allow to shed light on the balance of processes at play, and suggest anthropogenic influence has already spread to large parts of the ocean