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1
Gibbeson, Carolyn Fay. "After the asylum : place, value and heritage in the redevelopment of historic former asylums". Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/4159.
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Stigma has been seen as a barrier to the adaptation and reuse of buildings and for historic former asylums, the fear of the "madhouse" has been argued to have transferred to the buildings themselves. They are buildings which are both socially and historically challenging. However, as these sites have closed and have begun to be converted into residential accommodation, the negative perceptions of the asylum appear to have eased, to be replaced by an appreciation of their built form through their architectural and heritage features. Research into the reuse of historic former asylum sites is limited, as is research exploring the subjective or emotional influences on property development decisions. This research addressed this gap by investigating the phenomenon of reuse of historic former asylums. It did so through the examination of the intersecting factors involved in that process; the perceptions of the stakeholders in respect of place attachments, stigmas, and values ascribed to the sites. It also investigated the perceptions that stakeholders had of themselves, each other and the re-development process. Three historic former asylums in the North of England were identified to provide context to this research: St Mary's in Stannington, Northumberland, St George's in Morpeth, Northumberland and Lancaster Moor Hospital in Lancaster. Within the context of each of these sites, interviews were carried out with the different stakeholder groups involved in the redevelopment of these sites. These stakeholders were planners, developers, heritage bodies, former staff members and the owners of the sites. The public was also surveyed in Morpeth and Lancaster through questionnaires, as were new residents of converted former asylum sites. Through the analysis from this data collection, it was found that an acceptable level of stigma surrounding these sites persisted; any stigma that remained did not prevent the reuse and redevelopments from taking place. The buildings were viewed as heritage buildings but predominantly from an age or aesthetical value perspective rather than being valued for their specific history. However, this history was not simply forgotten or erased, it was often incorporated or used in subtle ways within the developments, the level to which depended on the individual developer and site concerned. This research brought together two areas of research in the built environment which are not often combined: heritage and real estate. The examination of the reuse of historic former asylum sites showed more fully the valorisation process of a historic iii building through the redevelopment and reuse process. In doing so, it highlighted that the reuse and redevelopment process of historic former asylum sites was a complex one. The valorisation of the sites through their age and aesthetics was connected to their perceived economic value which enabled the sites to be converted by developers; as the sites become reappraised as heritage and therefore valued as such, this consequently created a perception of economic value and therefore a demand for the properties. This research project also highlighted that as well as a perception of value, people were attached to these sites, including some of the professional stakeholders involved in the development process. Former staff members were strongly attached due to the length of time they had spent working and living on the sites. Some of the development professionals also expressed attachment or a sense of responsibility for sites that they worked on. This was an unexpected finding as they only worked on the sites for a relatively short time and were seen by themselves, as professionals, to be objective in their working lives. This revealed an interesting juxtaposition in that the professionals felt that they were objective experts in the process, unhindered by the emotions those non-development stakeholders were thought to feel. In fact, many of those non-development stakeholders held pragmatic views about the need for something to happen with the empty sites, something not anticipated by the development stakeholders.
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Bishop, Beatriz Fontanive. "Gardens, Prisons, and Asylums: Metaphors for School". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1555104210701004.
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Philo, Christopher Paul. "The space reserved for insanity : studies in the historical geography of the mad-business in England and Wales". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272939.
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Burrows, Elizabeth Mary. "Enigmatic icon : a biographical reappraisal of a Victorian alienist; John Conolly M.D., D.C.L. 1794-1866". Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322178.
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Rutherford, Sarah. "The landscapes of public lunatic asylums in England, 1808-1914". Thesis, De Montfort University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4783.
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Ross, Kim A. "The locational history of Scotland's district lunatic asylums, 1857-1913". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5320/.
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This thesis looks into the later ‘Asylum Age’ in Scotland, concentrating on the legislation and construction of Scotland’s district lunatic asylums from the passing of the Lunacy (Scotland) Act, 1857 to the Mental Deficiency and Lunacy (Scotland) Act, 1913. Concentrating on the specific geographies of the asylums, what Foucault refers to as “the space reserved by society for insanity” (Foucault, 1965:251), the thesis weaves a new route between previous radical/critical and progressive/simplistic interpretations of the ‘Asylum Age’, by integrating a Foucauldian interpretation with non-representational theories around the engineering of affective atmospheres. This more nuanced approach, which concentrates on the ‘affective power’ of the institutions across different geographical scales (site and situation, grounds and buildings), recognises the ways in which Scotland’s district asylums, constructed predominantly for pauper patients, were moulded and reshaped as the discourses around the treatment of insanity were developed. The moral, medical and hygienic dimensions to the discourses ultimately outlined the institutional geography, by having a profound influence on asylum location and layout. The ideal district ‘blueprint’ for asylum siting and design, as put forward by the Scottish Lunacy Commissioners, is uncovered and reconstructed by ‘picking out’ the macro and micro-geographies discussed in the annual reports of the General Board. The research then moves to uncover the system ‘on the ground’ as it was constructed in bricks-and-mortar by the various district boards. As asylum location and architecture was a relatively novel concern, questions of siting and design became more pertinent, and indeed central, in institutional planning during the decades after the mid-century lunacy reforms. Thus, despite periods of waning enthusiasm for the institution as a mechanism for ‘curing’ insanity, fitting the building to its purposes continually involved a variety of structural innovations, stylistic refinements and new ways of organising the external and internal spaces of the asylums.
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Bartlett, Peter. "The poor law of lunacy : the administration of pauper lunatics in mid-nineteenth century England, with special emphasis on Leicestershire and Rutland". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1993. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317954/.
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Previous historical studies of the care of the insane in nineteenth century England have been based in the history of medicine. In this thesis, such care is placed in the context of the English poor law. The theory of the 1834 poor law was essentially silent on the treatment of the insane. That did not mean that developments in poor law had no effect only that the effects must be established by examination of administrative practices. To that end, this thesis focuses on the networks of administration of the poor law of lunacy, from 1834 to 1870. County asylums, a creation of the old (pre-1834) poor law, grew in numbers and scale only under the new poor law. While remaining under the authority of local Justices of the Peace, mid-century legislation provided an increasing role for local poor law staff in the admissions process. At the same time, workhouse care of the insane increased. Medical specialists in lunacy were generally excluded from local admissions decisions. The role of central commissioners was limited to inspecting and reporting; actual decision-making remained at the local level. The webs of influence between these administrators are traced, and the criteria they used to make decisions identified. The Leicestershire and Rutland Lunatic asylum provides a local study of these relations. Particular attention is given to admission documents and casebooks for those admitted to the asylum between 1861 and 1865. The examination of the asylum documents, the analysis of the broader relationships of the administrators, and a reading of the legislation itself, all point up tensions between ideologies of the old and new poor law in the administration of pauper lunacy.
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Day, Cheryl. "Magnificence, misery and madness : a history of the Kew Asylum 1872-1915 /". Connect to thesis, 1998. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/2443.
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The Kew Asylum has been a dominant feature of Melbourne’s built environment for over 100 years. In addition to the visual impact it has made on Melbourne’s skyline it has been very much a part of the psychological landscape of the collective imagination of the city’s inhabitants. Despite this, comparatively little has been written about its impact on society, and almost nothing has been recorded in any comprehensive sense, about its occupants or inmates. This dissertation aims to go some way towards redressing this, not with a broad sweep institutional biography, but with an intimate portrait of the asylum’s earliest days. Covering a time frame of less than 50 years, this thesis adopts a multi-theoretical approach in order to illuminate the different facets of asylum life with the maximum clarity. The thesis contains several themes, some of which overlap and interweave in order to examine the complexity of institutional life.
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Bhattacharyya, Anouska. "Indian Insanes: Lunacy in the 'Native' Asylums of Colonial India, 1858-1912". Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11204.
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The new Government of India did not introduce legislation for `native' lunacy in colonial India as a measure of social control after the uprisings of 1857-8; discussions about Indian insanes had already occurred in 1856, following asylum and pauper reform in Victorian England. With the 1858 Lunacy Acts, native lunatic asylums occupied an unsteady position between judicial and medical branches of this government. British officers were too constrained by their inexperience of asylums and of India to be effective superintendents and impose a coherent psychiatry within. They relied on their subordinate staff who were recruited from the communities that surrounded each asylum. Alongside staff and patients, the asylums were populated by tea sellers, local visitors, janitors, cooks and holy men, all of whom presented alternate and complementary ideas about the treatment and care of Indian insanes. By 1912, these asylums had been transformed into archetypal colonial institutions, strict with psychiatric doctrine and filled with Western-trained Indian doctors who entertained no alternate belief systems in these colonial spaces. How did these fluid and heterogeneous spaces become the archetypes of colonial power?History of Science
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Halliday, Emma Catherine. "Themes in Scottish asylum culture : the hospitalisation of the Scottish asylum 1880-1914". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3265.
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Having embarked on a vast journey of asylum construction from the 1860s, Scottish mental health care faced uncertainty as to the appropriate role of the asylum by the 1880s. Whereas the mid century was dominated by official efforts to lessen the asylum's custodial image, late Victorian asylum culture encompassed both traditional and new themes in the treatment and care of patients. These themes included hospitalisation, traditional moral approaches, and wider social influences such as the poor law, philanthropy, endemic disease and Victorian ethics. In an age of medical advance, Scottish asylum doctors and administrators introduced hospitalisation in a bid to enhance the status of asylum culture. The hospitalisation of the asylum was attempted through architectural change, transitions in mental nursing and the pursuit of laboratory research. Yet as a movement, hospitalisation was largely ornamental. Although hospitalisation paved the way for impressive new buildings, there was little additional funding to improve asylum infrastructure by raising nursing standards or to conduct laboratory research work. While the Commissioners in Lunacy proclaimed `hospitalisation' to be a distinctive part of the Scottish approach of mental health care, the policy's origins lay not with the policy makers but with individual medical superintendents. Although hospitalisation became an official approach by the General Board of Lunacy, like any other theme in asylum culture, the extent of hospitalisation's implementation relied on the support of individual doctors and local circumstance. Despite this attempt to emulate modern medicine, moral management rather than hospitalisation methods continued as the fundamental approach of treatment and control in most institutions. The main components of moral management were work and a system of rewards (implemented through liberties and accommodation privileges). The process of mental recovery continued to be linked to industriousness and behaviour. The thesis acknowledges the impact of local forces and wider society upon attitudes towards mental health care, such as the economically driven district lunacy boards and to a lessening extent the parochial boards and philanthropy. In viewing the asylum within the wider context of Scottish society, the asylum shared some characteristics with other Victorian institutions. Finally, although the patient's autonomy within the system should not be overplayed, the asylum doctor was also affected by the patients' co-operation with treatment and the involvement of family and friends in admission.
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Larsen, Erica. ""Strength Both of Mind and Body": Asylum Reform and the Failure of Moral Management in Elizabeth Gaskell's "Half a Life-Time Ago"". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8667.
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In Elizabeth Gaskell's 1855 short story, "Half a Life-Time Ago," Susan Dixon faces a difficult choice regarding her younger brother, who has gone insane after an illness: should she try to care for him at home or commit him to the nearby Lancaster Asylum? Although fictional, Susan's situation highlights an important Victorian debate about the care of the insane and the reformation of public asylums. This debate, and the changes enacted by nineteenth-century asylum reformers as a result of the cultural conversation, brought new attention to the relationship between the mind, the body, and the will as the concept of moral management as a method of treatment for the insane gained popularity. Dr. Samuel Gaskell, Commissioner in the English Lunacy Commission, Supervisor of the Lancaster Asylum, and Elizabeth's brother-in-law, dedicated his career to implementing the tenets of moral management in the institutions within his purview. For proponents like Dr. Gaskell, the moral management method of treatment restored dignity to patients by giving them the responsibility to bring themselves--through self-discipline, labor, and the exercise of will--back to sanity and thus back into the communities from which their illness excluded them. Many who supported asylum reform regarded moral management as a revolutionary tool with the power to restore happiness and peace to individuals, families, and institutions struggling to deal humanely with insanity. Susan Dixon's exploration of the parameters of moral management as a method of treatment for her bother, however, calls its effectiveness into question. Although Susan is an exemplary moral manager and diligently attempts to re-train her brother by utilizing the principles that Dr. Gaskell used to reform Lancaster Asylum, her implementation of moral management causes the destruction of the Dixon household and the physical, social, and mental disintegration of Susan herself. As Susan and her brother demonstrate in what might be regarded as Gaskell's fictional case study of her brother-in-law's beliefs, no amount of moral management can successfully treat insanity, and insisting that such a program might be undertaken by the insane--or by others on their behalf--is woefully miscalculated.
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Jacks, Kim. "Weston State Hospital". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5651.
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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2008.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iii, 165 p. : ill. (some col.), col. map. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 160-165).
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Temple, Patricia. "Substitute family care for people with mental disorders". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294544.
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Ely, Michael. "Deinstitutionalizing difference| Asylums for the severely or profoundly mentally retarded between 1960 - 2000". Thesis, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1588311.
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This is a history between 1960 and 2000 of asylums operated in the United States for children labeled as “severely or profoundly mentally retarded,” and “emotionally and behaviorally disturbed.” I use one primary case study of the Willowbrook State School in Staten Island, New York. Willowbrook has already received some focus in the works of David and Shelia Rothman as well as Drs. David Goode, Darryl Hill, and William Bronston, and Geraldo Rivera’s newscast in 1972. Primary focus has been given to it because it is both unique and indicative of asylums across the U.S. during the mid 20th Century. It was unique in some of the severity of treatment, which its residents experienced, but overall mirrors national trends in brutal and neglectful living conditions. It also signals larger national trends in the mid to late 70s, which carry over into the 80s and early 90s as part of the deinstitutionalization movement. I find that this movement was largely a response to the conditions for which Willowbrook became a national symbol. Furthermore, even in the wake of the deinstitutionalization movement, there are many problems with federal and state policy that disproportionately disaffect people of color as well as poor people. Finally, I argue that the historical canon must expand somewhat to take into account Deleuze and Guattari’s ideas about Societies of Control. Many scholars, such as the Rothman, Tonya Titchkosky, Kim E. Nielsen, and others base their work on the Foucault’s notion of a ‘disciplinary’ society. But Deleuze (sometimes with Guattari) offers a sympathetic critique of Foucault’s understanding of discipline that adds a great deal of depth to the study of asylums and deinstitutionalization in the mid to late 20th Century.
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Desmond, Suzanne. "Historical and self-imposed asylums in Samuel Beckett's Murphy, Malone dies, and "First love"". [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002524.
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Butler, August. "Making a Home Out of No Home: ‘Colored’ Orphan Asylums in Virginia, 1867–1930". W&M ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1563898917.
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No research has been done on institutions created for African American orphans in the South after the Civil War, leaving a significant gap in the literature surrounding not only the nature and operation of these institutions but also how they reflected the various conceptions of the New South that competed for acceptance during Reconstruction and beyond. How individuals and organizations, particularly religious organizations, imagined the “problem” of the black orphan and the nature of a society that failed to deal with it affected the “solutions” they devised in the form of orphan asylums. Four case studies of orphanages in Virginia, operated by individuals from four different Christian denominations in different periods following the Civil War, provide insight into the changing visions of the New South over approximately fifty years. These visions in turn affected the operational values of each institution and the factors which ultimately led to their success or failure. Chapter 1 examines the Friends’ Asylum for Colored Orphans in Richmond, a Quaker orphanage begun during Reconstruction and which saw the African American orphan as emblematic of the hope and opportunity available post- emancipation. This motivated the inclusion of and eventual transfer to African American leadership, which enabled the institution to continue into the mid- twentieth century. Chapter 2 looks at the Lynchburg Colored Orphan Asylum and Industrial School, an institution founded by an Episcopalian minister during the violent reactionary period of the 1890s; his imagined orphan was dangerous, suggestible, and representative of an out-of-control society. His goal was to raise a tractable generation of African American children to restore white superiority which precluded any African American involvement in the project; this, combined with personal failings, resulted in the closure of the orphanage within a decade. Chapter 3 inspects the St. Francis Colored Foundling and Orphan Asylum and its later iteration Holy Innocents’ Asylum, Catholic foundling orphanages in Richmond also started in the 1890s. These saw African American orphans as little more than potential converts, a view somewhere between the hope and control models of the previous two institutions, and this white, foreign-led institution lasted just over twenty years. Chapter 4 analyzes the Weaver Orphan Home, a Hampton orphanage operated by a black Baptist family during the height of Jim Crow segregation. Their early adoption of a family-based model of child welfare, centered on promoting the dignity and personhood of the child, was hugely successful and enabled them to operate for over half a century.
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Ellis, Robert. "A field of practise or a mere house of detention? : the asylum and its integration, with special reference to the county asylums of Yorkshire, c.1844-1888". Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2001. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/4670/.
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The nineteenth century witnessed a continuous growth in both the number of lunatic asylums, and in the numbers of people held within them. For many, contemporaries, and more recent commentators alike, the period was marked by the growing failure of the asylum as a curative institution. The reasons cited for this failure have varied, and at different times attention has focussed on a number of key themes. The purpose of this thesis is to critically examine each of these themes and to assess the expectations of those who built the asylum, those who worked in it, those who lived near it, and perhaps most importantly of all, those who used it. As such, the six chapters examine the asylum management and their motivations; the social separation of the insane patient, and how this was affected by external factors; the asylum's relationship with the various Poor Law authorities; the motivations that the families of the insane had for committing, and not committing their kin; the treatment regimes within the asylums, and how they differed between the sexes; and the central role that the asylum attendants had in caring for the insane. In each of these areas, perceptions of the asylums' supposed failure will be called into question, and there will be a continuing consideration of its function as both a custodial and a curative institution. Recent studies of extra-institutional care have emphasised that treatment in the asylum remained just one option in the `mixed economy of care'. Building on this, this thesis contests that the continued growth and development of the asylum system could not rest on its custodial function alone. Conversely, it shows that its ability to `cure' significant numbers of people continued to be a significant factor throughout the period.
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Homberger, Margaret Alissa. "Wrongful confinement and Victorian psychiatry, 1840-1880". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2001. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/28851.
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Victorian society witnessed a transformation in the understanding and treatment of psychological disorders. The expansion of nosologies or classifications of lunacy was one measure hailed by psychological physicians as indicative of their mastery over madness. Yet between the 1840s and the 1870s the introduction of moral insanity and monomania to established classificatory systems undercut the medical authority of physicians and challenged their desired cultural stature as benevolent and authoritative agents of cure. Far from consolidating medical authority, these `partial' forms of lunacy (which were detected in the emotions rather than the intellect) paradoxically heightened anxiety about the ease with which eccentric or sane individuals could be wrongfully incarcerated in lunatic asylums. This dissertation examines the themes, motifs and defining issues of wrongful incarceration as they were discussed in Parliament, national and regional newspapers, medical and literary journals, and novels and short stories. Discussing in detail several infamous `cases' of wrongful confinement, it traces the ways in which anxieties were formulated, expressed and negotiated. The public outcry over cultural representations of wrongful confinement generated heated reactions from physicians and lunacy law reformers. The most contentious discussions centred on the manner in which notions of humanity and benevolence, and tyranny and liberty, were marshalled to influence public opinion. These debates represented not solely a legal conflict centring the claim to treatment and authority over the alleged lunatic, but more dramatically a battle for the public's good opinion. As important as medico-legal trials and their consequent rulings was the contested appropriateness of sentiment; this was manifested in words and images utilised to exacerbate or contain anxiety. The wrongful confinement controversy constitutes an important (though largely overlooked) episode in the history of English nineteenth-century psychiatry; formatively altering perceptions of the profession of mental science in the Victorian period.
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Gibson, Diana Mari. "The body in hospitalization. a study of doctors, nurses and patients in a Cape Town teaching hospital". University of the Western Cape, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8405.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDSouth Africa's health transformation blueprint is designed to replace apartheid's inequities and instill instead a new utilitarian approach by the health care sector. This study gives attention to the medical gaze and the body in hospitalisation. At macropolitical level the study focuses on the ways in which the new health policy impacted on power relations and multi-levelled subject positions of medical and nursing staff, as well as on patients in a hierarchy of spaces such as in the wards, in the institution and at a national level, in terms of policy implementation and the reconstruction of the health care services. It shows that policy and institutional discourses and arrangements were embedded in a regime of visuality which discursively homogenised people from different cultural realities. Yet, at the same time biases related to constructions of bodies in relation to class, age, gender and 'value' continued to exist. At the level of hospital protocols and structure the thesis examines the social, political and conceptual frameworks that conveyed, allowed or disallowed particular meaning to the institution. It describes the formal, dominant discourses and processes in the wards and show how these impacted on everyday interaction and relations of power, autonomy, authority, conflict and resistance. The study shows that for patients there often was a disjuncture between policy and practice, as biomedical practitioners and policy makers struggled to define the scope and implementation of health care services in response to pressures for change and concomitant fluctuation. By problematising the notion of the medical gaze and by giving attention to discourses and practices, which were not legitimated by it, the study draws attention to realities that were deemed largely irrelevant by western medical epistemology, such as subjective experiences and knowledge, which, though lacking the same legitimation as the gaze, did not disappear but only become less visible. In this way the study widens the social context in which medical practice can be perceived and understood within a transforming South African health care system.
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Desmond, Suzanne. "Historical and Self-Imposed Asylums in Samuel Beckett’s Murphy, Malone Dies, and “First Love”". Scholar Commons, 2008. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/209.
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This thesis examines the uses and implications of historical and self-imposed asylums in several of Samuel Beckett's works, most notably Murphy, Malone Dies, and "First Love." The first half of this study compares several historical Irish and British asylums to Beckett's frictional institutions in order to illuminate the recurring motifs of sanity, asylums as retreats for the wealthy, and the links between prisons and asylums. I also examine Michel Foucault's theory of the Panopticon guards as an alternate reading of Beckett's views on sanity. In Murphy and Malone Dies, for example, Beckett questions what it means to be sane through his role reversals of nurses and patients. His often under qualified and sadistic nurses are depicted as the real lunatics while their patients seem quite sane in comparison.
In the second portion of this study, I suggest that the self-imposed asylums in Murphy and "First Love" are in fact the protagonists' attempts at both erasing society and becoming physically invisible. Through and extended analysis of each text, I explore the various "cells" created by each hero as well as their social implications. By ostracizing themselves, for instance, I argue that the protagonists of Murphy and "First Love" gain a form of power that the protagonists of Molly and Malone Dies lack. Murphy's and "First Love"'s demands for "imprisonment" under their own terms once again reverse the roles of helpless patient and powerful nurse.
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Davis, Gayle Leighton. "'Lovers and madmen have such seething brains' : historical aspects of neurosyphilis in four Scottish asylums, c. 1880-1930". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23322.
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This thesis analyses a sample of clinical records of four Scottish asylums, two in Edinburgh and two in Glasgow, in order to study processes of diagnosis and treatment in neurosyphilitic patients circa 1880 to 1930. During this period, treponema pallidum, the spirochaete responsible for syphilis, was discovered. Moreover, the Wassermann reaction to identify syphilitics from blood and cerebro-spinal fluid samples was developed. This test became central to the scientific investigation of the insane, and was increasingly portrayed as psychiatry’s most potent symbol of the emerging era of laboratory medicine. Numerous heroic therapies to treat neurosyphilitic disorders were also tried, including malarial therapy. Therefore in terms of diagnosis and treatment, this period is crucial in the historical development of the relationship between syphilis, psychiatry and medicine. Neurosyphilis is a generic term for all forms of insanity now known to be caused by the syphilitic spirochaete. However alienists, particularly those working in Scotland, responded in complex ways to spirochaete-based reclassifications of forms in insanity such as General Paralysis of the Insane, which was diagnosed in an estimated twenty percent of late nineteenth-century male asylum admissions. This theme is explored by comparing the empirical case note sample findings with the published and unpublished views of Scottish system asylum medical superintendents. It is argued that men such as Thomas Clouston, David Yellowlees and George Robertson assimilated new spirochaete-based aetiologies into pre-existing multifactorial concepts of GPI, which related the disease to the influences of degeneration and urbanisation, ‘fast living’ and ‘excess’. It is argued that their informed medical opinions simultaneously expressed and were also an expression of, wider social, moral and political concerns. The thesis draws upon a broadly social constructionist perspective to illuminate the historical connections between the clinical, pathological and social aspects of neurosyphilitic disorders over the period of study.
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Andersson, Sara. "Hospitalsverksamhet i brytningstid : En undersökning av de fattiga i hospitalsförteckningar, ansökningsbrev samt sysslomannaförslag i några svenska städers hospital under 1700-talet". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-188228.
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Joinson, Carla. "The Perception and Treatment of Insanity in Southern Appalachia". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1212.
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In the nineteenth century, the perceived ability of alienists (the early term for mental health specialists) to cure insanity eventually led to lavishly-constructed insane asylums supported by taxpayers. Simultaneously, the hope of a cure and a changing attitude toward insanity helped destigmatize mental illness and made institutionalization of the insane more acceptable. This regional study investigates insane asylums within Appalachia between 1850 and 1900. Primary sources include period articles from professional publications, census data, asylum records, period newspaper articles, and patient records. The study provides background on the medical environment of nineteenth-century Appalachia and investigates the creation and function of five Appalachian asylums. The institutions under examination appear to be as modern and enlightened as those in any other region. Contrary to most published theory, women were not committed to Appalachian asylums more often than men, nor does patient abuse appear to be prevalent.
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Sarg, Cristin M. "Scottish-Jewish 'madness'? : an examination of Jewish admissions to the royal asylums of Edinburgh and Glasgow, c.1870-1939". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8496/.
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This thesis sits at the junction of asylum history and Anglo-Jewish history, specifically Scottish Jewish history, and contributes new perspectives to scholarship on histories of both psychiatry and Anglo-Jewry. It explores the lived experiences of Jewish patients admitted to the royal asylums of Edinburgh and Glasgow between 1870 and 1939 using a range of both quantitative and qualitative archival sources. A discussion of the relevant literature that has focused on ‘Anglo’ asylums and Anglo-Jewry, particularly on Scottish asylums and Scottish Jewry, provides the historical context for the research questions being asked about how Jewish patients admitted to the royal asylums were understood, diagnosed and treated. The quantitative Jewish patient population is presented, discussing: demographic variables such as gender distribution, age at admission and the patient’s marital status at admission; social variables such as ‘class’ as regards a patient’s accommodation within the asylum and their occupation; diagnostic variables such as the mental disorders identified; and finally institutional variables such as a patient’s discharge status and the length of a patient’s stay within the asylum. This Jewish patient profile is compared to control samples of non-Jewish patients to detect similarities and differences between the two groups, providing scope for the qualitative accounts that follow. Qualitative sources are then used, pulling out a number of individual case histories as detailed exemplars of broader claims, spread across three substantial chapters. The first qualitative chapter draws on several of the themes presented in the discussion of relevant literature, such as matters of Jewish demography, migration, family dynamics, social standing, cultural experiences and the like, as these intersect with the ‘asylum lifecycle’, meaning periods spent in and outside of the asylum by these patients. This material opens a door to the Jewish patient experience through the discussion and analysis of several themes, such as: family, community, immigration status, social class, migration histories, big and small and the asylum lifecycle with respect to patients who experienced multiple admissions to asylums. The next chapter’s overarching theme is the Jewish body – all aspects of Jewish embodiment; of embodying Jewishness – in the asylum. This theme is further broken down into specific areas for discussion, such as: the male Jewish body; poisoning, because historically Jews have been associated with the act of poisoning; the diagnostic criteria as it was applied to Jews during the period under investigation; the role of language within the clinical encounter; and troublesome patients. The goal here is to illustrate how the Jewish body was often seen as inherently different from other (British) asylum patients and therefore pathologised because of those differences, such that in certain situations merely being Jewish suggested a likelihood of being mentally unstable and possessing a mental illness due to the Jewishness association. The final qualitative chapter concentrates on Jewish women and their experiences within Scottish asylums, highlighting some of the gendered differences within that experience when compared to the male Jewish experience of madness that was primarily tackled in the previous chapter. This chapter discuses Jewish women and their place within the Jewish community and wider Anglo-Scottish society, and further it addresses the perceived close relationship between Jewish women and mental illness, itself complicated by the extent to which the woman concerned sought to live up to a vision of the perfect Jewish mother while also being judged through an idealized version of domestically content British (middle-class) womanly reserve. Final conclusions are added which summarise the contributions made by the thesis, and speculate about further inquires that might be conducted in this field.
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Darragh, Alison. "Prison or palace? Haven or hell? : an architectural and social study of the development of public lunatic asylums in Scotland, 1781-1930". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1715.
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In 1897 John Sibbald, Commissioner in Lunacy for Scotland, stated that ‘the construction of an asylum is a more interesting subject of study for the general reader than might be supposed.’ This thesis traces the development of the public asylum in Scotland from 1781 to 1930. By placing the institution in its wider social context it provides more than a historical account, exploring how the buildings functioned as well as giving an architectural analysis based on date, plan and style. Here the architecture represents more, and provides a physical expression of successive stages of public philanthropy and legislative changes during what was arguably one of the most rapidly evolving stages of history. At a time when few medical treatments were available, public asylum buildings created truly therapeutic environments, which allowed the mentally ill to live in relative peace and security. The thesis explores how public asylums in Scotland introduced the segregation or ‘classification’ of patients into separate needs-based groups under a system known as Moral Treatment. It focuses particularly on the evolving plan forms of these institutions from the earliest radial, prison-like structures to their development into self-sustaining village-style colonies and shows how the plan reflects new attitudes to treatment. While many have disappeared, the surviving Victorian and Edwardian mega-structures lie as haunting reminders of a largely forgotten era in Scottish psychiatry. Only a few of the original buildings are still in use today as specialist units, out-patient centres, and administrative offices for Scotland’s Health Boards. Others have been redeveloped as universities or luxury housing schemes, making use of the good-quality buildings and landscaping. Whatever their current use, public asylums stand today as an outward sign of the awakening of the Scottish people to the plight of the mentally ill in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
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Hughes, P. E. "Cleanliness and Godliness : a sociological study of the Good Shepherd Convent refuges for the social reformation and Christian conversion of prostitutes and convicted women in nineteenth century Britain". Thesis, Brunel University, 1985. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4976.
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This thesis is concerned with the transformation of prostitutes and other women in the magdalen asylums, the convict refuge, and the certified inebriate reformatory conducted by a roman catholic order of nuns in nineteenth century Britain. Laundry work came to play a central role in the activities expected of the women admitted to these quasi-monastic houses. Its significance is examined in terms of organisational and symbolic correspondences with the structure and ideology of transformative institutions directed to christian conversion. The thesis initially identifies different organisational forms and the ideology revealed by the long-span history of convent refuges. It goes on to consider the problems that tradition posed in the later institutions. The historical account, ordered around a primary sociological concern with transformation, discloses the struggle between the nuns, the secular authorities, and others, to assert differing ideas of religion, morality, and work. The theoretical discussion examines the structure and process of transformation, and the system of classification and control on which it is based. Moving from the notion of Total Institution, the analysis formulates a sociological model of the refuge as a 'Theopticon'. This provides a stable context for a pattern of transformations ranging from the laundry work to the liturgy. The analysis also deals with the role and status of the long-term transformand in pursuit of christian holiness. The theoretical model is then taken back to analyse the major issues raised by the historical account: the persistence of laundry work in the refuges, the nuns' resistance to public inspection and control, and their refusal to pay wages to the penitent women. The historical data is largely derived from primary sources and includes architectural, statistical, and photographic material, as well as documentary evidence.
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Helmicki, Soni. "Evolution and Devolution of Inpatient Psychiatric Services: From Asylums to Marketing Madness and Their Impact on Adults and Older Adults with Severe Mental Illness". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984274/.
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I examined the factors that led to the rise and fall of psychiatric hospitals and its impact on two select groups of individuals: adults and older adults with severe mental illness. To explore the reasons behind these fluctuations, the State of Texas was used as a case study. Additionally, the fluctuations occurred for different reasons in public vs. for-profit investor-owned psychiatric hospitals. Using an investor-owned psychiatric hospital organization as a case study, I investigated the differences in factors that influenced the growth and/or demise in public vs. investor-owned psychiatric hospitals. Evolution and devolution of psychiatric hospitals was assessed during select time periods: 1700 to1930, 1940 to1970, 1980 to 2000, and 2000 to present. Time period selections were relevant to the important drivers of the span of time that influenced the psychiatric hospitals. Historical review and trend analysis was used to identify the total number of psychiatric hospitals and/or total number of psychiatric hospital beds and psychiatric hospitals by type. Analysis showed there was a cyclical pattern of evolution and devolution of psychiatric hospitals and each cycle altered the form, function, and role of the psychiatric hospital along with altering the location of care for adults and older adults with severe mental illness. The research results suggest a long-stay residential facility, specializing in evidence-based treatment for adults and older adults with severe mental illness, to counter the dire shortage of psychiatric hospital beds.
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Boyd, Dalton T. "Lone Star Insanity: Efforts to Treat the Mentally Ill in Texas, 1861-1929". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822840/.
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During the mid-nineteenth century, the citizens of Texas were forced to keep their mentally disturbed family members at home which caused stress on the caregivers and the further debilitation of the afflicted. To remedy this situation, mental health experts and Texas politicians began to create a system of healing known as state asylums. The purpose of this study is to determine how Texas mental health care came into being, the research and theories behind the prevention and treatment programs that asylum physicians employed to overcome mental illness, in addition to the victories and shortcomings of the system. Through this work, it will be shown that during the 1850s until the 1920s institutions faced difficulty in achieving success from many adverse conditions including, but not limited to, overcrowding, large geographical conditions, poor health practices, faulty construction, insufficient funding, ineffective prevention and treatment methods, disorganization, cases of patient abuse, incompetent employees, prejudice, and legal improprieties. As a result, by 1930, these asylums were merely places to detain the mentally ill in order to rid them from society. This thesis will also confirm that while both Texas politicians and mental health experts desired to address and overcome mental illness in Texas, they were unable to do so due to arguments, selfishness, corruption, failures, and inaction on the part of both sides. However, this thesis will ultimately reveal it was lack of full support from Texas legislators, deriving from the idea that this system was not one of their top priorities among the state’s concerns, that led to the inability of the Texas mental health care system to properly assist their patients.
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Sabbadini, Aline. "Mortes na vida e vidas na morte : análise de vivências de perdas e lutos em idosos residentes em asilo /". Assis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/190980.
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Orientadora: Mariele Rodrigues CorreaBanca: Diana Pancini de Sá Antunes Ribeiro
Banca: Maria Júlia Kovács
Resumo: Devido ao fenômeno do envelhecimento populacional e a incerteza da existência de cuidadores para essa população nota-se um aumento na procura de Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPIs), popularmente conhecidas como asilos. Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar as experiências de perdas e lutos vividas pelos idosos asilados, partindo do pressuposto que a elaboração do luto não é apenas necessária quando há a morte concreta de um sujeito. A própria entrada no asilo acarreta uma série de perdas que precisam de elaboração, como o rompimento de vínculos com familiares e pessoas próximas, afastamento do mundo externo, perda da casa e de objetos, perda da autonomia, entre outras coisas. Entendemos que a fala é uma importante via para a elaboração desses lutos, tanto de mortes concretas como de mortes simbólicas. Para isso, recolhemos narrativas de oito residentes com idades entre 62 a 93 anos, de uma forma em que eles pudessem contar e recontar suas histórias quantas vezes fosse necessário, de modo a colocá-los como protagonistas da própria vida. Realizamos uma inserção semanal na instituição asilar ao longo de oito meses como forma de estabelecer a manutenção dos vínculos com os idosos e a possibilidade de estar junto deles e oferecer uma escuta adequada. Utilizamos a psicanálise como referencial metodológico a fim de averiguar os processos de luto enfrentados por essa população no contexto asilar. Ao oferecer uma escuta sensível pudemos descobrir enredos que tinha... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Due to the populational aging phenomenon and the uncertainty of the existence of care takers for this population, we observe an increase in the search for Long-term care institutions for the elderly, largely known as nursing homes. This research take as na objective to analyze the grief and loss experiences undertaken by the institucionalized elderly, starting from the premise that grief elaboration is not only necessary in the concrete death of a subject. Even the entrance in a nursing home causes a series of losses that need to be elaborated, like the sundering of familiar and close persons links, the removal from the outside world, home and personal objects losses, autonomy loss, among others. We understand that the speech is a important way to elaborate those griefs, from concrete deaths as well as simbolic deaths. For this end, we gathered eight residents narratives, with ages between 62 and 93 years, in a way that they could tell and retell their histories as many times as was necessary, placing then as their own live's protagonists. Through 8 months, we made a weekly visit to the nursing home to estabilish and maintain links with the elderly and the possibility to be together and offer a proper listening. For this purpose, psychoanalysis will be used as a method in order to ascertain the processes of grief faced by this population in the nursing home context. In offering a sensible listening we could discover story that had the grief in his various expressions as the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Ek, Imelda Helena. "Erotic Insanity : Sex and psychiatry at Vadstena asylum, Sweden 1849-1878". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för kultur och estetik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-146255.
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The early nineteenth century saw the emergence of institutional psychiatry across Europe. Aware that Sweden had fallen behind in this development, Parliament decreed in 1823 that a number of specialised institutions for the care of the insane were to be established. The Vadstena asylum, opened in 1826, was the first such institution in Sweden. The aim of this study is to examine medical interpretation of and responses to erotic behaviour in psychiatric practice at the Vadstena asylum in the period 1849-1878. The book places the theme of the erotic, a topical subject in nineteenth-century public debate, in the context of psychiatry as an emerging specialty in Sweden. The book explores how erotic behaviour was conceptualised as disease, and the nature of therapeutic intervention in erotic cases, in order to present a more nuanced image of nineteenth-century medical attitudes to sexuality. By highlighting the superintendency of physician Ludvig Magnus Hjertstedt, and linking his account of an 1845 study tour through Europe to medical practice at Vadstena, the study situates responses to erotic patients in a period when psychiatry claims authority over human sexuality. In methodological terms, the study applies critical questions inspired by revisionist scholarship to a body of empirical source material. Focusing on a single institution, and conducting in-depth readings of case notes – with regard to language, form, and function – allows the study to highlight the everyday practice of the asylum physician in his encounters with male and female erotic patients, including the use, importance and diagnostic integrity of the concepts nymphomania, erotomania and masturbation. Hjertstedt’s travel journal provides insight into the physician’s medical philosophy, informing the analysis of diagnostic and interpretive procedures, while connecting medical practice at Vadstena to its European paragons. The results indicate that while the use of specific diagnostic terms to describe erotic behaviour was infrequent, therapeutic and managerial intervention shows that sexual acts and expressions of desire were considered disturbing and dangerous symptoms in both male and female patients. The analysis thus makes visible a gap between psychiatric theory and asylum practice, emphasising uncertainties and complexities inherent in the latter. While erotic behaviour could be considered indicative of illness, it might also be interpreted as a lack of character or a result of insufficient moral instruction. The asylum’s regime of work and moral instruction was designed to restore health as well as sound values and appropriate behaviour in its patients, indicating a medical culture at Vadstena which was both curative and normalising.
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Eivergård, Mikael. "Frihetens milda disciplin : normalisering och social styrning i svensk sinnessjukvård 1850-1970". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kultur och medier, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-56805.
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The purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyse the institutionalized Swedish Psychiatric practice during the period 1850 and 1970 - the era of the large mental hospitals - in terms of a modem disciplinary project. Point of departure relates to the meeting between the admitted patient and the educational work of the mental hospital and its everyday practice. The main sources of information for this study consists among other things of case sheets and texts closely related to the work of the mental hospitals. The study has two important aspects. The first deals with the normalized procedures in the practice of mental care, and draws the attention to the relation between social and cultural standards and the way the mental hospitals reviews, treats and handles the patient. The second aspect deals with the actual administration and the techniques of the hospital to correct the patient and his/her actions in a desirable direction. An overarching discussion deals with the relation between liberating and Controlling practitioners, and how the Controlling power of the hospital relates to the modem society's conception of a independent man. At the same time as the physical coercion of the mental hospital diminished, controlling methods were required which were not merely based on obedience and Submission, but also on the participation and will of the patient. Informal system of rewards, confession-techniques as well as various forms of a conditionalised and regulated freedom is combined with a more concealed potential of coercion of the institution. The compulsory work is being analysed as the most important educational therapy - both socially and ethically. Work is being described as a liberal Controlling technique. By connecting work to the system of rewards as well as increased physical freedom enables the hospital to exercise control and predictability without resorting to coercion. How the hospital looked upon and handled the sexual body, and how cultural conceptions regarding sexual normality dominated the practical care-taking is being analysed with the starting point in case sheets. The sexual behaviour, especially concerning women, resulted in a meeting of different opinions between restraining and testing practitioners where moral reliability was a condition for physical freedom. The thesis describes a movement over time towards increased physical freedoms for the patients of the mental hospitals. This did not imply that the control or the normalization decreased in intensity. But rather that the forms and the conditions for these processes changed. The freedom that was placed in sight was always connected with the well behaviour of the patient.digitalisering@umu
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Fernandes, Amanda. "Projeto Antimanicomial: um ensaio sobre a saúde mental no cotidiano da vida". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47134/tde-12052009-091332/.
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O Projeto Antimanicomial, com sua intenção de ressocializar o usuário de serviços de saúde mental, enfrenta todo o compartilhamento de sociabilidades que, no pensamento contemporâneo, fundamenta se prevalentemente na cultura científica. Esses símbolos produzidos por sistemas de interpretação do mundo se propagam para o social e acabam por se expressar no cotidiano existencial dos homens. A presente pesquisa intenciona analisar a capacidade da convivência com o usuário de serviços de saúde mental, atuar como transformadora do imaginário social da loucura, defendida por Franco Basaglia precursor da Psiquiatria Democrática Italiana. Para este autor, a reinserção do \"louco\" na sociedade que o excluiu pode se tornar um emulador da tomada de consciência política do social. Para tal, realizou-se um estudo de caso de uma Residência Terapêutica ligada à uma Institutição de Saúde Mental Antimanicomial, em que foram entrevistados a coordenadora do Serviço de Residências Terapêuticas e entes da comunidade que receberam antigos internos de manicômios em sua vizinhança, levantando as narrativas e imagens que constroem juizos e avaliam a loucura. Visa contribuir com o processo de transformação do sistema de saúde mental que, supostamente deveria funcionar como o estopim de uma reflexividade sobre a socialização, subsidiando, através de reflexões, acerca das possibilidades políticopedagógicas das intervenções antimanicomiais.The Anti-Manicomial Project, with its intention of re-socialize the mental health user, deals with the sociability sharing which, in a contemporary thought, based mainly on the scientific culture. These symbols, created by a world interpretation system spread themselves to the social and turn to be expressed in daily men existence. The current research intends to analyze the acquaintanceship capacity with the mental health user, act as a madness social imaginary changer, defended by Franco Basaglia - precursor of the Italian Democratic Psychiatry. To this author, the re-insertion of the madman in the society that excluded him, can become a social conscious start emulousness. Therefore, a research of a therapeutic residence case, related to an Anti-manicomial Mental Health Institution, which the Therapeutic Residence Service Coordinator and community members that welcomed old mental hospital residents, were interviewed, pointing the narratives and images which build up sense and evaluate madness. It intends to contribute to a mental health system change which supposely, should work as a fuse of a socialization reflexivity, subsidizing, through reflections, the pedagogic- political possibilities of anti-manicomial interventions.
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Franco, Maria das Dores Silva. "A loucura na literatura: uma reflexão sobre Machado de Assis, Guimarães Rosa e Erasmo de Rotterdam". Centro de Ensino Superior de Juiz de Fora (CES/JF), 2013. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/6169.
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PROQUALI (UFJF)
Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo refletir sobre variadas formas de abordagem do tema da loucura na literatura ficcional e na científica. Para tanto, foram consultados escritores que apresentaram em suas obras registros da demência, tratada segundo as concepções das diferentes épocas e dos contextos sociais e culturais em que se inseriam. Buscaram-se exemplares da literatura em que diversos critérios nortearam os diagnósticos de loucura, bem como o tratamento realizado. Considerando-se o papel da ficção ao apresentar a realidade temática, Machado de Assis, com o conto O Alienista, Guimarães Rosa com os contos “Sorôco, sua mãe e sua filha” e “Darandina” e Erasmo de Rotterdam com a obra: O Elogio da Loucura, que constituíram-se como rica fonte de reflexão e análise. Numa proposta interdisciplinar, foram solicitados para a fundamentação teórico-literária Alfredo Bosi, Antônio Candido, Affonso Romano Sant‟Anna, Bastos e Mikhail Bakhtin. Da literatura científica, buscaram-se as contribuições de Foucault, Amarante, Jung, Freud, Miranda e Canguilhem, Goffman e outros que trataram do tema da loucura, nas mais diversas nuances, dando consistência às percepções decorrentes deste estudo.
This research aimed to reflect on different ways of approaching the theme of madness in fictional and scientific literatures. Therefore, writers had been consulted on their deeds records of dementia, treated according to the concepts of different ages and social and cultural contexts in which they operated. We sought copies of literature in which several criteria guided the diagnosis of madness, as well as treatment. Considering the role of fiction to present the reality theme, Machado de Assis, with the story O Alienista, Guimarães Rosa with tales "Soroco, sua mãe e sua filha" and "Darandina" and Erasmus de Rotterdam with the work: O Elogio da Loucura, which were as rich source of reflection and analysis. In an interdisciplinary approach, were asked to theoretical and literary Alfredo Bosi, Antonio Candido, Affonso Romano Sant'Anna, Bastos and Mikhail Bakhtin. Scientific literature, sought the contributions of Foucault, Amarante, Jung, Freud, and Miranda Canguilhem, Goffman and others who have dealt with the theme of madness in various nuances, giving consistency to the insights derived from this study.
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Tuntiya, Nana. "The Forgotten History: The Deinstitutionalization Movement in the Mental Health Care System in the United States". [Tampa, Fla. : s.n.], 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000112.
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Dunman, Kristina M. "Improving long-term resettlement services for refugees, asylees, and asylum seekers : perspectives from service providers". [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001748.
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Tuntiya, Nana. "The forgotten history [electronic resource] : the deinstitutionalization movement in the mental health care system in the Uunited Sstates / by Nana Tuntiya". University of South Florida, 2003.
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Title from PDF of title page.Document formatted into pages; contains 60 pages.
Thesis (M.A.)--University of South Florida, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references.
Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format.
ABSTRACT: The development of ideas on deinstitutionalization of mental patients has a much longer history in the United States than is commonly acknowledged. Evidence of intense discussion on the rights of the mentally disturbed, curative as opposed to control measures in their treatment, and the drawbacks of congregating the afflicted in large institutions can be found as early as the middle of the 19th century. This discussion was provoked by dissemination of knowledge about the oldest community care program of all: the colony of mental patients in Gheel, Belgium. Based on document analysis of publications in the American Journal of Insanity from 1844 to 1921, this study attempts to trace how this discussion resulted in the first wave of deinstitutionalization in the American mental health care system, and the successful implementation of the alternative of hospital treatment.
ABSTRACT: My study further documents how the development of this program was inhibited by the need of psychiatry to attain professional legitimation. In its struggle to acquire public respect and occupational authority, the profession focused on somatic explanations of disease that could justify categorization of psychiatry as a branch of medical science. While this claim was not decisively supported by laboratory findings, or the ability to cure patients, psychiatry put forward genetic explanations of mental disorder. This took the profession to the extreme of the eugenics movement, and eventually positioned it as an institution of social control instead of medical authority. Having thus failed to achieve the ultimate professional legitimation in the medical field, psychiatry was exposed to a new wave of criticism in the 1960s, which led to the second wave of deinstitutionalization. History repeated itself with the same outcome.
ABSTRACT: In the absence of overall support within psychiatric circles, and a lack of appreciation of family care as a viable alternative to hospital treatment among social scientists, deinstitutionalization could not but fail again. The contribution of the study lies in the areas of deinstitutionalization, professionalization of expert labor, and the social construction of mental illness and deviance.
System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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au, D. Whish-Wilson@gunada curtin edu y David Whish-Wilson. "Asylum". Murdoch University, 2003. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040730.143406.
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Whish-Wilson, David Whish-Wilson David. "Asylum /". Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2003. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040730.143406.
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Whish-Wilson, David. "Asylum". Thesis, Whish-Wilson, David (2003) Asylum. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2003. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/400/.
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Whish-Wilson, David. "Asylum". Whish-Wilson, David (2003) Asylum. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2003. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/400/.
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Morgan, Gareth. "Seeking asylum : postmigratory stressors and asylum seeker distress". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/4152.
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1.1 Background: Despite growing recognition of the negative impact of ever stringent asylum employed by western governments, psychological conceptualisations of distress in these populations remains dominated by traumamodels. 1.2 Literature Review: A systematic literature review was conducted to collate and critique findings from studies relating postmigratory stress to asylum seeker distress. The 44 reviewed studies suggested asylum seekers endure a range of postmigratory stressors relating to acculturative challenges, social isolation, material deprivation and restrictive asylum legislation. Difficulties associated with conducting research with these populations are acknowledged. It is concluded that restrictive asylum policies greatly inhibit asylum seekers’ abilities to negotiate challenges resulting from displacement. Smail’s (2005) social materialist perspective is suggested as a framework for findings. 1.3 Research Report: No known British empirical research has focused on exploring relationships between postmigratory-stress and asylum seeker mental health. Based on established methodologies (e.g. Silove et al.,1997) a cross-sectional study was undertaken to explore the relative relationship with distress of postmigratory-stressors and premigratory-trauma exposure. An opportunity sample of 98 asylum seekers completed measures of postmigratory-stress (the PLDC: Silove et al., 1997); premigratory-trauma exposure (HTQ-TE; Mollica et al.,1992) and distress (HTQ-PTSD: Mollica et al.,1992; HSCL-25: Hesbacher et al.,1980; Winokur et al.,1984). High levels of exposure to premigratory-traumatic events, postmigratory stress, and distress were reported. Regression analyses revealed ‘Feeling a burden to others’ and being denied asylum to be the strongest predictors of distress. It is concluded that a range of postmigratory stressors impact negatively on asylum seeker wellbeing. Those denied asylum experience more restrictions and poorer mental health. Limitations are acknowledged. 1.4 Implications: The literature review and research report conclude that present asylum determination processes are damaging to those seeking refuge. Psychotherapeutic interventions directed at the intra-psychic level may be of limited effectiveness given the more primary social and material needs of these clients. 1.5 Critical Appraisal: Reflections on the research process are presented alongside key learning points.
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Low, Marcus. "Asylum story". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8237.
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Includes abstract.asylum story is a short literary novel set in South Africa in the year 2019. The protagonist is infected with a deadly new respiratory disease and being held in a quarantine facility near a fictional town in the Karoo. The novel spans a six-month period during which the protagonist becomes involved in an ultimately failed attempt to escape. The novel is partly inspired by the Department of Health's decision in 2007 to place patients with drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis into quarantine. Many patients died in this enforced captivity. Conditions in some facilities were reportedly very poor and in 2008 there was a high-profile escape from the Jose Pearson quarantine facility. Though the disease in the novel is not drug-resistant tuberculosis, it is something similar, and the response to the fictional disease is comparable in some ways to the real-life medical response to the TB scare. The novel is set in a universe that is similar but different to our own, allowing the exploration of universal themes without the constraint of a rigid representation of current reality.
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Tschirgi, Katrin. "Shepherd's Asylum". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1395095066.
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Bishop, Nick. "Cultures of asylum". Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429555.
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Souter, James. "Asylum as reparation". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6e81bd27-5e66-4e38-a595-99fee950d2b6.
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In this thesis, I examine the theoretical and practical implications of understanding asylum as a form of reparation. My basic contention is that offers of asylum potentially constitute a means through which states can discharge their special obligations towards refugees for whose flight they are responsible. Asylum, on my account, is an institution that can contribute to the rectification of the unjustified harms that states may have caused refugees by forcing them to flee. The thesis is divided into three main parts. In Part I, I lay out a basic theory of asylum as reparation, explaining my conception of asylum and its potential moral functions in Chapter 1, and demonstrating the ways in which asylum may act reparatively in Chapter 2. In Part II, I seek to identify the conditions under which states owe asylum as reparation to refugees. Over the following three chapters, I argue that states have such an obligation when they bear outcome responsibility for unjustified harms experienced by refugees as a result of their flight, and when asylum is the most fitting form of reparation for those harms that is available. In Part III, I apply my theory to the case of Iraqi refugees generated since the invasion of Iraq in 2003, and explore some of the practical implications of my approach. In Chapter 6, I argue that the US and UK owe asylum as reparation to large numbers of Iraqi refugees. In Chapter 7, I examine the implications of my approach for domestic asylum politics, questioning how states should prioritise refugees to whom they owe reparation vis-à-vis other refugees, and exploring its potential impact on debates over asylum. In Chapter 8, I identify its implications for the international politics of refugee protection, anticipating some of the incentives that it might create for states.
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Karlén, Anna. "The right to seek asylum and the common European asylum system". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-127650.
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Nader, André Ricardo. "Entre a negação do manicômio e a afirmação de um modelo comunitário: fabricando formas de luta". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47131/tde-22052018-174101/.
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O presente trabalho decorre do questionamento sobre a percepção, os discursos e as práticas relativos à loucura no contexto brasileiro de Reforma Psiquiátrica, defendendo a hipótese de que haveria entraves na relação entre aqueles que se aliam ao pensamento antimanicomial e os sujeitos ditos loucos: entraves sustentados por um paradigma clínicopolítico que visamos investigar. A racionalidade que organiza esse paradigma é objeto de análise desta pesquisa, cuja intenção é recuperar as noções de movimento e abertura implicadas na proposição central da reforma psiquiátrica brasileira por uma sociedade sem manicômios , aliando-a à ideia de comunidade que vem. Para tanto, apresentamos e discutimos elementos que compõem e delimitam o pensamento antimanicomial: seus fundamentos, suas narrativas e suas práticas suas formas de luta. Desta análise se observa que a negação do manicômio e a afirmação de um modelo comunitário de atenção em saúde mental, aspectos fundamentais da luta antimanicomial, articulam-se, oferecendo contornos a um pensamento que engendra formas específicas de relação com a loucura. Essa articulação fabrica também fronteiras: limites claros e precisos que distinguem um ideal de comunidade inclusiva de uma sociedade que marginaliza a loucura. A delimitação e o reconhecimento dessas divisas são estratégias importantes, pois permitem visibilizar e tornar pública a violência, os maus-tratos e a exclusão da lógica manicomial, conquistando, assim, o apoio social para a luta. Ao mesmo tempo, trava-se um segundo combate relativo às fronteiras, desta vez em sentido inverso: o confronto é pela dissolução dos limites, pela abolição dos muros reais e simbólicos que segregam a loucura. É nesse desenhar e apagar de linhas que se constituiria uma sociedade sem manicômios. O campo de batalha deste trabalho, enfim, localiza-se também nessas divisas, tendo como objetivo, no lugar de apagá-las ou garantir sua configuração, movimentá-las: muros, fronteiras ou limites, além de aprisionar ou segregar, acolhem, escondem e protegem; ademais, ainda que pareçam claras e precisas, são linhas descontínuas e abertas contêm furos, movimentam-se e produzem movimentos. É nessa mudança de perspectiva que buscamos mobilizar as fronteiras que vêm definindo nossas lutas, nossos ideais de comunidade e nossos modos de relação com a loucura, a fim de romper com suas formas totaisThe present work stems from the questioning about perception, discourses and practices related to madness in the Brazilian context of the Psychiatric Reform, sustaining the hypothesis that there are obstacles in the relationship between those who join the anti-asylum thought and the so-called lunatics: obstacles supported by a clinical-political paradigm that we aim at investigating. The rationality that arranges this paradigm is the object of analysis from this research, which intends to retrieve movement and opening ideas involved in the main proposition of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform for a society without asylums allying it to the idea of the coming community. Therefore, we present and discuss elements that compose and delimit anti-asylum thought: its foundations, narratives and practices - its ways of struggle. From this point, we have noticed that the denial of the asylum and the affirmation of a community-based mental healthcare in which fundamental aspects of the anti-asylum struggle articulate themselves offering contours to a thought that engenders specific ways of relating to madness. This articulation also produces boundaries: clear and precise ones that distinguish this ideal inclusive community from a society that marginalizes madness. The delimitation and recognition of these frontiers are important strategies because they enable to make visible and publicize the violence, the mistreatment and the exclusion of the asylum logic, thus conquering social support for the struggle. Likewise, a second conflict regarding boundaries arises, but this time in an opposite direction: the conflict is for the dissolution of the limits, for the abolition of the real and symbolic walls that segregate madness. It is in this drawing and erasing of lines that it would take root a society without asylums. The battlefield of this work, at last, locates itself also on these frontiers that, instead of erasing them or ensuring their configuration, aim to move them: walls, boundaries or limits, that as well as imprison or segregate, also welcome, hides and protect. Furthermore, even if they seem clear and precise, they are discontinuous and open lines, containing holes which also move and produce movements. It is in this change of perspective that we seek to mobilize the boundaries that define our struggles, our ideals of community and our ways of relating to madness in order to break away from their total forms
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Hambly, Jessica Catherine. "Advocates in asylum appeals". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.732604.
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Vice, President Research Office of the. "In Search of Asylum". Office of the Vice President Research, The University of British Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2697.
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Jezierski, Wojtek. "Total St Gall : Medieval Monastery as a Disciplinary Institution". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-43166.
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How much was a medieval monastery reminiscent of a modern prison? Or insane asylum? And if it was in the least - what can such a metaphor tell us about power relations structuring the life of medieval monks? The purpose of this compilation thesis (sammanläggningsavhandling) is to render explicit and analyze relations of power and modes of control comprising the social tissue of early medieval Benedictine monasteries. By bringing up the examples of tenth- and eleventh-century monasteries of St Gall, Fulda, and Bury St Edmunds, this thesis seeks to understand what power was in medieval monasteries, how and between whom it was exercised, what and how it affected in terms of collective and individual identity. The thesis consists of three introductory chapters, four previously published empirical articles, and a concluding remarks section. Article 1 investigates the problem of surveillance and patterns of social control dispersed in the monastery of St Gall. Article 2 studies the early and high medieval institutional expectations and means of enforcement of the monk’s role. Article 3 scrutinizes an example of a persecution process and a set of defense measures in the hands of the St Gall community warding off an unwanted visitor. Article 4 examines a number of internal monastic conflicts from several monasteries and strategies, both political and cognitive, guiding them. In investigating these problems, the thesis proceeds in a manner of deliberate anachronism. It asks questions about how human subjectivity was manufactured in early medieval St Gall, what were a medieval monastery’s ‘conditions of possibility’ to operate as a social regime, or oral and literary means of conflict management etc. The crucial modern social theories on which the thesis hinges are: Erving Goffman’s notion of ‘total institution’, and Michel Foucault’s analysis of power, as well as Pierre Bourdieu’s logic of action.