Tesis sobre el tema "Astrophysique : galaxies"
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Lauger, Sébastien. "Spectro-morphologie des galaxies : étude quantitative et multi-longueur d'onde de la morphologie des galaxies". Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX11051.
Texto completoGajda, Grzegorz. "Tidally induced bars in dwarf galaxies". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0154/document.
Texto completoIn the Local Group of galaxies we can distinguish two categories of dwarf galaxies. The dIrr galaxies exhibit certain degree of discy rotation, whereas the dSph galaxies have spheroidal shapes. In the tidal stirring scenario initially disky dwarf galaxies are transformed into spheroids due to repeated interactions with the host galaxy. An intermediate stage of this process involves the formation of a tidally induced bar in the stellar disc of the dwarf. First, we study the orbital structure in an $N$-body simulation. We determined orbital frequencies and shapes of stars. Majority of the orbits (more than $80\%$) have boxy shapes, while only about $8\%$ belong to the classical family x$_1$. Then, we study impact of two parameters: the size of the orbit of the dwarf and the inclination of its disc. The most pronounced bar was created on the intermediate-sized orbit while increasing the inclination leads to weaker bars. During further pericenter passages the bars were weakened and shortened. Finally, we study the impact of the interstellar medium varying gas fraction. In all cases bars of similar length formed in the stellar component of the dwarfs. However, the gaseous component remained approximately axisymmetric. In the models with a lower gas fraction the bars were more pronounced and survived until the end of the simulations, while in the dwarfs with a higher gas fraction the bars were destroyed after the second or third pericenter passages
Rettura, Alessandro. "Evolution des propriétés structurelles et des populations stellaires de galaxies massives et lointaines". Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112108.
Texto completoThe scope of this thesis is to study the morphology, the cinematics and the stellar populations of massive distant early type galaxies. To constrain the star formation and assembly history of the early type galaxy population one needs to explore the evolution of scaling relations such as the fundamental plane, the luminosity-size and the mass-size relation. This thesis aims at exploring the evolution of the stellar mass and luminosity as a function of the size, the morphological type and of the environment since z = 2. 5. To understand whether an accelerated evolution is present between 1. 0 < z < 1. 3, we study the galaxy mass and ages distribution as well as the morphological parameters both in the field and in the cluster environment. The galaxy host of powerful radio sources represent unique beacons for the most massive systems in the universe. The high redshift radio galaxies (HzRGs) form a straight sequence in redshift which traces the radio-quiet ones and which is well modeled by the evolution of an old stellar population formed at very high redshift from a reservoir of 1012 solar masses. A second part of this thesis is devoted to the study, at any cosmic epoch, of the most massive galaxies by studying observations of 70 HzRGs a 1 < z < 5. 2. The main goal is to completely cover the SED of HzRGs in order to constrain galaxy ages and masses
Chilingarian, Igor. "Formation et évolution des galaxies elliptiques naines". Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10194.
Texto completoThis thesis presents observational studies of evolution of dwarf elliptical galaxies. DE's are numerically dominant population in clusters of galaxies, but their origin and evolution is a matter of debate. Several scenarios of gas removal from dE's exist: galactic winds, ram pressure stripping, gravitaional harassment. We present new method to estimate stellar population parameters and internal kinematics, based on fitting observed spectra in the pixel space by PEGASE. HR synthetic populations. We apply this technique to 3D-spectroscopic observations of dE galaxies in the Virgo cluster and nearby groups and multiobject spectroscopy of several dozens of dE's in the Abell 496 cluster. We present discovery of young nuclei in bright dE galaxies in the Virgo cluster. Based on the analysis of observational data we conclude that: (1) there is an evolutionary connection between dE's and dIrr's, (2) the most probable scenario of gas removal is ram pressure stripping by the intergalactic medium
Augustin, Ramona. "Characterising the circum-galactic medium : observations in absorption and simulations of emission". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0254.
Texto completoUnderstanding the processes of gas flows in and out of galaxies is crucial in galaxy evolution studies. Yet, observations of the faint and diffuse Circum-Galactic Medium (CGM), where these processes take place, remain challenging. In this work, I explore different methods to observe, simulate and characterise the gas around galaxies in the CGM. I identified and characterised galaxy counterparts to Damped Lyman-alpha Absorbers (DLAs) at z equivalent 1 using highly spatially resolved Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations. I determine their stellar masses and find that the galaxies are generally less massive than the average galaxy population, but follow the predicted trends in terms of star formation rate and metallicity. The high spatial resolution of the optical HST data also allows for a closer look at the morphology at those galaxies and reveals complex, unexpected structures. While absorption lets us investigate very faint gas, it is usually limited to a single line of sight and we need observations in emission to map the CGM and gain information on its extent and clumpiness. To improve observing strategies of the CGM in emission, I make predictions from dedicated cosmological zoom-in simulations, post-processed with a CLOUDY emission model. This combination allows to create mock IFU-like galaxy halo data cubes which are next used as input to instrument models in order to prepare CGM observations with FIREBall-2 (UV spectrograph on a balloon) and HARMONI (near-infrared IFU on the ELT). I predict that FIREBall-2 is capable of detecting Ly alpha and find HARMONI to be competitive for CGM studies
Prieur, Jean-Louis. "Etude de galaxies à coquilles". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00915278.
Texto completoBoissier, Samuel. "Formation Stellaire Aux Échelles Des Galaxies". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Aix-Marseille Université, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00761183.
Texto completoPerret, Valentin. "Fusion des galaxies juvéniles : des simulations aux observations". Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01059736.
Texto completoBaillard, Anthony. "Détermination automatique des paramètres morphologiques des galaxies". Paris, ENST, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENST0070.
Texto completoImages data is key to modern astrophysics, especially while trying to define galaxies. Galaxy morphological classification is an enthralling but difficult task. This is particularly true while dealing with distant galaxies convolved by a point-spread function and suffering from a poor signal-to-noise ratio. This thesis proposes an automatic system to classify images of galaxies with varying resolution. Being at the intersection of three disciplines: astronomy (properties of galaxies), signal processing (image analysis), and artificial intelligence (supervised learning), the work has been realized as part of the project EFIGI (http://www. Efigi. Org), a collaboration of French research laboratories (IAP, LTCI, LRDE, LAM, OMP and CRAL). The first two chapters, dedicated to astronomy, show how a robust set of morphological data was put together. Chapters three to five, on computer science, clarify the acquisition and usage of the input data for the classifiers. Chapter 1 introduces extragalactic astronomy and galactic morphology. Chapter 2 describes the catalogue of galaxies called CFIGI, which contains detailed morphological information. CFIGI is the result of fruitful work collaboration with seven astronomers. Chapter 3 introduces the tool NFIGI, which was written to clean images of galaxies from contaminating sources (like stars). Chapter 4 proposes a technique of dimensional reduction using SExFIGI, a software to decompose images of galaxies on a basis of concentric “rings”. Chapter 5 concludes with the supervised systems that automatically determine a set of morphological parameters (bulge/total ratio, arm curvature, bar strength, and others)
Siebert, Arnaud. "Structure et dynamique des disques de la Galaxie". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13036.
Texto completoLicitra, Rossella. "Galaxy cluster detection with optical and infrared imaging". Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077149.
Texto completoBeing galaxy clusters the most massive bound structures in the Universe, they represent a powerful tool to probe the large-scale structure predicted by the standard cosmological model, and to understand how environmental effects affect galaxy evolution. To conduct these studies and obtain reliable results, it is important to build complete and pure cluster catalogs. The use of these catalogs for cosmology requires accurate estimates of cluster mass. In this work, I describe the cluster detection algorithm that I developed during my PhD thesis : Red-GOLD, and the results that I obtained by applying i to current multi-wavelength surveys. My algorithm is based on the detection of galaxy overdensities and the characterisation of their red-sequence. The algorithm finds red galaxy overdensities with respect to the mean background. I select red galaxies using color predictions given by stellar population synthesis models and impose color limits as a function of redshift. Among those galaxies, I discern the early-type galaxies from their spectral type. I then identify cluster members using accurate photometric redshifts, and estimate the cluster candidate richness. I applied Red-GOLD to optical data coming from two different surveys, the Next Generatiôn Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS) and the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey (CFHTLS) and detected galaxy cluster candidates up to redshift z=1. I assessed the performances of my algorithm by applying it to simulated galaxy catalogs from the Millennium simulations. My cluster catalogue is complete at the 80% up to redshift z=1 and pure at 81%
Heinis, Sébastien. "La distribution spatiale des galaxies sélectionnées en ultraviolet intrinsèque de z =1 à z = 0 : formation stellaire et environnement". Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX11043.
Texto completoForero, Romero Jaime Ernesto. "Predictabilité, galaxies infrarouges et lentilles gravitationnelles : applications de l'approche hybride". Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENSL0427.
Texto completoOutini, Mehdi. "Mesure de la cinématique interne des galaxies en spectroscopie sans fente". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1205/document.
Texto completoSlitless spectroscopy has long been considered as a complicated and confused technique because of its self- and cross-confusion effets. However, since the era of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) instruments which offer a low background and fine spatial resolution, slitless spectroscopy has become an adopted cosmological survey tool to study galaxy evolution from space. Within this context, we investigate its application to single object studies. In recent surveys, the spectra analysis is usually done using backward extraction which mixes spatial and spectral properties and therefore does not take into account self-confusion effect. The goals of this PhD is firstly to include this effect which degrades the effective spectral resolution (which depends on the extent of the source), in order to make the redshift and other integrated spectral features measure- ments more accurate. We also explore the feasibility to measure spatially resolved quantities such as galaxy kinematics. We build a complete forward model to be quantitatively compared to actual slitless observations. The model is tested on selected observations from 3D-HST and GLASS surveys, to estimate redshift and kinematic parameters (modeling the galaxy rotation curve) on several galaxies mea- sured with one or more roll angles. Our forward approach allows to mitigate self-confusion effect, and therefore to increase the precision of redshift measurements. In a sub-sample of well-resolved spiral galaxies from HST surveys, it is possible to significantly constrain galaxy rotation curve pa- rameters. We also study the systematics effects induced by the hypothesis of our model by building slitless simulations with the data of the integral field spectrograph survey MaNGA. These simu- lations suggest that the precise measurement of the kinematics parameters is difficult for most of the current slitless observations. Nethertheless, they point out that this forward model contrains significantly well the redshift. Finally, this work is promising for future large slitless spectroscopic surveys such as Euclid
Majerowicz, Sébastien. "Aspects cosmologiques et évolution des propriétés des amas de galaxies". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2003/MAJEROWICZ_Sebastien_2003.pdf.
Texto completoSalomon, Jean-Baptiste. "Morphologie intrinsèque et cinématique globale des galaxies satellites d’Andromède". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAE042/document.
Texto completoThe Lambda-CDM cosmological model represents nowadays the best understanding of the formation and the evolution of large scale structures in our Universe. Nevertheless, this paradigm is not predictive and successful yet at smaller scales. In this context, satellites in the Local Group (LG), the simpler and closer galactic systems, are one of our best chance to test this model and to improve our comprehension of galaxy formation. Thus, we present here a method to derive analytically the intrinsic (3D) morphology of dwarf galaxies. Results of this technic applied to 25 Andromeda (M31) satellites suggest that the LG is in fact more disturbed than what was previously thought. After this individual approach, we further expose a recent result on the global kinematics of the M31 system. This new estimation suggests for the first time a high transverse velocity for this system with respect to the Milky Way. These values could lead to redefine the entire dynamic of the LG and its surroundings
L'Huillier, Benjamin. "Formation des galaxies : rôle de l'accrétion du gaz". Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066663.
Texto completoMartin, Nicolas Ibata Rodrigo. "A la recherche de structures stellaires du disque galactique au halo de la galaxie d'Andromède". Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2006. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/575/01/PhD_martin.pdf.
Texto completoBlais-Ouellette, Sébastien. "Distribution de la matière sombre dans les galaxies spirales". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ56463.pdf.
Texto completoGuglielmo, Valentina. "Groups and clusters of galaxies in the XXL survey". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0067.
Texto completoXXL is the only large X-ray sky survey that combines information on intergalactic gas with galaxy characteristics for a large sample of structures. This will help to address in a new way one of the most debated questions of modern astrophysics: which processes influence the evolution of galaxies in groups. The thesis project aims to study the history of recent star formation and galaxies as a function of the mass of the structure and characteristics of intergalactic gas. The scientific question we aim to answer is to what extent the group environment influence the evolution of galaxies. The first task of my work consists in the creation of a homogeneous spectrophotometric sample of galaxies (Guglielmo et al. 2017) at 0.1$\leq$z$<$0.6, suitable for scientific purposes. The catalogue is fundamental for all XXL studies that aims at relating optical properties derived from galaxies with X-ray information and is widely used in the whole XXL collaboration. The first scientific realization of this thesis looks at the distribution of the mass included in the stars of galaxies. After evaluating the stability of the distributionscompared to the environment, I examined how the environment affects star formation and the observed properties of galaxies. I started this analysis from the richest supercluster identified in XXL-N, XLSSsC N01, located at redshift z$\sim$0.3 and composed of 14 groups and clusters. Finally, I extend the analysis of this peculiar supercluster to the whole XXL-N field, by taking advantage of both the global and local environment parametrisations
Martinez, Aviles Gerardo. "Sources radio diffuses dans les amas de galaxies". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4076/document.
Texto completoThe knowledge on the origin of Radio Halos (Rhs), Mpc-scale low surface brightness diffuse radio emission observed in massive galaxy clusters, has moved towards a general consensus on the recent years. The generally accepted scenario for the mechanism responsible of this kind of diffuse emission is the re-acceleration of relativistic electrons by the turbulence generated in cluster mergers. On this framework, it is expected from models that a larger fraction of RH occurrence may appear at z=0.3-0.4. However, radio observations of galaxy clusters in this redshift regime are still limited. The MACS-Planck Radio Halo Cluster Project has the aim of exploring the origin and occurrence of RHs, as well as their connection with the dynamical state of the host systems by exploring a higher redshift range than previous studies. In this thesis, I present the published data of the ATCA subsample of the project and prospects for the future work
Epinat, Benoit. "Des Galaxies Proches Aux Galaxies Lointaines: Etudes Cinématique et Dynamique". Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00413769.
Texto completoFremaux, Julien. "Populations stellaires dans les galaxies hôtes de noyaux actifs". Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077102.
Texto completoThe stellar population of the galaxies hosting an active nuclei seems to have a strong relationship with the activity level of the nucleus. As these galaxies are too far to be resolved in individual stars, we have to use a population synthesis method to be able to determine which kind of stars we can find inside. The comparison between these stellar populations and those of the non-active galaxies of the same morphological type will bring us a better knowledge on the relationship between the stellar population and the active nucleus. In this thesis, we have developed a new method for the stellar population synthesis using the flux received from the galaxy as observable quantity to fit and taking into account the non stellar diluting continua that contaminate the galactic spectrum. We have applied this method to the Seyfert 1 galaxy MCG-6-30-15. The wavelength range chosen, in the near infrared, is particularly well adapted for the stud'y of the internal region of the Seyfert 1 galaxies because, on the contrary of the visible range, there are almost none of the emission lines coming from the active nucleus. However, it is difficult to build a complete stellar spectra library in the near infrared, because of a lack of observations. Now, this library is an essential ingredient for the stellar population synthesis. It should be possible to complete it with theoretical spectra, computed thanks to stellar atmospheres models, but comparing these spectra to observed ones in the near infrared shows the lack of reliability of the computed absorption lines
Guivarch, Bruno. "Ecoulement du gaz dans le disque des galaxies barrées". Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX11028.
Texto completoSarron, Florian. "Galaxy clusters in the cosmic web Searching for filaments and large-scale structure around DAFT/FADA clusters Weak lensing study of 16 DAFT/FADA clusters: Substructures and filaments". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS366.
Texto completoAs the most massive bound structures in the universe, galaxy clusters are a powerful probe of the impact of environment on galaxy evolution. In this work, I present AMASCFI, a new cluster finder algorithm using photometric redshifts I developed during the PhD and use the cluster catalogue obtained on the Canada France Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey (CFHTLS) to investigate the role played by clusters and their environment on galaxy evolution. We show the good performances of AMASCFI on Euclid and the CFHTLS using mock data. In particular AMASCFI is 90% pure and 70% complete to z<0.7 for the latter. We then apply AMASCFI to the CFHTLS T0007, and infer a mass for each detected cluster using richness as a proxy. Using our cluster catalogue, we study the redshift evolution of the galaxy luminosity functions (GLFs) of early-type (ETGs) and late-type (LTGs) galaxies at different cluster masses. We observe that the ETG GLF faint-end drops at high redshift, the red sequence (RS) being already formed at z~0.7, but enriched by faint ETGs at z<0.7. This could be due to quenching of LTGs in the cluster or accretion of faint ETGs pre-processed in infalling groups. To investigate the role of pre-processing, we use the method of Laigle et al (2018) to detect filaments from photometric redshifts and show that it allows to recover the 3D cosmic web at CFHTLS accuracy. We apply it to the CFHTLS and detect filaments around AMASCFI clusters. Studying the distances of ETGs and LTGs in these filaments to clusters, we conclude that some quenching occurs in filaments. We suggest that this might be due to strangulation in galaxy groups though we still lack conclusive evidence for such a mechanism
Pham, Tuan Anh. "Observations millimétriques-submillimétriques de galaxies lentillées gravitationellement à haut redshift". Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2709/.
Texto completoThe thesis gives a detailed account of observations of the host galaxy of a distant quasar, RX J0911. Detailed observations of the CO emission have been made possible thanks to the gravitational lensing offered by the presence of a galaxy in the foreground and to the quality of the Plateau de Bure Interferometer. High resolutions have been obtained both in frequency, allowing for a precise measurement of the line width, and in space, allowing for resolving spatially the source both on the line and in the continuum, namely both in its dust and gas content. The mechanism of gravitational lensing has been discussed in detail. As is often the case with large magnifications, the source happens to be in the vicinity of the lens caustic, in fact to overlap it. A consequence is a strong dependence of the magnification on the precise position of point sources in the galaxy, resulting in significantly different magnifications for the gas, the dust and the central QSO. Moreover, the morphology of the observed images is distorted in addition to being amplified. The data illustrate the advantage offered by the strong lensing in terms of increased sensitivity as well as the complication that results, causing an additional source of uncertainties on the quantities that are accessible to measurement. The CO(7-6) line stands out clearly above continuum, allowing for reliable measurements of the gas and dust luminosities. Detailed studies of the four lensed images have made it possible to resolve the source in both the line and the continuum with rms radii of 106±15 and 39±18 mas respectively. In the line case, the quality of the data have provided evidence for an ellipticity of the source, 3. 3 standard deviations away from circular, and for a velocity gradient correlated with the source ellipticity, at the level of 4. 5 standard deviations. The very narrow CO(7-6) line implies a low dynamical mass and both gas and dust mass evaluations fall on the low side of the normal high-z quasar host population. The large star formation efficiency is on the high side of both low-z and high-z galaxies: much of the gas has been exhausted after an intense star formation period, leaving the galaxy at the border between high-z and low-z quasar hosts
La, Vieuville Geoffroy de. "Le regard privilégié de MUSE sur les sources de la réionisation cosmique". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30254.
Texto completoReionization is the last change of state of the Universe which made its entire hydrogen content transition from a neutral to a completely ionized state. This rapid transition and heating of the gas content had major consequences on the formation and evolution of structures which makes of reionization a key element to understand the present day Universe. In our current understanding, reionization was mostly done by z ~ 6 and the sources responsible for this transition are likely faint, low mass and star-forming galaxies (SFGs). One way to study this population is to determine the Luminosity Function (LF) of galaxies selected from their Lyman-alpha emission and assess their ionizing flux density. However, most recent studies and their conclusions are in general limited by the lowest flux that can be reached with the current observational facilities. One of the major goals of the work presented in this manuscript is the study of the Lyman-alpha emitters (LAE) LF using deep observations of strong lensing clusters with the integral field unit (IFU) MUSE. The combined usage of large IFU data cubes and lensing fields makes this analysis computationally challenging. To get around this difficulty, we have developed new methods to account for the contribution of each individual LAE, including the effective-volume and completeness determinations. The LFs resulting form this analysis set an unprecedented level of constraint on the shape of the faint end. Making no assumption on the escape fraction of Lyα emission, we observe that the LAE population has a similar level of contribution to the total ionising emissivity as the UV-selected galaxies (LBGs) at z ∼ 6. In the continuity of this work on the LAE LF, we investigate the effect of the selection method on this conclusion. The results have shown that the observed proportion of LAEs increases significantly among UV-faint galaxies and at increasing redshift
Jong, Sandra de. "Accretion processes of radio galaxies at high energies". Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2013. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00914365.
Texto completoThis thesis presents a study of gamma-bright radio galaxies. By analysing X-ray and gamma-ray data in addition to creating broad-band spectral energy distributions (SEDs), we studied two examples of this new class sources. For the FR-II source 3C 111 we analysed Suzaku/XIS and PIN and INTEGRAL IBIS/ISGRI observations to create a X-ray spectrum. We also used a Swift/BAT spectrum from the 58-month survey. The 0. 4--200 keV spectrum of the source shows both thermal, Seyfert-like signatures such as an iron K-α line, and non-thermal jet features. We also analysed gamma-ray data from Fermi/LAT. The gamma-ray and X-ray data are combined with historical radio, infrared and optical to build the SED, which can well represented with a non-thermal jet model. The bolometric luminosity of 3C 111 is rather low, and the SED model shows rather BL Lac type than the expected FSRQ. The next source we studied is the nearby FR-I M87. This source has been detected in gamma-rays and in the TeV band, but so far not in the hard X-rays (>10 keV). The first part of our analysis was focussed on setting and upper limit to the hard X-ray emission of this source, using INTEGRAL IBIS/ISGRI observations. In addition to the standard method we applied several techniques in the analysis process, such as pointing selection and shadowgram treatment, in order to decrease the noise level of the result. Using 5. 1 Ms of ISGRI data we determined a 3 σ upper limit to average 20--60 keV flux of f<3x10⁻¹² erg cm⁻² S⁻¹. We have also analysed Suzaku/PIN observations, where we detected M87 for the first time in the hard X-ray band, with a flux of f=1. 3⁺⁰‧¹ ₋₀. ₂ X 10⁻¹¹ erg cm⁻² S⁻¹ between 20 and 60 keV. This detection indicates a flare, since the flux is significantly higher than the derived average upper limit. We also analysed Dermi/LAT data and combined this with the X-ray upper limits and historical radio, infrared and optical observations to build a SED. The SED can be modelled as a BL Lac source, which is expected since M87 is a FR-I type. We then also examined the general aspects of gamma-ray bright radio galaxies. Most of these objects are the FR-I type, and the core of the least one FR-II, 3C 111, is rather BL Lac-like than the expected FSRQ. For the other FR-II sources this might also be the case. The gamma-ray emission originates from the jet, similar as in the case of blazars. Due to the large jet angle, the emission is not observed to be boosted. However, since the gamma-ray emission originates near the black hole, either reflection or a large opening angle can explain the observations. In addition, I contributed to the study of a possible dark matter halo observed with Fermi/LAT in the vicinity of the Virgo cluster. Our work shown that a population of point sources contributes to this emission. In this thesis, the result of an extended emission analysis and the search for possible counter parts of new sources are presented. Finally, the detection of two new X-ray sources using Swift is reported here for the first time. These sources the BL Lac object BZB J1552+0850 and the Seyfert galaxy LSBC F727--V01, are both located within the 95% error circle of the Dermi/LAT source 2FGL J1551. 9+08. 55. We analysed the X-ray data from the XRT and data from the UVOT. The likely counterpart of the Fermi source is rather the blazer BZB J1552+0850, since Seyfert galaxies are rarely gamma-ray emitters. To understand the gamma-ray bright radio galaxies, X-ray observations can be used to can characterise these sources. Using for example the new generations of instruments, such as NuSTAR and ASTRO-H, will help with their superior resolution to distinguish between thermal and non-thermal emission ray spectrum. Additionally, by building SEDs from simulteneous multi-wavelenght observations will help constrain the broad-band emission. This will also help to pinpoint the counter part of Fermi/LAT detected sources, which is not trivial due to the large error position
Patris, Julie. "Evolution du taux de formation d'étoiles dans les galaxies : approche observationnelle". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066456.
Texto completoAubert, Dominique. "Mesure et implications dynamiques des flux de matière noire à la surface du viriel des halos de galaxies". Paris 11, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00110561.
Texto completoWelker, Charlotte. "Flipping pancakes : how gas inflows and mergers shape galaxies in their cosmic environment". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066704/document.
Texto completoInteractions between galaxies and their larger scale environment is a central tenet of structure formation theory. However, this idea encompasses a long list of processes. Indeed, galaxies grow from intense gas inflows at high-redshift and acquire spin through tidal torques on larger scales while merging with one another at the same time. None of these processes is independent from the large scale distribution of matter, strikingly anisotropic and consisting of an extended network of voids delimited by sheets, themselves segmented by high-density filaments within which matter flows towards compact nodes where they intersect. Such a structure imprints its geometry on cosmic flows, especially gas inflows and drifting galaxies, ultimately shaping the distribution of galactic properties.This work investigates some of these correlations between galactic and extra-galactic scales in the hydrodynamical cosmological simulation Horizon-AGN. First, I analyze and quantify the spin orientations of galaxies and show that both minor and major mergers can drive important spin swings. I further investigate the distribution of satellite galaxies around a more massive host and find it to be also fairly correlated to the direction of the surrounding filament. However, this trend is in competition with a tendency for satellites to align their orbits in the central galactic plane especially in the inner parts of the halo.Finally, I study the impact of mergers and diffuse accretion on the size and shape of galaxies at the peak of cosmic star formation history. The main results statistically support the gas-poor minor merger scenario to interpret the loss of compacity of spheroids at low-z
Munoz, Sardaneta Maria Minerva. "Two-dimensional ionised gas kinematics in edge-on late-type galaxies in low and high density environments". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0527.
Texto completoSome spiral galaxies have a hot gas component displaying a thick disk, the diffuse ionised gas (DIG). DIG layers detected several kpc out of the galactic plane, called extra-planar DIG (eDIG), have different kinematic properties than the ionised gas in the disk. In edge-on galaxies, the longitudinal and vertical gas kinematics can be studed without confusion with the disk gas. A key property governing the presence of the eDIG is the star-forming activity (SFR), but it is still unclear which is the major source of the eDIG ionisation. Fabry-Perot interferometry offers two-dimensional coverage to detect diffuse Hα emission with high spectral resolution. In this work, we studied Hα data acquired using this technique for two samples of late-type galaxies viewed edge-on (i≥75deg) in order to understand the prominence and kinematics of the eDIG. To discriminate between in-disk gas emission from out-of-disk gas emission seen in projection, we used near-infrared imagery. A sample of 43 galaxies was extracted from the ‘Herschel Reference Survey (HRS)’ catalogue on which we detected features of galaxies interacting with the ICM. As the galaxy evolution can be perturbed by the environment, a sample of 14 galaxies was selected from the "Catalogue of Isolated Galaxies (CIG)". Preliminary results show that in isolated galaxies the rotational lag increases with their intrinsic SFR. The large Virgo spiral galaxy, NGC 4330, is undergoing major transformations due to the density of its environment. Being representative of the HRS sample, a deep Hα kinematic analysis of it was performed finding kinematic similarities with its atomic and molecular gas
Legrand, François. "L'IMPACT DES ÉTOILES MASSIVES SUR LE MILIEU INTERSTELLAIRE ET SUR L'ÉVOLUTION CHIMIQUE DES GALAXIES Á SURSAUT". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01044435.
Texto completoDepagne, Éric. "Abondance des éléments plus légers que le zinc dans les premières étoiles galactiques : implications sur la nature des premières supernovae". Paris 6, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00165388.
Texto completoDuring my Ph. D. I have analyzed 33 extremely metal-deficient galactic halo stars (stars having less than 500 times less metals than the Sun) observed at the VLT, using the high resolution spectrograph UVES. These stars are relics from the very first ages of our Galaxy, and thud provide useful constraints on both the formation and on the evolution models of our Galaxy. I determined the abundances for 17 elements from carbon to zinc with an unprecedented accuracy, including the key elements oxygen and zinc, to understand which kind of supernova had enriched the interstellar medium during the early times of the Galaxy. I have shown in this work that we could explain the observed abundance ratio without including very massive supernova (stars whose mass is greater then M Sun). In addition, the abundance trends are compared with Galactic chemical evolution models. As the study is based on very metal poor stars that are supposed to be born during the first ages of our Galaxy, my work brings strong new observational constraints to these models
Martin, Nicolas. "A la recherche de structures stellaires du disque galactique au halo de la galaxie d'Andromède". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/MARTIN_Nicolas_2006.pdf.
Texto completoHudelot, Patrick. "Détection et analyse par effet de lentille gravitationnelle d'amas de galaxies". Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30285.
Texto completoThe cartography of the mass in galaxy clusters compared to the output of numerical simulations is a powerful test to constrain cosmological parameters. The originality of the gravitationnal lensing analysis presented in the first part is the large use of new statistical bayesian techniques to measure the shape of galaxies and reconstruct the final mass maps. This formalism allowed a precise determination of the NFW profile of the cluster Cl0024. The second part presents the project of a joined galaxy cluster detection both with the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (radio) et the Red Cluster Sequence (optical). This method is based of this identification of colour sequences of early type galaxies in cluters. The implementation has been tested on a subsample of images of the complete survey. Finally a chapter is devoted to the tools used to reduce the wide field images used in this work
Ravel, Loïc de. "La contribution des fusions à l'évolution des galaxies depuis un décalage spectral de z~2. 5". Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX11041.
Texto completoThis thesis aims to estimate the contribution of major mergers to the global evolution of galaxies. In particular, this study, based on new measurements of galaxy merger rates using the Vimos VLT Deep Survey and zCOSMOS spectroscopic surveys, aims to quantify how much of the galaxy mass growth is due to galaxy major mergers. These surveys enable to identify true galaxy pairs up to z = 1 since, thanks to spectroscopic redshifts, one can access the velocity difference along the line of sight for the two members. Using these identified galaxy pairs, one can study the variation of the merger rates for different galaxy samples selected with respect to their luminosities, stellar masses, morphologies or environment and infer different merging histories for these different galaxy populations. It turns out that merger rates of late type galaxies, less massive/luminous, is about four times higher than merger rates of early type galaxies. Combining several surveys, I am able to estimate the evolution of the galaxy merger rate over eleven billion years. I show that more or less half of a present day faint galaxy’s stellar mass has been assembled through two or three major merging processes since z = 2. 5. All together, results exposed in this study show that major mergers is a key ingredient in the evolution of galaxies and should not be under-estimated when included in galaxy evolution models
Veltz, Lionel Bienaymé Olivier Freeman Ken. "Formation du disque de la Voie Lactée". Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/871/01/VELTZ_Lionel_2007.pdf.
Texto completoMartinache, Clément. "Le printemps cosmique des grandes structures : Spitzer et la recherche de structures à z ~ 2 à haut taux de formation stellaire dans le sillage de Planck et Herschel". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS300/document.
Texto completoGalaxies are beacons in the Universe that allow us to understand the evolution of the distribution matter in all its forms. The study of galaxies at different epochs helps to understand how they organize at large scales (greater than inter-galaxies distance) but also how they formed, and formed their stars.At our cosmic epoch, galaxies that reside in the densest environments (clusters, groups) have very different properties compared to galaxies residing in less dense environments. This bimodality between 1) elliptical galaxies, massive, old and forming little stars in dense environments on the one hand, and 2) of spiral galaxies, younger and experimenting intense star formation in less dense environments indicates different evolutionary mechanisms and formation mechanisms.The study of galaxies in clusters reveals that they probably experimented intense star formation at redshifts z ~ 2, and points to a synchronous episode of star formation in the galaxies in the cluster, and of colossal proportions (~ 500 solar masses per year, to be compared with the average rate of star formation observed in the local Universe in the order of ~ 1-10 solar masses per year). But this phase still lack a direct observational conclusion, although recent observations in this direction.One possible way to search for these objects is to try to detect their emission in the far infrared, which traces directly star formation. This is what has been achieved with the Planck satellite. From Planck / HFI data, a team in collaboration with us extracted 2151 cluster candidates experimenting an intense star formation phase. A follow-up of 228 candidates was made with the space telescope Herschel / SPIRE, and revealed overdensities of red sources, compatible with a redshift distribution peaking around z ~ 2, and star formation rates of approximately 700 masses solar year.To better constrain the redshift of these candidates, study their contents in terms of stars, another follow-up on 80 candidates was conducted using the IRAC instrument on the Spitzer Space Telescope. My work focuses on the analysis and interpretation of such data.The wavelengths of the IRAC instrument (3.6 and 4.5 microns) are indeed tailored to detect a characteristic peak emission of stellar populations, to estimate the redshift and the stellar mass.My work revealed overdensities of red IRAC sources (z> 1.3) at the positions of the red SPIRE sources (z ~ 2 ~ 700Msol.an SFR), compatible with clusters or proto-clusters in an intense star formation phase. Estimates of photometric redshifts and stellar mass show that these objects are compatible with the progenitors of local clusters.These candidates, however, require confirmation, especially with obtaining spectroscopic redshifts. This work has already begun, and two candidates have already been confirmed at redshifts of 2.15 and 2.36 using the 30m / IRAM. Data obtained with the ALMA interferometer and NOEMA revealed that the SPIRE emission originates in some cases from several galaxies.These initial results are encouraging, but a study at other wavelengths (near infrared) is also needed to better constrain the content of our mass objects, and their star formation history. The data is already available on part of the smple, and analysis has begun
Fouquet, Sylvain. "Impact des fusions majeures sur l'évolution des galaxies spirales et naines". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00975096.
Texto completoYounes, George. "Complete X-ray study of low ionization nuclear emission line regions showing broad Hα emission (LINER 1s) and their spectral energy distribution". Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6088.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on the faint end of the active galactic nuclei (AGN) luminosity function in the nearby universe, mainly populated by AGN-powered Low Ionization Nuclear Emission-line Regions (LINERs). The study was based on a LINERls sample anSllyzed showing a definite detection of a broad Halpha emission, a typical property of luminous type 1 AGN. 1 have investigated the accretion mode and radiative processes ofthese AGN-powered LINERls based on their X-ray and multi-wavelength (spectral energy distribution, SED) properties, and 1 have compared them to those ofluminous AGN (Seyfert galaxies and quasars) and X-ray binaries. The dissimilarities in the X-ray properties ofthis sample compared to luminous AGN (rare short timescale variability, no Fe Kalpha emission line at 6. 4 keV, ~nd the anticorrelation of the X-ray powerlaw index with the Eddington ratio) point toward probably a different accretion and radiative process in these two classes, i. E. A RIAF/jet radiative process in LINER ls. The SED ofthese LINER ls with simultaneous UV and X-ray fluxes, at a given X-ray luminosity, (1) resembles the SED ofradio-loud AGN in the radio band (mean radio-to-X-ray flux ratio, =-1. 17), and (3) displays bolometric luminosity of at least two orders of magnitude lower than luminous AGN. Again, the multi-wavelength properties ofthese LINERls are most likely consistent with a RIAF/jet radiative rocess
Bouffet, Romuald. "Evolution de la structure VLBI des sources de l'ICRF : lien entre astrométrie et astrophysique". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0083/document.
Texto completoActive Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are located in the center of extremely distant and bright galaxies. Their luminosity comes from the interaction between a super-massive central blackhole and an accretion disk, producing a relativistic collimated jet of matter. Thanks to the extremely high resolution achieved by Very Long Base line Interferometry (VLBI), the jet structure may be studied in detail, while the astrometric position of the AGN is determined with ahigh accuracy. Because of their location at cosmological distances, no proper motions are detected for those objects, making them ideal fiducial points for building highly-precise celestial reference frames.Instabilities up to a few hundreds of micro arc seconds are yet often observed in astrometricpositions on time scales from months to years. This is generally thought to be caused by theevolution of source structure. The study presented here investigates the correlation between the two phenomena on a statistical basis. Based on regular VLBI observations conducted between1994 and 2003, astrometric position variations and source structure evolution are compared fora sample of 68 AGN over a period of 10 years. The results indicate that a correlation between the two phenomena does exist but it is not as strong as expected. Additionally, a simulation of the effects caused by the precession of the accretion disc and the potential presence of abinary black hole in the center of the AGN is presented. Applied to the source 1308+326, the simulation shows that the magnitude of the effects is consistent with the oscillations of the jet trajectory observed on VLBI scale
Hallé, Anaëlle. "Influence de la physique baryonique dans les simulations de galaxies spirales". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00924468.
Texto completoNehlig, François. "Le gaz dans les galaxies spirales de l'univers local : modélisation d'observations radio et étude des lois de formation stellaire dans les galaxies perturbées". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAE014/document.
Texto completoThe interstellar medium (ISM) of spiral galaxies plays a key role in galaxy evolution. Throughout this thesis we characterized the link between the ISM of spiral galaxies and the star formation efficiency. In a first part, we studied the atomic gas distribution of the highly inclined spiral galaxy NGC 2683, with a deprojection model of radio data cubes. This study gives insight on the gas accretion history in this galaxy. In a second part of this work, we examined the compression effects of the ISM, which occurs in galaxies located in dense environment. Our approach makes use of both a multiwavelength data set of galaxies enduring ISM compression (including new millimeter observations), and dynamical simulations of these galaxies combined with an analytical model which gives access to small scale physics. Our thesis shows the complementarity of high quality observations together with modelisation of these observations and dynamical simulations in the study of the ISM in spiral galaxies
Verley, Simon. "Quantification de l'environnement et caractérisation Halpha des galaxies les plus isolées de l'Univers local". Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00201125.
Texto completoNous avons étudié 950 galaxies en provenance du Catalogue de Galaxies Isolées (Karachentseva, 1973) et évalué leur isolation au moyen d'une procédure de classification automatique de séparation étoile/galaxie (jusqu'à M_B = 17.5) sur de larges champs digitalisés POSS-I autour de chaque galaxie isolée. Nous avons défini, comparé et discuté différents critères pour quantifier le degré d'isolation de ces galaxies, comme la révision du critère de Karachentseva, la densité de surface locale, l'estimation des forces de marées externes affectant chaque galaxie isolée. Nous trouvons des galaxies n'obéissant pas au critère de base de Karachentseva et nous définissons différents sous-échantillons de galaxies selon leurs degrés d'isolation. De plus nous avons cherché les redshifts des galaxies centrales ainsi que ceux de leurs compagnons pour avoir accès à la dimension radiale et ainsi une image en trois dimensions de l'environnement. Enfin, nous avons appliqué nos procédures aux triplets, groupes compacts et amas de galaxies et interprété la population de galaxies isolées à la lumière de ces échantillons de contrôle.
La formation d'étoiles est connue pour être affectée par l'environnement local des galaxies mais le taux de formation d'étoiles dépend aussi grandement des caractéristiques intrinsèques du milieu interstellaire. Séparer ces deux effets reste un problème difficile. Pour solutionner, nous avons observé et compilé des données photométriques pour 200 galaxies spirales issues du Catalogue des Galaxies Isolées qui sont par définition dans des régions de faible densité. Ensuite, nous avons étudié l'aspect de la morphologie en Halpha des 45 galaxies les plus grandes et les moins inclinées. En utilisant les techniques de Transformation de Fourier Rapide, nous nous focalisons sur les modes des bras spiraux. Nous quantifions la force des barres et nous donnons les couples entre les étoiles nouvellement formées et la matière optique. Nous interprétons les diverses barres et morphologies Halpha observées en termes d'évolution séculaire subie par les galaxies isolées. La fréquence observée des modèles morphologiques particuliers apporte des contraintes sur la durée de vie des barres, et les temps de destruction associés. En utilisant des simulations numériques, l'essai d'adapter les distributions Halpha apporte des contraintes sur la loi de formation d'étoiles, qui est susceptible de différer d'une simple loi de Schmidt.
Chamballu, Antoine. "Sondages d'amas de galaxies par effet Sunyaev-Zel'dovich : Corrélations et combinaison avec les observations X". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00201701.
Texto completopoint de vue cosmologique.
Korsaga, Marie. "Distribution of baryonic and dark matter in spiral and irregular nearby galaxies". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0585/document.
Texto completoMy PhD research is focused on the dark and luminous matter distribution in spiral and irregular galaxies. To do this, I modeled the mass distribution in galaxies in multiple component, baryonics (disc and bulge) and non-baryonic (dark matter halo). In the first part, I study the mass distribution of 121 spirales and irregular galaxies using high quality H$\alpha$ rotation curves and the mid-infrared W1 and W2 (3.4 and 4.6 $\mu$m) of WISE photometry. To construct the mass models, I use the pseudo-isothermal core density profile and the Navarro-Frenk-White cuspy density profile. I allow the mass-to-light ratios of the disc and if necessary the bulge to vary and I keep them fixed by the colour (W1-W2). I also explore the maximum disc for the pseudo-isothermal model. I find that the relations between the dark matter parameters and the luminosity of galaxies depend on the presence of bulge or not in galaxies. In the second part, a similar study is made on 100 galaxies using H$\alpha$ rotation curves and the optical Rc-band photometry. The mass-to light ratios are now fixed by the (B - V) colour. I compared the results obtained with those using W1 photometry and found similar results. However the dispersion in the parameters is smaller, the infrared photometry should be preferred, when possible, to the optical one. In the third part, I determined the mass models of 31 galaxies by combining H$\alpha$ and HI rotation curves
Drevet, Mulard Marie. "Comment les radio jets des trous noirs dans les centres des galaxies impactent la formation des étoiles de leur galaxie hôte ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ5031.
Texto completoRadio-jets from active galactic nuclei have been found to profoundly impact their environment. Simulations have suggested that the passage of radio-jets through the disk of their host galaxies could inject enough turbulent energy to stabilize the gas against star formation. Previous observations have focused on jets hosted by early-type galaxies, showing globally low star formation rate, that could also originate from their spheroidal shape rather than the interactions with the radio jets alone. This work consists of a multi-wavelength analysis on the late-type galaxy 2MASX J23453268-0449256, at redshift 0.0755, free from such mechanisms. This rare, massive (MM*= 4e11 Msun) spiral galaxy, is an ideal candidate to study jet feedback, with its pairs of Mpc scale radio-jets, a kpc-wide molecular gas ring (Mgas = 2e10 Msun) showing signs of jet interactions, and a star formation rate several orders of magnitude lower than expected by the Schmidt-Kennicutt law.To investigate the impact of the jet feedback on the different phases of the molecular gas, we utilise data from ALMA, NOEMA/IRAM and KMOS/VLT with new 12CO(1-0), 12CO(3-2), 13CO(1-0), HCO+(1-0), HCN(1-0), HNC(1-0) and H2 1-0 S(3) observations as well as JVLA and GMRT radio imaging of the radio-jets. Despite being rotation-dominated and not highly excited, the molecular gas shows complex line profiles with multiple components and broad CO line widths along the direction of the radio jet, as well as outflows and a wide central cavity likely produced by the jets. In addition, the galaxy presents enhanced ratios of turbulent to gravitational binding energy and high internal cloud pressure, characteristic of galaxies with strong jet-driven outflows.We have examined the stellar continuum and bright optical line emissions with MUSE/VLT, and constrained the stellar populations and the star formation history down to 1 kpc. The analysis reveals that more than 93 % of the stellar mass formed 10 billion years ago, even within the disk. Optical line emission is mostly excited by shocks and older stellar populations, with the exception of 13 young star-forming regions, younger than 11 million years. A region of comparably high electron and H2 densities, probed respectively by optical line ratios and Radex, a non-LTE radiative transfer package, is avoided by the star forming regions. In these regions, the star formation proceeds at normal efficiencies.The galaxy exhibits faint dense gas tracers, placing it above the dense gas star formation law.The findings suggest that jet feedback can suppress star formation by interfering with the formation of dense molecular cloud cores, leading to enhanced turbulence and reduced star formation rates. The impact of radio jets on the galaxy can persist beyond the active interaction phase, affecting the galaxy's molecular gas properties and star formation over extended periods. Overall, these observations highlight the complex interplay between radio jet activity, molecular gas dynamics, and star formation processes within galaxies, providing insights into how jet feedback can influence the evolution of galaxies and their observable characteristics
Mahler, Guillaume. "Modélisation précise d’amas de galaxies massifs observés par Hubble et MUSE". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1198/document.
Texto completoClusters of galaxies are large and massive structures containing more than 80% of dark matter. In the cluster core, the mass density can reach a critical threshold making the curvature of space-time large enough to bend light path and then allow multiple convergence of images from the same sources to appear on the observer field of view. Thanks to deep photometric coverage of Abell 2744, a lot of multiply-imaged systems were discovered. Nevertheless, finding them remain a challenge and based on the preserved photometric properties by lensing, I developed a robust method to automatically find them. However, measuring the redshifts for each multiple images remains the best way to surely associate them. The deep coverage of the integral field spectrograph MUSE allowed me to identify a large number of sources ( 514 ) among them 83 were multiple images. Thanks to this large spectroscopic coverage, I built one of the most constrained parametric mass model for lensing cluster to date. The sensitivity raised by this model allow me to probe the influence of outskirts substructures ( at 700 kpc distance ), revealing systematic sources of uncertainties related to the mass model parametrisation ( 6% ). Compared to previous studies, I notice a 10% lower mass in the center ( within 100kpc ) showing one of the benefit of large spectroscopic constraints. This benefit, is smaller on the amplification estimation but shows a significant discrepancy between different mass counterparts in the models, up to 2 times the statistical uncertainties
Solovyeva, Lilia. "Etude de la dynamique du plasma chaud (MIA) dans les amas de galaxies à partir des données XMM-Newton et des simulations numériques". Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077166.
Texto completoCluster of galaxies are the largest and youngest objects in the Universe and these objects are very interesting for study the cosmology. In this moment with the capacity of the instruments (XMM-Newton, Chandra) and with numerical simulations it is possible to study the dynamical state of gas in the cluster during their formation. And plus, now, we have the possibility to study the cluster in different wavelengths (optics, radio, X-ray). Our study helps us to understand the physics processes in clusters. In our work we studied the galaxy cluster around the maximum core collapse. We used the X-ray data, how the first indicators of dynamical state of gas. After with the help of numerical simulation and optics data we performed the completed analyse with the proposition of merger scenario possible. We performed the detailed analysis of two clusters (CL0016+16 and A548b), these clusters presents the signature of major merger and also we studied the cluster from numerical simulation (Cluster 6) around the major merger