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Bartik, Warren, Myfanwy Maple, Helen Edwards y Michael Kiernan3. "Adolescent Survivors After Suicide:". Crisis 34, n.º 3 (1 de mayo de 2013): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000185.
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Background: While the research literature exploring suicide bereavement has expanded in recent years, this has been primarily quantitative and has focused more on the bereavement experience of parents and siblings. The bereavement experience of young people affected through the suicide death of a friend remains under-conceptualized and not well understood. Aims: To develop an understanding of the experiences of young people bereaved by the suicide of a friend. Method: Ten young people participated in a pilot study with in-depth interviews to explore their suicide bereavement experiences. Narrative inquiry methodology was utilized to analyze the qualitative data. Results: The findings indicated multiple grief experiences caused by suicide. Four themes reported are meaning making, feeling guilt, risky coping behavior, and relating to friends following suicide loss. Conclusions: Implications include the need for increased awareness that friends of young people who die by suicide may have significant health and well-being challenges associated with bereavement, and that friends in these circumstances may not readily present at services for assistance.
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Wilson, Robert E., Kelci Harris y Simine Vazire. "Personality and Friendship Satisfaction in Daily Life: Do Everyday Social Interactions Account for Individual Differences in Friendship Satisfaction?" European Journal of Personality 29, n.º 2 (marzo de 2015): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.1996.
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Who are the people who maintain satisfying friendships? And, what are the behaviours that might explain why those people achieve high friendship satisfaction? We examined the associations between personality (self–reports and peer–reports) and friendship satisfaction (self–reports) among 434 students. We also examined whether role personality (how people act with their friends) and quantity and quality of social interactions using ecological momentary assessment mediate the associations between personality and friendship satisfaction. Extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and (low) neuroticism were associated with higher levels of friendship satisfaction. These associations could not be accounted for by individual differences in role personality. In addition, our results suggest that quantity of time spent with friends and quality of friend interactions (depth of conversation, self–disclosure and lack of emotion suppression), although associated with friendship satisfaction, do not account for the associations between trait personality and friendship satisfaction. Future research should examine other potential interpersonal processes that explain why some people are more satisfied with their friendships than others and the consequences of friendship satisfaction (e.g. for well–being). Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology
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Sitthisongkram, Somporn, Sattha Prakobchai y Nutthachayada Rajchawang. "Factors Associated With Alcohol Consumption Among Thai People by Gender". Journal of Addictions Nursing 34, n.º 3 (julio de 2023): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jan.0000000000000532.
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Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to examine the factors associated with alcohol consumption among Thai people by gender using the social determinants of health theoretical framework. Method Participants were Thai people aged 15 years or older. A total of 25,758 Thai people were selected through a stratified random sampling method. The study was a secondary analysis of a national cross-sectional study using the data from the Thailand Smoking and Drinking Behavior Survey 2014. Results Thai people were regular drinkers (13.69%). Regarding gender, 26.54% of men and 2.72% of women were regular drinkers. The risk factors for regular drinking among Thai men included family members and close friends consuming alcohol, being aged 25–44 years, living in Northern Thailand, being a skilled or unskilled worker, smoking, and income of 10,001–30,000 Thai baht/month (31 Thai Baht (THB)/U.S. dollars). Protective factors against alcohol consumption were living in Southern Thailand and being unemployed/a student. For women, the risk factors for regular drinking were family members and close friends drinking as well as smoking. Being married, living in a nonmunicipal area, holding a diploma or bachelor's degree, and being unemployed/a student were protective factors against alcohol drinking among women. Factors associated with alcohol consumption among Thai people vary by gender. Therefore, solving the drinking problems should consider both the risk and protective factors for men and women separately.
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Alperovich, Valeria D. "Personality’s Perceptions of Other People in Connection with the “World Image” and the “World Picture”". Humanitarian: actual problems of the humanities and education 20, n.º 3 (30 de noviembre de 2020): 334–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2078-9823.051.020.202003.334-346.
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Introduction. This article presents a study that is devoted to the problem of relationship of a subject’s perceptions of other people and the phenomenon of the “world image” of a personality. This problem is relevant for humanities scholars in different countries of the world in conditions of exacerbation of intercultural and interethnic conflicts. Materials and Methods. An empirical study was carried out with the purpose of a comparative analysis of the features of the “world image” in people who differ in metaphorical perceptions of “friends” and “foes”. The subject of the research was the metaphors of “friend” and “foe”, the basic beliefs of the person and the types of the “world image” presented in narratives. The following methods were applied: metaphor content analysis, testing, narrative analysis, methods of mathematical statistics (quartiles, Kruskal – Wallis H-test, regression analysis). Results. The scientific novelty of the conducted study is the original development of parameters for the analysis of narrative “world images” of the personality. For the first time, interconnections of different types of metaphors of “friends” and “foes” as partners in communication and various parameters of the narrative “world image” of the subject are revealed. It is concluded that the attribution of positive or negative and ambivalent socio-psychological metaphorical characteristics for “friends” and “foes” is associated with a positive or ambivalent “world image” of the “conceptual” or “perceptual” type. Conclusion. The results of the study generally indicate that the subject’s metaphorical ideas about “friends” and “foes” affect the subject’s “world image”.
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Best, Paul, Brian Taylor y Roger Manktelow. "I’ve 500 friends, but who are my mates? Investigating the influence of online friend networks on adolescent wellbeing". Journal of Public Mental Health 14, n.º 3 (21 de septiembre de 2015): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmh-05-2014-0022.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between online friend networks and the mental well-being (MWB) of adolescent males. Design/methodology/approach – The study used a mixed methods approach: first, questionnaire involving a validated MWB scale and questions regarding online friendship to 14-15 year old males (n=521); and second, focus group interviews (n=8) of between six and eight members three months later. Findings – Positive and negative associations were recorded between online friends and well-being. A positive relationship (p < 0.05) was found between the number of online friends and well-being scores. However, higher numbers of online friends were also associated with increases in negative online experiences namely, receiving embarrassing posts online or risky activities such as, chatting frequently with strangers. Online friends may influence perceptions of social support, status and belonging, each of which may contribute positively or negatively to well-being. However, by increasing these perceptions, online friends may cause additional distress when their presence does not provide tangible support during a crisis period. Originality/value – Online friends provide the context to which young males explore and negotiate the online world. To date, little mixed methods research has focused exclusively on the MWB of online friends. Policy makers could do well to consider the growing prominence of online social networking and produce targeted programmes to educate young people on the benefits and pitfalls of building large online “friend” networks.
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Pires, Carolina, Dina Silva, João Maroco, Sandra Ginó, Tiago Mendes, Ben A. Schmand, Manuela Guerreiro y Alexandre de Mendonça. "Memory Complaints Associated with Seeking Clinical Care". International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/725329.
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Diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment relies on the presence of memory complaints. However, memory complaints are very frequent in healthy people. The objective of this study was to determine the severity and type of memory difficulties presented by elderly patients who seek for clinical help, as compared to the memory difficulties reported by subjects in the community. Assessment of subjective memory complaints was done with the subjective memory complaints scale (SMC). The mini-mental state examination was used for general cognitive evaluation and the geriatric depression scale for the assessment of depressive symptoms. Eight-hundred and seventy-one nondemented subjects older than 50 years were included. Participants in the clinical setting had a higher total SMC score (10.3±4.2) than those in the community (5.1±3.0). Item 3 of the SMC,Do you ever forget names of family members or friends?contributed significantly more to the variance of the total SMC score in the clinical sample (18%) as compared to the community sample (11%). Forgetting names of family members or friends plays an important role in subjective memory complaints in the clinical setting. This symptom is possibly perceived as particularly worrisome and likely drives people to seek for clinical help.
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Rodrigues, David L., Aleksandra Huic y Diniz Lopes. "Relationship commitment of Portuguese lesbian and gay individuals: Examining the role of cohabitation and perceived social support". Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 36, n.º 9 (16 de septiembre de 2018): 2738–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407518798051.
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Lesbian and gay (LG) individuals strive to form stable relationships, and most of them are successful in doing so. Because successful relationships have benefits for psychological well-being, it is important to investigate factors that help people in same-sex relationships to achieve stable and committed relationships. The Investment Model (IM) proposes commitment to be predicted by satisfaction, quality of alternatives, and relationship investments. We extend this model by proposing two additional variables—cohabitation and social support. Cohabitation is a particularly important relationship marker for LG individuals, and its role on same-sex relationship commitment may be linked to the perception of greater support from close family and friends. In a cross-sectional study conducted in Portugal ( N = 534, 62.4% gay men and 37.6% lesbian women; Mage = 29.64 years, SD = 8.30), we tested a multigroup structural equation model linking cohabitation to perceived social support from close network members (family and friends) and to relationship commitment, via the IM variables. The results showed that cohabitation was positively associated with perceived social support from both parents and friends. Friend support and its association with satisfaction mediated the association between cohabitation and commitment for both gay men and lesbian women. However, there were differences between LG individuals. Support from parents was positively associated with satisfaction and negatively associated with perceived quality of alternative situations to the relationship, but only for gay men. Support from friends was positively associated with satisfaction for both lesbian women and gay men while also positively associated with relationship investments for gay men. These results are a relevant addition to the literature by showing the importance of cohabitation and social support from parents and friends for same-sex relationship outcomes, possibly acting as buffers against different sorts of negative experiences.
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O'Rourke, Hannah M., Kimberly D. Fraser, Wendy Duggleby y Norah Keating. "The association of perceived conflict with sadness for long-term care residents with moderate and severe dementia". Dementia 17, n.º 7 (15 de junio de 2016): 801–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471301216654336.
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Objectives Research into the lived experiences of long-term care residents with dementia has identified perceived conflict, and its impact on sadness, as priorities for quality of life from the perspectives of people with dementia. However, whether and to what extent perceived conflict and sadness are associated has not been previously tested in this population. This study tested the associations between perceived conflicts with staff, family or friends and co-residents and their experience of sadness, and whether cognitive impairment or functional dependence modified these associations. Methods The study design was cross-sectional, correlational retrospective. Participants were 5001 residents of 613 long-term care facilities in Ontario, Canada with moderate and severe dementia. Clinical administrative data collected from 2012 to 2013 using the Resident Assessment Instrument 2.0 were used to measure the person's perception of conflicts with family/friends, staff, or co-residents, as well as verbal and non-verbal indicators of sadness. Hypotheses were tested using logistic regression, with cluster correction. Results Sadness (adjusting for age, sex, family/friend contact, pain, cognitive impairment, and functional dependence) was positively associated with perceived conflicts with family or friends (OR 1.91; 95% CI 1.26–2.88; p = 0.002) and staff (OR 1.51; 95% CI 1.07–2.13; p = 0.020). These associations did not differ depending on the level of cognitive impairment or functional dependence. The association between co-resident conflict and sadness was statistically significant for people with moderate (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.45–2.82; p < 0.001) but not for those with severe dementia (OR 1.18; 95% CI 0.72–1.91; p = 0.511). Conclusion Long-term care residents with dementia who perceive conflict with others require support to maintain high quality relationships, particularly with family and friends. Future research should rigorously assess the modifiability of perceived conflict for people with moderate and severe dementia, and whether interventions to ameliorate perceived conflict result in decreased sadness and improved quality of life.
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Makhtar, Aniawanis, Nor Nadiya Ab Ghani, Sharifah Munirah Syed Elias y Salizar Mohamed Ludin. "Social support and associated factors among family caregivers of older people in North-East Peninsular Malaysia". Belitung Nursing Journal 9, n.º 1 (12 de febrero de 2023): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33546/bnj.2334.
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Background: The negative health results associated with the family caregivers of older people can be alleviated with social support, which is considered a valuable resource. Hence, the factors contributing to social support need to be understood. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the social support associated with the family caregivers of older people. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 231 family caregivers of older people conveniently selected from two districts in Kelantan, a state in the North-East Region of Peninsular Malaysia. Data were gathered between June to December 2021 using a Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data in frequencies and percentages. Independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used to examine correlations among variables. Results: The mean scores of social support for family caregivers were significantly higher among their family (Mean ± SD; 5.44 ± 0.969) and other important people (5.25 ± 1.123) compared to their friends (4.84 ± 1.094). Caregivers’ gender and duration of caregiving were significant factors associated with social support (p <0.05). Conclusions: The family caregivers received maximum support from their family and other important people, but they were less supported by their friends. This study also observed that the perceived social support of the caregivers of older people was affected by several factors, such as gender and duration of caregiving. This finding gives nurses and other healthcare workers the basic information they need to enhance nursing interventions and promote social support among those who care for older people, which can positively impact caregiving.
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Field, John G. "Was this career shaped by people or by chance?" ICES Journal of Marine Science 78, n.º 10 (18 de noviembre de 2021): 3552–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsab228.
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Abstract This paper discusses the people and events that influenced my career and the lessons I learnt along the way. In this essay I attempt to pass these lessons on to others. Born and growing up in Cape Town, from my earliest recollections at the age of four I have wanted to be associated with fish and the sea. My first mentor was the Professor of Zoology at the University of Cape Town, who gave me the opportunity to go to sea on the University research ship, and later to join the International Indian Ocean Expedition where I met others who influenced me. Then a postdoctoral fellowship in Nova Scotia led me to meet Ken Mann, a SCOR working group, and a series of wonderful colleagues and friends. The contribution of each of these to my development is discussed, along with the lessons learned. The friends I have made on my journey in marine science and my academic family of former students have enriched my life enormously and if I had my life again, I would have it no other way.
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Ko, Nai-Ying, I.-Hsuan Lin, Yu-Te Huang, Mu-Hong Chen, Wei-Hsin Lu y Cheng-Fang Yen. "Associations of Perceived Socially Unfavorable Attitudes toward Homosexuality and Same-Sex Marriage with Suicidal Ideation in Taiwanese People before and after Same-Sex Marriage Referendums". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n.º 3 (7 de febrero de 2020): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17031047.
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This study examined the associations of perceived socially unfavorable attitudes toward homosexuality and same-sex marriage with suicidal ideation in non-heterosexual and heterosexual participants from first (Wave 1, 23 months prior to same-sex marriage referendums) and second (Wave 2, one week after the referendums) wave surveys in Taiwan. Data provided by 3239 participants in Wave 1 and 1337 participants in Wave 2 who were recruited through a Facebook advertisement were analyzed. Participants completed an online questionnaire assessing suicidal ideation and perceived unfavorable attitudes toward homosexuality and same-sex marriage from Taiwanese society, heterosexual friends, and family members. The results indicate that perceived unfavorable attitudes toward homosexuality from Taiwanese society, heterosexual friends, and family members were positively associated with suicidal ideation among non-heterosexual individuals in the first but not the second survey. In addition, among non-heterosexual individuals, such attitudes toward same-sex marriage in family members and in heterosexual friends were positively associated with suicidal ideation in the Wave 1 and Wave 2 surveys, respectively. Perceived unfavorable attitudes toward homosexuality and same-sex marriage in heterosexual friends were associated with suicidal ideation in heterosexual participants with a favorable attitude but not in those individuals with an unfavorable attitude toward homosexuality, in both surveys. Perceived socially unfavorable attitudes toward homosexuality and same-sex marriage were significantly associated with suicidal ideation before and after same-sex marriage referendums; however, the associations varied between non-heterosexual and heterosexual individuals.
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Balint, Bryon y Jennifer Gustafson. "Nobody Knows You're a Dog but Everybody Knows You're a Republican". International Journal of Information Systems and Social Change 6, n.º 4 (octubre de 2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijissc.2015100101.
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Geography often serves as at least a partial determinant of economic and cultural characteristics. For example, individuals who live in affluent neighborhoods are likely to come into contact with other individuals who have similar income and education levels, which often tend to be associated with political views and personal interests. However, within electronic social networks (ESNs), geographical barriers weaken or disappear; interacting with someone from another country is as easy as interacting with someone next door. This survey study asks respondents to compare their close friends, people with whom the respondents interact both within an ESN and face-to-face, with their distal friends, people with whom the respondents interact only inside an ESN. Specifically, respondents are asked about the political, religious, and social views of their groups of friends. The results suggest that respondents do perceive significant differences in the views of their close friends versus their distal friends. In addition, respondents who have a higher percentage of close friends and respondents that are more comfortable sharing their own political, religious, and social views are more likely to spend time reading ESN content that conflicts with their views, but are also more likely to block content that conflicts with their views.
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Baldridge, David, Alison M. Konrad, Mark E. Moore y Yang Yang. "Childhood-onset disability, strong ties and employment quality". Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 36, n.º 4 (15 de mayo de 2017): 290–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-11-2016-0093.
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Purpose Persons with childhood-onset disabilities are among the most marginalized populations, often unemployed or underemployment in jobs providing neither adequate hours for financial self-sufficiency nor fulfillment through skill-utilization. The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which social capital in the form of strong ties with family and friends is associated with enhanced employment outcomes for persons with childhood-onset disabilities. Design/methodology/approach Questioning the current theoretical consensus that strong social ties are unimportant to employment quality, the authors draw on disability research and opportunity, motivation and ability social capital theory to propose a model of the impact of strong ties with family and friends on paid-work-hours and skill-utilization as well as the potential moderating role of gender and disability severity. The authors then test this model using data from 1,380 people with childhood-onset disabilities and OLS regression analysis. Findings As theorized, family-of-origin-size is positively associated with hours worked. Family-of-origin-size is also associated with having more close friends and children. These strong ties, in turn, are positively associated with hours worked. The impact of having more children on hours worked and skill-utilization, however, is positive for men but non-significant for women. Originality/value This study breaks new ground by focusing on the association between strong ties with family and friends and employment quality for people with childhood-onset disabilities – a marginalized and understudied group. Findings further indicate the particular vulnerability of women with disabilities.
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Galambos, Nancy L., Shichen Fang, Rebecca M. Horne, Matthew D. Johnson y Harvey J. Krahn. "Trajectories of perceived support from family, friends, and lovers in the transition to adulthood". Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 35, n.º 10 (5 de julio de 2017): 1418–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407517717360.
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Trajectories of perceived support from family, friends, and lovers were examined in 923 high school seniors surveyed across the transition to adulthood (ages 18, 19, 20, 22, and 25). Growth models revealed a cubic pattern of support from family members, which peaked at age 20, no change in friend support, and a linear decrease in lover support. Women reported higher levels of support than did men for all sources except fathers. Over time, friend and lover support decreased for women but increased for men. Both mother and father support were higher among young people who had left home, and cohabitation/marriage was associated with lower friend support and higher lover support. Support in close social relationships in the early 20s is dynamic; personal characteristics (e.g., gender) and life course transitions such as leaving home and marriage contribute to changing levels of perceived support.
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Hyon, Ryan, Yoosik Youm, Junsol Kim, Jeanyung Chey, Seyul Kwak y Carolyn Parkinson. "Similarity in functional brain connectivity at rest predicts interpersonal closeness in the social network of an entire village". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, n.º 52 (14 de diciembre de 2020): 33149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013606117.
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People often have the intuition that they are similar to their friends, yet evidence for homophily (being friends with similar others) based on self-reported personality is inconsistent. Functional connectomes—patterns of spontaneous synchronization across the brain—are stable within individuals and predict how people tend to think and behave. Thus, they may capture interindividual variability in latent traits that are particularly similar among friends but that might elude self-report. Here, we examined interpersonal similarity in functional connectivity at rest—that is, in the absence of external stimuli—and tested if functional connectome similarity is associated with proximity in a real-world social network. The social network of a remote village was reconstructed; a subset of residents underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging. Similarity in functional connectomes was positively related to social network proximity, particularly in the default mode network. Controlling for similarities in demographic and personality data (the Big Five personality traits) yielded similar results. Thus, functional connectomes may capture latent interpersonal similarities between friends that are not fully captured by commonly used demographic or personality measures. The localization of these results suggests how friends may be particularly similar to one another. Additionally, geographic proximity moderated the relationship between neural similarity and social network proximity, suggesting that such associations are particularly strong among people who live particularly close to one another. These findings suggest that social connectivity is reflected in signatures of brain functional connectivity, consistent with the common intuition that friends share similarities that go beyond, for example, demographic similarities.
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Filinkova, E. B. "Money as a source of psychological problems of wealthy people". Social Psychology and Society 10, n.º 3 (2019): 100–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2019100307.
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The article is devoted to the study of money as a factor affecting personality and interpersonal relations. According to the results of in-depth interviews with 16 very rich people it was demonstrated the personal influence of big money is associated with changes in the understanding of the world and oneself in this world, with the dynamics of value orientations. The money influence on marital relations is multidirectional and depends on the system of value orientations stability and the position of family, labor and money values in it for the spouses. Money has the greatest influence on the relationship of a rich person with friends. This influence is mainly destructive, the dominant reason for the destruction of the old or the emergence of new friendships is distrust. Distrust leads to a lack of emotional communication and makes rich people to maintain even become superficial friendships, on one hand, and strengthens the emotional connection with the spouse, which is to some extent compensation for the lack of friendly interaction, on the other hand.
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Ohta, Ryuichi, Akiko Yata, Yuki Arakawa, Koichi Maiguma y Chiaki Sano. "Rural Social Participation through Osekkai during the COVID-19 Pandemic". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 11 (31 de mayo de 2021): 5924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115924.
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We investigated the effects of enabling Osekkai, the traditional Japanese behavior of creating a helping culture, on social participation among rural people in rebuilding social connections that can be vital during the coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The subjects of this cross-sectional study were people interested in the Osekkai conference (control group) and those actively involved in Osekkai activities (exposure group). The primary outcome of social participation was measured as the frequency of meeting and the number of friends or acquaintances. The demographic data of the participants and process outcomes were measured using a questionnaire provided to all 287 registered participants. The effective response rate was 64.5% (185 responses). The involvement in Osekkai conferences was statistically associated with a high frequency and number of meetings with friends or acquaintances (p < 0.001 and 0.048, respectively). A health check was significantly associated with the number of friends or acquaintances met in the previous month, while high social support was significantly associated with loneliness. Thus, we confirm that Osekkai contributes to high social participation, although we see no relationship with loneliness. Future studies should investigate this cause-and-effect relationship and promote culturally sensitive activities to improve social and health outcomes in rural Japan.
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Noguchi, Taiji, Ippei Nojima, Tomoe Inoue-Hirakawa y Hideshi Sugiura. "The Association between Social Support Sources and Cognitive Function among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A One-Year Prospective Study". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, n.º 21 (31 de octubre de 2019): 4228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214228.
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There is evidence that social relationships may modify cognitive decline in older people. We examined the prospective association between social support and cognitive function among community-dwelling older people. Japanese adults recruited at health checkups in suburban towns were surveyed at baseline and one-year follow-up. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Japanese version (MoCA-J). Social support from coresiding family, non-coresiding family, and neighbors/friends was assessed using self-administered questionnaires. Multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the effects of social support on MoCA-J scores at follow-up. Data were analyzed from 121 older people (mean age (standard deviation): 73.86 (4.95) years). There was a positive association between social support exchanges with neighbors and friends and MoCA-J scores at follow-up after covariate adjustment (unstandardized β = 1.23, p = 0.006). Social support exchanges with coresiding family and non-coresiding family and relatives were not associated with MoCA-J scores at follow-up (coresiding family: Unstandardized β = 0.28, p = 0.813, non-coresiding family and relatives: Unstandardized β = 0.51, p = 0.238). The provision of emotional support to neighbors and friends had the largest effect on MoCA-J scores. Our findings suggest that social support exchanges with neighbors and friends are protective against cognitive decline.
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Lowit, Anja, Julie Greenfield, Emily Cutting, Ruby Wallis y Marios Hadjivassiliou. "Symptom burden of people with progressive ataxia, and its wider impact on their friends and relatives: a cross-sectional study". AMRC Open Research 3 (30 de noviembre de 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/amrcopenres.13036.1.
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Background: Progressive ataxias are complex disorders that result in a wide variety of symptoms. Whilst we currently have a relatively good understanding of the symptom patterns associated with the various types of ataxia, and how these diseases progress over time, their impact on the person with ataxia is less well understood. In addition, little is known about how carers, friends and families are affected by them. This paper aims to provide preliminary information on the presence and impact of medical symptoms and day-to-day challenges on people with ataxia and their friends and relatives. Method: Data were extracted from a survey by Ataxia UK for their members. The views of 366 people with ataxia and 52 friends and relatives are reported. Data were analysed for the entire groups, as well as for the three most common ataxia types represented in the sample, Friedreich’s ataxia, inherited ataxia (excluding Friedreich’s ataxia), and cerebellar ataxia of unknown cause. Results: The survey confirmed the symptom patterns described in previous research, but further showed that the impact of these symptoms can vary across ataxia populations. Similar findings were observed for day-to-day challenges. Friends and relatives experienced similar challenges to people with ataxia, indicating that support provided has to consider those supporting people with ataxia as well as the patient. Respondents also highlighted limitations in terms of accessing support services, and not all services were able to cater fully to their specific needs. Conclusion: This study begins to provide information that can be used in further research to explore the needs of people with ataxia and their carers, friends, and relatives. Such research will support treatment trial design, ensuring patients’ needs are considered, help to tailor support services to their needs, and ensure health care professionals have the necessary skills to fully address them.
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Lowit, Anja, Julie Greenfield, Emily Cutting, Ruby Wallis y Marios Hadjivassiliou. "Symptom burden of people with progressive ataxia, and its wider impact on their friends and relatives: a cross-sectional study". Health Open Research 3 (2 de febrero de 2023): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/amrcopenres.13036.2.
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Background: Progressive ataxias are complex disorders that result in a wide variety of symptoms. Whilst we currently have a relatively good understanding of the spectrum of symptoms associated with the various types of ataxia, and their progression over time, their impact on the person with ataxia is less well understood. In addition, little is known about how carers, friends and relatives are affected by them. This paper aims to provide information on the presence and impact of medical symptoms and day-to-day challenges on people with ataxia and their friends and relatives. Method: Data were extracted from a survey by Ataxia UK done for their members. The views of 366 people with ataxia and 52 friends and relatives are reported. Data were analysed for the entire group, as well as for the three most common ataxia types represented in the sample, Friedreich’s ataxia, inherited ataxia (excluding Friedreich’s ataxia), and cerebellar ataxia of unknown cause. Results: The survey confirmed the symptom patterns described in previous research, but further showed that the impact of these symptoms can vary across ataxia populations. Similar findings were observed for day-to-day challenges. Friends and relatives experienced similar challenges to people with ataxia, indicating that support provided has to consider those supporting people with ataxia as well as the patient. Respondents also highlighted limitations in terms of accessing support services, and not all services were able to cater fully to their specific needs. Conclusion: This study begins to provide information that can be used in further research to explore the needs of people with ataxia and their carers, friends, and relatives. Such research will support treatment trial design, ensuring patients’ needs are considered, help to tailor support services to their needs, and ensure health care professionals have the necessary skills to fully address them.
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Syapiila, Paul, David Mulenga, Mazyanga Mazaba, Erick Njunju, Cosmas Zyambo, Gershom Chongwe y Seter Siziya. "Factors associated with intention to smoke cigarettes among never smoker school going adolescents in Zambia". African Health Sciences 23, n.º 1 (11 de abril de 2023): 596–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i1.63.
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Background: Cigarette smoking intention is a strong predictor of cigarette smoking initiation. There is limited data on predictors of cigarette smoking intentions among adolescents in developing countries.
Objective: To determine factors associated with cigarettes smoking intentions among never-smoked adolescents.
Methods: The study utilized the Zambia 2011 Global Youth Tobacco Survey dataset on adolescents.
Results: Being in grade nine compared to grade seven (AOR 0.43, 95%CI 0.23-0.82). Having a smoking father (AOR 2.38, 95%CI 1.25-453) mother (AOR 11.77, 95%CI 4.16-33.33), or both parents (AOR 7.05, 95%CI 2.91-17.10) showed significantly higher chance of having smoking intentions than having non-smoker parents. Also, having some (AOR 1.97, 95%CI 1.12-3.47), most (AOR 5.37, 95%CI 2.82-10.25), or all (AOR 3.75, 95%CI 1.64-8.56) smoker close friend was significantly associated with smoking intention compared to having none-smoker friends. Being around others who smoked in out-door places 1-2 days(AOR 2.16, 95%CI 1.19-3.93), 5-6 days (AOR 3.21, 95%CI 1.51-6.83) and 7 days/week (AOR 2.73, 95%CI 1.41-5.30) were also associated with one’s intention to smoke cigarettes compared to not being around smokers in outdoor public places 7 days/week.
Conclusion: Having smoking parents, smoking friends or around people who smoke in public places were associated with cigarette smoking intentions among adolescents.
Keywords: Intention; smoke; cigarettes.
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Zartaloudi, Afroditi. "529 - Suicide in elderly people". International Psychogeriatrics 33, S1 (octubre de 2021): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610221002246.
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Background:Suicide is a tragic and distressing phenomenon. The problem of suicide in late life is often neglected by medical professionals, policy makers and the general public. Suicidal behavior in older adults (65 years old and over) is a major public health issue in many countries. Suicide rates are highest among the elderly.Objective:To investigate the main factors associated with suicidal ideation, attempts and completed suicide among the elderly.Method:A literature review was carried out in PubMed and Scopus database.Results:Depression is the most relevant cause found, combined with chronic physical suffering, loss, bereavement, abandonment, loneliness, family conflicts and social exclusion. Differences in gender, ethnicity, the ageing process, social issues and cultural backgrounds are also major contributing factors. The major causal factors for attempted suicide are degenerative and chronic diseases, physical dependence and disability, physical and psychological pain, mental and neurocognitive disturbances and suffering. The issue of suicide prevention in the elderly is also addressed.Conclusions:The negative effects on families, friends and communities following a suicide reinforce the urgency for a better understanding and prevention of suicide. Suicide associated with depression in the elderly can be prevented, provided the person is properly treated. Innovative strategies should improve resilience and positive aging, engage family and community support networks, reach vulnerable older adults, and promote health professionals’ knowledge on elderly suicide.
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Pasanen, Tytti P., Nina Tamminen, Tuija Martelin y Pia Solin. "Positive Mental Health of Finnish People Living Alone: The Role of Circumstantial Factors and Leisure-Time Activities". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 13 (23 de junio de 2021): 6735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136735.
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Living alone has become more common across Europe. Past research has consistently identified living alone as a risk factor for poor mental health while evidence on the positive dimension(s) of mental health has been scarce. Positive mental health has been associated with rather stable circumstantial factors, such as socio-economic characteristics and social relationships, and day-to-day activities in the form of leisure participation, in general populations. In this study, our objective was to assess these relationships among people living alone. We specified a structural equation model in a random sample of Finnish people living alone (n = 884), with the circumstantial factors as (exogenous) explanatory variables, participation in various leisure activities as mediators, and positive mental health as the outcome. In the model, more frequent engagement in several leisure-time activities, including being in contact with family/friends and physical activity in nature, were positively associated with positive mental health. The circumstantial factors that most strongly explained both leisure participation and positive mental health were the number of friends, being in a relationship, and having no limiting illnesses. In conclusion, among Finnish people living alone, social and functional factors appear to be more strongly associated with leisure participation and positive mental health than socio-economic factors.
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Allnock, Debra Sue. "Child maltreatment: how can friends contribute to safety?" Safer Communities 14, n.º 1 (12 de enero de 2015): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-02-2015-0005.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the findings of a study of support received by 60 young adults who experienced sexual, physical or emotional abuse and neglect in childhood. It is focussed on the support provided by friends in particular, and draws out relevant learning for child sexual exploitation (CSE). Design/methodology/approach – In all, 60 young people completed a questionnaire, complemented by a two hour follow-up interview to explore experiences of formal and informal support in disclosing abuse. In total, 13 young people were recruited on the basis of their prior participation in a larger, associated study of child abuse and neglect, with the remainder recruited via open invitation. Findings – There is rich information in the interviews about the ways that friends provided support to participants. Friends provided practical, moral and emotional support. They intervened to keep their friends safe. They offered emotional “escape” and a conduit to adults who could help keep them safe. Importantly, friends recognised that participants were in distress even when they did not know the participants were being abused. Practical implications – The results highlight that friends have a crucial role to play in helping children to keep safe and to feel safe, provided that they are equipped with information and knowledge of how to respond and where to seek help. Originality/value – The paper is original in considering the role of friends within a community safety framework. In addition, the study sample is larger than other studies of its kind, and considers a wider variety of child maltreatment experiences than previous studies, making clear links to CSE.
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Zhao, Lanlan, Xin Zheng, Kai Ji, Zhengsheng Wang, Lingzhi Sang, Xuefei Chen, Ling Tang, Ying Zhu, Zhongliang Bai y Ren Chen. "The Relationship between Social Support and Anxiety among Rural Older People in Elderly Caring Social Organizations: A Cross-Sectional Study". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n.º 18 (10 de septiembre de 2022): 11411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811411.
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Background: Social support and anxiety have a major impact on later life quality in rural, older people in elderly caring social organizations (SOs). This study aimed to explore the relationship between social support and anxiety and their relevant influential factors among rural older people in elderly caring SOs in Anhui Province, China. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted through a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method. Independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis H test, and a generalized linear model were employed. Results: A significantly negative association between friends’ support and anxiety were found among rural older people in elderly caring SOs. Statistically significant relationships were found between social support and gender, marital status, education level, whether visited by relatives, and institutional satisfaction. Similarly, anxiety was associated with gender, institutional satisfaction, comorbid chronic diseases, and friends’ support. Conclusions: Social support from friends plays an important role in preventing and regulating anxiety among rural older people, especially those from elderly caring SOs. To reduce the occurrence and level of anxiety among rural elderly in elderly caring SOs, an effort should be given to strengthening social support, improving institutional satisfaction, and emphasizing comorbid chronic diseases.
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Järvinen, Margaretha y Jeanette Østergaard. "Dangers and pleasures: Drug attitudes and experiences among young people". Acta Sociologica 54, n.º 4 (29 de noviembre de 2011): 333–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001699311422018.
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This is a study of young people’s conceptions of illegal drug use as dangerous and/or pleasurable and an analysis of the relationship between attitudes to drugs, drinking, friends’ reported drug use and own experience with drug use and drinking. The article applies a mixed methods approach using both survey data and focus group interviews. The main statistical method is Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), which constructs a social space of young people’s attitudes to drugs and drug experiences relationally. We identify four interrelated positions on illegal drug use among 17 to 19-year-old Danes: the anti-drug position, usually held by youths who do not use illegal drugs and do not have drug-using friends; the ambivalent position, occupied by non-users who report that they have drug-using friends; the transitory position, held by cannabis users, some of whom express positive attitudes to ‘hard’ illegal drugs; and, finally, the pro-drug position, characteristic of drug users with low risk perceptions and high pleasure-orientation. We use the focus group interviews to demonstrate how youths occupying these differing positions argue for and against drugs and which risks and pleasures they associate with drug use.
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Kotian, Devaki B., Maria Mathews, Shradha S. Parsekar, Suma Nair, V. S. Binu y Sonu Hangma Subba. "Factors Associated With Social Isolation Among the Older People in India". Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 31, n.º 5 (27 de agosto de 2018): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891988718796338.
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Objective: To explore the factors associated with social isolation among older people using the data from Building Knowledge Base on Population Ageing in India (BKPAI) survey. Methods: Multiple logistic regression and classification and regression tree (CART) analysis were used to identify the factors associated with social isolation using data from BKPAI survey. An individual was regarded as socially isolated if the response was “never” to all 4 activities in the last 12 months: (1) attending public meeting, (2) attending any group/club/organizational meeting, (3) attending any religious program, and (4) visiting friends or relatives. Results: Among 9836 older people, 19.7% were observed to be socially isolated. From multiple logistic regression, age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.85 for age 80 to 89 years and OR = 2.67 for age ≥90), religion (OR = 0.54 for Christians compared to Hindus), duration of stay in current home (OR = 0.64 for 6-10 years compared to >10 years of stay), number of activities of daily living (ADLs) for which the assistance was needed (OR = 2.09 for 1 or 2, OR = 3.14 for 3 or 4, and OR = 12.05 for 5 or 6), and Alzheimer's disease (OR = 1.65) were identified as factors associated with social isolation. Number of ADL for which the assistance was needed and self-reported health status were the factors identified through CART analysis. Discussion: Requiring help in performing ADL, advancing age, and Alzheimer's disease were the likely factors for socially isolation among elderly patients in this surveyed population.
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Wallach, Isabelle, Xuân Ducandas, Michel Martel y Réjean Thomas. "Vivre à l’intersection du VIH et du vieillissement : quelles répercussions sur les liens sociaux significatifs?" Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 35, n.º 1 (marzo de 2016): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980815000525.
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ABSTRACTThis research examines obstacles faced by older people living with HIV in maintaining their significant social ties (family, friends) in the light of a double theoretical framework, inter-sectionality and the course of life. Favoring a qualitative methodology, this research is based on in-depth, semi-directed interviews with a diverse sample of 38 people living with HIV, aged 50-73 years. Analysis reveals that a significant proportion of participants have experienced ruptures or deterioration of close ties with intimates at the level of family or friends. The principal factors behind these difficulties are the past and present stigma associated with HIV and /or other social positions, long-term effects of HIV, issues related to aging and crosscutting effects of HIV and aging.
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Ngor, Chamnab, Heng Sopheab, Sovatha Mam, Pamina Gorbach y Chhorvann Chhea. "Factors Associated With Sexual Risk Behaviors Among People Who Use Drugs in Communities in Cambodia". Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 31, n.º 4 (mayo de 2019): 335–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539519848280.
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In Cambodia, HIV prevalence at 4% remains high among people who use drugs (PWUD). Complex and overlapping risk behaviors may enhance sexual transmission risk beyond PWUD. This study, therefore, aims to assess the factors associated with sexual risk behaviors among PWUD. Respondent Driven Sampling was used to recruit 1626 PWUD. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with transmission risk including that high mental disorder scores were a strong predictor of sexual risk behaviors (odds ratio [OR] ranged from 1.9 to 2.8). Factors associated with sexual risk behaviors varied by gender: for men, these included geographical regions, non-married status, and heroin use; and for women, factors were age ≤20 years (OR = 5.4), living with friends (OR = 6.4), living in Central coastal region (OR = 6.1), and heroin use (OR = 4.8).
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Rieffe, Carolien, Els Blijd-Hoogewys, Jill Hoogerwerf y Robert Vermeiren. "Vrienden als je autisme hebt; lust of last?" Wetenschappelijk Tijdschrift Autisme 21, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2022): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36254/wta.2022.3.04.
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Friends are a necessity. With your friend, you can visit places, discuss your inner feelings, and they provide feelings of safety and belonging. Yet, does this apply to everyone? Friendships can also have downsides, characterized by pressure to join in, jealousy or dominance. In this article we discuss that autistic young people also need friendships and want to belong, but due to different expectations back and forth, this can be more difficult than for non-autistic young people. Outcomes of our study are also discussed, showing that for young people with and without autism, positive friendships are associated with fewer symptoms of depression, but also with more symptoms of anxiety in autistic girls. The pressure to camouflage their autism may play a role here. Autism as a form of diversity, as is also profiled during the World Autism Acceptance Week in April, can also have added value and give more depth to a friendship.
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Davidson, Eliza J., Mary E. Dozier, Tina L. Mayes, Kylie A. Baer y Catherine R. Ayers. "Family and social functioning in adults with hoarding disorder". Children Australia 45, n.º 3 (15 de junio de 2020): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2020.20.
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Abstract Hoarding is associated with problems engaging in social activities, lower social support, increased isolation and poses substantial challenges to family functioning. The aim of this investigation was to explore the relationship between hoarding severity and family and social functioning variables in 60 treatment-seeking adults with hoarding disorder (HD). Participants completed a battery of self-report measures during a baseline assessment completed prior to treatment. Forty-seven percent of participants reported they live alone. Forty-eight percent of participants reported that family and friends never visit them in their home, and 33% indicated they never had visitors to their home, not even service workers or repair people. Twelve percent of participants indicated they never visit with family or friends outside of their home; however, 55% of participants endorsed phoning family or friends more than 9 times each month. Increased clutter and hoarding severity was associated with a lower frequency of family and friends visiting in the home. Family competence and conflict were both positively associated with hoarding severity. Our results shed light on family and social impairment in HD and their relationship with symptom severity; however, additional research should examine social dysfunction among non-treatment-seeking individuals who may be more impaired or isolated.
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Imai, Yurika, Masato Nagai, Tetsuya Ohira, Kokoro Shirai, Naoki Kondo y Katsunori Kondo. "Impact of social relationships on income–laughter relationships among older people: the JAGES cross-sectional study". BMJ Open 8, n.º 7 (julio de 2018): e019104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019104.
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ObjectivesLaughter has a positive and quantifiable effect on certain aspects of health, and previous studies have suggested that income influences the emotion. However, it is unknown whether social relationship-related factors modify the association between equivalised income and laughter among older people. In the present study, we examined the relationship between equivalised income and the frequency of laughter. In addition, we examined the impact of social relationship-related factors on the association between equivalised income and frequency of laughter using a cross-sectional study design.DesignCross-sectional study and binomial regression analysis.SettingWe sampled from 30 municipalities in Japan.ParticipantsWe examined 20 752 non-disabled Japanese individuals aged ≥65 years using data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study.Primary outcomeFrequency of laughter.ResultsLaughter increased significantly with an increase in equivalent income (p for trend <0.0001). Prevalence ratios (PR) for laughing almost every day were calculated according to quartile equivalised income after adjusting for age, instrumental activities of daily living, depression, frequency of meeting friends, number of social groups and family structure. The results revealed that PRs in Q4 (men; ≥€24 420, women; ≥€21 154) were 1.21 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.30) among men and 1.14 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.20) among women, as compared with Q1 (men; <€12 041, women; <€9518), respectively. After excluding participants with depression, the association remained significant. In addition, we found inadequate social relationships and living alone were associated with a lower frequency of laughter. In comparison with the lowest equivalent income with meeting friends less frequently and living alone, the PRs of the highest equivalent income with meeting friends frequently and living with someone were higher, respectively.ConclusionsThe results revealed a significant relationship between equivalent income and the frequency of laughter. Social relationships and family structure were also associated with the frequency of laughter.
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Kirksey, Eben, Paul Munro, Thom van Dooren, Dan Emery, Anne Maree Kreller, Jeffrey Kwok, Ken Lau et al. "Feeding the flock: Wild cockatoos and their Facebook friends". Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 1, n.º 4 (12 de septiembre de 2018): 602–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848618799294.
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Wildlife is persisting in urban areas of Australia even though white settler colonialism has resulted in the large-scale destruction of forested landscapes. While many bird species are in decline, the Sulphur-crested Cockatoo has found emergent opportunities for flourishing within the built environment. Cockatoos are actively generating relationally constituted spaces, drawing humans into urban ecosystems that are ‘more-than-human’ places, abundant and lively multispecies communities. Beginning in 2011, yellow tags attached to the wings of cockatoos, along with a smart-phone app and a Facebook page, have enabled scientists to collect data about these birds’ movements. These tracking technologies were quickly co-opted by an emergent public for their own purposes, including speculating about the personalities, relationships, intentions, and desires of individual birds. Interspecies friendships formed between humans and birds – involving shared understandings, emotional resonances, ongoing social exchanges, and utilitarian arrangements. We used the wingtags and the associated digital infrastructure as an opportunity to experiment with new modes of collaborative research and teaching in multispecies ethnography. Bringing together a flock of academics and students, we explored emergent social spaces involving people and birds. While many participants who fed the birds worried that they would become tame, we found multispecies flocks were fleeting associations where wild and unruly behaviours redoubled as people offered up food. We found that wildness emerged in intimate encounters with other species, encounters that were often characterised by shared but unequal vulnerabilities. Some cockatoos have been killed, after conflicts over property damage led authorities to identify them as nuisance animals. Against the backdrop of asymmetrical risks, we studied flocks of birds as models of, and models for, fleeting forms of association and collaboration. In these spaces, feelings of interspecies attraction quickly alternated with agitated and uncomfortable experiences. Amid animated encounters, people explored the ethics of inclusivity and conviviality.
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Geiger, Ashley M., Clemens Kirschbaum y Jutta M. Wolf. "Comparison group matters for chronic stress effects of subjective social status". Journal of Health Psychology 24, n.º 14 (14 de mayo de 2017): 1923–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105317709511.
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Inconsistent associations between health and measures of subjective social status compared to one’s community suggest that how people define community may matter. This study broke down community into status among neighborhood and friends/family to assess the impact of each domain on chronic stress in individuals differing in socioeconomic status (18 employed and 18 unemployed individuals). The findings suggest that for ratings of subjective social status, the social and physical proximity of the reference group matters. Specifically, neighborhood status was affected by unemployment, while friends/family status was associated with perceived stress, emphasizing the importance of the comparison group in assessing subjective status.
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Lozano, Paula, Edna Arillo-Santillán, Inti Barrientos-Gutíerrez, Luz Myriam Reynales Shigematsu y James F. Thrasher. "E-Cigarette Social Norms and Risk Perceptions Among Susceptible Adolescents in a Country That Bans E-Cigarettes". Health Education & Behavior 46, n.º 2 (4 de enero de 2019): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198118818239.
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Background. This study examined how risk perceptions and social norms around e-cigarettes are associated with susceptibility (i.e., openness to using the product in the next 12 months) of e-cigarettes and smoking among adolescents. Methods. We analyzed data from a 2016 representative survey of 8,718 middle school students in Mexico. The study sample was restricted to students who had tried neither e-cigarettes nor cigarettes, ( N = 4471). Students reported on the risks of e-cigarettes compared with those of cigarettes, and product-specific norms were measured by assessing current use by family members, at least one close friend, and, for e-cigarettes, by perceived societal acceptability of use (i.e., acceptability among people in general). Adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) were estimated using generalized estimating equation models that regressed e-cigarette societal acceptability on study variables. Adjusted generalized estimating equation models also regressed susceptibility for each product on study variables. Results. Susceptibility to both e-cigarettes and smoking was higher among students who reported that their family and friends used only cigarettes or both products when compared with students whose family and friends did not use either of these products. Friend use of e-cigarettes was associated with e-cigarette susceptibility (APR = 1.33) but not smoking susceptibility. Students who perceived that e-cigarettes were less risky than smoking were more susceptible to e-cigarette use (APR = 1.45). The association between e-cigarette susceptibility and friend or family use was not mediated by societal acceptability. Conclusions. E-cigarette use among family and peers appears associated with susceptibility to use e-cigarettes in a way that is similar to the patterns found for cigarettes. However, the influences appear somewhat specific to the type of product that network members use.
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Sprecher, Susan. "Beliefs about finding a compatible partner in three settings". Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships 13, n.º 2 (6 de enero de 2020): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ijpr.v13i2.346.
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Single adults often exert considerable energy searching for a compatible partner. Until recently, people met partners primarily through everyday activities (work, school) and through friends. These ways of meeting partners are still common, although Internet dating sites have also become a main way for couples to meet. The current study was conducted to examine people’s attitudes about finding a compatible partner in three different settings: online dating, the social network (e.g., friends of friends), and everyday activities. A sample of 702 single (unpartnered) adults (ages 18 to 40) completed a survey that included items that measured their attitudes about finding a compatible partner in the three different ways. Participants believed they would be less likely to find a compatible partner through online dating than either through friends or in everyday activities. Age and shyness were negatively associated with optimism of finding a partner, particularly in the traditional settings of everyday activities and through one’s social network.
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Sprecher, Susan. "Beliefs about finding a compatible partner in three settings". Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships 13, n.º 2 (6 de enero de 2020): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ijpr.v13i2.3609.
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Single adults often exert considerable energy searching for a compatible partner. Until recently, people met partners primarily through everyday activities (work, school) and through friends. These ways of meeting partners are still common, although Internet dating sites have also become a main way for couples to meet. The current study was conducted to examine people’s attitudes about finding a compatible partner in three different settings: online dating, the social network (e.g., friends of friends), and everyday activities. A sample of 702 single (unpartnered) adults (ages 18 to 40) completed a survey that included items that measured their attitudes about finding a compatible partner in the three different ways. Participants believed they would be less likely to find a compatible partner through online dating than either through friends or in everyday activities. Age and shyness were negatively associated with optimism of finding a partner, particularly in the traditional settings of everyday activities and through one’s social network.
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Reavley, N. J., A. J. Morgan y A. F. Jorm. "Disclosure of mental health problems: findings from an Australian national survey". Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 27, n.º 4 (11 de enero de 2017): 346–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s204579601600113x.
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Aims.The aim of the current study was to carry out a national population-based survey to assess the proportion of people disclosing mental health problems in a variety of settings. A further aim was to explore respondent characteristics associated with disclosure.Methods.In 2014, telephone interviews were carried out with 5220 Australians aged 18+, 1381 of whom reported a mental health problem or scored highly on a symptom screening questionnaire. Questions covered disclosure of mental health problems to friends, intimate partners, other family members, supervisors or other colleagues in the workplace, teachers, lecturers or other students in the educational institution, health professionals and others in the community. Other than for intimate partners or supervisors, participants were asked whether or not they told everybody, some people or no one. Multinomial logistic regression was used to model the correlates of disclosure in each setting.Results.For friends and family, respondents were more likely to disclose to some people than to everyone or to no one. In most other domains, non-disclosure was most common, including in the workplace, where non-disclosure to supervisors was more likely than disclosure. Disclosure was associated with having received treatment or with support in all settings except healthcare, while it was only associated with discrimination in two settings (healthcare and education).Conclusions.Disclosure of mental health problems does not appear to be linked to discrimination in most settings, and is typically associated with receiving support. Selective or non-disclosure may be particularly critical in workplaces, education and healthcare settings.
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Broom, Timothy W., Robert S. Chavez y Dylan D. Wagner. "Becoming the King in the North: identification with fictional characters is associated with greater self–other neural overlap". Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 16, n.º 6 (18 de febrero de 2021): 541–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsab021.
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Abstract During narrative experiences, identification with a fictional character can alter one’s attitudes and self-beliefs to be more similar to those of the character. The ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC) is a brain region that shows increased activity when introspecting about the self but also when thinking of close friends. Here, we test whether identification with fictional characters is associated with increased neural overlap between self and fictional others. Nineteen fans of the HBO series Game of Thrones performed trait evaluations for the self, 9 real-world friends and 9 fictional characters during functional neuroimaging. Overall, the participants showed a larger response in the vMPFC for self compared to friends and fictional others. However, among the participants higher in trait identification, we observed a greater neural overlap in the vMPFC between self and fictional characters. Moreover, the magnitude of this association was greater for the character that participants reported feeling closest to/liked the most as compared to those they felt least close to/liked the least. These results suggest that identification with fictional characters leads people to incorporate these characters into their self-concept: the greater the immersion into experiences of ‘becoming’ characters, the more accessing knowledge about characters resembles accessing knowledge about the self.
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Silagi, Marcela Lima, Aline Rufo Peres, Eliane Schochat y Leticia Lessa Mansur. "Communication map of elderly people: Sociodemographic and cognitive-linguistic aspects". Dementia & Neuropsychologia 7, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2013): 380–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642013dn74000005.
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ABSTRACT Language and communication difficulties may occur in the elderly population. This is the case of the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon and receptive and auditory comprehension difficulties. Few studies have focused on examining the effects of social exposure on maintaining communication in the aging process. Objectives: [1] To describe the communication map of healthy elderly subjects; [2] To search for associations between frequency and time dedicated to communication and cognitive and sociodemographic factors. Methods: Healthy elderly subjects were submitted to cognitive screening, the Token Test - Revised, and the Verbal Fluency test, and answered the ASHA-FACS and the Circles of Communication Partners questionnaires. Results: 55 subjects, 67% female, with ages over 60 years and varied schooling were included in the sample. Interlocutors in the circle of close friends and acquaintances predominated in the communication map, although the time devoted to communication with these partners was lower than in other circles. Overall, the elderly reported no deficits in language comprehension, with some reports of the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon. Poor performances on the Token Test - Revised and in phonemic verbal fluency along with reports of communication functionality indicated that these subjects compensate for their problems. Conclusion: Older subjects with lower schooling tended to predominantly communicate within the family circle. Within other circles, the number of hours devoted to communication and dialogue partners was not associated with age or schooling. The time devoted to the circle of communication with friends may indicate cognitive difficulties.
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Forsell, Yvonne y A. Scott Henderson. "Epidemiology of paranoid symptoms in an elderly population". British Journal of Psychiatry 172, n.º 5 (mayo de 1998): 429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.172.5.429.
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BackgroundElderly people with paranoid symptoms are a taxing group for medical and social services, but studies of the prevalence of these symptoms in the general elderly population are rare. This study aimed to estimate the community prevalence and to identify some associated variables.MethodA community sample of 1420 elderly people, was extensively examined by nurses and physicians.ResultsParanoid ideation was found in 6.3% of the sample. The prevalence in people with cognitive dysfunction (n=381, 12.1%) was higher than in those without (n=1039, 2.6%). Once cognitive impairment had been controlled the associated variables were: being divorced, being female, having depressive symptoms, using psychotropic drugs, having no friends or visitors, using community care and being an immigrant.ConclusionParanoid symptoms in this elderly population were associated most strongly with cognitive impairment. Other associated variables pointed to a higher level of social isolation than others in the community.
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Birditt, Kira, Angela Turkelson, Emily Noyer, Jane Stephenson, Karen Fingerman y Michael McKee. "CAN YOU HEAR ME? IMPLICATIONS OF HEARING LOSS FOR SOCIAL TIES AMONG OLDER ADULTS". Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (1 de diciembre de 2023): 997–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.3206.
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Abstract Hearing loss is a leading source of disability among older adults; over 65% of those aged 71 and older have hearing loss. Hearing loss may be associated with reduced relationship quality due to greater communication challenges, conflict, and avoidance of social interactions. This study examined links between hearing loss and social ties among older people. Participants included 11,161 respondents from the 2016 and 2018 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (ages 50+) who completed a hearing test and reported on their social ties (contact, quality), social activities (e.g., charity work), and loneliness. Multilevel models controlling for age, gender, and education revealed that having hearing loss was associated with having lower positive quality and higher negative quality relationships with spouse and friends, higher negative relationship quality with children, having fewer close friends, meeting up less with friends, greater loneliness, doing less charity work, and less attendance at social and community events. Older age was associated with more detrimental outcomes. Older aged individuals with hearing loss met up with friends less often, talked on the phone less with friends, did fewer activities with grandchildren/extended children and neighborhood children, did less charity work, and attended fewer social events compared to younger individuals with hearing loss. Overall, older adults with hearing loss are at high risk for relationship problems and social isolation; especially as they grow older. Hearing loss and social ties are important targets for future interventions for older adults with hearing loss as they may be particularly vulnerable.
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Lyon, Grace, Clare M. McCann, Suzanne C. Purdy y Celia Moore. "“It’s improved the whole lifestyle”: Exploring the family perspective of participation in a Gavel Club for people with aphasia". Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders 7, n.º 2 (31 de agosto de 2022): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21849/cacd.2021.00451.
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Purpose: Aphasia impacts not just the individual with aphasia, but also their family members and friends. Known as third-party disability, it is largely hidden but can be as pervasive as aphasia itself. Gavel Clubs are a Toastmasters International-affiliated group where members participate in public-speaking tasks. Participation has been associated with improvements in quality-of-life and communication confidence but the extent to which it can impact family members of people with aphasia is not yet known. This study explored family member perspectives of participation in a Gavel Club for people with aphasia, to reveal any benefits or challenges perceived by family members and/or close friends.Methods: Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 13 family members or close friends of people with aphasia who regularly participated in a weekly Gavel Club. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis.Results: Three themes were identified: (1) Something to do, (2) Sense of community and (3) I can see great improvements, along with two subthemes (i) This is not just us and (ii) Support of knowing other people go through it. The themes reflected a largely positive experience of Gavel Club participation as perceived by family members. The theme names were derived from quotes from the participants.Conclusions: Regular participation in a Gavel Club for people with aphasia has a positive impact beyond just the person with aphasia, extending to their family members and close friends. This impact can be direct, if the family members themselves participate, or indirect, through the perceived benefits for the person with aphasia.
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DeSouza, Lisette M., Linda Charmaraman, Emily Vargas y Georgia S. Hall. "Social Media Friends From Afterschool are Associated With Positive Youth Development in Digital Settings". Journal of Youth Development 17, n.º 2 (15 de junio de 2022): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2022.1173.
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Positive youth development has been extensively documented in contexts such as the family, school, and afterschool. Emerging theory and research indicate that digital contexts such as social media may also be venues through which young people develop skills and attributes associated with the 5 Cs model of positive youth development and thriving. This research attempted to understand if and how middle school youth’s in-person and online networks connect, and if they do connect, do these connections relate to engaging in beliefs and behaviors associated with PYD. Results suggest that in this sample, middle school youth include peers from afterschool in their online networks, and those who have friends from afterschool and school engaged in PYD- related social media behaviors at higher rates than those who were not connected to in-person networks. No association was found between the amount of time spent in after-school contexts and any of the positive or problematic social media outcomes in this study. Implications for youth development professionals considering the influence of social media on youth, and next steps for research on after-school activities and social media use of middle school youth are discussed.
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Turenko, Vitalii. "PECULIARITIES OF THE SEMANTICS OF “FRIEND” AND “ENEMY”IN ARCHAIC LYRICS: A GENERAL DESCRIPTION". Studia Linguistica, n.º 23 (2023): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/studling2023.23.52-61.
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The article provides a general description of the image of friend and enemy in early Greek lyrics. First of all, the author defines the specificity of the key lexemes of the ancient Greek language for the studied concepts, namely φίλος, and ἐχθρὸς, emphasizing their diversity, ambiguity, “untranslatability” and contextuality. This situation is also connected with the presence of a kind of “dictionary” of both friendship and enmity in the language of the ancient Greeks. It is proved that the source of the designation of a person as a “friend/enemy” for the early Greek lyricists was the work of the archaic epic, namely the works of Homer and Hesiod since both epics and lyricists noted that both gods and humans can be friends. At the same time, it is emphasized that the possibility of friendly relations with the transcendent was widespread in the ancient Near Eastern tradition. By examining the works of such early Greek lyricists as Alcmaeon, Anacreon, Bacchylides, Pindar, Sappho, and Theognis, it is proved that the image of a friend is dual, according to the use of one or another lexeme φίλος or ἑταῖρος. Φίλος denoted a friend with whom a person has a spiritual/emotional affinity, although this did not exclude usefulness, while ἑταῖρος determined the relationship between the mundane and everyday. This distinction between friendship and kinship was also due to the reflections of the pre-Socratics, as they contributed to this clarification by arguing that there are conditions for friendship that do not necessarily exist between family and friends. It has been proved that enemies in the context of the works of the lyricists of the pre-classical period of ancient culture exist not only in the relations between people but also between certain mythological characters. The Greek poets of the pre-classical period did not hate the enemy as such only for some atrocities, but it was a mutual feeling. One was not at odds with a person blindly, thoughtlessly, but because of the corresponding (in)action with which this or that person was associated. The image of the enemy has not only a negative meaning, since negative, sometimes even cruel feelings will be felt towards him, but also positive and friendly ones, if he really deserves it.
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Sánchez, Jennifer, David A. Rosenthal, Fong Chan, Jessica Brooks y Jill L. Bezyak. "Relationships Between World Health OrganizationInternational Classification of Functioning, Disability and HealthConstructs and Participation in Adults With Severe Mental Illness". Rehabilitation Research, Policy, and Education 30, n.º 3 (2016): 286–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2168-6653.30.3.286.
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Purpose:To examine the World Health OrganizationInternational Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health(ICF) constructs as correlates of community participation of people with severe mental illnesses (SMI).Methods:Quantitative descriptive research design using multiple regression and correlational techniques was used to analyze 193 persons with SMI.Results:This study examined the unique relationships between each of the ICF constructs and participation in a series of simultaneous regression analyses. Age, schizophrenia/schizoaffective diagnosis, insight, self-care activity, social competency, and social support from friends were significant predictors of participation when compared to variables in the same ICF constructs. In addition, these significant ICF predictors of participation were entered in a hierarchical regression, and only insight, social competency, and social support from friends were found to be significant predictors of participation after controlling for the effect of other ICF variables.Conclusion:In this ICF model, insight, social competency, and social support from friends were found to be associated with participation and mediated the individual contributions of types of psychiatric disabilities and self-care activity to participation. Rehabilitation practitioners should focus on interventions that increase these factors for people with SMI. Rehabilitation researchers should continue to use the ICF as a model from which to predict participation in specific life activities (e.g., employment) for people with SMI. Continued application and validation of the ICF model could positively impact recovery-oriented outcomes for individuals with SMI.
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KOVÁŘÍK, JAROMÍR, PABLO BRAÑAS-GARZA, MICHAEL W. DAVIDSON, DOTAN A. HAIM, SHANNON CARCELLI y JAMES H. FOWLER. "Digit ratio (2D:4D) and social integration: An effect of prenatal sex hormones". Network Science 5, n.º 4 (4 de julio de 2017): 476–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nws.2017.4.
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AbstractThe position people occupy in their social and professional networks is related to their social status and has strong effects on their access to social resources. While attainment of particular positions is driven by behavioral traits, many biological factors predispose individuals to certain behaviors and motivations. Prior work on exposure to fetal androgens (measured by second-to-fourth digit ratio, 2D:4D) shows that it correlates with behaviors and traits related to social status, which might make people more socially integrated. However, it also predicts certain anti-social behaviors and disorders associated with lower socialization. We explore whether 2D:4D correlates with network position later in life and find that individuals with low 2D:4D become more central in their social environment. Interestingly, low 2D:4D males are more likely to exhibit high betweenness centrality (they connect separated parts of the social structure), while low 2D:4D females are more likely to exhibit high in-degree centrality (more people name them as friends). These gender-specific differences are reinforced by transitivity (the likelihood that one's friends are also friends with one another): neighbors of low 2D:4D men tend not to know each other; the contrary is observed for low 2D:4D women. Our results suggest that biological predispositions influence the organization of human societies and that exposure to prenatal androgens influences different status seeking behaviors in men and women.
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Rada, Cornelia. "Factors Associated with Depression in Middle-Aged and Elderly People in Romania". Psichologija 61 (29 de junio de 2020): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/psichol.2020.14.
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The objectives of this study were the determination of the prevalence of self-reported depressive symptoms by the Geriatric Depression Scale and the influences of variable income, physical activity, socialization and sexual activity. A total of 601 patients aged 55–93 years with a mean age of 67.32 years and a median age of 67 years participated in this study between 2016 and 2017. Non-cooperative people and individuals with strong auditory or visual sensory deficits, severe cognitive deficits, or disorders accompanied by psychotic elements with serious somatic pathology were excluded from the interviews. Employing the SPSS GENLIN procedure, an ordinal logistic model was used. Over ½ of the respondents are within the categories of moderate and severe depression, almost half of the respondents feel that their family incomes are not enough or make it hard to meet their needs, approximately 10% think they are sedentary, over ½ participate in no sexual activity, and over ¼ do not frequently respond with pleasure to partner-initiated sexual relationships. Those who were in the higher depression category perceived their income to be extremely low (p = .001), perceived themselves as sedentary (p < .001), infrequently met with friends or neighbours in their leisure time (p = .002), and had lower sexual interest (p < .001). Middle-aged adults and older adults should learn about the health benefits of physical activity, socialization and sexual activity. Social policies must take into account this low-income segment. Poverty itself can be a contributor to depressive states, and additionally, due to their low incomes, elderly people are at risk of benefiting less from pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy.
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Kanda, Takayuki y Hiroshi Ishiguro. "An approach for a social robot to understand human relationships". Interaction Studies 7, n.º 3 (13 de noviembre de 2006): 369–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.7.3.12kan.
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This paper reports our research efforts on social robots that recognize interpersonal relationships. These investigations are carried out by observing group behaviors while the robot interacts with people. Our humanoid robot interacts with children by speaking and making various gestures. It identifies individual children by using a wireless tag system, which helps to promote interaction such as the robot calling a child by name. Accordingly, the robot is capable of interacting with many children, causing spontaneous group behavior from the children around it. Here, group behavior is associated with social relationships among the children themselves. For example, a child may be accompanied by his or her friends and then play together with them. We propose the hypothesis that our interactive robot prompts a child’s friends to accompany him or her; thus, we can estimate their friendship by simply observing their accompanying behaviors. We conducted a field experiment for two weeks in a Japanese elementary school to verify this hypothesis. In the experiment, two “Robovie” robots were placed where children could freely interact with them during recesses. As a result, we found that they mostly prompted friend-accompanying behavior. Moreover, we could estimate some of their friendly relationships, in particular among the children who often appeared around the robot. For example, we could estimate 5% of all friendships with 80% accuracy, and 15% of them with nearly 50% accuracy. Thus, this result basically supports our hypothesis on friendship estimation from an interactive humanoid robot. We believe that this ability to estimate human relationships is essential for robots to behave socially.
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Răduț, Florin, Cosmin Sicrea y Felicia Andrioni. "The risks associated with the use of social media by Generation Z". Technium Education and Humanities 6 (25 de septiembre de 2023): 12–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/teh.v6i.9613.
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The development of social media has had a significant impact on society and Generation Z has been directly affected by the new modern means of communication. In addition to the positive implications, there are a wide range of risks to which users are exposed on the Internet. Direct social interactions, physical activities, time spent with friends in nature are alternatives to limit the time spent online. Through informative campaigns, appropriate laws and collaboration between educational agents young people can develop the skills they need to cope with risky situations. Thus, the positive effects of the online environment should be maximized to contribute to personal development. The methodology of the research was characterized by the method of focus groups, and the group that was studied was made up of 13 young people. The main results highlight the existing risks for the active users of social networks, such as: addiction, narcissism, destruction of interpersonal relationships, exposure to immorality, etc.