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Li, Pengyi, Jing Sun y Hai Wang. "Formal Approach to Assertion-Based Code Generation". International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 27, n.º 09n10 (noviembre de 2017): 1637–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194017400162.
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With the growing in size and complexity of modern computer systems, the need for improving the quality at all stages of software development has become a critical issue. The current software production has been largely dependent on manual code development. Despite the slow development process, the errors introduced by the programmers contribute to a substantial portion of defects in the final software product. This paper investigates the synergy of generating code and assertion constraints from formal design models and use them to verify the implementation. We translate Z formal models into their OCL counterparts and Java assertions. With the help of existing tools, we demonstrate various checkings at different levels to enhance correctness.
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Boulé, M., J. S. Chenard y Z. Zilic. "Debug enhancements in assertion-checker generation". IET Computers & Digital Techniques 1, n.º 6 (2007): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cdt:20060209.
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Witharana, Hasini, Yangdi Lyu y Prabhat Mishra. "Directed Test Generation for Activation of Security Assertions in RTL Models". ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems 26, n.º 4 (abril de 2021): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3441297.
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Assertions are widely used for functional validation as well as coverage analysis for both software and hardware designs. Assertions enable runtime error detection as well as faster localization of errors. While there is a vast literature on both software and hardware assertions for monitoring functional scenarios, there is limited effort in utilizing assertions to monitor System-on-Chip (SoC) security vulnerabilities. We have identified common SoC security vulnerabilities and defined several classes of assertions to enable runtime checking of security vulnerabilities. A major challenge in assertion-based validation is how to activate the security assertions to ensure that they are valid. While existing test generation using model checking is promising, it cannot generate directed tests for large designs due to state space explosion. We propose an automated and scalable mechanism to generate directed tests using a combination of symbolic execution and concrete simulation of RTL models. Experimental results on diverse benchmarks demonstrate that the directed tests are able to activate security assertions non-vacuously.
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Tong, Jason G., Marc Boulé y Zeljko Zilic. "Test compaction techniques for assertion-based test generation". ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems 19, n.º 1 (diciembre de 2013): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2534397.
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Kerpedjiev, Stephan. "Model-Driven, Assertion-Based Generation of Multimedia Weather Information". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 76, n.º 10 (octubre de 1995): 1791–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1995)076<1791:mdabgo>2.0.co;2.
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Salehi Fathabadi, Asieh, Mohammadsadegh Dalvandi, Michael Butler y Bashir M. Al-Hashimi. "Verifying Cross-Layer Interactions Through Formal Model-Based Assertion Generation". IEEE Embedded Systems Letters 12, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2020): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/les.2019.2955316.
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Crowley, Timothy J. "On the “Perceptible Bodies” at De Generatione et Corruptione II.1". Revista Archai, n.º 27 (1 de septiembre de 2019): e2703. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1984-249x_27_3.
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Near the beginning of De Gen. et Cor. II.1, Aristotle claims that the generation and corruption of all naturally constituted substances are “not without the perceptible bodies” (328b32-33). It is not clear what he intends by this. In this paper I offer a new interpretation of this assertion. I argue that the assumption behind the usual reading, namely, that these “perceptible bodies” ought to be distinguished from the naturally constituted substances, is flawed, and that the assertion is best understood as a claim that Aristotle has established in the second half of the first book of the De Gen. et Cor.
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Pečiuliauskienė, Palmira. "The Structure of Interpersonal Communication Skills of the New Generation Senior School Students: The Case of Generations X and Z". Pedagogika 130, n.º 2 (20 de junio de 2018): 116–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2018.26.
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The article deals with the interpersonal communication skills of senior school students of the new generation Z. These skills were investigated using a questionnaire for measuring the interpersonal competence. Through application of factor analysis, five groups of interpersonal communication skills of senior students have been identified: initiation of interpersonal relationships, assertion of displeasure with others’ actions, self-disclosure, provision of emotional support, and management of interpersonal conflicts. The interpersonal communication skills of the new generation (Z) senior students were compared to the interpersonal communication skills of the representatives of generation X.
Psychologists (Buhrmester et al, 1988) analyzed the skills of interpersonal communication competence in the field of behavior and distinguished five domains of behavioral skills: initiating interpersonal relationships; asserting displeasure with others’ actions, self-disclosure of personal information, providing emotional support, and managing of interpersonal conflicts. These domains of the interpersonal communication competence were identified in the study of the representatives of the generation X in 1988. It is urgent to investigate the interpersonal communication skills of the new generation (Z), whether they are identical to those of the generation X. The research question was formulated as follows: what are the interpersonal skills of the students of the new generation, what is their internal structure?
The focus of the research: interpersonal communication skills of school students.
The aim of the research was to systematically investigate the interpersonal communication skills of students of the new generation (Z), highlighting the essential groups of skills.
Research objectives:
1. To single out the groups of interpersonal communication skills of the new generation of school students.
2. To contrast the groups of interpersonal communication skills of the new generation of senior school students with the ones of generation X.
3. To contrast the interpersonal communication skills of different generations (X and Z) of learners across different groups of interpersonal communication skills.
The skills of interpersonal competence of students were measured using the Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire (ICQ) (Buhrmester et al., 1988). The items of this questionnaire were rated on a 4-point scale.
The research sample. The research sample is reliable and representative. The representativeness of the sample was ensured by using random cluster sampling. Senior school students (of forms 11-12) participated in the research. The research clusters were the major cities of the country. In the standard random sample, the classes from the clusters were selected and all of the students of the chosen class participated in the research. The study was conducted in 2015.
Theoretically there were distinguished five groups of interpersonal communication skills: initiation of interpersonal relationships, assertion of displeasure with others’ actions, selfdisclosure, provision of emotional support, and management of interpersonal conflicts. Based on these five factors, it was revealed that the most strongly expressed skills of the new generation (Z) of senior school students were in the domain of providing emotional support, and the least strongly expressed ones were in the group of self-disclosure.
It was determined that the factor loadings for providing emotional support differed in the two groups of different generation (X and Z) participants. For the representatives of X generation the priority in providing emotional support was related to global decisions in their lives and career decisions. In the case of Z generation, the priority in providing emotional support was related to providing emotional support while solving problems in their families and among closest friends.
Different generations (X and Z) had different priorities in initiating interpersonal relationships. It was important for the participants of generation X to actively initiate interpersonal relationships; they expressed the desire ‘to do something together’. In the case of Generation Z, the weight of this claim was only in the fourth place – 0.721. It was the most important for the participants of generation Z to initiate and keep up a conversation. In addition, the flexibility was a characteristic feature of the skills of the senior school students of generation Z in initiating interpersonal relationships.
Different generations (X and Z) varied in their skills of interpersonal conflict resolution. The new generation (Z) senior school students were reluctant to acknowledge their mistakes during interpersonal conflicts, but they were able to refrain from saying unnecessary things that could further escalate the conflict. The participants of the generation X, on the other hand, tended to acknowledge their mistakes during interpersonal conflicts; they were better at taking a hold of themselves and casting away the feelings of jealousy / outrage while in conflict with the close people.
There was a difference between representatives of generations X and Z in their skills of assertion of personal rights and displeasure with others. In this group there emerged the ability of the representatives of generation X to tell their interlocutor about unacceptable ways of communication for them. Meanwhile, for the generation Z, this item was of the lowest factorial weight.
In the group of self-disclosure skills there emerged the ability of the generation Z senior school students to fully trust their closest interlocutor and take off their ‘masks’, the ability to tell a close interlocutor things that were deeply worrying for them. The generation X participants also had the ability to reveal certain very personal details and events of their lives to a newly acquainted person.
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Bennett, Tyler James. "Second-Generation Semiology and Detotalization". Linguistic Frontiers 4, n.º 2 (1 de septiembre de 2021): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lf-2021-0010.
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Abstract The fashionable disavowal of structural semiology as logocentric is easily countered by a review of the important innovations of second-generation semiology, spearheaded by Jacques Derrida, Roland Barthes, and Jacques Lacan. The scope of Saussurean semiology is hampered only by its reliance upon alphabetic language and presence grounded in the voice; the assertion that semiology is a part of linguistics, rather than the reverse, does not reject the existence of nonlinguistic meaning; wordplay and textual experimentation are no mere stylistic ornamentation, but are on the contrary the key strategy of second-generation semiology for exposing the limitations of language. All three of these writers rely upon the glossematics of Louis Hjelmslev for the articulation of the concrete, non-logocentric object of general linguistics — his stratification of the Saussurean sign provides the centerpiece for the synthetic theoretical model introduced here.
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Holt, Marilyn E., Kathleen F. Mittendorf, Michele LeNoue-Newton, Neha M. Jain, Ingrid Anderson, Christine M. Lovly, Travis Osterman, Christine Micheel y Mia Levy. "My Cancer Genome: Coevolution of Precision Oncology and a Molecular Oncology Knowledgebase". JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics, n.º 5 (septiembre de 2021): 995–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/cci.21.00084.
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PURPOSE The My Cancer Genome (MCG) knowledgebase and resulting website were launched in 2011 with the purpose of guiding clinicians in the application of genomic testing results for treatment of patients with cancer. Both knowledgebase and website were originally developed using a wiki-style approach that relied on manual evidence curation and synthesis of that evidence into cancer-related biomarker, disease, and pathway pages on the website that summarized the literature for a clinical audience. This approach required significant time investment for each page, which limited website scalability as the field advanced. To address this challenge, we designed and used an assertion-based data model that allows the knowledgebase and website to expand with the field of precision oncology. METHODS Assertions, or computationally accessible cause and effect statements, are both manually curated from primary sources and imported from external databases and stored in a knowledge management system. To generate pages for the MCG website, reusable templates transform assertions into reconfigurable text and visualizations that form the building blocks for automatically updating disease, biomarker, drug, and clinical trial pages. RESULTS Combining text and graph templates with assertions in our knowledgebase allows generation of web pages that automatically update with our knowledgebase. Automated page generation empowers rapid scaling of the website as assertions with new biomarkers and drugs are added to the knowledgebase. This process has generated more than 9,100 clinical trial pages, 18,100 gene and alteration pages, 900 disease pages, and 2,700 drug pages to date. CONCLUSION Leveraging both computational and manual curation processes in combination with reusable templates empowers automation and scalability for both the MCG knowledgebase and MCG website.
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Ahdar, Rex. "The Empty Idea of Equality Meets the Unbearable Fullness of Religion". Journal of Law, Religion and State 4, n.º 2 (23 de junio de 2016): 146–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22124810-00402002.
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The essay argues that religion is a much “fuller” concept than equality, as substantial and weighty as equality is derivative and hollow. The empty, tautological, misleading, but rhetorically powerful nature of equality was compellingly demonstrated by Peter Westen, a generation ago. It is ironic that, despite the manifest inadequacy of equality as an independent good, in the increasingly strident clashes between religionists and those asserting claims based on equal treatment, or freedom from discrimination, the former tend to lose on the whole. All rights are said to be on the same level. As the courts repeatedly pronounce, there is no hierarchy. But the empirical experience of the Kulturkampf belies that assertion. This essay seeks to return the contest to a more even playing field by demystifying some of the ascendant-like claims of equality in contemporary rights disputes.
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Yang, D. y Z. Liu. " Study on Chinese farmer cooperative economy organization and agricultural specialization". Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 58, No. 3 (3 de abril de 2012): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/17/2011-agricecon.
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Under the background of the Chinese Household Contract Responsibility System (HCRS), farmers have to pay higher transaction costs and encounter a huge trading risk if they engage in agricultural production only through the market transaction. Since the special properties of agricultural production limit the formation and development of agricultural enterprises, farmer cooperative economy organizations with the main functional characteristics of transaction coordination begin to flourish. By building a new classical economics model, this paper demonstrates the theoretical assertion that the generation of a farmer cooperative economy organization is accompanied by the evolution of the division of labour, the improvement of farmers’ effectiveness and the development of agricultural specialization. Furthermore, this paper does an empirical analysis with the micro-survey data to verify this theoretical assertion. Therefore, this article effectively explains the generation condition of a farmer cooperative economy organization and the internal mechanism of how it promotes the development of agricultural specialization. So this paper provides a strong theoretical and practical evidence for the development of a farmer cooperative economy organization and agricultural specialization.
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Fleischmann, Fenella, Karen Phalet y Marc Swyngedouw. "Dual Identity Under Threat". Zeitschrift für Psychologie 221, n.º 4 (enero de 2013): 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000151.
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Drawing on the literatures on dual identity and politicization, this study relates the political engagement of European-born Muslims to their dual identification as ethno-religious minorities and as citizens. Minorities’ political engagement may target mainstream society and/or ethno-religious communities. Surveying the Turkish and Moroccan Belgian second generation, our study analyzes their support for religious political assertion, participation in ethno-religious and mainstream organizations, and trust in civic institutions. Its explanatory focus is on the dual ethno-religious and civic identifications of the second generation and on perceived discrimination and perceived incompatibility as threats to their dual identity. Our findings show that participation in organizations beyond the ethno-religious community is most likely among high civic and low ethnic identifiers, and lower among dual identifiers. Rather than increasing political apathy, perceived discrimination goes along with higher levels of participation in both ethno-religious and mainstream organizations. Finally, the perception of Islamic and Western ways of life as incompatible predicts greater support for religious political assertion and lower trust in civic institutions. Implications for the role of dual identity and identity threat in the political integration of ethno-religious minorities are discussed.
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Arikuma, Takeshi, Sumi Yoshikawa, Ryuzo Azuma, Kentaro Watanabe, Kazumi Matsumura y Akihiko Konagaya. "Drug interaction prediction using ontology-driven hypothetical assertion framework for pathway generation followed by numerical simulation". BMC Bioinformatics 9, Suppl 6 (2008): S11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-9-s6-s11.
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Marples, David R. "National Awakening and National Consciousness in Belarus". Nationalities Papers 27, n.º 4 (diciembre de 1999): 565–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/009059999108830.
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A frequent assertion about the recent events and pervasive mood in Belarus—the apparent efforts to reunite with Russia, the virtual denial of a Belarusian identity by a Russophone president, official nostalgia for the time of the former Soviet Union— is that national consciousness is somehow retarded or delayed, and national development is lagging considerably behind that of its neighboring states, Lithuania and Ukraine. This article seeks to address the question of national self-awareness in Belarus from three angles: those of demography, culture, and language. Was development of the republic in the Soviet period different from that of the other republics, and is that development responsible for what has been described as the “national nihilism” of today? Is that mood likely to change with a new generation of Belarusians? How far is President Alyaksander Lukashenka, the first president of Belarus, who was elected in July 1994, responsible for the present situation and how far is he a symptom of the notable lack of self-assertion of Belarusians?
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Pizani, Paulo S., M. R. Joya, F. M. Pontes, L. P. S. Santos, M. Godinho Jr, E. R. Leite y Elson Longo. "Defect-Induced Photoluminescence of Powdered Silica Glass". Defect and Diffusion Forum 273-276 (febrero de 2008): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.273-276.479.
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Visible photoluminescence was generated in standard soda-lime-silica glass powder, mechanically milled in a high-energy attrition mill. The broad emission band maximum shows a linear dependence on the exciting wavelength, suggesting the possibility to tune the PL emission. The photoluminescence was attributed to defect generation related to unsatisfied chemical bonds due to the high surface area. Raman scattering and ultraviolet-visible optical reflectance measurements corroborate this assertion. Transmission electron microscopy measurements indicate that the powder is composed by nanocrystallites with about 10-20 nanometers immersed in an amorphous media.
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Cardwell, Richard A. "From aesthetic idealism to national concerns?" Journal of Romance Studies 21, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2021): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/jrs.2021.1.
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It has been argued that Antonio Machado was a late-comer to the so-called Generation of ‘98 and that, with his Campos de Castilla of 1912, he belatedly joined the general chorus for reform of his contemporary writers (Azorín, Baroja, etc.) and began to voice concerns with the backwardness of Castilian rural life and ‘the problem of Spain’ already broached earlier by the so-called Generation of ’98. In effect, Campos de Castilla continues much of the style of his earlier work with added realism. Only three poems of the forty-six of the first edition have explicit reference to a concern for Spain’s decline. With detailed reference to the poems, this article argues that the assertion that Machado was involved in the so-called reformist programme of the Generation of ‘98 needs to be called into question and that Machado in the Soria period was less than the reformist critics have claimed him to be.
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Cooley, John R., David C. Marshall y Chris Simon. "Documenting Single-Generation Range Shifts of Periodical Cicada Brood VI (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada spp.)". Annals of the Entomological Society of America 114, n.º 4 (13 de abril de 2021): 477–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saab007.
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Abstract Historically, most North American periodical cicada (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada spp. Davis 1925) distribution records have been mapped at county-level resolution. In recent decades, Magicicada brood distributions and especially edges have been mapped at a higher resolution, aided by the use of GIS technology after 2000. Brood VI of the 17-yr cicadas emerged in 2000 and 2017 and is the first for which detailed mapping has been completed in consecutive generations. Overlaying the records from the two generations suggests that in some places, Brood VI expanded its range slightly between 2000 and 2017, although the measured changes are close to the lower limit of detectability given the methods used. Even so, no simple alternative to range expansion easily accounts for these observations. We also bolster Alexander and Moore’s assertion that M. cassini does not occur in Brood VI.
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Eckert, Candice, Brian Cham, Pengyi Li, Jing Sun y Gillian Dobbie. "Linking Design Model with Code". International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 26, n.º 09n10 (noviembre de 2016): 1473–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194016400131.
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With the growing in size and complexity of modern computer systems, the need for improving the quality at all stages of software development has become a critical issue. The current software production has been largely dependent on manual code development. Despite the slow development process, the errors introduced by the programmers contribute to a substantial portion of defects in the final software product. Model-driven engineering (MDE), despite having many advantages, is often overlooked by programmers due to lack of proper understanding and training in the matter. This paper investigates the advantages and disadvantages of MDE and looks at research results showing the adoption rates of design models. It analyzes different tools used for automated code generation and displays the reasons that led to technical decisions such as the programming language or design model used. In light of the findings, an educational tool, namely Lorini, was developed to provide automated code generation from the design models. The implemented tool consists of a plug-in for the Astah framework aimed at teaching Java programming to students through UML diagrams. It features instantaneous code generation from three types of UML diagrams, code-diagram matching, a feedback panel for error displays and on-the-fly compilation and execution of the resulting program. We also explore the possibility of generating assertion constraints from the design model and use them to verify the implementation. Evaluation of the tool indicated it to be successful with unique educational features and intuitive to use.
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Kayapınar, M. Akif. "Ibn Khaldun's Concept of Assabiyya: An Alternative Tool for Understanding Long-Term Politics". Asian Journal of Social Science 36, n.º 3-4 (2008): 375–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853108x327010.
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AbstractThis essay considers Ibn Khaldun's concept of assabiyya with respect to the generation of the collective political action, particularly, directed to state formation. Special attention is paid to the nature and genesis of assabiyya as a technical term developed cumulatively throughout the Muqaddimah. It asks whether assabiyya, as Ibn Khaldun defined it, can be reformulated and applied in understanding and explaining current political developments. It concludes with the assertion that, considering its holistic and interdisciplinary nature, its moral implications, and, most importantly, its spatio-temporal dimension, assabiyya can emerge as an alternative conceptual tool in overcoming the impasse currently facing political theory in general and the liberal democratic paradigm in particular.
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Sedikides, Constantine y John J. Skowronski. "In Human Memory, Good Can Be Stronger Than Bad". Current Directions in Psychological Science 29, n.º 1 (14 de enero de 2020): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721419896363.
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Some researchers assert that the psychological impact of negative information is more powerful than that of positive information. This assertion is qualified in the domain of human memory, in which (a) positive content is often favored (in the strength of memories for real stimuli or events and in false-memory generation) over negative content and (b) the affect prompted by memories of positive events is more temporally persistent than the affect prompted by memories of negative events. We suggest that both of these phenomena reflect the actions of self-motives (i.e., self-protection and self-enhancement), which instigate self-regulatory activity and self-relevant processes.
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Walker, Edward A. "An Alternative to the Alcubierre Theory: Warp Fields by the Gravitation via Accelerated Particles Assertion". Applied Physics Research 8, n.º 5 (30 de septiembre de 2016): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/apr.v8n5p44.
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<p class="1Body">A summarization of the Alcubierre metric is given in comparison to a new metric that has been formulated based on the theoretical assertion of a recently published paper entitled “gravitational space-time curve generation via accelerated particles”. The new metric mathematically describes a warp field where particle accelerators can theoretically generate gravitational space-time curves that compress or contract a volume of space-time toward a hypothetical vehicle traveling at a sub-light velocity contingent upon the amount of voltage generated. Einstein’s field equations are derived based on the new metric to show its compatibility to general relativity. The “time slowing” effects of relativistic gravitational time dilation inherent to the gravitational field generated by the particle accelerators is mathematically shown to be counteracted by a gravitational equilibrium point between an arrangement of two equal magnitude particle accelerators. The gravitational equilibrium point produces a volume of flat or linear space-time to which the hypothetical vehicle can traverse the region of contracted space-time without experiencing time slippage. The theoretical warp field possessing these attributes is referred to as the two gravity source warp field which is mathematically described by the new metric.</p>
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Waqar, Basharat Hussain. "A Conjucture About the Compiler/Author of “Sarf Bahaai”". Negotiations 2, n.º 1 (23 de marzo de 2022): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.54064/negotiations.v2i1.48.
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”صرف بہائی“ دےمؤلف بارے اک قیاس آرائی
Research is the name of seeking, confirming and publicizing the truth. There is not at all any room for conjecture in it. Conjecture gives birth to doubt and breeds dubiety. Dr. Mahr Abdul Haq has declared “SARF BAHAAI”, a compilation / composition of Hazrat Bahauddin Zakria Multani (R.A), whereby ignoring the facts, merely on the basis of conjecture. It is, in actuality, the composition of Bahauddin Aamli (R.A). It is written in Dr. Mahr Abdul Haq’s article titled “Hazrat Bahauddin Zakria Multani (R.A)”, published in “Adab Khazeenay” the text book of Elective Punjabi for class 11th that “SARF BAHAAI” is the composition of Hazrat Bahauddin Zakria Multani (R.A). This misconception is transferring from generation to generation because of being included in the curriculum. The miscue in the past research can be rectified with the research as well. In this thesis, Dr. Abdul Haq’s assertion has been refuted argumentatively.
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Fergusson, David G. "Counterpoint: If Libraries Don't Change, They Won't Be the Place to Get the Books". North Carolina Libraries 62, n.º 1 (20 de enero de 2009): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3776/ncl.v62i1.149.
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Having read Tom Moore’s article, I feel torn. First, I agree with a lot ofwhat he says, so I am naturally questioning myself. Moore has beentossing his ideas around North Carolina for a generation, loving the controversy he has caused, and when we roll over and publicly agree with him without a whimper, I think he subconsciously finds it upsetting. So I won’t go that far. I agree with him about his central assertion as to the permanence of the book: if the book ain’t broke, don’t fix it. But I generally believe that we are in an excellent position to influence the future for libraries so that they will stay in the forefront of American culture.
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Subramanian, Ajantha. "Making Merit: The Indian Institutes of Technology and the Social Life of Caste". Comparative Studies in Society and History 57, n.º 2 (20 de marzo de 2015): 291–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417515000043.
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AbstractThe politics of meritocracy at the Indian Institutes of Technology illuminates the social life of caste in contemporary India. I argue that the IIT graduate's status depends on the transformation of privilege into merit, or the conversion of caste capital into modern capital. Analysis of this process calls for a relational approach to merit. My ethnographic research on the southeastern state of Tamilnadu, and on IIT Madras located in the state capital of Chennai, illuminates claims to merit, not simply as the transformation of capital but also as responses to subaltern assertion. Analyzing meritocracy in relation to subaltern politics allows us to see the contextual specificity of such claims: at one moment, they are articulated through the disavowal of caste, at another, through caste affiliation. This marking and unmarking of caste suggests a rethinking of meritocracy, typically assumed to be a modernist ideal that disclaims social embeddedness and disdains the particularisms of caste and race. I show instead that claims to collective belonging and to merit are eminently commensurable, and become more so when subaltern assertion forces privilege into the foreground. Rather than the progressive erasure of ascribed identities in favor of putatively universal ones, we are witnessing the re-articulation of caste as an explicit basis for merit and the generation of newly consolidated forms of upper-casteness.
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Harrington, Neil y Charles Pickles. "Mindfulness and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Are They Compatible Concepts?" Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 23, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2009): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.23.4.315.
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Several therapies have emerged that include mindfulness as a central theoretical concept within a Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) model. These include Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT). This article argues that mindfulness is contrary to many of the core principles of CBT, but more importantly, the concept of mindfulness lacks meaning, outside of the Buddhist religious tradition from which it arises. As part of a mystical ideology, mindfulness represents an antirational and prescientific worldview. As such, this article questions the assertion that mindfulness can be a part of a new scientific paradigm, representing a “third generation” of CBT, and suggests that CBT is in danger of becoming an all-encompassing term.
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Wright, Ben. "Confederate Statues and Their Dirty Laundry". Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 18, n.º 03 (julio de 2019): 349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781419000070.
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AbstractSince 2015, America has witnessed a profound shift in aggregate public sentiments toward Confederate statues and symbols. That shift was keenly felt on the campus of the University of Texas at Austin (UT), culminating in the removal of four such statues in 2015 and 2017. However, an inquiry into their creation points to an equally significant shift in sentiments during the 1920s. UT's statues were commissioned in 1919 by George Littlefield, a Confederate veteran and university regent, as part of a larger war memorial. The ostensible purpose of that memorial was to commemorate veterans of both the Civil War and World War I. However, during the 1920s, a new generation of university leaders rejected Littlefield's design—and with it the assertion that the services of Civil and World War veterans were morally congruent and united in a common historical trajectory. This article tracks the ways in which they quietly and yet profoundly undermined the project, causing it to be significantly delayed and then extensively altered. Meanwhile, students and veterans improvised their own commemorative practices that were in stark contrast to the Confederate generation—the latter wanted to remember, while the former wanted to forget.
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Tilenbaeva, Gulnara, Samara Karabaeva, Nurzada Kambarova, Asanbek Akmataliev, Damirbek Yrazakov, Erkaiym Sharipova y Rustambek Salimov. "The spiritual culture of the younger generation - the key to the development of society". E3S Web of Conferences 284 (2021): 08021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128408021.
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Modern practice urgently requires a theoretical analysis of the younger generation spiritual culture formation problems, considering the realities of a modern, dynamically changing society. The research is relevant because today there is a contradiction between the demand for the spiritual potential of the younger generation by society and the real level of the spiritual culture of young people. The desire to find ways to resolve this contradiction determines the scientific problem of our research. In theoretical terms, this is the problem of substantiating the theoretical and methodological foundations of the younger generation spiritual culture development. In practical terms - the search for ways to optimize the processes of the formation of his spiritual culture in the modern period of the society development. One cannot speak about spirituality and morality as a mass social phenomenon regardless of specific conditions that can either hinder or contribute to the broad assertion of their principles. Today our society is going through a difficult period of its development, where crisis phenomena have covered all spheres of life and activities of people. The characteristic features of these phenomena in the spiritual sphere of society are a drop in the proportion of moral values, a decrease in spiritual principles in people’s lives. In educational work, operating with general categories of social order, we often leave on the background, and sometimes we simply forget, such fundamental concepts for a person as the fulfillment of one’s moral duty, conscience, honor, honesty, decency, mercy, dignity, nobility, goodness.
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Priori, Andrea. "Young people first! The multiple inscriptions of a generational discourse of Muslimness among Italian-Bangladeshi youths". Migration Letters 18, n.º 1 (28 de enero de 2021): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v18i1.1058.
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‘Our parents couldn’t teach us the true meaning of what spirituality and faith can be!’. This assertion, made by a 24-year-old youth, epitomises the critical stance of a group of young Italian-Bangladeshi Muslims towards the religiosity oftheir former generation. Based on ethnographic research in Rome (Italy), this article illustrates the apparently oxymoroniccharacteristics of a discourse of Muslimness which, despite stressing the importance of a return to the primary sources ofIslam, combines this attitude with a peculiar emphasis on ‘integration’. I will show how this counter-intuitive combinationis not only inspired by a scholarly concept of ‘European Islam’, but first and foremost it is grounded in the concrete lifeconditions of youths who are both well placed within the Italian society and animated by religious zeal. In this way, I seekto shed light on the mutual entanglement of religious stances and life experiences, and to point up the limits of‘exceptionalist’ and ‘literalist’ approaches to the study of Islam.
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Wong, Elaine. "Translingual Poets in Colonial and Postcolonial Taiwan". Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices 19, n.º 1 (16 de marzo de 2022): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-897x-2022-19-1-28-35.
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In the mid-1940s, Taiwan underwent a change of ruling power from colonial Japan to the Kuomintang Party from China. Both governments implemented monolingualization on the Taiwanese population. In this article, we examine the situation translingual position in a historical aspect, dwelling in detail on the work of the outstanding Taiwanese poet Chen Qianwu. We come to several conclusions that may be useful to researchers in the field of translingual literature. 1. Taiwans translingual poets, born in the 1920s, found themselves in a situation of permanent code switching: using the local dialects of Hokkien and Hakka in everyday practice, they were trained in Japanese and used Japanese in a wider society. 2. Although the switch between one monolingual paradigm and another violated the creative result of translational authors, this did not exclude the experience of multilingual realities and interlingual influences that they experienced from the fragmentation of local identities, especially during the development and formation of Taiwanese linguistic consciousness. 3. The literary intermediaries between the paradigms were: the classical Chinese writing, brought with the first immigrants from China; vernacular Chinese writing, influenced by the New Literary Movement in the 1920s; Taiwanese writing based on the most common dialects, Hokkien and Hakka (the idea of speaking and writing in unison); Japanese writing, which was originally studied in school along with Chinese, but supplanted it. The switch from Japanese, the colonial official language, to Mandarin Chinese, the postcolonial official language, led to a so-called translingual generation of literary writers. While the switch from one monolingual paradigm to another disrupted the creative output of the translingual generation, it did not prevent these writers from developing a Taiwanese consciousness. As illustrated by the poet Chen Qianwu, language crossing experiences strengthened the translingual generations assertion of their local identities.
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Reddy, Peter y Vanessa Parson. "Student Response to a Pub Quiz Style First Year Psychology Assessment". Psychology Learning & Teaching 6, n.º 2 (septiembre de 2007): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/plat.2007.6.2.154.
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The deterioration in staff-student ratios in UK higher education has had a disproportionate impact on assessment and feedback, meaning that contemporary students may have fewer assessments and much less feedback than a generation ago (Gibbs, 2006). Early use of a quiz assessment may offer a blend of social benefits (social comparison, shared problem solving leading to engagement, belonging and continuation), academic benefits (early formative assessment, immediate feedback) and administrative benefits (on-the-spot verbal marking and feedback to 230 students simultaneously). This study sought student views on the acceptability and contribution to learning of the quiz. Social benefits were apparent but difficulties in creating questions to elicit deeper reasoning and problem solving are discussed and the quiz had limited pedagogic value in the eyes of participants. The use of assertion-reason questions are considered as a way of taking the table quiz to a higher level and extending its pedagogic value.
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Barnes, Candice Dowd, Patty Kohler-Evans y Rachel A. Wingfield. "Are we Effectively Teaching Today’s College Student?" International Journal of Education (IJE) 8, n.º 4 (30 de diciembre de 2020): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ije.2020.8405.
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Evidence suggests that twenty first century college students have less aptitude and less interest in academic learning than their predecessors. This poses a challenge to faculty who are charged with passing knowledge to the next generation of teachers, scientists, managers and others whose field necessitates a degree from a college or university. The authors examine this assertion by taking a closer look at how faculty provide intellectual stimuli to their students, how technology helps or hinders learning, and the complex relationship between faculty and students. Three broad themes are explored: helping students understand the higher education experience, keeping students engaged in and out of class, and continuously assessing for improvement in students’ relationships with those charged with educating them. Specific recommendations, grounded in research, are made for each area explored. The authors conclude that making changes in how faculty approach the experiences students have, will significantly improve the quality of those experiences.
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Sin, Bong-Kee y Jin H. Kim. "Network-Based Approach to Korean Handwriting Analysis". International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 12, n.º 02 (marzo de 1998): 233–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001498000166.
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It is well known that the stochastic approach using the HMM and dynamic programming-based search is particularly suited to the analysis of time series signals including on-line handwriting. The starting point of this research is a network of HMMs which models the whole set of characters. Then it is followed by the assertion that the HMM for the on-line script can be applied to not only on-line character recognition but also to the handwriting synthesis and even pen-trajectory recovery in off-line character images. The solutions to these problems are based on the single network of HMMs and the single principle of DP-based state-observation alignment. Given an observation sequence, the search for the best path in the network corresponds to the recognition. Given a character model, the search for the best observation sequence corresponds to the handwriting generation. The proposed framework has been shown to work nicely through a set of tests on Korean characters.
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Veg, Sebastian. "Creating a Textual Public Space: Slogans and Texts from Hong Kong's Umbrella Movement". Journal of Asian Studies 75, n.º 3 (agosto de 2016): 673–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911816000565.
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Hong Kong's Umbrella Movement (September–December 2014) represented a watershed in Hong Kong's political culture and self-understanding. Based on over 1,000 slogans and other textual and visual material documented during the movement, this study provides an overview of claims, which are oriented towards an assertion of agency, articulated at different levels: in a universalistic mode (“democracy”), in relation with a political community (Hong Kong autonomy and decolonization), and through concrete policy aims. At the same time, slogans mobilize diverse cultural and historical repertoires that attest the hybrid quality of Hong Kong identity and underscore the diversity of sources of political legitimacy. Finally, it will be argued that by establishing a system of contending discourses within the occupied public spaces, the movement strived to act out a type of discursive democracy. Despite the challenges that this discursive space encountered in interacting with the authorities and the public at large, it represented an unfinished attempt to build a new civic culture among Hong Kong's younger generation.
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Edwards, M. J. "Treading the Aether: Lucretius,De Rerum Natura1.62–79". Classical Quarterly 40, n.º 2 (diciembre de 1990): 465–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800043032.
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As befits the proem to so original and immense an undertaking, this passage echoes, in order to retort them upon their inventors, the mythopoeic commonplaces of other ancient schools. One such commonplace was the assertion that some man was the first to effect a revolution in life or thought: those who held with Empedocles that Pythagoras was the first to see beyond his generation, or with Aristotle that Thales was the earliest cosmogonist and Plato the first discoverer of happiness, must learn that neither scientific truth nor human felicity was known before Epicurus. A figure dear to Plato and his admirers was that of the Gigantomachy: if he himself professed to fear that contemporary atomists would drag the heavens to earth, and Aristotle showed similar apprehensions with regard to some of Plato's own interpreters, they were right to foresee the destruction of their own systems, wrong to suppose that this portended anything but deliverance to mankind.
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Bukowczyk, John J. "The Transforming Power of the Machine: Popular Religion, Ideology, and Secularization among Polish Immigrant Workers in the United States, 1880–1940". International Labor and Working-Class History 34 (1988): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547900005019.
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In the last fifteen years or so, a generation of European social historians, armed with an integrated understanding of society, class, culture, and politics, has demystified the history of religion. In particular, they have probed the complicated relationship between institutional and popular belief in the time when Roman Catholicism formed the ideological mainstay of landed power in the precapitalist European countryside. Even apart from the Reformation, they have shown that orthodox religion faced a raft of powerful popular challenges. Superstition, magic, and other “pagan”—or folk—carryovers still survived. Even when accepted, orthodox religion often underwent subversive transmutation at the hands of supposedly docile and devout underclasses who reinvested its practices with new meanings, reappropriated its symbols for their own ends, and sometimes thereby used it as a resource against the predations of society's rulers. In the process, they transformed the Church's own religion from a theology of subjugation into an arena for popular struggle, resistance, expression, and assertion.
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Brooks, Nicholas. "Why is the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle About Kings?" Anglo-Saxon England 39 (diciembre de 2010): 43–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263675110000050.
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AbstractResearch into the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in the last generation has concentrated upon editing the different versions found in the extant manuscripts and on interpreting their differences. That has caused some neglect of the features that all manuscripts share, namely their remarkable preoccupation with the deeds of English kings and with the assertion of English identity – features characteristic both of the Chronicle's ‘common stock’ down to c. 892 and of subsequent continuations. That shared agenda may most readily be explained by supposing that from the 890s until 1131 sections of the annals continued to be disseminated intermittently from the royal household. The sustained royal focus would reflect the career interests of those in the king's service; and the local continuation of Chronicle manuscripts would reflect such men's role in abbatial or episcopal office. The traditional assumption that the Chronicle was being composed in the churches to which copies had been distributed by King Alfred requires an interpretation of the manuscript transmission of improbable complexity.
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Davis-Mendelow, Sammy, Jorge Baier y Sheila McIlraith. "Assumption-Based Planning: Generating Plans and Explanations under Incomplete Knowledge". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 27, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2013): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v27i1.8687.
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Many practical planning problems necessitate the generation of a plan under incomplete information about the state of the world. In this paper we propose the notion of Assumption-Based Planning. Unlike conformant planning, which attempts to find a plan under all possible completions of the initial state, an assumption-based plan supports the assertion of additional assumptions about the state of the world, often resulting in high quality plans where no conformant plan exists. We are interested in this paradigm of planning for two reasons: 1) it captures a compelling form of \emph{commonsense planning}, and 2) it is of great utility in the generation of explanations, diagnoses, and counter-examples -- tasks which share a computational core with We formalize the notion of assumption-based planning, establishing a relationship between assumption-based and conformant planning, and prove properties of such plans. We further provide for the scenario where some assumptions are more preferred than others. Exploiting the correspondence with conformant planning, we propose a means of computing assumption-based plans via a translation to classical planning. Our translation is an extension of the popular approach proposed by Palacios and Geffner and realized in their T0 planner. We have implemented our planner, A0, as a variant of T0 and tested it on a number of expository domains drawn from the International Planning Competition. Our results illustrate the utility of this new planning paradigm.
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Van der Merwe, C. y N. J. Snyman. "Semiotiese fokus op die gedig as estetiese teken-objek". Literator 11, n.º 2 (6 de mayo de 1990): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v11i2.804.
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In this article the poem “Sitate per pos” by Lina Spies is decoded according to semiotic premises, inter aha Peirce’s triad of icon, symbol and index. The following relations are examined: the symbol-object relation according to findings of Van Zoest; the index-object relation where indexes respectively referring to external reality, intertextuality and the intratext itself are differentiated; the icon-object relation based on Peirce’s assertion that iconicity is founded on a likeness relation and Eco’s view that iconicity can also be based on observation and convention. The decoding process indicates that informative iconicity takes precedence. Iconicity lends semantic validity to sounds within the context of the poem. Siegel’s exposition of syntactic iconicity is applied on poetic syntactic patterns and ungrammaticality. Signs on a higher level of semantic signification are examined in terms of metaphoric iconicities. The investigation demonstrates that a metaphoric icon can also fulfil the function of a lexical interpretant due to the simultaneous generation of intra- and intertexts. The informative power of material icons and super icons within the structural coherence of the poem is highlighted.
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Dutta, Dilip. "Sustained human development as a psycho-social evolution from individuality to personality". International Journal of Development Issues 13, n.º 3 (26 de agosto de 2014): 188–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-06-2014-0050.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse how Vivekananda, in his quest for sustained human development, explores a new generation of humanity by combining some of the active and heroic personality elements of the West with the meditative and yogic personality skills of the East. Design/methodology/approach – Because of Vivekananda’s pioneering efforts in the last decade of the 19th century, ancient India’s Vedânta philosophy of human life, along with the Yoga system, has now become a common heritage of all mankind. Vivekananda’s assertion that a human being is potentially divine – one of the major tenets of ancient India’s Vedânta philosophy – has been used as the philosophical foundation of sustained human development. Findings – A psycho-physical human being’s initial individuality could be developed towards a psycho-social personality with its manifold existence by manifesting the aesthetic, ethical, heroic and spiritual possibilities lying hidden in an individual person. Originality/value – Persons with different degrees of higher assimilative qualities create different personalities. A psycho-social personality could lead to the path of sustained human development essentially by controlling its mind.
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Ogunlola, Layo. "The Pre-colonial Yoruba Education System: Catalyst Against Immorality". Yoruba Studies Review 5, n.º 1.2 (21 de diciembre de 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/ysr.v5i1.2.130109.
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The notion that Africans in general have no literature of their own has been severally debunked as false assertion. Awólàlú (1979) describes it as ‘erroneous’, a thought borne out of prejudice, malice and bias (3). Among these is their method of training both the young and old in the ways and traditions of the people. The Yorùbá had a system of education referred to as ìlànà ètò è̩kó̩ ìbílè̩ (traditional or indigenous system of education). Even though the said system of education was not documented, it is not only flexible enough to conserve the tradition and culture of the people, it has also proved adequate in transmitting the cultural heritage from generation to generation using the mother-tongue as a tool. Tis paper examines the effectiveness of this traditional system of education in the development of the pre-colonial Yoruba society especially in terms of moral diligence. The paper critically analyzes the system and concludes that a society that is morally bankrupt cannot develop, hence the need for a system of education that emphasizes moral training such as the Yorùbá traditional system of education as compared with the Western system of education, which lays emphasis on jobs. The paper concludes that if the formal education system can prioritize moral training by tailoring the curriculum towards this objective, the problem of high moral decadence level currently ravaging our various societies may continue and this will not do the societies any good.
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Lipski, John M. "Reconstructing the life-cycle of a mixed language: An exploration of Ecuadoran Media Lengua". International Journal of Bilingualism 24, n.º 2 (26 de abril de 2019): 410–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006919842668.
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Aims and objectives: This study explores the assertion that bilingual mixed languages are only diachronically stable if they are not spoken together with both of the contributing source languages. Ecuadoran Media Lengua, which combines all-Quichua morphosyntax with nearly all lexical roots replaced by Spanish-derived forms, coexists in three communities with both Spanish and Quichua, having arrived in each community in successive generations. Methodology and design: Trilingual speakers (Quichua, Media Lengua, Spanish) participated in four interactive tasks: speeded translation, speeded acceptability judgments, language classification, and lexical decision. Data and analysis: For each task, the calculated rate of separation of Quichua and Media Lengua was the response variable for a series of linear mixed-effects models, with community (and when appropriate, age group) as a fixed effect. Findings/conclusions: The results suggest that a mixed language spoken together with the languages that supplied both the lexical roots and the morphosyntax can maintain its integrity for a generation or two, but the perceptual boundaries circumscribing the mixed language eventually become more permeable. They point to a significant correlation between the chronology of language contacts and the perceptual stability of Media Lengua, which is greatest when the only competing language is Quichua, somewhat less when Spanish is acquired later as the second language, and lowest when Spanish is one of the early acquired or native languages alongside Quichua. Originality: This is the first attempt to test the putative diachronic stability of a mixed language by means of synchronic experimental data.
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Puczyłowski, Tomasz. "Fictional names, their use and pragmatic interpretations". Semiotica 2021, n.º 240 (24 de marzo de 2021): 165–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2020-0005.
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Abstract The aim of the paper is to defend the view according to which all simple fictional sentences are meaningless. If their assertions seem to convey some truth evaluable information, and fictional sentences themselves seem to be true or false, it is because some pragmatic mechanisms are operative, enabling the expression of propositions not encoded in the semantic content of these sentences. According to some theorists, the mechanisms responsible for that process are the same as those responsible for generating conversational implicatures. I argue against that claim and maintain that to comprehend the information conveyed by a fictional assertion, one must determine what kind of fictional assertion it is and only then apply the relevant interpretative rule adjusted to the fictional sentence used in that act.
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Washio, S., S. Kikui y S. Takahashi. "Nucleation and subsequent cavitation in a hydraulic oil poppet valve". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 224, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 2010): 947–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1618.
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If bubble nuclei are the cause of cavitation, how are they initially produced? According to what Washio et al. have found out so far, there are two possible ways for cavitation nuclei to be generated in liquid flows: separation of flow and a relative motion between solids contacting in liquid. The present article intends to reinforce that assertion by observing the cavitation occurring in an oil hydraulic poppet valve. At a certain flowrate, a microscopic cavity suddenly emerged on the valve seat where the flow separated. As the flowrate increased, the cavity developed extending circumferentially on the seat and discharged bubbles by splitting. A collision of the poppet with the valve seat also caused the generation of a cavity. As the poppet was away from the seat after the collision, the cavity shrunk leaving behind a bubble. Cavities generated on the seat by flow separation regularly repeated a process of growth and shrinkage accompanied by bubble discharge, which induced flow pulsation and consequently vibration of the poppet supported by a spring as well. Moreover, these cavities brought about so-called ‘choking’ in the poppet—seat constriction and acted to increase the pressure loss there by narrowing its cross-section.
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Lincicome, Mark E. "Nationalism, Imperialism, and the International Education Movement in Early Twentieth-Century Japan". Journal of Asian Studies 58, n.º 2 (mayo de 1999): 338–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2659400.
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The literature on nationalism ascribes a pivotal role to schools in creating what Benedict Anderson calls an “imagined community,” through the formation and dissemination of a common national identity and a shared national consciousness where none existed before (e.g., Anderson 1983; Gellner 1983; Hobsbawm 1990; Smith 1991). It is not unusual to find Japan cited as a prime example of this process, not only among theorists of nationalism, but among Japan specialists, as well (e.g., Beauchamp 1988, 226–29; Cummings 1980, 17–25; Hunter 1989, 192–97; Ienaga 1978; Pyle 1996, 125–30; Rohlen 1983, 46–57; Schoppa 1991, 29–31; Thomas 1996, 254–62). In general, they portray the first two decades of the Meiji period, between 1868 and 1890, as the era when a modern national consciousness merged with a revivified nativist identity to form an “emperor-centered nationalism” that was institutionalized and propagated by the state, chiefly through a newly established compulsory, centralized school system. Frequently, this assertion is supported by citing the Imperial Rescript on Education (1890), which begins, “Our Imperial Ancestors have founded Our Empire on a basis broad and everlasting and have deeply and firmly implanted virtue; Our subjects, ever united in loyalty and filial piety, have from generation to generation illustrated the beauty thereof.” This distinctive brand of Japanese nationalism is also regarded as a factor contributing to the subsequent development of Japanese imperialism and the country's pursuit of a colonial empire abroad, which began with its victory in the Sino-Japanese War (1894–95), and concluded fifty years later with its defeat in the Pacific War.
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Huang, Zhe, Viet Cao, Esther Laurentine Nya, Willis Gwenzi y Chicgoua Noubactep. "Kanchan Arsenic Filters and the Future of Fe0-Based Filtration Systems for Single Household Drinking Water Supply". Processes 9, n.º 1 (29 de diciembre de 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9010058.
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Biological and chemical contamination of natural water bodies is a global health risk for more than one billion people, mostly living in low-income countries. Innovative, affordable, and efficient decentralized solutions for safe drinking water supply are urgently needed. Metallic iron (Fe0)-based filtration systems have been described as such an appropriate solution. This communication focuses on the Kanchan arsenic filter (KAF), presented in the early 2000s and widely assessed during the past decade. The KAF contains iron nails as the Fe0 source and is primarily designed to remove As from polluted tube well waters. Recent independent works assessing their performance have all reported on a high degree of variability in efficiency depending mostly on (1) the current operating conditions, (2) the design, and (3) the groundwater chemistry. This communication shows that the major problems of the KAF are twofold: (1) a design mistake as the Fe0 units disturb the operation and functionality of the biosand filter, and (2) the use of poorly characterized iron nails of unknown reactivity. This assertion is supported by the evidence that the very successful community filter designed by the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay works with iron nails and has been efficient for many years. Replacing iron nails by more reactive Fe0 materials (e.g., iron fillings and steel wool) should be tested in a new generation KAF. It is concluded that a methodological or systematic approach in introducing and monitoring the efficiency of KAF should be used to test and disseminate the next generation KAF worldwide. Moreover, better characterization of the Fe0 materials including their intrinsic reactivity is required.
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Robinson, Greg. "Nisei in Gotham: The JACD and Japanese Americans in 1940s New York". Prospects 30 (octubre de 2005): 581–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300002180.
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The resettlement and activism of Japanese Americans in New York City during the 1940s represents a notable chapter within the large and complex history of the city's Nikkei (ethnic Japanese) community. Throughout the 20th century, the New York community has been distinctive among those in the United States. Like the larger city itself, New York's Nikkei population has been notable for demographic and occupational diversity, extraordinary cosmopolitanism, and political and artistic effervescence. At the same time, in stark contrast to its Pacific Coast counterparts, the New York community has long been marked by a lack of group cohesion, which the scattered residential pattern and transient nature of many of its members did nothing to reduce.Both these salient community characteristics — political/artistic self-assertion and dispersion — were accentuated with the coming of World War II. The impending conflict between Washington and Tokyo led to the abrupt departure of a large proportion of the city's Nikkei residents back to Japan. However, in the weeks after Pearl Harbor, a new group of anti-Fascist Japanese Americans, largely first generation, assumed community leadership. Their group was subsequently reinforced with the arrival of second-generation intellectuals and artists from the West Coast, who had been incarcerated en masse in camps and elected to resettle in the city afterward. Although the newcomers experienced discrimination and difficulties, they joined with the city's established Japanese population to form a truly cohesive community, with its nucleus the popular activist group Japanese American Committee for Democracy. Yet this group, because of its connections with the Communist Party, demonstrated the limitations as well as the force of Japanese-American political action.
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Pálmai, Gergely, Szabolcs Csernyák y Zoltán Erdélyi. "Authentic and Reliable Data in the Service of National Public Data Asset". Pénzügyi Szemle = Public Finance Quarterly 66, Special edition 2021/1 (2021): 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35551/pfq_2021_s_1_3.
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The analysis focused on how efficient management of the national data asset is supported by the Hungarian regulatory framework concerning the use of public information, and whether public data constituting part of the national data asset can be deemed authentic and reliable to support the efforts for the digitalisation and artificial intelligence-based developments of the public sector. The analysis shows why the availability of authentic and reliable data in terms of the national data asset has outstanding significance. In support of this assertion, it presents the different levels of data asset use, the role of using artificial intelligence in the public sector, and the significance, risks and challenges of the authenticity and reliability of public data, from both a data protection and a public finance aspect. Inaccuracy, unreliability of input data predestines the generation of incorrect result products (conclusion, decision), even if the appropriate algorithm is used, which could lead to direct financial loss, for both the citizens and the state. The authors of the analysis therefore suggest that a paradigm shift is necessary in the strategies targeting the efficient use of the public sector’s data, with the necessity to record the fundamental precondition that the national data asset must be based on reliable and authentic data.
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Bhavani J y Ravichandran S. "Underlying antioxidant activity in the anticonvulsant potency of polyherbal tonic". International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Life Sciences 7, n.º 2 (6 de julio de 2020): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijprls.v7i2.1219.
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Convulsions are the commonest of the symptoms that prevail in the most of the diseases that affect the human nervous system. Almost 1% of the world’s population now suffer from epilepsy as a long-term disease and had been on medication for an extended period of time. There are many investigations and theories advocating that the elevated enzyme activity in the brain and their inability to protect the brain from the free radical generation and normalization will lead to convulsions and seizures. There were investigations that the free radicals were counter acted by the protective enzymes in the brain there by preventing the convulsions. So with this assertion, the enzyme levels of the brain are an indicative for the estimation of the antioxidant extent and there by convulsant activity in the brain. In the current work, the prepared polyherbal tonic was investigated for the antioxidant activity by giving special emphasis to the antiepileptic activity of the herbs used in the tonic. The results proved that the prepared tonic was effective in normalizing the altered levels of enzymes and thereby proving that the antioxidant potency of the herbs helped in displayed the antiepileptic activity too. the tonic was effective at higher dose compared to low dose which shows a dose based antiepileptic activity.
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Lyons, Sean T., Linda Schweitzer y Eddy S. W. Ng. "How have careers changed? An investigation of changing career patterns across four generations". Journal of Managerial Psychology 30, n.º 1 (9 de febrero de 2015): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmp-07-2014-0210.
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Purpose – Popular literature argues that successive generations are experiencing more job changes and changes of employer. The “new careers” literature also proposes that career mobility patterns are becoming more diverse as people engage in more downward and lateral job changes and changes of occupation. The purpose of this paper is to test these assertions by comparing the career mobility patterns across four generations of workers. Design/methodology/approach – The authors analyzed the career mobility patterns of four generations of Canadian professionals (n=2,555): Matures (born prior to 1946); Baby Boomers (1946-1964); Generation Xers (1965-1979) and Millennials (1980 or later). Job mobility, organizational mobility and the direction of job moves were compared across groups through analysis of variance. Findings – Significant differences were observed in job mobility and organizational mobility of the various generations, with younger generations being more mobile. However, despite significant environmental shifts, the diversity of career patterns has not undergone a significant shift from generation to generation. Originality/value – This is the first quantitative study to examine shifting career mobility patterns across all four generations in today’s workplace. The authors extend previous research on generational differences in job mobility by using novel measures of career mobility that are more precise than extant measures.