Artículos de revistas: "Assemblée de notables"

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Volff, Jean. "Dix figures laïques du consistoire d’Alger (1839-1872)". Revue d'histoire du protestantisme 5, n.º 2-3 (18 de diciembre de 2020): 253–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.47421/rhp5_2-3_253-285.

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Institué par ordonnance royale en 1839 le consistoire luthéro-réformé d’Alger comprenait, outre les pasteurs, douze délégués laïcs, choisis parmi les notables protestants de la ville. Longtemps les réformés dominèrent cette assemblée et ce n’est qu’après les réformes de 1859 et de 1867 que les luthériens furent assez nombreux pour compter, puis qu’ils accédèrent à la parité. Dix figures particulièrement remarquables sont évoquées ici à partir des archives de l’Église de la Confession d’Augsbourg et de celles de l’Église protestante d’Algérie. Elles sont assez représentatives de la composition de cet organe ecclésial atypique à l’époque, puisque appartenant officiellement à la fois à l’Église de la Confession d’Augsbourg et à l’Église réformée.

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2

Ilovaïsky, Olga. "La forme des élections aux États Généraux de 1789 vue par l'assemblée du département de Reims à la veille de l'ouverture de la deuxième assemblée des Notables". Annales historiques de la Révolution française 280, n.º 1 (1990): 272–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ahrf.1990.1328.

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Lolo Monney, Happy Rosalie y Léon Yepri. "Règlement de litiges fonciers et rhétorique discursive en pays atchan (en Ébrié en Côte d’Ivoire)". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, n.º 2 (31 de enero de 2022): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n2p67.

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Cet article vise à révéler les grandes composantes de la rhétorique discursive lors du règlement de litiges fonciers en pays atchan (peuple ébrié situé au sud-est de la Côte d’Ivoire). Le jeu des échanges verbaux autour des lois coutumières sont le reflet d’une vision du monde qui met le bien-être communautaire au centre de toute préoccupation. Nous avons utilisé comme technique de recherche qualitative l’observation d’un fait socioculturel. Aussi, avons -nous assisté à une assemblée de notables, pour régler un litige foncier dans le village d’Akoue-djεmɛ. Le déroulé de cette procédure judiciaire coutumière a été transcrit, puis analysé selon l’organisation de la rhétorique discursive. Ce travail a permis de découvrir les trois grandes parties de la séance du règlement dudit conflit. La rhétorique du discours social atchan est faite de jeux intertextuels ponctués par des formules ritualisées et proverbiales. This article aims at showing the major components of the discursive rhetoric during land dispute resolution among the Atchan community (The Ebrie people located in the South west of Cote d’Ivoire). The way of going about the oral communication talking about customary laws truly reflects a world vision that sets the community well-being as the prior preoccupation. The qualitative methodology is the one used. We took part in a gathering of dignitaries solving a land dispute in the Akoue-djεmɛ village. The event of this customary court has been transcribed and analyzed according to the discursive rhetoric organization. This study enabled us to discover the three major components of the sitting. The rhetoric of the Atchan social speech is made up with inter-textual games with rituals and proverbs.

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Rey, Carine, Philippe Veber, Bastien Boussau y Marie Sémon. "CAARS: comparative assembly and annotation of RNA-Seq data". Bioinformatics 35, n.º 13 (19 de noviembre de 2018): 2199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bty903.

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Abstract Motivation RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a widely used approach to obtain transcript sequences in non-model organisms, notably for performing comparative analyses. However, current bioinformatic pipelines do not take full advantage of pre-existing reference data in related species for improving RNA-Seq assembly, annotation and gene family reconstruction. Results We built an automated pipeline named CAARS to combine novel data from RNA-Seq experiments with existing multi-species gene family alignments. RNA-Seq reads are assembled into transcripts by both de novo and assisted assemblies. Then, CAARS incorporates transcripts into gene families, builds gene alignments and trees and uses phylogenetic information to classify the genes as orthologs and paralogs of existing genes. We used CAARS to assemble and annotate RNA-Seq data in rodents and fishes using distantly related genomes as reference, a difficult case for this kind of analysis. We showed CAARS assemblies are more complete and accurate than those assembled by a standard pipeline consisting of de novo assembly coupled with annotation by sequence similarity on a guide species. In addition to annotated transcripts, CAARS provides gene family alignments and trees, annotated with orthology relationships, directly usable for downstream comparative analyses. Availability and implementation CAARS is implemented in Python and Ocaml and is freely available at https://github.com/carinerey/caars. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

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PADILLA, JENNIFER E., MATTHEW J. PATITZ, ROBERT T. SCHWELLER, NADRIAN C. SEEMAN, SCOTT M. SUMMERS y XINGSI ZHONG. "ASYNCHRONOUS SIGNAL PASSING FOR TILE SELF-ASSEMBLY: FUEL EFFICIENT COMPUTATION AND EFFICIENT ASSEMBLY OF SHAPES". International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 25, n.º 04 (junio de 2014): 459–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054114400061.

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In this paper we demonstrate the power of a model of tile self-assembly based on active glues which can dynamically change state. We formulate the Signal-passing Tile Assembly Model (STAM), based on the model of Padilla et al. [24] to be asynchronous, allowing any action of turning a glue on or off, attaching a new tile, or breaking apart an assembly to happen in any order. Within this highly generalized model we provide three new solutions to tile self-assembly problems that have been addressed within the abstract Tile Assembly Model and its variants, showing that signal passing tiles allow for substantial improvement across multiple complexity metrics. Our first result utilizes a recursive assembly process to achieve tile-type efficient assembly of linear structures, using provably fewer tile types than what is possible in standard tile assembly models. Our second system of signal-passing tiles simulates any Turing machine with high fuel efficiency by using only a constant number of tiles per computation step. Our third system assembles the discrete Sierpinski triangle, demonstrating that this pattern can be strictly self-assembled within the STAM. This result is of particular interest in that it is known that this pattern cannot self-assemble within a number of well studied tile self-assembly models. Notably, all of our constructions are at temperature 1, further demonstrating that signal-passing confers the power to bypass many restrictions found in standard tile assembly models.

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Koutseva, Elena Aleksandrovna. "The position of the French aristocracy on the reform projects presented at the Assembly of notables in 1787". Samara Journal of Science 10, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2021): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv2021101209.

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The paper is devoted to the position of the French aristocracy regarding the projects of the Controller General of Finance Calonne, presented for discussion at the Assembly of notables in 1787. The budget deficit by the end of the 80s of 18th century reached over 80 million livres a year, the country was on the verge of an economic crisis. The Controller General of Finance Calonne proposed to the king to convene in 1787 an Assembly of notables, prominent representatives of the French nation, to approve a plan of government reforms. Although the Assembly included notables from the three estates of the kingdom, the aristocracy, which was widely represented in it, played an important role. The titled French nobility at the end of the Old Order still retained influence in the state, thanks to their economic position, social status and positions at court, in the army and in the state apparatus. The Assembly of notables had no legislative force, but Calonne convinced the king that the reform plan approved by the assembly would break the resistance of parliaments and gain the approval of the whole society. The presented reforms affected the interests of the privileged estates, but the government expected that the notables would accept the proposals and vote for the reforms, which according to Calonne contributed to the huge budget deficit, educational ideas about equality, physiocrats projects announced earlier and the chosen composition of notables, many of which were occupied by liberal and pro-government position. The Notables put forward their ideas on taxation and the creation of provincial assemblies and expressed the idea of convening the States General as a body competent to adopt such significant reforms for French society.

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Trapp, Wolfgang, Andreas Heid, Susanne Röder, Franziska Wimmer, Helmar Weiß y Göran Hajak. "“Try to Build This Bunny as Fast as Possible without Using Red or Pink Bricks”: How Simple Assembly Tasks Might Aid in Detecting People with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia". Brain Sciences 13, n.º 12 (8 de diciembre de 2023): 1693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13121693.

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(1) Background: Dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are still underdiagnosed in the general population. Impaired odor identification has been identified as an early marker of MCI and dementia. We aim to investigate whether short tasks, in which simple forms must be assembled from single building blocks based on a template or while considering specific re-strictions, could increase the diagnostic quality of established cognitive screening tests in detecting MCI or dementia. (2) Methods: A brief assembly test, where participants had to assemble simple animal shapes from Lego® Duplo® building blocks, the Frontal Assessment Battery, and the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) were administered to a consecutive series of 197 patients (89 with mild dementia, 62 with mild cognitive impairment, and 46 without cognitive impairment) referred for neuropsychological testing. (3) Results: Both participants with dementia and with MCI performed badly in the assembly tasks. The assembly tasks and the Frontal Assessment Battery were substantially correlated. Complementing MMSE scores with the assembly tasks improved the diagnostic accuracy of individuals with dementia and MCI. (4) Conclusions: People with suspected dementia or MCI may already benefit from simple assembly tasks. Although these tests require little additional time, they can notably increase sensitivity for dementia or MCI.

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Chen, Jing, Na Li, Lin Li, Chongling Wang, Dongxue Han y Tifeng Jiao. "Construction of Amphiphilic Indocyanine–Green–Based Langmuir Film and Drop–Casting Film with Photoelectric Conversion Properties". Coatings 13, n.º 8 (14 de agosto de 2023): 1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13081423.

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Molecular self–assembly is the automatic formation of functional assemblies of different structural components through weak, reversible, non–covalent interactions on the basis of molecular recognition. Amphiphilic molecules have a natural advantage in self–assembly at the gas/liquid interface. In this work, two amphiphilic molecules with a special molecular structure, indocyanine green (ICG) and a derivative of indocyanine green (CCS), were combined with two dye molecules (tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonic acid hydrate (TPPS) and nickel (II) phthalocyanine–tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (TsNiPc) for self–assembly through the Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) technique. The nanostructure and assembly behavior in ordered self–assembled films are effectively regulated by inducing dye molecules to form different types of aggregates (H– and J–aggregates). In addition, we prepared composite films containing the same functional components using the conventional drop–casting technique and performed a series of comparative experiments with LB films. The degree of hydrophilicity was found to be related to roughness, with LB composite films being flatter and denser, with the lowest roughness and the best hydrophobicity compared to drop–casting films. Notably, the LB films showed better optoelectronic properties under the same conditions, providing new clues for the application of optoelectronic functional ultrathin film devices.

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Azizpour, Nadia, Sevil Nematollahi, Reza Khakvar, Manizheh Jamshidi y Mohammad Hossein Norouzi-Beirami. "Identification of Endophytic Microbiota of Phytoplasma-Infected Russian Olive Trees “Elaeagnus angustifolia L.” in the Northwest of Iran". Forests 13, n.º 10 (13 de octubre de 2022): 1684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13101684.

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In this study, Russian olive trees exhibiting witches’-broom symptoms were collected from urban green areas in Tabriz, in the northwest of Iran. PCR analysis confirmed that phytoplasma caused the disease and, according to the resulting Sanger sequencing electropherogram, a mixed infection with two or more phytoplasma species within the Russian olive trees was revealed. Next-generation sequencing analyses, using the Illumina method, were performed on total DNA from the infected Russian olive plants to recognize the microbial genomic content and assemble the whole genome of the causative pathogen(s). The use of MetaphlAn2 and Kraken2 to analyze species composition revealed the very diverse and unique compositions of different Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic species within the infected plants. Several bacteria and fungi were discovered inside the samples, among which Mycoplasmatota was significantly dominating. Interestingly, the results also revealed a high level of endosymbiotic bacteria and Archaea (Methanobacteria) genome contents within the samples. Bowtie2, metaSPAdes, and CD-HIT pipelines were used to perform the initial genome assembly, and the whole genome of the notable phytoplasma species was assembled and submitted to Genbank.

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Kumar, Animesh, Espen M. Robertsen, Nils P. Willassen, Juan Fu y Erik Hjerde. "Comparative analysis of HiSeq3000 and BGISEQ-500 sequencing platform over whole genome sequencing metagenomics data". Genomics & Informatics 21, n.º 4 (31 de diciembre de 2023): e49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5808/gi.23072.

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Recent advances in sequencing technologies and platforms have enabled to generate metagenomics sequences using different sequencing platforms. In this study, we analyzed and compared shotgun metagenomic sequences generated by HiSeq3000 and BGISEQ-500 platforms from 12 sediment samples collected across the Norwegian coast. Metagenomics DNA sequences were normalized to an equal number of bases for both platforms and further evaluated by using different taxonomic classifiers, reference databases, and assemblers. Normalized BGISEQ-500 sequences retained more reads and base counts after preprocessing, while a slightly higher fraction of HiSeq3000 sequences were taxonomically classified. Kaiju classified a higher percentage of reads relative to Kraken2 for both platforms, and comparison of reference database for taxonomic classification showed that MAR database outperformed RefSeq. Assembly using MEGAHIT produced longer assemblies and higher total contigs count in majority of HiSeq3000 samples than using metaSPAdes, but the assembly statistics notably improved with unprocessed or normalized reads. Our results indicate that both platforms perform comparably in terms of the percentage of taxonomically classified reads and assembled contig statistics for metagenomics samples. This study provides valuable insights for researchers in selecting an appropriate sequencing platform and bioinformatics pipeline for their metagenomics studies.

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Whitehead, Paul F. "A notable humanly compromised Worcestershire floodplain entomofauna". Entomologist's Gazette 73, n.º 2 (29 de abril de 2022): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31184/g00138894.732.1843.

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A floodplain agroecosystem historic relict was identified in the valley of the Worcestershire River Severn during 2016. The 2ha site comprised more or less unmanaged locally rabbitgrazed grassland with diverse forbs, open marsh drains, marl pits, open-grown veteran Pedunculate Oak trees Quercus robur L. and marginal scrub. It supported historical indicator species of insect including several fastidious species unknown elsewhere in the primary drainage of the English Midlands. This historic assemblage was abruptly disrupted by human intervention.

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Whitehead, Paul F. "A notable humanly compromised Worcestershire floodplain entomofauna". Entomologist's Gazette 73, n.º 2 (29 de abril de 2022): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31184/g00138894.732.1843.

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A floodplain agroecosystem historic relict was identified in the valley of the Worcestershire River Severn during 2016. The 2ha site comprised more or less unmanaged locally rabbitgrazed grassland with diverse forbs, open marsh drains, marl pits, open-grown veteran Pedunculate Oak trees Quercus robur L. and marginal scrub. It supported historical indicator species of insect including several fastidious species unknown elsewhere in the primary drainage of the English Midlands. This historic assemblage was abruptly disrupted by human intervention.

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13

Jackman, Shaun D., Lauren Coombe, René L. Warren, Heather Kirk, Eva Trinh, Tina MacLeod, Stephen Pleasance et al. "Complete Mitochondrial Genome of a Gymnosperm, Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis), Indicates a Complex Physical Structure". Genome Biology and Evolution 12, n.º 7 (25 de mayo de 2020): 1174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaa108.

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Abstract Plant mitochondrial genomes vary widely in size. Although many plant mitochondrial genomes have been sequenced and assembled, the vast majority are of angiosperms, and few are of gymnosperms. Most plant mitochondrial genomes are smaller than a megabase, with a few notable exceptions. We have sequenced and assembled the complete 5.5-Mb mitochondrial genome of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), to date, one of the largest mitochondrial genomes of a gymnosperm. We sequenced the whole genome using Oxford Nanopore MinION, and then identified contigs of mitochondrial origin assembled from these long reads based on sequence homology to the white spruce mitochondrial genome. The assembly graph shows a multipartite genome structure, composed of one smaller 168-kb circular segment of DNA, and a larger 5.4-Mb single component with a branching structure. The assembly graph gives insight into a putative complex physical genome structure, and its branching points may represent active sites of recombination.

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Wei, Peilin, Yu Duan, Chen Wang, Panpan Sun y Na Sun. "Co-Assembled Supramolecular Organohydrogels of Amphiphilic Zwitterion and Polyoxometalate with Controlled Microstructures". Molecules 29, n.º 10 (12 de mayo de 2024): 2286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29102286.

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The organization of modifiable and functional building components into various superstructures is of great interest due to their broad applications. Supramolecular self-assembly, based on rationally designed building blocks and appropriately utilized driving forces, is a promising and widely used strategy for constructing superstructures with well-defined nanostructures and diverse morphologies across multiple length scales. In this study, two homogeneous organohydrogels with distinct appearances were constructed by simply mixing polyoxometalate (phosphomolybdic acid, HPMo) and a double-tailed zwitterionic quaternary ammonium amphiphile in a binary solvent of water and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The delicate balance between electrostatic attraction and repulsion of anionic HPMo clusters and zwitterionic structures drove them to co-assemble into homogeneous organohydrogels with diverse microstructures. Notably, the morphologies of the organohydrogels, including unilamellar vesicles, onion-like vesicles, and spherical aggregates, can be controlled by adjusting the ionic interactions between the zwitterionic amphiphiles and phosphomolybdic acid clusters. Furthermore, we observed an organohydrogel fabricated with densely stacked onion-like structures (multilamellar vesicles) consisting of more than a dozen layers at certain proportions. Additionally, the relationships between the self-assembled architectures and the intermolecular interactions among the polyoxometalate, zwitterionic amphiphile, and solvent molecules were elucidated. This study offers valuable insights into the mechanisms of polyoxometalate-zwitterionic amphiphile co-assembly, which are essential for the development of materials with specific structures and emerging functionalities.

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JOURDAN, ANNIE. "Les Assemblées des notables et les témoins étrangers de séjour à Paris (1786–1789)". Parliaments, Estates and Representation 29, n.º 1 (enero de 2009): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02606755.2009.9522298.

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Della Pia, A., D. Luo, R. Blackwell, G. Costantini y N. Martsinovich. "Molecular self-assembly of substituted terephthalic acids at the liquid/solid interface: investigating the effect of solvent". Faraday Discussions 204 (2017): 191–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7fd00112f.

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Self-assembly of three related molecules – terephthalic acid and its hydroxylated analogues – at liquid/solid interfaces (graphite/heptanoic acid and graphite/1-phenyloctane) has been studied using a combination of scanning tunnelling microscopy and molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics calculations. Brickwork-like patterns typical for terephthalic acid self-assembly have been observed for all three molecules. However, several differences became apparent: (i) formation or lack of adsorbed monolayers (self-assembled monolayers formed in all systems, with one notable exception of terephthalic acid at the graphite/1-phenyloctane interface where no adsorption was observed), (ii) the size of adsorbate islands (large islands at the interface with heptanoic acid and smaller ones at the interface with 1-phenyloctane), and (iii) polymorphism of the hydroxylated terephthalic acids’ monolayers, dependent on the molecular structure and/or solvent. To rationalise this behaviour, molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics calculations have been performed, to analyse the three key aspects of the energetics of self-assembly: intermolecular, substrate–adsorbate and solvent–solute interactions. These energetic characteristics of self-assembly were brought together in a Born–Haber cycle, to obtain the overall energy effects of formation of self-assembled monolayers at these liquid/solid interfaces.

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Uren, Rachel T., Sweta Iyer y Ruth M. Kluck. "Pore formation by dimeric Bak and Bax: an unusual pore?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, n.º 1726 (19 de junio de 2017): 20160218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0218.

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Apoptotic cell death via the mitochondrial pathway occurs in all vertebrate cells and requires the formation of pores in the mitochondrial outer membrane. Two Bcl-2 protein family members, Bak and Bax, form these pores during apoptosis, and how they do so has been investigated for the last two decades. Many of the conformation changes that occur during their transition to pore-forming proteins have now been delineated. Notably, biochemical, biophysical and structural studies indicate that symmetric homodimers are the basic unit of pore formation. Each dimer contains an extended hydrophobic surface that lies on the outer membrane, and is anchored at either end by a transmembrane domain. Membrane-remodelling events such as positive membrane curvature have been reported to accompany apoptotic pore formation, suggesting Bak and Bax form lipidic pores rather than proteinaceous pores. However, it remains unclear how symmetric dimers assemble to porate the membrane. Here, we review how clusters of dimers and their lipid-mediated interactions provide a molecular explanation for the heterogeneous assemblies of Bak and Bax observed during apoptosis. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Membrane pores: from structure and assembly, to medicine and technology’.

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Capocefalo, Angela, Thomas Bizien, Simona Sennato, Neda Ghofraniha, Federico Bordi y Francesco Brasili. "Responsivity of Fractal Nanoparticle Assemblies to Multiple Stimuli: Structural Insights on the Modulation of the Optical Properties". Nanomaterials 12, n.º 9 (1 de mayo de 2022): 1529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12091529.

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Multi-responsive nanomaterials based on the self-limited assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles are of great interest due to their widespread employment in sensing applications. We present a thorough investigation of a hybrid nanomaterial based on the protein-mediated aggregation of gold nanoparticles at varying protein concentration, pH and temperature. By combining Small Angle X-ray Scattering with extinction spectroscopy, we are able to frame the morphological features of the formed fractal aggregates in a theoretical model based on patchy interactions. Based on this, we established the main factors that determine the assembly process and their strong correlation with the optical properties of the assemblies. Moreover, the calibration curves that we obtained for each parameter investigated based on the extinction spectra point out to the notable flexibility of this nanomaterial, enabling the selection of different working ranges with high sensitivity. Our study opens for the rational tuning of the morphology and the optical properties of plasmonic assemblies to design colorimetric sensors with improved performances.

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Okamoto, Kenichi, Nichole Dopkins y Elias Kinfu. "A draft genome sequence of the common, or spectacled caiman Caiman crocodilus". F1000Research 10 (2 de diciembre de 2021): 1230. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.73066.1.

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The common, or spectacled, caiman Caiman crocodilus is an abundant, widely distributed Neotropical crocodilian exhibiting notable morphological and molecular diversification. The species also accounts by far for the largest share of crocodilian hides on the global market, with the C. crocodilus hide trade alone valued at about US$86.5 million per year. We obtained 239,911,946 paired-end reads comprising approximately 72 G bases using IlluminaTM sequencing of tissue sampled from a single Caiman crocodilus individual. These reads were de-novo assembled and progressively aligned against the genomes of increasingly related crocodilians; liftoff was used to annotate the draft C. crocodilus genome assembly based on an Alligator mississipiensis (a confamilial species) annotation. The draft assembly has been submitted to the National Center for Biotechnology Information and both assembly and annotation are currently available for review at doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4755063

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Armstrong, Kathleen, Linda Pavonetti, Junko Yokota, Terrell Young, Barbara Lehman y Richard Kerper. "Reading Corner for Children: 2003 Notable Children’s Books in the Language Arts". Language Arts 81, n.º 4 (1 de marzo de 2004): 336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/la20042912.

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Šuňal, Martin, Jaroslav Kopčan, Denis Benka, Tomáš Kulhánek y Jan Jandík. "Batérie druhej životnosti a systém správy batérií". Technológ 15, n.º 5 (2023): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/tech.c.2023.5.6.

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As electromobility continues to advance, there is a growing production of batteries that will eventually require recycling. One potential recycling approach involves repurposing worn yet still operational batteries in energy storage systems, providing them with a renewed functionality. Every battery assembly mandates a Battery Management System (BMS) to ensure proper and secure functionality. In the case of recycled cells, the BMS system becomes more intricate due to notable disparities in wear and, consequently, in parameters among the cells. Hence, active balancing of each cell within the assembly becomes imperative in such a setup. Furthermore, enhanced safety precautions are essential for such assemblies. The entire system must be scalable and adaptable to different numbers and configurations of battery cells from electric vehicles of various manufacturers.

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Wu, Changzheng y Yi Xie. "A New Synergic-Assembly Strategy Towards Three-Dimensional (3D) Hollow Nanoarchitectures". Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, n.º 12 (1 de diciembre de 2008): 6208–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.457.

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Large-scale synthesis and assembly of meso-, micro- and nanostructured building blocks with the desired orientations are of great interest for the next-generation nanoarchitecture design. On the consideration that the traditional synthetic methodologies for nanostructures often produce tangled nanounits, how to align the nanounits into the ordered orientation at high production yield is a great challenge to current methods. The present review describes a facile and controllable way to grow and assemble the 3D hollow nanoarchitectures, with the utilization of the synergic effects of hollowing process from the self-produced templates and the highly anisotropic growth of nanounits of the target materials in one-pot reaction. In this process, the building block nanounits spontaneously in-situ form owing to their highly anisotropic internal structure, while the self-produced templates act as the supporter and growth-direction guidance for the in-situ formed nanounits. Therefore, the whole assembly process is simple, controllable and without the complicated manipulations. Herein, in the light of the different kinds of self-produced templates involved in the assembly process, recent developments based on the new synergic-assembly strategy are reviewed according to the classifications: (1) self-produced gas bubble template strategy; (2) self-produced homogeneous solid template strategy; (3) self-produced heterogeneous solid template strategy. Notably, the synergic-assembly methodology described in this review provides a newly essential way to construct and assemble nanoarchitectures facilely and controllably, and is also a crucial step for the next-generation of nanoarchitecture design in the near future. In conclusion, the challenges and prospects for the future are discussed.

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Wang, Ying, Juntao Zhang, Zhanwei Li, Ruijun Liang, Rupeng Zhu y Hui Ma. "Mesh Characteristic Analysis of Spiral Bevel Gear Pairs Considering Assembly Errors and Tooth Tip Chipping Faults". Applied Sciences 14, n.º 8 (11 de abril de 2024): 3227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14083227.

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Due to machining errors, location inaccuracies, human error, and various other factors, it is challenging to avoid assembly errors during the production of spiral bevel gears (SBGs). When SBG assembly errors occur, it can cause the appearance of edge contact and may even lead to severe tooth tip chipping. In this study, we propose an improved method based on loaded tooth contact analysis (LTCA) to examine mesh characteristics, including time-varying mesh stiffness (TVMS), unloaded transmission error, and contact stress. Furthermore, we explore the effects of assembly errors and tooth tip chipping. Moreover, it is observed that assembly errors can alter the contact area of SBGs and potentially reduce the peak-to-peak value of TVMS. Additionally, the occurrence of tooth tip chipping decreases TVMS within the chipping region, lowers transmission error, and increases maximum contact stress. Notably, when assembly errors are present, the reduction in TVMS due to tooth tip chipping exceeds that of a properly assembled SBG pair.

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Cook, Todd D., Eric Brown, Patricia E. Ralrick y Takuya Konishi. "A late Campanian euselachian assemblage from the Bearpaw Formation of Alberta, Canada: some notable range extensions". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 54, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2017): 973–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2016-0233.

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Herein, we report an euselachian assemblage from the late Campanian Bearpaw Formation recovered from southern Alberta, Canada. This small yet uniquely diverse fauna includes the northernmost occurrences of Paraorthacodus andersoni, Squalus worlandensis, Odontaspis aculeatus, and Archaeotriakis ornatus within the Western Interior Seaway. It also constitutes the first record of P. andersoni, S. worlandensis, and A. ornatus from Canadian deposits. Moreover, we report the stratigraphically youngest record of Cretoxyrhina mantelli. This assemblage is unique in that all the identifiable euselachian species are either pelagic or benthopelagic but not benthic. This is in stark contrast to the batoid-rich euselachian assemblage of the Lethbridge Coal Zone that immediately underlies the Bearpaw Formation in southern Alberta. We attribute this difference to dysoxic bottom waters during the deposition of the formation, rather than to sampling bias.

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25

Tan, Monica Bernard, Alexandre N. Sobolev, Colin L. Raston, Scott J. Dalgarno y Irene Ling. "Interplay of Ionic Species in Salts of Homoleptic Quaternary Phosphonium Cations Bearing Linear Biphenyl Moieties". Crystals 13, n.º 1 (29 de diciembre de 2022): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13010059.

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Quaternary phosphonium salts are popular candidates used in many chemical transformations and synthetic chemistry, notably in catalysis. We have examined the single crystals of two bulky phosphonium compounds, tetra([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl) phosphonium dicyanamide (C48H36P+·N(CN)2−, compound 1), and tetra([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl) phosphonium bromide hydrate (C48H36P+·Br−, CH3CN, H2O, compound 2), and herein report the structural properties for the compounds with an emphasis on the influence of the ion-ion interaction towards self-assembly; the overall self-assembly for both structures is very similar, with subtle differences in the cell parameters. The symmetrical tetra ([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl) phosphonium cations in both compounds self-assembled to form robust stacked columns in the solid-state, with voids occupied by anions or solvent molecules. Quantitative examination of intermolecular interactions using Hirshfeld surface analysis found that classical and non-classical hydrogen bonding appears to be the dominant contributor in stabilizing the self-assembly in both cases. The present work can not only benefit in understanding the mutual interaction between the sterically encumbered tetra ([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl) phosphonium cations and between counterions, but also provide insights for the self-assembled arrays in the solid-state.

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26

Öllinger, Rupert, Manfred Alsheimer y Ricardo Benavente. "Mammalian Protein SCP1 Forms Synaptonemal Complex-like Structures in the Absence of Meiotic Chromosomes". Molecular Biology of the Cell 16, n.º 1 (enero de 2005): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e04-09-0771.

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Synaptonemal complexes (SCs) are evolutionary conserved, meiosis-specific structures that play a central role in synapsis of homologous chromosomes, chiasmata distribution, and chromosome segregation. However, it is still for the most part unclear how SCs do assemble during meiotic prophase. Major components of mammalian SCs are the meiosis-specific proteins SCP1, 2, and 3. To investigate the role of SCP1 in SC assembly, we expressed SCP1 in a heterologous system, i.e., in COS-7 cells that normally do not express SC proteins. Notably, under these experimental conditions SCP1 is able to form structures that closely resemble SCs (i.e., polycomplexes). Moreover, we show that mutations that modify the length of the central α-helical domain of SCP1 influence the width of polycomplexes. Finally, we demonstrate that deletions of the nonhelical N- or C-termini both affect polycomplex assembly, although in a different manner. We conclude that SCP1 is a primary determinant of SC assembly that plays a key role in synapsis of homologous chromosomes.

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27

Bianchi, Sarah, Kacper B. Rogala, Nicola J. Dynes, Manuel Hilbert, Sebastian A. Leidel, Michel O. Steinmetz, Pierre Gönczy y Ioannis Vakonakis. "Interaction between the Caenorhabditis elegans centriolar protein SAS-5 and microtubules facilitates organelle assembly". Molecular Biology of the Cell 29, n.º 6 (15 de marzo de 2018): 722–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e17-06-0412.

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Centrioles are microtubule-based organelles that organize the microtubule network and seed the formation of cilia and flagella. New centrioles assemble through a stepwise process dependent notably on the centriolar protein SAS-5 in Caenorhabditis elegans. SAS-5 and its functional homologues in other species form oligomers that bind the centriolar proteins SAS-6 and SAS-4, thereby forming an evolutionarily conserved structural core at the onset of organelle assembly. Here, we report a novel interaction of SAS-5 with microtubules. Microtubule binding requires SAS-5 oligomerization and a disordered protein segment that overlaps with the SAS-4 binding site. Combined in vitro and in vivo analysis of select mutants reveals that the SAS-5–microtubule interaction facilitates centriole assembly in C. elegans embryos. Our findings lead us to propose that the interdependence of SAS-5 oligomerization and microtubule binding reflects an avidity mechanism, which also strengthens SAS-5 associations with other centriole components and, thus, promotes organelle assembly.

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28

Doré, Guillaume, Dominique Barloy y Frédérique Barloy-Hubler. "De Novo Hybrid Assembly Unveils Multi-Chromosomal Mitochondrial Genomes in Ludwigia Species, Highlighting Genomic Recombination, Gene Transfer, and RNA Editing Events". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, n.º 13 (2 de julio de 2024): 7283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137283.

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Biological invasions have been identified as the fifth cause of biodiversity loss, and their subsequent dispersal represents a major ecological challenge. The aquatic invasive species Ludwigia grandiflora subsp. hexapetala (Lgh) and Ludwigia peploides subsp. montevidensis (Lpm) are largely distributed in aquatic environments in North America and in Europe. However, they also present worrying terrestrial forms that are able to colonize wet meadows. To comprehend the mechanisms of the terrestrial adaptation of Lgh and Lpm, it is necessary to develop their genomic resources, which are currently poorly documented. We performed de novo assembly of the mitogenomes of Lgh and Lpm through hybrid assemblies, combining short reads (SR) and/or long reads (LR) before annotating both mitogenomes. We successfully assembled the mitogenomes of Lgh and Lpm into two circular molecules each, resulting in a combined total length of 711,578 bp and 722,518 bp, respectively. Notably, both the Lgh and Lpm molecules contained plastome-origin sequences, comprising 7.8% of the mitochondrial genome length. Additionally, we identified recombinations that were mediated by large repeats, suggesting the presence of multiple alternative conformations. In conclusion, our study presents the first high-quality mitogenomes of Lpm and Lgh, which are the only ones in the Myrtales order found as two circular molecules.

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29

Shovlin, J. "Overture to Revolution: The 1787 Assembly of Notables and the Crisis of France's Old Regime". French History 26, n.º 4 (29 de septiembre de 2012): 561–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fh/crs103.

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30

Livesey, J. "Overture to Revolution: The 1787 Assembly of Notables and the Crisis of France's Old Regime". French Studies 66, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 2012): 565–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/kns207.

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31

Mendoza-Topaz, Carolina, Juliusz Mieszczanek y Mariann Bienz. "The Adenomatous polyposis coli tumour suppressor is essential for Axin complex assembly and function and opposes Axin's interaction with Dishevelled". Open Biology 1, n.º 3 (noviembre de 2011): 110013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.110013.

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Most cases of colorectal cancer are linked to mutational inactivation of the Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumour suppressor. APC downregulates Wnt signalling by enabling Axin to promote the degradation of the Wnt signalling effector β-catenin (Armadillo in flies). This depends on Axin's DIX domain whose polymerization allows it to form dynamic protein assemblies (‘degradasomes’). Axin is inactivated upon Wnt signalling, by heteropolymerization with the DIX domain of Dishevelled, which recruits it into membrane-associated ‘signalosomes’. How APC promotes Axin's function is unclear, especially as it has been reported that APC's function can be bypassed by overexpression of Axin. Examining apc null mutant Drosophila tissues, we discovered that APC is required for Axin degradasome assembly, itself essential for Armadillo downregulation. Degradasome assembly is also attenuated in APC mutant cancer cells. Notably, Axin becomes prone to Dishevelled-dependent plasma membrane recruitment in the absence of APC, indicating a crucial role of APC in opposing the interaction of Axin with Dishevelled. Indeed, co-expression experiments reveal that APC displaces Dishevelled from Axin assemblies, promoting degradasome over signalosome formation in the absence of Wnts. APC thus empowers Axin to function in two ways—by enabling its DIX-dependent self-assembly, and by opposing its DIX-dependent copolymerization with Dishevelled and consequent inactivation.

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32

Yu, Yik Y. L., H¯eth R. Turnquist, Nancy B. Myers, Ganesaratnam K. Balendiran, Ted H. Hansen y Joyce C. Solheim. "An Extensive Region of an MHC Class I α2 Domain Loop Influences Interaction with the Assembly Complex". Journal of Immunology 163, n.º 8 (15 de octubre de 1999): 4427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.163.8.4427.

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Abstract Presentation of antigenic peptides to CTLs at the cell surface first requires assembly of MHC class I with peptide and β2-microglobulin in the endoplasmic reticulum. This process involves an assembly complex of several proteins, including TAP, tapasin, and calreticulin, all of which associate specifically with the β2-microglobulin-assembled, open form of the class I heavy chain. To better comprehend at a molecular level the regulation of class I assembly, we have assessed the influence of multiple individual amino acid substitutions in the MHC class I α2 domain on interaction with TAP, tapasin, and calreticulin. In this report, we present evidence indicating that many residues surrounding position 134 in H-2Ld influence interaction with assembly complex components. Most mutations decreased association, but one (LdK131D) strongly increased it. The Ld mutants, with the exception of LdK131D, exhibited characteristics suggesting suboptimal intracellular peptide loading, similar to the phenotype of Ld expressed in a tapasin-deficient cell line. Notably, K131D was less peptide inducible than wild-type Ld, which is consistent with its unusually strong association with the endoplasmic reticulum assembly complex.

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33

Mathis, Janelle, April Bedford, Mary Lee Hahn, Mary Napoli, Jonda C. McNair, Kathy G. Short y Quinn White. "Children’s Literature Reviews: 2010 Notable Children’s Books in the Language Arts". Language Arts 88, n.º 4 (1 de enero de 2011): 315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/la201113556.

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The Notable Children’s Books in the Language Arts Committee of the Children’s Literature Assembly reviews the 2010 award-winning list of 30 books chosen as notable for K–8 classrooms. The list is a blend of genres, reading levels, inviting formats, and intriguing topics that share selected criteria. These criteria, in addition to exemplifying the generally accepted traits of quality literature, ensure that books: deal explicitly with language, such as plays on words, word origins, or uniqueness in the use of language or style; invite child response or participation; present an appealing format; and exemplify enduring quality.

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34

DeMay, Bradley S., Rebecca A. Meseroll, Patricia Occhipinti y Amy S. Gladfelter. "Regulation of Distinct Septin Rings in a Single Cell by Elm1p and Gin4p Kinases". Molecular Biology of the Cell 20, n.º 8 (15 de abril de 2009): 2311–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e08-12-1169.

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Septins are conserved, GTP-binding proteins that assemble into higher order structures, including filaments and rings with varied cellular functions. Using four-dimensional quantitative fluorescence microscopy of Ashbya gossypii fungal cells, we show that septins can assemble into morphologically distinct classes of rings that vary in dimensions, intensities, and positions within a single cell. Notably, these different classes coexist and persist for extended times, similar in appearance and behavior to septins in mammalian neurons and cultured cells. We demonstrate that new septin proteins can add through time to assembled rings, indicating that septins may continue to polymerize during ring maturation. Different classes of rings do not arise from the presence or absence of specific septin subunits and ring maintenance does not require the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. Instead, morphological and behavioral differences in the rings require the Elm1p and Gin4p kinases. This work demonstrates that distinct higher order septin structures form within one cell because of the action of specific kinases.

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35

Yang, Shuji, Yonglei Zhang, Ti Chen, Hao Wen y Dongping Jin. "Assembly Strategy for Modular Components Using a Dual-Arm Space Robot with Flexible Appendages". Aerospace 9, n.º 12 (13 de diciembre de 2022): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9120819.

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Space robotic systems tend to be more flexible and equipped with some appendages, such as solar panels and communication antennas. The inevitable vibration in the flexible appendage will occur during space missions, and it in turn affects the attitude of the rigid base due to coupling dynamics. This study develops an assembly scheme for a dual-arm space robot with flexible appendages to assemble two modular components and to minimize the disturbance force caused by the manipulators to the base and flexible appendages. The assembly strategy consists of two stages, a preassembly stage which transports the two components to desired relative states, and a trajectory tracking stage to achieve the final assembly. In the first stage, based on a relative Jacobian matrix in the base frame, an optimal objective function is formulated in terms of the relative position and attitude errors between the two components. Thereby, more freedom of manipulators is released for minimizing disturbance forces. Notably, two virtual points are created to describe the relative position between the two components. In the second stage, two components are driven to follow a relative trajectory for the final assembly with an unchanged relative attitude. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed assembly strategy.

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36

Zhu, Xiaorong, Richard McVeigh y Bijan K. Ghosh. "Interrelationship of the cellular distribution and secretion of regular structure (RS) protein in Bacillus licheniformis nm 105". Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, n.º 1 (agosto de 1992): 712–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100123969.

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A mutant of Bacillus licheniformis 749/C, NM 105 exhibits some notable properties, e.g., arrest of alkaline phosphatase secretion and overexpression and hypersecretion of RS protein. Although RS is known to be widely distributed in many microbes, it is rarely found, with a few exceptions, in laboratory cultures of microorganisms. RS protein is a structural protein and has the unusual properties to form aggregate. This characteristic may have been responsible for the self assembly of RS into regular tetragonal structures. Another uncommon characteristic of RS is that enhanced synthesis and secretion which occurs when the cells cease to grow. Assembled RS protein with a tetragonal structure is not seen inside cells at any stage of cell growth including cells in the stationary phase of growth. Gel electrophoresis of the culture supernatant shows a very large amount of RS protein in the stationary culture of the B. licheniformis. It seems, Therefore, that the RS protein is cotranslationally secreted and self assembled on the envelope surface.

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37

Amoutzias, Grigorios D., Marios Nikolaidis y Andrew Hesketh. "The Notable Achievements and the Prospects of Bacterial Pathogen Genomics". Microorganisms 10, n.º 5 (17 de mayo de 2022): 1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10051040.

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Throughout the entirety of human history, bacterial pathogens have played an important role and even shaped the fate of civilizations. The application of genomics within the last 27 years has radically changed the way we understand the biology and evolution of these pathogens. In this review, we discuss how the short- (Illumina) and long-read (PacBio, Oxford Nanopore) sequencing technologies have shaped the discipline of bacterial pathogen genomics, in terms of fundamental research (i.e., evolution of pathogenicity), forensics, food safety, and routine clinical microbiology. We have mined and discuss some of the most prominent data/bioinformatics resources such as NCBI pathogens, PATRIC, and Pathogenwatch. Based on this mining, we present some of the most popular sequencing technologies, hybrid approaches, assemblers, and annotation pipelines. A small number of bacterial pathogens are of very high importance, and we also present the wealth of the genomic data for these species (i.e., which ones they are, the number of antimicrobial resistance genes per genome, the number of virulence factors). Finally, we discuss how this discipline will probably be transformed in the near future, especially by transitioning into metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), thanks to long-read sequencing.

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38

Ren, Lijuan, Erik Jeppesen, Dan He, Jianjun Wang, Lone Liboriussen, Peng Xing y Qinglong L. Wu. "pH Influences the Importance of Niche-Related and Neutral Processes in Lacustrine Bacterioplankton Assembly". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, n.º 9 (27 de febrero de 2015): 3104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.04042-14.

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ABSTRACTpH is an important factor that shapes the structure of bacterial communities. However, we have very limited information about the patterns and processes by which overall bacterioplankton communities assemble across wide pH gradients in natural freshwater lakes. Here, we used pyrosequencing to analyze the bacterioplankton communities in 25 discrete freshwater lakes in Denmark with pH levels ranging from 3.8 to 8.8. We found that pH was the key factor impacting lacustrine bacterioplankton community assembly. More acidic lakes imposed stronger environmental filtering, which decreased the richness and evenness of bacterioplankton operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and largely shifted community composition. Although environmental filtering was determined to be the most important determinant of bacterioplankton community assembly, the importance of neutral assembly processes must also be considered, notably in acidic lakes, where the species (OTU) diversity was low. We observed that the strong effect of environmental filtering in more acidic lakes was weakened by the enhanced relative importance of neutral community assembly, and bacterioplankton communities tended to be less phylogenetically clustered in more acidic lakes. In summary, we propose that pH is a major environmental determinant in freshwater lakes, regulating the relative importance and interplay between niche-related and neutral processes and shaping the patterns of freshwater lake bacterioplankton biodiversity.

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39

Razi, Aida, Joseph H. Davis, Yumeng Hao, Dushyant Jahagirdar, Brett Thurlow, Kaustuv Basu, Nikhil Jain et al. "Role of Era in assembly and homeostasis of the ribosomal small subunit". Nucleic Acids Research 47, n.º 15 (2 de julio de 2019): 8301–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz571.

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AbstractAssembly factors provide speed and directionality to the maturation process of the 30S subunit in bacteria. To gain a more precise understanding of how these proteins mediate 30S maturation, it is important to expand on studies of 30S assembly intermediates purified from bacterial strains lacking particular maturation factors. To reveal the role of the essential protein Era in the assembly of the 30S ribosomal subunit, we analyzed assembly intermediates that accumulated in Era-depleted Escherichia coli cells using quantitative mass spectrometry, high resolution cryo-electron microscopy and in-cell footprinting. Our combined approach allowed for visualization of the small subunit as it assembled and revealed that with the exception of key helices in the platform domain, all other 16S rRNA domains fold even in the absence of Era. Notably, the maturing particles did not stall while waiting for the platform domain to mature and instead re-routed their folding pathway to enable concerted maturation of other structural motifs spanning multiple rRNA domains. We also found that binding of Era to the mature 30S subunit destabilized helix 44 and the decoding center preventing binding of YjeQ, another assembly factor. This work establishes Era’s role in ribosome assembly and suggests new roles in maintaining ribosome homeostasis.

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40

Déplanche, Nicolas. "John Hardman, Overture to Revolution, The 1787 Assembly of Notables and the Crisis of France’s Old Regime". Annales historiques de la Révolution française, n.º 365 (1 de septiembre de 2011): 214–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/ahrf.12176.

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41

Thorp, Edward B., Joseph A. Boscarino, Hillary L. Logan, Jeffrey T. Goletz y Thomas M. Gallagher. "Palmitoylations on Murine Coronavirus Spike Proteins Are Essential for Virion Assembly and Infectivity". Journal of Virology 80, n.º 3 (1 de febrero de 2006): 1280–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.80.3.1280-1289.2006.

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ABSTRACT Coronavirus spike (S) proteins are palmitoylated at several cysteine residues clustered near their transmembrane-spanning domains. This is achieved by cellular palmitoyl acyltransferases (PATs), which can modify newly synthesized S proteins before they are assembled into virion envelopes at the intermediate compartment of the exocytic pathway. To address the importance of these fatty acylations to coronavirus infection, we exposed infected cells to 2-bromopalmitate (2-BP), a specific PAT inhibitor. 2-BP profoundly reduced the specific infectivities of murine coronaviruses at very low, nontoxic doses that were inert to alphavirus and rhabdovirus infections. 2-BP effected only two- to fivefold reductions in S palmitoylation, yet this correlated with reduced S complexing with virion membrane (M) proteins and consequent exclusion of S from virions. At defined 2-BP doses, underpalmitoylated S proteins instead trafficked to infected cell surfaces and elicited cell-cell membrane fusions, suggesting that the acyl chain adducts are more critical to virion assembly than to S-induced syncytial developments. These studies involving pharmacologic inhibition of S protein palmitoylation were complemented with molecular genetic analyses in which cysteine acylation substrates were mutated. Notably, some mutations (C1347F and C1348S) did not interfere with S incorporation into virions, indicating that only a subset of the cysteine-rich region provides the essential S-assembly functions. However, the C1347F/C1348S mutant viruses exhibited relatively low specific infectivities, similar to virions secreted from 2-BP-treated cultures. Our collective results indicate that the palmitate adducts on coronavirus S proteins are necessary in assembly and also in positioning the assembled envelope proteins for maximal infectivity.

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42

Laird, D. W., K. Jordan, P. Fistouris, J. L. Solan, P. D. Lampe y C. Shao. "Transport of Connexins and Gap Junction Turnover in Living Cells Visualized Using Green Fluorescent Protein Tagged Connexins." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (agosto de 1999): 1020–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600018420.

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Connexins oligomerize into hemichannels, traffic to the cell surface and dock with hemichannels from an adjacent cell to form intercellular gap junction channels. Pulsechase studies have revealed that connexins are subject to a short half-life ranging from 1- 5 hrs. To examine the mechanisms involved in connexin trafficking, gap junction assembly and internalization in living cells we fused green fluorescent protein (GFP) to the amino or carboxyl terminus of full length connexins (Cx). When cDNA encoding Cx43-GFP was transfected into communication-competent NRK cells, Cx43-negative MDCK cells, or communication-deficient Neuro2A or HeLa cells, the fusion protein of predicted length was expressed, transported, and assembled into functional gap junctions (Figure 1). Most notably, the fusion of GFP to the amino terminal of Cx43 (GFP-Cx43) or Cx32 (GFP-Cx32) did not inhibit the co-translational insertion of these polytopic type IV connexins into the membrane and as a result gap junction plaques assembled at cellcell interfaces.

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43

Sherer, Nathan M., Chad M. Swanson, Stelios Papaioannou y Michael H. Malim. "Matrix Mediates the Functional Link between Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA Nuclear Export Elements and the Assembly Competency of Gag in Murine Cells". Journal of Virology 83, n.º 17 (17 de junio de 2009): 8525–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00699-09.

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ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) assembles poorly in murine cells, reflecting inefficient targeting of the Gag structural polyprotein to the plasma membrane. Virus particle production can be restored by replacing the cis-acting Rev response element (RRE) in Gag-Pol mRNAs with multiple copies of the CTE (4×CTE), suggesting a mechanistic link between HIV-1 RNA trafficking and productive Gag assembly. In this report, we demonstrate that Gag molecules generated from RRE-dependent transcripts are intrinsically defective for assembly in murine 3T3 cells. When controlled for the intracellular Gag level, modulations of the Gag matrix (MA) domain that enhance Gag membrane association (e.g., deletion of the MA globular head) substantially improve assembly for Gag derived from RRE- but not 4×CTE-dependent transcripts. Gag mutants carrying a leucine zipper replacement of the nucleocapsid (NC) domain remain largely assembly defective when derived from RRE-dependent transcripts, indicating that the defect does not reflect aberrant NC/RNA-driven Gag multimerization. We further demonstrate that single changes in uncharged amino acids implicated in Gag/MA myristoyl switch regulation, most notably replacing the leucine at position 21 with serine, improve assembly for Gag derived from RRE-dependent transcripts. In sum, we provide genetic evidence to suggest that HIV-1 RNA metabolism specifically modulates the activation of MA-dependent membrane targeting.

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44

Yuan, Ye, Lei Chen, Lingfei Kong, Lingling Qiu, Zhendong Fu, Minmin Sun, Yuan Liu et al. "Histidine modulates amyloid-like assembly of peptide nanomaterials and confers enzyme-like activity". Nature Communications 14, n.º 1 (19 de septiembre de 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41591-1.

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AbstractAmyloid-like assembly is not only associated with pathological events, but also leads to the development of novel nanomaterials with unique properties. Herein, using Fmoc diphenylalanine peptide (Fmoc–F–F) as a minimalistic model, we found that histidine can modulate the assembly behavior of Fmoc–F–F and induce enzyme-like catalysis. Specifically, the presence of histidine rearranges the β structure of Fmoc–F–F to assemble nanofilaments, resulting in the formation of active site to mimic peroxidase-like activity that catalyzes ROS generation. A similar catalytic property is also observed in Aβ assembled filaments, which is correlated with the spatial proximity between intermolecular histidine and F-F. Notably, the assembled Aβ filaments are able to induce cellular ROS elevation and damage neuron cells, providing an insight into the pathological relationship between Aβ aggregation and Alzheimer’s disease. These findings highlight the potential of histidine as a modulator in amyloid-like assembly of peptide nanomaterials exerting enzyme-like catalysis.

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45

AHMAD, IMTIAZ, RAHIM JAN, ANMOL RIAZ y GUL E. NAYAB. "STATIONARY AND ULTRASONIC NANOPARTICLE ASSEMBLY ON NOTABLE SURFACES". Surface Review and Letters, 4 de febrero de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x22500457.

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Frequently used wettable (SiO[Formula: see text] and nonwettable highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surfaces have been investigated for the deposition and shape separation of gold nanorods and rod–sphere mixture using the droplet evaporation method. In this paper, we explore and compare the resulting assembly using immovable and ultrasonic systems. On HOPG, stable evaporation produces monolayer arrays of gold nanorods on the terraces whereas aligned arrays of nanorods at the step-edges of HOPG. However, isolated large islands of nanorods on the terraces of HOPG and aligned nanorods at the step-edges become chaotic under the ultrasonic deposition. Also besides gold nanorods, excess cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) molecules in suspension are deposited on the terraces in the form of mono- and multilayers revealed by an atomic force microscope (AFM). Both stable as well as ultrasonic vibration techniques were employed on the rod–sphere mixture over the SiO2 substrate. Stable drying of a droplet showed order arrays of gold nanorods separated from nanospheres everywhere in the coffee-stain ring. The fascinating assembly has been observed for such suspension deposits obtained under ultrasonic vibrations. Aligned arrays of nanorods covered with CTAB surfactants have been sterically as well as osmotically depleted first nearly all CTAB-coated nanospheres and then self-assembled them with the similar geometries within the coffee-stain ring on the SiO2 surface. The same separation effect has been observed within the initial pinning as well as everywhere over the terraces of the HOPG.

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46

Pourjavady, Reza. "Nūrollāh Šūštarī on Shi’i Notables". Entangled Religions 13, n.º 5 (15 de agosto de 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/er.13.2022.9636.

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Nūrollāh Šūštarī’s (d. 1019/1610) Maǧāles al-moʾmenīn (Assemblies of the Believers) is an extensive work on distinguished Shi’i figures throughout history. The author, trained in Safavid lands, composed this work while residing in the Mughal empire. There, he was associated with the court of Akbar (r. 963–1014/[1556]–1605). The present article introduces various aspects of Šūštarī’s project and examines what might have motivated him to undertake such a significant task. It also touches on the internal challenges found in the circles of the Shi’i scholars, with which the author was intellectually engaged, and discusses later critics of the work, who blamed its author for including in it many Sufi figures of the classical and post-classical period. Furthermore, the possibility that the composition of the Maǧāles caused its author’s death will be discussed. With his authorship of this work, Šūštarī was pioneering a trend of writing Shi’i bio-bibliographical works, to which many scholars contributed up until the twentieth century.

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47

Liu, Peng, Yingying Deng, Jie Lu, Xiaoliang Gou, Qingqing Han, Yi‐Rong Pei y Long Yi Jin. "Ordered nanoassemblies from self‐assembly of amphiphilic molecule containing pillar[5]arene and azobenzene groups". Polymer International, 6 de diciembre de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.6600.

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AbstractThe derivatization of pillar[n]arenes is a prerequisite for endowing them with functions, as well as enriching the application of pillar[n]arene materials in advanced material science. Herein, we report the self‐assembly of amphiphilic rim‐differentiated pillar[5]arene (H1). The one side of the pillar[5]arene is composed of the hydrophilic poly (ethylene oxide) chains, benzene and azobenzene groups connected with ether bond, and the other side is ethoxy groups. In CHCl3 solvent, the amphiphile H1 self‐assembled into spherical micelle, while, in H2O/THF mixed solvent H1 self‐assembled into nanorod like assemblies. Interestingly, addition of a guest molecule composed of tetraphenylethene and hexanenitrile groups (G1) to the CHCl3 solution of H1 produces large sheet aggregates via the strong π–π stacking of rod segments. The reversible transformation between the nanosheet assemblies of host–guest complexes and nanoparticles is achieved by addition of the guest molecule 1, 4‐butylamine (G2) and pillar[5]arene with ethoxy groups as the competitive molecules. Notably, the worm‐like and nano‐rod micelles of H1 were constructed in H2O/THF solution triggered by light irradiation, which assemblies can be used as the photosensitive erasable writing materials.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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48

Howe, Kerstin, William Chow, Joanna Collins, Sarah Pelan, Damon-Lee Pointon, Ying Sims, James Torrance, Alan Tracey y Jonathan Wood. "Significantly improving the quality of genome assemblies through curation". GigaScience 10, n.º 1 (enero de 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giaa153.

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Abstract Genome sequence assemblies provide the basis for our understanding of biology. Generating error-free assemblies is therefore the ultimate, but sadly still unachieved goal of a multitude of research projects. Despite the ever-advancing improvements in data generation, assembly algorithms and pipelines, no automated approach has so far reliably generated near error-free genome assemblies for eukaryotes. Whilst working towards improved datasets and fully automated pipelines, assembly evaluation and curation is actively used to bridge this shortcoming and significantly reduce the number of assembly errors. In addition to this increase in product value, the insights gained from assembly curation are fed back into the automated assembly strategy and contribute to notable improvements in genome assembly quality. We describe our tried and tested approach for assembly curation using gEVAL, the genome evaluation browser. We outline the procedures applied to genome curation using gEVAL and also our recommendations for assembly curation in a gEVAL-independent context to facilitate the uptake of genome curation in the wider community.

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49

Lee, Soo-Yeon y Ki-Young Lee. "Conditional Cooperativity in the RAS Assembly Pathway on Nanodiscs and Altered GTPase Cycling". Angewandte Chemie, 2 de febrero de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.202316942.

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Self‐assemblies (i.e., nanoclusters) of the RAS GTPase on the membrane act as scaffolds that activate downstream RAF kinases and drive MAPK signaling for cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. However, the mechanistic details of nanoclustering remain largely unknown. Here, size‐tunable nanodisc platforms and paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) analyses revealed the structural basis of cooperative assembly processes of fully processed KRAS, mutated in a quarter of human cancers. The cooperativity is modulated by the mutation and nucleotide states of KRAS and the lipid composition in the membrane. Notably, the oncogenic mutants assemble in a nonsequential pathways with two mutually cooperative ‘α/α’ and ‘α/β’ interfaces, while α/α dimerization of wild‐type KRAS promotes the secondary α/β interaction in a sequential manner. Mutation‐based interface engineering was used to selectively trap the oligomeric intermediates of KRAS and to probe their favorable interface interactions. Transiently exposed interfaces are available for the assembly. Real‐time NMR demonstrated that higher‐order oligomers retain larger numbers of active GTP‐bound protomers in KRAS GTPase cycling. These data provide a deeper understanding of the nanocluster‐enhanced signaling in response to the environment. Furthermore, our methodology is applicable to assemblies of many other membrane GTPases and to lipid nanoparticle‐based formulations of stable protein oligomers with enhanced cooperativity.

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50

Lee, Soo-Yeon y Ki-Young Lee. "Conditional Cooperativity in the RAS Assembly Pathway on Nanodiscs and Altered GTPase Cycling". Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2 de febrero de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202316942.

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Self‐assemblies (i.e., nanoclusters) of the RAS GTPase on the membrane act as scaffolds that activate downstream RAF kinases and drive MAPK signaling for cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. However, the mechanistic details of nanoclustering remain largely unknown. Here, size‐tunable nanodisc platforms and paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) analyses revealed the structural basis of cooperative assembly processes of fully processed KRAS, mutated in a quarter of human cancers. The cooperativity is modulated by the mutation and nucleotide states of KRAS and the lipid composition in the membrane. Notably, the oncogenic mutants assemble in a nonsequential pathways with two mutually cooperative ‘α/α’ and ‘α/β’ interfaces, while α/α dimerization of wild‐type KRAS promotes the secondary α/β interaction in a sequential manner. Mutation‐based interface engineering was used to selectively trap the oligomeric intermediates of KRAS and to probe their favorable interface interactions. Transiently exposed interfaces are available for the assembly. Real‐time NMR demonstrated that higher‐order oligomers retain larger numbers of active GTP‐bound protomers in KRAS GTPase cycling. These data provide a deeper understanding of the nanocluster‐enhanced signaling in response to the environment. Furthermore, our methodology is applicable to assemblies of many other membrane GTPases and to lipid nanoparticle‐based formulations of stable protein oligomers with enhanced cooperativity.

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