Literatura académica sobre el tema "Asse HPA"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Asse HPA"
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Webber, Declan, Jingjing Cao, Daniela Dominguez, Dafna D. Gladman, Deborah M. Levy, Lawrence Ng, Andrew D. Paterson et al. "Association of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) genetic susceptibility loci with lupus nephritis in childhood-onset and adult-onset SLE". Rheumatology 59, n.º 1 (24 de junio de 2019): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kez220.
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Abstract Objective LN is one of the most common and severe manifestations of SLE. Our aim was to test the association of SLE risk loci with LN risk in childhood-onset SLE (cSLE) and adult-onset SLE (aSLE). Methods Two Toronto-based tertiary care SLE cohorts included cSLE (diagnosed <18 years) and aSLE patients (diagnosed ⩾18 years). Patients met ACR and/or SLICC SLE criteria and were genotyped on the Illumina Multi-Ethnic Global Array or Omni1-Quad arrays. We identified those with and without biopsy-confirmed LN. HLA and non-HLA additive SLE risk-weighted genetic risk scores (GRSs) were tested for association with LN risk in logistic models, stratified by cSLE/aSLE and ancestry. Stratified effect estimates were meta-analysed. Results Of 1237 participants, 572 had cSLE (41% with LN) and 665 had aSLE (30% with LN). Increasing non-HLA GRS was significantly associated with increased LN risk [odds ratio (OR) = 1.26; 95% CI 1.09, 1.46; P = 0.0006], as was increasing HLA GRS in Europeans (OR = 1.55; 95% CI 1.07, 2.25; P = 0.03). There was a trend for stronger associations between both GRSs and LN risk in Europeans with cSLE compared with aSLE. When restricting cases to proliferative LN, the magnitude of these associations increased for both the non-HLA (OR = 1.30; 95% CI 1.10, 1.52; P = 0.002) and HLA GRS (OR = 1.99; 95% CI 1.29, 3.08; P = 0.002). Conclusion We observed an association between known SLE risk loci and LN risk in children and adults with SLE, with the strongest effect observed among Europeans with cSLE. Future studies will include SLE-risk single nucleotide polymorphisms specific to non-European ancestral groups and validate findings in an independent cohort.
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Mahendraker, Venkatram, Donald S. Mavinic y Barry Rabinowitz. "Comparison of Oxygen Transfer Parameters from Four Testing Methods in Three Activated Sludge Processes". Water Quality Research Journal 40, n.º 2 (1 de mayo de 2005): 164–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2005.019.
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Abstract In this investigation, the mass transfer of oxygen was determined using four different testing methods in three activated sludge processes, as per the guidelines established by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE 1997). The testing methods applied included the steady-state oxygen uptake rate (OUR), the non-steady-state changing power level (CPL), the non-steady-state hydrogen peroxide addition (HPA) and the off-gas methods. The analysis indicated that steady-state OUR and off-gas methods resulted in comparable estimates of oxygen transfer parameters, with somewhat higher variations observed in the data from the off-gas method. The application of HPA and CPL methods produced variable results under the same process conditions and these testing methods affected the process. Based on the comparative evaluation conducted in these controlled experiments, the validity of HPA and CPL tests to measure the oxygen transfer under process conditions is questionable. Overall, the off-gas method appears to be superior, as it does not require steady-state process conditions. However, under suitable conditions the steady-state OUR method may be an economical option to study oxygen transfer under process conditions.
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Lin, Xin, Ermelina Enriquez, Jigar Patel, Ruth Huang, Cindi Marks, Sunitha Vege, KL Billingsley, Joann M. Moulds y Ghazala Hashmi. "Universal DNA Arrays for High-Throughput SNP Detection of Human Platelet Antigens (HPA)". Blood 116, n.º 21 (19 de noviembre de 2010): 4403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.4403.4403.
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Abstract Abstract 4403 Background: DNA analysis of human platelet antigens is known to improve the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia and minimize the risks of post transfusion purpura and refractoriness to random donor platelet therapy. The availability of reliable molecular platforms such as HPA eMAP assays analyzing HPA-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9, -11, and -15, are routinely used and eliminate the need for reference sera or large platelet volumes. New generations of HPA assays (HPA eMAP-S Beadchip™ Kit) described here are developed by identification of specific allele in solution and detection of targets by a generic probe array called the Universal BeadChip™ by imaging, HPA-13 was also incorporated in the panel. These assays are easily automatable due to fewer protocol steps. Methods: The BioArray Solutions HPA eMAP-S BeadChip Kit uses the novel Elongation Mediated Multiplexed Analysis of Polymorphisms in Solution (eMAP-S) technology (Lin, X., et al., 2010) to identify the presence or absence of the selected alleles associated with a given phenotype. We amplified 10 DNA fragments covering 12 allele variants which are associated with 12 platelet antigens by using multiplex PCR and HPA gene specific primer pairs. PCR was followed by multiplex allele specific primer extension (ASPE) and Beadchip detection by using the AIS-400 Array Imaging System. To evaluate the overall performance of HPA eMAP-S BeadChip™ Kits, a total 552 clinical samples with known HPA eMAP phenotype and/or serology were analyzed to determine polymorphisms associated with common human platelet antigen (HPA-1, -2, -3, -5, -15) and less common human platelet antigen (HPA-4, -6, -7, -8, -9, -11, -13). For internal study, 176 clinical samples were analyzed at BioArray Solutions (BAS). For the external study, 186 and 190 (total 376) donor samples were tested at two sites and analyzed by BASIS™ software. Phenotype results obtained from the HPA eMAP-S Beadchip™ Kit during the studies were compared to the data generated from the HPA eMAP BeadChip™ Kit and/or serology. Results: For internal and external studies, the concordance between the HPA eMAP-S Beadchip™ kit and HPA eMAP Beadchip™ kit was 99.99%. The discordant call (0.01%) on HPA-1b antigen was investigated. One HPA-1 discordant sample was sent out for sequencing and re-analyzed by using increased amount of DNA from DNA precipitation. The result from sequencing is consistent with the result from HPA eMAP Beadchip™ Kit. The HPA eMAP-S result from higher concentration DNA is also consistent with the result of sequencing. The discordance in the original HPA eMAP-S assay was attributed to less DNA input in the multiplex PCR, which will be corrected in the Package Insert of HPA eMAP-S Beadchip™ Kit. Conclusion: HPA eMAP-S Beadchip™ Kit could be used reliably for the determination of human platelet antigens using DNA analysis. Disclosures: Hashmi: Immucor: Employment.
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Nesterenko, V. A., A. E. Karateev, M. A. Makarov, E. I. Byalik, S. A. Makarov y A. M. Lila. "Comparison of the effectiveness of subacromial administration of platelet-rich plasma and hyaluronic acid in chronic shoulder pain caused by damage to the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles according to a 6-month open clinical study". Rheumatology Science and Practice 58, n.º 5 (9 de noviembre de 2020): 570–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47360/1995-4484-2020-570-576.
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Local injections of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and hyaluronic acid (HLA) are considered an effective method for treating chronic shoulder pain (CSP) associated with damage to the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles (RCM).The aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness and safety of local therapy of PRP and HLA in patients with CSP caused by damage to the tendons of the RCM muscles.Materials and methods. The study included 100 patients (54% women and 46% men, average age 51.5±15.1 years) with CSP (persisting for ≥3 months) associated with damage and tendinitis of the supraspinatus, subacute, scapular or small round muscle, confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound (ultrasound). The patients were randomized into two groups of 50 people who were treated with PRP (three injections at 7-day intervals) or HLA (two injections at 7-day intervals). The injections were performed under ultrasound control in the subacromial SAC. The results of the study were evaluated by the dynamics of pain intensity (on a visual analog scale, up to 100 mm) and functional disorders (ASES and CSS indices) after 1, 3 and 6 months.Results. Against the background of the use of PRP and HLA, there was a significant improvement in the condition of patients, while both drugs showed approximately the same effectiveness. The severity of VAS pain decreased from 56.8±15, respectively, after 6 months.5 and 57.6±17.8 mm to 31.8±27.8 and 30.2±26.3 mm, ASES-c 55.8±15.9 and 53.6±14.7 to 74.6±22.4 and 77.3± 22.4, CSS-c 59.2±14.4 and 47.8±16.9 to 69.9±17.3 and 65.6±19.2. the Dynamics of all these indicators in comparison with the baseline level was statistically significant (p<0.001). Number of patients with moderate / mild pain (<40 mm VAS) after 6 months. after the introduction of PRP and HLA was 48% and 60%, requiring regular NSAID intake 30% and 28%, respectively. In all parameters, the difference in the effectiveness of PRP and HLC was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The effectiveness of PRP and HLA (in terms of pain dynamics, ASES, and CSS) was significantly higher in individuals younger than 45 years, compared to older patients. The tolerability of therapy was good – after the introduction of PRP, 40% of patients had a short-term (3–4 days) increase in pain, which did not require the use of additional analgesics or interruption of treatment. No serious adverse reactions were observed when using PRP and HLA.Conclusion. OTP and GLA are effective and safe in the treatment of CSP associated with damage to the tendons of the RCM muscles. The dynamics of pain intensity and functional status after the use of these drugs did not differ. Treatment of PRP and HLA is more effective in people younger than 45 years.
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Holcar, Marija, Aleš Goropevšek y Tadej Avčin. "Altered Homeostasis of Regulatory T Lymphocytes and Differential Regulation of STAT1/STAT5 in CD4+ T Lymphocytes in Childhood-onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". Journal of Rheumatology 47, n.º 4 (1 de julio de 2019): 557–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.181418.
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Objective.Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) is usually a more severe and aggressive disease than adult-onset SLE (aSLE), but cellular and subcellular reasons for these differences are not well understood. The present study analyzed Th subsets, STAT1/STAT5 signaling response, and cytokine profiles of cSLE.Methods.FOXP3+ regulatory (Treg) and effector Th subsets, expression and phosphorylation of STAT1/STAT5 in Th, and cytokine profiles were measured in the peripheral blood of patients with cSLE and healthy controls (HC), using flow cytometry and immunoassay on a biochip.Results.Significant correlation between expression of the activation marker HLA-DR and decreased Th counts, an increase in the percentage of FOXP3+ Th, and a decrease in the activated Treg (aTreg) subset among them were found in cSLE. In contrast to our previous findings in aSLE, no significant differences in percentages and a significant decrease in the numbers of the naive-resting Treg (rTreg) subset compared to HC were found. The percentages of CD25− cells, possibly reflecting interleukin 2 depletion, were significantly increased in cSLE aTreg, but not in the rTreg subset. Consistent with the results of our previous studies in aSLE, increased expression of STAT1, along with significant correlation between decreased Th counts and their increased basal phosphorylation of STAT5, were also found in cSLE.Conclusion.Our results suggest that the key difference in Treg homeostasis between cSLE and aSLE is in the rTreg subset. However, perturbed aTreg homeostasis, increased levels of STAT1 protein, and homeostatic STAT5 signaling appear to be intrinsic characteristics of the disease, present in cSLE and aSLE alike.
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Soriano-Sexto, Alejandro, Diana Gallego, Fátima Leal, Natalia Castejón-Fernández, Rosa Navarrete, Patricia Alcaide, María L. Couce et al. "Identification of Clinical Variants beyond the Exome in Inborn Errors of Metabolism". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n.º 21 (25 de octubre de 2022): 12850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232112850.
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Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) constitute a huge group of rare diseases affecting 1 in every 1000 newborns. Next-generation sequencing has transformed the diagnosis of IEM, leading to its proposed use as a second-tier technology for confirming cases detected by clinical/biochemical studies or newborn screening. The diagnosis rate is, however, still not 100%. This paper reports the use of a personalized multi-omics (metabolomic, genomic and transcriptomic) pipeline plus functional genomics to aid in the genetic diagnosis of six unsolved cases, with a clinical and/or biochemical diagnosis of galactosemia, mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I), maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA), citrullinemia, or urea cycle deficiency. Eight novel variants in six genes were identified: six (four of them deep intronic) located in GALE, IDUA, PTS, ASS1 and OTC, all affecting the splicing process, and two located in the promoters of IDUA and PTS, thus affecting these genes’ expression. All the new variants were subjected to functional analysis to verify their pathogenic effects. This work underscores how the combination of different omics technologies and functional analysis can solve elusive cases in clinical practice.
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Lin, Xin, Ermelina Enriquez, Dipika B. Patel, Jigar Patel, Yuhua Song, Yi Zhang y Ghazala Hashmi. "BeadChip-Human Erythrocyte Antigen Determination for Leukoreduced Blood." Blood 116, n.º 21 (19 de noviembre de 2010): 1120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.1120.1120.
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Abstract Abstract 1120 Background: Leukoreduction (LR) is a process by which leukocytes (WBC) are filtered from blood or blood component, as the leukocytes may increase the incidence of alloimmunization to human leukocyte antigens and may cause febrile nonhemolytic adverse transfusion reactions. Current transfusion practice also requires that, at minimum, blood selected for transfusion to a patient be checked (phenotyped) to be antigen negative to the existing alloantibodies in the patient's serum. Human Erythrocyte Antigen (HEA) Beadchip™ (Hashmi, G. et al. Transfusion, 47, April 2007, 736–747) has been adopted by blood centers and transfusion services for routine antigen-negative screening. A recent prospective study (Klapper, E. et al. Transfusion, 50, March 2010, 536–546) conducted in four large hospital transfusion services concluded that it is theoretically feasible to establish an inventory of DNA tested donor components from existing hospital inventories to result in the provision of more extensively matched RBC components than is the current standard of practice. Here described is a HEA LR eMAP-S BeadChip™ platform developed based on a combination of a novel DNA extraction protocol and a novel proprietary assay platform for Human Erythrocyte Antigens determination from leukoreduced blood samples. Methods: The BioArray Solutions HEA LR eMAP-S BeadChip Kit uses the novel Elongation Mediated Multiplexed Analysis of Polymorphisms in Solution (eMAP-S) technology (Lin, X. et al., 2010). The multiplex PCR amplifies 21 DNA fragments covering 24 allele variants associated with 32 human erythrocyte antigens plus one mutation for hemoglobin S. The PCR, is then followed by clean-up, multiplex allele specific primer extension (ASPE), and on-Beadchip™ detection and read-out by using the AIS-400 Array Imaging System. Verification studies was performed using 203 leukoreduced blood segments collected from various blood centers and transfusion services in US. A set of 30 blood samples was also obtained from before leukoreduction (whole blood, WBC count: 2308–6052 cells/ μL) and after leukoreduction (LR blood, WBC count:0.36-2.63 cells/μL), DNAs from LR blood samples were extracted by a novel DNA extraction method (BAS) using commercial reagents ((Qiagen, Inc., Valencia, CA). To evaluate the performance of HEA LR eMAP-S Beadchip™ Kit, the extracted DNA samples from before and after LR were analyzed by both HEA LR eMAP-S Beadchip™ and commercially available HEA 1.2 Beadchip™ Kit along with 88 whole blood DNA samples and positive controls with known HEA calls and analyzed for 10 red blood group systems (Rh, K, JK, FY, MNS, DO, Lu, Yt, Di, Co); and one mutation associated with hemoglobinopathies. Phenotype results obtained from HEA LR eMAP-S BeadChip™ Kit during the studies were compared to the data from the HEA 1.2 BeadChip™ Kit. Results: DNA was successfully extracted from 30 donor DNA samples before (DNA ng/ul: 20–56) and after LR (DNA ng/ul: 8–20) and analyzed using HEA LR eMAP-S Beadchip™ Kit with 100% concordance in HEA phenotype results. The WB DNAs were further analyzed using HEA 1.2 Beadchip™ kit and the results showed 100% concordance with LR DNA results. In addition, results from positive controls (HEA Ref-pA, HEA Ref-pB and cell line DNAs) all produced correct calls, and HEA LR eMAP-S assay and HEA 1.2 assay testing results on 88 donor whole-blood DNAs showed 100% concordance. Conclusion: HEA LR eMAP-S Beadchip™ Kit could be used for reliable determination of human erythrocyte antigens for leukoreduced blood samples. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Ihara, Yasuo, Kenichi Aoki, Katsushi Tokunaga, Koki Takahashi y Takeo Juji. "HLA and Human Mate Choice. Tests on Japanese Couples." Anthropological Science 108, n.º 2 (2000): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1537/ase.108.199.
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Sánchez-Leal, Freddy J., Paul Garnica Anguas, Michael Larreal y Diana B. López Valdés. "Polyvoids: Analytical Tool for Superpave HMA Design". Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 23, n.º 8 (agosto de 2011): 1129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0000275.
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Mamlouk, Michael y Mena I. Souliman. "Reducing Inconsistency of HMA Flexure Fatigue Testing". Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 28, n.º 2 (febrero de 2016): 04015131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0001422.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Asse HPA"
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BOERO, GIORGIA. "Alterazioni indotte dall'isolamento sociale sulla regolazione a feedback negativo dell'asse ipotalamo-ipofisi-surrene". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266886.
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Rearing of rodents from weaning to adulthood in isolation induces various behavioral and neurochemical alterations in comparison with group-housed controls, suggesting that socially isolated rodents represent an animal model of neuropsychiatric disorder. Social isolation results in a decrease in plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and corticosterone levels and in a decrease in the brain and plasma concentrations of neuroactive steroids that act as positive modulators at GABAA receptors. Moreover, social deprivation is accompanied by an enhanced neurosteroidogenesis in response to acute stressful stimuli and it increases the sensitivity of the pituitary to corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). Furthermore, the corticosterone level after dexamethasone injection was significantly greater in isolated animals than in the group-housed rats. These results suggest that social isolation induces changes in responsiveness and impaired negative feedback regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. The aim of this research was to study mechanisms that might contribute to the different HPA reactivity to acute stress. We evaluated plasma corticosterone, hypothalamic level of CRF and of endocannabinoid 2-AG, hypothalamic endocannabinoid receptors (CB1 receptors) and hippocampal and hypothalamic glucocorticoid receptors (GR), in at different time point after acute heterotypic stress (foot-shock, 5 min). Moreover we have investigated GR function by blockade these receptors with mifepristone (a non-selective GR antagonist) in control group-housed animals and we have measured the expression of hypothalamic α4 and δ GABAA receptor subunits in basal condition and allopregnanolone (AP) levels after stress exposure.
Socially isolated rats exposed to foot-shock stress showed a marked increased in plasma corticosterone levels which were still significantly high 7 hours later, while in group-housed animals plasma corticosterone levels return to baseline 60 mins after stress exposure. Similar pattern was found in plasma AP where socially isolated rats showed a significant increase at 30 mins and still high 90 mins after acute stress exposure. In the hypothalamus of socially isolated rats a significant increase in the levels of CRF was found at 15 min, 30 and 60 min after the end of the stress, while in control animals no change in CRF levels was detected at any time point measured. Moreover, social isolation induced a decrease of hypothalamic 2-AG, that play a key role in the regulation of negative feedback of HPA axis. Social deprivation results in a increase of expression of hypothalamic CB1 and of both hippocampal and hypothalamic GR than control group, probably as a result by lower corticosterone and 2-AG levels in these animals. After acute stress exposure, in socially isolated rats both CB1 and GR expression did not show any change or was reduced during time course, while in control animals progressively increased with the time. We have hypothesized that this dysregulation of GR expression induced by social isolation may be important in disruption of HPA axis activity and in failure of glucocorticoid negative feedback resulting in prolonged
response to acute stress. To study GR function, in control group-housed animals, we have measured plasma corticosterone concentration after mifepristone administration. Mifeprisone treatment resulted in a decrease of basal corticosterone levels and an increase of steroidogenic effect of stress at 30 and 90 min; these effects were similar to that observed in non-treated isolated rats. Moreover, social isolation decreased the expression of both basal hypothalamic α4 and δ GABAA receptor subunits and reduced basal hypothalamic concentration of AP, suggesting a reduction of GABAergic transmission in this area. According to previous data (Serra et al., 2000), foot-shock stress exposure induced an increase of AP levels in socially isolated rats, probably to offset the reduction GABAA-mediated signaling.
These data demonstrate that HPA axis hyperresponsiveness to acute heterotypic stress in socially isolated rats may be due to a dysregulation of GR function. Further experiments are in progress in order to clarify the role of endocannabinoid and GABAergic system in the impairment of glucocorticoid negative feedback induced by social isolation.
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Martinho, Plinio de Freitas. "Otimização de metodologia para determinação de hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos pela técnica de extração por líquido pressurizado e sua aplicação a diferentes solos brasileiros". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4806.
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Os hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPA) representam hoje grande preocupação à comunidade científica devido a sua comprovada ação cancerígena e mutagênica, assim tornam-se necessárias metodologias mais eficientes para suas determinações. O presente trabalho desenvolveu a técnica de extração por líquido pressurizado com a etapa de clean-up simultânea a extração, com sílica e alumina como adsorventes dentro da cela do equipamento ASE-350. A metodologia desenvolvida foi comparada com a tradicional extração por Sohxlet através de material de referência certificado. A extração por Soxhlet, apesar de eficiente, mostrou-se dispendiosa pelo gasto enorme de tempo, solvente e adsorventes quando comparada a extração por líquido pressurizado. De maneira geral a extração por líquido pressurizado apresentou-se mais vantajosa que a tradicional extração por Soxhlet. A eficiência da metodologia desenvolvida também foi testada através de quatro diferentes tipos de solos brasileiros fortificados com solução padrão de HPA. Os solos utilizados foram dos seguintes locais: Nova Lima MG, Lavras MG, Casimiro de Abreu RJ e Luiz Eduardo Magalhães BA. Todos possuíam características granulométricas e químicas diferentes entre si. Dois solos foram classificados em latossolos vermelhos, um em vermelho-amarelo e um em planossolo. Houve diferença significativa na eficiência de recuperação de alguns HPA quando comparados os quatro tipos de solos, já para outros HPA não evidenciou-se influência da tipologia do soloPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are now a great concern to the scientific community due to its proven carcinogenic and mutagenic action. Therefore more efficient methodologies become necessary for its determinations. This research developed the technique of extraction by pressurized liquid with the clean-up step simultaneous to the extraction, i.e., the soil sample is extracted as the clean-up occurs. For this silica and alumina adsorbents was used in the ASE-350 equipment cell. For the study four different types of Brazilian soils with their well-defined characterizations were used. The soils used were from the following locations: Nova Lima - MG, Lavras - MG, Casimiro de Abreu - RJ and Luiz Eduardo Magalhães - BA. All of them had different soil gradation and chemical characteristics. The soils were classified as red oxisols, red-yellowish oxisols and planosols. There was significant difference between the recovery efficiency of some PAH in the four soil types, as for other HPA showed up no influence of soil type. The developed methodology was compared to traditional Sohxlet extraction by certified reference material (CRM). The Soxhlet extraction, although effective, has proved costly for large expenditure of time, adsorbents and solvent when compared to pressurized liquid extraction. In general the pressurized liquid extraction was more advantageous than traditional Soxhlet extraction. The developed methodology efficiency was also tested through four different Brazilian soil types spiked with standard PAH solution. The soils used were from the following locations: Nova Lima - MG, Lavras - MG, Casimiro de Abreu - RJ and Luiz Eduardo Magalhães - BA. All of them had different soil gradation and chemical characteristics among themselves. Two soils were classified as red oxisols, one as red-yellowish oxisol and one as planosol. There was significant difference among the recovery efficiency of some PAHs when the four soil types were compared; as for other HPA showed up no evidence of soil type influence
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Levy, Marine. "Developing new adsorbents for the passive sampling of organic pollutants in the atmosphere : comparison with existing systems". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAF053/document.
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Les matériaux actuellement utilisés comme capteurs passifs de polluants atmosphériques, la mousse de polyuréthane et la résine XAD®-2, ne sont optimisés ni pour l'adsorption de composés polaires ni pour le captage de particules. Pour remédier à ces limitations, la mousse de carbure de silicium (SiC) est proposée comme alternative. Plusieurs campagnes de mesures ont été mises en place pour comparer SiC et XAD®-2. Les composés recherchés étaient des HAP, des PCB et des pesticides.Une méthode d'analyse combinant ASE, SPE et SPME a été développée et optimisée pour ces polluants. Celle-ci permet d'atteindre de faibles limites de détection et quantification pour les composés recherchés.Les campagnes réalisées montrent que la mousse de SiC est toujours plus efficace que la résine XAD®-2 pour le piégeage de composés particulaires et polaires. De plus, la SiC peut être greffée avec du carbone ou des nanotubes de carbone pour augmenter sa surface spécifique, ce qui la rend également plus performante pour l'adsorption de composés volatils. Les débits d'échantillonnage moyens de la mousse ont été calculés et sont comparable aux valeurs rapportées dans la littérature pour la résine XAD®-2Materials currently used as passive samplers for atmospheric pollutants, polyurethane foam and XAD®-2 resin, are not suited ta trapping polar compounds nor particles. Ta overcome these limitations, silicon carbide (SiC) foam is presented as an alternative. Several sampling campaigns monitoring PAH, PCB and pesticides were done ta compare SiC and XAD®-2. An analytical method coupling ASE, SPE and SPME was developed and optimised for these pollutants. lt allowed low limits of detection and quantification ta be reached for all compounds of interest.Sampling campaigns showed that SiC foam is consistently more efficient than XAD®-2 resin at trapping particulate and polar compounds. Moreover, SiC foam can be grafted with carbon or carbon nanotubes ta increase its specific surface area, which also makes it better at adsorbing volatile compounds. Average sampling rates were calculated for SiC foam and they are comparable ta the values reported in the literature for XAD®-2 resin
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LO, SAURO CAROLINA. "Eventi di vita stressanti, asse HPA e psicopatologia: un’indagine sugli antecedenti del disturbo psichiatrico". Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/855496.
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La letteratura scientifica riporta che i traumi infantili influenzano in modo consistente il rischio di sviluppare psicopatologia durante l'età adulta. Questa relazione sembra essere mediata dal Sistema Ipotalamo-Ipofisi-Surrene (Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis - HPA), che, una volta iperattivato durante i processi di sviluppo, rimarrebbe permanentemente instabile, iperattivato, vulnerabile o disfunzionale. Sebbene non siano stati ancora individuati pattern specifici, anomalie del funzionamento dell'HPA sono state ampiamente riscontrate in pazienti psichiatrici. Tuttavia, né le anomalie dell'asse HPA, né l'aumentata incidenza di eventi traumatici durante l'infanzia sembrano specificamente correlati ad alcun raggruppamento diagnostico.
Il presente lavoro si propone di indagare il ruolo di alcuni tra i più noti fattori di rischio di patologia psichiatrica, nell’insorgenza di psicopatologia, valutata sia in termini di diagnosi che di sintomi, da una prospettiva transnosografica.
A tale scopo è stato reclutato un campione di pazienti in fase acuta, in trattamento presso le strutture pubbliche e private, accreditate della Toscana, in regime ambulatoriale od ospedaliero di Day-Hospital (n= 351) e un campione di popolazione generale (n=177). Nel corso della ricerca sono stati indagati il rapporto, il peso e le interazioni reciproche di fattori quali: familiarità per i disturbi psichiatrici, traumi dell’infanzia (come eventi di perdita, di neglect e di abuso), stile parentale, assetto temperamentale e di personalità, funzionamento dell’asse HPA.
Dal presente studio emerge che:
1. Le variabili indagate discriminano chiaramente i pazienti dai controlli, indipendentemente dalle classi diagnostiche considerate e senza differenze tra le diverse categorie diagnostiche.
2. Alcuni fattori di rischio sono più specifici per un determinato pattern di sintomi: e.g., eventi di abuso sono più frequenti nei pazienti che riportano sintomi di restrizione o discontrollo alimentare, o sintomi di discontrollo degli impulsi; l’abuso fisico sembra più associato a sintomatologia ansiosa, mentre l’abuso sessuale a comportamenti impulsivi; uno stile parentale indifferente o abusante del padre predispone a sintomi di ansia, mentre uno stile indifferente della madre a sintomi depressivi o di restrizione alimentare; l’harm avoidance (HA) è più alta nei pazienti che manifestano sintomi di disturbo del comportamento alimentare (DCA), depressivi, di ansia, ossessioni e compulsioni, minore desiderio o attività sessuale.
3. I fattori che hanno maggior peso nel determinare psicopatologia sono: la familiarità; uno stile genitoriale caratterizzato da un padre abusante e l’aver subito un abuso sessuale prima dei 15 anni; punteggi più elevati alle sottoscale novelty seeking (NS), HA e self-trascendence (ST), e punteggi più bassi alla reward dependence (RD); e infine alti livelli di cortisolo la sera e minore variazione giornaliera percentuale. Secondo tale modello di regressione, che complessivamente spiega il 51% della varianza, la condizione di paziente risulta associata a molteplici fattori che abbracciano longitudinalmente l’intera vita del soggetto.
In conclusione, sembra che tutte le variabili prese in considerazione siano effettivamente associate ai disturbi psichiatrici, ma con un’azione/influenza di tipo transnosografico. Inoltre emerge l’esistenza di un rapporto di circolarità e influenza reciproca tra i diversi fattori di rischio, conformemente con quanto teorizzato dal modello diatesi-stress.
A history of childhood adversities have been associated with the pathogenesis of several psychiatric conditions. This relationship seems to be mediated by the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis – (HPA), which becomes overdriven during childhood and persists hyperactive, instable, vulnerable and dysfunctional. Even if no specific pattern has been observed, abnormalities of HPA axis have been reported in almost all psychiatric disorders. However, none of these factor seems to be diagnosis-specific.
For these reasons, we planned a research aimed at exploring most of the risk factors for psychiatric disorders and their role on the onset of psychopathology, both in terms of diagnoses and symptoms, according to a trans-nosographic perspective.
In the present study, a sample of cases (n=351) admitted to all the psychiatric in and out-patient facilities (public and private accredited) of Tuscany, during the acute stage of their illness, and a matched control group (n=177), drawn by the general population, were recruited. The effect and the relationship between family history for psychiatric disorders, childhood traumatic events (such as loss, neglect and abuse), parental style, temperament, and HPA axis functioning, were studied.
The main results are:
1. Almost all the variables explored clearly distinguish the clinical group from the control group, independently of diagnosis and without differences between diagnostic categories.
2. Some risk factors seem to have a clearer role on symptomatology: e.g., physical and sexual abuse are more frequently reported in patients with eating restraint or binge eating, or impulse dyscontrol; physical abuse is more related to anxiety, while sexual abuse is associated to impulsivity suicidal ideation; father’s neglecting or abusing parental style seems to predispose to anxiety, while neglecting maternal style predisposes to depression or eating restraint; harm avoidance (HA) is higher in those patients with eating disorders, depressive, and anxious symptoms, obsessions and compulsions, reduced sexual desire.
3. Factors that seem to have a major role in the onset of psychopathology are: family history, father abusive style, sexual abuse before 15 years of age, higher scores on novelty seeking (NS), HA and self-trascendence (ST), and lower scores on reward dependence (RD), higher cortisol levels at 8 pm and smaller diurnal variation. Regression model explains 51% of variance and the predictors are lifetime distributed.
In summary, all (or almost all) the antecedents taken into account in this paper seem to be generic risk factors for mental health, with a trans-nosographic patterns of association between risk factors and psychopathology. Moreover, this observation sustains a multifactorial etiological model, which should be evaluated from a non-linear, circular, dynamic and reciprocal perspective, according to the diathesis-stress model.
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Lelli, Lorenzo. "Caratteristiche psicopatologiche, comorbidità, livelli di cortisolo e differenti outcomes in pazienti affetti da Disturbi dell'Alimentazione e storia di abuso infantile: studio di follow-up a 3 anni". Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1121479.
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INTRODUCTION: After treatment, a large proportion of patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Bulimia Nervosa (BN) shows only a partial remission of their eating disorder psychopathology, frequent relapses and a persistence of psychiatric comorbidities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible role of childhood abuse on long-term outcomes and its relationship with cortisol levels and HPA-axis alteration.
METHODS: One hundred thirty-three Eating Disorder (EDs) patients (61 AN, 72 BN) were studied by means of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and psychometric tests, at baseline, at the end of individual Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and three years after the end of treatment. Seventy-two age and gender matched healthy control (HC) were also recruited. Blood samples were drawn in the morning (8 a.m.) after an overnight fast for determination of cortisol levels. All the patients and HC were asked to provide their written informed consent. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Institution.
RESULTS: Patients reporting childhood abuse (overall:24.8%; physical abuse:24.1%; sexual abuse:13.5%) showed lower age onset, higher impulsivity, and a greater rate of psychiatric comorbidity than other patients. At follow-up, a full recovery from any Axis I diagnosis was observed in 4 (12.1%) patients with abuse (vs 31 [31%] of the other patients). This different rate was mainly associated with the persistence of unipolar depression in abused patients (77.8% vs 26.7%). Linear mixed models showed a reduction of depressive symptoms in non-abused patients, but not in those reporting abuse. Patients with abuse showed a higher diagnostic cross-over rate (39.4% vs 13.0%), as compared to the other patients. Patients with abuse showed a lower morning cortisol levels at the baseline as compared with other patients and HC with p<0.001 and non-abused patients showed higher cortisol levels respect to HC. At the follow-up non-abused patients showed a significant reduction of morning cortisol levels with p<0.001, while abused patients maintained the lower levels reported at the baseline. Finally, survival analysis showed that patients with abuse had a higher probability of drop-out during treatment.
DISCUSSION: Patients with EDs reporting a history of childhood abuse represent a group of persons with more complex psychopathological features, a dysregulation of HPA-axis activity, a different response to treatment and worse long-term outcomes, thus requiring specific treatment strategies.
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Antunes, Patrícia Silva. "Hidrocarbonetos Aromáticos Policíclicos em lamas: validação do método de análise por ASE-HPLC-FLD-DAD". Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/34197.
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Tese de mestrado, Controlo de Qualidade e Toxicologia dos Alimentos, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2017O principal objetivo do trabalho foi o desenvolvimento e validação de um método cromatográfico, cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC) acoplada a um detetor de fluorescência (FLD) e de arranjo de díodos (DAD), para a análise de hidrocarbonetos aromáticos policíclicos (HAP) em lamas de estações de tratamento de águas residuais (ETAR), após extração e concentração por extração acelerada por solvente (ASE). No âmbito deste trabalho fez-se um enquadramento legal relacionado com a valorização agrícola de lamas e delinearam-se as condições experimentais, de forma a cumprir o limite legal, descrito no decreto-lei nº276/2009 (1), de 6 mg/kg em matéria seca, para a soma dos 16 HAP. Este trabalho teve como ponto de partida a otimização dos comprimentos de onda dos detetores de fluorescência e de díodos. A estabilidade do equipamento e das soluções padrão, assim como a eficácia da filtração das soluções foram avaliadas, com base em ensaios de precisão e exatidão. A validação do método analítico englobou a otimização das condições de concentração no evaporador Turbovap e na ASE, determinação do intervalo de linearidade, gama de trabalho, limiares analíticos, precisão e exatidão do método instrumental (HPLC-FLD-DAD) e, limiares analíticos, precisão e exatidão do método global (ASE-HPLC-FLD-DAD). O método de HPLC-FLD-DAD é linear para a análise dos 16 HAP, na gama de concentrações entre 0,050 e 40 μg/L, com coeficientes de determinação (r2) superiores a 0,9970 e coeficientes de variação do método (CVm) inferiores a 5%. As gamas de trabalho diferiram entre cada HAP e variaram entre 0,05 – 40 μg/L. Os limiares analíticos, limite de deteção (LOD) e de quantificação (LOQ) do método instrumental foram determinados em condições de repetibilidade e variaram entre 0,011 a 1,1 μg/L e 0,037 a 3,6 μg/L, respetivamente. A eficiência de concentração no evaporador Turbovap é maior para o diclorometano e a 49 ºC, com recuperações acima dos 75% e desvios-padrão relativos inferiores a 10% para todos os HAP. Na ASE, as melhores condições de operação foram obtidas no modo fluxo (fluxo: 1mL/min; temperatura: 100ºC; ciclo estático: 5 minutos). Os limiares analíticos do método global, limite mínimo de deteção (MDL) e limite mínimo de quantificação (MQL) de cada HAP, variaram entre 0,0030 a 0,75 μg/kg, em matéria seca e 0,0090 a 2,4 μg/kg, em matéria seca, respetivamente. O MQL para a soma dos 16 HAP é de 6,3 μg/kg de matéria seca. A precisão instrumental foi avaliada em condições de repetibilidade e precisão intermédia e, em ambos os ensaios, foram obtidos desvios-padrão relativos inferiores a 19% para todos os HAP. A precisão do método global foi avaliada em condições de repetibilidade e obtiveram-se desvios-padrão relativos entre 10% e 30%. O método HPLC-FLD-DAD é exato com erros relativos inferiores ao critério de aceitação de 20%, para todos os HAP. A exatidão do método global foi avaliada com materiais de referência certificados e os resultados foram avaliados em termos de recuperações obtidas. Para os 16 HAP as recuperações variaram entre 6,9% e 111% com desvio-padrão relativos entre 3,0% e 13%. Apenas 50% dos HAP apresentam recuperações no intervalo de 80% - 120%, logo o método é exato para oito dos HAP em estudo. A incerteza expandida variou entre 15,2% e 56,6%, indicando que o método é exato para os 16 HAP. No conjunto de 15 amostras analisadas, apenas 6,7% das lamas não cumpriram o limite legal de 6 mg/kg, em matéria seca, para a soma dos 16 HAP. Esta amostra apresentou uma concentração de 23,5 mg HAP/kg em matéria seca.
This work aims to develop and validate an analytical method for the analysis of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sewage sludge using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) coupled to the high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence and diode array detectors (HPLC-FLD-DAD). An overview about legal framework related to the agricultural valorization of sludge was made, and the experimental conditions were established, in order to comply with the legal limit for the sum of 16 PAH (6 mg/kg in dry matter). The optimization of the analytical method was started with the study of chromatographic conditions, in particular wavelengths optimisation of fluorescence and diode array detectors. The instrumental and standard solutions stability and the efficiency of a filtration step were also tested based on precision and accurate assays. The validation studies included an optimisation of Turbovap and ASE conditions, linearity and working range, analytical limits, precision and accuracy. The analytical limits, precision and accuracy of HPLC-FLD-DAD were determined. The determinations were also performed for the global method (ASE-HPLC-FLD-DAD). The instrumental method (HPLC-FLD-DAD) is linear for the analysis of 16 PAH in the working range determined, with determination coefficients (r2) bigger than 0,997 and coefficients of variation lower than 5%. The working range were different for each PAH and they varied between 0.05 – 40 μg/L. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were defined in repeatability and reproducibility conditions and they varied between 0.011 – 1.1 μg/L (LOD) and 0.037 – 3.6 μg/L (LOQ). The Turbovap concentration efficiency was better for dichloromethane (DCM) and 49 ºC with recoveries higher than 75%, with relative standard deviations (RSD, %) lower than 10% for all of 16 PAH. The best recoveries in ASE were achieved with the flow mode of extraction (flow: 1 mL/min: temperature: 100 ºC, static cycle: 5 minutes). The recoveries varied between 6.9% and 111% with RSD lower than 13%. HPLC-FLD-DAD precision was tested in repeatability and reproducibility conditions and in both cases the obtained RSD were lower than 19% for all of 16 PAH. The ASE-HPLC-FLD-DAD precision was tested in repeatability conditions and the RSD varied between 10% e 30%. The instrumental method is accurate with RSD lower than acceptance criteria of 20% for all of 16 PAH. The minimum detection (MDL) and quantification (MQL) limits varied between 0.0030 – 0.75 μg/kg in dry matter (MDL) and 0.0090 – 2.4 μg/kg in dry matter (MQL). For the sum of 16 PAH the MDL and MQL were 1.9 μg/kg in dry matter and 6.3 μg/kg in dry matter, respectively. ASE-HPLC-FLD-DAD accuracy was evaluated with certified reference materials (CRM). All PAH showed recoveries between 6.9% e 111% with RSD between 3.0% and 13%. 50% of 16 PAH showed recoveries in order of 100 ± 20%. Therefore, the ASE-HPLC-FLD-DAD method is accurate for these compounds. The relative expanded uncertainty varied between 15.2% e 56.6%. The ASE-HPLC-FLD-DAD method is accurate for this 8 HAP. Fifteen sewage sludge samples from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) were analysed and only 6.7% of them showed PAHs concentrations above the legal limit of 6 mg/kg in dry matter. This sample showed a concentration of 23.5 mg PAH/kg in dry matter.
Laboratórios e Controlo da Qualidade da Água, EPAL
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Silva, Miguel Velez Rodrigues da. "Implementação e validação de métodos de ensaio para a monitorização de compostos orgânicos em águas usando amostradores passivos". Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/36375.
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Tese de mestrado em Química Tecnológica, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2018A amostragem pontual (amostragem tradicional com frascos) limita-se apenas a captar informações momentâneas sobre a qualidade do ambiente aquático. Este tipo de amostragem não tem em consideração a dinâmica dos processos ambientais, uma vez que as condições do meio aquático podem ser modificadas num curto intervalo de tempo, causadas por exemplo, por precipitação abundante ou descargas industriais. Desta forma, a análise da água fica comprometida com este tipo de amostragem, sendo necessário um maior número de recolhas de amostras, o que tornaria todo o processo de amostragem mais demorado, trabalhoso e dispendioso. Os amostradores passivos permitem captar, de uma forma integrativa, os analitos na fase adsorvente, detetar e determinar a concentração média de contaminantes durante o período de amostragem, reduzindo os custos pelo facto de um único dispositivo conseguir recolher informações sobre a presença de compostos orgânicos numa grande área, durante esse período. Este trabalhou resultou de um protocolo de colaboração estabelecido entre a EPAL – Empresa Portuguesa das Águas Livres, S.A. e a Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, com o objetivo de desenvolver um método que permitisse a recuperação eficaz de um grupo de poluentes, os HAP – Hidrocarbonetos Aromáticos Policíclicos, após adsorção nos amostradores passivos. A primeira parte do trabalho consistiu na otimização de um processo de extração pelo sistema de ultrassons, após adsorção de uma mistura de HAP num nível de concentração conhecido, para os amostradores passivos em estudo: SPMD, POCIS - Pesticidas e POCIS –Fármacos. A condição ótima de extração dos HAP pelo sistema de ultrassons para o amostrador SPMD foi obtida em modo fracionado, durante 1h 30 min (30 min + 30 min + 30 min), com ciclohexano. Posteriormente, os amostradores passivos foram colocados num reservatório de água de consumo durante dois períodos distintos - 10 dias e 6 meses. Após adsorção e submissão a processo de extração adequado, efetuou-se a análise do extrato por HPLC-DAD-FLD para a monitorização de HAP, e a análise por GC-MS em modo Full scan para pesquisa de outros compostos orgânicos que tenham sido adsorvidos pelo amostrador passivo. Relativamente à monitorização de HAP, não foram encontrados vestígios significativos destes compostos no local de amostragem estudado. Quanto a outros compostos orgânicos, constatou-se que os amostradores possuem afinidade para compostos constituintes de massas lubrificantes e compostos formados durante o processo de desinfeção das águas com cloro.
Traditional sampling (traditional sampling with flasks) is limited to only getting momentary information on the quality of the aquatic environment. This type of sampling does not take into account the dynamics of environmental processes, since the conditions of the aquatic environment can be modified in a short time, caused for example by abundant precipitation or industrial discharges. Thus, water analysis is compromised with this type of sampling, requiring a greater number of sample collections, which would make the entire sampling process more time-consuming, laborious and expensive. Passive samplers allow the integrative capture of analytes in the adsorbent phase, detect and determine the mean concentration of contaminants during the sampling period, reducing costs because a single device can collect information about the presence of organic compounds in a large area, during that period. This work is the result of a collaboration protocol established between EPAL - Empresa Portuguesa das Águas Livres, S.A. and the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, with the goal of developing a method that would allow the effective recovery of a group of pollutants, PAH - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, after adsorption on passive samplers. The first part of the work consisted in the optimization of an extraction process by ultrasonic system, after adsorption of a mixture of PAHs at a known concentration level, in the passive samplers under study: SPMD, POCIS-Pesticides and POCIS-Drugs, The PAH optimal extraction condition by the ultrasonic system for the SPMD sampler was obtained in fractional extraction mode during 1h 30 min (30 min + 30 min + 30 min) with cyclohexane. Afterwords, the passive samplers were placed in a drinking water reservoir during two distinct periods - 10 days and 6 months. After adsorption and submission to an appropriate extraction process, the extract was analyzed by HPLC-DAD-FLD for monitoring of PAH, and by GC-MS in Full Scan mode to investigate other organic compounds that have been adsorbed by the passive sampler. Concerning the monitoring of PAH, no significant traces of these compounds were found at this sampling site. In the monitoring of others organic compounds, it was found that the samplers have affinity for lubricants constituents and compounds formed during the waters disinfection process.
Libros sobre el tema "Asse HPA"
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Arthur Andersen & Co. Israel Electric Corporation asset values and depreciation policies: Report. [Israel]: Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure, Electricity Authority, 1994.
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Zi chan zheng quan hua yu jie gou hua jin rong: Chao yue jin rong de ji xian. Shanghai: Fudan da xue chu ban she, 2013.
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HALES. Pers Self Asst Hea Br. 4a ed. Brooks Cole, 2005.
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Hales. PERS SELF ASST INV HEA BR. International Thomson Publishing, 2001.
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Botti, Federica. L'Eutanasia in Svizzera. Bononia University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30682/sg233.
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Tra i paesi che consentono il ricorso all’eutanasia, la Svizzera presenta elementi peculiari e caratteristici. Il suo codice penale punisce, ancora oggi, sia l’aiuto al suicidio sia l’omicidio su richiesta. Non viene punito chi ha provocato la morte di un altro senza motivi egoistici o di interesse, affidando in questo modo la gestione delle attività di fine vita all’autotutela. Questo volume, facendo ricorso alle categorie del pluralismo ideologico e normativo, ricostruisce le basi teoriche, giuridiche e filosofiche, del modo di operare dell’ordinamento svizzero, dando conto delle recenti modifiche della Costituzione e inquadrando le pratiche di fine vita nel contesto del sistema sanitario elvetico. L’autrice ricostruisce con puntigliosa attenzione le disposizioni emanate dall’Accademia Svizzera delle Scienze Mediche (ASSM) in materia di cure palliative e di ricorso alle pratiche eutanasiche e analizza le disposizioni che regolano il testamento di fine vita e il ruolo del diritto tutorio, i riflessi del ricorso alle pratiche eutanasiche in rapporto alla stipula delle assicurazioni sulla vita e la funzione di associazioni di sostegno al suicidio assistito, quali Exit e Dignitas. Introduzione di Marco Ventura.
Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Asse HPA"
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Praticò, F., R. Vaiana, T. Iuele y A. Puppala. "HMA sustainability". En Sustainability, Eco-efficiency, and Conservation in Transportation Infrastructure Asset Management, 641–46. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16730-92.
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Kitchin, Rob. "How to Lose (and Regain) 3.6 Billion Euros". En Data Lives, 45–50. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529215144.003.0006.
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This chapter imagines a conversation between two senior civil servants when they realize that the Irish government has lost 3.6 billion euros through a spreadsheet error. The Assistant Secretary of the Department of Finance reports to the General Secretary that the accountant was not sure how to classify a loan to the Housing Finance Agency (HFA) from the National Treasury Management Agency (NTMA). They had assumed that it might be adjusted for elsewhere in the General Government Debt calculations, but it was not. As such, the government debt appears twice in the national accounts, once as an asset for the NTMA and once as a liability for the HFA. The General Secretary then asks why the data entry error was not picked up. The Assistant Secretary answers that everybody assumed that somebody else had dealt with it. The accounts got returned, nobody spotted the mistake, and everyone moved onto to other tasks.
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"Fu, C.C. and Colville, J., "Inelastic Analysis of Continuous Composite Highway Bridges", CE Report No. 62, University of Maryland, College Park, MD., Dec. 1975. 6. Heins, C.P., "LFD Criteria For Composite Steel I-Beam Bridges", ASCE Journal Of The Structural Division, November 1980. 7. Walker, W.H., "Lateral Load Distribution In Multi-Girder Bridges", Proceedings of the AISC National Engineering Conference, Nashville, Tennessee - June 12-14, 1986. 8. Hays, C.O., Sessions, L.M. and Berry, A.J., "Further Studies On Lateral Load Distribution Using a Finite Element Method", Transportation Research Record 1072, Transportation Research Board (TRB), Washington, D.C. 1986. 9. Arendts, J., "Study Of Experimental and Theoretical Load Distribution In Highway Bridges”, M.S. Thesis, Iowa State University, December, 1967. 10. Gurbuz, Orhan, Theories of Transverse Load Distribution On Simple-Span (non-skewed) Beam-And-Slab Bridges", M.S. Thesis, Iowa State University, 1968. 11. Sanders, W.W., Jr. and Elleby, H.A., "Distribution of Wheel Loads On Highway Bridges", NCHRP Report 83, 1970 12. Jones, R.A., "A Simple Alogorithm for Computing Load Distribution In Multi-Beam Bridge Decks", ARRB (Australia Road Research Board) proceedings, Vol. 8, 1976. 13. McDougle, E.A., Bryan, R.H., Burdette, E.G. and Goodpasture, D.W., "Lateral Load Distribution For Two Continuous Steel Girder Highway Bridges", Transportation Research Record 607, 1976. 14. Culham, G.A. and Ghali, A. "Distribution Of Wheel Loads on Bridge Girders", Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 4,1977." En Composite Steel Structures, 53. CRC Press, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482286359-13.
Texto completoActas de conferencias sobre el tema "Asse HPA"
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Park, Kwangyong, Byungil Yang, Insoo Kim, Kyungic Jang, Sangwon Myoung, Chanyoung Park y Andrea Scrivani. "Effects of Phase Contents in Feedstock Powder and Methods of Thermal Shock Test on Lifetime of Thermal Barrier Coatings". En ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-75045.
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The thermal durability of thermal barrier coating systems (TBCs) obtained using feedstock powders with different purity and phase content was investigated by thermal shock testing with different cycle times, including the effects on the sintering and phase transformation behaviors. Three kinds of 8 wt.% yttria-stabilized zirconia, namely regular purity (8YSZ), high purity (HP1 and HP2), and no monoclinic phase (NMP), were employed to prepare top coats by atmospheric plasma spraying on a NiCoCrAlY bond coat using a high-velocity oxy-fuel system. Use of 8YSZ, HP1, HP2, and NMP for plasma spraying affected the microstructure and lifetime of the TBC in furnace cyclic testing (FCT) at 1100 °C with 24 hour and 1 hour cycle times. In 24h cycling time, the TBCs deposited using NMP powder showed the highest durability, while that formed from HP showed lifetime performance similar to that obtained with regular purity 8YSZ. The TBC obtained with nMP also exhibited the lowest monoclinic phase transition rate, followed by those obtained using HP and 8YSZ. However, the 1 hour cycle test had the opposite result. Therefore, the coating material should be selected depending on the usage environment.
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Fujisaki, Kazuhiro, Shigeru Tadano y Naoki Sasaki. "Bone Tissue Strain and Lattice Strain of HAp Crystals Under Tensile Loading". En ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59253.
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Bone tissue is a composite material composed of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and collagen. Because HAp in bone tissue is a crystal structure, the X-ray diffraction method is available to measure the lattice strain of HAp. A relationship between macroscopic bone tissue strain and lattice strain of HAp in a bone specimen was investigated using X-ray strain measurement under tensile loading. The strip specimens were cut from cortical bone in a shaft of bovine femur. As a result, lattice strains of HAp showed lower value than the bone tissue strain. The strain ratio of the HAp crystals to the bone tissue was formulated with an elastic modulus and volume fraction of HAp in the bone tissue.
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Miller, Kyle, Nicole Key y Roy Fulayter. "Tip Clearance Effects on the Final Stage of an HPC". En 45th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-5213.
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Wong, Shing-Chung y Avinash Baji. "Fracture Behavior of Hydroxyapatite-Filled Polycaprolactone". En ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14109.
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This paper reports some fracture characterization results of hydroxyapatite (HAP)-filled poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). For the fracture toughness tests, the HAP concentration was steadily increased. The effect of HAP phase in PCL on the fracture and tearing toughnesses was investigated. The techniques of essential work of fracture (EWF) and tear strength were attempted. T-peel test was also used to evaluate the adhesive bond strength between HAP and PCL components using compression molded PCL-HAP-PCL laminates. Little is reported on the interfacial adhesion properties between bioactive components in scaffold development. The influence of PCL layer thickness (1.25, 2.5 and 3.5 mm) on adhesive strength between HAP and PCL was investigated. The adhesion between HAP and PCL components was found to be relatively strong; however, the thickness of PCL layers did not significantly influence the adhesive strength.
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Cheng, Gary J. y Chang Ye. "Experiment, Thermal Simulation and Characterizations on Transmission Laser Coating of Hydroxyapatite on Metal Implant". En ASME 2008 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 3rd JSME/ASME International Conference on Materials and Processing. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec_icmp2008-72290.
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Coating of bioceramic material — Hydroxyapatite (HAp) — on metal implant has attracted many attentions in biomedical industry recently because its combination of good mechanical property and biocompatibility. However, most of current HAp coatings are lack of coating/substrate interfacial strength, and/or biocompatibility. The cell-tissue attachment is affected by the degraded biocompatibility due to decomposition of HAp during high temperature processing. In this paper, an innovative method — transmission laser coating is investigated to coat HAp on Ti substrate with low temperature processing. This process enhances the HAp/Metal interfacial property of current coatings, while maintaining good biocompatibility. Experiments are conducted using a continuous Nd-YAG laser. Multiphysics simulation is conducted to simulate the temperature distribution in coatings and substrates during TLC processing. X-ray energy dispersion spectrum is used to measure the chemical composition of HAp coatings after TLC process. Pull-out tests are conducted to measure the interfacial strength between the HAp coating and Ti substrate. Cell culture study is conducted to qualitatively evaluate the biocompatibility after TLC of HAp particles. These results show that TLC processing will open new ways of producing biocompatible bioceramic coatings with controlled thickness, and at low processing temperature.
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Min, Hequn, Xiaoyang Huang, Qide Zhang y Xin Xia. "Narrowband Performance of Active Control on Flow-Induced Vibrations Inside Hard Disk Drives". En ASME 2013 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isps2013-2810.
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This paper presents an experimental study of digital narrowband active control on the flow-induced vibrations (FIV) on the head gimbals assembly (HGA) in a working hard disk drive (HDD). Firstly, the modal testing on the HDD was carried out, in which the disk modes were analyzed with a 1-D laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) and the HGA vibration modes with a 3-D LDV. Secondly, a digital feedback control close-loop was implemented in experiments to suppress the FIV spectrum peaks on the HGA. In this close-loop, the HGA vibrations detected by the LDV were used as feedback error signals, then the signals was passed through a digital controller to generate feedback signals to drive a piezoelectric disk to actuate feedback acoustic pressure around the HGA. Active control experiments were conducted in narrow bands on five principal peaks in the HGA off-plate vibration spectrum, around 1256Hz, 1428Hz, 2141Hz, 2519Hz and 3469Hz, respectively. It is shown that distinct suppression of at least 10 dB can be achieved on all these HGA vibration peaks.
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Achariyaviriya, Siva y Methawut Chotswasd. "Effects of the Fraction of Evaporator Bypass Air on Heat Pump Dryer Performance". En ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37190.
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The purposes of this research were to study the effects of the fraction of evaporator bypass (BP) on heat pump dryer performance and the energy efficiency of two systems of heat pump dryer: the Vary Speed Drive Heat Pump Dryer (VSD-HPD) and the Bypass Working Fluid Heat Pump Dryer (BWF-HPD). For the VSD-HPD, the speed of the compressor varied by using the inverter to control the heating load inside the drying chamber and for the BWF-HPD, the external condenser was used to control the heating load inside the drying chamber. The laboratory scale heat pump dryer was constructed by combining these two systems into one. These experiments used the sliced bananas as the testing materials. The diameter of each sliced banana was 30–35 mm. and the thickness was 5 mm. the initial moisture content of sliced banana was approximately 215–229% dry basis. The experiments were carried out by using the fraction of evaporator bypass as 60%, 70%, and 80% consequently. The working system of this heat pump dryer is the closed loop system which has the constant temperature as 60 °C and the air velocity is 1.27 m/s. This present study is conducted to find out the drying rate (DR) and the specific moisture extraction rate (SMER) of both heat pump dryers. It can be concluded that the BP had slight effect on the performance of the VSD-HPD whereas it mostly affected the performance of the BWF-HPD. The comparison of the average DR and SMER of these two systems of heat pump dryers from all experiments presented that the obtained rate of the VSD-HPD were better than the BWF-HPD. The average SMER of VSD-HPD with 60% BP was 0.55 kg water evaporated/kW h.
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Alderman, Steven, Michael Parsons, Kristina Hogancamp, O. Perry Norton y Charles Waggoner. "Evaluation of the Effects of Media Velocity on HEPA Filter Performance". En The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7075.
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Section FC of the ASME AG-1 Code addresses glass fiber HEPA filters and restricts the media velocity to a maximum of 2.54 cm/s (5 ft/min). Advances in filter media technology allow glass fiber HEPA filters to function at significantly higher velocities and still achieve HEPA performance. However, diffusional capture of particles < 100 nm is reduced at higher media velocities due to shorter residence times within the media matrix. Therefore, it is unlikely that higher media velocities for HEPA filters will be allowed without data to demonstrate the effect of media velocity on removal of particles in the smaller size classes. In order to address this issue, static testing has been conducted to generate performance related data and a range of dynamic testing has provided data regarding filter lifetimes, loading characteristics, changes in filter efficiency and the most penetrating particle size over time. Testing was conducted using 31 cm × 31 cm × 29 cm deep pleat HEPA filters supplied from two manufacturers. Testing was conducted at media velocities ranging from 2.0–4.5 cm/s with a solid aerosol challenge composed of potassium chloride. Two set of media velocity data were obtained for each filter type. In one set of evaluations, the maximum aerosol challenge particle size was limited to 3 μm, while particles above 3 μm were not constrained in the second set. This provided for considerable variability in the challenge mass mean diameter and overall mass loading rate. Results of this testing will be provided to the ASME AG-1 FC Committee for consideration in future versions of the HEPA standard. In general, the initial filter efficiency decreased with increasing media velocity. However, initial filter efficiencies were generally good in all cases. Filter efficiency values averaged over the first ten minute of the loading cycle ranged from 99.970 to 99.996%. Additionally, the most penetrating particle size was observed to decrease with increasing media velocity, with initial values ranging from 194 to 134 nm.
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Vanderpool, Rebecca y Naomi C. Chesler. "The Effects of Vasoactive Agents on Impedance Measures in the Pulmonary Circulation of Mice". En ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176450.
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Pulmonary hypertension is a potentially fatal disease, resulting from chronic obstructive or interstitial lung disease, recurrent pulmonary emboli, antecedent heart disease, hypoxia or other unknown causes [1]. Pulmonary hypertension causes vascular remodeling with smooth muscle cell (SMC) hyperplasia and hypertrophy and accumulation of collagen and elastin [2]. This remodeling increases pulmonary vascular resistance, which can lead to increases in steady right ventricular work [3]. The effects of remodeling on pulmonary vascular impedance, which determines pulsatile right ventricular work, remain incompletely described. We have previously quantified the effects of chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) on pulmonary vascular impedance [4] but did not investigate the role of SMC tone either before or after HPH. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of normal and increased SMC tone on pulsatile pulmonary hemodynamics before and after HPH-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling. We hypothesized that SMC contraction would increase input resistance but decrease the speed of wave reflections. We also hypothesized that increased arteriolar muscularization after HPH would lead to greater increases in resistance and greater decreases in wave reflections with increased SMC tone.
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Min, Hequn, Xiaoyang Huang y Qide Zhang. "Virtual Sensing in Local Active Suppression on Pressure Fluctuations for Controlling Flow-Induced Vibration in Hard Disk Drives". En ASME 2012 Noise Control and Acoustics Division Conference at InterNoise 2012. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ncad2012-1403.
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Numerical simulations are presented on a feedback active control strategy for flow-induced off-track vibration of the head gimbals assembly (HGA) supporting the slider in hard disk drives, through suppressing pressure fluctuations around the HGA. A virtual sensing method is employed to enable the feedback signal changeable from pressure fluctuations at the physical sensor position to those at single “virtual sensor” positions closely around the HGA or a spatial average of pressure fluctuations along an HGA surface. Based on a linear control methodology, performance of the proposed active control strategy with different feedback signals has been investigated in two-dimensional simulations, where a physical pressure sensor and a pressure actuator are assumed on the inner-surface of the HDD cover to detect the pressure fluctuations and to actuate active pressure oscillations into HDD space respectively. The results show effective control on the HGA off-track vibration when the feedback signal is configured to minimize pressure fluctuations at specific positions closely around the HGA, such as the wake region. It is also shown that satisfying control effect can be achieved on the HGA off-track vibration in the global spectrum when the feedback signal is configured to minimize the spatial average of pressure fluctuations along the upper surface of the HGA.
Informes sobre el tema "Asse HPA"
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Schamiloglu, Edl y Sarita Project. Innovative Advances in HPM: From Metamaterials to Buridan's Ass. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, julio de 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada609698.
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Everett, Stephanie, Nathee Athigakunagorn, Wubeshet Woldermariam, Vinay Varadarajan, Mohammad Arman, Arash Roshandeh, Konstantina Gkritza, Samuel Labi y Kumares Sinha. Impact of HEA-1481 on Indiana’s Highway Revenue Generation, Asset Degradation, Modal Distribution, and Economic Development and Competitiveness. Purdue University, diciembre de 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284315514.
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Cheng, DingXin, Gary Hicks y Roger D. Smith. Manual for Asphalt Pavement Repair and Resurfacing Preparation. Mineta Transportation Institute, julio de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2103.
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Timely repairs of pavement defects are essential in protecting an important investment and asset that public agencies have. These repairs may be made as durable “stand-alone” repairs of isolated problems, or as part of preparations for a total resurfacing. This manual provides basic information on the planning, materials and construction aspects of common pavement repairs such as crack sealing, crack filling, and patching, as well as a broader look at other preparations needed for total resurfacing a pavement, whether the resurfacing is a surface treatment or a thin hot mix asphalt (HMA) overlay.
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Hostetler, Steven, Cathy Whitlock, Bryan Shuman, David Liefert, Charles Wolf Drimal y Scott Bischke. Greater Yellowstone climate assessment: past, present, and future climate change in greater Yellowstone watersheds. Montana State University, junio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/gyca2021.
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The Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) is one of the last remaining large and nearly intact temperate ecosystems on Earth (Reese 1984; NPSa undated). GYA was originally defined in the 1970s as the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, which encompassed the minimum range of the grizzly bear (Schullery 1992). The boundary was enlarged through time and now includes about 22 million acres (8.9 million ha) in northwestern Wyoming, south central Montana, and eastern Idaho. Two national parks, five national forests, three wildlife refuges, 20 counties, and state and private lands lie within the GYA boundary. GYA also includes the Wind River Indian Reservation, but the region is the historical home to several Tribal Nations. Federal lands managed by the US Forest Service, the National Park Service, the Bureau of Land Management, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service amount to about 64% (15.5 million acres [6.27 million ha] or 24,200 square miles [62,700 km2]) of the land within the GYA. The federal lands and their associated wildlife, geologic wonders, and recreational opportunities are considered the GYA’s most valuable economic asset. GYA, and especially the national parks, have long been a place for important scientific discoveries, an inspiration for creativity, and an important national and international stage for fundamental discussions about the interactions of humans and nature (e.g., Keiter and Boyce 1991; Pritchard 1999; Schullery 2004; Quammen 2016). Yellowstone National Park, established in 1872 as the world’s first national park, is the heart of the GYA. Grand Teton National Park, created in 1929 and expanded to its present size in 1950, is located south of Yellowstone National Park1 and is dominated by the rugged Teton Range rising from the valley of Jackson Hole. The Gallatin-Custer, Shoshone, Bridger-Teton, Caribou-Targhee, and Beaverhead-Deerlodge national forests encircle the two national parks and include the highest mountain ranges in the region. The National Elk Refuge, Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge, and Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge also lie within GYA.