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Literatura académica sobre el tema "AROP"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 25 de mayo de 2024

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "AROP"

Cosgriff, Angela J., Geoff Brasier, Jing Pi, Con Dogovski, Joseph P. Sarsero y A. J. Pittard. "A Study of AroP-PheP Chimeric Proteins and Identification of a Residue Involved in Tryptophan Transport". Journal of Bacteriology 182, n.º 8 (15 de abril de 2000): 2207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.8.2207-2217.2000.

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ABSTRACT In vivo recombination has been used to make a series of AroP-PheP chimeric proteins. Analysis of their respective substrate profiles and activities has identified a small region within span III of AroP which can confer on a predominantly PheP protein the ability to transport tryptophan. Site-directed mutagenesis of the AroP-PheP chimera, PheP, and AroP has established that a key residue involved in tryptophan transport is tyrosine at position 103 in AroP. Phenylalanine is the residue at the corresponding position in PheP. The use of PheP-specific antisera has shown that the inability of certain chimeras to transport any of the aromatic amino acids is not a result of instability or a failure to be inserted into the membrane. Site-directed mutagenesis has identified two significant AroP-specific residues, alanine 107 and valine 114, which are the direct cause of loss of transport activity in chimeras such as A152P. These residues replace a glycine and an alanine in PheP and flank a highly conserved glutamate at position 110. Some suggestions are made as to the possible functions of these residues in the tertiary structure of the proteins.

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Dwivedi, Anamika, Deepak Dwivedi, Sujata Lakhtakia y Chalisgaonkar Charudutt. "Anatomical outcome of laser treatment alone in aggressive retinopathy of prematurity". Oman Journal of Ophthalmology 17, n.º 1 (2024): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ojo.ojo_222_22.

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Abstract PURPOSE: The purpose is to study the anatomical outcome of eyes in aggressive retinopathy of prematurity (AROP), treated with laser photocoagulation alone and to evaluate factors affecting outcomes. METHODS: Records of consecutive babies diagnosed with AROP, undergoing laser photocoagulation treatment in rural tertiary care centers from October 2016 to January 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. Anatomical outcome at 6 months follow-up was grouped as good in eyes with complete regression and poor in those who developed retinal detachment (stage IV a, IV b, and V). Both groups were compared with respect to the period of gestation, birth weight (BW), age at screening, age at treatment, zone of disease, presence of retinal fibrovascular proliferation (FVP), tunica vasculosa lentis, preretinal bleed, need for supplement laser, and associated systemic risk factors. RESULTS: Of the total of 2468 babies screened, 124 (5.02%) were diagnosed with severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), of which 54 (43.5%) lasered AROP babies were analyzed. Mean BW and gestation period of the AROP cohort were 1.43 kg and 31.1 weeks, respectively. Eighty-six eyes (79.6%) had good outcomes with laser photocoagulation alone. Posterior location of disease, presence of FVP, neonatal sepsis, shock, and late screening for ROP were found to be factors associated with poor outcomes. CONCLUSION: Adequate and timely treatment with laser photocoagulation in AROP can achieve good treatment outcomes in a significant proportion of babies. Although a combined approach using laser, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor and early vitrectomy is better, laser remains a viable treatment option in AROP, especially with limited resources and high risk of loss to follow-up.

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Sen, Parveen, Pramod Bhende y Puja Maitra. "Surgical outcomes in aggressive retinopathy of prematurity (AROP)-related retinal detachments". Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 71, n.º 11 (20 de octubre de 2023): 3454–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_2999_22.

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Introduction: Aggressive retinopathy of prematurity (AROP) is a severe and progressive variant of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) rapidly forming fibrous tissue extending from the disc toward the posterior lens surface progressing to Stage 5 disease without traversing the classical course that includes Stages 1 to 3. Since AROP behaves differently from type 1 ROP, this study was undertaken to evaluate the surgical outcome of AROP-related detachments. Methods: Retrospective analysis of data from electronic medical records of babies diagnosed with AROP-related detachments who underwent micro-incision vitrectomy surgery (MIVS) was included. The demographic data, details of primary intervention (laser and/or intravitreal bevacizumab), and surgery were noted. In a subset of patients, surgical intervention was planned early at the onset of fibrovascular tissue. Results: 43 eyes of 26 babies with median birth weight 1175 g and median gestational age of 29 weeks were analyzed. 42/43 eyes underwent primary intervention in form of laser and/or anti-VEGF injection before surgery. 41.8%, 25.5%, and 32.5% eyes progressed to stages 4A, 4B, and 5, respectively, requiring surgical intervention. 66% eyes underwent lensectomy and vitrectomy (LV), and 44% eyes underwent lens sparring vitrectomy (LSV). 58% eyes had attached macula. 44% eyes that had a relatively less vascular diseases had better anatomical outcome (P = 0.019). At final follow-up, 53.4% eyes followed or at least had light fixation, and 77.7% eyes undergoing LSV fixated and/or followed light compared to 33% for LV (P = 0.04). Conclusion: Challenges in AROP include rapid progression to advanced stages of ROP requiring close monitoring and multiple interventions. Surgeries for AROP have a favorable anatomical and functional outcome in 58% and 53%, respectively. Eyes undergoing lens sparing vitrectomy had better visual outcomes.

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Yomantas, Yurgis A. V., Irina L. Tokmakova, Natalya V. Gorshkova, Elena G. Abalakina, Svetlana M. Kazakova, Evgueni R. Gak y Sergey V. Mashko. "Aromatic Amino Acid Auxotrophs Constructed by Recombinant Marker Exchange in Methylophilus methylotrophus AS1 Cells Expressing the aroP-Encoded Transporter of Escherichia coli". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, n.º 1 (30 de octubre de 2009): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02217-09.

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ABSTRACT The isolation of auxotrophic mutants, which is a prerequisite for a substantial genetic analysis and metabolic engineering of obligate methylotrophs, remains a rather complicated task. We describe a novel method of constructing mutants of the bacterium Methylophilus methylotrophus AS1 that are auxotrophic for aromatic amino acids. The procedure begins with the Mu-driven integration of the Escherichia coli gene aroP, which encodes the common aromatic amino acid transporter, into the genome of M. methylotrophus. The resulting recombinant strain, with improved permeability to certain amino acids and their analogues, was used for mutagenesis. Mutagenesis was carried out by recombinant substitution of the target genes in the chromosome by linear DNA using the FLP-excisable marker flanked with cloned homologous arms longer than 1,000 bp. M. methylotrophus AS1 genes trpE, tyrA, pheA, and aroG were cloned in E. coli, sequenced, disrupted in vitro using a Kmr marker, and electroporated into an aroP carrier recipient strain. This approach led to the construction of a set of marker-less M. methylotrophus AS1 mutants auxotrophic for aromatic amino acids. Thus, introduction of foreign amino acid transporter genes appeared promising for the following isolation of desired auxotrophs on the basis of different methylotrophic bacteria.

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Giri, Chandan, Jen-Yu Chang, Pierre Canisius Mbarushimana y Paul A. Rupar. "The Anionic Polymerization of a tert-Butyl-Carboxylate-Activated Aziridine". Polymers 14, n.º 16 (10 de agosto de 2022): 3253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14163253.

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N-Sulfonyl-activated aziridines are known to undergo anionic-ring-opening polymerizations (AROP) to form polysulfonyllaziridines. However, the post-polymerization deprotection of the sulfonyl groups from polysulfonyllaziridines remains challenging. In this report, the polymerization of tert-butyl aziridine-1-carboxylate (BocAz) is reported. BocAz has an electron-withdrawing tert-butyloxycarbonyl (BOC) group on the aziridine nitrogen. The BOC group activates the aziridine for AROP and allows the synthesis of low-molecular-weight poly(BocAz) chains. A 13C NMR spectroscopic analysis of poly(BocAz) suggested that the polymer is linear. The attainable molecular weight of poly(BocAz) is limited by the poor solubility of poly(BocAz) in AROP-compatible solvents. The deprotection of poly(BocAz) using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) cleanly produces linear polyethyleneimine. Overall, these results suggest that carbonyl groups, such as BOC, can play a larger role in the in the activation of aziridines in anionic polymerization and in the synthesis of polyimines.

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Ruggeri, Arianna, Anne Arvola, Antonella Samoggia y Vaiva Hendrixson. "Food behaviours of Italian consumers at risk of poverty". British Food Journal 117, n.º 11 (2 de noviembre de 2015): 2831–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-12-2014-0417.

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Purpose – At a European level, Italy experiences one of the highest percentages of population at risk of poverty (AROP). However, studies on this consumer segment are scarce. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the food behaviours of Italian female consumers, distinguishing similarities and differences due to age and level of income. Design/methodology/approach – The investigation adopted an inductive approach in order to analyse and confirm the determinants of food behaviours. Data were collected through four focus groups. Data elaboration included content analyses with term frequency – inverse document frequency index and multidimensional scaling technique. Findings – The food behaviours of Italian female consumers are based on a common set of semantic categories and theoretical dimensions that are coherent with those applied by previous studies. The age of consumers impacts the relevance attributed to the categories and income contributes to the explanation of the conceptual relations among the categories that determine food behaviours. The approach to food of younger and mature consumers AROP is strongly driven by constraints such as price and time. The study did not confirm a link between a poor health attitude and low socio-economic status. Research limitations/implications – The outcomes achieved can be strengthened by quantitative analyses to characterise the relations occurring among the factors and dimensions that influence the food behaviours of consumers AROP. Originality/value – The study increases knowledge about Italian female consumers and provides an initial contribution to the analysis of the food behaviour of the population AROP.

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Hughes, K. T., J. R. Roth y B. M. Olivera. "A genetic characterization of the nadC gene of Salmonella typhimurium." Genetics 127, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 1991): 657–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/127.4.657.

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Abstract The nadC gene of Salmonella encodes the pyridine biosynthetic enzyme PRPP-quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase. Using a combination of genetic techniques, a deletion map for the Salmonella nadC gene has been generated which includes over 100 point mutants and 18 deletion intervals. The nadC alleles obtained by hydroxylamine mutagenesis include those suppressed by either amber, ochre, or UGA nonsense suppressors as well as alleles suppressed by the missense suppressor, sumA. Deletions were obtained by three separate protocols including spontaneous selection for loss of the nearby aroP gene, recombination between aroP::MudA and nadC::MudA insertion alleles, and selection for spontaneous loss of tetracycline resistance in a nearby guaC::Tn10dTc insertion mutant allele. The nadC mutants comprise one complementation group and the nadC+ allele is dominant to simple, nadC auxotrophic mutant alleles. Intragenic complementation of two nadC alleles, nadC493 and nadC494, mapping to deletion intervals 17 and 18, respectively, suggests that nadC encodes a multimeric enzyme. Both nadC and the nearby aroP locus are transcribed counterclockwise on the standard genetic map of Salmonella, in opposite orientation to the direction of chromosome replication.

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Yang, Ji, Peixiang Wang y A. J. Pittard. "Mechanism of Repression of the aroP P2 Promoter by the TyrR Protein of Escherichia coli". Journal of Bacteriology 181, n.º 20 (15 de octubre de 1999): 6411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.20.6411-6418.1999.

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ABSTRACT Previously, we have shown that expression of the Escherichia coli aroP P2 promoter is partially repressed by the TyrR protein alone and strongly repressed by the TyrR protein in the presence of the coeffector tyrosine or phenylalanine (P. Wang, J. Yang, and A. J. Pittard, J. Bacteriol. 179:4206–4212, 1997). Here we present in vitro results showing that the TyrR protein and RNA polymerase can bind simultaneously to the aroP P2 promoter. In the presence of tyrosine, the TyrR protein inhibits open complex formation at the P2 promoter, whereas in the absence of any coeffector or in the presence of phenylalanine, the TyrR protein inhibits a step(s) following the formation of open complexes. We also present mutational evidence which implicates the N-terminal domain of the TyrR protein in the repression of P2 expression. The TyrR binding site of aroP, which includes one weak and one strong TyrR box, is located 5 bp downstream of the transcription start site of P2. Results from a mutational analysis show that the strong box (which is located more closely to the P2 promoter), but not the weak box, plays a critical role in P2 repression.

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Cuneo, G., C. Cesarini, D. Cianfrini y B. Gambi. "Osteopetrosi autosomica recessiva Diagnosi neonatale". Rivista di Neuroradiologia 15, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2002): 757–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140090201500615.

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Le osteopetrosi sono un raro gruppo eterogeneo di condizioni patologiche, caratterizzate da aumento della densità dell'osso dovuto ad un disordine del riassorbimento da parte degli osteoclasti. Esse sono più frequenti in gruppi etnici all'interno dei quali sono presenti consanguinei. Ne sono state descritte almeno cinque tipi, ma le forme più note sono la autosomica recessiva (AROP, detta anche maligna), la intermedia (IOP, anch'essa recessiva ma con insorgenza più tardiva), la forma con acidosi tubulare e la autosomica dominante (ADOP). Riportiamo un caso di AROP diagnosticato in epoca neonatale (3 settimane). Esso dimostra come alcune caratteristiche radiologiche (ma non tutte), siano già presenti alla nascita. Alla luce delle recenti acquisizioni terapeutiche (soprattutto trapianto di cellule staminali), una diagnosi precoce della malattia potrebbe, pertanto, prevenire importanti modificazioni patologiche alcune delle quali gravemente invalidanti.

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Wang, Peixiang, Ji Yang, Akira Ishihama y A. J. Pittard. "Demonstration that the TyrR Protein and RNA Polymerase Complex Formed at the Divergent P3 Promoter Inhibits Binding of RNA Polymerase to the Major Promoter, P1, of the aroP Gene ofEscherichia coli". Journal of Bacteriology 180, n.º 20 (15 de octubre de 1998): 5466–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.20.5466-5472.1998.

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ABSTRACT In previous studies, we have identified three promoters (P1, P2, and P3) in the regulatory region of the Escherichia coli aroP gene (P. Wang, J. Yang, and A. J. Pittard, J. Bacteriol. 179:4206–4212, 1997). Both P1 and P2 can direct mRNA synthesis for aroP expression, whereas P3 is a divergent promoter which overlaps with P1. The repression of transcription from the major promoter, P1, has been postulated to involve the activation of the divergent promoter, P3, by the TyrR protein (P. Wang, J. Yang, B. Lawley, and A. J. Pittard, J. Bacteriol. 179:4213–4218, 1997). In the present study, we confirmed the proposed mechanism of P3-mediated repression of P1 transcription by studying the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoters P1 and P3 in vitro in the presence and absence of TyrR protein and its cofactors. Our results show that (i) only one RNA polymerase molecule can bind to the DNA fragment carrying the aroP regulatory region, (ii) RNA polymerase has a higher affinity for P1 than for either P2 or P3 and binds to P1 in the absence of TyrR protein, (iii) in the presence of TyrR protein and its cofactor, phenylalanine or tyrosine, RNA polymerase preferentially binds to P3, and (iv) RNA polymerase does not respond to the activation-defective mutant TyrR protein TyrR-RQ10 and remains bound to P1 in the presence of TyrR-RQ10 and either of the cofactors.

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Tesis sobre el tema "AROP"

Le, Luyer Simon. "Synthèse de polymères soufrés : applications aux biohybrides". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS322.pdf.

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La présence d’atomes de soufre dans une chaine macromoléculaire permet d’apporter de nombreuses propriétés au matériau polymère. Par exemple, certains polymères soufrés présentent un indice de réfraction particulièrement élevé ou une bonne résistance à la chaleur. Ils sont également des chélateurs de métaux lourds et présentent des propriétés diélectriques améliorées. Par conséquent, ils trouvent des applications dans un large éventail de domaines industriels allant des adhésifs et agents d'étanchéité d'usage courant, aux produits de haute technologie, tels que des dispositifs optiques (polymères à indice de réfraction élevé), ou pour des matériaux auto-cicatrisants. En outre, les polysulfures sont couramment proposés comme matériaux oxydo-sensibles ou antioxydants pour des applications biomédicales en raison de leur comportement bien contrôlé de réponse à l'oxydation. La polymérisation par ouverture de cycle (ROP) de monomères cycliques comportant un atome de soufre est une méthode efficace qui permet de synthétiser ces polymères avec un contrôle sur la taille et la structure macromoléculaire. Les thiolactones sont des thioesters cycliques qui peuvent être utilisés en tant que monomère pour cette méthode. Cependant ces monomères sont encore peu étudiés parmi la communauté scientifique et plus particulièrement la γ-thiobutyrolactone (cycle à 5 membre), qui est peu polymérisable. Cette thèse s’intéresse au développement de nouvelles méthodes de synthèses de polymères soufrés en utilisant la γ-thiolactones. Nous proposons ici d’utiliser la γ-thiolactone pour fonctionnaliser des fonctions alcools ou amines par des chaines de poly(sulfure de propylène). En effet, l’AROP des épisulfures est une technique de synthèse bien connue et étudiée depuis les années 1960 mais l’amorçage de la polymérisation par des fonctions protiques (autres que les thiols et dérivé de thiols), induit des réactions de transfert et rend impossible le contrôle de la taille et des fins de chaines du polymère. La première partie est donc dédiée à l’utilisation de la thiolactone en tant que co-amorceur de la polymérisation contrôlée du sulfure de propylène. Cette méthode est alors appliquée à divers amorceur protiques comme les alcools et les amines, qu’ils soient aliphatiques ou aromatiques, ainsi qu’aux acides carboxyliques. De plus, les propriétés de ces polythioéthers sont évaluées, notamment leurs réponses à différents stimuli comme le pH et l’oxydation. Les applications potentielles sont également envisagées en utilisant cette méthode d’amorçage pour fonctionnaliser des molécules biologiquement actives avec des chaines de polymères soufrés et ainsi ouvrir la voie du développement de système bio-hybride ou pro-drogue. Avant le début de ce doctorat, une méthode de synthèse de polymère soufré a été développé au laboratoire en copolymérisant de façon alternée la γ-thiobutyrolactone et les époxydes par AROP. Les γ-thiolactones sont difficilement polymérisable du fait de leur faible tension de cycle mais cette méthode permet de synthétiser des poly(ester-alt-thioether)s fonctionnels dont les propriétés peuvent être modulées par la grande diversités des monomères époxydes et thiolactones théoriquement copolymériables. La deuxième partie de cette thèse est donc consacrée à l’élargissement de la gamme de monomères époxydes et thiolactones copolymérisables avec une réflexion sur le sourçage des monomères ainsi que sur le cycle de vie des matériaux. De plus, les nombreuses propriétés de cette nouvelle structure poly(ester)s soufré sont explorées. Notamment en exploitant la sensibilité au pH de la liaison ester, qui permet de dégrader et de repolymériser le poly(ester-alt-thioether). Diverses stratégies de synthèses sont étudiées afin d’obtenir un poly(thiolactone-alt-époxyde) hydrophile notamment en oxydant le groupe thioéther de l’unité de répétition ou en copolymérisant un époxyde porteur d’une fonction alcool protégée
The presence of sulphur atoms in a macromolecular chain gives the polymer material a number of properties. For example, some sulphur-containing polymers have a particularly high refractive index or good heat resistance. They can also chelate heavy metals and have improved dielectric properties. As a result, they find applications in a wide range of industrial fields, from adhesives and sealants to high-tech products such as optical devices (high refractive index polymers) and self-healing materials. In the field of energy storage, polythioethers, in particular poly(ethylene sulphide), have great potential as solid electrolytes to replace poly(ethylene oxide) in lithium-ion batteries. In addition, polysulphides are commonly proposed as oxidation-sensitive or antioxidant materials for biomedical applications due to their unique and well-controlled oxidation response behaviour. Ring-opening polymerisation (ROP) of cyclic monomers containing a sulphur atom is an efficient method for synthesising these sulphur-containing polymers with a control over size and macromolecular structure. Thiolactones are cyclic thioesters that can be used as monomers for this method. However, these monomers are still scarcely studied among the scientific community and more particularly γ-thiobutyrolactone (5-membered ring), which is poorly polymerisable. This thesis focuses on the development of new methods for the synthesis of Sulphur containing polymers using γ-thiolactones. The first method of synthesis is the anionic ring-opening polymerisation (AROP) of episulphides. Here we propose to use γ-thiolactone to functionalise alcohol or amine functions with poly(propylene sulphide) chains. AROP of episulphides is a well-known synthesis technique that has been studied since the 1960s, but polymerisation initiated by protic functions (other than thiols and thiol derivatives) induces transfer reactions and makes it impossible to control the size and structure of polymer chains. The first part is therefore devoted to the use of thiolactone as a co-initiator in the controlled polymerisation of propylene sulphide. This method is then applied to various protic initiators such as alcohols and amines, both aliphatic and aromatic, as well as carboxylic acids. In addition, the properties of these polythioethers are evaluated, in particular their responses to various stimuli such as pH and oxidation. Potential applications are also considered by using this initiation method to functionalise biologically active molecules with sulphur containing polymer chains and thus pave the way for the development of bio-hybrid or pro-drug systems. Before the beginning of this PhD, a synthesis method of sulphur containing polymers was developed in the laboratory by the alternating copolymerization of γ-thiobutyrolactone with epoxides through AROP. The γ-thiolactones are difficult to polymerise due to their low ring tension, but this method allows the synthesis of functional poly(ester-alt-thioether)s whose properties can be modulated by the wide diversity of epoxy and thiolactone monomers that are theoretically copolymerisable. The second part of this thesis is therefore devoted to extend the range of copolymerisable epoxides and thiolactones monomers, with a focus on monomer sourcing and the life cycle of materials. In addition, the many properties of this new sulphur containing poly(ester)s structure are being explored. In particular, by exploiting the pH sensitivity of the ester bond, which enables the poly(ester-alt-thioether) to be degraded and repolymerised. Various synthetic strategies are being studied to obtain a hydrophilic poly(thiolactone-alt-epoxide), in particular by oxidizing the thioether group of the repeating unit or by copolymerising an epoxide bearing a protected alcohol function

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Oppermann, Matthias. "Raymond Aron und Deutschland : die Verteidigung der Freiheit und das Problem des Totalitarismus". Ostfildern Thorbecke, 2008. http://d-nb.info/986633941/04.

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Dias, Junior Antonio Carlos 1977. "A sociologia política de Raymond Aron". [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280481.

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Orientador: Josúe Pereira da Silva
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: A tese trata da obra do filósofo e sociólogo francês Raymond Aron (1905-1983), de seu percurso intelectual e, especificamente, da sociologia política presente no conjunto de sua produção intelectual, com especial ênfase em suas obras acadêmicas e cursos proferidos em diversas instituições de ensino, como a Sorbonne e o Collège de France. Filósofo de formação, mas sociólogo, professor e jornalista por ofício, Aron produziu extensa obra sobre diversos temas: da filosofia à sociologia, passando pela economia, história, guerra, política francesa, marxismo, relações internacionais e história das ideias, dentre outros assuntos. A percepção política presente na sociologia aroniana é discutida em quatro momentos: formação filosófica; publicação da trilogia sobre a sociedade industrial e de As etapas do pensamento sociológico; crítica a K. Marx e ao regime soviético; e crítica dos mitos da esquerda e dos marxismos imaginários. O trabalho oferece ainda uma análise biobibliográfica de Raymond Aron, além de um levantamento completo dos trabalhos (livros e teses acadêmicas) a seu respeito
Abstract: The thesis treats about the work of french philosopher and sociologist Raymond Aron (1905-1983), of his intellectual course and, specifically, about political sociology present in the whole of his intellectual production, with special emphasis in his academical works and university studies pronounced in several institutions of teaching, like Sorbonne and Collège de France. Graduated philosopher, but sociologist, master and journalist by charge, Aron produced a vast work about several themes: from philosophy to sociology, through the economy, history, war, french politics, marxism, diplomacy and history of ideas, among other matters. The political perception present in aronian sociology is debated in four moments: philosophical development, publication of trilogy about the industrial society and Main Currents in Sociological Thought; critique to K. Marx and the soviet regime; and critique of the left myths and imaginary marxisms. The work offers yet a biobliographical analysis of Raymond Aron, yonder a complete survey of works (books and academical thesis) to concern him
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Sociologia
Doutor em Sociologia

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Chebel, d'Appollonia Ariane. "Morale et politique chez Raymond Aron". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993IEPP0027.

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Le rapport entre morale et politique constitue l'un des thèmes essentiels de la pensée de R. Aron. Son étude permet de mieux comprendre les relations qui existent dans l'oeuvre de ce dernier entre philosophie et de l'histoire, théorie du politique et sociologie, et de mieux saisir la nature et la portée de l'engagement du "spectateur engagé". Après une analyse de la biographie et de l'autobiographie de Raymond Aron, une présentation de l'oeuvre révèle l'importance accordée à l'antinomie classique entre valeurs morales et valeurs politiques, et l'attachement de R. Aron à la "politique de l 'entendement". Influencé par Max Weber, R. Aron reprend l'opposition entre morale de la responsabilité et morale de la conviction à la fois dans l'analyse du politique et dans l'élaboration des règles politico-morales du commentateur politique. Mais la réévaluation de la personnalité de R. Aron, notamment dans son rapport au judaïsme, à la gauche et aux "moralistes", puis de sa méthodologie et de sa praxis démontre que R. Aron a tenté de surmonter cette antinomie classique à l'aide de l'idée de la raison. Idéal régulateur de la connaissance historique et de la théorisation du politique, cette idée de raison tend à devenir un idéal moral qui fonde une éthique. Cette éthique couronne l'oeuvre de R. Aron et a influencé ses prises de position
The relation between ethics and politics constitutes one of the major issues of Raymond Aron's thought. Its study permits to understand better the relations in his work between philosophy of history, theory of politics and sociology, and to perceive the nature and the scope of the commitment of the "spectateur engagé". After an analysis of the biography and auto-biography of R. Aron, a presentation of the work reveals the importance given to the classic antinomy between moral values and political values, and the attachment of R. Aron to the "politics of understanding". Influenced by Max Weber, R. Aron takes up the opposition between ethics of responsibility and ethics of conviction in his analysis of politics as well as in the elaboration of the politico-moral rules of the political commentator. But the revaluation of the personality of R. Aron, especially in its links to judaism, to the left-wing and to moralists, of his methodology and praxis shows that R. Aron has tried to overcome this classic antinomy with the help of the idea of reason. A regulator ideal of historical knowledge and of theorisation of politics, this idea of reason tends to become a moral ideal which founds an ethics. This ethics is the crowning achievement of his work and has influenced his stands

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Liu, Yan Qing. "Raymond Aron et le problème allemand". Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0050.

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Heuberger, Rachel. "Aron Freimann und die Wissenschaft des Judentums". Tübingen : M. Niemeyer, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410517495.

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Krappmann, Sven Kurt. "Biosynthesis of Aromatic Amino Acids in Yeast and Aspergillus". Doctoral thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-000D-F20C-1.

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Stjärndahl, Rickard y Tobias Aronsson. "Problemanalys vid Aros Quality Group Enclosure Systems AB". Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Industrial Engineering and Management, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-501.

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The aim of this report is to increase the knowledge and understanding of the problems within the production at AQ Enclosure systems, and thereby achieve a more stable flow throughout the whole process, a better working environment and better competition advantages. The internal flow along with the external cooperation is very important for the company, because it views flexibility and short leadtime as it is the most important competitive means. The part of AQ production that’s been investigated is the manufacturing of ATM-machines, where the costumer is Banqit. This company is a rater small company with about 4 % of the world market of ATM-machines.

In order to achieve the aim of the report extensive interviews have been carried out with employees at AQ. Employees in both the administrative part as well as the manufacturing part has been interviewed. The interviews have been conducted in a way were the respondents have had the opportunity to study the questions in advance.

The survey has given a result which indicates problem over a wide scale. A lot of the company problems do not lie in a particular department; they rather include the whole company. The picture of their problems became more complex whereas different respondents look at the same problems in different ways. One big difference in views was clearly identified between office staff and the producing staff. The problems that emerged were not related to lack of machine capability, the problems were rather linked to the managing of production and organization. One example of this problem is the producing personnel’s lack of knowledge and commitment to the company philosophy. The problems concerning management also reflect in a rather strong feeling that divides the company in two, us and them. This feeling affects the whole production line. The producing personnel feels that the office lack understanding of their everyday work and don’t encourage suggestions concerning process evolvement. One other big problem concerning AQ’s production is that some of their key suppliers are either single source or locked from their costumer Banqit.

The conclusions of the report shows several areas in which AQ can improve. One measure that the company can implement is introducing a more foreseeable and visual handling of their pallets within the factory. The company management ought to find ways to better mediate the production philosophy throughout the entire organization. Furthermore, the company management should increase the will to see potential ways of improving and increase the inclination of expressing those suggestions. The suggestions should not only concern the personnel’s own workplace but rather span over the entire process. The report also identifies possible areas of improvement concerning the internal and external team cooperation. The different teams ought to see each other as costumers and produce an equally good result regardless of if the item is produced for an internal department or an external costumer.

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Anderson, Brian C. "Raymond Aron and the defence of political reason". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ26102.pdf.

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Messier, Francois. "Politique et guerre dans l'oeuvre de Raymond Aron". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24349.

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« La guerre est simplement la poursuite de la politique par d’autres moyens » : c’est la formule la plus célèbre de Clausewitz. Veut-elle dire que la guerre est un instrument du politique, un de ses moyens, comme le soutiennent certains ? Ou plutôt, comme le soutiennent d’autres, veut-elle dire que la guerre doit, par nécessité, être soumise au politique afin d’en contenir les débordements ? La réponse tient, c’est l’hypothèse principale qui se situe au cœur de ce travail, dans la conception aronienne du politique qui unit une forme de réalisme politique (les rapports entre les hommes et les sociétés sont fondés sur les conflits d’intérêts et d’idées, sur la puissance et la force) et une forme d’idéalisme à consonance kantienne (par-delà la puissance et la force, la raison demeure une fin ou un idéal régulateur qui demeure à l’horizon de la coexistence des êtres humains). Si, pour Aron, la guerre est inévitable, elle n’abolit pas –sauf les cas où elle devient « totale » – le politique car, selon lui, elle n’occupe pas tout l’espace. Le primat du politique est donc réaffirmé même en situation de guerre. Mais plutôt qu’une véritable « continuation » de la politique par la guerre, faisant de celle-ci un instrument de celui-là, il faudrait envisager ici une autre manière d’affirmer ce primat, fondé sur une sorte de « lien de nécessité » : l’inévitable phénomène qu’est la guerre ne peut être laissé à lui-même, il doit nécessairement être encadré par le politique afin d’éviter tout débordement. Toutefois, cet encadrement n’offre aucune garantie et, à la fin, cette absence de garantie, qui n’a rien à voir avec un scepticisme désespéré, propose un pari sur une raison incertaine mais résiliente : «si nous ne parions pas sur la raison, sur quoi allons-nous parier ? »

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Libros sobre el tema "AROP"

Associates, Arup. Arup in China: Arup. [London]: [Arup], 2008.

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Aron be-tokh aron. Tel-Aviv: Yediʻot aḥarronot, 2003.

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Yılmaz, Cem. Arog. Şişli, İstanbul: Okuyanus, 2010.

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Baiocchi, Gianni. Arip. Roma: Il Ventaglio, 1987.

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Arog. Şişli, İstanbul: Okuyanus, 2010.

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Valeriĭ, Silaev, Chudet︠s︡kai︠a︡ A. I︠U︡, Chudinovskai︠a︡ Tamara, Rudakova Anastasii︠a︡ y Muzeĭ Li︠u︡dviga, eds. Aron Bukh =: Aron Bukh : 1923-2006. SPb: Palace Editions, 2009.

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J, Brown David, ed. The arup journal: Ove Arup & Partners Ireland. London: Ove Arup partnership, 1990.

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Drašković, Vuk. Doctor Aron. Beograd: Srpska reč, 2013.

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Dutartre-Michaut, Élisabeth. Raymond Aron. Paris: Éditions de l'Herne, 2022.

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1954-, Mullaney Dean, Canwell Bruce y Aragonés Sergio 1937-, eds. King Aroo. San Diego, Calif: IDW Pub., 2010.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "AROP"

Çatiker, Efkan y Ümit Keleş. "Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(β-Alanine-co-3-Hydroxybutyrate) Through HTP and AROP". En Advanced Polymer Structures, 47–63. New York: Apple Academic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003352181-6.

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Brown, J. M. "ArOH". En Landolt-Börnstein - Group II Molecules and Radicals, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11313410_48.

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Scharnagl, Hubert, Winfried März, Markus Böhm, Thomas A. Luger, Federico Fracassi, Alessia Diana, Thomas Frieling et al. "AROS". En Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 137. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_7965.

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Métraux, Alexandre. "Aron Gurwitsch". En Husserl-Handbuch, 251–54. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05417-3_34.

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Embree, Lester. "Aron Gurwitsch". En Contributions to Phenomenology, 284–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-5344-9_65.

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Wild, Gerhard. "Aron, Raymond". En Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_2452-1.

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Schuhmann, Karl. "Aron Gurwitsch". En Edmund Husserl: Briefwechsel, 1107–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0745-7_51.

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Chelstrom, Eric. "Aron Gurwitsch". En The Routledge Handbook of Phenomenology of Emotion, 153–58. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge handbooks in philosophy: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315180786-14.

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Minuţ, Ana Maria. "Aron Pumnul". En Handbuch der Literaturen aus Czernowitz und der Bukowina, 369–71. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05973-4_35.

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Altwegg, Jürg y KLL. "Aron, Raymond: Mémoires". En Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1–2. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_2453-1.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "AROP"

Kochdumper, Niklas, Felix Gruber, Bastian Schürmann, Victor Gaßmann, Moritz Klischat y Matthias Althoff. "AROC". En HSCC '21: 24th ACM International Conference on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3447928.3456703.

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Ayyıldız, Esat. "ARAP EDEBİYATINDAN TÜRK SİNEMASINA UYARLANABİLECEK FİLMLERİN KÂRLILIĞI". En 2. Uluslararası Sinema Sempozyumu. Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi İletişim Araştırmaları Merkezi, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32955/neuilamer2022-03-0214/ch14.

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Günümüzde sinema gelişmiş ülkeler için hâlâ vazgeçilmez bir kültür ve ekonomi sahasıdır. Film endüstrisinin en belirgin getirileri, ekonomik kazanç ve kültürel tanıtımdır. Bu nedenle sinema sektöründe azami bir kârlılık elde etmek için, senaryo yazımında geniş bir hedef kitlesine hitap edilmeli ve çeşitli ticari ürünlerin tanıtımı yapılmalıdır. Arap ülkelerinde Türk dizilerinin büyük bir fan kitlesi olduğu için, Türk sinemasının Arap dünyasında daha fazla rağbet görebileceğini öne sürmek mümkündür. Ancak Arap dünyasında gösterime girmesi planlanan filmlerin senaryolarını yazarken belirli kıstaslara bağlı kalınması icap etmektedir. Arap dünyasının ilgisini çekebilecek bir film ortaya koymak için çalışılırken, Türk seyircisinin ilgisini çekmeyecek yapımlar üretmemeye de dikkat edilmesi gerekir. Keza Arap edebiyatından uyarlanabilecek filmler, Asya ve Avrupa pazarlarına da hitap edebilmelidir. Ayrıca lüks tüketim malzemesi satışlarının ve turizm gelirlerinin arttırılmasına katkı sağlanması maksadıyla, senaryoyu yazarken toplumun refah seviyesi yüksek kesimi konu edilmelidir. Dolayısıyla Türk sinemasına Arap edebiyatından uyarlanabilecek filmlerin senaryosunun yazılması, oldukça karmaşık bir iştir. Bu çalışmada, azami kârlılığın sağlanması için Arap edebiyatından ne gibi edebî eserlerin uyarlanabileceği bilimsel bir yolla araştırılmaktadır. Ayrıca çalışma kapsamında, senaryo yazımında dikkat edilmesi gereken bazı kıstaslar öne sürülmüş, turizm gelirlerinin ve lüks tüketim malzemesi satışlarının nasıl arttırılabileceği araştırılmıştır.

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Wang, Yongqing y Noam Lior. "Combined Desalination and Refrigeration Systems Driven by Low-Grade Heat". En ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67029.

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There is often a need for both water desalination and cooling (refrigeration/air-conditioning). The cooling can be used to significantly raise system efficiency by compressor inlet cooling in a dual-purpose power-generation and desalination system using gas turbines, or simply to supply refrigeration or air conditioning beside fresh water. Motivated by the good synergetic potential of energy/exergy utilization through the combination of the LiBr-H2O refrigeration unit, LiBr-H2O heat pump, and low-temperature multi-effect evaporation desalter, two combined refrigeration and water systems, ARHP-MEE (Absorption Refrigeration Heat Pump and Multi-Effect Evaporation desalter) system and ARHP-AHP-MEE (Absorption Refrigeration Heat Pump + Absorption Heat Pump + Multi-Effect Evaporation desalter) system, driven by low-grade heat were configured, modeled and analyzed in detail in the paper. Typically, driving steam with saturation pressure of 0.15–0.35 MPa and correspondingly saturation temperature of 111.4–138.9°C is applicable to run the systems. The main results are: (1) the combined systems have good synergy, with an energy saving rate of 42% in a case study of ARHP-MEE; (2) the refrigeration-heat cogenerated ARHP subsystem is the main reason for the synergy, where the coefficient of performance is around 1.6 and exergy efficiency above 60% when driven by 0.25 MPa saturated steam; (3) at the cost of a more complex configuration, the ARHP-AHP-MEE system has the ability of varying its outputs in very wide range, offering good flexibility on design and operation; (4) the ARHP-MEE system is predicted to have good economics, and its outputs can be varied in a wide range but not independently because their ratio remains almost constant. A parametric analysis was also performed for the ARHP-MEE, further improving the understanding of the system performance.

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FERREIRA, C. y I. KNOWLES. "THE ARUP EXPERIENCELAB". En Reproduced Sound 2022. Institute of Acoustics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25144/14144.

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Wu, Chuhan, Fangzhao Wu, Junxin Liu, Yongfeng Huang y Xing Xie. "ARP". En CIKM '19: The 28th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3357384.3358086.

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Tjepkema, Daan, Sabine Delrue, Felix de Meijier y Frank van Dooren. "Re-use of a 300 m steel arch bridge". En IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.0070.

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<p>The Van Brienenoordbrug consists of two steel tied arch bridges of 300m span, the east was built in 1965 and the west arch was built in 1990. They carry the A16 highway, a crucial part of the Dutch infrastructure network near the port of Rotterdam. The west arch has been suffering from fatigue in the orthotropic deck and Arup was assigned by Rijkswaterstaat (Dutch highway authority), to design a renovation for the west arch. The renovation required a solution for the orthotropic deck and strengthening of the main load carrying structure. After extensive investigation of the renovation under traffic it was concluded the total execution time of 1.5 years and the accompanying safety risks made it not the best solution. Instead Arup proposed an alternative solution in which the wish for less hindrance aligned with the sustainable goals of both Arup and Rijkswaterstaat. Arup and RHDHV work in a joint venture, the Managing Contractor, on the renovation of steel bridges for RWS.</p>

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GÖKGÖZ, Turgay. "MODERN ARAP EDEBİYATINDA SANSÜR OLGUSUNA GENEL BİR BAKIŞ". En 2. IJHER-International Congress of Humanities and Educational Research. Rimar Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/ijhercongress2-9.

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Sansür kitapların, gazetelerin, dergilerin, süreli yayınların, radyo ve televizyonun, filmin veya sinemanın, internetin, ifade özgürlüğünün ve her türlü yayının devlete bağlı olan bir denetim mekanizmasının izni ile yayımlanması veya yayımlanmaması veya kullanıma açık olma durumudur. Milattan önceden itibaren tarih boyunca sansür olgusu her zaman insanoğlunun gündeminde olan bir durumdur. Sansür üzerinden denetim mekanizması devlete veya topluma dair sakıncalı gördüğü şeyler üzerinde tahakküm kurar. Burada da hem toplumun hem de devletin faydasını gözetir. Sansür medya sahasında olduğu gibi edebiyat sahasında da kendisini gösterebilir. Dünyanın en gelişmiş ülkelerinden en geri kalmış ülkelerine kadar sansür her zaman varlığını göstermiştir. Ancak ağır sansürün uygulandığı ülkelere bakıldığında bu ülkelerin insan hakları açısından çok da ileri de olmayan ülkeler olduğu görülür. Edebiyat bağlamında sansür bir yayının, kitabın, derginin, tiyatro veya sinema gibi kültürel unsurları kapsamaktadır. Arap edebiyatında ise sansür olgusu daha çok roman sahasında kendisini hissettirir. Bu bağlamda en önemli edebiyatçıların romanları yasaklanmış ve romanlar yeri geldiğinde diğer Arap ülkelerinde yayımlanmak durumunda kalınmıştır. Konu “yasak” olunca ilgili eserler ister istemez insanların ilgisini çekmiş ve ilk kez adı duyulan kimi yazarların eserleri satış rekorları kırmış ve oldukça ilgi görmüştür. Ayrıca Necîb Mahfûz, Sunullâh İbrâhîm, Muhammed Şukrî, Abdurrahman Munîf, Haydar Haydar ve Leyla Ba‘lebekkî gibi roman sahasında Arap edebiyatında iz bırakmış önemli isimlerin çalışmalarında da sansüre rastlanır. Bu çalışmada Arap ülkelerinde sansürün etkisine ve sansüre uğramış edebi çalışmalara dair genel bir bilgi vermek amaçlanmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Sansür, Arap Edebiyatı, Roman.

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Prevelakis, Vassilis y Wael Adi. "LS-ARP: A lightweight and secure ARP". En 2017 Seventh International Conference on Emerging Security Technologies (EST). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/est.2017.8090424.

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Alharbi, Talal y Marius Portmann. "SProxy ARP - efficient ARP handling in SDN". En 2016 26th International Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (ITNAC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/atnac.2016.7878805.

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Informes sobre el tema "AROP"

Garrett, J., J. Hagan y J. Wong. Directed ARP. RFC Editor, marzo de 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc1433.

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Malkin, G. ARP Extension - UNARP. RFC Editor, noviembre de 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc1868.

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Galili, Gad, Harry J. Klee y Asaph Aharoni. Elucidating the impact of enhanced conversion of primary to secondary metabolism on phenylpropanoids secondary metabolites associated with flavor, aroma and health in tomato fruits. United States Department of Agriculture, enero de 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597920.bard.

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• Targeted manipulating Phenylalanine (Phe) synthesis is one of the most powerful strategies to boost the biologically and economically important secondary metabolites, including phenylpropaniods, aromatic volatiles and specialized secondary metabolites. • Over-expression of the petunia MYB transcript factor, ODORANT1 (ODO1), results in significant alterations of the levels of specific phenylpropanoid compounds in plants. • Our previous studies indicated that ectopic expression of the feedback-insensitive AroG could break the bottleneck between primary and secondary metabolisms in tomato, thereby aiding in producing new tomato composition and identifying the unknown roles of multiple key regulators in specialized metabolism. Therefore, combining the AroG and ODO1 is of particular interest for elucidating the combined regulatory role of both of these genes in the Phe metabolic pathway, as well as generating tomato fruits that contain higher levels of secondary metabolites. • Here, we performed the LC-MS and GC-MS analyses on fruits of four tomato genotypes, namely, wild type tomato fruits as well as tomato fruits expressing the AroG, ODO1 and the combination of AroG plus ODO1 (AO) genotypes. Our results elaborated that the levels of many of the Phe-derived metabolites were predominately altered in fruits of the AO genotype, compared to tomato fruits expressing either AroG or ODO1 individually. The levels of most of these metabolites were significantly stimulated, such as Tyrosine (Tyr), coumaric acid and ferulic acid derived metabolites, but the levels of some important secondary metabolites were reduced in the AO transgenic genotypes as compared to either AroG or ODO1 lines. Nevertheless, our results also revealed that the levels of aromatic volatiles were obviously down regulated in the AO, compared to that in AroG transgenic fruits, but were boosted while compared to the wild type and ODO1 transgenic fruits. • Our results suggest that ODO1 expression may also have a negative effect on the production of some of the aromatic volatiles in tomato fruits, indicating that ODO1 acts as an important regulator of the shikimate pathway, which leads to the production of the aromatic amino acids and secondary metabolites derived from them. Key words: AroG, ODO1, tomato, metabolism, shikimate pathway

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Renwick, J. y A. Nicholson. IP and ARP on HIPPI. RFC Editor, octubre de 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc1374.

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King, William T. MURI/ARO Functionally Tailored Textiles. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, agosto de 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada412609.

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Poirier, M. y P. Burket. Laboratory-scale integrated ARP filter test. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzo de 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1245748.

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Laubach, M. Classical IP and ARP over ATM. RFC Editor, enero de 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc1577.

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Laubach, M. y J. Halpern. Classical IP and ARP over ATM. RFC Editor, abril de 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc2225.

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Rajagopal, M., R. Bhagwat y W. Rickard. IP and ARP over Fibre Channel. RFC Editor, junio de 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc2625.

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Gonsalves, Sarah-Lee, Callista Regis, Ghislaine Megha-Bongnkar y Björn Haßler. ARP Phase I Implementation Progress Report. Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States, febrero de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53832/opendeved.0257.

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