Literatura académica sobre el tema "Area health management model"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Area health management model"
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Song, Yan, Jie-Ge Jiao y Ze-Jun Chen. "Exploring on the elderly health management model in tropic area". Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 10, n.º 6 (junio de 2017): 614–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.06.013.
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Huo, Aidi, Xiaofan Wang, Yan Liang, Cheng Jiang y Xiaolu Zheng. "Integrated numerical model for irrigated area water resources management". Journal of Water and Climate Change 11, n.º 4 (23 de agosto de 2019): 980–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2019.042.
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Abstract The likelihood of future global water shortages is increasing and further development of existing operational hydrologic models is needed to maintain sustainable development of the ecological environment and human health. In order to quantitatively describe the water balance factors and transformation relations, the objective of this article is to develop a distributed hydrologic model that is capable of simulating the surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) in irrigation areas. The model can be used as a tool for evaluating the long-term effects of water resource management. By coupling the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and MODFLOW models, a comprehensive hydrological model integrating SW and GW is constructed. The hydrologic response units for the SWAT model are exchanged with cells in the MODFLOW model. Taking the Heihe River Basin as the study area, 10 years of historical data are used to conduct an extensive sensitivity analysis on model parameters. The developed model is run for a 40-year prediction period. The application of the developed coupling model shows that since the construction of the Heihe reservoir, the average GW level in the study area has declined by 6.05 m. The model can accurately simulate and predict the dynamic changes in SW and GW in the downstream irrigation area of Heihe River Basin and provide a scientific basis for water management in an irrigation district.
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Tariq, Hasan, Anas Tahir, Farid Touati, Mohammed Abdulla E. Al-Hitmi, Damiano Crescini y Adel Ben Manouer. "Geographical Area Network—Structural Health Monitoring Utility Computing Model". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, n.º 3 (21 de marzo de 2019): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8030154.
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In view of intensified disasters and fatalities caused by natural phenomena and geographical expansion, there is a pressing need for a more effective environment logging for a better management and urban planning. This paper proposes a novel utility computing model (UCM) for structural health monitoring (SHM) that would enable dynamic planning of monitoring systems in an efficient and cost-effective manner in form of a SHM geo-informatics system. The proposed UCM consists of networked SHM systems that send geometrical SHM variables to SHM-UCM gateways. Every gateway is routing the data to SHM-UCM servers running a geo-spatial patch health assessment and prediction algorithm. The inputs of the prediction algorithm are geometrical variables, environmental variables, and payloads. The proposed SHM-UCM is unique in terms of its capability to manage heterogeneous SHM resources. This has been tested in a case study on Qatar University (QU) in Doha Qatar, where it looked at where SHM nodes are distributed along with occupancy density in each building. This information was taken from QU routers and zone calculation models and were then compared to ideal SHM system data. Results show the effectiveness of the proposed model in logging and dynamically planning SHM.
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Lenthall, Sue, Sabina Knight, Sally Foxley, Vicki Gordon, Terrie Ivanhoe y Robyn Aitken. "The remote area nurse model of consultation". International Journal of Advanced Nursing Studies 4, n.º 2 (28 de septiembre de 2015): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijans.v4i2.4963.
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<p>Registered nurses working in remote areas of Australia are often called remote area nurses (RANs). RANs have traditionally used models of client consultation designed for acute presentations and episodes of care. However, presentations to health care facilities in remote Australia are more likely to be chronic, complex, multi-system and multifactorial in origin and subsequent management. This paper describes a consultation model developed from a combination of expert opinion, literature and trial and feedback from RANs. The model is comprehensive, systematic and puts the person at the centre of care. It aims to mitigate risk for the client; the RAN and the health service while at the same time building trust and health literacy between the client and the RAN to encourage the client to continue with the partnership in care.</p>
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Hernández Tovar, Mario Alberto, Efrén Hernández-Álvarez, Agustín Gallegos Rodríguez, Carlos M. Guzmán Paredes y Vincenzo Bertolin. "Modelo de inventario para el manejo del arbolado urbano empleando un sistema de información geográfica". e-CUCBA 9, n.º 17 (29 de diciembre de 2021): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/ecucba.vi17.228.
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The urban trees of the Chapultepec Country neighborhood in Guadalajara, Jalisco were studied in order to elaborate a forestmanagement model and through a Geographic Information System. The neighbourhood has a total amount of 32 blocks, 1 raisedmedian, 1 roundabout, 1 park, 1 traffic easement, with a surfae area of 49.95 hectares. A full census of the wooded area wasconducted and supported by thematic mapping, data gathering of enviromental and forestry variables, using a GPS Garmin eTrex 10every tree was georeferenced. Outstandig results; there are 1386 trees, from 81 different species that belong to 31 botanical families.The more prolific are Ficus benjamina, Thuja orientalis, Arecastrum romanzoffianum, Citrus aurantium y Cupressus sempervirens.The present condition of the regsstered trees revealed that 33.91% are healthy, 57.07% are in regular condition, 7.36% are in poorcondition and 1.66% are standing dead. On the basis of the elaborated database, the wooded area census thah includes forestryvariables, pruning necessities, phytosanitary condition of the trees and thematic cartography of the wooded areas status, a forestrymanagement program was developed specially for the urban trees of the neighbourhood that can be executed weekly or monthly bythe Park and Gardens brigades. A ratio of 9.16 mgreen area surface per citizen was found, this constitutes the minimum standardrecommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). There is a relationship of 3.03 trees per habitant, a much bigger amountthan the WHO’s standard, which points out that in order to obtain a better air quality in urban areas there must be a tree for everythree citizens.
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Choi, Jungsoon y Andrew B. Lawson. "Bayesian spatially dependent variable selection for small area health modeling". Statistical Methods in Medical Research 27, n.º 1 (16 de junio de 2016): 234–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280215627184.
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Statistical methods for spatial health data to identify the significant covariates associated with the health outcomes are of critical importance. Most studies have developed variable selection approaches in which the covariates included appear within the spatial domain and their effects are fixed across space. However, the impact of covariates on health outcomes may change across space and ignoring this behavior in spatial epidemiology may cause the wrong interpretation of the relations. Thus, the development of a statistical framework for spatial variable selection is important to allow for the estimation of the space-varying patterns of covariate effects as well as the early detection of disease over space. In this paper, we develop flexible spatial variable selection approaches to find the spatially-varying subsets of covariates with significant effects. A Bayesian hierarchical latent model framework is applied to account for spatially-varying covariate effects. We present a simulation example to examine the performance of the proposed models with the competing models. We apply our models to a county-level low birth weight incidence dataset in Georgia.
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Prokosch, H. U., T. Ganslandt y J. Šuc. "Applicability of Lewin´s Change Management Model in a Hospital Setting". Methods of Information in Medicine 48, n.º 05 (2009): 419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me9235.
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Summary Objectives: Today’s socio-economic developments in the healthcare area require continued optimization of processes and cost structures at hospitals, often associated with process changes for different occupational groups in the hospital. Formal methods for managing change have been established in other industries. The goal of this study was to assess the applicability of Kurt Lewin’s change management method to a health informatics-related project at a German university hospital. Methods: A project at the University Hospital Erlangen introducing changed requirements in the documentation of costly material in the surgical area was conducted following the concept of Lewin’s approach based on field theory, group dynamics, action research and the three steps of change. A data warehouse contributed information to several steps in the change process. Results: The model was successfully applied to the change project. Socio-dynamic forces relevant to the project goals were identified and considered in the design of the new documentation concept. The achieved documentation level met the new requirements and in some areas even exceeded them. Conclusions: Based on the project experiences, we consider Kurt Lewin’s approach applicable to change management projects in the hospital sector without a requirement for substantial additional resources, however, specific hospital characteristics need to be taken into account. The data warehouse played an important role by providing essential contributions throughout the entire change process.
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Shipko, Andrii, Nadiia Demikhova, Krzysztof Pajak y Vira Motrechko. "Health management at the regional level: multivariable performance assessment". Health Economics and Management Review 1, n.º 2 (2020): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/hem.2020.2-01.
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This article provides an analysis of areas for improving the state policy bases in public health services. The purpose of the research is to substantiate and develop systematized regulatory support for the structural-functional care model for children in particular regions. The authors systematized the legislative acts on the health technologies introduction in the structural-functional model. To achieve the study goal, the authors used a systematic approach to provide quantitative and qualitative analysis of the organization and optimization of medical-social justification of the structural-functional model; bibliosemantic – for the analysis of national and international experience in providing medical care to patients; epidemiological – to determine the levels, structure and dynamics of morbidity and prevalence of pathology in childhood; statistical – for collecting, processing and analyzing received information. The article presented the authors’ development on regulatory support for the structural-functional medical model components for children. Besides, special attention was paid to the improvement of health technologies in regional health care systems. The authors identified areas for implementing the legislative initiative to improve the regulatory support for medical care provision. This paper provides the author’s regulatory support of structural-functional medical model’s components toward children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and dysplastic pathology of the bronchopulmonary system. The authors emphasized the improvement of health technologies in regional health care systems. To improve the area of legislative and regulatory support, the study identified the directions for implementing the legislative initiative. Based on the study results, the authors proposed considering 7 legislative acts of Ukraine on improving the normative-legal provision of components of the structural-functional model. The obtained results could further assess their impact on implementing health technologies at the regional, municipal and family levels.
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Lu, Youpeng, Wenze Yue y Yaping Huang. "Effects of Land Use on Land Surface Temperature: A Case Study of Wuhan, China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 19 (23 de septiembre de 2021): 9987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18199987.
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In this study, we aim to understand the impact of land use on the urban heat island (UHI) effect across an urban area. Considering the case study of Wuhan, China, land use factors and land surface temperatures (LSTs) of 589 planning management units were quantified in order to identify the spatial autocorrelation of LST, which indicated that a traditional regression would be invalid. By investigating the relationships between land use factors and the LST in summer, based on spatial regression models including the spatial lag model and the spatial error model, four conclusions were derived. First, the spatial error model effectively explains the relationships between LST and land use factors. Second, the impact on LST of the percentage of industrial areas is significant even though the impacts of land cover and building-group morphology indicators are combined, indicating that anthropogenic heat emission of industrial production contributes to high LSTs. Third, the relationship between the percentage of commercial area and LST is significant in the Pearson correlation analysis and traditional regression models, while not significant in spatial error model, suggesting that the urban heat environment of a commercial area is determined by the land use factors of the surrounding area. Fourth, the UHI effect in industrial and commercial areas could be precisely mitigated by not locating industrial areas beside residential areas, and setting up buffer zones between commercial areas and surrounding traditional residential areas. Overall, the results of this study innovatively deepen the understanding of the impact of the percentage of different urban land use types on the urban heat environment at the scale of planning management units, which is conducive to formulating precise regulation measures for mitigating UHI effects and improving public health.
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Lara, José Edson, Ary Célio Oliveira, Thalles Augusto Tissot-Lara y Luiz Rodrigo Cunha Moura. "MODEL OF INTEGRAL HEALTH CARE". RAHIS- Revista de Administração Hospitalar e Inovação em Saúde 18, n.º 5 (13 de febrero de 2022): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21450/rahis.v18i5.7373.
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Financial sustainability has been one of the most worrying aspects of health systems, regardless of the country's stage of development. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyze the value generation (EVA) and the possible cost reductions provided by the adoption of the Primary Health Care (PHC) Model. This is an exploratory and quantitative research with the use of the EVA (Economic Value Added) model and the system dynamics approach. The study connects the System Dynamics framework with the (EVA) to achieve cost savings in (PHC). The main results indicate that the Medical Cooperative was able to generate economic value of R$ 15.8 million in 2018 and the migration of care procedures to the PHC model could reduce costs of about R$ 330 million over a 10-year period. Theoretically, this investigation contributes to the application of a concept to a complex context. Methodologically, the contribution is the applicability of EVA and the use of system dynamics to analyze scenarios. The implementation of the PHC Model represents an important initiative in addressing the enormous management challenges in the area
Tesis sobre el tema "Area health management model"
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Rosenbaum, Christopher Michael. "AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF THE METHODS AND PROGRESS IN ENTERPRISE LEAN TRANSFORMATION AT A LEARNING HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION". UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ms_etds/5.
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The health care industry in the United States is increasingly pressured to improve safety and quality performance and increase revenue. In response, many health care institutions are moving to redesign their processes and practices in an effort to decrease costs and provide safer, higher quality, and more efficient care. The purpose of this paper is to document the Lean implementation strategy and progress in implementation at a large teaching health care organization undergoing Lean transformation in order to understand enterprise transformation strategies and the impact of leadership involvement on culture development and Lean implementation. Through direct observations and involvement and transformation activities, the methodology for Lean transformation and progress in implementation were documented and analyzed. The organization employed an outside consultant to assist with transformation activities, and underwent a three-pronged approach to implementation, which included model area development, team member problem solving training, and management-led problem solving activities. It was found that leadership involvement was lacking, especially at the highest levels, and the organization struggled to build the culture necessary to support transformation and develop an operational model area, though successes were realized in efforts to train employees in Toyota’s 8-Step Problem Solving method and in management-led problem solving activities.
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Liang, Zhanming y N/A. "Characteristics, Competencies and Challenges: A Quantitative and Qualitative Study of the Senior Health Executive Workforce in New South Wales, 1990-1999". Griffith University. School of Public Health, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070914.091446.
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Healthcare reforms and restructuring have been a global phenomenon since the early 1980s. The major structural reforms in the healthcare system in New South Wales (NSW) including the introduction and implementation of the area health management model (1986), the senior executive service (1989) and performance agreements (1990), heralded a new era in management responsibility and accountability. It is believed that the reforms, the process of the reforms, and the instability brought about by the reforms may have not only resulted in the change of senior healthcare management practices, but also in the change of competencies required for senior healthcare managers in meeting the challenges in the new era. However, limited studies have been conducted which examined how health reforms affected its senior health executive workforce and the above changes. Moreover, no study on senior healthcare managers has focused specifically on NSW after the major reforms were implemented. The purpose of this research was to examine how reforms in the NSW Health public sector affected its senior health executive workforce between 1990 and 1999 in terms of their roles and responsibilities, the competencies required, and the challenges they faced. This study, from a broad perspective, aimed to provide an overview of the NSW reforms, the forces behind the reforms and the effects the reforms may have had on senior health managers as predicted by the national and international literature. This study also explored the changes to the senior health executive workforce in the public sector during the period of rapid change in the 1990s and has provided indications of the managerial educational needs for future senior healthcare managers. Both quantitative and qualitative data have been collected by this study using triangulated methods including scientific document review and analyses, a postal questionnaire survey, and in-depth telephone interviews. The findings from the two quantitative methods informed and guided the development of the open-ended questions and overall focus of the telephone interviews. This study found differences in the characteristics and employment-related aspects between this study and previous studies in the 1980s and 1990s, and identified four major tasks, twelve key roles and seven core competencies required by senior health executives in the NSW Health public sector between 1990 and 1999. The study concludes that the demographic characteristics and the roles and responsibilities of the NSW Health senior executive workforce since the reforms of the 1980s have changed. This study also identified seven major obstacles and difficulties experienced by senior health executives and suggested that during the introduction and implementation of major healthcare reforms in NSW since 1986, barriers created by the system prevented the achievement of its full potential benefits. Although this study did not focus on detailed strategies on how to minimise the negative impact of the health reforms on the senior health executives or maximise the chance of success in introducing new changes to the system, some suggestions are proposed. Most significantly, the study has developed a clear analytical framework for understanding the pyramidal relationships between tasks, roles and competencies and has developed and piloted a new competency assessment approach for assessing the core competencies required by senior health managers. These significant findings indicate the need for a replication of the study on an Australia-wide scale in order to extend the generalisability of the results and test the reliability and validity of the new competency assessment approach at various management levels in a range of healthcare sectors. This is the first study acknowledging the impact of the introduction of the area health management model, the senior executive service and performance agreements in the NSW public health system through an original insight into the personal experiences of the senior health executives of the reforms and examination of the major tasks that senior health executives performed and relevant essential competencies required to perform these tasks. The possible solutions identified in this study can guide the development of strategies in providing better support to senior healthcare managers when large-scale organisational changes are proposed in the future.
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Liang, Zhanming. "Characteristics, Competencies and Challenges: A Quantitative and Qualitative Study of the Senior Health Executive Workforce in New South Wales, 1990-1999". Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366277.
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Healthcare reforms and restructuring have been a global phenomenon since the early 1980s. The major structural reforms in the healthcare system in New South Wales (NSW) including the introduction and implementation of the area health management model (1986), the senior executive service (1989) and performance agreements (1990), heralded a new era in management responsibility and accountability. It is believed that the reforms, the process of the reforms, and the instability brought about by the reforms may have not only resulted in the change of senior healthcare management practices, but also in the change of competencies required for senior healthcare managers in meeting the challenges in the new era. However, limited studies have been conducted which examined how health reforms affected its senior health executive workforce and the above changes. Moreover, no study on senior healthcare managers has focused specifically on NSW after the major reforms were implemented. The purpose of this research was to examine how reforms in the NSW Health public sector affected its senior health executive workforce between 1990 and 1999 in terms of their roles and responsibilities, the competencies required, and the challenges they faced. This study, from a broad perspective, aimed to provide an overview of the NSW reforms, the forces behind the reforms and the effects the reforms may have had on senior health managers as predicted by the national and international literature. This study also explored the changes to the senior health executive workforce in the public sector during the period of rapid change in the 1990s and has provided indications of the managerial educational needs for future senior healthcare managers. Both quantitative and qualitative data have been collected by this study using triangulated methods including scientific document review and analyses, a postal questionnaire survey, and in-depth telephone interviews. The findings from the two quantitative methods informed and guided the development of the open-ended questions and overall focus of the telephone interviews. This study found differences in the characteristics and employment-related aspects between this study and previous studies in the 1980s and 1990s, and identified four major tasks, twelve key roles and seven core competencies required by senior health executives in the NSW Health public sector between 1990 and 1999. The study concludes that the demographic characteristics and the roles and responsibilities of the NSW Health senior executive workforce since the reforms of the 1980s have changed. This study also identified seven major obstacles and difficulties experienced by senior health executives and suggested that during the introduction and implementation of major healthcare reforms in NSW since 1986, barriers created by the ‘system’ prevented the achievement of its full potential benefits. Although this study did not focus on detailed strategies on how to minimise the negative impact of the health reforms on the senior health executives or maximise the chance of success in introducing new changes to the system, some suggestions are proposed. Most significantly, the study has developed a clear analytical framework for understanding the pyramidal relationships between tasks, roles and competencies and has developed and piloted a new competency assessment approach for assessing the core competencies required by senior health managers. These significant findings indicate the need for a replication of the study on an Australia-wide scale in order to extend the generalisability of the results and test the reliability and validity of the new competency assessment approach at various management levels in a range of healthcare sectors. This is the first study acknowledging the impact of the introduction of the area health management model, the senior executive service and performance agreements in the NSW public health system through an original insight into the personal experiences of the senior health executives of the reforms and examination of the major tasks that senior health executives performed and relevant essential competencies required to perform these tasks. The possible solutions identified in this study can guide the development of strategies in providing better support to senior healthcare managers when large-scale organisational changes are proposed in the future.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Public Health
Faculty of Health
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Geraldes, Mariana Fernandes Araújo. "Avaliação dos benefícios da implementação da plataforma de dados de saúde: portal do profissional". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/12163.
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Este estudo pretende analisar os benefícios decorrentes da implementação da Plataforma de Dados da Saúde. Esta plataforma consiste num registo de saúde electrónico de carácter nacional que permite a partilha de informação entre os diversos stakeholders através de diferentes portais. O Portal do Profissional permite o acesso dos diferentes profissionais de saúde ao registo clínico do utente.
O principal objetivo deste trabalho é identificar e descrever os benefícios do Portal do Profissional da Plataforma de Dados de Saúde usando o Modelo de Gestão de Benefícios da Cranfield School of Management. A recolha de dados decorreu em 2012 e 2013 durante e após a implementação da plataforma.
Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o Portal do Profissional permite melhorar a qualidade da informação e o desempenho organizacional, aumenta a eficiência dos cuidados prestados e reduz os erros médicos. Contudo, é necessária uma análise mais detalhada de quantificação e acompanhamento dos benefícios para garantir a sua realização; ### ABSTRACT:
Benefits Evaluation of Portuguese Health Record – Health Professional Area
This study analyses the benefits of the implementing of the Portuguese Health Record. The Portuguese Health Record constitutes the national health record data sharing facility and provides information through different Portals/Areas to different stakeholders. The Health Professional Area provides access to patient clinical data.
Main purpose of this work identify and describe the benefits of the Health Professional Area of the Portuguese Health Record using the Benefits Management Model of Cranfield School of Management. Data were collect in 2012 and 2013 during and after the implementation.
The analysis demonstrate that Health Professional Area can provide an improvement in the quality of information and organizational performance, increase in efficiency of healthcare and reduction in medical errors. However, a more detailed analysis of quantification and monitoring of the benefits is required to ensure its realization.
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Henson, Cheryl R. "Passing the mantle the development of a healthy model of clergy departure among American Baptist Churches of Area 1 in Great Rivers Region /". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2006. http://www.tren.com.
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Ahlswede, Benjamin James. "What to plant and where to plant it; Modeling the biophysical effects of North America temperate forests on climate using the Community Earth System Model". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74269.
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Forests affect climate by absorbing CO₂ but also by altering albedo, latent heat flux, and sensible heat flux. In this study we used the Community Earth System Model to assess the biophysical effect of North American temperate forests on climate and how this effect changes with location, tree type, and forest management. We calculated the change in annual temperature and energy balance associated with afforestation with either needle leaf evergreen trees (NET) or broadleaf deciduous trees (BDT) and between forests with high and low leaf-area indices (LAI). Afforestation from crops to forests resulted in lower albedo and higher sensible heat flux but no consistent difference in latent heat flux. Forests were consistently warmer than crops at high latitudes and colder at lower latitudes. In North America, the temperature response from afforestation shifted from warming to cooling between 34° N and 40° N for ground temperature and between 21° N and 25° N for near surface air temperature. NET tended to have lower albedo, higher sensible heat flux and warmer temperatures than BDT. The effect of tree PFT was larger than the effect of afforestation in the south and in the mid-Atlantic. Increasing LAI, a proxy for increased management intensity, caused a cooling effect in both tree types, but NET responded more strongly and albedo decreased while albedo increased for BDT. Our results show that forests' location, tree type, and management intensity can have nearly equal biophysical effects on temperature. A forest will have maximum biophysical cooling effect if it is in the south, composed of broadleaf PFT, and is managed to maximize leaf area index.Master of Science
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Ku, Shawn. "Disability management, developing the ideal disability management model : the Diamond Health Management model". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0002/MQ45231.pdf.
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Chiang, Nhan Tu. "Mesh network model for urban area". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44698.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 52, 2-7 (2nd group)).
Decreasing population, high crime rate, and limited economic opportunities are all symptoms of urban decline. These characteristics are, unfortunately, evident in major cities and small towns. Local municipalities in these cities and towns with the aid of state and federal government have attempted to reverse urban decline through the traditional approach of urban renewal. Their idea was to create low cost housing to attract people back to urban areas. Their approach has shown mixed results with most attempts having no effect on the deterioration. The goal of this thesis is to propose a higher system approach to answer urban decline through the application of new technology, wireless mesh networks. A wireless mesh network can provide improved security, public safety, new economic opportunities, and a bridge that crosses the digital divide. Married to the appropriate applications, a wireless mesh network creates a business model that is both favorable and sustainable. More importantly, the business model brings about the human capital necessary for urban revitalization.
by Nhan Tu Chiang.
S.M.
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Cardin, Sylvie. "Empirical evaluation of small area estimators in community health". Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28702.
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Data required for the surveillance of the population of small areas and the implementation and evaluation of health preventive programmes are usually obtained from surveys conducted within each relevant small area. The substantial cost of local surveys has encouraged the search for other methods of obtaining the required information. One alternative consists of using small area estimators. Despite extensive applications of these procedures in diverse fields, guidelines concerning their use for the prediction of health variables are still lacking. In an effort to explore the applicability of small area estimators to the prediction of health parameters of Quebec's health areas, we conducted two empirical evaluations of these methods. Using data from Canadian surveys, estimates of health variables were produced for several Quebec's areas according to different techniques of small area estimation. The estimates were compared to a "standard" for each area and health variable, on the basis of average mean square error percents and Spearman correlations. Synthetic, regression-sample, and empirical Bayes estimators were evaluated. We observed that the more variable a health characteristic was among areas, the more difficult it was to predict accurately. While no small area estimator performed uniformly well for all the variables considered, the linear regression-sample estimators were generally at advantage according to the different criteria of evaluation. In the studied context, no gain was obtained by using more sophisticated procedures like the empirical Bayes estimators.
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Cano, Yakelin, Grimaldo Quispe, Heyul Chavez, Nestor Mamani-Macedo, Carlos Raymundo-Ibañez y Francisco Dominguez. "Occupational Health and Safety Management Model for Mining Contracts". Springer, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656173.
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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.The importance of an occupational health and safety management system (OHSMS) in a mining contract allows the establishment of guidelines to prevent and mitigate accidents that may occur in mines and in exploration areas. Such guidelines are integrated to ensure compliance with regulations with respect to the mining activity (DS 024-2016-EM). For developing a model, the literature was initially reviewed (scientific articles and research studies were used as the background), development techniques were established, and an OHSMS was proposed, with prior evaluation from the contractor. Subsequently, this study presents the general requirements, planning, implementation, verification, and the corresponding review by the appropriate authority. Finally, the model is established, supported by tables that will report the current state of the company and the implementation process. This study concludes with the execution of OHSMS in case of mining contracts.
Libros sobre el tema "Area health management model"
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Laing, William. Diabetes: A model for health care management. London: Office of Health Economics, 1989.
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author, Forsgren Harv, Kitzhaber, John A. (John Albert), 1947- author, United States. Bureau of Land Management, United States Forest Service y Oregon, eds. Eastern Oregon ecosystem health and restoration model projects. Washington, D.C: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, 1999.
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Means, Edward G. Bay Area Collaborative: Model for regional utility cooperation. Denver, Colorado: Water Research Foundation, 2010.
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Office, New Zealand Audit. Area health boards: Effectiveness and efficiency of estate management. Wellington, N.Z: Audit Office, Office of the Controller and Auditor-General, 1991.
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Marais, Frederick. Tuberculosis control: A nurse-led model with case management. London: Foundation of Nursing Studies, 2002.
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Gordon, Gailord J. Breakthrough management: A new model for hospital technical services. Arlington, Va: ssociation for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation, 1995.
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Oddo, Francine. Putting the "T" in health care TQM: A model for integrated TQM. Methuen, Mass: Goal/QPC, 1992.
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Ur Rehman, Masood y Ahmed Zoha, eds. Body Area Networks. Smart IoT and Big Data for Intelligent Health Management. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95593-9.
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Mucchi, Lorenzo, Matti Hämäläinen, Sara Jayousi y Simone Morosi, eds. Body Area Networks: Smart IoT and Big Data for Intelligent Health Management. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34833-5.
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Fitzgerald, John. The management of case reviews: A guide and model process for area child protection committees. [London]: Bridge Child Care Consultancy Service, 1993.
Buscar texto completoCapítulos de libros sobre el tema "Area health management model"
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Weinhold, Ines. "Medical Care Centers in Germany: An Adequate Model to Improve Health Care Delivery in Rural Areas?" En Challenges and Opportunities in Health Care Management, 75–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12178-9_6.
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Holst, Jens-Christian, Katrin Müller, Florian Ansgar Jaeger y Klaus Heidinger. "City Air Management: LCA-Based Decision Support Model to Improve Air Quality". En Towards a Sustainable Future - Life Cycle Management, 39–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77127-0_4.
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AbstractSiemens has developed an emission model of cities to understand the root cause and interactions to reduce air emissions. The City Air Management (CyAM) consists of monitoring, forecasting and simulation of measures. CyAM model aims to provide formation on air pollution reduction potential of short-term measures to take the right actions to minimize and avoid pollution peaks before they are likely to happen. The methodology uses a parameterized life cycle assessment model for transport emissions and calculates the local impact on air quality KPIs of individual transport measures at the specific hotspot. The system is able to forecast air quality and by how it is expected to exceed health or regulatory thresholds over the coming 5 days.In this paper, the LCA model and results from selected cities will be presented: Case studies show how a specific combination of technologies/measures will reduce the transport demand, enhance traffic flow or improve the efficiency of the vehicle fleet in the vicinity of the emission hotspot/monitoring station.
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Lee, Po-Chang, Chih-Hsing Ho y Joyce Tsung-Hsi Wang. "Digital Transformation of Big Data". En Digital Health Care in Taiwan, 219–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05160-9_12.
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AbstractThe virtual National Health Insurance (NHI) card not only represents digitization but also enables contactless health care during the pandemic. Under the process of full-scale digitization, the National Health Insurance Administration (NHIA) continues to refine the health service delivery measures, especially in the field of home-based medical care and telemedicine.Under the personal data protection regulation, the NHI data are opened for academic research purposes. More than 6550 published journal articles have utilized the NHI data, and these articles are made searchable online to support health policy management and clinical research. The NHI medical images combined with the application of artificial intelligence (AI) are the cornerstones of Taiwan’s smart health care. Domestic research teams are eligible to use the NHI database to verify or build their AI models after their research proposals are approved by the Management Council of the AI Application of NHI Data. The NHIA also plans to use NHI big data to develop digital patient decision aids by establishing a two-way digital interaction model to address the concerns of the healthcare providers and the public. By comparing the secondary use of health data in different countries, Taiwan is seeking a balance between innovation and conservative policies and is creating an environment that ensures the well-being of the next generation.
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Bramwell, Donna, Kath Checkland, Jolanta Shields y Pauline Allen. "1974–1982: A Unified Geographically Based Health System". En Community Nursing Services in England, 17–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17084-3_3.
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AbstractIn this chapter, we detail the first major re-organisation of the NHS since its inception and the consequences for community nursing. The 1974 wholesale re-organisation was born out of frustrations with the management and fragmentation of services resulting from the tripartite system. Services were bought together in a unitary model, centrally controlled but geographically organised. Local Authorities (LAs) were divested of many of their healthcare responsibilities including community nursing, which was transferred under the responsibility of newly created Area Health Authorities (AHAs). There was optimism that bringing community nursing under the NHS umbrella would foster a new era of co-ordinated working between all disciplines in the system, such as hospital nursing. Unfortunately, many of these intended aspirations were not realised despite the importance of the service to policy agendas emphasising integration, out-of-hospital care and prevention of ill health. In terms of managing and financing the district nursing service, this was not simplified by the re-organisation and population coverage continued as a mix of geographical and attachment to GP services. We conclude this chapter by emphasising the increasing demand for community and district nursing services. It became apparent in this era that the re-organisation did not bring any significant improvements and thus the attention shifted again towards organisational and management solutions to the NHS’ problems.
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Carayon, Pascale, Peter Kleinschmidt, Bat-Zion Hose y Megan Salwei. "Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care and Patient Safety from the Perspective of Medical Residents". En Textbook of Patient Safety and Clinical Risk Management, 81–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59403-9_7.
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AbstractIt is critical to understand, analyze and improve the work system of medical residents in order to support the care processes in which they are involved, as well as their educational processes. The discipline of human factors (or ergonomics) (HFE) provides systems concepts and methods to improve the multi-faceted work system of medical residents and, therefore, care processes and educational processes, and outcomes for both patients and residents. In this chapter, we apply the SEIPS (Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety) model to the work system of residents, and use it to explain how the outcomes of patient safety and medical resident well-being are related. Various challenges need to be addressed in order to improve residents’ work system. In particular, it is critical to adopt a systems approach that can optimize multiple outcomes for a range of stakeholders. In line with the participatory ergonomics approach, we contend that residents have a critical role to play in improving their work system; we describe various ways that this can be accomplished.
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Rodrigues-Filho, José y Natanael Pereira Gomes. "E-Health in Brazil". En Biomedical Knowledge Management, 242–52. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-266-4.ch017.
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It is argued in this chapter that e-health has the potential to improve the provision of health care and the quality of patient treatment, but it also contains many threats, especially in developing countries where information technologies are generally implemented without any discussion with society. With regard to health information, Brazil is behind some African countries in terms of data recording according to international reports used to publish health care indicators. Most of the hospitals do not have basic information systems for data collection and storage, despite the fact that the country has historically registered very bad health indicators. Moreover, many e-government initiatives, including e-health applications and development are based on the traditional top-down model or market-driven approach to information technology, oriented towards corporate actor interests and health care administration rather than basic population health care needs. This system tends to neglect basic priorities for people lacking education, clean water, food and primary health care.
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Palza, Edgardo, Jorge Sanchez, Guillermo Mamani, Percy Pacora, Alain Abran y Jane Moon. "A Predictive Analytic Model for Maternal Morbidity". En Improving Health Management through Clinical Decision Support Systems, 108–26. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9432-3.ch005.
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This chapter presents a predictive analytic model for preventing neonatal morbidity through the analysis of patterns of risky behavior regarding morbidity in newborns. The chapter presents the design and implementation of a forecasting model of Neonatal morbidity. The model developed is based on artificial intelligence using Bayesian Networks, Influence Diagrams and principles of traditional statistics. The model research is based on a repository of 10,000 medical records at a hospital in Peru. The model aims to identify the factors that are causes of morbidity in newborns, is based on data mining techniques and developed using the CRISP-DM methodology.
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Ammenwerth, Elske y Werner O. Hackl. "IT-Assisted Process Management in Healthcare". En Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti200678.
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Clinical processes need to be well understood before a new health IT tool can be introduced. Observations, interviews, surveys, or documentation analysis are carried out to systematically collect information to better understand a clinical process. To aggregate and visualize the collected information about a clinical process, use case diagrams can build a basis. Formal process models such as process chain diagrams or BPMN diagrams are well suited to model the process in detail. The objective of this chapter is to discuss these methods for analyzing and modeling clinical processes, as this is an important precondition for systematic process management in health care.
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Nogueira, Fernanda y Sónia P. Gonçalves. "Innovation in Health Administration". En Handbook of Research on Complexities, Management, and Governance in Healthcare, 27–43. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6044-3.ch003.
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Existing literature on innovation in the context of public health administration is not abundant. Thus, it is expected that there is no model that synthesizes the mechanisms and domains of innovation regarding public health. This chapter seeks to be a theoretical contribution to the identification of the elements that form the dimensions of organizational innovation in health. This goal is pursued in two ways: on the one hand, by identifying and synthesizing the relevant elements in the literature that relate to innovation in health; and on the other hand, by proposing dimensions and sub-dimensions of investigation that allow this void in the literature to be filled. To this end, 117 articles were identified, 64 of which were selected and analyzed in order to present a theoretical model for analyzing organizational innovation in health. The dimensions identified will serve to guide organizational health managers on how to handle innovation in their organizations, particularly the main areas where this innovation occurs, its scope, and its impacts on the various care models.
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Salama, Mohamed y Ashraf Hana. "Sustainable Construction, Green Building Strategic Model". En Principles of Sustainable Project Management. Goodfellow Publishers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/9781911396857-3966.
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Academic and policy literature over the past four decades (from as early as the 1970s) has been, and still is, concerned with understanding and articulating the core principles of sustainable development and sustainable construction or, in other words, sustainable building and construction, which is a holistic, multi-disciplinary approach. The increasing global concern with the maintenance and improvement of the environment, as well as the protection of the human health has become an important aspect to be considered by construction companies worldwide. The chapter falls into two parts. The main aim of the first part is to present a critical review of the established theoretical frameworks in order to understand the topic in depth, and identify the main concepts and relevant dimensions or variables that have a crucial influence on promoting and implementing sustainable construction/green buildings practices. The second part presents the findings of a research study conducted by the authors (Salama and Hanna, 2013) that sought to develop a strategic model for implementing the green building initiative in the UAE; Green Building Strategic Model, (GBSM – UAE). Despite being based on the UAE case, the underpinning theoretical framework and the stages of modelling used in building, training and validating the model makes this section a useful read for all parties interested in the area of sustainable construction in general, and green buildings in particular, regardless of their geographical location.
Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Area health management model"
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Micheletti, Alessandra, Daniela Morale, Daniele Rapati y Paola Nolli. "A stochastic model for simulation and forecasting of emergencies in the area of Milano". En 2010 IEEE Workshop on Health Care Management (WHCM). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/whcm.2010.5441259.
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Alhaag, Mohammed H., T. Aziz y Ibrahim M. Alharkan. "A queuing model for health care pharmacy using software Arena". En 2015 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management (IEOM). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieom.2015.7093849.
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Ying, Zhang, Kang Rui y Xiang Shihong. "Research on glucose concentration predicting based on ARMA model". En 2014 Prognostics and System Health Management Conference (PHM-2014 Hunan). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/phm.2014.6988189.
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Tan, Yangbo, Jinjun Cheng, Haizhen Zhu, Zewen Hu, Bowen Li y Shuai Liu. "Real-time life prediction of equipment based on optimized ARMA model". En 2017 Prognostics and System Health Management Conference (PHM-Harbin). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/phm.2017.8079318.
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Caesarendra, Wahyu, Achmad Widodo, Hong Thom Pham y Bo-Suk Yang. "Machine degradation prognostic based on RVM and ARMA/GARCH model for bearing fault simulated data". En 2010 Prognostics and System Health Management Conference (PHM). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/phm.2010.5414586.
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Clarke, Roger. "A Simulation Model for COVID-19 Public Health Management: Design and Preliminary Evaluation". En Digital Support from Crisis to Progressive Change. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-485-9.1.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has presented governments with challenges not only in relation to bio-medical understanding, medical treatment and health facility operations, but also the management of public health, public behaviour and the economy. In the area of public health management, discrete event simulation modelling is capable of providing considerable assistance to decision-makers. In April 2020, on the basis of publicly available information about the virus and its impacts, an analysis was undertaken of the needs of public health policymakers, and a 16-state / 40-flow model was postulated. The model was revisited in December 2020, and experiences around the world applied in order to evaluate the model's apparent usefulness. This resulted in improved appreciation of its applicability and limitations, a revised model, and plans for further evaluation and application.
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Joung, Byung Gun, Zhongtian Li y John W. Sutherland. "Anomaly Scoring Model for Diagnosis on Machine Condition and Health Management". En ASME 2022 17th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2022-85459.
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Abstract The reliability of manufacturing equipment is critical for ensuring the productivity and energy efficiency of a manufacturing facility. An unexpected machine breakdown may lead to unexpected downtime, disruption of manufacturing schedule, lower production efficiency, higher operation and maintenance cost. The recent development in machine learning and artificial intelligence enables data-driven Predictive Maintenance (PdM) by means of perceiving the dynamics of manufacturing systems and abstracting them into learnable features to provide a better interpretation of machine failures or unplanned downtimes. PdM, often translated to Prognostics and Health Management (PHM), aims to continue the optimal/normal operation of manufacturing systems. Often, vibration is used as a proxy of an early indicator of impending failure. In this study, tri-axial acceleration data collected from the two different machines are utilized. PdM-based strategies for machine condition monitoring and smart scheduling of equipment maintenance using an anomaly scoring model are discussed for two critical elements in a manufacturing system: 1) Chiller 2) Compressor. An anomaly scoring model is developed to extract meaningful information from the vibration data.
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Lall, Pradeep, Hao Zhang y Lynn Davis. "Prognostics Health Management Model for LED Package Failure Under Contaminated Environment". En ASME 2015 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems collocated with the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2015-48724.
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The reliability consideration of LED products includes both luminous flux drop and color shift. Previous research either talks about luminous maintenance or color shift, because luminous flux degradation usually takes very long time to observe. In this paper, the impact of a VOC (volatile organic compound) contaminated luminous flux and color stability are examined. As a result, both luminous degradation and color shift had been recorded in a short time. Test samples are white, phosphor-converted, high-power LED packages. Absolute radiant flux is measured with integrating sphere system to calculate the luminous flux. Luminous flux degradation and color shift distance were plotted versus aging time to show the degradation pattern. A prognostic health management (PHM) method based on the state variables and state estimator have been proposed in this paper. In this PHM framework, unscented kalman filter (UKF) was deployed as the carrier of all states. During the estimation process, third order dynamic transfer function was used to implement the PHM framework. Both of the luminous flux and color shift distance have been used as the state variable with the same PHM framework to exam the robustness of the method. Predicted remaining useful life is calculated at every measurement point to compare with the tested remaining useful life. The result shows that state estimator can be used as the method for the PHM of LED degradation with respect to both luminous flux and color shift distance. The prediction of remaining useful life of LED package, made by the states estimator and data driven approach, falls in the acceptable error-bounds (20%) after a short training of the estimator.
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Chiriac, Constantina, Valeriu Stelian Niţoi y Marius Gîrtan. "Optimizing Public Passenger Transport in Bucharest and the Metropolitan Area". En World Lumen Congress 2021, May 26-30, 2021, Iasi, Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/wlc2021/12.
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The paper aims to be a model of analysis on passenger transport management for Bucharest and the metropolitan area, in order to stimulate the economic development of the city by supporting economic activities of local interest, by increasing the mobility of the transport system, economic activities that benefit local communities and that do not adversely affect people's health or the environment. The analysis presented proposes the use of geospatial information systems for urban traffic management and the construction of traffic simulation models.
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Yu, LiJie, Dan Cleary, Mark Osborn y Vrinda Rajiv. "Information Fusion Strategy for Aircraft Engine Health Management". En ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27174.
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Modern aircraft engines are equipped with sophisticated sensing instruments to enable proactive condition monitoring and effective health management capability. Development of intelligent systems that efficiently process sensor and operational data both onboard and off-board, to provide maintenance personnel with timely decision support, is the key to minimize flight service disruption and reduce engine ownership cost. The goal of this research is to develop a practical approach and strategy to leverage various available information sources and modeling techniques to streamline the engine health management process and maximize system accuracy and efficiency. This paper demonstrates a flexible fusion architecture that encapsulates the key elements of the engine monitoring and diagnostic process, i.e., sensor trend analysis module for anomaly detection, feature selection and fault isolation module for root cause identification, a decision module for diagnostic model fusion and action determination, and finally, a feedback module for knowledge validation and continuous learning. At the core of this engine health management system is a diagnostic fusion model designed around a common fault hierarchy which captures both a priori probabilities and interactions among various engine faults isolated by different classification models. The fusion model will resolve conflicting assessments from individual diagnostic models and provide a more accurate and comprehensive engine state estimate.
Informes sobre el tema "Area health management model"
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VanderGheynst, Jean, Michael Raviv, Jim Stapleton y Dror Minz. Effect of Combined Solarization and in Solum Compost Decomposition on Soil Health. United States Department of Agriculture, octubre de 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594388.bard.
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In soil solarization, moist soil is covered with a transparent plastic film, resulting in passive solar heating which inactivates soil-borne pathogen/weed propagules. Although solarization is an effective alternative to soil fumigation and chemical pesticide application, it is not widely used due to its long duration, which coincides with the growing season of some crops, thereby causing a loss of income. The basis of this project was that solarization of amended soil would be utilized more widely if growers could adopt the practice without losing production. In this research we examined three factors expected to contribute to greater utilization of solarization: 1) investigation of techniques that increase soil temperature, thereby reducing the time required for solarization; 2) development and validation of predictive soil heating models to enable informed decisions regarding soil and solarization management that accommodate the crop production cycle, and 3) elucidation of the contributions of microbial activity and microbial community structure to soil heating during solarization. Laboratory studies and a field trial were performed to determine heat generation in soil amended with compost during solarization. Respiration was measured in amended soil samples prior to and following solarization as a function of soil depth. Additionally, phytotoxicity was estimated through measurement of germination and early growth of lettuce seedlings in greenhouse assays, and samples were subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to characterize microbial communities. Amendment of soil with 10% (g/g) compost containing 16.9 mg CO2/g dry weight organic carbon resulted in soil temperatures that were 2oC to 4oC higher than soil alone. Approximately 85% of total organic carbon within the amended soil was exhausted during 22 days of solarization. There was no significant difference in residual respiration with soil depth down to 17.4 cm. Although freshly amended soil proved highly inhibitory to lettuce seed germination and seedling growth, phytotoxicity was not detected in solarized amended soil after 22 days of field solarization. The sequencing data obtained from field samples revealed similar microbial species richness and evenness in both solarized amended and non-amended soil. However, amendment led to enrichment of a community different from that of non-amended soil after solarization. Moreover, community structure varied by soil depth in solarized soil. Coupled with temperature data from soil during solarization, community data highlighted how thermal gradients in soil influence community structure and indicated microorganisms that may contribute to increased soil heating during solarization. Reliable predictive tools are necessary to characterize the solarization process and to minimize the opportunity cost incurred by farmers due to growing season abbreviation, however, current models do not accurately predict temperatures for soils with internal heat generation associated with the microbial breakdown of the soil amendment. To address the need for a more robust model, a first-order source term was developed to model the internal heat source during amended soil solarization. This source term was then incorporated into an existing “soil only” model and validated against data collected from amended soil field trials. The expanded model outperformed both the existing stable-soil model and a constant source term model, predicting daily peak temperatures to within 0.1°C during the critical first week of solarization. Overall the results suggest that amendment of soil with compost prior to solarization may be of value in agricultural soil disinfestations operations, however additional work is needed to determine the effects of soil type and organic matter source on efficacy. Furthermore, models can be developed to predict soil temperature during solarization, however, additional work is needed to couple heat transfer models with pathogen and weed inactivation models to better estimate solarization duration necessary for disinfestation.
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Aalto, Juha y Ari Venäläinen, eds. Climate change and forest management affect forest fire risk in Fennoscandia. Finnish Meteorological Institute, junio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361355.
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Forest and wildland fires are a natural part of ecosystems worldwide, but large fires in particular can cause societal, economic and ecological disruption. Fires are an important source of greenhouse gases and black carbon that can further amplify and accelerate climate change. In recent years, large forest fires in Sweden demonstrate that the issue should also be considered in other parts of Fennoscandia. This final report of the project “Forest fires in Fennoscandia under changing climate and forest cover (IBA ForestFires)” funded by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, synthesises current knowledge of the occurrence, monitoring, modelling and suppression of forest fires in Fennoscandia. The report also focuses on elaborating the role of forest fires as a source of black carbon (BC) emissions over the Arctic and discussing the importance of international collaboration in tackling forest fires. The report explains the factors regulating fire ignition, spread and intensity in Fennoscandian conditions. It highlights that the climate in Fennoscandia is characterised by large inter-annual variability, which is reflected in forest fire risk. Here, the majority of forest fires are caused by human activities such as careless handling of fire and ignitions related to forest harvesting. In addition to weather and climate, fuel characteristics in forests influence fire ignition, intensity and spread. In the report, long-term fire statistics are presented for Finland, Sweden and the Republic of Karelia. The statistics indicate that the amount of annually burnt forest has decreased in Fennoscandia. However, with the exception of recent large fires in Sweden, during the past 25 years the annually burnt area and number of fires have been fairly stable, which is mainly due to effective fire mitigation. Land surface models were used to investigate how climate change and forest management can influence forest fires in the future. The simulations were conducted using different regional climate models and greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Simulations, extending to 2100, indicate that forest fire risk is likely to increase over the coming decades. The report also highlights that globally, forest fires are a significant source of BC in the Arctic, having adverse health effects and further amplifying climate warming. However, simulations made using an atmospheric dispersion model indicate that the impact of forest fires in Fennoscandia on the environment and air quality is relatively minor and highly seasonal. Efficient forest fire mitigation requires the development of forest fire detection tools including satellites and drones, high spatial resolution modelling of fire risk and fire spreading that account for detailed terrain and weather information. Moreover, increasing the general preparedness and operational efficiency of firefighting is highly important. Forest fires are a large challenge requiring multidisciplinary research and close cooperation between the various administrative operators, e.g. rescue services, weather services, forest organisations and forest owners is required at both the national and international level.
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Hossain, Sharif M. I., Shongkour Roy, Sigma Ainul, Abdullah Al Mahmud Shohag, A. T. M. Rezaul Karim y Ubaidur Rob. Assessing effectiveness of a person-centered group ANC-PNC model among first-time young mothers and their partners for improving quality and use of MNCH-FP services. Population Council, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2022.1041.
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This baseline report is part of an operations research project “Healthy Women, Healthy Families (HWHF): Shustha Ma, Shustha Poribar” led by Management Sciences for Health (MSH) in partnership with BRAC, SCOPE, and the Population Council. The project aims to improve quality and increase utilization of maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) and family planning (FP) services and information for young mothers-to-be, first-time mothers (FTMs) aged 15-24, and their partners in the urban municipality of Tongi, Gazipur District, Bangladesh, through a group antenatal care ANC-PNC approach. The objectives of this study are to establish baseline values of selected HWHF project result indicators against which the impacts of the project’s intervention can be measured. The target group is young, first-time parents and the study examines the current status of knowledge on MNCH-FP and access to services among FTMs. This quasi-experimental pre-post control group design study employs both quantitative and qualitative data-collection methods. A simple random sampling procedure was employed to select respondents from BRAC FTM lists, while qualitative informants were selected purposively.
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G. Lamorey, S. Bassett, R. Schumer, D. Boyle, G. Pohll y J. Chapman. Development of a Groundwater Management Model for the Project Shoal Area. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), septiembre de 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/909858.
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NEWPORT NEWS SHIPBUILDING VA. The National Shipbuilding Research Program, A Model for a Contractor Health and Safety Management Program. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, diciembre de 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada446588.
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Shott, G. J. Result Summary for the Area 5 Radioactive Waste Management Site Performance Assessment Model Version 4.113. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), abril de 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1054935.
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Douglas P. Boyle, Gregg Lamorey, Scott Bassett, Greg Pohll y Jenny Chapman. Development and Testing of a Groundwater Management Model for the Faultless Underground Nuclear Test, Central Nevada Test Area. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), enero de 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/875339.
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Brandt, Leslie A., Cait Rottler, Wendy S. Gordon, Stacey L. Clark, Lisa O'Donnell, April Rose, Annamarie Rutledge y Emily King. Vulnerability of Austin’s urban forest and natural areas: A report from the Urban Forestry Climate Change Response Framework. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Northern Forests Climate Hub, octubre de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.7204069.ch.
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The trees, developed green spaces, and natural areas within the City of Austin’s 400,882 acres will face direct and indirect impacts from a changing climate over the 21st century. This assessment evaluates the vulnerability of urban trees and natural and developed landscapes within the City Austin to a range of future climates. We synthesized and summarized information on the contemporary landscape, provided information on past climate trends, and illustrated a range of projected future climates. We used this information to inform models of habitat suitability for trees native to the area. Projected shifts in plant hardiness and heat zones were used to understand how less common native species, nonnative species, and cultivars may tolerate future conditions. We also assessed the adaptability of planted and naturally occurring trees to stressors that may not be accounted for in habitat suitability models such as drought, flooding, wind damage, and air pollution. The summary of the contemporary landscape identifies major stressors currently threatening trees and forests in Austin. Major current threats to the region’s urban forest include invasive species, pests and disease, and development. Austin has been warming at a rate of about 0.4°F per decade since measurements began in 1938 and temperature is expected to increase by 5 to 10°F by the end of this century compared to the most recent 30-year average. Both increases in heavy rain events and severe droughts are projected for the future, and the overall balance of precipitation and temperature may shift Austin’s climate to be more similar to the arid Southwest. Species distribution modeling of native trees suggests that suitable habitat may decrease for 14 primarily northern species, and increase for four more southern species. An analysis of tree species vulnerability that combines model projections, shifts in hardiness and heat zones, and adaptive capacity showed that only 3% of the trees estimated to be present in Austin based on the most recent Urban FIA estimate were considered to have low vulnerability in developed areas. Using a panel of local experts, we also assessed the vulnerability of developed and natural areas. All areas were rated as having moderate to moderate-high vulnerability, but the underlying factors driving that vulnerability differed by natural community and between East and West Austin. These projected changes in climate and their associated impacts and vulnerabilities will have important implications for urban forest management, including the planting and maintenance of street and park trees, management of natural areas, and long-term planning.
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Mohammadian, Abolfazl, Ehsan Rahimi, Mohammadjavad Javadinasr, Ali Shamshiripour, Amir Davatgari, Afshin Allahyari y Talon Brown. Analyzing the Impacts of a Successful Diffusion of Shared E-Scooters and Other Micromobility Devices and Efficient Management Strategies for Successful Operations in Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, mayo de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-006.
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Active transportation can play an important role in promoting more physically active and positive public health outcomes. While walking and biking provide significant physical health benefits, their modal share remains low. As a new form of micromobility service, shared e-scooters can enhance the suite of options available in cities to promote active transportation and fill in the gaps when walking or biking are not preferred. Although e-scooters show potential as a mode of transportation, it is unclear whether people will adopt the technology for everyday use. Furthermore, shared micromobility (e.g., electric scooters) is gaining attention as a complementary mode to public transit and is expected to offer a solution to access/egress for public transit. However, few studies have analyzed integrated usage of shared e-scooters and public transit systems while using panel data to measure spatial and temporal characteristics. This study aims to examine the adoption and frequency of shared e-scooter usage and provide policy implementation. To do so, the researchers launched a survey in the Chicago region in late 2020 and collected a rich data set that includes residents’ sociodemographic details and frequency of shared e-scooter use. To characterize the frequency, the researchers used an ordered probit structure. The findings show that respondents who are male, low income, Millennials and Generation Z, or do not have a vehicle are associated with a higher frequency of shared e-scooter use. Furthermore, this study utilizes shared e-scooter trips for a 35-day measurement period from 10 shared e-scooter operators in Chicago, where the researchers used a random-parameter negative binomial modeling approach to analyze panel effects. The findings highlight the critical role of spatial and temporal characteristics in the integration of shared e-scooters with transit.
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Seale, Maria, Natàlia Garcia-Reyero, R. Salter y Alicia Ruvinsky. An epigenetic modeling approach for adaptive prognostics of engineered systems. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), julio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41282.
Texto completoResumen
Prognostics and health management (PHM) frameworks are widely used in engineered systems, such as manufacturing equipment, aircraft, and vehicles, to improve reliability, maintainability, and safety. Prognostic information for impending failures and remaining useful life is essential to inform decision-making by enabling cost versus risk estimates of maintenance actions. These estimates are generally provided by physics-based or data-driven models developed on historical information. Although current models provide some predictive capabilities, the ability to represent individualized dynamic factors that affect system health is limited. To address these shortcomings, we examine the biological phenomenon of epigenetics. Epigenetics provides insight into how environmental factors affect genetic expression in an organism, providing system health information that can be useful for predictions of future state. The means by which environmental factors influence epigenetic modifications leading to observable traits can be correlated to circumstances affecting system health. In this paper, we investigate the general parallels between the biological effects of epigenetic changes on cellular DNA to the influences leading to either system degradation and compromise, or improved system health. We also review a variety of epigenetic computational models and concepts, and present a general modeling framework to support adaptive system prognostics.