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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Architecture multi-échelles"
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Tesis sobre el tema "Architecture multi-échelles"
Hardy, Clément. "Architectures multi-échelles de type encοdeur-décοdeur pοur la stéréοphοtοmétrie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC222.
Texto completoPhotometric stereo is a technique for 3D surface reconstruction of objects. This field has seen a surge in research interest due to its potential applications in industry. Specifically, photometric stereo can be employed for tasks such as detecting machining defects in mechanical components or facial recognition. This thesis delves into deep learning methods for photometry stero, with a particular focus on training data and network architectures.While neural network over-parameterization is often adequate, the training dataset plays a pivotal role in task adaptation. To generate a highly diverse and extensible training set, we propose a new synthetic dataset. This dataset incorporates a broad spectrum of geometric, textural, lighting, and environmental variations, allowing for the creation of nearly infinite training instances.The second decisive point of a good reconstruction concerns the choice of architecture. The architecture of a network must ensure a good generalization capacity on new data to generate very good results on unseen data. And this, regardless of the application. In particular, for the photometric stereo problem, the challenge is to be able to reconstruct very high-resolution images in order not to lose any details. We therefore propose a multi-scale encoder-decoder architecture to address this problem.We first introduce a convolutional neural network architecture for calibrated photometric stereo, where the lighting direction is known. To handle unconstrained environments, we propose a Transformers-based approach for universal photometric stereo. Lastly, for challenging materials shiny like translucent or shiny surfaces, we introduce a ``weakly calibrated'' approach that assumes only approximate knowledge of the lighting direction.The approaches we have investigated have consistently demonstrated strong performance on standard benchmarks, as evidenced by both quantitative metrics and visual assessments. Our results, particularly the improved accuracy of reconstructed normal maps, represent a significant advancement in photometric stereo
Kessis, Mehdi. "Gestion intégrée et multi-échelles des systèmes répartis : Architecture et canevas intergiciel orientés composants". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00742118.
Texto completoDureisseix, David. "Une Approche Multi-échelles pour des Calculs de Structures sur Ordinateurs à Architecture Parallèle". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00083732.
Texto completoLa méthode employée se propose de tirer parti du parallélisme intégré dans la Méthode A Grand Incrément de Temps (LATIN), proposée par Pierre Ladevèze et développée depuis plusieurs années au Laboratoire de Mécanique et Technologie de Cachan, couplée avec une méthode de décomposition de la structure en sous-structures et interfaces. Une première étude, restreinte au cas de l'élasticité plane, a permis de mettre en évidence que l'utilisation directe de cette approche, sans stratégie particulière, perd rapidement de son efficacité lorsque le nombre de sous-structures croît.
Le but du travail de thèse a été de montrer la faisabilité de l'intégration d'une stratégie multiéchelle (à 2 degrés de raffinement suivant une vision hiérarchique), pour pallier la difficulté précédente. L'adjonction d'un problème à grande échelle, global sur toute la structure, permet ainsi de prendre en compte les effets à grande longueur d'onde et de propager rapidement l'information parmi les sous-structures. Cette stratégie a été implantée dans le code de calcul de type industriel CASTEM2000 (maintenant Cast3M) de façon à pouvoir être portée sur différents calculateurs multiprocesseurs à mémoire distribuée. Un autre point clé est l'étude du choix des discrétisations des champs intervenant dans la méthode, pour ne pas complètement privilégier une approche en déplacement au détriment des quantités « statiques », en particulier pour les interactions entre les sous-structures et leur environnement, à savoir les interfaces qui leur sont connectées.
Da, Silva David. "Caractérisation de la nature multi-échelles des plantes par des outils de géométrie fractale : application à la modélisation de l'interception de la lumière". Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20158.
Texto completoWith concerns such as sustainable development or climat changes, controling and understanding plant growth has become important society matters. Computer models that uses plant architecture, called "functional-structural plant models" (FSPMs), have become more and more widespread. Contrariwise to agronomic models based on the relations between few parameters, FSPMs allow to assess the relation between the three-dimensional structure of plants and the physical and ecophysiological processes that drive their development. However, plant architecture, and particularly its geometry, is rather complex and can be described at different detail levels. In this thesis we wanted to characterize the complex multiscale geometry of plants with few descriptors in order to be able to acknowledge the structure in simple models of light interception. First, we developped mathematical methods to characterize the multiscale geometry of plants using descriptors from fractal geometry. The fractal dimension allows one to characterize the way plants physically penetrate space as a function of the observation scale. To characterize the plant geometry more thoroughly, the fractal dimension needs to be complemented with a description of spatial density of geometric details at each scale: the lacunarity. We recall the usual definitions for both the fractal dimension and the lacunarity, analyze their limits, and propose variants of these descriptors that better suit the characterization of plant organization. These different definitions are then appraised on data bases of virtual and real plants. Second, we create a light interception model based on the plant multiscale organization. This model computes light interception at each scale, and allows to analyze the scale by scale relation between plant structure and its light interception ability. This model is then used and evaluated on isolated trees and heterogeneous canopies
Gu, Tang. "Modélisation multi-échelles du comportement électrique et élasto-plastique de fils composites Cu-Nb nanostructurés et architecturés". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENAM0017/document.
Texto completoNanostructured and architectured copper niobium composite wires are excellent candidates for the generation of intense pulsed magnetic fields (>90T) as they combine both high strength and high electrical conductivity. Multi-scaled Cu-Nb wires are fabricated by accumulative drawing and bundling (a severe plastic deformation technique), leading to a multiscale, architectured and nanostructured microstructure exhibiting a strong fiber crystallographic texture and elongated grain shapes along the wire axis. This thesis presents a comprehensive study of the effective electrical and elasto-plastic behavior of this composite material. It is divided into three parts: electrical, elastic and elasto-plastic multiscale modeling. In order to investigate the link between the effective material behavior and the wire microstructure, several homogenization methods are applied which can be separated into two main types: mean-field and full-field theories. As the specimens exhibit many characteristic scales, several scale transition steps are carried out iteratively from the grain scale to the macro-scale. The general agreement among the model responses allows suggesting the best strategy to estimate reliably the effective electrical and elasto-plastic behavior of Cu-Nb wires and save computational time. The electrical models are demonstrated to predict accurately the anisotropic experimental data. Moreover, the mechanical models are also validated by the available ex-situ and in-situ X-ray/neutron diffraction experimental data with a good agreement
Djourachkovitch, Tristan. "Conception de matériaux micro-architecturés innovants : Application à l'optimisation topologique multi-échelle". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI086.
Texto completoThe design on innovative micro-architectured materials is a key issue of modern material science. One can find many examples of this kind of materials such as composites materials, foams, and even micro-architectured materials (materials which come along with some periodicity properties at the small scale). A common criterion for these materials is their ratio between weight and stiffness. Topology optimization is well suited for the design of this kind of material since the criterion that is subject to improvement is directly integrated in the formulation of the minimization problem. In this context, we propose some methods for the design of micro-architectured materials using topology optimization and for several criteria. We afterwards illustrate the benefits of these materials thought multi-scale simulations based on the theory of the first gradient and the scale separability assumption in the homogenization framework.A coupled macro/micro optimization method is presented for the concurrent optimization of the these two interdependent scales. The development of a numerical demonstrator has allowed to illustrated those various methods and to test several optimization criteria, mechanical models etcetera. In order to reduce the computational costs that might become exorbitant especially for multi-scale problems since the number of design variables increases significantly, a database approach is proposed. A broad range of micro-architectured materials is stored (and enhanced) for several criteria (weight, stiffness, original behaviour). This database is then consulted throughout the coupled optimization
Rodosik, Sandrine. "Etude de l'impact d'architectures fluidiques innovantes sur la gestion, la performance et la durabilité de systèmes de pile à combustible PEMFC pour les transports". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI090.
Texto completoAlthough hydrogen is booming, fuel cell electric vehicles are still rare on the market. Their high volume and complexity are still major hurdles to the development of PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) systems for transport applications. This PhD. work aimed at studying two new fluidic circuits that can both simplify and reduce the system volume. Namely, the cathodic recirculation, and the Ping-Pong, which is a new fluidic architecture that alternate the fuel feed locations during operation. The performances of both architectures have been studied experimentally in automotive conditions on a 5 kW system. A multiscale analysis was conducted to compare, with other known architectures, the performances of the system, the stack and the homogeneity of the cell voltages inside the stack. The study was completed with a Ping-Pong durability test to evaluate the impact of this new operation on the fuel cell stack. The experimental data have been analyzed at different scales up to the post-mortem expertise of membrane-electrode assemblies
Perdikis, Dionysios. "Functionnal organization of complex behavioral processes". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22050/document.
Texto completoBehavioural studies suggest that complex behaviours are multiscale processes, which may be composed of elementary ones (units or primitives). Traditional approaches to cognitive mod-elling generally employ reductionistic (mostly static) representations and computations of simplistic dynamics. The thesis proposes functional architectures to capture the dynamical structure of both functional units and the composite multiscale behaviours. First, a mathe-matical formalism of functional units as low dimensional, structured flows in phase space is introduced (functional modes). Second, additional dynamics (operational signals), which act upon functional modes for complex behaviours to emerge, are classified according to the separation between their characteristic time scale and the one of modes. Then, complexity measures are applied to distinct architectures for a simple composite movement and reveal a trade off between the complexities of functional modes and operational signals, depending on their time scale separation (in support of the control effectiveness of architectures employing non trivial modes). Subsequently, an architecture for serial behaviour (along the example of handwriting) is demonstrated, comprising of functional modes implementing characters, and operational signals much slower (establishing a mode competition and ‘binding’ modes into sequences) or much faster (as meaningful perturbations). All components being coupled, the importance of time scale interactions for behavioural organization is illustrated. Finally, the contributions of modes and signals to the output are recovered, appearing to be possible only through analysis of the output phase flow (i.e., not from trajectories in phase space or time)
Xu, Rui. "Multiscale modeling of heterogeneous materials : application to Shape Memory Alloys". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0066.
Texto completoThe main aim of this thesis is to develop advanced and efficient multiscale modeling and simulation techniques for Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) composite and architected materials. Towards this end, a 3D generic multiscale model for architected SMAs is implemented in ABAQUS, where a thermodynamic model, proposed by Chemisky et al. [1], is adopted to describe the local constitutive behavior of the SMA, and the multiscale finite element method (FE2) to realize the real-time interaction between the microscopic and macroscopic levels. Microscopic fiber instability is also efficiently investigated in this framework by introducing the Asymptotic Numerical Method (ANM) and the Technique of Slowly Variable Fourier Coefficients (TSVFC). To improve the computational efficiency of the concurrent mulitscale approach, in which tremendous microscopic problems are solved online to update macroscopic stress, data-driven multiscale computing methods are proposed for composite structures. Decoupling the correlated scales in concurrent FE2 framework, microscopic problems are solved offline, while the online macroscopic computational cost is significantly reduced. Further, by formulating the data-driven scheme in generalized stress and strain, Structural-Genome-Driven computing is developed for thin-walled composite structures