Tesis: "Arbitrato commerciale"

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DAVERIO, FRANCESCA CHIARA NOEMI DIVA. "Arbitrato e fallimento". Doctoral thesis, Università Bocconi, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/11565/4053899.

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Cavallari, Maria Gaia. "Arbitrato societario tra concorrenza e alternatività". Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200864.

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La convenzione arbitrale nell’arbitrato societario. Dall'arbitrato comune all'arbitrato societario: esclusività o concorrenza? Oggetto dell'arbitrato, disponibilità del diritto e questioni compromettibili nomina, poteri, decisioni degli arbitri societari.

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GRASSI, MICHELE. "LA TEORIA DELLA RES JUDICATA NELL'ARBITRATO COMMERCIALE INTERNAZIONALE". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/610259.

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Il presente studio si propone di indagare il funzionamento della teoria della res judicata nel contesto dell’arbitrato commerciale internazionale. L’espressione res judicata individua i caratteri d’irretrattabilità e vincolatività del provvedimento giurisdizionale reso all’esito del giudizio e, come tale, rappresenta un elemento essenziale di ogni sistema di risoluzione delle controversie. La funzione svolta dalla teoria in esame all’interno del processo dipende da un bilanciamento tra valori e principi contrastanti, quali, nello specifico, le esigenze di economia processuale e certezza delle situazioni giuridiche, da un lato, e il rispetto del principio dispositivo nonché la tutela del diritto di azione e di difesa, dall’altro. La concreta individuazione dell’oggetto e dell’estensione degli effetti del giudicato solleva, pertanto, questioni teoriche e pratiche di particolare complessità, a cui i diversi ordinamenti nazionali forniscono risposte marcatamente difformi. La diversità nella disciplina del giudicato assume un peculiare rilievo laddove il giudice sia chiamato a determinare gli effetti preclusivi e conclusivi prodotti da un provvedimento giurisdizionale straniero; in tali ipotesi sorge un problema di coordinamento tra le diverse discipline potenzialmente applicabili e, segnatamente, tra le norme processuali dell’ordinamento d’origine e le norme processuali dell’ordinamento in cui s’intende far valere la decisione. Quando, poi, s’intenda considerare l’operatività del principio della res judicata nel contesto dell’arbitrato commerciale internazionale, alle complessità appena illustrate si aggiungono le naturali incertezze che caratterizzano tale mezzo di risoluzione delle controversie. In particolare, assumono rilievo le differenti possibili rappresentazioni del fenomeno arbitrale; coloro che concepiscono l’arbitrato commerciale internazionale come un ordinamento giuridico indipendente e separato dagli ordinamenti statali, affermano la necessità di adottare un approccio autonomo al problema giudicato e, in particolare, di elaborare un insieme coerente di regole transnazionali che permetta di risolvere le questioni sollevate dall’applicazione della teoria in esame nel contesto arbitrale. Al contrario, chi ritiene che gli arbitri esercitino sempre il loro potere giurisdizionale nell’ambito di un ordinamento giuridico nazionale affermano la necessità di individuare una norma di conflitto che consenta di identificare le regole processuali di origine statale applicabili del giudicato. Entrambi tali approcci, per ragioni diverse, presentano rilevanti profili di criticità e non possono ritenersi pienamente soddisfacenti. Nel presente studio si suggerisce, allora, l’adozione di una prospettiva più pragmatica nella considerazione delle problematiche sollevata dall’applicazione della res judicata nel contesto arbitrale. In particolare, si propone una differenziazione tra le ipotesi in cui l’invocazione di una precedente decisione sottenda un’obiezione alla giurisdizione del tribunale arbitrale e le ipotesi in cui essa rilevi ai fini dell’ammissibilità delle domande e delle eccezioni formulate dalle parti. Nel primo caso, il mancato riconoscimento di una decisione che sottenda un’obiezione alla giurisdizione del tribunale arbitrale porterebbe, con grande probabilità, all’annullamento o al diniego di riconoscimento del lodo e, pertanto, a un inutile aggravio dei costi di lite. Di conseguenza il tribunale dovrebbe adottare un approccio conforme alle regole previste nell’ordinamento della sede. Laddove, invece, l’invocazione di un precedente giudicato sollevi questioni attinenti all’ammissibilità della domanda, di regola tali problematiche dovrebbero essere disciplinate dalle norme dell’ordinamento in cui ha sede la procedura arbitrale e, in particolare, dalle norme di diritto processuale civile internazionale che disciplinano il riconoscimento degli effetti dei provvedimenti giurisdizionali stranieri in tale ordinamento. Nondimeno, laddove la controversia presenti un elevato grado di transnazionalità e il legame con la sede della procedura sia oggettivamente molto tenue, al tribunale arbitrale potrebbe essere riconosciuta una maggiore flessibilità: gli arbitri potrebbero riconoscere tutti e i soli effetti originari del provvedimento giurisdizionale fatto valere in giudizio, nel rispetto, in ogni caso, dei principi di ordine pubblico dell’ordinamento in cui ha sede la procedura.
The purpose of this doctoral dissertation is to explore the functioning of the res judicata doctrine in international commercial arbitration. The notion of res judicata refers to the final and binding nature of decisions rendered at the end of judicial proceedings and, as such, is an essential feature of every dispute resolution system, both at a domestic and at an international level. The role played by the doctrine of res judicata depends on a balance between conflicting values, such as the principle of procedural economy and efficiency on the one side, and the principle of due process, with specific regard to the parties’ rights to present their case and to be heard, on the other side. The definition of the scope and the effects of res judicata, therefore, raises complex issues, and the solution to these issues varies considerably between national legal systems. The differences between domestic laws are relevant also from a transnational perspective. If a challenge of res judicata is raised with respect to a foreign judgment, the judge has to determine whether to accept the original effects that the decision would have in the State in which it was rendered or to equalize the effects of the foreign judgment with the effects that are usually recognized to domestic decisions. Where a challenge of res judicata is raised before an international commercial arbitral tribunal, the lack of certainties concerning the application of conflict rules breeds even more complexities. Those authorities that represent international arbitration as an autonomous legal order suggest the adoption of a transnational approach to res judicata and recommend the development of a set of substantive transnational rules. Conversely, those who consider that the arbitral tribunal is strictly bound to the legal order of the seat of the procedure, suggest the application of a conflict of law rule, in order to identify the applicable domestic rules of res judicata. Both approaches, for different reasons, are not satisfactory. This dissertation suggests the adoption of a more pragmatic approach in the identification of the scope and the effects of res judicata in international commercial arbitration. To this purpose challenges of res judicata that raise issues of jurisdiction shall be clearly differentiated from challenges of res judicata that raise admissibility issues. Whenever issues of jurisdiction underpin a challenge of res judicata, the arbitral tribunal should adopt an approach coherent with the rules of the State of the seat. As a matter of fact, a violation of those rules could result in the annulment or the refusal of recognition of the award. Whenever issues of admissibility underpin a challenge of res judicata, as a rule the arbitral tribunal should apply the rules of the State of the seat and, specifically, the conflict of laws rules of the seat that regulate the recognition of foreign decisions. However, if the transnational nature of the arbitration is quite pronounced, and the procedure is not closely connected with any domestic legal systems, the arbitral tribunal might apply a «more transnational» approach. In any event, this approach shall not lead to the application of substantive transnational rules, but rather to the recognition of the original effects of the decisions invoked in the proceedings, except where the recognition of such effects violates the procedural public policy of the State of the seat.

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4

Motto, Alessandro. "La compromettibilità delle controversie di impugnazione delle delibere assembleari". Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200765.

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Impostazione del problema e critica alle tesi formulate in dottrina e giurisprudenza. I limiti oggettivi alla compromettibilità. La compromettibilità delle controversie di impugnazione delle delibere assembleari.

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NORI, GIOVANNI MARIA. "L’Arbitrato ICSID e la tutela internazionale degli investimenti esteri. Il concetto di investimento estero.". Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/273434.

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Finalità e struttura dell’opera. Mai come in questi ultimi anni si è discusso così spesso di investimenti esteri e dei connessi regimi normativi di incentivazione e disincentivazione. A partire dalla guerra commerciale dei Dazi ingaggiata tra Stati Uniti e Cina, fino agli accordi tra Italia e Cina sulla famigerata nuova via della seta, i temi del commercio internazionale e, più in particolare degli investimenti esteri sono tornati al centro dell’attenzione politica, mediatica ed economica. Perché non tornare dunque a parlarne anche sotto il profilo giuridico? Sulla scia di questo rinvigorito global interest per gli investimenti esteri, il presente lavoro si pone il duplice obiettivo, da un lato di ricercare una definizione economicamente e giuridicamente attuale del concetto di investimento estero, dall’altro di indagare in merito alla necessità o meno di cristallizzare un concetto (quello di investimento estero) così ampio in una granitica definizione normativa. Tali interessi di studio e approfondimento, che si collocano in un rapporto di specie a genere, oltre ad essere giustificati dal rinnovato interesse per il diritto internazionale degli investimenti, ritrovano fondamento nel fatto che la ricerca costante di una definizione è una attività che coinvolge ed impegna gli studiosi del diritto, di ogni settore, sin dalle più antiche elaborazioni del pensiero giuridico stesso. Prendendo le mosse da tale “primordiale” interesse degli studiosi del diritto, occorre, però, dare atto che relativamente a tale questione dell’utilità o meno – per il diritto – di fissare un fatto/atto/situazione in una definizione, la letteratura giuridica si è sempre mostrata divisa, originandosi così diversi e contrapposti orientamenti dottrinali. Nel dettaglio, tale contrasto intestino che affligge la scienza giuridica, trova una (fra le tante) esemplare dimostrazione nella vaga, o in alcuni casi del tutto assente, definizione del concetto investimento estero. Poste le basi che faranno da fondamenta del presente lavoro, si precisa che gran parte della questione sottesa alla ricerca, si lega inscindibilmente allo studio del testo della Convenzione di Washington del 18 marzo 1965 (Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes Between States and Nationals of Other States). In particolare, con detta Convenzione è stato introdotto, sotto l'egida della Banca Mondiale, il Centro ICSID (l'International Centre far the Settlement of Investment Disputes) ed è stata concessa cittadinanza giuridica ad un meccanismo sia conciliativo che arbitrale internazionale e amministrato dal Centro, per la soluzione delle liti sorte tra gli investitori stranieri e gli Stati ospitanti l’investimento estero. In punto di disciplina, proprio per la predetta Convenzione, l’investimento estero rappresenta uno dei requisiti (rationae materiae) richiesti (oltre ad altri) al fine di poter adire la giurisdizione ICSID, poiché, ai sensi dell’art. 25 della Convenzione, i Tribunali arbitrali potranno pronunciarsi solamente in merito alle controversie giuridiche collegate direttamente ad un investimento estero. Ciò nonostante, nel testo della stessa Convenzione, per tutta una serie di ragioni (che si analizzeranno nel corso della presente ricerca), non si è voluto (anche se con opinioni contrastanti) introdurre una definizione del concetto di investimento estero. Costituita l’intelaiatura dalla quale tale studio muoverà, prima di procedere alla trattazione del tema prescelto, si darà spazio, nel primo capitolo del lavoro, ad una necessaria premessa relativa al contesto storico-economico e ovviamente politico che ha fatto da cornice alle trattative e alla stipula della Convenzione. A tal fine, il punto di partenza del presente scritto sarà quello di individuare le ragioni che hanno condotto la comunità internazionale a dotarsi di questo strumento di risoluzione delle controversie in materia di investimenti esteri e al contempo si tenterà di verificare le cause che invece hanno determinato il lento declino degli altri strumenti di tutela, come la protezione diplomatica e il ricorso alla giurisdizione nazionale dello Stato ospitante l’investimento. Fatta tale doverosa introduzione si proverà, nel secondo capitolo del lavoro, a tracciare le principali caratteristiche del Centro e dell’arbitrato in esame, e relativamente a questo ultimo si cercherà di evidenziare la natura dello stesso e i tratti salienti che lo distinguono da qualsiasi altro mezzo di risoluzione alternativo delle controversie in tema di investimenti esteri. Conseguentemente, si passerà alla trattazione principale del presente scritto, la quale, si svilupperà nel terzo e quarto capitolo e si incentrerà sulla messa a fuoco di una (possibile) definizione economicamente e giuridicamente attuale del concetto di investimento estero. A tal fine, in prima battuta, si tenterà di individuare le acquisizioni delle diverse dottrine, nel diritto internazionale dell’economia, inerenti al concetto di investimento. In particolare, prendendo le mosse da tali osservazioni, e preso atto della polivalenza della nozione di investimento, si analizzerà il significato di tale concetto secondo la teoria economica, tentando, al contempo, di delineare il ruolo che l’investimento estero ricopre nel processo di sviluppo economico dei Paesi in via di sviluppo e non, andando ad individuare quali possano essere gli interessi delle Parti, investitore privato e Stato ospitante l’investimento, sottesi a tale tipo di operazioni economiche. In seconda battuta, si cercherà di individuare la definizione “giuridica” del termine investimento, applicando la teoria del cd. double keyhole approach. In tal guisa, si prenderanno in analisi anzitutto le definizioni di investimento contenute nelle varie national investment laws, BITs (bilateral investment treaties) e MITs (multilateral investment treaties). Dopodiché si proverà ad individuare quello che, ai sensi del sistema giuridico ICSID, può essere considerato un investimento, alla luce di quanto disposto in primo luogo dalla Convenzione e dal suo Preambolo, e in secondo luogo dalla ricca ed eterogenea “giurisprudenza” arbitrale formatasi su tale materia. Dal punto di vista metodologico, tale indagine verrà condotta confrontando in modo dialettico, da una parte, i principi espressi nelle pronunce arbitrali e dall’altra parte i contributi dottrinali, tutto ciò al fine di ricostruire una nozione di investimento estero che sia coerente con l’attuale sistema economico-giuridico. Tale approccio di studio risulta essere essenziale in quanto, come noto, il concetto di investimento è per sua stessa natura fortemente legato, contemporaneamente, sia al sistema economico in cui questo realizza i suoi effetti sia al sistema giuridico quale elemento regolatore del mercato e del sistema economico stesso. Di conseguenza, al mutare di questi due fattori chiave, muta anche il concetto di investimento, il quale si sottolinea, essere per l’appunto un concetto non astorico e pertanto sensibile a tutti gli eventi di natura economica e giuridica che coinvolgono il mercato e gli operatori che in questo ultimo operano.
Purpose and structure of the work. Never before have foreign investments and related regulatory incentive and disincentive regimes been discussed so often as in recent years. Starting from the trade war of the Tariffs engaged between the United States and China, up to the agreements between Italy and China on the infamous new Silk Road, the issues of international trade and, more specifically, foreign investment have returned to the center of political, media and economic attention

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Muntañola, Alfonso Gómez-Acebo. "Party-appointed arbitrators in international commercial arbitration". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2013. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/26984.

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This thesis is a study of the system of party-appointed arbitrators in international commercial arbitration: an attempt to provide a comprehensive assessment of the system, in which the main questions about it are addressed and a set of answers to those questions is offered. The assessment takes a three-pronged approach: historical, theoretical and empirical. It includes an historical analysis of unilateral nominations, a theoretical assessment of how the system presently works and a comparative empirical study of challenges of arbitrators in ICC practice. The theoretical assessment of the system of unilateral appointments is a critical analysis of arbitration rules, laws, case law, other authors' reflections on the system and other written materials (such as, for instance, the works of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law and of the International Bar Association). This assessment addresses many questions, including, amongst others: the limits to the right of the parties to make unilateral appointments, the risks to the principle of equality of the parties in the constitution of the arbitral tribunal in certain situations (e.g. multiparty arbitrations, consolidation, joinder), the specific problems of bias in tribunals with party-appointed members, the repeat appointments of an arbitrator by the same party or counsel, the question of whether a different standard of impartiality and independence in party-appointed arbitrators makes any sense, the presumption that party-appointed arbitrators can do things that presiding arbitrators cannot (e.g. the so-called 'special role' of party-appointed arbitrators and certain unilateral communications between appointors and appointees) and the question of whether it is worth keeping the system of unilateral appointments as the default method for the constitution of multiple-member tribunals. The study also includes some suggestions on how to improve the system, namely in order to increase the trust of each party in the arbitrator appointed by the other party and to allow an accurate match between what arbitration end-users may want from party-appointed arbitrators and what they ultimately get.

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Alhadidi, Ismaeel. "Arbitrage commercial international et politiques étatiques en matière commerciale : l'exemple du droit de la concurrence". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0296.

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Il est admis que l’arbitrage international est impliqué dans l’assurance des politiques étatiques. Les droits nationaux contiennent des dispositions édictées en vue de protéger les intérêts étatiques et l’arbitre se trouve souvent amené à se prononcer sur une question qui met en jeu ces intérêts. Une telle opération n’est envisageable que si la matière en question est arbitrable. La question qui se pose est celle de savoir quelles sont les limites de l’arbitre dans la protection et l’assurance des politiques étatiques. En réalité plusieurs branches du Droit ont pour finalité d’assurer les politiques étatiques. A titre d’exemple, le droit de la propriété intellectuelle, le droit des sociétés, le droit de l’investissement et le droit de la concurrence peuvent être cités. Ce dernier constitue une bonne illustration des politiques étatiques. En effet, quand l’arbitre se charge de la mise en œuvre du droit de la concurrence, il est en train d’assurer le respect des politiques étatiques de l’Etat concerné.De ce fait, l’interaction entre l’arbitrage international et les ordres juridiques est devenue une réalité. Cette réalité procède de l’arbitrabilité des matières relevant de l’ordre public des Etats. Certains d'entre eux reconnaissent l’arbitrabilité des litiges intéressant l’ordre public comme le droit de la concurrence. D'autres n’acceptent pas que l’arbitre tranche ce type de litiges.La question de l’arbitrabilité objective nous conduit à étudier les différentes interactions entre l’arbitrage international et les politiques étatiques. Dans le cadre de cette étude, nous nous livrerons à l'étude des manifestations de cette interaction et des limites que l’arbitre doit considérer, du fait que la matière assurant des politiques étatiques, y compris le droit de la concurrence, n'est pas entièrement sujette à l’arbitrage
This study aims to delimit the intensity of the engagement of arbitrators in protecting state interests when it comes to commercial disputes. These interests will be studied under the title of policies because the arbitrator will be enforced sometimes to make an interest prevail over another and the latter will be considered as a policy that deserve a protection. Therefore, we will try to look at the policies that arbitrator cannot scarify and the others that he can do scarify.In one hand, there are some zones that arbitrator must respect without having the possibility to evaluate, which will lead us to examine the question of arbitrability. In the other hand, there are many zones where he can impose his own appreciation. In order to strengthen his position the arbitrator will not hesitate to refer to international law if he chooses to not take into account a national law.The absence of precise rules governing arbitration results in controversial doctrinal positions on the interaction between arbitration and state policies. We will try to clarify these positions and drew the consequences of this situation.Despite the internationality of the arbitration, the national law and the national judge are indispensable for the success of the arbitration. That is to say that the arbitrator is required to pay attention to the policies of the states and decide how he will not ignore them. The states, in return, must put their trust in the arbitrator and rely on him to successfully meet the challenge of state policies

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Othman, Adel. "Le rôle de l'arbitrage commercial international dans le règlement des différends des contrats d'investissements pétroliers". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS091.

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L'arbitrage est considéré comme l'un des principaux moyens alternatifs de règlement des contentieux nés des contrats de commerce international, dont notamment les contrats d'investissements pétroliers. Il bénéficie en effet de la confiance et du soutien des sociétés étrangères opérant dans le secteur de la mise en valeur des richesses pétrolières. On observe un regain d'intérêt pour l'arbitrage aux plans international et étatique. Au plan international, de nombreuses conventions relatives à l'arbitrage ont été conclues et des institutions d'arbitrage à caractère international ont été créées avec pour mission de régler les contentieux que les parties concernées sont convenues de résoudre par voie d'arbitrage. Ces institutions ont élaboré leurs règlements d'arbitrage en tant que cadres juridiques offert au règlement des contentieux qui leur sont soumis. Elles mettent à jour leurs règlements de façon régulière afin de se conformer aux évolutions constantes que connaît l'arbitrage. Au plan national, la plupart des législateurs s'efforcent, dans les États qui se préoccupent du développement de la justice arbitrale, d'en accompagner les évolutions, en promulguant des lois nouvelles ou en mettant à jour celles qui régissent déjà l'arbitrage. Il en va de même pour les tribunaux étatiques qui partagent cette préoccupation et qui s'efforcent de pallier les manques ou de remédier par l'interprétation aux ambiguïtés qui obscurcissent le sens des dispositions législatives relatives à l'arbitrage. Nous avons donc choisi d'aborder certaines des problématiques que soulève l'arbitrage, et de le faire en prenant pour illustration de cette étude les contrats d'investissements pétroliers. Ces derniers comptent en effet parmi les contrats de commerce international les plus importants, du fait du caractère stratégique du pétrole lui-même qui est une denrée tout autant politique que commerciale. L'objectif de cette recherche est de cerner la définition des contrats d'investissements pétroliers, en caractérisant leur nature juridique et les formes juridiques qu'ils prennent. D'autre part, il conviendra de se pencher sur les principales questions soulevées par l'arbitrage relativement à ces contrats, - que ce soit à la phase de conclusion de l'accord sur l'arbitrage, en déterminant la relation qu'entretient la convention d'arbitrage avec le contrat principal ainsi que les effets juridiques produits par la convention d'arbitrage ainsi que les conséquences qu'il faut tirer de la présence, parmi les parties, de l’État producteur ou de l'un de ses démembrements,- ou à la phase de l'instance arbitrale en examinant, entre autres problématiques centrales, la question de la détermination du droit applicable à la procédure arbitrale et celle de la détermination du droit applicable au fond du litige
Arbitration is considered a major alternative means of dispute settlement born of international trade agreements, including the oil investment contracts. It benefits from the trust and support of foreign companies operating in the sector of the development of oil wealth. There is renewed interest in international arbitration and state plans. Internationally, many conventions were concluded arbitration and arbitration in international institutions were created with the task of settling disputes that the parties have agreed to resolve by arbitration. These institutions have developed their arbitration rules as legal frameworks offered to the settlement of disputes submitted to them. They update their regularly regulations to conform to the constant developments affecting the arbitration. Nationally, most legislators are working in the States concerned with the development of arbitral justice, to support changes, by enacting new laws or updating those that already govern the arbitration. It's the same for state courts who share this concern and striving to fill the gaps or correct the interpretation ambiguities that obscure the meaning of the statutory provisions relating to arbitration. We have therefore chosen to address some of the issues raised by arbitration, and do so by taking for illustration of this study the oil investment contracts. These have indeed among the contracts of international trade the most important, because of the strategic nature of oil itself is a commodity just as much political as commercial. The objective of this research is to identify the definition of oil investment contracts, characterizing their legal nature and the legal forms they take. On the other hand, should be to address the main issues raised by the relatively arbitration to these contracts,- Whether the phase of concluding the agreement on arbitration, determining the relationship of the arbitration agreement with the main contract and the legal effects of the arbitration agreement and the consequences to be drawn from the presence among the parties, the producer State or one of its branches,- Or phase of the arbitration proceedings by examining, among other central issues, the question of determining the law applicable to the arbitration proceedings and that of determining the law applicable to the substance of the dispute

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Morchid, Tariq. "Efficacité d’exécution des Sentences Arbitrales dans les pays arabes". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CERG0643.

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L'arbitrage commercial est un mode de règlement de différends qui présente des avantages et qui permet d'obtenir une solution alternative qui offre, en théorie, l'avantage d'une justice plus rapide, moins onéreuse et surtout plus discrète. Il faut citer aussi la recherche, par le recours à l'arbitrage, d'un juge plus qualifié. Or, on constate, parfois, que la procédure arbitrale se juridictionnalise et se juridiciarise. Ainsi si la volonté des parties reste déterminante à plusieurs niveaux : (choix de l'arbitre, choix du droit applicable, choix de la procédure etc.), il arrive un moment où l'une des parties se voit obligée de faire appel à la justice étatique pour apposer à la sentence arbitrale le sceau de la force exécutoire reconnu au jugement.Sur le plan pratique, l'exécution est l'étape la plus importante de l'arbitrage car elle est la mesure de l'efficacité de cette institution, elle est aussi un moment paradoxal sur le plan théorique. Œuvre d'un juge privé, la sentence arbitrale est confrontée aux ordres juridiques étatiques.Cette phase ultime de la procédure arbitrale est le plus souvent spontanée. Les statistiques diverses s'accordent à reconnaitre que dans la plus grande majorité des cas 90% à 95% des sentences arbitrales sont exécutées sans difficultés.Pour les 5 ou 10% restants, il est nécessaire d'avoir recours à la force coercitive des Etats dans lesquels l'exécution est poursuivie et, à cet égard, les conventions facilitant la reconnaissance et l'exécution des sentences arbitrales étrangères, en l'occurrence celle de New York du 10Juin 1958 ratifiée par 135 pays, a joué et joue encore un rôle fondamental.De ce fait le passage du volontaire au forcé s'avère indispensable chaque fois que l'une des parties refuse de se soumettre à la décision de l'arbitre.Il nous parait très utile d'aborder, primo dans un chapitre préliminaire les conventions internationales ainsi que les instruments internationaux facultatifs facilitant l'exécution des sentences arbitrales, secundo les techniques conditions et effets de la mise en exécution de la sentence arbitrale, tertio les obstacles que cette dernière peut rencontrer au niveau de son exécution, ce qui nous amène à poser les questions suivantes :Quel est le rôle joué par les conventions internationales pour faciliter la reconnaissance et l'exécution des sentences arbitrales internationales ?Le recours aux juridictions étatiques pour l'exequatur, peut-il remettre en cause la finalité principale du choix de l'arbitrage comme mode alternatif ?Peut-on alors douter ou remettre en cause l'aspect volontaire ou spontané dans l'exécution de la sentence arbitrale ?Et enfin quels sont les écueils que l'on pourra rencontrer au niveau de ce stade de la procédure arbitrale qu'est l'exécution de la sentence ?
Efficiency of execution of the Arbitration Awards in Arab countries

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10

Almahmoud, Hussam. "L'arbitrage commercial international et les opérations bancaires : étude à la lumière des droits syrien et égyptien". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0123.

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La pratique des affaires révèle le succès que connait l’arbitrage comme mode de résolution des différends. Cette forme de justice, promue par d’importantes conventions internationales et régionales, est reconnue et encouragée par de nombreuses législations nationales. Les Républiques arabes syrienne et égyptienne ne sont pas en reste. Elles se sont dotées de textes importants et modernes qui visent à assurer l’efficacité du processus arbitral et à créer un terrain favorable au développement de ce type de règlement des différends. Pourtant en dépit d’un contexte législatif favorable, les opérateurs du secteur bancaire de ces républiques sont encore réticents à recourir à cette forme de justice. Or si ce constat trouve sans doute quelques justifications s’agissant du contentieux né de la mise en œuvre d’opérations purement internes, il est plus surprenant de l’observer s’agissant d’opérations qui se déploient dans l’ordre international. L’objet de l’étude est donc de souligner les perspectives offertes par les nouveaux dispositifs. En premier lieu c’est la question de « l’accès à l’arbitrage » qui se trouve explorée. Au-delà de cette problématique première, il fallait encore examiner la manière dont ces dispositifs nationaux encadrent « la justice arbitrale » au stade de l’instance comme à celui des recours ouverts à l’encontre de la sentence
The practice of business reveals the success of arbitration as a means of resolving disputes. This form of justice, promoted by important international and regional conventions, is recognized and encouraged by many national legislations. The Syrian and Egyptian Arab Republics are not so left behind this way. They have adopted important and modern texts which aimed at ensuring the effectiveness of the arbitration process and creating a favorable environment for the development of this type of dispute settlement. Yet despite a favorable legislative context, banking operators in these republics are still reluctant to resort to this form of justice. Although this resume may be justified in the case of disputes arising from the implementation of so purely internal operations, it is surprising to observe it in the case of operations which are deployed in the international order. The object of the study is therefore to highlight the prospects offered by the new legal provisions. At first, the question of "access to arbitration" is explored. Going beyond this first problem, it was still necessary to examine the way in which these national provisions frame "arbitral justice" at the stage of the proceedings as well as at the level of appeals available against the award

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11

Narancio, Victoria y del Prado Fabio Núñez. "International Arbitration under debate". IUS ET VERITAS, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122726.

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Is the choice of the arbitral seat still an important decision in international arbitration? Should arbitral awards be subject to greater judicial scrutiny? Should the appeal be in international arbitration? Is it possible that an annulled arbitral award is recognized under the New York Convention? Should the New York Convention be amended to achieve CNY 2.0? Is investment arbitration a system that works? Are the criticisms of investment arbitration valid? In this interview, Gary Born responds to each of these questions by addressing many controversial current issues in international arbitration.
¿Es la elección de la sede del arbitraje todavía una decisión importante en el arbitraje internacional? ¿Deberían los laudos estar sometidos a un mayor escrutinio judicial? ¿Debería existir la apelación en el arbitraje internacional? ¿Es posible que en virtud de la Convención de Nueva York se reconozca un laudo anulado? ¿Debería enmendarse la Convención de Nueva York para lograr una CNY 2.0? ¿Es el arbitraje de inversiones un sistema que funciona? ¿Son las críticas al arbitraje de inversiones válidas? En la presente entrevista, Gary Born responde cada una de estas interrogantes tratando muchos temas polémicos de actualidad en el arbitraje internacional.

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Kamanga, Patricia Nchimunya Shansonga. "An analysis of the powers of arbitrators in international commercial arbitration". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29186.

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This study analyzes the powers of an arbitral tribunal conducting arbitration proceedings under the UNCITRAL Model Law and under the English Arbitration Act of 1996. The study rests on an accumulation of case law, current and secondary literature. The thesis shows that the extent of an arbitral tribunal’s powers is determined by the agreement of the parties subject to the applicable laws and rules of arbitration. The first chapter lays down the framework upon which a tribunal’s powers are established and the basic standard of behaviour expected from a tribunal performing a juridical duty. The second chapter analyzes the power of a tribunal to conduct arbitration proceedings. It recognizes the power of a tribunal to deal with the dispute between the parties as ultimate and its power to deal with procedural issues as limited and subject to the agreement of the parties. Chapter three looks at the power of a tribunal to make a final and binding award that is enforceable at law. The chapter recognizes the need for the tribunal to comply with and fulfil the requirements of the lex arbitri and the doctrine of res judicata. Chapter four examines the nature of objective arbitrability and the power of a tribunal to define its own jurisdiction. The chapter shows the benchmarks used to determine the question of objective arbitrability and how these act as a controlling feature over arbitrable issues as well as over the extent of an arbitral tribunal’s jurisdiction. Chapter five makes an analysis of the extent to which a court may be permitted to intervene in the arbitration process before the appointment of a tribunal and during the tribunal’s conduct of the arbitration proceedings. It becomes evident from the study that the court plays a role of sending arbitrable matters to arbitration and rescuing the arbitration when need be. The final chapter discusses the extent to which a court may intervene in the work of an arbitral tribunal after the final award. The thesis shows that the court’s role is permitted in a systematic way that ensures that the arbitral tribunal’s exercise of its power is not disrupted.

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13

Petkutė, Jurgita. "Valstybė kaip ginčo šalis tarptautiniame komerciniame arbitraže". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070102_103850-42424.

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Šiame magistro baigiamajame darbe analizuojamos valstybės kaip ginčo šalies tarptautiniame komerciniame arbitraže lemiamos teorinės ir praktinės problemos tiriant tarptautinio komercinio arbitražo, arbitražo šalių bei valstybės kaip ginčo šalies tarptautiniame komerciniame arbitraže sampratas. Taip pat analizuojamas galimas įpareigojimų sukūrimas, arbitražinio susitarimo nesudariusioms šalims, valstybės imuniteto tarptautiniame komerciniame arbitraže klausimai bei kiti arbitražo proceso, kuomet viena ginčo šalių - valstybė - ypatumai. Be to, paskutinėje šio magistro baigiamojo darbo dalyje analizuojama Lietuvos Respublikos, kaip ginčo šalies tarptautiniame komerciniame arbitraže, patirtis.
Firstly, in this master thesis the concepts of international commercial arbitration, parties of the arbitration and a state as a party to a dispute in international commercial arbitration are analysed. The analysis of the concept of international commercial arbitration shows that in author’s opinion the concept of international commercial arbitration determined in the Law of Commercial Arbitration of the Republic of Lithuania should be revised. Also the conclusion should be done that the problem of the content of the ‘state’ concept is existing in both – practical and theoretical levels. As the practice regarding this question is not well-established, after the analysis of the existing theories the application of the mixed theory of the concept of the ‘state’ is suggested. Moreover in this master thesis the possibility to bind the non-signatories to arbitration agreement and questions of the immunity of a state in international commercial arbitration are analysed. Those institutes are raising a number of practical problems as on the one hand the threat to bind the non-signatory of the arbitration agreement arises and on another hand the possibility that the award of the arbitral tribunal will not be recognized and/or enforced exists. It is suggested to solve both problems by including special terms into the agreement by which the arbitration agreement is concluded with a state – i. e. it is suggested for the parties clearly to indicate in the agreement the persons that shall... [to full text]

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Bitho, Théodore-Alexandre de Nika. "La protection des secrets commerciaux dans l'arbitrage commercial international". Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01D001.

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L'importance des secrets d'affaires dans l'essor de l'économie mondiale n'est plus à démontrer. Ils sont, selon les indicateurs les plus fiables, la partie la plus importante du patrimoine des sociétés qui détiennent les plus grandes fortunes du monde. Mais force est de constater que leur protection dans l'arbitrage commercial international est peu effective. Ils sont victimes de divulgations licites ou illicites qui les exposent. Pour une meilleure protection des secrets d'affaires durant une procédure arbitrale, des mesures correctives sont nécessaires. Ces mesures doivent concourir à redéfinir un cadre juridique pratique dont le fondement et la justification est la protection de l'information qui a une valeur commerciale et économique. Pour ce vaste chantier, la contribution des usagers et praticiens de l'arbitrage commercial international est indéniable mais celle des États est indispensable
The importance of trade secrets in the development of the global economy is well established. They are, according to the trusted indicators, the most important part of the asset of the companies that hold the greatest fortunes in the world. However it is important to note that their protection during litigation proceedings in the international commercial arbitration is highly inefficient. They are victims of legal or illegal disclosures that expose them. For a better protection of the trade secrets during an arbitration proceeding in international arena, corrective measures are necessary. These measures must contribute to redefining a practical legal framework, a basis and justification of the protection of information of commercial and economic value. For this vast project, the contribution of users and practitioners of international commercial arbitration is undeniable but that of States is indispensable

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15

El, Chazli Karim. "L'impartialité de l'arbitre : étude de la mise en oeuvre de l'exigence d'impartialité de l'arbitre". Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D037.

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Malgré l’importance de l’exigence d’impartialité et sa reconnaissance universelle, sa mise en œuvre en matière d’arbitrage reste entourée de nombreuses incertitudes. En effet, les normes sur l’impartialité de l’arbitre (ex. : standard du doute raisonnable sur l’impartialité) sont généralement trop vagues pour fournir des directives claires aux organes devant les appliquer dans des hypothèses très variées. Dès lors, une étude mérite d’être menée afin de fournir à l’organe chargé d’évaluer l’impartialité de l’arbitre un support lui permettant de mieux accomplir sa mission. Pour ce faire, nous commencerons par distinguer les deux conceptions envisageables de l’impartialité : une conception pure et consensuelle (résistance aux tentations de partialité) et une conception élargie et ambitieuse (ouverture d’esprit à l’égard du litige). Ensuite, nous examinerons les principales questions émanant de la pratique de l’arbitrage. Seront ainsi analysés : l’identification des risques de partialité de l’arbitre à partir de ses actes, liens et opinions préalables ; le degré d’impartialité du coarbitre ; la renonciation à invoquer le risque de partialité. En étudiant chaque question, nous mettrons en évidence ses enjeux (notamment le besoin de prendre en considération les exigences de l’efficacité et de la qualité de l’arbitrage ainsi que le « droit » de chaque partie de nommer un arbitre) pour pouvoir ensuite en envisager les réponses possibles, notamment en nous inspirant des solutions consacrées par la jurisprudence française et étrangère
Despite its importance and universal recognition, the principle of arbitrators’ impartiality is surrounded by many uncertainties, the main reason being that the applicable rules (e. g. reasonable doubts test) are often too vague to offer clear guidance to the authorities, given the diverse situations they have to apply them to. In order to provide them with a clearer guidance, there is a need to conduct a study on the arbitrators’ impartiality. To begin with, we will distinguish the two possible understandings of impartiality : the pure and consensual understanding (resistance to temptation to be partial) and the enlarged and ambitious understanding (open-mindedness towards the dispute’s issues). Then, we will study the practical issues stemming from arbitral practice. These issues revolve around : the assessment of impartiality on the basis of arbitrators’ acts, relationships and expressed views (the issue conflict question) ; the impartiality of party-appointed arbitrators ; the waiver of the right to invoke the risk of partiality. While studying each issue, we will highlight its stakes (especially the need to ensure the efficiency and quality of the arbitral justice as well as the need to preserve the “right” of each party to appoint an arbitrator) in order to contemplate possible answers, especially in the light of what has been decided in French and foreign case-law

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Petrochilos, Georgios C. "Procedural detachment in international commercial arbitration : the law applicable to arbitral procedure". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:41c82c4d-d708-4cfe-b853-d50e41ea0773.

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This thesis seeks to ascertain the rules of private international law determining the procedural law of international commercial arbitral proceedings. In an Introduction, the author outlines the fundamental notions, introduces the topic and the major doctrines and issues, and sets out his methodology and structure of the work. The thesis examine first, as a preliminary issue, the considerations influencing the assumption of jurisdiction over arbitral proceedings. Chapter 1 discusses the various theories on the lex arbitri (the law supplying the general legal framework of an arbitration) as relevant to the procedural law, and concludes that they are deductive and therefore unable to satisfactorily to determine the applicable procedural law. Chapter 2 analyses major national laws as case-studies of the technique and scope of application of international arbitration law, and suggests a model of legislative and court jurisdiction based on the legal concept of 'seat of the arbitration' and on considerations based on the most appropriate court to control an arbitration. Chapter 3 discusses the obligations of the state of the seat under the European Convention on Human Rights and confirms the findings in Chapter 2. In a second part, the thesis elaborates on the title and extent of permissible municipal law interference. Chapter 4 tests the validity of the propositions derived from Chapters 2 and 3 against arbitral practice and concludes that seldom will arbitrators derogate from the law of the seat. Chapter 5 examines the particular case of arbitrations with states and similar entities. The third part discusses the relevance of compliance with the law of the seat at the stage of enforcement of an award. Chapter 6 deals with the technical issue of whether annulment at the place of making precludes enforcement in other fora. That chapter gives the opportunity to discuss models of separation of international jurisdiction and co-operation between different jurisdictions from a practical perspective. It thus serves as a convenient introduction to Chapter 7, which discusses the more abstract question of the nexus required between an arbitral award and the municipal law of the state of rendition in order for the award to enter, in limine, the scope of application of the international instruments in the field. The thesis ends with Conclusions in the form of model provisions for municipal law and arbitration rules.

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Borhara, Paren Chandrakant. "The doctrine of confidentiality in arbitral proceedings and its implementation to the Tanzanian arbitration system". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13187.

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Includes bibliographical references.
Confidentiality has been regarded as an essential attribute of arbitration over litigation due to its “private and confidential” nature in arbitral proceedings. Such attribute of arbitration has been subject to debates over recent years from different scholars in the world of arbitration. Two common law jurisdictions have been the result of such debates. The United Kingdom (England) who has for decades assumed the existence of an implied obligation of confidentiality in its arbitration proceedings while Australia has rejected such an implied obligation and have held that confidentiality is not an essential attribute of arbitration. In Tanzania, the current arbitration laws are silent with respect to confidentiality provisions and there seems to be no literature or any article written on the subject matter. This dissertation therefore aims to introduce the doctrine of confidentiality in Tanzania by examining the two common law approaches case-to-case basis and to show how a developing nation like Tanzania could implement one or combination of the different approaches into its arbitration system. Chapter 1 introduces the doctrine of confidentiality in arbitral proceedings by examining how different scholars have interpreted the concept and by distinguishing the doctrine from privacy. This chapter also covers the nature of confidentiality in arbitral proceedings and the main actors involved in preserving the confidentiality obligation in the arbitral process. Chapter 2 provides for an overview of the arbitration system in Tanzania as well covering the position of the doctrine in its arbitration proceedings. Chapter 3 gives a comprehensive overview of the doctrine of confidentiality in both England and Australia and its implementation to the Tanzanian arbitration system. Chapter 4 concludes and provides for recommendations with further research to be carried out on the doctrine of confidentiality in Tanzania in case of a future arbitration dispute arises on the subject matter.

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18

Kim, Doowon. "Etude comparée du régime de la sentence arbitrale en droit coréen et en droit français". Thesis, Paris 2, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA020092.

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Une étude comparative approfondie en matière d’arbitrage entre le droit coréen et le droit français n’avait jamais été effectuée en France. Surtout, du point de vue comparatiste coréen, le droit de l’arbitrage français a un intérêt particulier dans l’optique des possibles transformations à venir du droit de l’arbitrage coréen. En effet, depuis la réforme de 1999, les juristes coréens portent leur attention, y compris après la récente révision de 2016, sur la réglementation étrangère de l’arbitrage, et s’intéressent au rayonnement international du système français d’arbitrage. Il apparaît dès lors pertinent de présenter l’évolution des deux droits de l’arbitrage en mettant l’accent sur les réformes qui apportent des solutions aux problèmes soulevés par l’application des règles antérieures. Ainsi, la question est de savoir si la législation coréenne actuelle est suffisante pour faire face aux exigences de la communauté internationale et pour promouvoir sur le plan international le système coréen d’arbitrage commercial. Si tel n’est pas le cas, le droit français pourrait-il constituer une source d’inspiration pour une réforme des pratiques et du droit de l’arbitrage ? Pour répondre à ces questions, il apparaît intéressant de comparer notamment le régime de la sentence arbitrale en droit coréen et en droit français. Cette analyse comparative s’attachera donc à expliquer les raisons des différences entre les solutions apportées par ces deux droits, tant au plan législatif qu’au plan juridictionnel, afin de guider les juristes coréens et de mettre en évidence une évolution susceptible de rassurer les parties étrangères envisageant de se soumettre à un arbitrage en Corée du Sud
An in-depth comparative study of arbitration between Korean and French law has never been considered in France. From the Korean comparative point of view, French arbitration law is of particular interest for the next possible directions of Korean arbitration law. For this reason, since the 1999 reform, even after the 2016 revision, Korean jurists have been paying attention to foreign arbitration regulations, especially with regard to the international influence of the French arbitration system. Therefore, it seems relevant to present the evolution of the two arbitration laws by focusing on several reforms that provide solutions to the problems raised by the application of the previous rules. Thus, the question is whether the current Korean legislation is sufficient to meet the requirements of the international community and to promote the Korean commercial arbitration system internationally. If not, should French law be used as an inspiration to define new directions for arbitration practices and laws ? In this respect, it seems interesting to compare in particular the regime of the arbitral award in Korean law and in French law. This comparative analysis will therefore seek to explain the reasons of the differences in the solutions provided by these two laws, on a legislative and jurisdictional level, in order to guide the Korean doctrine and legislator and to highlight developments likely to reassure foreign parties considering arbitration in South Korea

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Fabbi, Alessandro. "L'istruzione probatoria negli arbitrati commerciali internazionali". Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200904.

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Disponibilità del procedimento, disponibilità dell'istruzione probatoria. Prova dei fatti, lex causae e arbitrati internazionali. Prove documentali. Prova per testimoni, confessione, giuramento. Consulenza e testimonianza tecnica. Svolgimento dell’istruzione probatoria.

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Castres, Saint Martin Constance. "Les conflits d'intérêts en arbitrage commercial international". Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020029/document.

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Le conflit d'intérêts est un sujet passionnant notamment en raison de son omniprésence dans l'actualité. Approximative, l'expression empruntée au magma lexical des politiciens et juristes anglo-américains s'est récemment diffusée en France dans le monde des affaires et aussitôt reprise par le jargon médiatique pour désigner des éventuelles interférences de l'intérêt privé dans l'exercice de pouvoirs de nature privée ou publique. Il n'existe en l'état actuel du droit positif français aucune réglementation spécifique de ces « conflits d'intérêts », pas plus en droit privé qu'en droit public, alors même qu'on se préoccupe de leur prévention tandis que leur sanction relève de qualifications plus générales. Il convient donc de s'interroger sur la définition et la valeur opératoire de cette notion et le régime juridique qui pourrait lui être réservé, ce que l'on se propose d'entreprendre dans la sphère du droit privé et par préférence dans le champ de l'arbitrage commercial, particulièrement exposé aux appétits hégémoniques des droits anglo-américains
Conflict of Interests is a fascinated subject due to its pervasiveness in the economic life. This approximated expression, borrowed from the politicians and Anglo-American lawyers' jargon, has recently spread into the French business world and was taken up by the media to designate the interferences of private interest in the exercise of powers of private or public nature. In the current state of French Law, there is no specific rule governing conflicts of interests, neither in Private Law, nor in Public Law. Indeed, politicians and scholars paradoxically only focus on their prevention, whereas their sanctions fall within the scope of broader notions. The aim of this research is to lay down the definition, the operative value and the regime of conflict of interests. The scope of this research shall be, within Private Law, Commercial Arbitration Law, which is particularly exposed to the hegemony of Anglo-American laws

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21

Hortoğlu, Yağmur. "La fraude et l'arbitrage". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01D018.

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Le climat compétitif issu des avantages liés à la favor arbitrandum est susceptible de créer un terrain propice à la fraude. Un tel cadre est notamment entretenu par la multiplication d'acteurs de l'arbitrage motivés par d'autres finalités que la résolution régulière d'un différend. Pour bien identifier ce risque, il est important de distinguer, d'une part, les justiciables qui recourent à l'arbitrage pour la résolution régulière de leur litige et, d'autre part, ceux qui tentent de le détourner de son but légitime. À cet égard, assurer un traitement égalitaire à ces deux catégories de justiciables consisterait à dénier la favor arbitrandum, en remettant en cause l'idée selon laquelle un régime favorable devrait être garanti aux seules instances arbitrales authentiques. Dans la perspective de démontrer que l'arbitrage n'est pas inévitablement condamné à devenir un potentiel instrument de fraude, il est essentiel de cerner mieux les contours du problème. À cette fin, la présente étude entend, dans un premier temps, s'intéresser aux différents actes frauduleux qui peuvent être réalisés dans un arbitrage. Cette démarche permet de proposer une définition de la fraude entièrement propre à la matière arbitrale. Dans un second temps, cette thèse suppose de considérer les efforts que les différents acteurs de l'arbitrage devront engager pour repérer et sanctionner les arbitrages frauduleux dans la perspective de soutenir la lutte contre les différentes fraudes arbitrales
The competitive climate arising from the advantages of favor arbitrandum is likely to create a breeding ground for fraud. Such a framework is maintained particularly by the multiplication of arbitration actors motivated by purposes other than the regular resolution of a dispute. In order to identify this risk, it is important to draw a distinction between, on the one hand, the litigants who resort to arbitration for the regular resolution of their dispute and, on the other hand, those who try to divert it from its legitimate purpose. In this regard, ensuring equal treatment for these two categories of litigants would consist in denying the favor arbitrandum, by challenging the idea that a favorable regime should be recognized only to authentic arbitration proceedings. In order to demonstrate that arbitration is not necessarily destined to become a potential tool for fraud, it is essential to set out the contours of the problem in a better way. Therefore, the present study intends firstly to focus on the various fraudulent behaviours that can occur in arbitration. This approach makes it possible to propose a definition of fraud that is entirely specific to arbitration. Secondly, this study takes into consideration the efforts that the various actors of arbitration will have to make in order to detect and to take action against fraudulent arbitrations in the perspective of supporting the fight against different arbitral frauds

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Schinazi, Mikaël. "The three ages of international commercial arbitration : between renewal and anxiety". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0010.

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Cette thèse porte sur l’histoire de l’arbitrage commercial international, mode de règlement des différends par lequel les parties soustraient l’examen de leur litige aux juridictions étatiques et en confient la solution à une ou plusieurs personnes privées. Cette histoire peut être divisée en trois grandes périodes. Pendant « l’âge des aspirations » (des années 1800 à 1920 environ), l’arbitrage fut utilisé dans de nombreux contextes, tant sur le plan national (arbitrage corporatif) qu’international (arbitrage interétatique), ce qui a conféré certains traits caractéristiques à la pratique moderne de l’arbitrage commercial international. Pendant l’« âge de l'institutionnalisation » (des années 1920 à 1950 environ), des institutions clés, telles que la Chambre de commerce internationale et sa Cour d’arbitrage, furent créées, et on assista également à la mise en place de systèmes d’arbitrage institutionnels cohérents et efficaces. Enfin, l’« âge de l’autonomie » (depuis les années 1950) fut marqué par une spécialisation accrue et par les tentatives d’auto-instituer un corps de droit séparé et de justifier les fondements théoriques du système d’arbitrage dans son ensemble. Cette recherche démontre que l’histoire de l’arbitrage commercial international oscille entre des phases de « renouveau » et des phases d’« anxiété ». Pendant les périodes de renouveau, de nouveaux instruments, dispositifs et institutions furent conçus pour étendre la portée de l’arbitrage commercial international. De telles mesures furent contrebalancées pendant les périodes d’anxiété ou de remise en question, pendant lesquelles on chercha à limiter la place de l’arbitrage (afin, par exemple, de ne pas empiéter sur la souveraineté des États). Cette tension ou mouvement de balancier entre renouveau et anxiété est un trait caractéristique de l’histoire de l’arbitrage commercial international et permet d’expliquer les forces structurantes qui sous-tendent son évolution
This thesis is an exploration of the history of international commercial arbitration—the mechanism by which the mutual rights and liabilities of the parties are determined with binding effect by a third person, the arbitrator, instead of by a court of law. It seeks to divide the history of international commercial arbitration into three broad waves or periods. In the Age of Aspirations (ca.1800–1920), arbitration was used in a range of contexts, both domestic (in local trade associations) and international (between states), as a result of which some of the defining features of modern international commercial arbitration practice were established. The Age of Institutionalization (1920s–1950s) witnessed the creation of key institutions, such as the International Chamber of Commerce and its Court of Arbitration, and the establishment of coherent and effective institutional arbitration systems. The Age of Autonomy (1950s–present) was marked by increased specialization and the attempt to create a separate body of law and justify the theoretical foundations of the arbitration system as a whole. The thesis argues that this history oscillates between moments of renewal and moments of anxiety. During periods of renewal, new instruments, devices, and institutions were created to carry international commercial arbitration forward. These initiatives were then counterbalanced during periods of anxiety, in which it seemed that international commercial arbitration should not go too far (lest it encroach on state sovereignty, for example). This tension or pendulum-like movement—from renewal to anxiety and from anxiety to renewal—is a key feature of the history of international commercial arbitration and helps explain the course of its development

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23

Born, Gary. "Addressing recent criticisms against international arbitrations". THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/108667.

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The last 30 years have been a really exceptional time for international arbitration. The author resembles international arbitration with the SevenKingdoms of “Game of Thrones” where everything went right under the umbrella of the New York Convention.Gary Born states: “Winter is Coming” for international arbitration. The arbitration community should be prepared to defend itself from a metaphorical “armyof undead” who could demand more government control of the arbitration process in the future. In that regard, the author states that instead of beinghunted in defending arbitration, we ought to hunt a little bit. The time to stop fending off attacks and start going on the offensive against arbitration’s critics have come.
Los últimos 30 años han sido una época realmente excepcional para el arbitraje internacional. Gary Born lo asemeja a los Siete Reinos de “Juego de Tronos”, pues todo ha funcionado bien bajo el marco de la Convención de Nueva York. Sin embargo, según Gary Born: “se acerca el invierno” para el arbitraje internacional. La comunidad del arbitraje debe estar preparada para defenderse de un metafórico “ejército de muertos vivientes” que podría exigir un mayor control del gobierno sobre el arbitraje en el futuro. En ese sentido, el autor señala que en vez de ser cazados defendiendo el arbitraje, debemos cazar un poco. El momento de dejar de defenderse de los ataques y empezar a ir a la ofensiva contra los críticos del arbitraje ha llegado.

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24

Danay, Elmi Manijeh. "La sentence arbitrale et le juge étatique : approche comparative des systèmes français et iranien". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D014/document.

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En France et en Iran, le droit de l’arbitrage est le fruit d’une longue maturation historique. L’arbitrage en Iran plonge ses racines dans l’Antiquité. En raison de la culture du règlement pacifique des différends qui dominait alors, l’arbitrage s’est imposé comme le mode privilégié des règlements des différends. Dans le domaine de l’arbitrage commercial international, l’Iran s’est inspiré de la loi-type de la CNUDCI de 1997. Ce pays a également adhéré en 2001 à la Convention de New York. Le point de convergence entre les deux ordres juridiques français et iranien : ils ont cherché à instaurer des règles plus favorables pour la reconnaissance et l’exécution des sentences arbitrales, chacun ayant adopté une démarche différente. La première partie de cette étude est consacrée à la réception de la sentence arbitrale dans les deux systèmes. Seule la sentence définitive peut faire l’objet du contrôle et de l’exécution. Plus concrètement, la qualification en sentence internationale ou étrangère déterminera les règles applicables à la reconnaissance et l’exécution de celle-ci. La sentence arbitrale identifiée et reconnue est susceptible d'être contrôlée par le juge qui déterminera le sort de la sentence. La deuxième partie de notre analyse décrit ce contrôle qui peut être direct à l’occasion du recours en annulation ou indirect lors de la demande de reconnaissance et d’exécution. Ce mécanisme conduit in fine à protéger les droits de la partie gagnante et à empêcher l’abus, par la partie condamnée, des voies de recours
In France and Iran, the law of arbitration is the result of a long historical development. Arbitration in Iran finds its roots in the Antiquity. Because of a culture favoring the pacific settlement of disputes, which was prevailing at that period, arbitration imposed itself as the privileged mode in resolving disputes. In the field of international commercial arbitration, Iranian legal system has been inspired by the UNCITRAL Model Law in the promulgation of its LICA in 1997. This country has also adhered to the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards in 2001. The converging point between the Iranian and French legal systems is the following: they have tried to establish the rules favoring the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards, any of them adopting a different approach. The First Part of this study is allocated to the reception of the arbitral award in the two legal systems. Solely the final award could be subject to control and enforcement. More concretely, the qualification of the arbitral award as international or foreign award will determine the applicable rules in the matters of recognition and enforcement. The arbitral award, identified and recognized, could possibly be controlled by the judge who will determine its fate. The Second Part of our analysis describes the said control that could be direct, on the occasion of the action for setting aside the award, or indirect, when requesting the recognition and enforcement of the award. This mechanism will lead in fine to protecting the winning party’s rights and avoiding any abuse of the means of recourse by the losing party

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25

Zajdela, Basile. "L'autorité de la chose jugée devant l'arbitre du commerce international". Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010276.

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L’autorité de la chose jugée est consubstantielle à l’idée même de justice. Si l’arbitrage est une justice privée et contractuelle mais une «justice quand même», elle doit logiquement composer avec l’autorité de la chose jugée. Il faut d’abord que les décisions issues de cette justice puissent bénéficier d’une telle autorité ; il faut ensuite que les juridictions arbitrales respectent l’autorité des décisions qui ont été rendues antérieurement. C’est ce second point qui est le cœur de notre étude.Du point de vue de l’arbitre du commerce international, la question de l’autorité des décisions, qu’elles soient arbitrales ou étatiques, présente des difficultés originales qui tiennent, pour l’essentiel, à la position autonome de l’arbitre. Investi d’une mission juridictionnelle ponctuelle par la volonté des parties, l’arbitre n’est a priori pas tenu par les considérations relatives à la cohérence d’un ordre juridique précis, à la paix sociale, à la bonne administration de la justice… Autrement dit, le seul caractère juridictionnel de sa mission ne lui impose pas nécessairement la prise en compte de la chose précédemment jugée. Tout bien analysé, il s’avère que c’est la volonté des parties à l’arbitrage qui conduit l’arbitre à reconnaître la normativité des décisions puis à leur attribuer une certaine autorité, à cette fin, il devra d’abord s’assurer de leur régularité avant de s’interroger sur l’étendue de leur autorité.Le fondement subjectif de l’obligation pour l’arbitre de respecter l’autorité de la chose déjà jugée et l’absence de contrôle étatique conduisent toutefois à reconnaître à l’arbitre une vaste liberté dans le choix des règles ou principes applicables. Nous verrons toutefois qu’à condition de distinguer les différentes formes empruntées par l’autorité de la chose jugée, le traitement de l’autorité de la chose jugée par les arbitres internationaux, s’il n’est pas homogène, est loin d’être aussi chaotique que l’on pourrait le croire, mieux encore, il apparaît que des pratiques raisonnables peuvent souvent être distinguées
The force of res judicata is consubstantial with the very idea of justice / is an integral part of the idea of justice. If arbitration is private and contractual justice – but “justice nonetheless” – it logically needs to deal with the force of res judicata. Firstly, the decisions issued by arbitrators need to benefit from this force; secondly; arbitral tribunals need to respect the force of previous judicial decisions. Our study focusses on the latter aspect. From the point of view of the international commercial arbitrator, the question of the res judicata effect of arbitral or court decisions poses interesting questions and presents challenges, primarily with regards to the autonomous position of the arbitrator entrusted with an ad hoc judicial task in accordance with the intention of the parties, the arbitrator is not a priori bound to considerations regarding the coherence of a specific legal order, social peace or the sound administration of justice… In other words, the jurisdictional character of the arbitrators’ mission alone does not necessarily force them to take into account the force of res judicata. All things considered, it appears that it is the intention of the parties in the arbitration process which leads the arbitrator to acknowledge the normativity of the decisions, and to attribute them a certain force. To this end, the arbitrator will be required to check their conformity before reflecting upon the scope of their force. The subjective basis for the arbitrator’s obligation to respect the force of res judicata and the absence of state control nevertheless invite to consider the arbitrator’s significant amount of leeway in choosing which rules and principles to apply. However, we will show that, provided that a distinction is made between the different forms taken by the force of res judicata, the treatment of the force of res judicata by international arbitrators, if not exactly homogeneous, is far from being as chaotic as one might think, indeed, it appears that reasonable practices can even be observed

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Tleiji, Fatima. "Le cadre juridique du cyber arbitrage dans le commerce international". Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D047.

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Cette thèse est une étude comparative entre la loi française et la loi égyptienne ; elle porte sur le cadre juridique du cyber arbitrage dans le commerce international, ces termes signifiant la dématérialisation des procédures de l’arbitrage lequel représente un moyen alternatif pour régler les litiges commerciaux. La question est de savoir dans quelle mesure les règles de l'arbitrage traditionnel sont aptes à régir l'arbitrage dématérialisé et s’il faut créer pour ce dernier des règles juridiques spécifiques. La réponse à cette problématique s’articule autour de la possibilité pour toutes les règles de la législation d’adopter les nouvelles technologies. Notons que l’arbitrage dématérialisé est soumis à la même règle traditionnelle régie par la théorie générale des contrats, selon le principe de la volonté des parties, mais cet arbitrage se déroule hors la présence de ces dernières car par le biais de moyens électroniques. La procédure arbitrale aura lieu à distance, cependant, si au plan technique l'arbitrage en ligne se pratique aisément, il n’en va pas de même au plan juridique. En d’autres termes, l'arbitrage classique comprend pléthore de conditions impératives tant sur le fonds que sur la forme, conditions que l'arbitrage en ligne, en vertu de sa nature, ne réussit pas à satisfaire en totalité. Les deux lois comparées sont globalement convergentes et concordent avec les principes internationaux. Après une longue période de franche hostilité on note, dans les années quatre-vingts de la part des pays arabes, des changements dans leur attitude à l’égard de l’arbitrage commercial international. Toutefois, la loi française dépasse la loi égyptienne en matière électronique
This thesis is a comparative study between French law and Egyptian law; it concerns The legal framework for cyber arbitration in international trade, these terms mean paperless arbitration procedures which represents an alternative way to resolve trade disputes. The question is to what extent the rules of traditional arbitration are able to govern dematerialized arbitration and whether to create it for specific legal rules. The answer to this problem is based on the ability of all the rules of law to adopt new technologies. Note that the dematerialized arbitration is subject to the same traditional rule governed by the general theory of contract, on the basis of the will of the parties, but the arbitration shall be conducted without the presence of the latter because through electronic means. The arbitration proceedings will be held remotely, however, if technically online arbitration easily practice it does not hold true in legal terms. In other words, the classic arbitration includes plethora of mandatory conditions on both the funds and the form, terms as online arbitration, pursuant to its nature, does not satisfy in full. Both laws are compared globally convergent and consistent with international principles. After a long period of open hostility there are, in the eighty years from Arab countries, changes in their attitude to international commercial arbitration. However, French law exceeds the Egyptian law on electronic material

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27

Arvind, Thiruvallore Thattai. "Quid facit arbitrium? : the legal regulation of international commercial arbitration and its impact on the arbitral process". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439843.

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Wehbe, Fatima Sara. "Composantes multidimentionnelles de l’arbitrage : de la considération locale à l’interculturalité internationale". Thesis, Le Havre, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEHA0024/document.

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La mondialisation a permis l’instauration de plusieurs institutions d’arbitrage. Cette multitude de choix offerte aux investisseurs pourrait induire les parties à choisir une institution défavorable quant à la résolution de leur litige. L’objectif de la thèse est de présenter un modèle de gestion pour les juristes qui facilite le choix de la juridiction la plus efficace ceci avec la mise en œuvre d’un tableau de notation associant des critères multidimensionnels accordant une notation selon le degré d’importance vue par les parties. A ce sujet, le tableau mis en place regroupe les quatre juridictions les plus connues internationalement qui sont les juridictions étatiques, la CCI, le CIRDI et la CNUDCI. L’arbitrage est composé de plusieurs fondements qui lui accordent sa spécificité. L’analyse multidimensionnelle permettrait donc de faire une analyse arithmétique des valeurs comparatives des composantes juridiques et extra-juridiques de l’arbitrage qui forment le tableau de notation afin de faciliter la prise de décisions des investisseurs. Afin de vérifier l’efficacité du tableau de notation, un questionnaire a été adressé aux investisseurs ainsi que des interviews effectuées avec des juristes ont permis de déceler l’impact de l’expérience sur le choix du centre le plus efficace. L’étude de cas de l’affaire COMMISIMPEX est un exemple de l’effet du choix inefficace sur la résolution du litige et explique comment l’expérience pourrait affecter la décision de l’institution d’arbitrage le plus efficace à la résolution du litige. Pour en conclure qu’il n’y a pas de juridiction intrinsèquement meilleure que les autres. Il faut donc procéder au cas par cas et selon ce que les parties recherchent suite à leur litige, pour en déduire la juridiction ou l’institution qui leur serait la plus favorable afin de leurs garantir le plus de droits lors de la résolution de leur litige
Globalization has established several arbitral institutions. They offer a multiple of choices to the investors that could induce the parties to choose an unfavorable institution.The aim of this thesis is to present a management model for jurist which facilitates the choice of the most efficient jurisdiction in resolving their dispute, with the implementation of a scoring table combining multidimensional criteria, giving a rating according to the degree of importance for the parties. In this regard, the table regroup four of the most well-known internationally jurisdiction, the State court, the ICC, the ICSID and the UNICITRAL. Arbitration is composed of several fundaments that give it its specificity. Multidimensional analysis thus would make an arithmetical analysis of the comparative values of the legal and extra-legal components of arbitration which form the scoring table to facilitate decision making of investors. To verify the effectiveness of the scoring table a questionnaire was sent to investors as well as an interview conducted with lawyers have identifies the impact of the experience on the choice of the most efficient arbitral center. The Case study of COMMISIMPEX is an example of the effect of inefficient choice on the resolution of the dispute and how the experience may affect the decision of the most effective arbitration institution to the resolution of the dispute. To conclude none of the jurisdiction is inherently better than the others. We must proceed case by case and according to what the parties are looking after their dispute, to deduce the court or institution that would be most favorable to them by guarantying more rights in the settlement of their dispute

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29

El, houdaigui Nora. "Droit et pratique de l'arbitrage commercial international dans les pays du Maghreb". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CERG0487.

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La thèse porte sur la pratique et le droit de l'arbitrage commercial international dans les pays du Maghreb.Dans un premier temps, il est mis en perspective les lois de l'arbitrage de ces pays au regard des principes et des règles devant assurer l'efficacité de l'arbitrage. L'analyse des notions importantes telles: "l'arbitrage", "l'international", "Commerce" est un préalable. Puis il s'est agit d'analyser le comportement des institutions judiciaires et extra-judiciaires vis à vis de l'arbitrage (tribunaux nationaux, chambres de commerce, organismes patronaux, centres d'arbitrage locaux, professionnels du droit, universités de ces pays).Dans un second temps, une analyse critique de la loi est entreprise en appréciant toutes les défaillances. Lorsque celles-ci sont suffisamment graves elles peuvent alors être considérées comme la manifestation d'une résistance à ce mode de règlement privé des différends. Nous avons considéré qu'il existe deux types de résistances : celle qui se manifeste par le biais de la loi et qui est susceptible de nuire à l'arbitrage et celle qui est dite "tranquille" car elle n'agit pas contre l'arbitrage mais témoigne d'une certaine prédilection pour les autres modes privés de règlement des différendson retrouve d'ailleurs cette caractéristique dans l'ensemble des pays arabes).Finalement une synthèse des atouts et défaillances a été prévue afin de procéder à la désignation d'une place d'arbitrage au Maghreb (place du fait d'une loi particulièrement favorable à l'efficacité de l'arbitrage et place institutionnelle en raison d'un règlement d'arbitrage opératoire qui inclue la conciliation ou la médiation)
The thesis is on the practice and the law of international commercial arbitration in the countries of the Maghreb.In the first time, it is put into perspective the laws of the arbitration of these countries in the light of the principles and rules to ensure the effectiveness of the arbitration. The analysis of such important concepts: "the arbitration", "the international", "trade" is a prerequisite.And then he is to analyze the behavior of judicial institutions and extra-judicial about the arbitration (national courts, chambers of commerce, agencies employers, local arbitration centers, law professionals, universities of these countries).In a second time, a critical analysis of the act is undertaking in enjoying all the failures. When the latter are serious enough they can then be regarded as the manifestation of a resistance to this mode of private settlement of disputes. We considered that there are two types of resistors: that which is reflected through the law and which is likely to harm to the arbitration and one which is called "quiet" because it is not against the arbitration but reflects a predilection for the other modes deprived of settlement of disputes is also this feature in the whole of the Arab countries).Finally a synthesis of the strengths and failures was provided in order to proceed to the designation of a place of arbitration in the Maghreb (place of a law particularly favorable to the effectiveness of the arbitration and institutional due to a regulation of arbitration procedure that includes the conciliation or mediation)

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Ilieva, P. "Judicialisation of international commercial arbitration". Thesis, City, University of London, 2016. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/17891/.

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It has been increasingly argued that international commercial arbitration is stripping off its intrinsic features of an alternative dispute resolution method and turning into a mechanism that is almost indistinguishable from litigation. The development describing the metamorphosis of international commercial arbitration into a method that is very similar in process and substance to national litigation is referred to as the judicialisation of international commercial arbitration. The focus of this research is the process of judicialisation. The thesis questions whether it exists at all and, if yes, to what extent it has permeated both international arbitration proceedings and arbitral decision-making. While attempting to answer those questions other salient considerations are raised, such as: • Which characteristics of international commercial arbitration are fundamental for this method of dispute resolution and should remain intact; • What are the driving forces of the process of judicialisation; • Is the judicialised approach entirely consistent with the benefits of international commercial arbitration and to what extent? The ultimate objective of this thesis is to answer the question whether the judicialisation of international commercial arbitration is a positive development and thus be encouraged. Where negative implications are recognised, an attempt is made to identify the causes of the judicialisation process and offer solutions, if attainable.

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31

Ríos, Pizarro Carlos. "Three is a crowd? Some notes about Third Party Funding and its application in commercial arbitrations". IUS ET VERITAS, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123422.

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In this article, the author introduces us to the institution of third party funding and its future application in arbitration litigation. Third party funding allows the litigant’s costs can be funded. Moreover, he points out the problems that the third party financing has, and the implementation of rules to deal with this situation. Finally, there is a tendency to expand the duty of disclosure of the parties whether a third party is funding them.
En este artículo, el autor nos introduce a la institución del third party funding y su futura aplicación en los litigios arbitrales. El third party funding permite que los costos del litigante puedan ser financiados. Asimismo, señala los problemas que presenta el tercero financista, y la implementación de normas para afrontar esa situación. Finalmente, hay una tendencia de ampliar el deber de revelación de las partes sobre si se está siendo financiado por un tercero.

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32

Tarawneh, Musleh Ahmad Musa. "Recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitration agreements under the New York Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards of 1958". Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 1998. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=59754.

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33

Chabbi, Iskander. "La mondialisation du Droit de l’arbitrage : la contribution de la loi-type de la CNUDCI". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR0032.

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Le commerce international a connu une expansion remarquable dans le monde depuis quelques décennies. Or, face au caractère inadapté de la justice étatique à résoudre les litiges inhérents à cette activité qui transcende les limites géographiques, il fallait nécessairement concevoir un mode juridictionnel adéquat, qui soit à même de régir ces litiges en vue de respecter l’impératif de célérité, principe gouvernant toutes les relations commerciales. C’est ainsi que l’arbitrage, en tant que mode privé de règlement de certaines catégories de litiges par un tribunal arbitral auquel les parties confient la mission de les juger, en vertu d’une convention d’arbitrage, a posé un jalon significatif, en se manifestant comme le mode normal de règlement des litiges inhérents au commerce international. Et c’est précisément la prééminence de l’arbitrage en la matière qui a fait qu’une grande importance a été accordée à sa réglementation juridique par les Nations Unies. Dans ce cadre, la Commission des Nations Unies pour le Droit Commercial International (CNUDCI) fut investie de la mission d’élaborer une loi-type pour l’arbitrage commercial international, qui puisse représenter un mode souple d’harmonisation internationale du Droit de l’arbitrage. Cette loi a vu le jour en 1985 et fut amendée en 2006. L’objectif de cette thèse consiste à déterminer la portée précise de la contribution de la loi-type de la CNUDCI à la mondialisation du Droit de l’arbitrage et à proposer des perspectives d’évolution pour ladite loi en vue d’une mondialisation plus efficiente du Droit de l’arbitrage
International trade has grown remarkably around the world in recent decades. This has led to an exponential increase in the number of disputes duly established in this field. However, due to the inadequacy of State justice to resolve the disputes inherent to this activity which transcends geographical boundaries, it was necessary to devise an adequate means of dispute resolution capable of regulating these disputes while respecting the imperative of celerity which represents a principle governing all commercial relations. Thus arbitration, as a private means of resolution of certain categories of disputes by an arbitral tribunal to which the parties entrust the task of judging them by virtue of an arbitration agreement, has set a significant milestone, by manifesting itself as the regular mode of settlement of disputes inherent to international trade. And it is precisely the pre-eminence of arbitration in this area that has led the United Nations to give a great importance to its legal regulation. In this context, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) was entrusted with the task of elaborating a Model Law on international commercial arbitration, which would represent a flexible mode of international harmonization inherent to arbitration Law. This law came into being in 1985 and was amended in 2006. The aim of this thesis lies in determining the precise scope of the contribution of UNCITRAL model law to the globalization of arbitration Law and to propose prospects of evolution to the above mentionned law, which may lead to a more efficient globalization of arbitration Law

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Newrosy, Aref. "The need for cross-border injunctions in international commercial arbitration within the European Union". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU10024.

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Mbithi, Peter Mutuka. "International commercial arbitration in Kenya: is arbitration a viable alternative in resolving commercial disputes in Kenya?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12893.

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Includes bibliographical references.
The purpose of this paper was to determine whether arbitration is a viable alternative for resolving commercial disputes in Kenya. More so, because Kenya has adopted the UNCITRAL Model law, 1985 and revised the same in line with the model law, 2006. Furthermore, Kenya has set up the Nairobi Centre for International Arbitration, with an aim to promote and improve the conducting of arbitrations in the country. To answer the research question, the writer looked at the history of the arbitration law in Kenya, how the communities living in Kenya settled their disputes. In doing so, the writer looked at the dispute resolution mechanisms of the Kamba, the Kikuyu and the Kipsingis, all communities living in Kenya before the country was colonised by the British. We also looked at how the law of arbitration was introduced. Having established the basis of the Arbitration law in the country, the writer canvassed on the development of the law since independence in 1963 to the current situation. This included the support recently given to alternative dispute resolution mechanisms by the Constitution of Kenya as well as the establishment of the Nairobi Centre for International Arbitration. The writer also gave an overview of the role of the court in arbitration in Kenya, giving instances and examples at which the law envisages the involvement of the court in the arbitration process. Court supervised arbitration was also canvassed. The paper went on to look at the situation of commercial arbitration in two other developing countries in Africa, South Africa and Mauritius. It was found that Mauritius, which enacted its International Arbitration Act in 2008, has moved decisively to market itself as a viable, safe and prospective place of international commercial arbitration. It was also established that South Africa has not been able to review its Arbitration law, which was enacted in 1965. Last the writer looked at the opportunities, the benefits and the challenges that face arbitration in Kenya today. The research was limited by the fact that it was not possible to write about the practice of all communities in Kenya and therefore the three chosen were taken as samples to represent all the others.

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Vafakish, Sistani Masoud. "International commercial arbitration and state contracts". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27017.

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Whether international commercial arbitration is appropriate as a method of state contracts dispute settlement is the main question of this thesis. In the course of this study, it is noted that, as a growing method of private commercial disputes settlement, international commercial arbitration, in principle has developed against a private law background. A trend in the practice of such arbitrations points to a desire for an expansion of the powers of arbitrators and the subsequent reduction of the role of national laws in arbitration and its eventual elimination through the so-called 'transnationalisation' of the process. Chapters I-VI focus on the question of how this process of transnationalisation is pursued and to what extent it has been accomplished. These chapters include a study of the nature of arbitration and state contracts, jurisdictional issues, control function in arbitration of state contracts, applicable substantive law, substantive remedies and the recognition and enforcement of awards. The final chapter, the question of why such a transnationalisation is sought is addressed. It attempts to identify the theoretical basis of transnational arbitration and any likely policy objectives followed by its proponents. From such a study, it would appear that, as distinct from national and international law, transnational law theory as the basis of international commercial arbitration follows a reductionist view of the setting of the law relating to transnational economic activities which considers only the commercial aspects. Given such foundations of the theory, it is argued that a bias towards the transnational business community ensues and is in turn reflected in the mechanisms of dispute settlement. In this sense, it would appear that, in relation to the settlement of state contract disputes, the mechanism, in principle, is biased against state parties whose concerns are not purely commercial, but have a public policy element. In dealing with the above, by way of comparison, references are made to the national and international law positions in respect of the matters under discussion.

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37

Sokolowska, Lidia. "L'arbitrabilité des litiges de droit privé. Perspective comparatiste". Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020041.

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S’inscrivant dans le cadre des débats de la doctrine polonaise sur le régime de l’arbitrabilité objective et la nécessité de réviser le droit polonais de l’arbitrage, l’objectif général de la présente thèse est d’analyser la notion d’arbitrabilité au travers des solutions adoptées par les droits distinctifs de la famille romano-germanique et du système Common Law, afin d’étudier leur efficacité quant à la soumission des litiges du droit privé à l’arbitre. Suivant les tendances actuelles en arbitrage interne et international, notamment en droit français et polonais, une telle analyse des solutions législatives comparées permet de nourrir utilement les discussions sur le modèle de l’arbitrabilité.À cet égard, la présente étude cherche, en premier lieu, à vérifier l’hypothèse selon laquelle le critère polonais de l’arbitrabilité ne remplit pas son rôle, ne constituant pas un indicateur pertinent des litiges arbitrables. En deuxième lieu, elle vise à répondre à la question de savoir si, à la suite des processus de libéralisation du droit de l’arbitrage, il s’est développé un concept d’arbitrabilité « transnationale ». Enfin, confrontant le processus de libéralisation des critères d’arbitrabilité au risque de l’incertitude juridique qu’il engendre, la présente étude pose la question du besoin de redéfinition des limites de l’arbitrabilité face aux attentes de la justice privée fonctionnelle.Pour cerner la notion d’arbitrabilité sur le plan théorique, la présente étude adopte une approche descriptive, qu’incarne l’analyse stricto sensu de l’arbitrabilité, d’avant d’interroger l’application concrète de ce concept dans les différents domaines du droit, dans une perspective plus prospective. Une telle démarche permet une appréciation lato sensu de la notion d’arbitrabilité
As part of the debates of the Polish doctrine on the arbitrability regime and the need to revise the Polish law of arbitration, the general objective of this thesis is to analyse the notion of arbitrability through the solutions adopted by the distinctive legislations of the Romano-Germanic family and the Common Law system, in order to examine their effectiveness as regards the submission of private law disputes to the arbitrator. Following the current trends in domestic and international arbitration, particularly under French and Polish law, such an analysis of comparative legislative solutions tends to enrich discussions on the arbitrability model.In this respect, the present study seeks, first, to test the hypothesis that the Polish criterion of arbitrability does not fulfill its role, not constituting a relevant indicator of arbitrable disputes. Secondly, it aims to answer the question of whether, as a result of the liberalization process of arbitration law, a concept of "transnational" arbitrability has been developed. Finally, confronting the process of liberalization of arbitrability criteria with the risk of the legal uncertainty, this study raises the question of the need of redefinition of the arbitrability limits, facing the expectations of a functional private justice.In order to define the notion of arbitrability theoretically, the present study adopts a descriptive approach, embodied by the analysis of arbitrability in the strict sense, before questioning the concrete application of this concept in the different domains of law from a more prospective perspective. Such an approach allows the analysis of the notion of arbitrability in the broad sense

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38

Labatut, Tifany. "L’intervention du juge étatique avant un arbitrage commercial international, étude comparée : france – Etats-Unis". Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0019.

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Le développement de l’arbitrage international s’inscrit de nos jours, comme l’un des modes alternatifs de règlement des conflits le plus utilisé. Sa nature hybride, à la fois contractuelle et juridictionnelle, en fait le mode privilégié du monde des affaires ; cet engouement pour l’arbitrage international, s’explique en ce que la mondialisation de l’économie et l’effacement progressif des frontières, ont obligé les acteurs du commerce, à résoudre les litiges avec efficacité et immédiateté ; chose que les juridictions étatiques ne sont pas à même de procurer dans la pratique, contrairement à l’arbitrage international, qui jouit d’une réputation favorable, en traitant les conflits qui lui sont confiés, avec célérité, efficacité et confidentialité. Reste une question : l’arbitrage international reçoit-il la-même acceptation selon tous les États ? Les études de droit comparé, démontrent à première vue, une réelle volonté d’harmonisation des dispositions entourant l’arbitrage afin d’en faire un mode totalement autonome des juridictions étatiques. Cependant, une analyse plus approfondie démontrera que cette volonté est relative, ce qui poussera le juge étatique à intervenir tout au long de la procédure arbitrale (avant, pendant, après) pour en faire « un auxiliaire indispensable de la justice arbitrale » . Cette intervention du juge étatique, sera néanmoins plus délicate dans la première phase de l’arbitrage (avant), en ce que dérivent de cette ingérence, la mise en œuvre ou non de l’arbitrage. Surviennent alors de nombreuses questions : est-ce que l’intervention du juge étatique contrevient à l’autonomie de l’arbitrage international ? Mais aussi, quelle est la nature de cette intervention : coercitive, d’assistance, de contrôle ? Cela met-il en péril l’autorité de l’arbitre-juge ? Est-ce que cette intervention du juge étatique peut être utilisée par les parties à des fins dilatoires? Tout l’enjeu de ces travaux sera de trouver des réponses à ces questions au travers une étude de droit comparée entre la France et les États-Unis
Summary Nowadays, international arbitration is one of the most commonly used alternative forms of conflict resolution. Its hybrid nature, both contractual and jurisdictional, makes it the preferred mode of the business world ; this enthusiasm for international arbitration is shown in the fact that economic globalization and the gradual disappearance of borders have forced trading parties to resolve disputes with efficiency and immediacy, which state courts are unable to provide in practice ; this is in contrast to international arbitration, which has a favorable reputation in managing and resolving conflicts entrusted to it in a timely manner, efficiently and confidentially. Nevertheless, a question remains: does international arbitration have the same acceptance from all states? At first glance, studies in comparative law show a genuine desire to harmonize the provisions surrounding arbitration, so as to render it a totally autonomous mode of state jurisdiction. However, a more thorough analysis will show that this desire is relative, which will push the state judge to intervene throughout the arbitration process (before, during, after) to make it "an arbitral justiceÕs indispensable auxiliary ". However, this intervention by the state judge will be more delicate in the arbitrationÔs first phase, and the result will be its implementation or not. Then, a number of questions arise: does the intervention of the state judge violate the autonomy of international arbitration? But also, what is the nature of this intervention: coercive, assistance, control? Does this jeopardize the authority of the referee-judge? Can this intervention by the state court be used by the parties for delaying purposes? The challenge will be to find answers to these questions through a study of comparative law between France and the United States

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39

Sayed, Abdulhay. "Corruption in international trade and commercial arbitration /". The Hague [u.a.] : Kluwer Law Intern, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/331629887.pdf.

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Petsche, Markus A. "The growing autonomy of international commercial arbitration /". München [u.a.] : Sellier, Europ. Law Publ. [u.a.], 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/497948885.pdf.

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41

Tolkušinas, Kasparas. "Defective Arbitration Clauses in International Commercial Contracts". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110124_131045-86915.

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Usually in a drafting process of a contract arbitration clause is left at the end of a contract. Sometimes it happens that parties really do not wish start discussions on how should arbitration clause look like or what details should it contain, because either parties think they would never come to a conflict or they are short in time and leave arbitration clause unconsidered. Absence of proper attention when drafting arbitration clauses is likely to give rise to defective arbitration clauses, which lead to much higher than expected time and money costs or even make arbitration impossible. Master thesis analyses defective arbitration clause types and provision of a way to create correct arbitration clauses. In order to reach this goal gradual completion of tasks is necessary, which involves: a) identification of the main features of defective arbitration clause, b) identification of the main elements of well drafted arbitration clause, c) identification of the main types of defective arbitration clauses, d) provision of a classification of defective arbitration clauses, e) provision of as much as possible ways to avoid defective arbitration clauses and f) analysis doctrine and case law in this field and result encompassing conclusions. First part of master thesis briefly defines international commercial contract. This way the geographical scope of master thesis object is defined. Second part presents the roots of defective arbitration clause. Second part encompasses... [to full text]
Dažniausiai rengiant tarptautines komercines sutartis arbitražinė išlyga eina sutarties pabaigoje. Kartais nutinka taip, kad šalys nerodo didelio noro kelti diskusijų dėl to kaip turėtų atrodyti arbitražinė išlyga arba kokius sudėtinius elementus ji turėtų turėti. Šalys gali manyti, kad ginčas mažai tikėtinas, todėl neverta gilintis į arbitražinę išlygą arba dėl laiko stokos įkeliama atsitiktinė arbitražinė išlyga. Pakankamo dėmesingumo trūkumas ruošiant arbitražinės išlygas dažniausiai leidžia kilti arbitražinėms išlygoms su spragomis, kurios esant ginčui priverčia šalis sugaišti daug daugiau laiko ir suvartoja daug daugiau finansinių resursų nei tikėtasi arba išvis paverčia arbitražą kaip ginčų sprendimo būdą šalių atveju neįmanomą. Magistriniame darbe nagrinėjamos arbitražinės išlygos su spragomis ir siekiama pasiūlyti būdą, kaip parengti taisyklingas arbitražines išlygas. Šiems tikslams pasiekti būtinas nuoseklus užduočių įvykdymas, apimantis: a) pagrindinių arbitražinės išlygos su spragomis bruožų nustatymą, b) pagrindinių taisyklingai parengtos arbitražinės išlygos elementų nustatymą, c) pagrindinių arbitražinės išlygos su spragomis tipų nustatymą, d) arbitražinių išlygų su spragomis klasifikacijos pateikimą, e) būdų išvengti arbitražinių išlygų su spragomis pateikimą ir f) doktrinos bei teismų praktikos analizę ir apibendrinančių išvadų pateikimą. Pirmoji magistrinio darbo dalis glaustai apibrėžia tarptautinę komercinės sutartį. Tokiu būdu geografinės magistrinio darbo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

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42

Abasheikh, Omar Said Imam. "International commercial arbitration : a single supranational system". Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/17102.

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This dissertation examines International Commercial Arbitration as it appears to have reached a turning point. Through the lens of institutional entrepreneurship opportunity and institutional change theory, the dissertation seeks to determine whether transforming arbitration from an unregulated process to a regulated system would enhance the practice. This question is vital at the present time as arbitration is blemished by increasing cost and time of arbitration proceedings, intervention by national courts in the arbitral process, diminishing party autonomy, and loss of privacy and confidentiality of the proceedings as shown by data from surveys conducted in the last decade or so, and also due to the potential threat posed by the growth of mediation and also litigation in specialist commercial courts. Commentary frequently highlights these issues, but many commentators seldom propose solutions because practitioners benefit from the institution's current chaotic arrangements where they could increase their fees and extend the proceedings for their financial gain. The dissertation shows that international commercial arbitration is a semi-institutionalised institution and would probably benefit from introduction of the regulative institutional pillar to make it fully institutionalised. An appeal procedure, a mechanism to make the process cost-effective, expeditious, and to reduce intervention by national courts in arbitration proceedings so that arbitrants can maintain privacy and confidentiality of their disputes appears desirable. It recommends establishment of a single supranational regulatory organisation called the 'International Centre for Arbitration of Commercial Disputes' (ICACD) to function as a bureaucratic structure in order to respond to the changing needs of the community and to enhance the institution's status and its functionality, such as to establish the 'International Arbitration Awards Review Council' (IAARC).

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Huang, Ze Yu. "Pathological arbitration clauses in international commercial arbitration :law and practice in China". Thesis, University of Macau, 2016. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3570897.

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Sinclair, Anthony Charles. "State contracts in investment treaty arbitration". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648775.

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Mehdi, Pour Mohammad. "La réception par le droit Iranien de la loi type de la CNUDCI sur l’arbitrage commercial international". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0337/document.

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De nos jours, les activités et les relations d'affaires sont beaucoup plus larges et complexes qu'auparavant. L'extension de cet espace, nécessite que les différends relatifs aux affaires commerciales soient réglés dans des systèmes efficaces adaptés à la nature des litiges de ce domaine, c'est-à-dire, rapidement, de manière précise et par des experts. C'est pour quoi, au cours des dernières décennies, les législations des pays relatives à l’arbitrage ont été actualisées, et les conventions internationales dans ce domaine connaissent une large réussite. Les pays recherchant à transformer leur législation sur l’arbitrage commercial disposent d’un modèle législatif apprécié et intéressant fourni par la loi type sur l’arbitrage commercial international ; il a été adopté en 1985 par la CNUDCI et constitue aujourd’hui une référence pour réaliser une unité juridique dans le domaine de l’arbitrage commercial international. Les transformations des régimes juridiques nationaux ont débuté assez tôt dans certains des pays développés tels la France, la Suisse et la Belgique, tandis qu’elles ont été entamées assez tardivement dans d’autres pays, tels ceux en voie de développement dont l’Iran. En Iran, l’arbitrage a toujours été admis et pratiqué ; néanmoins, la procédure civile iranienne présentait encore des insuffisances, et dévoila encore davantage de défauts concernant l’arbitrage international. En conséquence, les parties iraniennes aux contrats internationaux ne pouvaient convaincre les parties étrangères à accepter l’Iran en tant que place d’arbitrage. C’est en accord avec les évolutions législatives mondiales que l’Iran aussi, tout en se joignant à la Convention de New York de 1958, réforma sa législation sur l’arbitrage commercial international, en adoptant en 1997 une loi sur l’arbitrage commercial international rédigée en adoptant le modèle législatif proposé par la CNUDCI. Cette loi marqua une évolution marquante dans la législation iranienne vu qu’elle institua d’importantes règles alignées sur les tendances récentes du droit de l’arbitrage international. Malgré cela, certains praticiens y découvrirent des défauts et des lacunes, réclamant ainsi une réforme nécessaire pour rendre le droit iranien réellement attractif. Néanmoins, la loi iranienne de 1997 n’a jamais fait jusqu’à ce jour l’objet d’une étude scientifique systématique. L’examen des droits d'autres pays tels que : la français, la belge et l'anglais sur l’arbitrage commercial international, ainsi que l’étude d’autres sources pertinentes, permettra d’identifier et d’analyser en profondeur les lacunes et de proposer des remèdes
Nowadays, the business relations are much broader and more complex than before. The extension of this area of activities requires the disputes arising out of business relationships to be resolved through the effective systems aligned with the nature of this area, i.e. the promptness, accuracy and expertise. Hence, over the last few decades, the national laws relating to the arbitration have been developed, and international conventions in this field achieved a great deal of success.The countries seeking to reform their legislation on commercial arbitration can adopt the well-known model law provided by the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration which has been adopted in 1985 by UNCITRAL and is now a reference for the realization of a legal system in the field of international commercial arbitration. Changes in national legal regimes began relatively early in some of the developed countries such as France, Switzerland and Belgium, while they were initiated fairly late in other countries, such as developing world, including Iran.In Iran, arbitration has always been admitted and practiced; nevertheless, the civil procedure in Iran was inadequate in this area, and revealed even more defects concerning international arbitration. Consequently, Iranian parties to international contracts could hardly convince their foreign parties to accept Iran as the seat of arbitration.It was in line with global legislative developments that Iran, while joining the 1958 New York Convention, has reformed its legislation on international commercial arbitration by adopting a law on commercial arbitration in 1997 in accordance with the model law proposed by UNCITRAL. This law marked a significant development in Iranian legislation as it established important rules aligned with recent trends in the law of international arbitration. Despite this, the practitioners discovered some defects and shortcomings. That’s why they call for a reform necessary to make Iranian law truly attractive. Nevertheless, the Iranian law of 1997 has never been subject of a comprehensive study so far. Examination of the laws of other countries such as French, Belgian and English on international commercial arbitration, as well as the study of other relevant sources, will pave the way to identify and analyze in depth the gaps and propose remedies

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46

Jourdan-Marques, Jérémy. "Le contrôle étatique des sentences arbitrales internationales". Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS025S.

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Par un étonnant paradoxe, le contrôle étatique des sentences arbitrales internationales conduit à réintroduire la justice étatique là où les parties avaient voulu l’exclure. Mais ce paradoxe pourrait n’être qu’apparent. Une approche fondée sur la distinction entre les intérêts publics et les intérêts privés ouvre de nouvelles perspectives. L’examen réalisé par le juge étatique l’invite à s’assurer, d’une part, du respect par les arbitres des intérêts privés des parties et, d’autre part, à contrôler la compatibilité de la sentence avec ses intérêts publics. Aussi paraît-il concevable que l’intérêt en cause puisse modifier directement la nature du contrôle exercé. Parallèlement, le juge compétent est tantôt indirectement désigné par les parties, tantôt déterminé par le lieu d’exécution de la sentence. Par conséquent, il est légitime d’assigner aux juges de l’annulation et de l’exequatur une mission distincte, mais complémentaire. Le juge de l’annulation examinerait les intérêts privés et le juge de l’exequatur garantirait la conformité de la sentence aux intérêts publics. En définitive, la distinction des intérêts privés et des intérêts publics pourrait devenir un instrument de redéfinition du contrôle étatique des sentences arbitrales internationales. À la fois plus respectueux de la volonté des parties, plus protecteur des intérêts étatiques et offrant une solution au désordre actuel du contrôle des sentences arbitrales, ce nouveau paradigme concourrait à l’efficacité de l’arbitrage
State control of international arbitral awards leads to a clear paradox, as it involves State court intervention to a procedure where the parties intended to exclude it. However, this paradox might only be a mirage. An approach based on the distinction between public interests and private interests opens up new perspectives. The review by the national judge invites him, on the one hand, to ensure the arbitrators’ compliance with the private interests of the parties, and, on the other hand, to control the compatibility of the award with public interests. Also, it seems conceivable that the interest in question could directly influence the nature of such control. At the same time, the competent judge is sometimes indirectly appointed by the parties, and sometimes determined by the place of enforcement of the award. It is therefore legitimate to give a separate, yet complementary, role to the annulment judge and to the enforcement judge. The annulment judge would consider the private interests whereas the enforcement judge would ensure the award's compliance with the public interests. Ultimately, the distinction between private interests and public interests could constitute the basis of redefining State control over international arbitral awards. More respectful of the will of the parties, more protective of State interests, this new paradigm would contribute to the effectiveness of arbitration

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Tomandji, Nzapaham Prince Odilon. "L'éthique dans l'arbitrage international". Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0012.

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Au fil des siècles, l’arbitrage s’est développé et s’est imposé comme une véritable justice, reconnue par les parties au litige et par les États. Vanté pour sa célérité et son adéquation aux besoins du commerce international, l’arbitrage a pris un tour décisif avec la mondialisation et l’intensification des transactions commerciales internationales. Malheureusement, comme le dit l’adage « il n’y a pas de rose sans épines », l’arbitrage n’a pas que des roses, il a également ses épines. En effet, l’évolution de cette activité juridique a donné lieu à des dérives. Les pratiques frauduleuses se sont multipliées ces dernières années dans le secteur et le problème de conflits d’intérêts se pose de façon de plus en plus aigüe. Face à cette situation, il est important de rappeler à la communauté arbitrale, tout d’abord, les principes sacro-saints qui gouvernent cette justice. Ensuite, mesurer l’efficacité voire l’effectivité de ces principes dans le contexte des dérives actuelles. Ce qui nous amène à nous demander enfin, si le droit de l'arbitrage international peut-il permettre seul d'endiguer les dérives arbitrales actuelles ou bien peut-on ou doit-on faire appel à d’autres normes de conduites morales comme l’éthique pour renforcer ce droit ? Si oui, dans quelle mesure cela est-il possible ?
Over the centuries, arbitration has developed and had imposed itself has a true justice, recognized by the different parties in a dispute and the countries. Touted for his quickness and his international trade appropriateness’ needs, arbitration has taken a decisive turn with globalization and the intensification of international commercial transactions. Unfortunately, as the old saying goes “there is no rose without a thorn”, arbitration does not only have roses it also has thorns. Indeed, the evolution of this legal activity has given rise to drifts. Fraudulent practices have multiplied in recent years in the sector and the issue of conflict’s interest arises in an increasingly acute manner. To face with this situation, first of all, it is important to remind to the arbitration community, the sacrosanct principle that govern this justice. And then, measure the effectivity or even the effectiveness of these principles in actual context of deviations. This finally leads us to ask, whether if international arbitration’s law can by itself solve actual arbitration deviations or can other moral standards, such as ethics, be used to reinforce this right? If so, to what extent is this possible?

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48

Rodler, Irmgard Anna. "When are non-signatories bound by the arbitration agreement in international commercial arbitration?" Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/112891.

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Tesis (master en derecho internacional (LL.M.) de la inversión, el comercio y arbitraje)
This thesis concerns the issue of third non-signatory parties and analyses under what circumstances they should be bound by an arbitration agreement not signed by them. First it refers to the effects of signing an arbitration agreement between the parties, and then analyses the different theories that eventually could support an extension of the arbitration agreement to third parties. Also, it refers to the legislation of different countries and the treatment courts dispense on this subject, as well as to some international rules to discover which approaches are contained in those rules. It concludes by referring to the most important trends existing presently regarding the subject, used by arbitral tribunals to bring third non-signatory parties into arbitration proceedings

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Bernat, Cédric. "L'exploitation commerciale des navires et les groupes de contrats ou le principe de l'effet relatif dans les contrats commerciaux internationaux". Bordeaux 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR40012.

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Comment le principe de l'effet relatif est-il mis en oeuvre dans l'exploitation commerciale des navires et plus largement, dans les contrats internationaux ? On distingue entre, d'une part la cause personnelle du principe de l'effet relatif qui consiste à déterminer qui sont les parties et les tiers aux contrats commerciaux internationaux et, d'autre part, la cause matérielle contractuelle. Outre les parties à la formation des contrats, les parties à leur exécution regroupent deux catégories de contractants : le cessionnaire de contrat et le destinataire des marchandises transportées par mer. L'étude du statut du destinataire ouvre des réflexions sur la définition du contrat de transport des marchandises en général, l'existence et le régime de la chaîne de transport, et une réforme du Code de commerce, qui constituent l'un des temps forts de l'ouvrage.

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50

Busco, Paolo. "The defence of illegality in international investment arbitration : a hybrid model to address criminal conduct by the investor, at the crossroads between the culpability standard of criminal law and the separability doctrine of international commercial arbitration". Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D087.

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Cette thèse analyse la question relative au cas où, dans l'arbitrage international en matière d'investissements, dont le but principal est l'application des normes visées à la protection des investisseurs, l’État défendeur soutient que l'investissement pour lequel la protection est demandée a été obtenu au moyen d'une forme de criminalité. Dans ce contexte, la défense de l'illégalité soulevée par les État dans les contentieux d'investissement est de plus en plus courante. Cette défense fonctionne selon le schéma suivant : un État hôte enfreint les dispositions de fond que le droit international accorde aux investissements effectués dans un pays étranger, par exemple en expropriant un investisseur étranger de son investissement sans indemnité. Dans le différend qui s'ensuit devant un tribunal arbitral d'investissement, l'État défendeur invoque l'illégalité commise par l'investisseur lors de la réalisation de l'investissement pour se défendre contre la procédure arbitrale intenté contre lui. Le but principal de cette étude est celui de démontrer que des considérations systématiques de nature strictement juridique, aussi bien que de politique juridique, exigent que la défense d'illégalité dans l'arbitrage d'investissement soit strictement restreinte et qu'un tribunal ne puisse décliner d'exercer sa compétence / juridiction que dans des cas exceptionnels. Cette étude aboutit à la conclusion d'après laquelle les tribunaux d'arbitrage devraient plutôt examiner au cas par cas au stade du fond l'ensemble des circonstances soumises devant lui et procéder à une mise en balance appropriée entre les comportements de l'investisseur et ceux de l'État hôte
This thesis addresses the question as to how an investment Tribunal is to react if, in the context of a case brought before it for breach of standards of protection of an investment, the respondent argues that the investment for which protection is sought has been secured by resorting to some form of criminality. Against this background, a defence by the Host State that has become increasingly common is the so-called Defence of Illegality. It operates on the basis of the following scheme : a Host State breaches the substantive provision that international law accord to investments made in a foreign Country, for instance by means of expropriating without compensation the investor's investment. In the ensuing dispute before an investment Tribunal, the defendant Host State raises the illegality committed by the investor in the making of the investment as defence against the breach of the substantive provisions on the protection of the investment, of which it is accused, to avoid responsibility. This thesis intends to demonstrate that both legal and policy consideration dictate that the Defence of Illegality in investment arbitration should be strictly curtailed and that a Tribunal should only decline to exercise its jurisdiction in exceptional cases. Rather, Tribunals should look at the entire set of circumstances at the merits stage and perform a proper balancing test between the conduct of the investor and the Host State

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Tesis sobre el tema "Arbitrato commerciale"

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