Tesis sobre el tema "Approche expérimentale et numérique"
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Abidelah, Anis. "Analyse numérique du comportement d'assemblages métalliques. Approche numérique et validation expérimentale". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725229.
Texto completoAbsi, Joseph. "Les paliers à rainures : approche expérimentale et simulation numérique". Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2273.
Texto completoGillet, Vincent. "Revêtement de cuivre par projection à froid basse pression sur substrats d'aluminium texturés et composites PEEK/Carbone. Approche expérimentale et numérique. : approche expérimentale et numérique". Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4002/document.
Texto completoLow Pressure Cold Spray is an emerging thermal spraying process increasingly appreciated in the industry for its simplicity, low cost and versatility. In order to enhance coatings characteristics, aluminum substrates were laser-textured with holes of varying dimensions distributed in a regular pattern before being coated with copper. An optimization of the holes dimensions led to an increase of the adhesion for Cu/Al2O3 coatings by +81% compared to a raw substrate. These results were analyzed using a mathematical model developed during the thesis allowing to calculate the surface increase induced by the laser texturing. Moreover a characterization of the residual stresses by XRD through the thickness revealed the uniformity of compressive stresses in the deposit. In a second time copper deposits were made on PEEK/Carbon composites. The need to have an organic matrix layer on the composite surface has been highlighted in order to avoid substrate erosion and allow the coating construction. A spraying strategy based on a variation of the powders granulometry being sprayed has therefore been developed in order to reduce the porosity and obtain electrically conductive coatings. In addition to this experimental aspect, a 3D dynamic model has been developed on Abaqus/Explicit. This model allowed to study the influence of the projection parameters and the substrate surface state on the particles deformation during the impact and the induced residual stresses
Dang-Hoang, Thong. "Rupture et endommagement d’un assemblage boulonné : approche expérimentale et simulation numérique". Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10066/document.
Texto completoThis study focuses on the study of fracture and damage of a bolted assembly made up of thin sheets of aluminum alloy 6082 T6, thickness e= 2 millimeters, in single recovery. Several configurations of assemblies (number and arrangement of fasteners) are studied in monotonous solicitations, analyzing the effects of board. The influence of torque and clearance will be considered for the study of the behavior of the link. An experimental approach was implemented to analyze the sequence of damage mechanisms simultaneously using the technique of acoustic emission (AE) and measurement of fields by digital image correlation (DIC). EA Technology has tracked the evolution of acoustic activities by planar localization to better identify the initiation and propagation of cracks. The DIC technique confirms the damage scenarios evaluating, the deformation field at any point near the fastener. The finite element technique was used to predict the overall behavior of these assemblies. The calculations are performed in a 3D computer code using solid elements, shell elements and and are undertaken both in élastoplasticité without and with damage. The prediction of damage has been done using two models : modeling decoupled depending on the model of Latham and Cockroft and coupled modeling based on the model of Gurson modified
Hoang, Thanh Tung. "Récupération et valorisation d'énergie thermique sur gaz chauds- Approche expérimentale et numérique". Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ESMA0016/document.
Texto completoThe aim of the thesis is to analyze the heat recovery on hot gases at intermediate temperature range (250°C - 450°C). For this purpose, the thermosyphon heat exchanger recuperation technology has been chosen. The choice of a working fluid adapted to these temperature levels is one of the crucial points. A literature review identified naphthalene as a potentialfluid for this temperature range. However, because of the lack of information about naphthalene heat pipes, the development of a fundamental test-rig was necessary to fully characterize the thermal behavior and transport capacities of this fluid.A thermosyphon heat-pipe charged with naphthalene in the shape of a smooth stainless steel tube with a diameter of 23.9mm, a length of 1 m (evaporator zone: 20 cm, condenser zone: 20 cm) has been manufactured and tested. The experimental results obtained demonstrate the feasibility of such system in this temperature range and for the thermal powers required.They reveal an unusual behavior of the thermosyphon during the start-up process. In steady state, the analysis deals with the influence of the saturation temperatures, the transferred heat power and the thermosyphon inclination. In terms of performances, the thermal conductance (evaporator, condenser, system) increases with the vapor temperature and decreases with the heat power supplied to the evaporator. The heat flow rate can be applied from 0.2 to 1.5 kW, or 1 to 8W/cm² at the evaporator. During the tests, the system is found to be less sensitive to inclination (0° to 78°), but more important for 84°. In the horizontal position, the thermosyphon operates, but its heat transfer remains high even far away from the thermosyphon mode. A theoretical model has been developed in which the local heat transfer coefficients(evaporator and condenser) are evaluated by different correlations from literature. The comparison with the experimental results allowed to validate the models retained with good agreement, and to make it possible to predict the heat pipe operation for other solicitations.Thus, and finally, a first thermosyphon charged naphthalene recuperator prototype was designed, manufactured and coupled to the "hot gas" line designed and performed in the laboratory. The first results obtained from the complete system allowed us to develop a strategy for heat recovery system on the exhaust line of an automotive application
Guerin, Nathalie. "Approche expérimentale et numérique du comportement du ballast des voies ferrées". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529384.
Texto completoFokwa, Didier. "Matériaux hétérogènes : analyse expérimentale et modélisation numérique par une approche hiérarchique". Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066147.
Texto completoVan, Thua Tri. "Vieillissement du tuffeau en présence de sels : approche expérimentale et numérique". Orléans, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ORLE2069.
Texto completoGuérin, Nathalie. "Approche expérimentale et numérique du comportement du ballast des voies ferrées". Marne-la-Vallée, ENPC, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENPC9631.
Texto completoDespite the major importance of ballast for the quality of the railway track, the ballast behaviour is still not completely understood. The purpose of this report is to describe the identification process of a settlement law of ballast and of a degradation model of the ballasted track. This report proposes a test at reduced scale (1/3), which is used to establish a settlement law of ballast in the vertical plane. To this end, similitude laws have been defined in order to describe the relation between the sizes of the real-size model and the ones characterising the reduced model. These laws are based on the material conservation - ballast - and the stress fields conservation within the specimen. The ballast specimen is submitted to a vertical loading that simulates the kind of loading applied when a TGV bogie runs on a regular track. Results of this test are used to design the settlement law of ballast that links settlement with the elastic deflection of the ballast/ground couple. Parameters that are involved in the loading, such as the quality of the ground under the ballast and the thickness of the ballast layer, are also studied. In order to complement experimental results, a numerical simulation has then been carried out. As opposed to the experiment, which is limited to a sleeper, the numerical simulation is applied to a larger portion of track. The objective is to study the evolution of track defects versus traffic. These defects may be either geometrical (due to levelling irregularities during the track set up) or linked to stiffness variations of both the ballast and the ground. Thus, a model of a running vehicle has been developed in order to calculate dynamic stresses applied on rail. These stresses are then introduced in a quasi-static model of the track which takes into account results of the ballast behaviour obtained with the experiment. Calculations of the evolution of track profiles show clearly that stiffness defects of ballast and ground cause more damage for the track than geometrical defects. This report ends with a micro-mechanical analysis of ballast. For this purpose, the ballast is considered as an assembling of rigid, discreet and tridimensional bodies. This last study shows the possibility of modelling, in a discreet way, the unilateral behaviour of ballast. The numerical model brings out results that are really close to the ones obtained through experiment
Lumeau, Marianne. "Confiance et réputation sur les réseaux électroniques : une approche expérimentale". Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1G010.
Texto completoIn recent years, many empirical studies have shown the positive effect of decentralized feedback mechanisms in the success of online marketplaces. In this dissertation, we aim at experimentally investigating to what extent a feedback mechanism is good enough to create trust among agents and to limit opportunistic behaviors. By providing information regarding past decisions, feedback mechanisms should have positive effects both on trust and trustworthiness. Our findings confirm this intuition. Agents assign positive (negative) ratings to reward (punish) a fair (unfair) behavior. Our study also shed light on the limits of such feedback mechanisms that could bias the feedback mechanism informational content. In particular, some ratings are assigned for strategic motives or other motives, not directly related to the transaction. We also study another informational bias ; the fact that agents can manipulate their reputation. Our findings indicate that the agents do not hesitate to manipulate, which reduces the efficiency of the feedback mechanism. Despite all these limits, feedback mechanisms remain powerful tools for the emergence of cooperation. This is mainly due to two different effects. The first effect is a reputational effect. In other words, people want to avoid the reputational costs of receiving a negative evaluation. The second effect is emotional : agents seek to avoid disapproval from their peers
Marcaillou, Clément. "Serpentinisation et production d'hydrogène en contexte de dorsale lente : approche expérimentale et numérique". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00676948.
Texto completoChebil, Omar. "Interactions et mobilité des organes abdominaux sous sollicitations dynamiques : Approche expérimentale et numérique". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4022/document.
Texto completoThe abdominal cavity presents noble and richly vascular organs which have an important mobility and inertia. During road accidents, the high level of acceleration may lead up to tearing of their attachments systems (including blood vessels) and therefore to serious haemorrhages. The target of this project is to understand how to take into account the interactions and the mobility of the abdominal organs in order to be able to assess their influence on the mechanisms of injury. Therefore, we have first of all characterized the performance of the gastro-colic ligament in uniaxial tension until the failure. We noted down its hyper-elastic performance as well as its sensitivity to strain rate. Afterwards, we studied the splenic avulsion with an approach combining experiments and numerical simulation. This has made it possible to identify the slightly nonlinear hyper-elastic performance of the pancreatico-splenic ligament. Through the numerical approach, we could conclude that the modelling of the pancreatico-splenic junction should rely on the modelling of the vascular structures, but should also integrate the connective tissues and their interactions with the adjacent organs. At last we improved the modelling of the interactions and of the organs' mobility in the pre-existing model MELBA upon the results obtained previously. The organs' kinematics was assessed through a comparative study of the mobility with the first version of the model. This model thereby improved allows a better representativeness of the mechanisms of injury of the abdominal cavity by highlighting the important role of their attachments systems during trauma
Koscher, Matthieu. "Étude de l'extrusion monovis de mélanges d'élastomères : approche expérimentale et simulation numérique". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443625.
Texto completoFrackowiak, Bruno. "Approche expérimentale et simulation numérique des effets d'interactions entre gouttes en évaporation". Toulouse, ENSAE, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ESAE0003.
Texto completoBraymand, Frank. "Etude de la perforation par percussion de bétons : approche expérimentale et numérique". Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0043.
Texto completoThe use of a portable electro pneumatic hammer drill for the percussive drilling of the concrete is a well-developed technology. At the same time the necessary theoretical background of the wave propagation and concrete fragmentation may be quite complex and not fully known to the industry. The head of the drill bit (carbide tip) submitted to a transient loading, behaves like a punch that pierces the concrete causing its crushing and fragmentation. The calculation of the dissipated “mechanical work” during the penetration can be compared to initial “kinetic energy” of the anvil, in order to quantify the efficiency of the perforation process. With our experimental approach, we have shown that the efficiency of 60 to 80% is reached in reality for the studied materials and for concretes of various compositions. Around 0. 7 of the work is dissipated during the second passage of the waves in the drill bit. We have shown that these cycles of energy “dissipation” can be physically interpreted as progressive crushing of the concrete immediately under the cutting edge of the tool followed by dust formation and chipping as the failure of the surface layer develops. The process of brittle fracture makes it difficult to perform a simulation of wave propagation in the drilling rod because suitable modified boundary conditions have not been yet implemented in the computational method. Nonetheless, a successful attempt was made to optimize the anvil and drill bit geometry for maximizing the efficiency of the process. Finally, a great deal of modelling effort was put to describe the dynamic penetration of carbide tip in the concrete, using commercial explicit finite element codes. Based on the results obtained, we have indicated a need for further development of computer codes in the area of the material laws of the concrete material
Calamaz, Madalina. "Approche expérimentale et numérique de l'usinage à sec de l'alliage aéronautique TA6V". Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13605.
Texto completoIn order to optimize machining, it is initially necessary to understand the cutting tools damage mechanisms. For that, it is necessary to know the evolution of the tool/chip contact parameters with the machining conditions. In this way, orthogonal cutting tests in planning and turning configurations were carried out. The instrumentation of these tests allow to access to the chip morphology, the friction at the tool/chip interface and the tool/chip contact length. The mechanism of the TA6V chip segmentation and the measurement of the shear angle can also be reached by using a CCD high speed camera. The temperature and the stress fields developed at the tool/chip interface influence significantly the tool life. They are difficult to reach by experimentation, but can be obtained using numerical simulation of machining process. Their accuracy is conditioned by the capacity of modeling to predict cutting forces and a chip morphology corresponding to experimentation. Nowadays, the principal difficulty of the numerical approaches is to predict the special morphology of the TA6V chip. The new material behaviour model developed in this study takes into account microscopic transformations such as restoration and/or dynamic recrystallization. This new material law was introduced in the numerical machining simulations and led to a good correlation between experimental predictions and results for a large range of cutting speed
Majcherczak, Didier. "Étude thermique d'un contact glissant : approche numérique et expérimentale : application au freinage". Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-169-170.pdf.
Texto completoVan, Roey Jan. "Etude du comportement dynamique des matériaux granulaires et tissés : approche expérimentale et simulation numérique". Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10179/document.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the absorption of shock wave energy by a granular material, and with the study of ballistic impact in fabrics and granular materials. For the assessment of shock wave absorption by a granular material, a test set-up was developed. This set-up allows the evaluation of incident and reflected pressure, and deflection and acceleration of a reference plate as a function of time. An analytical mass-spring-dashpot model with one degree of freedom can predict the deflection correctly. The ballistic performance of a granular material, impacted by a spherical projectile, is evaluated in terms of velocity decay through the material. The experimental results indicate that the impact can be considered as a hydrodynamic impact.In the numerical study, two approaches are used to apply the pressure on the granular material: direct application of the pressure on the sample, and propagation of the shock wave through an Eulerian domain. For the granular material, considered as homogeneous and isotropic, different models have been analysed. A new test set-up was developed for the continuous measurement of the projectile velocity during the penetration in ballistic fabric. The experimental results are compared to an analytical model, based on the conservation of momentum. It appears that the very simple analytical model describes the velocity evolution very well during the first phase after impact
Nguyen, Le Hung. "Béton de structure à propriétés d'isolation thermique améliorées : approche expérimentale et modélisation numérique". Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00931711.
Texto completoSalamone, Salvatore. "Propriétés physiques des empilements de fibres macroscopiques : une approche expérimentale, théorique et numérique". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAE007/document.
Texto completoThe purpose of this work is to understand how intrinsic shape of individual fibers controls the collective behavior of fiber stacks, in particular the mechanical (elasticity) and electrical properties. We consider long fibers, aligned towards one preferential direction with a significant disorder shape. Our study is experimental and numerical. We propose a two dimensions self consistent mean field model which describes the collective elasticity from the individual properties of fibers : the disorder distribution and the bending modulus. We obtain an equation of state which describes with a good agreement the stacks elasticity, without any fit parameters, however up to a multiplicative constant. We obtain similar results between experimental and numerical studies
Fall, Marième. "Approche expérimentale et numérique de l'usure du carbure de tungstène sous impact-glissement". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEC009/document.
Texto completoTungsten carbide cutting tools are very frequently used for tunnel boring machines, as inserts on the drag bits at the front face. With their high toughness, hardness and their wear resistance, they are highly suitable for this kind of application. During excavation, those tools are subjected to important mechanical stresses mostly represented as repetitive impacts combined with the sliding motion induced by the rotation of the cutting wheel. In this regard, their lifetime should be optimized in order to reduce the maintenance operations cost. This thesis highlights the wear mechanisms associated to the impact-sliding motion of tungsten carbide cutting tools. An experimental approach is presented with an impact-sliding test rig allowing to represent the contact dynamics closed to the one observed during the excavation. The test rig is developed with a ball/flat configuration. The ball undergoes a vertical sinusoidal motion derived by an electromagnetic shaker and impacts the inclined tungsten carbide sample. There are two vertical foils underneath the tungsten carbide, which slide backward during the impact: this induces the sliding motion. Three types of tungsten carbides with different chemical compositions, production processes and mechanical properties have been tested. AISI 52100 and SiC balls are considered in this study. Abrasion and adhesion are mainly observed on wear scars, with cracks initiation for the more brittle tungsten carbide. Wear volume depends on many factors : the impact energy, the number of impacts, the impact angle, the ball material, the hardness of materials and the environment under which they are tested. The reference material wears out the most with larger wear scars. The sliding motion contributes greatly on the wear and SiC ball tends to create a sacrificial layer in some conditions. Tests run under argon showed that adhesion is less likely to occur at the contact. Besides, a 3D finite element dynamic model has been developed with the use of ABAQUS/Explicit. Experimental data are taken into account in order to obtain simulation conditions analogous to those in the experimental study. This numerical approach gives an insight on wear phenomena involved in this impact-sliding contact. In addition to this, parameters that were unreachable experimentally could be calculated (sliding distance, friction dissipated energy, plastic deformation energy). Energetic wear coefficient, calculated experimentally, can be correlated with the dissipated energy and the plastic deformation energy. Cracking features are linked to the contact stress distribution. Numerical results provide an input on experimental data and help in understanding complex wear processes entailed in this impact-sliding conditions
Satthumnuwong, Purimpat. "Approche expérimentale et numérique de la rupture des assemblages collés de composites stratifiés". Thesis, Dijon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DIJOS052/document.
Texto completoAdhesive bonding of composite materials has undeniable advantages over other methods such as bolting or riveting. However, one of the difficulties encountered by designers is the prediction of the failure level and failure mode of these adhesively bonded assemblies. In the case of composite laminates, one of the factors acting on the bonded joint behaviour is the stacking sequence, but works presented in the literature do not separate global effects (membrane and bending stiffness modification) and local effect (ply orientation near the adhesive layer). This study deals with the characterization of such effects in the case of single lap joints of carbon/epoxy laminates. In order to isolate the local effects, specific quasi isotropic quasi homogeneous stacking sequences are used. When stiffness properties are maintained constant, strength variations of more than 30 % are observed. Tests performed with a symmetric laminate with bending anisotropy show that the bending stiffness plays also an important role in the joint behaviour. Closed form models are able to predict global effects with a good accuracy but are inappropriate when local effects occur. The use of finite element models can account for these phenomena, by explicitly modelling the laminate plies near the adhesive layer and introducing delamination between these plies with a cohesive zone model. This model is used to perform a parametric study of the joint geometry and to produce a failure envelope according to the orientation of the loading
Blanc, Ludovic. "Caractérisation expérimentale et numérique du chargement généré par une explosion sur un bâtiment". Thesis, Bourges, INSA Centre Val de Loire, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAB0001.
Texto completoThe work presented in this thesis fall within two project, one European, BASIS (Blast Actions on Structure In Steel), and the other French BATIRSÛR (steel building in PPRTs area overpressure), which both aimed at better understanding the vulnerability of metal framed buildings against an overpressure hazard. In particular, our objective was to study the interaction between a shock wave and a structure in order to characterize the overall loading induced by an explosion. From the generation of blast wave by deflagration or detonation of an oxygen propane mixture, small-scale experimental campaigns were conducted. These experimental campaigns highlighted for low levels of overpressure (<200 mbar) some limitations in the existing simplified approaches. Alternatives have then been given. Reflection coefficients, characterizing the loading, were measured. New values were obtained, especially to characterize the diffraction. Data resulting from deflagration and detonation we recompared under identical configurations. The free field propagation of the blast wave generated by a deflagration was reproduced by using the model of the spherical piston. For a detonation, a predictive model of compressed balloon based on the data of the density and the specific internal energy has been developed and validated in far-field range using comparison with experimental tests. Its use has helped highlight the assets and limits of numerical simulation in order to reproduce the loading induced by a detonation
Felis-Carrasco, Francisco. "Atomisation et dispersion d'un jet liquide : approches numérique et expérimentale". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECDM0001/document.
Texto completoA typical water round-nozzle jet for agricultural applications is presented in this study. The dispersion of a liquid for irrigation or pesticides spraying is a key subject to both reduce water consumption and air pollution. A simplified study case is constructed to tackle both scenarios, where a round dn=1.2 mm nozzle of a length Ln=50dn is considered. The injection velocity is chosen to be UJ=35 m/s, aligned with gravity, placing the liquid jet in a turbulent atomization regime. The flow is considered statistically axisymmetric. Experimental and numerical approaches are considered.An Eulerian mixture multiphase model describes the original two-phase flow. Several U-RANS turbulence models are used: k-ε and RSM; where special attention is taken to the modelling of variable density effects from the mixture formulation. A custom numerical solver is implemented using the OpenFOAM CFD code. A series of study cases are constructed to test the influence of the turbulence modeling and first/second-order closures of the turbulent mass fluxes. LDV and DTV optical techniques are used to gather statistical information from both the liquid and the gas phases of the spray. The experimental campaign is carried out from x/dn=0 to x/dn=800. Concerning the LDV, small (~1 µm) olive-oil tracers are used to capture the gas phase, where a distinction between the liquid droplets and tracers is achieved by a specific set-up of the laser power source and the burst Doppler setting (BP-Filter and SNR). On the dispersed zone, DTV measurements are carried out to measure velocities and sizes of droplets. Special attention to the depth-of-field (DOF) estimation is taken in order to obtain a less biased droplet’s size-velocity correlation.Numerical and experimental results show good agreement on the mean velocity field. A strong dependence on the turbulence model is found. However, the RSM does not capture the same behaviour on the calculated Reynolds stresses. Indeed, neither the experimental anisotropy (R22/R11≈0.05), nor the liquid-gas slip-velocity can be reproduced, even with a second-order closure for the turbulent mass fluxes. The strong density ratio (water/air), flow’s directionality and production of turbulent kinetic energy may be the cause of a weak dispersion and mixing between the two fluids. This mechanism is not yet clarified from a RSM modeling point-of-view
Remy, Benoit. "Caractéristiques d'une butée de turbocompresseur : Approches numérique et expérimentale". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0125.
Texto completoWith increasing focus on downsizing, high performances, low fuel consumption and emission reduction of modern vehicles, turbochargers of combustion engines have become more and more innovative and technological. Leader in this field, Honeywell Turbo Technologies is interested in two major lines of research regarding lubricated contacts. A delay in response time is frequently observed between the gas pedal push and the pressure rise of ambient air at the compressor wheel. It is called turbo lag. This phenomenon is mainly induced by a parasitic frictional torque existing in the thrust bearing contact. Penalizing turbochargers performances and drivability, the reduction of turbo lag constitutes a major concern for the automotive turbocharger industry. As an event constantly occurring on working engines, exhaust gas pulsations represent an essential line of research. Due to successive openings and closings of engine valves, these pulsations result in significant axial load variations applied to the turbocharger thrust bearing. Current sizing of thrust bearing design resting on steady state studies of critical on-engine cases, the influence of exhaust gas pulsations on the thrust bearing behavior needs to be determined. This thesis presents a thermohydrodynamic model of the thrust bearing contact applied to turbochargers. A Modified Reynolds equation is established and uses the Modified Phan-Thien and Tanner model. It connects rheological characteristics of current engine oils to the behavior of long polymeric chain additives they contain. The necessity for fluid inertia and oil recirculation to be considered is demonstrated. The influence of oil elasticity on energy dissipation within the contact is numerically analyzed. A compromise on the extent of oil elasticity can lead to a turbo lag reduction. In addition, a thrust bearing rig is developed to highlight the influence of exhaust gas pulsations on thrust bearing performances. Experimental results support dynamic effects predicted by simulations
Tran, Dinh Cuong. "Interaction rupture-flambage, le cas du "splitting" de tube métallique : approche expérimentale et numérique". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825603.
Texto completoKoscher, Matthieu. "Etude de l' extrusion monovis de mélanges d' élastomères : Approche expérimentale et simulation numérique". Paris, ENMP, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENMP1109.
Texto completoSaunier, Sébastien. "Influence d'un gradient thermique sur le frittage d'alumines : approche expérimentale, modélisation et simulation numérique". Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EMSE0004.
Texto completoWith the development of the new sintering processes, thermal cycles become more and more shorter. Such thermal cycles lead to thermal gradients development into the sample. Then, a question can be asked : What are the consequences of these gradients on material sinterability. Within this framework, this study aims to bring a better understanding of the temperature gradient effects on alumina sintering. For that, a furnace was developed. Thanks to this furnace, the effects of a thermal gradient have been investigated independently of a fast heating rate. Comparisons were performed between sintering with and without thermal gradient (for the same heating rate and same annealing period). Experimental results showed that a thermal gradient applied in the initial stage of sintering conducts to a delay of the specific surface area drop and finally to an increase of densification. Moreover, it was shown that a thermal gradient applied at the beginning of sintering can modify the impurities' mobility. If the gradient is applied during the intermediary and final stage of sintering, it leads to important changes in the characteristics of the final material : an increase of densification and a reduction of the average particle size occur simultaneously. These results were correlated with the development of internal stresses in the material. From these considerations and characteristics of the studied powders, a model of sintering was developed using bingham-like constitutive equations. The simulations carried out starting from this model showed, contrary to the model classically used to describe sintering (newtonian model), a good adequacy with the experimental results
Benremita, Hocine. "Approche expérimentale et simulation numérique du transfert de solvants chlorés en aquifère alluvial contrôlé". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2002/BENREMITA_Hocine_2002.pdf.
Texto completoWith the objective of the better understanding of the complex mechanisms of groundwater pollution by chlorinated solvents, it is essential to apprehend the physico-chemical processes of mass transfer between phases and the exchange phenomena between the various compartments of the subsurface medium and atmosphere. Experiments were undertaken on controlled experimental platform SCERES with dimensions 25m1́2m3́m reconstituting an alluvial aquifer. It is observed that the development and the distribution of the chlorinated solvent vapor plume are strongly influenced by the temperature, density-induced advection and mass flux towards the atmosphere. This pollution by the vapor can cause a significant contamination of the water table by vertical dispersion through the capillary fringe, and a more intense contamination by vapor leaching with flux of several tens times more significant. Validation of multiphase model SIMUSCOPP on the basis of the results of these experiments allowed, on one hand, to test the model under which condition it is capable of reproducing the observed concentrations and, on the other hand, to show the potentials as well as the limits of numerical modeling
Vega, Guillaume. "Optimisation de la mise en forme par tréfilage : approche expérimentale, modélisation et simulation numérique". Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10173/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis work is to optimize the process of forming by wiredrawing, using an experimental approach, an analytical modeling and a numerical simulation by finite elements. This study is to analyze the mechanisms of deformation and damage, being involved in this process, which is a multi complex physical problem. This complexity is reflected by the influence of many intrinsic and extrinsic parameters on the properties of materials drawability. A parametric analysis of the drawing process has shown that different parameters and their mutual interactions have significant effects on the drawing stress during the plastic deformation process, taking into account the tool geometry and the hardening of the drawn material. The effects of temperature in the die and the strain rate on the coefficient of friction at the interface wire-die have been taken into account in the analytical formulations. The numerical simulation of a copper wiredrawing was done based on modeling using a behavior law for material taking account the hardening and the strain rate dependence, and validated by experimental results. Contact problems, the thermo mechanical effects were taken into account in these calculations. A coupled damage model based on an energy criterion is used to predict the location and the shape of defects in a wire deformed by critical conditions of drawing. The results have validated using experimental data and microscopie observations of damage in the central part of the wire and the die wear
Qi, Bing. "Influence de l'endommagement sur les propriétés d'élasticité de matériaux modèles : approche numérique et expérimentale". Limoges, 2009. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/a2376b23-0b15-49bd-af65-42a34ea63047/blobholder:0/2009LIMO4045.pdf.
Texto completoThe subject of the thesis is to study the damage of heterogeneous model materials. In the experimental part, different biphased model materials have been fabricated. Damage occurs in these materials due to differential thermal expansion between the phases. The evolution of Young's modulus of these materials during a thermal cycle E=f(T) has been measured by ultrasonic technique, which shows also the evolution of damage in materials. In the numerical part, the simulation of the damage evolution has been carried out using the finite element code ABAQUS. Two methods have been used and compared for modelling cracks opening and closure. Different numerical models including single- and multi-inclusions with specific boundary conditions have also been developed. The numerical results have provided a fairly good correlation towards the experimental results
Batiot, Benjamin. "Etude expérimentale et numérique de la décomposition thermique du bois résineux". Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ESMA0009/document.
Texto completoFires are complex and a variety of phenomena are involved. In order to study them, the up-scaling approach separates all the processes.Among them, the solid thermal decomposition has an important role to play. Source term, it reflects the amount, rate and nature of volatile compounds emitted and its numerical description is essential. The models used currently are formed by a law of variable speed (the Arrhenius law) coupled with a conversion function of mass for each species and a kinetic mechanism organizing all reactions between them. However, this model is based on the theories used in the gas phase and serious doubts might be raised with regard to the representativeness for application in the condensed phase.The thesis works exposed in this report are focused on the model development departing from the reactions and the processes the more fundamental in the condensed phase in order to permit the simulation of the solid kinetic decomposition. The second aspect concerns the study of this model to determine the resolution and the optimization method the most appropriate, the role of each parameter, the possible compensation mechanisms and the uniqueness of the solution.Finally, the entire process is applied to a complex material, the wood. The results obtained from a new approach developed in this work, show a significant improvement of the model to the physical and chemical aspects of the thermal degradation of solid materials
Alikouss, Saïda. "Contribution a l'étude des fluides crustaux : approche expérimentale et analytique". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL055N.
Texto completoDoumongue, Mba Beaugrain. "Approche expérimentale et numérique pour l'efficacité énergétique et le confort des bâtiments à matériaux biosourcés au Togo". Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS049.
Texto completoThe global issues, related to climate change have led to the rise in power worldwide, work related to sustainable building, to raise the capacity of the sector, essential consumer of energy, to reduce greenhouse gases. Our work is one of those, because it contributes through several components, to improve the energy performance of buildings with bio-based materials. Indeed, our work addresses at the same time, a series of characterizations of physical, thermal and hydric order, aiming at improving the knowledge on the rice husks and the concrete of rice husks; multi-scale experiments (microscopic, wall element, scale model, scale 1) and numerical simulations driven by the TRNSYS tool, the realization of a structural and economic comparison of cells with different materials, the explicitation of the economic gains related to the use of rice husk concrete refined on the case of a high-rise building, the analysis of the life cycle of a scale cell and the realization of a study of the socio-economic impact of the high-rise building mentioned above. In the framework of these works, partly carried out in Lomé and partly in La Rochelle, we carried out, as characterizations, an exploration of the microscopic environment of rice husks and rice husk concrete with the help of the scanning electron microscope, followed by the determination of thermal conductivity, specific heat, sorption isotherms and water vapor permeability. Based on these results, which are essential for the analysis of the behavior of the studied materials, we set up a bizone experiment aiming to stress a wall element separating two conditioned environments to stimulate heat transfer; then we moved on to scale models comparing 5 cells with various envelopes, including bulk rice husks and rice husk concrete, identically exposed to external climatic conditions. From there, a human-scale cell was put into experimentation with monitoring of temperature and humidity parameters. This experimental phase was validated by a numerical model built on TRNSYS. To this we associated an economic analysis in connection with the structural benefits related to the lightness of the biosourced material, aiming at determining the percentage of the economic gains which are added to the benefits in terms of comfort. This being the case, and in the interest of following the economic logic, an environmental point of view was undertaken with an LCA on Elodie on a fictitious cell model located in La Rochelle, which was extended with a social impact study, in order to mobilize in our work all the votes of sustainable development
Bianco, Rohan-Jean. "Biomécanique de l'ancrage de vis pédiculaires pour l'instrumentation du rachis : une approche numérique et expérimentale". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4119/document.
Texto completoThe pedicle screws are widely used for instrumentation and correction of the spine. The general objective of this doctoral project is to investigate the influence of surgical choice and morphological changes in the vertebrae on the biomechanical anchorage of pedicle screws. A combined approach using a detailed numerical model to simulate the screw-vertebrae interaction and the acquisition of necessary experimental data to validate the numerical tool was chosen. This doctoral project proposes an original and innovative finite element model taking into account the contact interface between the bone structures and an elastoplastic behavior with bone fracture modeling to describe the biomechanics of the screw / vertebra interaction. In addition, this project also propose a protocol and a method of analysis for the study pedicle screws in non-axial loads. The knowledge developed during this doctoral project have provided practical recommendations for clinicians and developers of biomedical implants, both on future choices of design pedicle screws that screw choice and placement to obtain better anchoring. In the long term, the model could be adapted to further analyze the specific characteristics of the patient and be used as a virtual training or a preoperative planning tool
Mesbahi, Amine. "Effets hydrodynamiques dans un réacteur à plasma de croissance de diamant : approche numérique et expérimentale". Paris 13, 2013. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/edgalilee_th_2013_mesbahi.pdf.
Texto completoIn moderate pressure/low flow-rate diamond deposition plasma modeling, hydrodynamics effects are not taken into account. As a matter of fact, under these conditions, transport of the reactive species is mainly controlled by diffusion. However, when working at very high power density (high pressure and microwave power) and flow rates higher than 500 sccm, growth rate has been seen to be a function of the gas inlet and outlet set-up. In the context of this PhD, we have developed both a 2D axi-symmetrical and a full 3D models able to describe the hydrodynamic flow in PECVD (Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) diamond reactors. Due to the complexity for developing a complete plasma model, we have strongly simplified the plasma description. On the one hand, a thermal source term able to simulate the plasma gas temperature spatial distribution has been defined, and on the other hand, the chemical kinetics scheme has been somewhat reduced. Comparisons between the results obtained by this new model with those provided by LSPM’s existing plasma models and the experimental results allowed us to validate our approach. The model correctly reproduces the thermochemical processes behavior. On this basis, new configurations for the gas inlet and outlet set-up using 3D simulations were conducted. Some were seen to be relevant for improving the diamond deposition process
Temin, Gendron Pascale. "Approche numérique du comportement homogénéisé des composites à matrice métallique et renforts continus : validation expérimentale". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ECAP0163.
Texto completoEl, Oufir Zineb. "Adsorption de phénol en milieu aqueux sur carbone adsorbant nanoporeux : approche expérimentale et simulation numérique". Thesis, Orléans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ORLE3063.
Texto completoAdsorption on disordered nanoporous carbons (activated carbons) is known as the most interesting techniques in dealing with water treatment. The complexity of the adsorption process in an aqueous medium is due to the many parameters which govern the adsorbent-adsorbate and adsorbate-adsorbate interactions. A study combining the experiments and molecular simulations is proposed to study the role of parameters like the conductivity of carbon surface, morphology, and topology of the porous network, presence of surface groups, and selectivity in an aqueous medium. The study targets the adsorption of phenol in aqueous solution on an activated carbon cloth. The adsorption properties of phenol on the activated carbon have been studied experimentally by tracing the adsorption isotherms (UV spectroscopy) and characterizing the chemical composition (CHONS analysis and programmed thermoresorption), atomic structure (X-ray diffraction) and microporous texture (N2 / CO2 adsorption and SAXS). A comparative study has been conducted on the adsorption of caffeine, to highlight the role of the size and chemical functions of the adsorbate.By using HRMC, different atomic structures of activated carbon have been constructed based on experimental data (analysis elementary, structure factor/radial distribution function, and pore volume data). Two force fields have been applied and compared, i.e. EDIP and Erhart-Albe. The constructed models have been numerically characterized (specific surface, pore size distribution, number of rings per atom histogram, structure factor, radial distribution function), and compared to the experiments.The atomic structure has been applied as an adsorbent to simulate the adsorption of phenol/water binary mixture by the Grand Canonique Monte Carlo method (GCMC). To reduce calculation times, parallel codes have been developed and implemented using MPI C++. The originality of the method also lies in taking into account the carbon surface conductivity using the CSM method (Charge Simulation Method). The results of numerical simulations are discussed and compared to experimental data
Bernaud, Denise. "Tunnels profonds dans les milieux viscoplastiques : approches expérimentale et numérique". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529719.
Texto completoBaïotto, Sébastien. "Modèle viscoélastique de remodelage osseux : approches théorique, numérique et expérimentale". Paris 12, 2004. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002140450204611&vid=upec.
Texto completoIn this work. We propose a bone remodeling model, which takes into account the trabecular hone viscoelastic properties and the osteocyte cells distribution, The mechanical behavior of the material is described with a Zener's law. The model stability is studied and the non linear equations governing the apparent bone density evolution are solved by a finite difference method in the case of a n-unit elements model. The presented numerical resuits show the influence of the viscous damping on the bone adaptation under controlled mechanical load. Furthermore, finite element simulations froin experirnental data, obtained from rat tibias and a human femoral head, indicate that the model can mimic hone evolution observed in vivo
Duthil, Patxi. "Etude du pompage de chaleur thermoacoustique : approches numérique et expérimentale". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066103.
Texto completoLetty, Camille. "Etude d'une flamme en V diphasique : Approches expérimentale et numérique". Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUES036.
Texto completoThis work deals with V-shaped two-phase flames stabilised in a pseudo-laminar or moderated turbulent flow. Some gaseous fuel is also injected to help turbulent flames stabilisation. An experimental approach and a numerical approach (Direct Numerical Simulation) are conducted simultaneously. The same tools are used for post-processing of experimental and numerical data. The flow is experimentally charaterised in term of droplet size distribution (Malvern), turbulent properties (PIV), qualitative fuel repartition (PLIF on acetone) and droplet temperature distribution (rainbow refractometry). The gaseous flow is numerically defined by Navier-Stokes equations in an eulerian framework. Two-way coupling is use to determine interaction of gaseous and liquid phases. A lagrangian solver is used for the dispersed phase. Chemical kinetics is derived from complex chemistry results computed with Chemkin (San Diego mechanism for n-heptane with acetone oxydation reactions). Flame front is artificially thickened (Flame thickness factor and efficiency function). This enables reduction of the mesh size which is time saving. Mean geometrical and local properties of the flame front are determined: morphology, flame angle, progress variable, flame brush evolution, curvature and strain rate. The mean flame angle is used to ajust DNS parameters. The evolution of the droplets mean temperature is presented for different turbulent conditions and from experimental and numerical approaches. DNS fields are used to develop a calculation method of strain rate from experimental data following tensorial method
Guérin, Nicolas. "Analyse thermomécanique du contact aube-stator : approches numérique et expérimentale". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEC043.
Texto completoThe constant need for efficiency and lightweightness of aeroengines demands OEM continued efforts to open design domain. In particular, operations clearances between static and rotating parts of modern engines become narrower, leading to better efficiencies. However, lighter components generally have lower stiffnesses, causing a growth in dynamic phenomena participation in the engines life-cycle. Mutli-physics coupling effects are aggravated in the same manner, whether they are of thermomechanical or aeroelastic nature. In this context, it is therefore crucial to improve design tools so as to predict more accurately the operational conditions of the engine components, with a general objective to cut down development and operational costs, while ensuring engine reliability and passenger safety. This thesis closely follows previous work on blade–casing contacts, all aimed at modelling more accurately the underlying more and more complex phenomena and structures. The main objective of this work has been to introduce a model for the thermal phenomena occurring during contacts at the interface between rotating and static parts, based on industrial geometries of components, which are set in a test rig. Due to the sophistication of the parts, the addition of these phenomena in the model had to be performed while paying attention to high simulation constraints. In other words, a trade-off had to be found between speed and precision of the computations. Finally a correlation phase was to be performed between simulations and experimental trials was to be performed to assess the relevance of the proposed numerical tools. During this thesis, a modification and a new instrumentation of the CASTOR test rig were performed. Multiple contact trials were carried out, during which vibratory and thermal behavior of the components were measured. In parallel to these experimental operations, multiple numerical developments were tackled. Among them, a model reduction methodology of thermoelastic models of turbo-engine centrifugal compressors was developed. Also, multiple time-stepping procedures, originally dedicated to solve contact problems in a purely mechanical context, we extended to perform thermomechanical computations. Several complications were removed taking advantage of advanced methods stemming from the non-smooth dynamics community. Eventually, simulations were performed with diverse setups to both show the capabilities of the numerical tool as well as confront numerical results and experimental observations
Parant, Paul. "Compaction de microsphères poreuses d'oxyde de lanthanides : approche expérimentale et simulations numériques". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI086/document.
Texto completoOne option envisioned for the future management of high level nuclear waste is the transmutation of minor actinides into short-lived fission products in sodium fast reactor. This route requires the development of pellet fabrication processes to prepare Minor Actinide Bearing Blanket (MABB) for the transmutation of americium.Currently, those ceramic pellets are produced by powder metallurgy processes involving numerous grinding and milling steps that generate very fine and highly contaminating and irradiating particles. A viable option for reducing the amount of those fine particles would be to develop a dustless process by working on much coarser particles. In this context, this study is concerned with the pelletization of porous and spherical lanthanides oxide precursors (surrogates of actinides). The present work uses both experimental data and numerical simulations to optimize the pelletization step. The final aim is to obtain, after sintering, homogeneous, dense and undistorted ceramic pellets.Firstly, this study concerns the synthesis and characterisation of these oxide microspheres precursors by the Weak Acid Resin process, which consists in loading beads of ion exchange resin with lanthanides cations and mineralizing the metal loaded resin leads into sub-millimetric-sized oxide microspheres. Comprehensive characterisations of the microstructure and mechanical properties of oxide microspheres have been carried out to better understand their behaviour into the matrix when producing pellets.Secondly, the mechanical properties of a single microsphere were investigated in order to better understand its behaviour during compaction steps. They were also analysed using multi-scale simulations based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM), which is well suited for such particulate materials. In a second approach, compaction studies were carried out in a three parts die to characterize the mechanical behaviour under pressure of a large number of oxide precursors. The behaviour of several microspheres in the matrix was finally simulated using DEM in order to describe interactions between microspheres and to have a better understanding of their evolution during pressing
Valiorgue, Frederic. "Simulation des processus de génération de contraintes résiduelles en tournage du 316L.Nouvelle approche numérique et expérimentale". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00359196.
Texto completoCaussanel-Laurent, Odile. "Agitation industrielle de fluides visqueux newtoniens et pseudoplastiques : approches expérimentale et numérique". Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT008G.
Texto completoFernandez, Charles. "Modélisation et validation expérimentale des complexes insonorisants pour la prévision vibroacoustique numérique basse et moyenne fréquences des automobiles". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00470535.
Texto completoPaisant, Jean-Francois. "Modélisation numérique et validation expérimentale de l'hydrodynamique d'une émulsion dans une colonne d'extraction". Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066453/document.
Texto completoIn the core of spent fuel reprocessing operations, the pulsed columns with packing are the liquid-liquid extraction apparati mainly used. The context of economical competiveness and scarce resources, industrials are driven to improve the efficiency of these processes. Pulsed column efficiency is bound to the amount of available exchange surface, which depends on geometrical parameters of the column and the operating conditions. A better design would improve the efficiency. In this aim the knowledge of the interphase slip velocity is necessary. The work presented in this thesis revolves around physical and numerical modelling of the hydrodynamics of the emulsion and its experimental characterization.In this work, a eulerian approach, based on the work of D.Lhuillier, allows to obtain a two-fluid model coupled with an evolution equation of the exchange surface (interfacial area). We use finite elements method to solve this model along with CAST3M software. Numerical simulations have shown the model abilities to correctly reproduce the emulsion behaviour and to obtain the slip velocity.In order to experimentally validate the model, we carried out two types of experimentation. Particles images velocimetry coupled to laser induced fluorescence are involved to obtain velocities of each phases and the dispersed phase volume fraction. We developed a tracking algorithm to obtain the dispersed phase velocity and the hold up. These results, such as velocities and strain rate tensor, have been used in a first validation of the model
Robe, Hugo. "Apports à la compréhension du soudage FSW hétérogène d’alliages d’aluminium par une approche expérimentale et numérique". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEE005/document.
Texto completoThe lightweight structures optimisation is one of the main topics in transportation industry. It can be achieved by optimisation of materials as well as induced assembly process. As a solid-state process, Friction Stir Welding (FSW) allows to produce dissimilar materials joining while avoiding fusion defects. This work focused on the dissimilar welding of aluminium alloys from 2xxx (Al-Cu-Mg-Ag) and 7xxx (Al-Zn-Mg) series in an industrial context. Joints characterizations were conducted at multiple scales to understand parameters impact on material flow, joint morphology, and performances. They have shown large heterogeneities in the microstructure as well as the global and local mechanical behaviour. Whatever the welding parameters used, good mechanical performance has been reached. A specific softened zone has been detected in the 7xxx alloy’s HAZ which caused fracture during transverse tensile test. Significant metallurgical evolution induced by thermal cycles mainly explains these phenomena.On the other hand, simulation works were also conducted to simulate the welding process in similar material configuration. The finite elements model integrates, for the first time, the real and complex tool design (thread, flats…). Complex geometry can be used by coupling with a specific moving mesh technique. This numerical development completely overcomes the consequent mesh distortion often encountered in FSW simulation. The current model presents good sensitivity and robustness for several welding conditions and materials. It also demonstrates an excellent correlation between experimental and numerical thermal fields while revealing the predictive aspect of the model
Korakas, Alexios. "Approche numérique et expérimentale de la propagation sonore en environnements océaniques tridimensionnels : application aux problèmes inverses". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00514915.
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