Tesis sobre el tema "Apprentissage en contexte"
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Déguernel, Ken. "Apprentissage de structures musicales en contexte d'improvisation". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0011/document.
Texto completoCurrent musical improvisation systems are able to generate unidimensional musical sequences by recombining their musical contents. However, considering several dimensions (melody, harmony...) and several temporal levels are difficult issues. In this thesis, we propose to combine probabilistic approaches with formal language theory in order to better assess the complexity of a musical discourse, both from a multidimensional and multi-level point of view in the context of improvisation where the amount of data is limited. First, we present a system able to follow the contextual logic of an improvisation modelled by a factor oracle whilst enriching its musical discourse with multidimensional knowledge represented by interpolated probabilistic models. Then, this work is extended to create another system using a belief propagation algorithm representing the interaction between several musicians, or between several dimensions, in order to generate multidimensional improvisations. Finally, we propose a system able to improvise on a temporal scenario with multi-level information modelled with a hierarchical grammar. We also propose a learning method for the automatic analysis of hierarchical temporal structures. Every system is evaluated by professional musicians and improvisers during listening sessions
Déguernel, Ken. "Apprentissage de structures musicales en contexte d'improvisation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0011.
Texto completoCurrent musical improvisation systems are able to generate unidimensional musical sequences by recombining their musical contents. However, considering several dimensions (melody, harmony...) and several temporal levels are difficult issues. In this thesis, we propose to combine probabilistic approaches with formal language theory in order to better assess the complexity of a musical discourse, both from a multidimensional and multi-level point of view in the context of improvisation where the amount of data is limited. First, we present a system able to follow the contextual logic of an improvisation modelled by a factor oracle whilst enriching its musical discourse with multidimensional knowledge represented by interpolated probabilistic models. Then, this work is extended to create another system using a belief propagation algorithm representing the interaction between several musicians, or between several dimensions, in order to generate multidimensional improvisations. Finally, we propose a system able to improvise on a temporal scenario with multi-level information modelled with a hierarchical grammar. We also propose a learning method for the automatic analysis of hierarchical temporal structures. Every system is evaluated by professional musicians and improvisers during listening sessions
Sofyani, Mohammed al. "Apprentissage des langues et communication interculturelle en contexte militaire". Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030105.
Texto completoSantiago, Massamuna Ndoma. "Apprentissage du français langue étrangère en contexte angolais : analyse d'erreurs". La Réunion, 2009. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/09_19_Santiago.pdf.
Texto completoThe aim of this study is to point out the specific dificulties of angolan learnes confronted with learning French as a Foreign language and to report the findings in a sociocognitive context. To reach this aim, we studied written works of 223 learners who are in angolan secondary school. To further supplement our study, we dedicated a part of our fact finding to questionnaires since it was, for us, a means of obtaining the opinions of both Angolan learners and teachers concerning the teaching of French as a Foreign Language, the conditions under which it was taught and about its reception. Since we did not wish to confine our findings to the questionnaires we analysed both the text book used in the secondary schools and also the teaching practices within the classroom. Finally, we presented new perspectives and concrete methological propositions applicable to teaching/learning French as a foreign language in Angola. Beyond this thesis, we wish that this research will be the basis of further studies, and that it will contrubute, throught the ability, even relative of the languages, to a better understanding between people themselves, or between the ones of countries, ethnic groups, nations. .
Molaie, Sayena. "Apprentissage de l’anglais en contexte universitaire : motivation, créativité et rétention". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAL038/document.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on language teaching from the perspective of Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences. The level of success of a student is not only influenced by the way in which instruction is delivered, but also by a set of correlations that influence each individual, be that by an immediate or a non-immediate environment. The human capacity to react appropriately to this set of correlations is what constitutes the modern definition of intelligence (Barrington 2007: 423), and more specifically, the theory of multiple intelligences. The thesis hypothesis questions whether a multiple intelligence approach has a positive effect on language learning.To confirm or not this hypothesis, we evaluated various sets of activities based on multiple intelligences. We first conducted a survey of LANSAD teachers on their class practices. Then, we asked teachers in Scientific English to set up these activities in their own classes in order to have a subjective view. Finally, we also carried out a specific investigation on motivation among ESP students.This thesis is divided into three main sections. The first section deals with the correlation between multiple intelligences and language sustainability in English. The second examines the correlation between multiple intelligences and creativity. The last section discusses the relationship between multiple intelligences and motivation in students. The conclusions offer some suggestions for teaching and learning English for specific purposes
Zaidenberg, Sofia. "Apprentissage par renforcement de modèles de contexte pour l'informatique ambiante". Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0088.
Texto completoThis thesis studies the automatic acquisition by machine learning of a context model for a user in a ubiquitous environment. In such an environment, devices can communicate and cooperate in order to create a consistent computerized space. Some devices possess perceptual capabilities. The environment uses them to detect the user's situation his context. Other devices are able to execute actions. Our problematics consists in determining the optimal associations, for a given user, between situations and actions. Machine learning seems to be a sound approach since it results in a customized environment without requiring an explicit specification from the user. A life long learning lets the environment adapt itself continuously to world changes and user preferences changes. Reinforcement learning can be a solution to this problem, as long as it is adapted to some particular constraints due to our application setting
Gruber, Jost Sylvie. "L'autoévaluation des compétences en contexte : l'intime au service d'un apprentissage expansif". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG014/document.
Texto completoSelf-evaluation involves making a value judgement of oneself. It also involves accepting to reveal something about oneself, but to whom ? If another person, such as a teacher, a parent or friend, is a necessary part of the process, it is vital to wonder about his or her role and his or her view. This relation calls into question the idea of transmission in educational experience (Vieille-Grosjean, 2009). If the goal of the teacher is to make a child competent (Reboul, 1980), what is the goal of the child who learns at school ? This empirical study examines the practice of skill self-evaluation among primary school students. The practice of self-evaluation, if situated in the area of pedagogy, creates a meeting space between the teacher, the student and knowledge. It reveals the expectations of some and the perceptions of others, and allows the student to work toward expansive learning (Holzkamp, 1993). The child can, by becoming aware of his/her responsibility, move from being a person who is being evaluated to a person who is learning
Molet, Mikaël Leconte-Lambert Claire. "Temps, saillance et contexte une approche cognitive de l'apprentissage /". Lille : A.N.R.T, 2006. http://documents.univ-lille3.fr/files/pub/www/recherche/theses/MOLLET_MICKAEL.pdf.
Texto completoGoujon, Annabelle. "Apprentissage implicite de régularités contextuelles au cours de l'analyse de scènes visuelles". Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX10099.
Texto completoBéji, Ferjani Jihène. "Construction d'une compétence plurilingue dans l'enseignement/apprentissage de l'écrit en contexte scolaire tunisien". Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030061.
Texto completoIn a plurilingual situation, contact between languages facilitates certain practices of interlinguistic relations. These interactions can be sollicited according to a methodological perspective which recognizes their role in the development of writing for the construction of a plurilingual competence. Our research aims at investigating how plurilinguism contributes to the construction of this competence. Our two research hypotheses, transversality and diversification, suggest interactional, analogical and contrastive, links within the learning process and they correspond to the two caracteristics of the plurilingual competence : global and heterogeneous. Diachronic and transversal studies which we have undertaken in the Tunisian scholar system showed evidence of the interaction between the four languages in contact in the Tunisian school : Arabic, Dialect, French and English
Gazaille, Mariane. "Contexte multimédia et motivation étudiante en apprentissage de l'anglais langue seconde au collégial /". Thèse, Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2001. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/03-2231559R.html.
Texto completoGazaille, Mariane. "Contexte multimédia et motivation étudiante en apprentissage de l'anglais langue seconde au collégial". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2001. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/2729/1/000682933.pdf.
Texto completoClanet, Joël. "Contribution à l'intelligibilité du système "enseignement-apprentissage". Stabilisations du système et interactions en contexte". Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20061.
Texto completoWith prescriptive aims, our study of the intelligibility of teaching/learning (t/l) situations was carried out using linear causality modelisation programs. The process-product model is the best known and most used one. More elaborate models - the process-mediator model or others referring to cybernetic or systemic paradigms-are still based on the principle of a correspondance between school results and one or several dimensions which would account for them. By confronting various models to empirical studies, we have been able to appreciate their qualities and their limits. T/l situations, self organized and self built in (inter) action and in relation to a given context cannot be considered as elaborate systems but as complex ones. Modelisation was required to take this complexity into account. We created one, using a systemic approach. One of the aspects of this modelisation concerns the configuration of the interplay between the various elements which constitute the building of the system. By confronting our systemic model to empirical study, we were hoping to construct a new signifiance in relation to t/l situations. The methodology used (asending hierarchical classifications) enabled us to study the agregation configurations corresponding to differnt levels of study of the system. We noted the perenniality of some configurations. The latter appear therefore not the be mere result of chance. This perenniality may allow the possibility of an underlying stable structure. This one is swept away by the addition to the model of the dimensions of interaction in class. The power of organization of the variables of interaction asserts itself and brings a perenniality of configurations ; this perenniality is less important without them. The interactive movement brings stability. Depending on the closingof the t/l system, the configurations are separate. They give an account of the processes inscribed in a given contextualising and in-context dynamic procedure
Chaumon, Maximilien. "Apprentissage implicite du contexte visuel et guidage de la perception : Expériences MEG et EEG intracrânien". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00310152.
Texto completoNous proposons que l'activité gamma permet la création et l'affûtage d'une représentation neuronale par des mécanismes de plasticité dépendante de la synchronie des potentiels d'action (spike timing dependent plasticity, STDP). Cette représentation une fois créée serait activée très rapidement pour biaiser le traitement cérébral, permettant la prise en compte de l'expérience vécue dès les étapes précoces du traitement sensoriel.
Reyes, Avendaño Claudia Gabriela. "Enseignement et apprentissage des fonctions numériques dans un contexte de modélisation et de travail mathématique". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7072.
Texto completoThe main objective of this research work is to know to what extent the mathematical modeling of movement phenomena influences the development and significance of the notion of function. In this sense, throughout the six chapters of this thesis, we have treated the domain of kinematics as a kind of intersection between physics and mathematics. The objective was to approach the notion of function through modeling cycles of motion phenomena, which led students not only to the notions of curve, function, parametric equations and derivative, but also to the concepts of distance, trajectory, tangential velocity, angular velocity, acceleration, centripetal acceleration and frames of reference. By means of Tracker (software for the analysis of motion videos) and GeoGebra, approaching the notion of function in this way triggered not only a transition between different function registers of semiotic representation (Duval, 1999), but also a series of cognitive processes that we analyzed with the theoretical methodological framework Kinematic Working Space (KWS), an extension of the framework Mathematical Working Space (Kuzniak et al., 2016a), which we developed in this thesis to characterize the work done by the students. To achieve the main objective of this research, we designed 4 modeling activities (URM, RUAM, UCM and the combination of an URM+UCM), for students in their last year of high school interestedin studying a scientific or engineering career, using the ETC, the modeling cycle (Blum et Leiss, 2007) and the registers of semiotic representation. The work carried out by the students was characterized by observing the evolution of the notion of function through the registers of semiotic representation and the cognitive processes triggered (KWS) during the modeling cycles. In summary, this work shows the coordination of different theoretical entities (modeling cycles, representation registers and the KWS) in the characterization of the work done by students when carrying out modeling processes of movement phenomena concerning the mathematical object, function
Albardan, Mahmoud. "Combinaison robuste à la dépendance entre classifieurs dans un contexte d’apprentissage décentralisé". Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I050/document.
Texto completoMachine learning is a rapidly growing field of science concerning both the number of methods used and the amount of data available for users. Classification is thus affected by these changes. The presence of a large number of classification algorithms thus encourages the creation of global systems that are based on classifier ensembles, in the purpose of providing efficient solutions to complex classification problems. This is the main motivation behind our thesis whose subject is the study of multi-classifiers systems. A multi-classifiers system is a set of classifiers whose decisions is aggregated according to a specific architecture and using a combination rule. There are different types architectures such as parallel, sequential or hybrid architectures. In this thesis, we are only interested in classifier ensembles having a parallel architecture. Briefly, the purpose of my research is then the design of multi-classifiers systems to improve classification performance and to offer certain level of robustness. However, the design of such systems, that can be seen as a fusion of different sources of information and which will be trained on correlated learning examples, generates dependence in the individual decisions of classifiers and consequently impose the creation of classifier ensembles that are adapted to dependency between individual classifiers. Thus, we propose two approaches that are the main contributions of this thesis. The first one is a possibilistic approach based on a well-known combination rule in fuzzy logic, the t-norm, while the second is a probabilistic approach based on a copula function which are models of dependence between random variables
Bawden, Rachel. "Going beyond the sentence : Contextual Machine Translation of Dialogue". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS524/document.
Texto completoWhile huge progress has been made in machine translation (MT) in recent years, the majority of MT systems still rely on the assumption that sentences can be translated in isolation. The result is that these MT models only have access to context within the current sentence; context from other sentences in the same text and information relevant to the scenario in which they are produced remain out of reach. The aim of contextual MT is to overcome this limitation by providing ways of integrating extra-sentential context into the translation process. Context, concerning the other sentences in the text (linguistic context) and the scenario in which the text is produced (extra-linguistic context), is important for a variety of cases, such as discourse-level and other referential phenomena. Successfully taking context into account in translation is challenging. Evaluating such strategies on their capacity to exploit context is also a challenge, standard evaluation metrics being inadequate and even misleading when it comes to assessing such improvement in contextual MT. In this thesis, we propose a range of strategies to integrate both extra-linguistic and linguistic context into the translation process. We accompany our experiments with specifically designed evaluation methods, including new test sets and corpora. Our contextual strategies include pre-processing strategies designed to disambiguate the data on which MT models are trained, post-processing strategies to integrate context by post-editing MT outputs and strategies in which context is exploited during translation proper. We cover a range of different context-dependent phenomena, including anaphoric pronoun translation, lexical disambiguation, lexical cohesion and adaptation to properties of the scenario such as speaker gender and age. Our experiments for both phrase-based statistical MT and neural MT are applied in particular to the translation of English to French and focus specifically on the translation of informal written dialogues
Verseils-Bruguière, Catherine. "Contribution à l'identification des réseaux conceptuels associés à l'enseignement-apprentissage de l'énergie : L'enseignement-apprentissage de l'énergie pris dans un contexte pluridisciplinaire et une problématique environnementale". Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20158.
Texto completoDureysseix, Fanny. "Des politiques linguistiques et éducatives aux conditions d’enseignement / apprentissage des langues. Quelle(s) approche(s) du contexte? Le cas de la nation angolaise". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA012/document.
Texto completoAngola remains a relatively unknown context, regardless of the discipline in the social sciences. For the didactics of languages and cultures, this baseline situation raises the question of the approach - or the approaches - to adopt in order to conduct research. This thesis proposes to examine the relevance of a plural approach calling upon history and involving two major lines of work: the diachronic-synchronic axis and the micro-macro axis. The major objective is to build on this approach to: (1) fill in for the lack of data that are essential to understand the singularity of the contemporary sociolinguistic context, and to develop adequate language and education policies; (2) determine, using historicization, the characteristics of the education system and the current educational culture; (3) propose implementing strategies to improve the teaching / learning in language and of languages. The first part of this thesis clarifies the research objectives and hypotheses (Chapter 1), presents the general elements defining the national context (Chapter 2), as well as the concepts mobilized for reflection and analysis (Chapter 3). The second part provides descriptive, explanatory and analytical elements hitherto unpublished regarding the context of this research: a historical background/context (Chapter 4), a sociolinguistic framework (Chapter 5) and a focus built around the French language in Angola leading to a broader reflection on the contemporary public education system (chapter 6). Based on the analysis of three teaching corpus selected following their date of production (1962, 1980 and 2005), the third part allows to exploit the findings made in the first two sections, in order to perform historicised corpus analysis aimed at revealing the characteristics of didactization over time, as well as the traces of this process in contemporary educational productions
Angola ainda é um contexto relativamente desconhecido, qualquer que seja a disciplina nas ciências sociais. Para a didática das línguas e culturas, esta situação inicial se presta a questionar a abordagem - ou as abordagens - a adoptar para realizar a pesquisa. Esta tese propõe a verificar a relevância de uma abordagem multifacetada que envolva história e duas linhas principais de trabalho: o eixo diacrónico-sincrônico e o eixo micro-macro. O objetivo principal é de tirar partido dessa abordagem para: (1) superar a falta de dados essenciais para a compreensão da singularidade do contexto sociolinguístico contemporâneo e para o desenvolvimento de políticas linguísticas e educativas adequadas; (2) determinar de modo historizado as características do sistema de educação e da cultura educacional vigente; (3) propor formas de aplicação para melhorar o ensino / aprendizagem na linguagem e das línguas. A primeira parte desta tese explícita os objectivos e as hipóteses de investigação (Capítulo 1), define os itens gerais sobre o contexto nacional (Capítulo 2) e os conceitos mobilizados para reflexão e análise (Capítulo 3). A segunda parte fornece elementos descritivos, explicativos e analíticos inéditos a respeito do contexto desta pesquisa: um cenário histórico (Capítulo 4), um quadro sociolinguístico (Capítulo 5) e um foco construído em torno da língua francesa em Angola que segue uma reflexão mais geral sobre o sistema educativo público contemporâneo (capítulo 6). A partir da análise de três corpus didáticos selecionados segundo a data de produção (1962, 1980 e 2005), a terceira parte permite alavancar as contribuições das duas primeiras partes para realizar a análise de corpus historizada no objetivo de descobrir as características da didatização com os tempos e vestígios de este processo em produções educacionais contemporâneas
Arcadias, Marie. "Apprentissage non supervisé de dépendances à partir de textes". Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2080/document.
Texto completoDependency grammars allow the construction of a hierarchical organization of the words of sentences. The one-by-one building of dependency trees can be very long and it requries expert knowledge. In this regard, we are interested in unsupervised dependency learning. Currently, DMV give the state-of-art results in unsupervised dependency parsing. However, DMV has been known to be highly sensitive to initial parameters. The training of DMV model is also heavy and long. We present in this thesis a new model to solve this problem in a simpler, faster and more adaptable way. We learn a family of PCFG using less than 6 nonterminal symbols and less than 15 combination rules from the part-of-speech tags. The tuning of these PCFG is ligth, and so easily adaptable to the 12 languages we tested. Our proposed method for unsupervised dependency parsing can show the near state-of-the-art results, being twice faster. Moreover, we describe our interests in dependency trees to other applications such as relation extraction. Therefore, we show how such information from dependency structures can be integrated into condition random fields and how to improve a relation extraction task
Cazorla, Clément. "Analyse d'images en microscopie par réseaux de neurones dans un contexte frugal". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSES028.
Texto completoIn this thesis manuscript, we explore the use of neural networks in a frugal context, i.e. with little training data, applied to microscopy image analysis tasks. In the course of this work, I have carried out substantial integration work in ergonomic user interfaces. These take the form of plugins for Napari, an open-source software package for multi-dimensional image visualization. More broadly, this work brings microscope users and deep learning technologies, currently complex to grasp and implement, closer together through interactive learning software. Biologists are making increasing use of various imaging modalities, with the aim of accessing new sources of information in both basic and applied research contexts. This intensification in the use of microscopes has led to large volumes of data, the analysis of which today poses real technical and scientific questions. Data processing is often carried out manually by biologists (e.g. cell counting), leading to problems of inter- and intra-operator reproducibility of results, as well as processing times that can be very long. The development of deep learning over the last few years has opened up analysis possibilities that were unattainable just a few years ago. Nevertheless, at a time when energy consumption and storage are becoming crucial issues, these approaches pose certain problems. Collecting and annotating large quantities of images is costly and complex. Their reliability is sometimes called into question, as these neural models are frequently considered difficult, if not impossible, to interpret. Today, numerous initiatives are underway to pool models and computational resources, and to research the interpretability of these networks, in order to make them accessible to a wider audience. This thesis focuses on two main areas of image analysis : segmentation and classification. First, we will review the state of the art in learning-based analysis methods for microscopy, and then present the frugal methods we have developed for these two tasks. We will then present their integration as open-source Napari plug-ins. Finally, we'll use concrete examples from both academic and industrial collaborations to demonstrate the value of these methods and the results they deliver
El-Khatib, Wassim. "Mise en place d'une approche par compétences en apprentissage de la langue française dans le contexte libanais : enjeux et diffucultés". Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10125.
Texto completoLoosli, Gaëlle. "Méthodes à noyaux pour la détection de contexte : vers un fonctionnement autonome des méthodes à noyaux". Rouen, INSA, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ISAM0009.
Texto completoRemaud, Jessica. "Étude de la plasticité synaptique hippocampique induite par un apprentissage contextuel". Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2961/.
Texto completoLong term potentiation (LTP) is a process by which the strength of the connection between neurons is increased when they are synchronously and repeatedly activated. This process has been well studied in mammals, especially in a brain region involved in contextual memory: the hippocampus. Literature tends to show a direct link between memory and LTP, but their mechanisms are not clear and there is only a few studies evidencing that LTP actually occurs during learning. In this work, we evidenced that the hippocampus could quickly form a representation of the context to which mice were exposed, this had never been reported before. Then, using electrophysiological tools, we were able to record for the first time LTP in the hippocampus after a learning task with mice. We showed that not all the connections are potentiated during memory formation; LTP is spread in the hippocampus. This repartition of LTP seems to differ between learning tasks. We showed that the hippocampus is needed to rapidly encode a new context, and we validated a method to reliably record learning-induced LTP in mice
Eneau, Jérôme. "La part d'autrui dans la formation de soi : autonomie, autoformation et réciprocité en contexte organisationnel /". Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39980943k.
Texto completoBoudebia-Baala, Afaf. "L'impact des contextes sociolinguistique et scolaire sur l'enseignement/apprentissage du français dans le Souf à travers l'analyse des représentations comme outil de description". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00942722.
Texto completoMbaissatar, Laoukoura Jacques. "L'enseignement/apprentissage de l'histoire dans un contexte sans manuel : cas de la classe de seconde au Tchad". Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE29010.
Texto completoThe title of this thesis is: "teaching and learning history in the context without handbook: the case of fifth grade". First, we look at the history of handbook. We study also the Chadian context; this context shows malfunctioning; for this, we have this working hypothesis: in the context without handbook, pupils wait for the teacher's lessons before learning. We analyse some theoretical elements (readability, glossary, and so one) of handbook because they facilitate teaching and learning. We take into account the forward planification, the historical epistemology, and pedagogical strategies. After the empirical study, our results seam to confirm the working hypothesis
Soler, Millan Germana. "Pour une approche interculturelle de l'enseignement/apprentissage du FLE en milieu universitaire colombien : contexte, manques, besoins, propositions". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30044/document.
Texto completoThe piece's aim is to describe the teaching and learning of French as a Foreign Language (FLE) in Colombia using the University of Caldas as an example. It is about identifying what is lacking, the needs and proposing what is necessary to remedy the situation. We will first describe the situation of FLE and develop theoretical concepts that guide this work : intercultural, representations, stereotypes, FLE teaching, etc. Furthermore, we describe our methodology based on the study of two fields. The first one is composed of two bodies of work: students and teachers of the University of Caldas. Each data consists of two surveys, a sociolinguistic questionnaire distributed to 258 students and 20 semi-structured interviews; a questionnaire distributed to all the FLE teachers of the university and an interview of all these same teachers. Finally, the body of the second field consists of 6 expatriate Colombian FLE teachers who have settled in France. The quantitative study of the questionnaires, and the lexicometric and content study of the data help us to describe an educational context where the intercultural does not have enough emphasis in the teaching of FLE, where the right material and the right conditions to aid the development of this skill do not exist and where representations of learners and teachers can negatively influence the motivation for learning French. Moreover, the second field confirms that the teaching of FLE in Colombian Universities does not transmit intercultural and pragmatic skills to evolve as one would receive living in France. From these results, we will make didactic and political proposals for improving the teaching/learning of FLE in the Colombian universities and for the development of the status of French in the country
Randrianarivo, Hicham. "Apprentissage statistique de classes sémantiques pour l'interprétation d'images aériennes". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CNAM1117/document.
Texto completoThis work is about interpretation of the content of very high resolution aerial optical panchromatic images. Two methods are proposed for the classification of this kind of images. The first method aims at detecting the instances of a class of objects and the other method aims at segmenting superpixels extracted from the images using a contextual model of the relations between the superpixels. The object detection method in very high resolution images uses a mixture of appearance models of a class of objects then fuses the hypothesis returned by the models. We develop a method that clusters training samples into visual subcategories based on a two stages procedure using metadata and visual information. The clustering part allows to learn models that are specialised in recognizing a subset of the dataset and whose fusion lead to a generalization of the object detector. The performances of the method are evaluate on several dataset of very high resolution images at several resolutions and several places. The method proposed for contextual semantic segmentation use a combination of visual description of a superpixel extract from the image and contextual information gathered between a superpixel and its neighbors. The contextual representation is based on a graph where the nodes are the superpixels and the edges are the relations between two neighbors. Finally we predict the category of a superpixel using the predictions made by of the neighbors using the contextual model in order to make the prediction more reliable. We test our method on a dataset of very high resolution images
Mabrouk, Ahmed. "Developpements d'outils d'aide au diagnostic en contexte incertain". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066449.
Texto completoThe diagnosis of severe nuclear accident scenarios represents a major challenge for nuclear safety and crisis management. The problem is complex and remains until now one of the main research topics due to the complexity of the physical and chemical phenomena underlying severe accidents, the difficulty in understanding the different correlations between them, and in addition the unavailability of efficient public datasets. Thus, the purpose of this thesis is to propose a dedicated tool for modeling and diagnosis of accident scenarios based on Bayesian networks. The learning process of the Bayesian networks is based on the use of databases created with the ASTEC severe accident software. It should be emphasized that the use of Bayesian networks in this context has faced many challenges, notably the learning process from the accidental data which, after numerous studies, has been doomed to be ineffective to address efficiently this task. These difficulties arise mainly because the used data contains on the one hand, many continuous variables and on the other hand a set of both deterministic and probabilistic relationships between variables. These two constraints present a serious problem for the learning algorithms of Bayesian networks because these latter assume that all relationships between variables are probabilistic and all the used variables in the datasets are factorial (or discrete). Concerning the first point, we proposed of a new structure learning algorithm based on the use of a set of new rules (whose effectiveness has been proven theoretically and experimentally). Regarding discretization step, we proposed a multivariate approach which, according to a detailed experimental study, has enabled us to overcome the drawbacks of these latter while minimizing the information loss during the data transformation
Martinez, Margarit Aleix. "Apprentissage visuel dans un système de vision active : application dans un contexte de robotique et reconnaissance du visage". Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081521.
Texto completoBredèche, Nicolas. "Ancrage de lexique et perceptions : changements de représentation et apprentissage dans le contexte d'un agent situé et mobile". Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112225.
Texto completoIn Artificial Intelligence, the symbol grounding problem is considered as an important issue regarding the meaning of symbols used by an artificial agent. Our work is concerned with the grounding of symbols for a situated mobile robot that navigates through a real world environment. In this setting, the main problem the robot encounters is to ground symbols given by a human teacher that refers to physical entities (e. G. A door, a human, etc. ). Grounding such a lexicon is a difficult task because of the intrinsic nature of the environment: it is dynamic, complex and noisy. Moreover, one specific symbol (e. G. "door") may refer to different physical objects in size, shape or colour while the robot may acquire only a small number of examples for each symbol. Also, it is not possible to rely on ad-hoc physical models of symbols due to the great number of symbols that may be grounded. Thus, the problem is to define how to build a grounded representation in such a context. In order to address this problem, we have reformulated the symbol grounding problem as a supervised learning problem. We present an approach that relies on the use of abstraction operators. Thanks to these operators, information on granularity and structural configuration is extracted from the perceptions in order to case the building of an anchor. For each symbol, the appropriate definition for these operators is found out thanks to successive changes of representation that provide an efficient and adapted anchor. In order to implement our approach, we have developed PLIC and WMplic which are successfully used for long term symbol grounding by a PIONEER2 DX mobile robot in the corridors of the Computer Sciences Lab of the University of Paris 6
Lebatteux, Nicole. "Représentation sociale de l'entreprise et contexte scolaire en lycée professionnel tertiaire : obstacles et appuis pour un apprentissage citoyen". Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX10100.
Texto completoAlqasir, Hiba. "Apprentissage profond pour l'analyse de scènes de remontées mécaniques : amélioration de la généralisation dans un contexte multi-domaines". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSES045.
Texto completoThis thesis presents our work on chairlift safety using deep learning techniques as part of the Mivao project, which aims to develop a computer vision system that acquires images of the chairlift boarding station, analyzes the crucial elements, and detects dangerous situations. In this scenario, we have different chairlifts spread over different ski resorts, with a high diversity of acquisition conditions and geometries; thus, each chairlift is considered a domain. When the system is installed for a new chairlift, the objective is to perform an accurate and reliable scene analysis, given the lack of labeled data on this new domain (chairlift).In this context, we mainly concentrate on the chairlift safety bar and propose to classify each image into two categories, depending on whether the safety bar is closed (safe) or open (unsafe). Thus, it is an image classification problem with three specific features: (i) the image category depends on a small detail (the safety bar) in a cluttered background, (ii) manual annotations are not easy to obtain, (iii) a classifier trained on some chairlifts should provide good results on a new one (generalization). To guide the classifier towards the important regions of the images, we have proposed two solutions: object detection and Siamese networks. Furthermore, we analyzed the generalization property of these two approaches. Our solutions are motivated by the need to minimize human annotation efforts while improving the accuracy of the chairlift safety problem. However, these contributions are not necessarily limited to this specific application context, and they may be applied to other problems in a multi-domain context
Zanchi, Carine. "Apprentissage / enseignement du français langue 3 avec un manuel généraliste en contexte arabophone : le cas de la Jordanie". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2177/document.
Texto completoThis Phd work has focused on the process of teaching/learning of French as a foreign language using a French textbook for this purpose in Jordan where French is taught in schools as a second foreign language after English. Actually, there is a lack of textbooks teaching French as a foreign made especially for Arabic speaking public, this is why the process of teaching/learning is done by using imported textbooks from other languages speakers. And our research examined the way of learning and getting the information from these textbooks when most of the public is bilingual (English and Arabic).In the case of Jordan, as mentioned by Blanchet, this cannot be done without taking in consideration not only the Jordanian educational culture (Arab-Muslim) but also the local sociolinguistic dynamics, the link between writing and its represented image, the representations of subjects - mandatory and optional - of French and its teaching, and the previous training of teachers, etc.Because this work is a kind of a field work and a survey based on the feedback of teachers and learners of these textbooks, it suggests ways to deal and to act in the process of teaching/learning of French as a foreign language. Only contextualization of educational process can meet the commonly accepted shortcomings of positioning things such as manuals and their contents depending on the contexts in which they were not designed (Blanchet, op.cit.)
El, Metennani Faiza. "Analyse des approches d'apprentissage des étudiants universitaires, dans le contexte des formation hybrides". Thesis, CY Cergy Paris Université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CYUN1008.
Texto completoA learner's behavior can be influenced by factors related to the environment, or by factors related to his own personal characteristics, Jézégou, (2014: 273). Our research work started from this research line. It is in this sense that we will try to understand from the perspective of the effects, the relationship between the hybrid device, the learning approaches and the personal characteristics of the students (gender and the feeling of personal effectiveness).Our research is experimental research, which makes it possible to determine the question of causality: if a student proceeds by such or such an approach, this is explained by factors related to the device, or else by factors related to his personal characteristicsWe were able to conduct our study in a university context in two different countries, Algeria and Cameroon. In the Algerian context, we were able to observe the progress of a hybrid course, supported by a teacher with 37 students. To better verify the notion of the effect of a hybrid device, we planned to experiment with this same hybrid course with the same teacher, but completely at distance (remotely), with another group of students (13 students). In the Cameroonian context, we observed the unfolding of a hybrid course, taught by a teacher, with 58 students from three promotions.We collected data on the variables, either by video recordings, or by retrieving data from the Moodle platform, or by questionnaire and interviews. The method of analysis is both a quantitative and a qualitative method.The results of our research reveal that the students proceeded much more by an in-depth approach. We concluded that the support of the teacher and the techno pedagogical environment have an effect on the learning approaches of the students.The results of our research also reveal that students who had a strong or weak sense of self-efficiency all proceeded through deep treatment approaches. So the feeling of self-efficiency does not have an effect on the choice of this or that learning approach. The results also indicate that there is no relationship between the biological characteristics of students (gender) and their learning approaches
Kodelja, Bonan Dorian. "Prise en compte du contexte inter-phrastique pour l'extraction d'événements supervisée". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS005.
Texto completoThe extraction of structured information from a document is one of the main parts of natural language processing (NLP). This extraction usually consists in three steps: named entities recognition relation extraction and event extraction. This last step is considered to be the most challenging. The notion of event covers a broad list of different phenomena which are characterized through a varying number of roles. Thereupon, Event extraction consists in detecting the occurrence of an event then determining its argument, that is, the different entities filling specific roles. These two steps are usually done one after the other. In this case, the first step revolves around detecting triggers indicating the occurrence of events.The current best approaches, based on neural networks, focus on the direct neighborhood of the target word in the sentence. Information in the rest of the document is then usually ignored. This thesis presents different approaches aiming at exploiting this document-level context.We begin by reproducing a state of the art convolutional neural network and analyze some of its parameters. We then present an experiment showing that, despite its good performances, our model only exploit a narrow context at the intra-sentential level.Subsequently, we present two methods to generate and integrate a representation of the inter-sentential context in a neural network operating on an intra-sentential context.The first contribution consists in producing a task-specific representation of the inter-sentential context through the aggregation of the predictions of a first intra-sentential model. This representation is then integrated in a second model, allowing it to use the document level distribution of event to improve its performances. We also show that this task-specific representation is better than an existing generic representation of the inter-sentential context.Our second contribution, in response to the limitations of the first one, allows for the dynamic generation of a specific context for each target word. This method yields the best performances for a single model on multiples datasets.Finally, we take a different tack on the exploitation of the inter-sentential context. We try a more direct modelisation of the dependencies between multiple event instances inside a document in order to produce a joint prediction. To do so, we use the PSL (Probabilistic Soft Logic) framework which allows to model such dependencies through logic formula
Boutin, Arnaud. "Conditions d'apprentissage moteur et représentations sensori-motrices : des mouvements discrets aus séquences motrices". Poitiers, 2009. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2009/Boutin-Arnaud/2009-Boutin-Arnaud-These.pdf.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on the analysis of the cognitive processes underlying learning of new motor behavior, and the study of our faculties to adapt this behavior to new ones. To address this issue, three experiments were designed to analyze discrete and continuous movements. The main purpose of this work was to assess: 1) learning variables that are supposed to influence the acquisition of discrete and/or continuous movements (Experiments 1 and 2), and 2) the way sequential movements are coded (Experiment 3). Experiments 1 and 2 revealed that the schedule of practice and/or task similarity can modulate intra- and/or inter-task processing during practice, and thus, influence subsequent learning. Further, our results also indicated that both schedule of practice and task similarity interact with the amount of practice; thus, learning of new motor behavior supposes to consider all these factors. In Experiment 3, our data argue for the existence of both effectordependent and visual-spatial sequence representation, irrespective of the amount of practice. These findings are not consistent with the notion that the amount of practice is thought to be a determinant factor in the shifting from a visual-spatial (effector-independent) to a motor (effector-dependent) code representation (from 1 to 2 days of practice). Theoretical and practical implications emerging from these results are discussed with regard to pre-existent theoretical data and models
Marchand, Claire. "Les connaissances anterieures des patients sur leur maladie dans le contexte de leur education : analyse de leur role,de leur nature,de leur configuration cognitive et de leur evolution,par l'utilisation de cartes conceptuelles". Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA054014.
Texto completoMotta, Erimita Manificat Maurice. "Contexte linguistico-culturel des enfants de Bom Jua et stratégies éducatives de l'école communautaire". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1988. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/1988/cunha-de-miranda_em.
Texto completoPortron, Arthur. "L'étude de l'influence du contexte sur la poursuite oculaire". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066123/document.
Texto completoPursuit eye movements allow us to track a target which moves continuously and slowly in our visual environment. Studies have shown this movement is based on the simultaneous contribution of retinal signals linked to the retinal image of the visual target and to the context, on extra retinal signals underlying cognitive process and the efference copy, and some inhibition and suppression processes related to the visual context. This dynamical combination allows the pursuit system to adapt in a wide range of contexts. If the presence of a motion signal in the visual environment is thought as a prerequisite to initiate and then to maintain the pursuit, some results since the 70’s moderate this view. In order to investigate the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of pursuit eye movements after target disappearance and the nature of signals leading to generate pursuit, we investigate the effects of two different contexts. These contexts, a visual one, and an auditory one, share the same property which is to be dependent on eye movements. As a result of this dependence, the contexts yield a new signal, visual or auditory, which carry an information about the ongoing eye movement. We study the effects of these information induced by the contexts in procedure involving the generation and the maintenance of smooth pursuit eye movements, and the generation of smooth and continuous eye movements without a moving target
Ingham, Marc. "Analyse des processus d'apprentissage organisationnel dans le contexte de coopérations impliquant des projets de recherche et de développement". Paris 9, 1995. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1995PA090036.
Texto completoThe thesis presents empirically grounded conceptual frameworks enabling to better understand organizational learning processes in cooperation covering research and development projects. The methodology applies the principles of grounded theory development through in depth and longitudinal analysis of case studies in a European firm involved in collaborative agreements made with European, north American and Japanese firms. The research identifies three mains areas of organizational learning: negotiating agreements, managing research and development projects and finally enhancing scientific knowledge and technological skills. More than twenty organizational learning processes were studied during a period lasting two and half year. The research falls in three parts. The first presents the state of the art in the literature on organizational learning and proposes a conceptual framework enabling to start the empirical research. The second is devoted to an in-depth analysis processes at work and their determinants. The third draws conclusions relating to the management of both research and development projects and collaborative agreements favoring the realization of organizational learning processes
Dhima, Bardhylka. "Pour un développement de l'enseignement / apprentissage des langues étrangères dans un contexte institutionnel présecondaire : cas du F.L.E. en Albanie". Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20022.
Texto completoThe thesis deals primarily with the problems of teaching / learning of foreign languages (especially of French as a second language) with reference to primary- school children and with the development of this teaching. It includs the psychological and developmental dimension in the approach of the audience of children by emphasizing the cognitive, affective and social aspects in connection with language and language learning from early childhood. It examines the age-adepted contents of this teaching as well as the interaction between the various means offerred in the learning situations, taking account of the charactéristics of the learning children and their individual differences. It goes on to examine a number of basic aspects of teacher training
Gu, Nahai. "Styles cognitifs, langue chinoise et apprentissage des mathématiques et de la statistique : etude exploratoire dans le contexte de l'enseignement secondaire en Chine". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2058/document.
Texto completoIn this research study, we will explore the learning characteristics of students of different cognitive styles of secondary education in China. Several studies, including our latest research, have highlighted the fact that students of different cognitive styles have manifested different learning characteristics. In our previous work, we noted that mathematical knowledge is essential for the learning of statistic. Meanwhile, Chinese students off different studies showed different cognitive styles. Moreover, some studies have shown the characteristics of generalization in Chinese student learning process which refers to the characteristics of Chinese language learning. Since all Chinese students do not study in the same context and the development of cognitive styles are closely linked to socio-cultural adaptation, we are interested in the relationships between the three elements that are respectively the cultural context, mathematics learning and cognitive styles. Thus, as a continuation study, this thesis focuses on the mathematics learning characteristics of the Chinese high school students of different campus and different cognitive styles.In this thesis, we aim firstly to validate the results that are revealed by different researches of different cultural contexts. Secondly, as the selection of students of each campus is based on the national competitions that play a key role in determining the school context, we are specifically interested in the field dependence-independence cognitive style as well as the reflexivity-impulsivity cognitive style as the characteristics of the two types of cognitive style are, theoretically, closely related to the competition context. We will explore the links between student selection and different cognitive styles. We will also see the relationship between the field dependent-independent cognitive style and the reflexivity-impulsivity cognitive style. Eventually, we will present the different mathematics learning characteristics of students of different cognitive styles and different school campus
Abel, Marie-Hélène. "Apport des Mémoires Organisationnelles dans un contexte d'apprentissage". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00211976.
Texto completoNotre volonté, avec l'approche MEMORAe (MEMoire ORganisationnelle Appliquée au e-learning) est d'opérationnaliser les connexions entre e-learning et knowledge management. Pour ce faire, notre objectif est de modéliser et concevoir un environnement d'apprentissage tenant compte à la fois de ces deux aspects.
Côté e-learning, ces dernières années, la modélisation des environnements d'apprentissage a été étudiée en ingénierie éducative selon deux principales approches :
- l'approche par les ressources, basée sur le paradigme des objets pédagogiques ;
- l'approche par les activités, basée sur les notions d'unités d'apprentissage, d'activité et de scénario pédagogique.
Côté knowledge management, « L'ingénierie des connaissances propose des concepts, méthodes et techniques permettant de modéliser, de formaliser, d'acquérir des connaissances dans les organisations dans un but d'opérationnalisation, de structuration ou de gestion au sens large. » (Charlet, 2001). Le même auteur précise que ces méthodes et outils sont destinés à favoriser la dynamique des connaissances dans l'organisation.
Dans le cadre de l'approche MEMORAe, nous proposons d'associer ingénierie des connaissances et ingénierie éducative afin de modéliser et concevoir un environnement d'apprentissage selon l'approche par les ressources. Nous avons fait le choix de tester et d'évaluer l'apport des mémoires organisationnelles à base d'ontologies dans un contexte d'apprentissage au sein d'une organisation apprenante. Rappelons que, d'une part, une telle organisation doit encourager l'apprentissage à différents niveaux (individu, groupe et organisation) et maximiser l'apprentissage organisationnel ; d'autre part, elle constitue une constellation de communautés de pratique.
Mabrouk, Ahmed. "Developpements d'outils d'aide au diagnostic en contexte incertain". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066449.
Texto completoThe diagnosis of severe nuclear accident scenarios represents a major challenge for nuclear safety and crisis management. The problem is complex and remains until now one of the main research topics due to the complexity of the physical and chemical phenomena underlying severe accidents, the difficulty in understanding the different correlations between them, and in addition the unavailability of efficient public datasets. Thus, the purpose of this thesis is to propose a dedicated tool for modeling and diagnosis of accident scenarios based on Bayesian networks. The learning process of the Bayesian networks is based on the use of databases created with the ASTEC severe accident software. It should be emphasized that the use of Bayesian networks in this context has faced many challenges, notably the learning process from the accidental data which, after numerous studies, has been doomed to be ineffective to address efficiently this task. These difficulties arise mainly because the used data contains on the one hand, many continuous variables and on the other hand a set of both deterministic and probabilistic relationships between variables. These two constraints present a serious problem for the learning algorithms of Bayesian networks because these latter assume that all relationships between variables are probabilistic and all the used variables in the datasets are factorial (or discrete). Concerning the first point, we proposed of a new structure learning algorithm based on the use of a set of new rules (whose effectiveness has been proven theoretically and experimentally). Regarding discretization step, we proposed a multivariate approach which, according to a detailed experimental study, has enabled us to overcome the drawbacks of these latter while minimizing the information loss during the data transformation
Randrianarivo, Hicham. "Apprentissage statistique de classes sémantiques pour l'interprétation d'images aériennes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CNAM1117.
Texto completoThis work is about interpretation of the content of very high resolution aerial optical panchromatic images. Two methods are proposed for the classification of this kind of images. The first method aims at detecting the instances of a class of objects and the other method aims at segmenting superpixels extracted from the images using a contextual model of the relations between the superpixels. The object detection method in very high resolution images uses a mixture of appearance models of a class of objects then fuses the hypothesis returned by the models. We develop a method that clusters training samples into visual subcategories based on a two stages procedure using metadata and visual information. The clustering part allows to learn models that are specialised in recognizing a subset of the dataset and whose fusion lead to a generalization of the object detector. The performances of the method are evaluate on several dataset of very high resolution images at several resolutions and several places. The method proposed for contextual semantic segmentation use a combination of visual description of a superpixel extract from the image and contextual information gathered between a superpixel and its neighbors. The contextual representation is based on a graph where the nodes are the superpixels and the edges are the relations between two neighbors. Finally we predict the category of a superpixel using the predictions made by of the neighbors using the contextual model in order to make the prediction more reliable. We test our method on a dataset of very high resolution images
Hamadi, Abdelkader. "Utilisation du contexte pour l'indexation sémantique des images et vidéos". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENM047/document.
Texto completoThe automated indexing of image and video is a difficult problem because of the``distance'' between the arrays of numbers encoding these documents and the concepts (e.g. people, places, events or objects) with which we wish to annotate them. Methods exist for this but their results are far from satisfactory in terms of generality and accuracy. Existing methods typically use a single set of such examples and consider it as uniform. This is not optimal because the same concept may appear in various contexts and its appearance may be very different depending upon these contexts. In this thesis, we considered the use of context for indexing multimedia documents. The context has been widely used in the state of the art to treat various problems. In our work, we use relationships between concepts as a source of semantic context. For the case of videos, we exploit the temporal context that models relationships between the shots of the same video. We propose several approaches using both types of context and their combination, in different levels of an indexing system. We also present the problem of multiple concept detection. We assume that it is related to the context use problematic. We consider that detecting simultaneously a set of concepts is equivalent to detecting one or more concepts forming the group in a context where the others are present. To do that, we studied and compared two types of approaches. All our proposals are generic and can be applied to any system for the detection of any concept. We evaluated our contributions on TRECVID and VOC collections, which are of international standards and recognized by the community. We achieved good results comparable to those of the best indexing systems evaluated in recent years in the evaluation campaigns cited previously
Dumoulin, Marie-Josée. "La restructuration de l'expérience chez trois enseignantes débutantes en contexte d'accompagnement mentoral". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/942.
Texto completoEs, soufi Widad. "Modélisation et fouille des processus en vue d'assister la prise de décisions dans le contexte de la conception et la supervision des systèmes". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENAM0067/document.
Texto completoData sets are growing rapidly because of two things. First, the fourth industrial revolution that aims to transform factories into smart entities in which cyber physical systems monitor the physical processes of the factory. Second, the need to innovate in order to achieve and maintain competitiveness. Due to this huge volume of data (Big Data), (i) design and supervision processes are becoming chaotic, (ii) data within organizations is increasingly becoming difficult to exploit and (iii) engineers are increasingly lost when making decisions. Indeed, several issues are identified in industry: (i) when researching, visualizing and exchanging information, (ii) when making decisions and (iii) when managing contextual changes. Through this research work, we propose an Intelligent and modular Decision Support System (IDSS), where each of the four modules solves one of the identified issues. Process modelling and traceability modules aim to model processes and capture how they are actualy executed. The decision support module proposes the process patterns that best fit the decision context, as well as their most significant activity parameters. The contextual change management module continuously updates the decision-making module, in order to handle the dynamic aspect of the decision context. The proposed system is fully verified and half-validated in the context of the Gontrand project, aiming at intelligent and real-time supervision of gas networks favoring the injection of green gas. In order to be fully validated, the performance of the system must be analyzed after integrating and exploitating it in a real industrial environment