Artículos de revistas: "Anti-MRSA activity"

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Asnani, Ari, Eva Luviriani y Oedjijono Oedjijono. "Activity of Actinomycetes Isolated from Mangrove Segara Anakan Cilacap toward Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)". Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 23, n.º 1 (6 de diciembre de 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.23.1.1-7.

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major health concern because it causes numerous infections in both healthcare facilities and communities. The development of multiresistant against topical antibiotics has caused substantial difficulty in the management of Staphylococcus infection. Thus, this research was aimed to explore indigenous marine Actinomycetes isolated from Segara Anakan Cilacap for anti-MRSA activity. The methods used were screening anti-MRSA activity using agar-block method, production of anti-MRSA extract, extraction of the anti-MRSA extract with ethyl acetate, MIC determination of the ethyl-acetate extract, and species identification based on morphology and 16S rRNA genes. The results indicated that 14 out of 16 Actinomycetes have anti-MRSA activity. Three isolates, which were W-5B, W-5A, and P-7D, showed the highest anti-MRSA activity with the inhibition zone of 2.40 mm, 1.20 mm, and 0.80 mm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethyl acetate extract from isolates W-5B, W-5A, and P-7D against MRSA were 2 mg/mL, 4 mg/mL, and 8 mg/mL, respectively. The species identification based on 16S rRNA genes indicated that Actinomycetes W-5B isolate has 92.51% similarity with Streptomyces sp. 2011. The W-5A has 94.69% similarity with Arthrobacter sp. HZ11. The P-7D has 94.79% similarity with Streptomyces clavuligerus strain A-ZN-05. The present study concludes that marine Actinomycetes from sediment mangrove in Segara Anakan Cilacap, Indonesia, has potency as anti-MRSA.

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Kubo, Isao, Ping Xiao y Ken'ichi Fujita. "Anti-MRSA activity of alkyl gallates". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 12, n.º 2 (enero de 2002): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00663-1.

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3

Yao, Cheng-Jiao, Yi-lin Li, Meng-Jun Pu, Li-Hong Luo, Qin Xiong, Feng-Jiao Xie, Ting-Lin Li y Pei-Min Feng. "Aminoglycosides with Anti-MRSA Activity: A Concise Review". Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 21, n.º 27 (8 de diciembre de 2021): 2483–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026621666211004093647.

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a leading cause of infections in human being and is usually associated with a multidrug-resistant profile, represents a significant health threat and public burden globally. The limited options of effective antibiotics motivate the search for novel anti-MRSA agents. Aminoglycoside antibiotics have been extensively applied in the medical field due to their desirable broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, especially for systemic infections caused by Gram-negative organisms. Recent studies demonstrated that aminoglycosides also possessed potential activity against MRSA, so aminoglycosides may be useful weapons to fight against MRSA. The present work aims to summarize the current scenario of aminoglycosides with anti- MRSA potential, covering articles published between 2010 and 2020. The structure-activity relationship and the mechanism of action are also discussed for the further rational design of novel potential drug candidates.

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Yao, Cheng-Jiao, Yi-lin Li, Meng-Jun Pu, Li-Hong Luo, Qin Xiong, Feng-Jiao Xie, Ting-Lin Li y Pei-Min Feng. "Aminoglycosides with Anti-MRSA Activity: A Concise Review". Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 21, n.º 27 (8 de diciembre de 2021): 2483–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026621666211004093647.

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a leading cause of infections in human being and is usually associated with a multidrug-resistant profile, represents a significant health threat and public burden globally. The limited options of effective antibiotics motivate the search for novel anti-MRSA agents. Aminoglycoside antibiotics have been extensively applied in the medical field due to their desirable broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, especially for systemic infections caused by Gram-negative organisms. Recent studies demonstrated that aminoglycosides also possessed potential activity against MRSA, so aminoglycosides may be useful weapons to fight against MRSA. The present work aims to summarize the current scenario of aminoglycosides with anti- MRSA potential, covering articles published between 2010 and 2020. The structure-activity relationship and the mechanism of action are also discussed for the further rational design of novel potential drug candidates.

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Imamura, Hideaki, Norikazu Ohtake, Hideki Jona, Aya Shimizu, Minoru Moriya, Hiroki Sato, Yuichi Sugimoto et al. "Dicationic dithiocarbamate carbapenems with anti-MRSA activity". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 9, n.º 6 (junio de 2001): 1571–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00044-x.

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Ohtake, Norikazu, Hideaki Imamura, Hideki Jona, Hideo Kiyonaga, Aya Shimizu, Minoru Moriya, Hiroki Sato, Masato Nakano, Ryosuke Ushijima y Susumu Nakagawa. "Novel dithiocarbamate carbapenems with anti-MRSA activity". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 6, n.º 7 (julio de 1998): 1089–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0968-0896(98)00069-8.

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7

Ohtake, Norikazu, Hideaki Imamura, Hideo Kiyonaga, Hideki Jona, Masayuki Ogawa, Shigemitsu Okada, Aya Shimizu et al. "Novel dithiocarbamate carbapenems1 with anti-MRSA activity". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 7, n.º 13 (julio de 1997): 1617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-894x(97)00272-2.

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8

Yee, Cheung, Donald Biek, Kevin Krause y Gregory Williams. "Ceftaroline: a Cephalosporin with Anti-MRSA Activity". Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 33, n.º 21 (noviembre de 2011): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2011.10.001.

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9

Cao, Feng, Wei Peng, Xiaoli Li, Ming Liu, Bin Li, Rongxin Qin, Weiwei Jiang et al. "Emodin is identified as the active component of ether extracts from Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati, for anti-MRSA activity". Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 93, n.º 6 (junio de 2015): 485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2014-0465.

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This study investigated the anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (anti-MRSA) activity and chemical compositions of ether extracts from Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati (ET-RPC). Significant anti-MRSA activities of ET-RPC against MRSA252 and MRSA clinical strains were tested in in vitro antibacterial experiments, such as inhibition zone diameter test, minimal inhibitory concentration test, and dynamic bacterial growth assay. Subsequently, 7 major compounds of ET-RPC were purified and identified as polydatin, resveratrol-4-O-d-(6′-galloyl)-glucopyranoside, resveratrol, torachryson-8-O-glucoside, emodin-8-O-glucoside, 6-hydroxy-emodin, and emodin using liquid chromatography – electrospray ionization – tandem mass spectrometry. After investigation of anti-MRSA activities of the 7 major compounds, only emodin had significant anti-MRSA activity. Further, transmission electron microscopy was used to observe morphological changes in the cell wall of MRSA252, and the result revealed that emodin could damage the integrity of cell wall, leading to loss of intracellular components. In summary, our results showed ET-RPC could significantly inhibit bacterial growth of MRSA strains. Emodin was identified as the major compound with anti-MRSA activity; this activity was related to destruction of the integrity of the cell wall and cell membrane.

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Yu, Moxi, Yachen Hou, Meiling Cheng, Yongshen Liu, Caise Ling, Dongshen Zhai, Hui Zhao et al. "Antibacterial Activity of Squaric Amide Derivative SA2 against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus". Antibiotics 11, n.º 11 (28 de octubre de 2022): 1497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11111497.

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-caused infection is difficult to treat because of its resistance to commonly used antibiotic, and poses a significant threat to public health. To develop new anti-bacterial agents to combat MRSA-induced infections, we synthesized novel squaric amide derivatives and evaluated their anti-bacterial activity by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Additionally, inhibitory activity of squaric amide 2 (SA2) was measured using the growth curve assay, time-kill assay, and an MRSA-induced skin infection animal model. A scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope were utilized to observe the effect of SA2 on the morphologies of MRSA. Transcriptome analysis and real-time PCR were used to test the possible anti-bacterial mechanism of SA2. The results showed that SA2 exerted bactericidal activity against a number of MRSA strains with an MIC at 4–8 µg/mL. It also inhibited the bacterial growth curve of MRSA strains in a dose-dependent manner, and reduced the colony formation unit in 4× MIC within 4–8 h. The infective lesion size and the bacterial number in the MRSA-induced infection tissue of mice were reduced significantly within 7 days after SA2 treatment. Moreover, SA2 disrupted the bacterial membrane and alanine dehydrogenase-dependent NAD+/NADH homeostasis. Our data indicates that SA2 is a possible lead compound for the development of new anti-bacterial agents against MRSA infection.

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Gao, Yujie, Yuanhao Dong, Yubin Cao, Wenlong Huang, Chenhao Yu, Shangyan Sui, Anchun Mo y Qiang Peng. "Graphene Oxide Nanosheets with Efficient Antibacterial Activity Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)". Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 17, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 2021): 1627–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2021.3123.

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The development of drug-resistant bacteria has become a public health problem, among which methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) leads to various life-threatening diseases. Graphene oxide (GO) is a two-dimensional nanomaterial with potential in the anti-MRSA treatment. This study prepared GO nanosheets with fixed lamellar size, investigated its antibacterial activity against MRSA, and analyzed the related antibacterial mechanisms. We found that the fabrication of GO with stable dispersion was workable. Furthermore, such GO had superior antibacterial performance against MRSA at low concentrations with the dose-dependent anti-MRSA effect. The GO-MRSA interaction also provided fundamental support for the antibacterial mechanisms with cleavage and encapsulation effects. In conclusion, GO nanosheets may be a promising antimicrobial agent against MRSA.

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Sundar, Ranjitha Dhevi V. y Sathiavelu Arunachalam. "Anti-MRSA activity of Pollianthes tuberosa leaf extracts". Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology 17, n.º 1 (18 de marzo de 2022): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v17i1.57727.

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13

Zhao, Min, Tomonori Kamada, Aya Takeuchi, Hiromi Nishioka, Teruo Kuroda y Yasuo Takeuchi. "Structure–activity relationship of indoloquinoline analogs anti-MRSA". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 25, n.º 23 (diciembre de 2015): 5551–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.10.058.

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14

Rukavina, Zora, May Wenche Jøraholmen, Dunja Božić, Ivana Frankol, Petra Golja Gašparović, Nataša Škalko-Basnet, Maja Šegvić Klarić y Željka Vanić. "Azithromycin-loaded liposomal hydrogel: a step forward for enhanced treatment of MRSA-related skin infections". Acta Pharmaceutica 73, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2023): 559–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acph-2023-0042.

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Abstract Azithromycin (AZT) encapsulated into various types of liposomes (AZT-liposomes) displayed pronounced in vitro activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (1). The present study represents a follow-up to this previous work, attempting to further explore the anti-MRSA potential of AZT-liposomes when incorporated into chitosan hydrogel (CHG). Incorporation of AZT-liposomes into CHG (liposomal CHGs) was intended to ensure proper viscosity and texture properties of the formulation, modification of antibiotic release, and enhanced antibacterial activity, aiming to upgrade the therapeutical potential of AZT-liposomes in localized treatment of MRSA-related skin infections. Four different liposomal CHGs were evaluated and compared on the grounds of antibacterial activity against MRSA, AZT release profiles, cytotoxicity, as well as texture, and rheological properties. To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the potential of liposomal CHGs for the topical localized treatment of MRSA-related skin infections. CHG ensured proper viscoelastic and texture properties to achieve prolonged retention and prolonged release of AZT at the application site, which resulted in a boosted anti-MRSA effect of the entrapped AZT-liposomes. With respect to anti-MRSA activity and biocompatibility, formulation CATL-CHG (cationic liposomes in CHG) is considered to be the most promising formulation for the treatment of MRSA-related skin infections.

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Kristiana, Rhesi, Gilles Bedoux, Gerard Pals, I. Wayan Mudianta, Laure Taupin, Christel Marty, Meezan Ardhanu Asagabaldan et al. "Bioactivity of compounds secreted by symbiont bacteria of Nudibranchs from Indonesia". PeerJ 8 (2 de enero de 2020): e8093. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8093.

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The aims of this work are to isolate bacterial symbionts from nudibranchs and subsequently to determine anti-Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), cytotoxicity and anti-Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) activities of bio compounds. A total of 15 species of nudibranchs were collected from Karimunjawa and five species from Bali, respectively. A total of 245 bacteria isolates were obtained. The anti-MRSA activity screening activity indicated two active bacteria. Ethyl acetate extracts from supernatants, indicating extracelullar compounds, showed an inhibition zone against MRSA at concentrations of 500–1,000 µg/ml. DNA sequence analysis showed that the strain KJB-07 from Phyllidia coelestis was closely related to Pseudoalteromonas rubra, whereas the strain NP31-01 isolated from Phyllidia varicosa was closely related to Virgibacillus salarius. The extract of Pseudoalteromonas rubra was cytotoxic to Vero cells at a concentration of 75 µg/ml. The extract of V. salarius presented no cytotoxicity at concentrations of 5–1,000 µg/ml. No anti HSV-1 was observed for both isolated bacteria. This is the first study describing research on anti-MRSA, cytotoxicity and anti HSV-1 activity of bacterial symbionts from the viscera of nudibranch. Compounds produced by Pseudoalteromonas rubra and V. salarius, had potential anti-MRSA activity. However, only extracts from Pseudoalteromonas rubra showed cytotoxic effects on Vero cells. Three compounds were identified by LC/MS after purification from culture supernatant.

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Al Bshabshe, Ali, Martin R. P. Joseph, Amgad A. Awad El-Gied, Abdalla N. Fadul, Harish C. Chandramoorthy y Mohamed E. Hamid. "Clinical Relevance and Antimicrobial Profiling of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on Routine Antibiotics and Ethanol Extract of Mango Kernel (Mangifera indica L.)". BioMed Research International 2020 (19 de febrero de 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4150678.

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is known for serious health problems. Testing new inexpensive natural products such as mango kernel (Mangifera indica L., Anacardiaceae) may provide alternative and economically viable anti-MRSA drugs. In the current study, we screened clinical isolates from Aseer Central Hospital, Saudi Arabia, during 2012–2017 for MRSA and tested an ethanolic extract of mango kernel for anti-MRSA activity. Brief confirmation of MRSA was performed by the Vitek 2 system, while antibiotic sensitivity of strains was tested for their clinical relevance. The In vitro disc diffusion method was used to test the anti-MRSA activity of the ethanolic mango kernel extract. The antimicrobial activity of mango kernel was compared to that of standard drugs (oxacillin and vancomycin). Of the identified 132 S. aureus strains, 42 (31.8%) were found to be MRSA and their prevalence showed a clear increase during the last two years (2016-2017; p<0.001). MRSA strains showed 100% sensitivity to vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, tetracycline, daptomycin, tigecycline, and tobramycin and 100% resistance to ampicillin and 98% to penicillin. The ethanolic extracts of mango kernel were found active against both S. aureus and the MRSA strains. Inhibitory activities (mean ± SE) were achieved at concentrations of 50 mg/mL (20.77 ± 0.61), 5 mg/mL (16.18 ± 0.34), and 0.5 mg/mL (8.39 ± 0.33) exceeding that of vancomycin (p=0.0162). MRSA strains were sensitive to mango kernel extracts when compared to vancomycin. Therefore, ethanolic extracts of mango kernel can be escalated to animal model studies as a promising leading anti-MRSA drug candidate and can be an economic alternative to high-priced synthetic antibiotics.

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Xu, Li, Xuejie Xu, Ganjun Yuan, Yimin Wang, Yunqiu Qu y Erxiao Liu. "Mechanism of Azalomycin F5a against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus". BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6942452.

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To investigate the mechanism of azalomycin F5a against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), the conductivity of MRSA suspension and the adenylate kinase activity of MRSA culture were determined with the intervention of azalomycin F5a, which were significantly increased compared to those of blank controls. This inferred that azalomycin F5a could lead to the leakage of cellular substances possibly by increasing permeability to kill MRSA. As phospholipid bilayer was mainly responsible for cell-membrane permeability, the interaction between azalomycin F5a and cell-membrane lipids was further researched by determining the anti-MRSA activities of azalomycin F5a combined with cell-membrane lipids extracted from test MRSA or with 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-glycerol (DPPG) for possible molecular targets lying in MRSA cell-membrane. The results indicated that the anti-MRSA activity of azalomycin F5a remarkably decreased when it combined with membrane lipids or DPPG. This indicated that cell-membrane lipids especially DPPG might be important targets of azalomycin F5a against MRSA.

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Dai, Jie, Narsaiah Battini, Zhonglin Zang, Yan Luo y Chenghe Zhou. "Novel Thiazolylketenyl Quinazolinones as Potential Anti-MRSA Agents and Allosteric Modulator for PBP2a". Molecules 28, n.º 10 (22 de mayo de 2023): 4240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28104240.

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Bacterial infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus have seriously threatened public health. There is an urgent need to propose an existing regimen to overcome multidrug resistance of MRSA. A unique class of novel anti-MRSA thiazolylketenyl quinazolinones (TQs) and their analogs were developed. Some synthesized compounds showed good bacteriostatic potency. Especially TQ 4 was found to exhibit excellent inhibition against MRSA with a low MIC of 0.5 μg/mL, which was 8-fold more effective than norfloxacin. The combination of TQ 4 with cefdinir showed stronger antibacterial potency. Further investigation revealed that TQ 4, with low hemolytic toxicity and low drug resistance, was not only able to inhibit biofilm formation but also could reduce MRSA metabolic activity and showed good drug-likeness. Mechanistic explorations revealed that TQ 4 could cause leakage of proteins by disrupting membrane integrity and block DNA replication by intercalated DNA. Furthermore, the synergistic antibacterial effect with cefdinir might be attributed to TQ 4 with the ability to induce PBP2a allosteric regulation of MRSA and further trigger the opening of the active site to promote the binding of cefdinir to the active site, thus inhibiting the expression of PBP2a, thereby overcoming MRSA resistance and significantly enhancing the anti-MRSA activity of cefdinir. A new strategy provided by these findings was that TQ 4, possessing both excellent anti-MRSA activity and allosteric effect of PBP2a, merited further development as a novel class of antibacterial agents to overcome increasingly severe MRSA infections.

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Dong, Li-Mei, Li-Lan Huang, Hang Dai, Qiao-Lin Xu, Jin-Kui Ouyang, Xu-Chao Jia, Wen-Xiang Gu y Jian-Wen Tan. "Anti-MRSA Sesquiterpenes from the Semi-Mangrove Plant Myoporum bontioides A. Gray". Marine Drugs 16, n.º 11 (8 de noviembre de 2018): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16110438.

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The striking rise of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections has become a serious threat to public health worldwide. In an effort to search for new anti-MRSA agents from natural products, a bioassay-guided phytochemical study was conducted on the semi-mangrove plant Myoporum bontioides A. Gray, which led to the isolation of two new sesquiterpene alkaloids (1 and 2) and six known furanosesquiterpenes (3–8). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive analysis of their 1D, 2D NMR and mass spectroscopic data. These two new alkaloids (1 and 2) displayed potent anti-MRSA activity with MIC value of 6.25 μg/mL. This is the first report of sesquiterpene alkaloids from the plants of Myoporum genus and their anti-MRSA activity.

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Arnould, Jean Claude, Ruth N. Illingworth, Wright W. Nichols y R. Geoffrey Wilson. "Synthesis and antibacterial activity of lipophilic carbapenems with anti-MRSA activity". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 6, n.º 20 (octubre de 1996): 2449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-894x(96)00450-7.

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21

Lee, Young-Seob, Dae-Young Lee, Yeon Bok Kim, Sang-Won Lee, Seon-Woo Cha, Hong-Woo Park, Geum-Soog Kim, Dong-Yeul Kwon, Min-Ho Lee y Sin-Hee Han. "The Mechanism Underlying the Antibacterial Activity of Shikonin against Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/520578.

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Shikonin (SKN), a highly liposoluble naphthoquinone pigment isolated from the roots ofLithospermum erythrorhizon, is known to exert antibacterial, wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, and antitumor effects. The aim of this study was to examine SKN antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA). The SKN was analyzed in combination with membrane-permeabilizing agents Tris and Triton X-100, ATPase inhibitors sodium azide andN,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, andS. aureus-derived peptidoglycan; the effects on MRSA viability were evaluated by the broth microdilution method, time-kill test, and transmission electron microscopy. Addition of membrane-permeabilizing agents or ATPase inhibitors together with a low dose of SKN potentiated SKN anti-MRSA activity, as evidenced by the reduction of MRSA cell density by 75% compared to that observed when SKN was used alone; in contrast, addition of peptidoglycan blocked the antibacterial activity of SKN. The results indicate that the anti-MRSA effect of SKN is associated with its affinity to peptidoglycan, the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane, and the activity of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. This study revealed the potential of SKN as an effective natural antibiotic and of its possible use to substantially reduce the use of existing antibiotic may also be important for understanding the mechanism underlying the antibacterial activity of natural compounds.

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Zhao, Hui, Lu Liu, Lingshuang Yang, Qihui Gu, Ying Li, Jumei Zhang, Shi Wu, Moutong Chen, Xinqiang Xie y Qingping Wu. "Pseudomonas protegens FJKB0103 Isolated from Rhizosphere Exhibits Anti-Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Activity". Microorganisms 10, n.º 2 (28 de enero de 2022): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020315.

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Staphylococcus aureus is amongst the most virulent pathogens, causing chronic and life-threatening human infections. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) are multidrug-resistant strains, and the ability of forming a biofilm reduces their sensitivity to antibiotics. Thus, the alternative compounds inhibiting both resistant strains and biofilm formation are in high demand. In our study, the strain FJKB0103 was isolated from the rhizosphere of Garcinia mangostana, showing strong anti-MRSA activity. We performed molecular phylogenic analysis, analyzed average nucleotide identity (ANI), in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (isDDH), and biochemical characteristics to identify strain FJKB0103 as Pseudomonas protegens. Herein, the genome of strain FJKB0103 was sequenced and subjected to antiSMASH platform, mutational, and functional analyses. The FJKB0103 draft genome was 6,776,967 bp with a 63.4% G + C content, and 16 potential secondary compound biosynthetic clusters in P. protegens FJKB0103 were predicted. The deletion mutant and complementary analysis suggested that DAPG was the anti-MRSA compound. Further tests showed that MRSA strains were sensitive to DAPG, and the lysis of bacterial cells was observed at a high concentration of DAPG. Additionally, DAPG inhibited the biofilm formation of MRSA at subinhibitory concentration. These results suggested that DAPG might be a good alternative treatment to control infections caused by MRSA.

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Bueso-Bordils, Jose I., Pedro A. Alemán-López, Rafael Martín-Algarra, Maria J. Duart, Antonio Falcó y Gerardo M. Antón-Fos. "Molecular Topology for the Search of New Anti-MRSA Compounds". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, n.º 11 (29 de mayo de 2021): 5823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115823.

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The variability of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), its rapid adaptive response against environmental changes, and its continued acquisition of antibiotic resistance determinants have made it commonplace in hospitals, where it causes the problem of multidrug resistance. In this study, we used molecular topology to develop several discriminant equations capable of classifying compounds according to their anti-MRSA activity. Topological indices were used as structural descriptors and their relationship with anti-MRSA activity was determined by applying linear discriminant analysis (LDA) on a group of quinolones and quinolone-like compounds. Four extra equations were constructed, named DFMRSA1, DFMRSA2, DFMRSA3 and DFMRSA4 (DFMRSA was built in a previous study), all with good statistical parameters, such as Fisher–Snedecor F (>68 in all cases), Wilk’s lambda (<0.13 in all cases), and percentage of correct classification (>94% in all cases), which allows a reliable extrapolation prediction of antibacterial activity in any organic compound. The results obtained clearly reveal the high efficiency of combining molecular topology with LDA for the prediction of anti-MRSA activity.

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Alshamsan, Aws, Fadilah Sfouq Aleanizy, Mohamed Badran, Fulwah Yahya Alqahtani, Haya Alfassam, Abdulaziz Almalik y Sara Alosaimy. "Exploring anti-MRSA activity of chitosan-coated liposomal dicloxacillin". Journal of Microbiological Methods 156 (enero de 2019): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2018.11.015.

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D'Andrea, Stan V., Daniel Bonner, Joanne J. Bronson, Junius Clark, Ken Denbleyker, Joan Fung-Tomc, Shelley E. Hoeft et al. "Synthesis and anti-MRSA Activity of Novel Cephalosporin Derivatives". Tetrahedron 56, n.º 31 (julio de 2000): 5687–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00418-x.

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26

MUN, SU-HYUN, OK-HWA KANG, DAE-KI JOUNG, SUNG-BAE KIM, JANG-GI CHOI, DONG-WON SHIN y DONG-YEUL KWON. "In vitro anti-MRSA activity of carvone with gentamicin". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 7, n.º 4 (23 de enero de 2014): 891–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/etm.2014.1498.

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Shin, Dongyun, Seong-Hyuk Park, Sooyoung Park, Chang-Yong Lee y Young-Ger Suh. "Efficient Synthesis of 1-Thiomansonones with Anti-MRSA Activity". Synlett 29, n.º 07 (29 de enero de 2018): 938–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1591894.

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In this study, we developed an efficient and general synthetic strategy for thiaphenalene, a sulfur-containing polyaromatic heterocycle, and applied for the synthesis of 1-thio derivatives of mansonone I and F, natural 1-oxaphenalenic orthoquinones. The pivotal steps for the construction of thiophenalene skeleton include formation of arylsulfide by Newman–Kwart rearrangement of thiocarbamate or palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling, and pericyclic ring closure. Three bioisosterically modified orthoquinones were synthesized and were evaluated for anti-MRSA activity.

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OHTAKE, N., H. IMAMURA, H. KIYONAGA, H. JONA, M. OGAWA, S. OKADA, A. SHIMIZU et al. "ChemInform Abstract: Novel Dithiocarbamate Carbapenems with anti-MRSA Activity." ChemInform 28, n.º 46 (3 de agosto de 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199746236.

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Aunpad, R. y K. Na-Bangchang. "P2085 A novel antimicrobial peptide with anti-MRSA activity". International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 29 (marzo de 2007): S602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-8579(07)71924-6.

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Iobbi, Valeria, Valentina Parisi, Giulia Bernabè, Nunziatina De Tommasi, Angela Bisio y Paola Brun. "Anti-Biofilm Activity of Carnosic Acid from Salvia rosmarinus against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus". Plants 12, n.º 21 (25 de octubre de 2023): 3679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12213679.

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The Salvia rosmarinus “Eretto Liguria” ecotype was studied as a source of valuable bioactive compounds. LC-MS analysis of the methanolic extract underlined the presence of diterpenoids, triterpenoids, polyphenolic acids, and flavonoids. The anti-virulence activity of carnosic acid along with the other most abundant compounds against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was evaluated. Only carnosic acid induced a significant reduction in the expression of agrA and rnaIII genes, which encode the key components of quorum sensing (QS), an intracellular signaling mechanism controlling the virulence of MRSA. At a concentration of 0.05 mg/mL, carnosic acid inhibited biofilm formation by MRSA and the expression of genes involved in toxin production and made MRSA more susceptible to intracellular killing, with no toxic effects on eukaryotic cells. Carnosic acid did not affect biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a human pathogen that often coexists with MRSA in complex infections. The selected ecotype showed a carnosic acid content of 94.3 ± 4.3 mg/g. In silico analysis highlighted that carnosic acid potentially interacts with the S. aureus AgrA response regulator. Our findings suggest that carnosic acid could be an anti-virulence agent against MRSA infections endowed with a species-specific activity useful in multi-microbial infections.

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Jieputra, Alden, Marijam Purwanta, Arifa Mustika y Wiwin Retnowati. "In vitro Antimicrobial Activity Test of Zingiber officinale var. rubrum Rhizome Extract against Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)". JUXTA: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga 15, n.º 1 (10 de enero de 2024): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/juxta.v15i12024.57-63.

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Highlights: Staphylococcus aureus, particularly MRSA, had developed rapid resistance against antibiotics like beta-lactams. Red ginger is believed to be antibacterial against MSSA and MRSA in vitro. Red ginger rhizome extracts displayed weak activity against MSSA and MRSA. Abstract Introduction: Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) is a traditional herb that is believed to possess antibacterial properties. Throughout the years, Staphylococcus aureus has developed resistance to a broad range of antibiotics, including beta-lactams, particularly in the form of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). As treatment options dwindle, it is urgent to formulate novel antibiotics. This study aimed to examine the antibacterial activity of the ginger rhizome ethanol extract against Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and MRSA. Methods: This study was performed according to the post-test-only control group design. Through a good diffusion assay, the anti-MSSA and anti-MRSA activity of the red ginger extract concentrations (100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6.25%) was observed by measuring the diameter of the clear inhibition zones. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and an antibiotic disc were added as control groups. Results: The red ginger extracts produced inhibition zones on both MSSA and MRSA. However, the antibacterial activity was considered weak (<12 mm). The concentration of the extract appeared to linearly affect its antibacterial activity against MSSA and MRSA. On MSSA, the 12.5% extract results differed significantly from those of the 100% and 50% extracts. Meanwhile, on MRSA, the extracts seemed to yield significantly different outcomes when compared to each other, except for the comparisons between 50%-25% and 12.5%-6.25%. Conclusion: Zingiber officinale var. rubrum rhizome extracts showed weak antibacterial activity against MSSA and MRSA.

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Prasad, H. S. Nagendra, A. P. Ananda, Amogh Mukarambi, Navyatha Prashanth Gaonkar, S. Sumathi, H. P. Spoorthy y P. Mallu. "Design, synthesis, and anti-bacterial activities of piperazine based phthalimide derivatives against superbug-Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus". Current Chemistry Letters 12, n.º 1 (2023): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.ccl.2022.9.005.

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A series of piperazine-based phthalimide derivatives 5 (a-l) were synthesized and extensively characterized using a variety of spectrum methods, including LC-MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and FT-IR. All the derivatives were examined for their physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, bio-activity score, and PASS analysis. The 5e piperazine-based phthalimide derivative demonstrated promising antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the in vitro antibacterial studies. In comparison to streptomycin and bacitracin (10 µg/mL), the minimum inhibitory concentration of 5e against MRSA was discovered to be 45±0.15 micro g/ml. The anti-MRSA activity was validated with membrane damage studies by using SEM, and in silico docking studies were against 3VMT and 6FTB proteins of MRSA. In the toxicity study, 5e derivatives were evaluated against L6 cell lines. The results of the studies show the synthesized 2-(2-(4-((4-chlorophenyl) sulfonyl) piperazin-1-yl) ethyl) isoindoline-1,3-dione (5e) can be used for the development of anti-MRSA drugs.

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Chabán, Macarena Funes, Antonia I Antoniou, Catherine Karagianni, Dimitra Toumpa, Mariana Belén Joray, José Luis Bocco, Claudia Sola, Constantinos M Athanassopoulos y María Cecilia Carpinella. "Synthesis and structure–activity relationships of novel abietane diterpenoids with activity against Staphylococcus aureus". Future Medicinal Chemistry 11, n.º 24 (diciembre de 2019): 3109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/fmc-2019-0192.

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Aim: To find alternative compounds against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), novel derivatives from dehydroabietic acid were synthesized. Methods & results: Compound 12 was the most effective against 15 MRSA and 11 MSSA with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 3.9 to 15.6 μg/ml. Although less active than 12, compound 11, followed by 25 and 13, also exhibited anti-staphylococcal activity. Additional studies showed that compound 12 is devoid of toxic effect on non-target cells. A structure–activity relationship study revealed that an oxime at C-13 together with a hydroxyl at C-12 could play a key role in the activity. Conclusion: These structures, in particular compound 12, could arise as templates for the development of agents against MRSA and MSSA.

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Saravanakumar, Kandasamy, Ramachandran Chelliah, Xiaowen Hu, Deog-Hwan Oh, Kandasamy Kathiresan y Myeong-Hyeon Wang. "Antioxidant, Anti-Lung Cancer, and Anti-Bacterial Activities of Toxicodendron vernicifluum". Biomolecules 9, n.º 4 (29 de marzo de 2019): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9040127.

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This work tested antioxidant, anti-lung cancer, and antibacterial activities by in vitro, in vivo, and computational experiments for the metabolites extracted from the bark, seed, and stem of Toxicodendron vernicifluum. The results showed that all the extracts significantly scavenged 1,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in a dose-dependent manner. But, the total phenol content (TPC) ranged from 2.12 to 89.25% and total flavonoids content (TFC) ranged from 1.02 to 15.62% in the extracts. The methanolic bark extract (MBE) exhibited higher DPPH scavenging activity than the other extracts, probably due to the higher content of the TPC and TFC present in it. Among the extracts, only the MBE showed anti-lung cancer activity at an acceptable level with a therapeutic index value (22.26) against human lung carcinoma. This was due to the cancer cell death in A549 induced by MBE through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, and cell arrest in G1 phase and inhibition of anti-pro-apoptotic protein survivin. Among the extracts, MBE showed significantly higher antibacterial activity as evident through the higher zone of inhibition 13 ± 0.5 mm against methycilin resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Salmonila enteria subp. enterica, and P. aeruginosa, 11 ± 0.3 mm against E. coli and 10 ± 0.2 mm against B. cereus. The MBE also showed an excellent antibacterial activity with lower minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Particularly, the MBE showed more significant antibacterial activity in MRSA. The in vivo antibacterial activity of the MBE was further tested in C. elegans model. The treatment of the MRSA induced cell disruption, damage and increased mortality of C. elegans as compared to the untreated and MBE treated C. elegans with normal OP50 diet. Moreover, the MBE treatment enhanced the survival of the MRSA infected C. elegans. The compounds, such as 2,3,3-trimethyl-Octane and benzoic from the MBE, metabolized the novel bacterial topoisomerases inhibitor (NBTI) and MRSA related protein (PBP2a). Overall the T. vernicifluum is potentially bioactive as evident by antioxidant, anti-lung cancer, and antibacterial assays. Further studies were targeted on the purification of the novel compounds for the clinical evaluation.

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Iizawa, Yuji, Junko Nagai, Tomoyasu Ishikawa, Shohei Hashiguchi, Masafumi Nakao, Akio Miyake y Kenji Okonogi. "In vitro antimicrobial activity of T-91825, a novel anti-MRSA cephalosporin, and in vivo anti-MRSA activity of its prodrug, TAK-599". Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy 10, n.º 3 (2004): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10156-004-0309-3.

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Tsuchiya, Hironori, Masaru Sato, Nobuhiko Takaai y Munekazu Iinuma. "Phytotherapy for mixed MRSA infections: anti-MRSA and anti-candidal activity of chalcones and the combiotic effect with antibiotics." Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 71 (1996): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-5198(19)37424-4.

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Berti, Andrew D., George Sakoulas, Victor Nizet, Ryan Tewhey y Warren E. Rose. "β-Lactam Antibiotics Targeting PBP1 Selectively Enhance Daptomycin Activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, n.º 10 (29 de julio de 2013): 5005–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00594-13.

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ABSTRACTThe activity of daptomycin (DAP) against methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is enhanced in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of antistaphylococcal β-lactam antibiotics by an undefined mechanism. Given the variability in the penicillin-binding protein (PBP)-binding profiles of different β-lactam antibiotics, the purpose of this study was to examine the relative enhancement of DAP activity against MRSA by different β-lactam antibiotics to determine if a specific PBP-binding profile is associated with the ability to enhance the anti-MRSA activity of DAP. We determined that both broad- and narrow-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics known to exhibit PBP1 binding demonstrated potent enhancement of DAP anti-MRSA activity, whereas β-lactam antibiotics with minimal PBP1 binding (cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, cefaclor, and cefotaxime) were less effective. We suspect that PBP1 disruption by β-lactam antibiotics affects pathways of cell division inS. aureusthat may be a compensatory response to DAP membrane insertion, resulting in DAP hypersusceptibility.

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Fadhlina, Anis y Hassan Ibrahim Sheikh. "Anti-MRSA activity of Stereospermum fimbriatum’s stem bark extracted using subcritical and supercritical carbon dioxide". IIUM Journal of Orofacial and Health Sciences 4, n.º 2 (31 de julio de 2023): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/ijohs.v4i2.221.

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Antibiotic resistance is a major challenge in healthcare, and this is further worsened by the presence of the dreadful Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. This has urged scientists to find new effective antimicrobial drugs. Earth is enriched with natural resources such as plants that have been used traditionally to cure diseases. Stereospermum fimbriatum or “Chicha” had been used traditionally to treat several illnesses such as stomachache, earache, itchy skin, and postpartum illness. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the antibacterial potential of S. fimbriatum’s stem bark against MRSA. Subcritical (Sub-CO2) and supercritical carbon dioxide (Sup-CO2) extractions were used to extract the stem bark, with and without the addition of co-solvent (ethanol). The antimicrobial assay was carried out using disc diffusion (200, 400 and 600 µg/disc), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests. There was no anti-MRSA activity observed on both the Sub-CO2 and Sup-CO2 extracts without 10% ethanol. The most potent anti-MRSA was observed by the Sup-CO2 extract with 10% ethanol with the MIC value of 500 µg/mL. Therefore, the use of ethanol (10 %) in the extraction increased the antibacterial activity of the S. fimbriatum’s extract against MRSA. These research findings could potentially facilitate future investigations into the utilization of green extraction methods to uncover promising antibacterial agents that can effectively target MRSA, a formidable pathogen. Future studies on the other parts of S. fimbriatum, its potential toxicity, and the possible mechanisms of action are needed to investigate its promising therapeutic values on MRSA infections.

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Tang, Kai-Wei, Shih-Chun Yang y Chih-Hua Tseng. "Design, Synthesis, and Anti-Bacterial Evaluation of Triazolyl-Pterostilbene Derivatives". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, n.º 18 (14 de septiembre de 2019): 4564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184564.

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Staphylococcus aureus resistance to current antibiotics has become the greatest global challenge facing public health. The development of new antimicrobial agents is urgent and important and is needed to provide additional therapeutic options. In our previous study, we found out that pterostilbene exhibited potent antibacterial activity, especially against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). According to previous studies, 1,2,3-triazole, with the characteristic of increasing the interaction with the target readily and enhancing water solubility, were widely used in the approved anti-bacterial drugs. Therefore, these results attract our interest to use the structure of pterostilbene as a scaffold for the hybrid 1,2,3-triazole moiety to develop a novel anti-MRSA infection agent. In this study, we demonstrated the design and synthesis of a series of triazolylpterostilbene derivatives. Among these compounds, compound 4d exhibited the most potent anti-MRSA activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 1.2–2.4 μg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value of 19.5–39 μg/mL. The structure–activity relationship and antibacterial mechanism were investigated in this study. Molecular docking studies were carried out to verify and rationalize the biological results. In this study, the results confirmed that our design could successfully increase the inhibitory activity and specificity against MRSA. Compound 4d could be used as a candidate for anti-bacterial agents and in depth vivo studies should be further investigated.

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Jalil, Mohd Taufiq Mat, Nurul Aili Zakaria y Darah Ibrahim. "Effect of Culture Medium Incorporated with Ocimum sanctum Extract in Enhancing Anti-MRSA activity of Endophytic Fungus, Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae". Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, n.º 3 (31 de julio de 2021): 1398–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.3.32.

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The effect of incorporating plant extract in the culture medium on anti-MRSA activity of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae IBRL OS-64, was investigated in the present study. On disk diffusion assay, the ethyl acetate fungal extract from culture medium supplemented with host plant extract (HPE) of Ocimum sanctum leaves demonstrated good anti-MRSA activity with a diameter inhibition zone of 22.6±0.6 mm. Meanwhile, the minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) values of the extract from YES broth and YES broth incorporated with HPE were 1000 µg/mL and 250 µg/mL, respectively. The MBC values were 8000 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL, respectively. The YES + HPE extracts exerted bactericidal effect against the test bacteria since the MBC/MIC ratio was less than or equal to 4. The time-kill study revealed a 90% of growth reduction of MRSA ATCC 33591 after 16 h exposure to the fungal extract cultured in YES + HPE. Ironically, for fungal extract grown in YES broth, time-kill curve showed a regrowth pattern of bacterial cells after 24 h exposed to the extract. Therefore, the present study suggested that the addition of HPE in the culture medium could enhance the anti-MRSA activity of endophytic fungus, L. pseudotheobromae IBRL OS-64 against MRSA ATCC 33591.

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Johari, Saiful Azmi, Mastura Mohtar, Sharifah Aminah Syed Mohammad, Rohana Sahdan, Zurina Shaameri, Ahmad Sazali Hamzah y Mohd Fazli Mohammat. "In VitroInhibitory and Cytotoxic Activity of MFM 501, a Novel Codonopsinine Derivative, against Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusClinical Isolates". BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/823829.

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28 new pyrrolidine types of compounds as analogues for natural polyhydroxy alkaloids of codonopsinine were evaluated for their anti-MRSA activity using MIC and MBC value determination assay against a panel ofS. aureusisolates. One pyrrolidine compound, MFM 501, exhibited good inhibitory activity with MIC value of 15.6 to 31.3 μg/mL against 55S. aureusisolates (43 MRSA and 12 MSSA isolates). The active compound also displayed MBC values between 250 and 500 μg/mL against 58S. aureusisolates (45 MRSA and 13 MSSA isolates) implying that MFM 501 has a bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal effect against both MRSA and MSSA isolates. In addition, MFM 501 showed no apparent cytotoxicity activity towards three normal cell lines (WRL-68, Vero, and 3T3) with IC50values of >625 µg/mL. Selectivity index (SI) of MFM 501 gave a value of >10 suggesting that MFM 501 is significant and suitable for furtherin vivoinvestigations. These results suggested that synthetically derived intermediate compounds based on natural products may play an important role in the discovery of new anti-infective agents against MRSA.

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Ramya K A, Anu S. Sanker, Harish Kumar K. S, Shinu Krishnan y Neethu Babu. "Antibacterial Activity of Silver, Gold and AmoxicillinSilver Nanoparticles against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - an invitro Study". International Journal of Current Research and Review 15, n.º 10 (2023): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31782/ijcrr.2023.151001.

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Introduction: Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, a multi drug resistant bacterium is responsible for a broad spectrum of human and animal diseases ranging from skin infections to severe disorders as pneumonia, endocarditis and septicemia causing morbidity and mortality worldwide. This has led to growing interest in exploring novel methods to treat increasing drug resistance. Aim/Objectives: Aim of our study was to determine the anti-MRSA activity of silver and gold nanoparticles alone, also combination of amoxicillin and silver nanoparticles combination. Materials and Methods: The antimicrobial activity of silver and gold nanoparticles was evaluated using Disc diffusion method and amoxicillin in combination with silver nanoparticles by determining the colony forming units. Results: Silver nanoparticles showed anti-MRSA activity whereas gold nanoparticles, amoxicillin and silver nanoparticles combination showed no activity against MRSA clinical isolates.

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Subramaniam, Geetha, Rayshen Renganaden Poolee Cootee, Cheah Cheng Han y Lalita Ambigai Sivasamugham. "ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF Trigonella foenum-graecum AGAINST SKIN PATHOGENS". Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 9, Spl-1- GCSGD_2020 (25 de marzo de 2021): S110—S115. http://dx.doi.org/10.18006/2021.9(spl-1-gcsgd_2020).s110.s115.

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The increase in antibiotic resistance globally necessitates the search for alternative therapeutic agents. Among the common antibiotic-resistant bacteria, MRSA and MRSE cause a wide range of infections with limited treatment options. Trigonella foenum-graecum has been widely used particularly in Asian countries in food and as a supplement. In this study, the anti-bacterial activity of T. foenum-graecum essential oil, boiled aqueous and ethanolic extracts was determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Propionibacterium acnes, MRSA, and MRSE by using the agar well diffusion assay. For determination of the zone of inhibition, Clindamycin (2 µg/disc) was used as a comparison for the anti-bacterial susceptibility results. The maximum zone of inhibition was observed with the boiled aqueous extracts of T. foenum-graecum against MRSA (20 mm), while the essential oil and ethanolic extracts of T. foenum-graecum did not show any zones of inhibition against all the tested staphylococcal and P. acnes isolates. Qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids and terpenoids in all three extracts tested, among these boiled aqueous extract contained the highest number of phytochemicals which could account for the higher anti-bacterial activity exhibited by the boiled aqueous extracts. Hence, the T. foenum-graecum seeds show a potential application as an anti-bacterial agent against skin pathogens, particularly in the formulation of a skincare product.

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Wei, Guoxing y Yun He. "Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Novel Cyclic Peptides against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n.º 14 (21 de julio de 2022): 8029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23148029.

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has led to serious infections, especially in hospitals and clinics, where treatment and prevention have become more difficult due to the formation of biofilms. Owing to biofilm-derived antibiotic tolerance, the currently available traditional antibiotics have failed to treat MRSA infections. Hence, there is a urgent need to develop novel antibiotics for treating life-threatening MRSA infections. Lugdunin (cyclic peptide-1), a nonribosomal cyclic peptide produced by Staphylococcus lugdunensis, exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against MRSA. Amazingly, cyclic peptide-1 and its analogues cyclic peptide-11 and cyclic peptide-14 have the ability to disperse mature MRSA biofilms and show anti-clinical MRSA activity, including MRSA persister cells. In addition, these three cyclic peptide compounds have non-toxicity, lower hemolytic activity and lack of resistance development. Our results indicate that cyclic peptide-1, cyclic peptide-11, and cyclic peptide-14 have great potential as new antimicrobial drug candidates for the treatment of clinical MRSA infections.

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Aguilera-Correa, John Jairo, Sara Fernández-López, Iskra Dennisse Cuñas-Figueroa, Sandra Pérez-Rial, Hanna-Leena Alakomi, Liisa Nohynek, Kirsi-Marja Oksman-Caldentey et al. "Sanguiin H-6 Fractionated from Cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus) Seeds Can Prevent the Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Development during Wound Infection". Antibiotics 10, n.º 12 (3 de diciembre de 2021): 1481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10121481.

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Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of surgical site infections and its treatment is challenging due to the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Natural berry-derived compounds have shown antimicrobial potential, e.g., ellagitannins such as sanguiin H-6 and lambertianin C, the main phenolic compounds in Rubus seeds, have shown antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sanguiin H-6 and lambertianin C fractionated from cloudberry seeds, on the MRSA growth, and as treatment of a MRSA biofilm development in different growth media in vitro and in vivo by using a murine wound infection model where sanguiin H-6 and lambertianin C were used to prevent the MRSA infection. Sanguiin H-6 and lambertianin C inhibited the in vitro biofilm development and growth of MRSA. Furthermore, sanguiin H-6 showed significant anti-MRSA effect in the in vivo wound model. Our study shows the possible use of sanguiin H-6 as a preventive measure in surgical sites to avoid postoperative infections, whilst lambertianin C showed no anti-MRSA activity.

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Walter, Sunette. "Antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties of Aptosimum albomarginatum(Marloth& Engl.) and Dicoma schinzii(O. Hoffm.) crude methanolic extracts against S. aureus and MRSA." Namibian Journal for Research, Science and Technology 3, n.º 1 (31 de mayo de 2021): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.54421/njrst.v3i1.44.

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Background: The effectiveness of phytomedicine is often questioned by scientists. This study therefore aimed to test crude methanolic extracts from two traditional medicinal plants currently being used in Namibia for their antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Materials and methods: Aptosimum albomarginatum (Marloth & Engl.) roots and Dicoma schinzii (O. Hoffm.) roots and leaves were used to prepare crude methanolic extracts by maceration, filtration, rotary evaporation and freeze-drying. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to detect flavonoids, saponins and anthraquinones in the plant material. For antibacterial activity, two S. aureus reference strains (one susceptible and one multi-drug resistant MRSA) and 10 S. aureus nasal isolates from school children were used in disk diffusion assays with crude methanolic plant extracts. The microtiter plate assay with crystal violet stain was used to determine if these extracts could inhibit and/or eradicate bacterial biofilms. Results: Aptosimum albomarginatum root extract displayed moderately antibacterial activity against five nasal isolates (one MRSA isolate) and two reference strains, of which one was multi-drug resistant MRSA. This extract was also the best biofilm inhibition agent, with highly active inhibition (86.0%) observed in S. aureus ATCC 33591 (MRSA). Dicoma schinzii root extract had moderate antibacterial activity against six nasal isolates and the two reference strains; its leaf extract was moderately active against two nasal isolates. The D. schinzii leaf extract moderately inhibited biofilms in two nasal isolates and S. aureus ATCC 25923. Flavonoids and saponins detected in both the roots and leaves of the two plants may have contributed to the extracts’ antibacterial and antibiofilm activity. Conclusion: Aptosimum albomarginatum roots and D. schinzii roots and leaves displayed anti-staphylococcal activity, indicating potential use against staphylococcal infections involving the bacteria under study. Noteworthy is both antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties of A. albomarginatum root extract against MRSA.

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Sunazuka, T., A. Sugawara, K. Nagai, T. Hirose, Y. Yamaguchi, H. Hanaki, K. B. Sharpless y S. Omura. "‘Click Chemistry’ Synthesis of Macrolide Derivatives with Anti-MRSA and Anti-VRE Activity". International Journal of Infectious Diseases 12 (diciembre de 2008): e256-e257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.694.

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Mi, Qi-Li, Wei-Shong Kong, Yin-Ke Li, Xin Liu, Wan-Li Zeng, Hai-Ying Xiang, Dong Miao et al. "Chromone Derivatives Of Cassia pumila and their Anti-MRSA Activity". Chemistry of Natural Compounds 57, n.º 3 (mayo de 2021): 432–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-021-03381-3.

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Kriushnapriya, S., N. S. Malathy, A. Shamitha Begum, A. C. Baskaran, B. Appalaraju, K. Mani y K. A. Kandhaswamy. "Anti-MRSA activity of aldehyde Schiff base N-aryl thiosemicarbazones". British Journal of Biomedical Science 66, n.º 1 (enero de 2009): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09674845.2009.11730238.

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Sawada, Hiromi, Kenji Onoda, Daichi Morita, Erika Ishitsubo, Kenji Matsuno, Hiroaki Tokiwa, Teruo Kuroda y Hiroyuki Miyachi. "Structure–anti-MRSA activity relationship of macrocyclic bis(bibenzyl) derivatives". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 23, n.º 24 (diciembre de 2013): 6563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.10.069.

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