Bibliografías temáticas / Anthers

Literatura académica sobre el tema "Anthers"

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Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 21 de febrero de 2023

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Anthers"

1

Winn, Zachary James, Dylan Lee Larkin, Jamison Trey Murry, David Earl Moon y Richard Esten Mason. "Phenotyping Anther Extrusion of Wheat Using Image Analysis". Agronomy 11, n.º 6 (19 de junio de 2021): 1244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061244.

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Phenotyping wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is time-consuming and new methods are necessary to decrease labor. To develop a heterotic pool of male wheat lines for hybrid breeding, there must be an efficient way to measure both anther extrusion and the size of anthers. Five hundred and ninety-four soft red winter wheat lines in two replications of randomized complete block design were phenotyped for anther extrusion, a key trait for hybrid wheat production. A device was constructed to capture images using a mobile device. Four heads were sampled per line when anthesis was evident for half the heads in the plot. The extruded anthers were scraped onto a surface, their image was captured, and the area of the anthers was taken via ImageJ. The number of anthers extruded was estimated by counting the number of anthers per image and dividing by the number of heads sampled. The area per anther was taken by dividing the area of anthers per spike by the number of anthers per spike. A significant correlation (R=0.9, p<0.0001) was observed between the area of anthers per spike and the number of anthers per spike. This method is proposed as a substitute for field ratings of anther extrusion and to quantitatively measure the size of anthers.
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2

Dwivedi, Sharad K., Sahana Basu, Santosh Kumar, Surbhi Kumari, Alok Kumar, Sneha Jha, Janki S. Mishra, Bhagwati P. Bhatt y Gautam Kumar. "Enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities in developing anther contributes to heat stress alleviation and sustains grain yield in wheat". Functional Plant Biology 46, n.º 12 (2019): 1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp19016.

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Climatic variations along with a rise in temperature during the winter season impose severe heat stress during the anthesis stage of spring wheat, resulting in severe yield losses. The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of heat stress on redox homeostasis in developing anthers and flag leaves of wheat. Five Indian bread wheat genotypes were studied under field conditions during the dry season, with two extreme sowing dates (timely and very late sown) to explore the effect of heat stress on anthesis stage. Results showed that elevated temperature during anthesis caused significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation in developing anthers, triggering pollen mortality. Moreover, defective source (leaf) to the sink (anthers) mobilisation of starch also contributes in reducing pollen viability. However, ROS-induced oxidative damage of developing anthers under heat stress varied among the wheat genotypes depending upon differential antioxidant enzyme activities. Wheat genotype with enhanced antioxidant activities and reduced ROS built up in developing anthers sustained their grain yield, suggesting thermo-tolerance in wheat to be associated with antioxidant enzyme-mediated improved ROS-scavenging mechanism not only in leaves even in developing anther also. In the present study, heat stressed wheat genotype WH 730 exhibited effective source to sink mobilisation and sustainable grain yield with improved ROS scavenging, conferring greater potential for heat tolerance. We conclude that redox homeostasis and balanced source sink activity played a significant role for sustainable yield and heat tolerance in wheat.
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3

Summers, William L., Juan Jaramillo y Theodore Bailey. "Microspore Developmental Stage and Anther Length Influence the Induction of Tomato Anther Callus". HortScience 27, n.º 7 (julio de 1992): 838–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.7.838.

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Anthers of L-680A', `Licato', and `Ailsa Craig' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were plated on Doy's basal medium 1 to determine whether microspore developmental stage and anther length influence anther callus production. Although calli were induced at all stages of anther development, anthers containing prophase I-stage microspores produced the highest frequency of calli. Fewer calli were produced as microspores approached the uninucleate and binucleate pollen stage. Callus diameter also decreased as anther development progressed. Significantly larger calli were produced from prophase I than later-stage anthers. Time of anther harvest (morning vs. afternoon) did not significantly affect callus number or diameter. Anther and flower bud length both were significantly correlated with anther developmental stage, the number of anthers producing calli, and mean calli diameter. In each case, anther length exhibited a significantly better correlation than bud length.
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4

Telles, Francismeire Jane, Cristian Luan Klunk, Fabiano Rodrigo da Maia, Vinícius Lourenço Garcia de Brito y Isabela Galarda Varassin. "Towards a new understanding of the division of labour in heterantherous flowers: the case of Pterolepis glomerata (Melastomataceae)". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 131, n.º 1 (5 de agosto de 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa107.

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Abstract Pollen-flowers with heteromorphic stamens have been shown to promote an intrafloral division of labour as a solution to fitness costs arising from pollen consumption by bees, known as the pollen dilemma. Usually, the division is based on morphological differences in anther and pollen traits that correlate with stamen function: pollinating anthers are larger and contain more and higher-quality pollen grains than feeding anthers. Here, we present a new strategy based on a high investment in reward production and thus attraction, in the heterantherous Pterolepis glomerata, to overcome short flower longevity and maintain reproductive success. In P. glomerata small feeding anthers not only produced more pollen grains and more grains with cytoplasmic content, but also released more pollen than pollinating anthers after a single visit. This pattern was consistent until the end of floral anthesis, showing the existence of pollen-dosing mechanisms. Bees equally visited flowers with yellow feeding anthers and pollinating anthers with yellow connective appendages, indicating a visual similarity, as predicted by bee vision modelling. Our results demonstrate that the division of labour might have different outcomes. Instead of the classical expectation of more investment in reproductive pollen in pollinating stamens, P. glomerata invested more in attraction and reward in feeding stamens.
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5

Wei, Dongmei, Huimin Xu y Ruili Li. "Dynamics of Polysaccharides and Neutral Lipids during Anther Development in Castor (Ricinus communis)". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 140, n.º 4 (julio de 2015): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.140.4.356.

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Anthers contain starch and neutral lipids, which have key roles in microspore ontogeny and gametophyte development. In this study, we observed the dynamic changes in starch and neutral lipids in the anther developmental processes of castor (Ricinus communis) by cytochemical methods. Starch grains and neutral lipids presented a regular dynamic distribution during anther development. In young anthers, some neutral lipids accumulated in sporogenous cells, whereas neutral lipids disappeared with microspore growth. At the late microspore stage, starch grains began to accumulate in microspores, and the starch content of bicellular pollen significantly increased after microspore mitosis. At anthesis, starch grains and neutral lipids accumulated in the mature pollen grains. Visible changes occurred in anther wall cells. The epidermis, middle layer, and tapetum were degenerated, and only a single layer of endothecium remained at anthesis. The dynamic variation of starch grains and neutral lipids in tapetal cells was consistent with the changes in microspores and pollen during anther development. All these findings demonstrated that tapetal cells directly interacted with the developing gametophytes. The tapetal cells play an important role in supplying nutritional substances for microspore absorption. Moreover, the endothecium protects the pollen and contributes to anther dehiscence. The results of this study provide a foundation for the further research on sexual reproduction in angiosperms.
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6

Rogozińska, Janina y Maria Gośka. "Attempts to induce haploids in anther cultures of sugar, fodder and wild species of beet". Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 51, n.º 1 (2014): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1982.009.

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In the present investigation, aimed at obtaining beet haploids from anthers, the effect of mineral media, potato and sugar beet extract and p-fluorophenylalanine (PFP) in combination with growth substances was tested. Nutrient-starved plants as anther-donors, anther-starvation, cold treatment and photoperiod were also analysed. On all mineral media the anthers produced callus and roots; however, the percentage depended on the combination of growth substances used. The best medium for differentiation was that of Linsmaier and Skoog with 25 µM zeatin or 6-(3-methyl-2-butenylamino)purine with 5 µM naphthalene-l-acetic acid (25.5%). The addition of PFP caused an increase in the percentage of anther differentiation (41.6%). Besides callus and roots on one of the anthers (in ca. 140000 tested), vegetative buds were formed from which numerous plants were obtained (2n). Plant and anther nutrient starvation did not improve the anther response to differentiation, nor did it induce haploid development, similarly as cold treatment of inflorescences or isolated anthers. The anthers of wild species showed lower ability to differentiate than those of sugar or fodder beets. Cytological analyses showed formation of multicellular structures until ca. the 12-th day of anther culture; afterwards, they degenerated.
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7

Liu, Gang, Zhongping Zha, Haiya Cai, Dandan Qin, Haitao Jia, Changyan Liu, Dongfeng Qiu et al. "Dynamic Transcriptome Analysis of Anther Response to Heat Stress during Anthesis in Thermotolerant Rice (Oryza sativa L.)". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, n.º 3 (10 de febrero de 2020): 1155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21031155.

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High temperature at anthesis is one of the most serious stress factors for rice (Oryza sativa L.) production, causing irreversible yield losses and reduces grain quality. Illustration of thermotolerance mechanism is of great importance to accelerate rice breeding aimed at thermotolerance improvement. Here, we identified a new thermotolerant germplasm, SDWG005. Microscopical analysis found that stable anther structure of SDWG005 under stress may contribute to its thermotolerance. Dynamic transcriptomic analysis totally identified 3559 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in SDWG005 anthers at anthesis under heat treatments, including 477, 869, 2335, and 2210 for 1, 2, 6, and 12 h, respectively; however, only 131 were regulated across all four-time-points. The DEGs were divided into nine clusters according to their expressions in these heat treatments. Further analysis indicated that some main gene categories involved in heat-response of SDWG005 anthers, such as transcription factors, nucleic acid and protein metabolisms related genes, etc. Comparison with previous studies indicates that a core gene-set may exist for thermotolerance mechanism. Expression and polymorphic analysis of agmatine-coumarin-acyltransferase gene OsACT in different accessions suggested that it may involve in SDWG005 thermotolerance. This study improves our understanding of thermotolerance mechanisms in rice anthers during anthesis, and also lays foundation for breeding thermotolerant varieties via molecular breeding.
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8

Yang, Shujuan, Li Peng, Han Bao y Huiqiao Tian. "Cytological Features of Developing Anthers in Rose Balsam". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 143, n.º 2 (marzo de 2018): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs04303-17.

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Our goal was to determine the ultrastructure features and the dynamic changes in polysaccharides and neutral lipids in developing anthers of rose balsam (Impatiens balsamina), and to better understand the mechanisms controlling male reproductive development. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) techniques were used to study the ultrastructural characteristics of the anthers, and histochemical methods were used to determine levels of polysaccharides and lipids. The cytokinesis in the microsporocyte meiosis was simultaneous type, and microspore tetrads were mainly tetrahedral. The pollen exine began to form at the tetrad stage. The mature pollen grains were oval-shaped and bicellular. Accumulation of reserve substances began at the late microsporogenesis stage, and an abundance of starch grains and lipids were stored in pollen grains at anthesis. Polysaccharides and lipids changed in different stages and played an important role in anther development. Moreover, the calcium oxalate crystals may protect the pollen and suggest that calcium distribution is related to anther development.
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9

Baucom, Regina S., Rodney Mauricio y Shu-Mei Chang. "Glyphosate induces transient male sterility in Ipomoea purpurea". Botany 86, n.º 6 (junio de 2008): 587–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b08-035.

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Plant death is the most common effect resulting from the application of glyphosate, the active ingredient in the herbicide Roundup®. Individual seedlings of the morning glory, Ipomoea purpurea L. Roth, however, have been shown to exhibit tolerance to glyphosate, surviving after what should have been a lethal dose. Those that grow and reach reproductive maturity often exhibit deformed anthers within what appear to be normally developed flowers. Ipomoea purpurea has a mixed mating system and normally has hermaphroditic flowers that are capable of both selfing and outcrossing. The deformed anthers do not produce pollen, essentially converting a hermaphroditic flower to a female. Here we describe this morphological change and investigate the reproductive consequences of anther deformation. First, there is phenotypic variation for the propensity of an individual to exhibit male sterility through deformed anthers in response to treatment, but a series of field and greenhouse studies suggest that this variation is not genetic. The male sterility is also transient; within an individual, the frequency of flowers with deformed anthers declines over time. Although flowers with deformed anthers do not produce pollen, we observed mixed effects on female function of such flowers. In the greenhouse, flowers with deformed anthers that were hand-pollinated produced as many seeds as flowers with normal anthers, suggesting no effect on female fertility. In the field, however, plants with a higher proportion of anther deformation set significantly fewer seeds than those untreated, suggesting either reduced female fertility, or a reproductive penalty in flowers with deformed anthers due to the inability to self pollinate. Thus, the presence of this trait could alter the selfing to outcrossing ratio in populations that are sprayed with the herbicide. Individuals that exhibited a higher proportion of anther deformation also produce fewer total flowers than untreated plants, suggesting that anther deformation is part of a suite of responses to damage by glyphosate.
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10

Góral, Halina, Mirosław Tyrka, Stefan Stojałowski y Maria Wędzony. "Variability in expression of male fertility in triticale (Xtriticosecale wittmack) with Triticum timopheevi cytoplasm". Plant Breeding and Seed Science 60, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2009): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10129-010-0003-9.

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Variability in expression of male fertility in triticale (Xtriticosecalewittmack) withTriticum timopheevicytoplasmWe present a reliable, visual method for evaluation of the level of male fertility during flowering, that is indispensable for breeding of hybrid cultivars of winter triticale based on the cms-T.timopheevisystem. Detailed observations of anther development were performed on 20 F2and BC1plants derived from crosses between male-sterile and fertility restoring lines. Variation of anther development within florets, spikelets, spikes, and among spikes of the same plant was examined. Hierarchic analysis showed significant role of these factors in determination of anther development, irrespective of the level of plant fertility. The sterilizing effect of cytoplasm was always better visible in the tip and base spikelets of the spike, in the third floret, and the anther adjacent to the floret axis. Our data indicate that during selection toward male-sterile plants at anthesis, at least 5 spikes should be evaluated. Special attention should be paid to the development of the anthers at the 2ndand 7thspikelet of the spike along with the variability in anther development within spikelet and floret. The anthers in the tip and base spikelets of the spike must be precisely evaluated during selection toward restorer lines.
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Tesis sobre el tema "Anthers"

1

Jacobowitz, Joseph(Joseph R. ). "Reverse genetic approaches reveal gene redundancy in Arabidopsis anthers". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129041.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 2020
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
When aquatic plants migrated to land 500 million years ago, they were met with harsh conditions associated with terrestrial life, such as dry air, high radiance light, and high effective gravity. Early plants of this time period underwent rapid evolution to develop novel plant traits to mitigate these challenges - these traits remain highly conserved in modern land plants. Among the most important of these traits is the biosynthesis of a unique polymer known as sporopollenin, which protects the vulnerable plant spore and pollen grain. Sporopollenin is considered to be the toughest known biopolymer and although chemists and botanists have studied this remarkable material for over a century, relatively little is known about sporopollenin compared to other major plant biopolymers. In this thesis, I employ reverse genetic approaches to identify novel Arabidopsis genes that are responsible for sporopollenin biosynthesis. With these methods, I identify a previously unstudied gene, hereby known as IPE2 , which acts redundantly with IPE1 in the synthesis of sporopollenin. Additionally, I identify two unstudied peroxidases, PRX9 and PRX40 , which are also redundant and critical for pollen development, although these are not involved in sporopollenin and instead crosslink cell wall extensin proteins. These works enhance our understanding of the pollen wall and of pollen development. Moreover, this work reveals the untapped potential of reverse genetics to predict redundant relationships between paralogs in well-studied model organisms.
by Joseph Jacobowitz.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology
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2

Kalantidis, Kriton. "Studies of mitochondrial gene expression in fertile and male sterile Arabidopsis thaliana". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282714.

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Rethwisch, Michael D., Manuel M. Luna, D. Michael Ramos, Jessica J. Wellman y Michael T. Williams. "Pistil and Style Elongations Beyond the Anthers: Results From 2005 Field Experimentation". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/198202.

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A rapid heat increase from the high 80s-low 90s to high temperatures of 110o F on May 21 and 22, 2005, was recorded in the Blythe, CA, area, resulting in abnormal cotton flowers in mid-June, being especially characterized by elongated styles and stigmas being beyond the anthers. Two different cotton variety trials conducted in the Palo Verde Valley allowed data to be collected semi-weekly beginning June 17-20, with 100+ flowers per plot examined in each plot (four replications) of each of the 14 cotton variety entries. Every cotton variety had an average of 90+% of flowers expressing heat stress abnormalities (elongated styles) at the beginning of data collection even though the trials varied by planting date and location. Abnormal flowers were noted for several weeks, with some stigmas 21 mm beyond the anthers. Varieties differed in their responses to heat stress as measured by elongation later in the summer. Limited data were also collected for fruit retention and correlated with length of stigma extension beyond anthers. Retention percentages decreased as distance between anthers/stigmas increased, however boll size increased with less retention, possibly through nutrient partitioning. Various foliar fertilizers containing calcium were also evaluated for their effect on stigma elongations of DPL 449BR cotton. Significant differences existed for stigma elongations, with 2.5 qts./acre of CalMax resulting in statistical reduction of elongation when compared with the untreated check at 3 weeks after application. Statistical differences did not exist at four weeks although statistical differences did exist at this date for the percentage of flowers affected, with the highest percentage (81.7%) noted in untreated cotton.
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Taylor, Andrew Alexander. "Immunological characterization of a putative serine protease expressed in anthers of Lilium longiflorum". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0020/MQ28737.pdf.

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5

Yamaguchi, Tomoya. "Analysis of genes expressed in rice anthers during the stage of maximal chilling sensitivity". Kyoto University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144084.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・論文博士
博士(農学)
乙第11846号
論農博第2600号
新制||農||929(附属図書館)
学位論文||H18||N4158(農学部図書室)
24388
UT51-2006-J543
(主査)教授 關谷 次郎, 教授 矢﨑 一史, 教授 河内 孝之
学位規則第4条第2項該当
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6

Wenzel, Carol Lorraine Carleton University Dissertation Biology. "Development of anthers and pollen grains of Brassica Napus L.; a histological and histochemical study". Ottawa, 1991.

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7

Prusicki, Maria Ada [Verfasser] y Arp [Akademischer Betreuer] Schnittger. "Live cell imaging of meiosis in anthers of Arabidopsis thaliana / Maria Ada Prusicki ; Betreuer: Arp Schnittger". Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1192442814/34.

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Prusicki, Maria Ada Verfasser] y Arp [Akademischer Betreuer] [Schnittger. "Live cell imaging of meiosis in anthers of Arabidopsis thaliana / Maria Ada Prusicki ; Betreuer: Arp Schnittger". Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2019. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:18-98605.

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NGUYEN, Ngoc Giao. "Effects of Water Deficit on Pollen Development in Rice". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2804.

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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is very susceptible to water deficit at any time during its life cycle as a semi-aquatic cereal crop. However, the consequential damage is particularly severe if water deficit occurs during reproductive phases. The conspicuous injury often observed in rice plants exposed to water stress during meiosis of the pollen mother cell is the reduction of grain set, which is attributed to the decline of male fertility. In spite of much research on drought-induced male sterility in rice, the underlying mechanisms of the problem are poorly understood. This project was therefore conducted to investigate the molecular mechanisms of water deficit-induced pollen sterility in rice. In this study three consecutive days of water deficit treatment at -0.5 MPa osmotic potential during anther development effectively reduced the leaf water potential (leaf) and the number of viable pollen which later led to a decrease in grain set. Moreover, this thesis demonstrates that the immediate deleterious effects of water deficit to plant fertility could be estimated using a young microspore viability index, which showed a strong correlation with mature viable pollen and grain set. The present work has also illustrated that oxidative stress appears to be a plausible cause for the decline of male fertility and grain set. Water deficit has induced the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) above the redox balance, which in turn caused detrimental effects to cellular DNA and might result in programmed cell death (PCD) in the anthers. Moreover, ROS accumulation effectively influenced ATP synthesis leading to a decrease in the level of ATP in the anthers. Excessive ROS accumulation after drought could be the consequence of insufficient activity of the antioxidant system, which has been illustrated by qRT-PCR expression analysis of major antioxidant genes. Down-regulation of those genes would increase the incidence of oxidative damage. In contrast, stable or up-regulated expression of these genes resulted in less oxidative damage. Detailed investigations of sugar metabolism in anthers has provided supplemental data to develop a model of sugar unloading and transport within anther using in situ hybridisation to mRNA techniques. Analysis of sugar transportation within the cellular compartments of anther has unveiled the role of sugar metabolism on pollen sterility in rice. qRT-PCR assays of genes associated with the sugar metabolic pathway has demonstrated that the supply of both sucrose and hexoses from the anther walls to the locules was not restricted after water deficit stress. The results indicate that water deficit might not cause sugar starvation for developing microspores as previously thought, nor inhibit the initial steps of sugar utilisation such as glycolysis. This thesis has suggested new ideas regarding the role of rising sugar levels to cope with oxidative stress in anthers. Sugar accumulation might have provided protection against oxidant damage by strengthening the antioxidant system. However, the interplay between sugar and oxidative stress is not straightforward and needs to be further characterised. In-depth investigations on the interaction between sugar signalling and oxidative stress responses may help indentify the role of sugars in protecting anthers under water deficit. Although many studies on drought and chilling stresses in rice anthers have been performed, the causal mechanism of male sterility still remains to be elucidated. Findings presented in this thesis may contribute to understanding molecular mechanisms of male sterility in rice as a response to drought stress. A more detailed investigation of mitochondrial respiration in rice anthers is required to further examine this problem. Finally, this thesis suggests that signalling molecules such as 14-3-3 proteins and abscisic acid (ABA) might act upstream of ROS production and antioxidant defence in plants. Further work on these molecules might therefore further illustrate how they influence plant fertility under water shortage conditions.
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10

NGUYEN, Ngoc Giao. "Effects of Water Deficit on Pollen Development in Rice". University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2804.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is very susceptible to water deficit at any time during its life cycle as a semi-aquatic cereal crop. However, the consequential damage is particularly severe if water deficit occurs during reproductive phases. The conspicuous injury often observed in rice plants exposed to water stress during meiosis of the pollen mother cell is the reduction of grain set, which is attributed to the decline of male fertility. In spite of much research on drought-induced male sterility in rice, the underlying mechanisms of the problem are poorly understood. This project was therefore conducted to investigate the molecular mechanisms of water deficit-induced pollen sterility in rice. In this study three consecutive days of water deficit treatment at -0.5 MPa osmotic potential during anther development effectively reduced the leaf water potential (leaf) and the number of viable pollen which later led to a decrease in grain set. Moreover, this thesis demonstrates that the immediate deleterious effects of water deficit to plant fertility could be estimated using a young microspore viability index, which showed a strong correlation with mature viable pollen and grain set. The present work has also illustrated that oxidative stress appears to be a plausible cause for the decline of male fertility and grain set. Water deficit has induced the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) above the redox balance, which in turn caused detrimental effects to cellular DNA and might result in programmed cell death (PCD) in the anthers. Moreover, ROS accumulation effectively influenced ATP synthesis leading to a decrease in the level of ATP in the anthers. Excessive ROS accumulation after drought could be the consequence of insufficient activity of the antioxidant system, which has been illustrated by qRT-PCR expression analysis of major antioxidant genes. Down-regulation of those genes would increase the incidence of oxidative damage. In contrast, stable or up-regulated expression of these genes resulted in less oxidative damage. Detailed investigations of sugar metabolism in anthers has provided supplemental data to develop a model of sugar unloading and transport within anther using in situ hybridisation to mRNA techniques. Analysis of sugar transportation within the cellular compartments of anther has unveiled the role of sugar metabolism on pollen sterility in rice. qRT-PCR assays of genes associated with the sugar metabolic pathway has demonstrated that the supply of both sucrose and hexoses from the anther walls to the locules was not restricted after water deficit stress. The results indicate that water deficit might not cause sugar starvation for developing microspores as previously thought, nor inhibit the initial steps of sugar utilisation such as glycolysis. This thesis has suggested new ideas regarding the role of rising sugar levels to cope with oxidative stress in anthers. Sugar accumulation might have provided protection against oxidant damage by strengthening the antioxidant system. However, the interplay between sugar and oxidative stress is not straightforward and needs to be further characterised. In-depth investigations on the interaction between sugar signalling and oxidative stress responses may help indentify the role of sugars in protecting anthers under water deficit. Although many studies on drought and chilling stresses in rice anthers have been performed, the causal mechanism of male sterility still remains to be elucidated. Findings presented in this thesis may contribute to understanding molecular mechanisms of male sterility in rice as a response to drought stress. A more detailed investigation of mitochondrial respiration in rice anthers is required to further examine this problem. Finally, this thesis suggests that signalling molecules such as 14-3-3 proteins and abscisic acid (ABA) might act upstream of ROS production and antioxidant defence in plants. Further work on these molecules might therefore further illustrate how they influence plant fertility under water shortage conditions.
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Libros sobre el tema "Anthers"

1

Qureshi, Misbah. An immunocytochemical investigation of the distribution of meiotin-1 in Lilium longiflorum anthers. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1994.

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2

Stevenson, Robert Murrell. South American national anthems and other area studies: Mexico after the Mexican anthem. Lima: Pacific Press, 2009.

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3

South American national anthems and other area studies: Mexico after the Mexican anthem. Lima: Pacific Press, 2009.

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4

Cennick, John. Celestial anthems. Reading: Culver Press, 2001.

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5

Emergency anthems. New York: Brooklyn Arts Press, 2014.

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Grenier, Robert. Phantom anthems. [Oakland, CA]: O Books, in collaboration with Trike Press, 1986.

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National anthems. New York: Grove Press, 1989.

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McIntyre, Dennis. National anthems. New York: French, 1989.

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Donald, Fraser. World anthems. New York: RCA Victor, 1998.

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Handel, George Frideric. Four Coronation anthems. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Anthers"

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Toriyama, S., K. Hinata, I. Nishida y N. Murata. "Lipids from Rice Anthers". En The Metabolism, Structure, and Function of Plant Lipids, 345–47. Boston, MA: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5263-1_62.

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Huang, Anthony H. C. "Oleosins and Endoplasmic Reticulum in Seeds and Anthers". En Plant Cell Monographs, 187–204. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7089_057.

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van Bergen, S., M. J. Kottenhagen, R. M. van der Meulen y M. Wang. "Effects of ABA during the pretreatment of barley anthers on androgenesis of Hordeum vulgare L. cultivars Igri and Digger". En Anther and Pollen, 191–200. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59985-9_18.

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Hesse, Michael, Stefan Vogel y Heidemarie Halbritter. "Thread-forming structures in angiosperm anthers: their diverse role in pollination ecology". En Pollen and Pollination, 281–92. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6306-1_15.

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Kawaguchi, Kentaro y Naoto Shibuya. "Characterization of Arabinogalactan-Proteins and a Related Oligosaccharide in Developing Rice Anthers". En Cell and Developmental Biology of Arabinogalactan-Proteins, 149–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4207-0_13.

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Tran Thanh Van, K., H. Lie-Schricke y T. H. Trinh. "Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L. TPt6): Culture of Excised Anthers and Unfertilized Ovules". En Haploids in Crop Improvement I, 472–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61499-6_26.

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Bino, R. J., S. J. De Hoop, G. A. M. Van Marrewijk y J. L. Van Went. "Energy Metabolism in Petunia hybrida Anthers: A Comparison Between Fertile and Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Development". En Biotechnology and Ecology of Pollen, 327–32. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8622-3_52.

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Tong, Z., T. Wang, C.-Q. Tang, Y. J. Zhao y D. C. Peng. "Changes in Leaves and Anthers of Hubei Photoperiod-Sensitive Genic Male-Sterile Rice Induced by Photoperiods". En Biotechnology in Agriculture, 369–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1779-1_69.

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van der Meer, Ingrid M., Maike E. Stam, Arjen J. van Tunen, Joseph N. M. Mol y Antoine R. Stuitje. "Inhibition of Flavonoid Biosynthesis inPetunia Anthers by Antisense RNA: A Novel Way to Engineer Nuclear Male Sterility". En Angiosperm Pollen and Ovules, 22–27. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2958-2_5.

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Howard, Jane. "Winnowed Anthems". En Families, 13–34. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351321082-1.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Anthers"

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Savenko, E. G., Zh M. Mukhina, V. A. Glazyrina y L. A. Shundrina. "Control of gamete origin of white cabbage regenerants in anther culture in vitro". En CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-94.

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The complex use of indirect methods (counting chloroplasts in stomatal cells, as well as direct counting of chromosomes in preparations of root meristems) in combination with DNA methods makes it possible to identify ploidy of plants obtained from white cabbage anthers and to rank them on haploids / doubled haploids and diploid ones already on test tube level.
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"In vitro biochemical features in calli derived from winter wheat anthers and their possible influences on a secondary embryogenesis". En Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Novosibirsk ICG SB RAS 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2021-128.

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"Anthors Index". En 2005 Digest of Technical Papers. International Conference on Consumer Electronics, 2005. ICCE. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icce.2005.1429926.

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Booth-Clibborn, Justin. "Anthem". En ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Computer animation festival. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1186015.1186053.

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Choudhary, Nurendra, Nikhil Rao, Sumeet Katariya, Karthik Subbian y Chandan K. Reddy. "ANTHEM". En WSDM '22: The Fifteenth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3488560.3498456.

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Huang, JiFeng y FengLi Shi. "Analysis of gene co-expression in Arabidopsis anther". En 2010 3rd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMEI 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2010.5639296.

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Lambe, Somnath M. y Kailash J. Karande. "Automatic National Anthem Playing Unit using RTC & Microcontroller". En National Conference on Relevance of Engineering and Science for Environment and Society. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.118.39.

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As all school, begins on time and if we could play automatic national anthem then it gives energy throughout a day, feels energetic whole day. As we plays it manually there should be always a person is required to turn ON/OFF media player. This manual method is hectic and it encouraged us to play it automatically. So this motivated us to design a system where national anthem plays on predefined time after playing of national anthem it should be automatically stops the playing. So considering these parameter we designed and implemented automatic national anthem player since 2016 and till date it is working smoothly. All required material such microcontroller board, media player, speaker were purchase from local market. Media player main facility of playing again from initial as supply resumes. So, each day national anthem plays from beginning point.
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Francis, Dennis y James Schepers. "Post Anthesis Nitrogen Loss from Corn". En Proceedings of the 1992 Crop Production and Protection Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-418.

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Dewi, Iswari Saraswati, Imam Nur Kholis, Bambang Sapta Purwoko y Ratna Ningsih. "Sucrose and putrescine increased callus induction in tomato anther culture". En THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GENETIC RESOURCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY: Harnessing Technology for Conservation and Sustainable Use of Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0075666.

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Davoyan, R. O., A. S. Zinchenko, E. R. Davoyan, I. V. Bebyakina, D. S. Mikov, Yu S. Zubanova, D. M. Boldakov, V. I. Basov y A. A. Zelenskaya. "Use of haploid technologies in breading of common wheat of national center of grain named after P.P. Lukyanenko". En 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plmic2020.058.

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In order to obtain doubled haploids (DH) homozygous lines of common wheat in National Center of Grain named after P.P. Lukyanenko (NCG) the methods of selective elimination of chromosomes of maize in genome of intergenal hybrid embryos and anther culture are used. During the 2016-2019 years more than 1,500 diploid lines of 26 varieties of winter common wheat were produced.
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Informes sobre el tema "Anthers"

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Weiss, David y Neil Olszewski. Manipulation of GA Levels and GA Signal Transduction in Anthers to Generate Male Sterility. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7580678.bard.

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The original objectives of the research were: i. To study the role of GA in anther development, ii. To manipulate GA and/or GA signal transduction levels in the anthers in order to generate male sterility. iii. To characterize the GA signal transduction repressor, SPY. Previous studies have suggested that gibberellins (GAs) are required for normal anther development. In this work, we studied the role of GA in the regulation of anther development in petunia. When plants were treated with the GA-biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol, anther development was arrested. Microscopic analysis of these anthers revealed that paclobutrazol inhibits post-meiotic developmental processes. The treated anthers contained pollen grains but the connective tissue and tapetum cells were degenerated. The expression of the GA-induced gene, GIP, can be used in petunia as a molecular marker to: study GA responses. Analyses of GIP expression during anther development revealed that the gene is induced only after microsporogenesis. This observation further suggests a role for GA in the regulation of post-meiotic processes during petunia anther development. Spy acts as a negative regulator of gibberellin (GA) action in Arabidopsis. We cloned the petunia Spy homologue, PhSPY, and showed that it can complement the spy-3 mutation in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of Spy in transgenic petunia plants affected various GA-regulated processes, including seed germination, shoot elongation, flower initiation, flower development and the expression of a GA- induced gene, GIP. In addition, anther development was inhibited in the transgenic plants following microsporogenesis. The N-terminus of Spy contains tetratricopeptide repeats (TPR). TPR motifs participate in protein-protein interactions, suggesting that Spy is part of a multiprotein complex. To test this hypothesis, we over-expressed the SPY's TPR region without the catalytic domain in transgenic petunia and generated a dominant- negative Spy mutant. The transgenic seeds were able to germinate on paclobutrazol, suggesting an enhanced GA signal. Overexpression of PhSPY in wild type Arabidopsis did not affect plant stature, morphology or flowering time. Consistent with Spy being an O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), Spy expressed in insect cells was shown to O-GlcNAc modify itself. Consistent with O-GlcNAc modification playing a role in GA signaling, spy mutants had a reduction in the GlcNAc modification of several proteins. After treatment of the GA deficient, gal mutant, with GA3 the GlcNAc modification of proteins of the same size as those affected in spy mutants exhibited a reduction in GlcNAcylation. GA-induced GlcNAcase may be responsible for this de-GlcNAcylation because, treatment of gal with GA rapidly induced an increase in GlcNAcase activity. Several Arabidopsis proteins that interact with the TPR domain of Spy were identified using yeast two-hybrids screens. One of these proteins was GIGANTEA (GI). Consistent with GI and Spy functioning as a complex in the plant the spy-4 was epistatic to gi. These experiments also demonstrated that, in addition to its role in GA signaling, Spy functions in the light signaling pathways controlling hypocotyl elongation and photoperiodic induction of flowering. A second Arabidopsis OGT, SECRET AGENT (SCA), was discovered. Like SPY, SCA O-GlcNAc modifies itself. Although sca mutants do not exhibit dramatic phenotypes, spy/sca double mutants exhibit male and female gamete and embryo lethality, indicating that Spy and SCA have overlapping functions. These results suggest that O-GlcNAc modification is an essential modification in plants that has a role in multiple signaling pathways.
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Ma, Hong. Analysis of Anther Cell Differentiation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), enero de 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1167414.

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Veilleux, Richard E., Jossi Hillel, A. Raymond Miller y David Levy. Molecular Analysis by SSR of Genes Associated with Alkaloid Synthesis in a Segregating Monoploid Potato Family. United States Department of Agriculture, mayo de 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570550.bard.

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More than 15,000 anthers of an interspecific hybrid (CP2) between two diploid (2n=2x=24) potato species, Solanum chacoense (weedy) and S. phureja (cultivated), were cultured to generate a family of monoploid (haploid, 2n-1x=12) plants. Of 260 regenerated plants, 34 were monoploid, 210 diploid and 16 tetraploid. SSR analysis revealed that six monoploids were genetically identical and 14 diploids were homozygous, thus limiting the population to 42 (28 monoploids and 14 homozygous diploids). New microsatellite loci were developed for potato from database sequences (15), a conventional genomic library (6), an enriched library (18) and tomato (11). Of these, 13 were polymorphic in the CP2 family and 11 were used to study genetic segregatin. Four of 11 exhibited skewed segregation in the monoploid family. Seven of 18 microsatellite markers were polymorphic and informative on a set of 12 tetraploid potato cultivars. Acetylleptinidine (ALD) is the aglycone of leptines, a natural defense against insects, especially the highly destructuve Colorado potato beetle. ALD is absend in S. phureja but highly expressed in the S. chacoense parent of CP2. A backcross population between CP2 and tis S. phureja parent was used to examine segregation for ALD. Bulks of 10 backcross individuals that expressed ALD and 10 that did not were used to identify putative RAPD markers associatd with the trait. Of 80 primers tested, one putative marker amplified by OPQ02 was present in eight of ten individuals comprising the high bulk and absent in all 10 individuals comprising the low bulk. This is a putative marker for ALD expression in potato.
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Smith & Nephew. Anthem Posterior Stabilised with Polymer Trials. Touch Surgery Simulations, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18556/touchsurgery/2015.s0120.

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Smith & Nephew. Anthem Cruciate Retaining with Metal Trials. Touch Surgery Simulations, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18556/touchsurgery/2018.s0121.

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Smith & Nephew. Anthem Posterior Stabilised with Metal Trials. Touch Surgery Simulations, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18556/touchsurgery/2018.s0122.

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Riestenberg, David. SECARB Anthro Test Site Implementation Plan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), septiembre de 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1823060.

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Raj, Anil K. Anthro-Centric Multisensory Interface for Vision Augmentation/Substitution. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, febrero de 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada559634.

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Riestenberg, David. SECARB Anthro Test Report on Subsurface Characterization for Project Site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), febrero de 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1819927.

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Riestenberg, David. SECARB Anthro Test Report on Assessment of Existing Subsurface Data. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), febrero de 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1819921.

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