Artículos de revistas: "Antenne intelligenti"

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Palantei, Elyas, Arif Hidayat, Wardi Wardi, Intan Sari Areni, Sunarno Sunarno, Eko Setijadi, Dewiani Jamaluddin et al. "6 Monopole Elements Array Intelligent Antennas for IoT Based Environmental Surveillance Network". EPI International Journal of Engineering 3, n.º 2 (22 de enero de 2021): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25042/epi-ije.082020.06.

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Three types of 6 monopoles array intelligent antennas was numerically and practically examined. The main purposes of the investigation is to guarantee that those designed antennas are feasible to implement and to install in a particular IoT based environmental surveillance network configuration. The basic differences of the three intelligent antennas lied on the frequency operations (i.e. 433 MHz, 875-915 MHz and 2.5 GHz) and the actual environment operations (whether for indoor or outdoor). The extreme differences of such frequency operations, of course, affecting the differences on the whole antenna physical dimension. The higher the frequency operation determined then the smaller the physical size of the designed antennas produced. However, the deep intelligent antenna evaluations presented in the paper is the one that operated on frequency band of 875 -915 MHz. The intelligent electronic part of six monopole wire elements arrayed on a circular ground plate was composed of LoRa chip module, Android Uno microcontroller, and the switching network part. The three parts determined whole antenna operation throughout the IoT network. The results of whole antenna examinations are thoroughly discussed in the paper.

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Bashar, Dr Abul. "Artificial Intelligence Based LTE MIMO Antenna for 5th Generation Mobile Networks". September 2020 2, n.º 3 (13 de junio de 2020): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jaicn.2020.3.002.

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Artificial intelligence based long term evolution multi in multi output antenna supporting the fifth generation mobile networks is put forth in the paper. The mechanism laid out in paper is devised using the monopole-antenna integrated with the switchable pattern. The long term evolution based multiple input and multiple output antenna is equipped with four antennas and capable of providing a four concurrent data streams quadrupling the theoretical maximum speed of data transfer allowing the base station to convey four diverse signals through four diverse transmit antennas for a single user equipment. The utilization of the long term evolution multiple input multiple output is capable of utilizing the multi-trial broadcasting to offer betterments in the signal performance as well as throughput and spectral efficiency when used along the fifth generation mobile networks. So the paper proposes the artificial intelligence based long term evolution multiple input multiple output four transmit antenna with four diverse signal transmission capacity that is operating in the frequency of 3.501 Gigahertz frequency. The laid out design is evaluated using the Multi-input Multi output signal analyzer to acquire the capacity of the passive conveyance of the various antennas with the diverse combination of patterns. The outcomes observed enables the artificial intelligence antenna to identify the choicest antenna to be integrated in the diverse environments for improving the throughput, signal performance and the data conveyance speed.

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Hlal Mutlaq, Ali, Mohammed Ayad Saad, Faris Hassan Tata y Ghanim Thiab Hasan. "Analysis the efficiency of multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) transmit receive systems". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 29, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2022): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i1.pp190-196.

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Transmit antennas are chosen in multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) systems. Effective in improving system capacity while lowering RF connection costs and simplifying the system. Complete method with greatest accuracy for joint transmits and receive antenna selection (JTRAS), capable of scanning all subsets of both transmitting and receiving antennas for the optimal solution. However, when as the number of antennas but also computational complexity increase grows too great, limiting its application. Antennas are coded fractionally channel capacity maximizing coding is used as a basic criterion in this paper, and an intelligent algorithm Particle swarm algorithm, generic algorithm are used to pick antennas. The simulation results show that both algorithms are capable of performing antenna selection.

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Lohn, Jason D., Gregory S. Hornby y Derek S. Linden. "Human-competitive evolved antennas". Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 22, n.º 3 (12 de junio de 2008): 235–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060408000164.

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AbstractWe present a case study showing a human-competitive design of an evolved antenna that was deployed on a NASA spacecraft in 2006. We were fortunate to develop our antennas in parallel with another group using traditional design methodologies. This allowed us to demonstrate that our techniques were human-competitive because our automatically designed antenna could be directly compared to a human-designed antenna. The antennas described below were evolved to meet a challenging set of mission requirements, most notably the combination of wide beamwidth for a circularly polarized wave and wide bandwidth. Two evolutionary algorithms were used in the development process: one used a genetic algorithm style representation that did not allow branching in the antenna arms; the second used a genetic programming style tree-structured representation that allowed branching in the antenna arms. The highest performance antennas from both algorithms were fabricated and tested, and both yielded very similar performance. Both antennas were comparable in performance to a hand-designed antenna produced by the antenna contractor for the mission, and so we consider them examples of human-competitive performance by evolutionary algorithms. Our design was approved for flight, and three copies of it were successfully flown on NASA's Space Technology 5 mission between March 22 and June 30, 2006. These evolved antennas represent the first evolved hardware in space and the first evolved antennas to be deployed.

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Krasnok, Alex. "Coherently Driven and Superdirective Antennas". Electronics 8, n.º 8 (29 de julio de 2019): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8080845.

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Antennas are crucial elements for wireless technologies, communications and power transfer across the entire spectrum of electromagnetic waves, including radio, microwaves, THz and optics. In this paper, we review our recent achievements in two promising areas: coherently enhanced wireless power transfer (WPT) and superdirective dielectric antennas. We show that the concept of coherently enhanced WPT allows improvement of the antenna receiving efficiency by coherent excitation of the outcoupling waveguide with a backward propagating guided mode with a specific amplitude and phase. Antennas with the superdirectivity effect can increase the WPT system’s performance in another way, through tailoring of radiation diagram via engineering antenna multipoles excitation and interference of their radiation. We demonstrate a way to achieve the superdirectivity effect via higher-order multipoles excitation in a subwavelength high-index spherical dielectric resonator supporting electric and magnetic Mie multipoles. Thus, both types of antenna discussed here possess a coherent nature and can be used in modern intelligent antenna systems.

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Dou, Weiping, Yuandong Tian, Geng Ye y Jiang Zhu. "Antenna Artificial Intelligence: The Relentless Pursuit of Intelligent Antenna Design [Industry Activities]". IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 64, n.º 5 (octubre de 2022): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/map.2022.3196032.

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Chhabra, Rinkle y Anuradha Saini. "Designing an Energy Efficient Scheme in MANET using Reconfigurable Directional (RDA) Algorithm". International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 8, n.º 4 (4 de abril de 2018): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijarcsse.v8i4.637.

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Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) are autonomous, infrastructure less and self-configuring networks. MANETs has gained lots of popularity due to on the fly deployment i.e. small network setup time and ability to provide communication in obstreperous terrains. Major challenges in MANETs include routing, energy efficiency, network topology control, security etc. Primary focus in this article is to provide method and algorithm to ensure significant energy savings using re-configurable directional antennas. Significant energy gains can be clinched using directional antenna. Key challenges while using directional antenna are to find destination location, antenna focusing, signal power and distance calculations. Re-configurable directional antenna can ensure significant energy gains if used intelligently. This article provides a brief insight into improved energy savings using re-configurable directional antennas and an associated algorithm

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Pryshchenko, Oleksandr A., Vadym Plakhtii, Oleksandr M. Dumin, Gennadiy P. Pochanin, Vadym P. Ruban, Lorenzo Capineri y Fronefield Crawford. "Implementation of an Artificial Intelligence Approach to GPR Systems for Landmine Detection". Remote Sensing 14, n.º 17 (5 de septiembre de 2022): 4421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14174421.

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Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approaches are applied to detect and determine the object class using a special set of the UltraWideBand (UWB) pulse Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) sounding results. It used the results of GPR sounding with the antenna system, consisting of one radiator and four receiving antennas located around the transmitting antenna. The presence of four receiving antennas and, accordingly, the signals received from four spatially separated positions of the antennas provide a collection of signals received after reflection from an object at different angles and, due to this, to determine the location of the object in a coordinate system, connected to the antenna. We considered the sums and differences of signals received by two of the four antennas in six possible combinations: (1 and 2, 1 and 3, 2 and 3, 1 and 4, etc.). These combinations were then stacked sequentially one by one into one long signal. Synthetic signals constructed in such a way contain many more notable differences and specific information about the class to which the object belongs as well as the location of the searched object compared to the signals obtained by an antenna system with just one radiating and one receiving antenna. It therefore increases the accuracy in determining the object’s coordinates and its classification. The pulse radiation, propagation, and scattering are numerically simulated by the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. Results from the experiment on mine detection are used to examine ANN too. The set of signals from different objects having different distances from the GPR was used as a training and testing dataset for ANN. The training aims to recognize and classify the detected object as a landmine or other object and to determine its location. The influence of Gaussian noise added to the signals on noise immunity of ANN was investigated. The recognition results obtained by using an ANN ensemble are presented. The ensemble consists of fully connected and recurrent neural networks, gated recurrent units, and a long-short term memory network. The results of the recognition by all ANNs are processed by a meta network to provide a better quality of underground object classification.

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Ameerudden, Mohammad Riyad y Harry C. S. Rughooputh. "Hybridized Genetic Algorithms in the Optimization of a PIFA Antenna Using Fitness Characterization and Clustering". Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (diciembre de 2012): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.40.

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With the exponential development of mobile communications and the miniaturization of radio frequency transceivers, the need for small and low profile antennas at mobile frequencies is constantly growing. Therefore, new antennas should be developed to provide both larger bandwidth and small dimensions. The aim of this project is to design and optimize the bandwidth of a Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) in order to achieve a larger bandwidth in the 2 GHz band. This paper presents an intelligent optimization technique using a hybridized Genetic Algorithms (GA) coupled with the intelligence of the Binary String Fitness Characterization (BSFC) technique. The optimization technique used is based on the Binary Coded GA (BCGA) and Real-Coded GA (RCGA). The process has been further enhanced by using a Clustering Algorithm to minimize the computational cost. Using the Hybridized GA with BSFC and Clustering, the bandwidth evaluation process has been observed to be more efficient combining both high performance and minimal computational cost. During the optimization process, the different PIFA models are evaluated using the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) method.

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Sagar, Md Samiul Islam, Hassna Ouassal, Asif I. Omi, Anna Wisniewska, Harikrishnan M. Jalajamony, Renny E. Fernandez y Praveen K. Sekhar. "Application of Machine Learning in Electromagnetics: Mini-Review". Electronics 10, n.º 22 (11 de noviembre de 2021): 2752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10222752.

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As an integral part of the electromagnetic system, antennas are becoming more advanced and versatile than ever before, thus making it necessary to adopt new techniques to enhance their performance. Machine Learning (ML), a branch of artificial intelligence, is a method of data analysis that automates analytical model building with minimal human intervention. The potential for ML to solve unpredictable and non-linear complex challenges is attracting researchers in the field of electromagnetics (EM), especially in antenna and antenna-based systems. Numerous antenna simulations, synthesis, and pattern recognition of radiations as well as non-linear inverse scattering-based object identifications are now leveraging ML techniques. Although the accuracy of ML algorithms depends on the availability of sufficient data and expert handling of the model and hyperparameters, it is gradually becoming the desired solution when researchers are aiming for a cost-effective solution without excessive time consumption. In this context, this paper aims to present an overview of machine learning, and its applications in Electromagnetics, including communication, radar, and sensing. It extensively discusses recent research progress in the development and use of intelligent algorithms for antenna design, synthesis and analysis, electromagnetic inverse scattering, synthetic aperture radar target recognition, and fault detection systems. It also provides limitations of this emerging field of study. The unique aspect of this work is that it surveys the state-of the art and recent advances in ML techniques as applied to EM.

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Jin, Nanbo y Yahya Rahmat-Samii. "Particle Swarm Optimization for Antenna Designs in Engineering Electromagnetics". Journal of Artificial Evolution and Applications 2008 (30 de marzo de 2008): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/728929.

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This paper presents recent advances in applying particle swarm optimization (PSO) to antenna designs in engineering electromagnetics. By linking the PSO kernel with external electromagnetic (EM) analyzers, the algorithm has the flexibility to handle both real and binary variables, as well as multiobjective problems with more than one optimization goal. Three examples, including the designs of a dual-band patch antenna, an artificial ground plane of a surface wave antenna, and an aperiodic antenna array, are presented. Both simulation and measurement results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of applying the swarm intelligence to design antennas with desired frequency response and radiation characteristics for practical EM applications.

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Ozkaya, Umut y Levent Seyfi. "MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF ABSORBING BOUNDARY CONDITION IN ANTENNA DESIGN". CBU International Conference Proceedings 4 (26 de septiembre de 2016): 832–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v4.861.

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In this study, the absorbing boundary condition is modelled and analyzed by particle swarm optimization for antenna designs. Two pieces of circular and rectangular microstrip patch antennas are designed for results by means of High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) simulation program. These antennas are implemented by printed circuit board technologies. The results of measurements and simulation performed for the antenna determined the optimal absorbing boundary distance. . In order to be closer with simulation and measurement results, data set is generated by varying in absorbing boundary size. Average square error between simulation and measurement data is necessary to be optimized as an objective function. For this reason, optimization algorithm based on swarm intelligence is preferred to be minimized the error function. Thanks to the results of measurements and simulation performed with the antenna, optimal absorbing boundary distance is determined by Particle Swarm Optimization.

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Behera, Kalpa Ranjan y Surender Reddy Salkuti. "Microstrip antenna optimization using evolutionary algorithms". IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 11, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2022): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v11.i3.pp836-842.

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Different structures of microstrip antenna optimization using different algorithms are the important field of wireless communications. Rectangular microstrip antenna, inverted E-shaped antenna, tulip shaped antenna are some examples of microstrip antennas. The antenna dimensions are optimized by different algorithms. The operating frequencies for different antenna structures depend on antenna dimensions. The frequency of operation is 3-lS GHz for rectangular antenna, IMT-2000 for invelted E-shaped antenna, 8 to 12 GHz for tulip shaped antenna, 2.16 GHz for miniaturized antenna structure. The dimensions of microstrip antennas are modified to get minimum reflection coefficient maximum gain and bandwidth. The dimensions are modified using different algorithms such as evolutionary algorithm, particle swarm optimization (PSO), artificial neural network (ANN), and genetic algorithms (GA).

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Gayatri, T., G. Srinivasu, D. M. K. Chaitanya y V. K. Sharma. "A Review on Optimization Techniques of Antennas Using AI and ML / DL Algorithms". International Journal of Advances in Microwave Technology 07, n.º 02 (2022): 288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32452/ijamt.2022.288295.

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In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) aided communications grabbed huge attention to providing solutions for mathematical problems in wireless communications, by using machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms. This paper initially presents a short background on AI, CEM, and the role of AI / ML / DL in antennas. A study on ML / DL algorithms and the optimization techniques of antenna parameters using various ML / DL algorithms are presented. Finally, the application areas of AI in antennas are illustrated.

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Lu, Yifan, Qi Shao, Liangliang Lv, Guangqiang Fang y Honghao Yue. "Nonlinear Dynamics of a Space Tensioned Membrane Antenna during Orbital Maneuvering". Aerospace 9, n.º 12 (4 de diciembre de 2022): 794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9120794.

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Due to the super flexibility and strong nonlinearity of space membrane antennas, the dynamic response of a space membrane antenna will be affected by the rigid–flexible coupling effect in the process of orbital maneuvering. In this case, the dynamic model of a tensioned membrane antenna is significantly different from that under the general condition (fixed boundary). In this study, a nonlinear dynamic model of a tensioned space membrane antenna experiencing maneuvering is established, and the influence of the rigid–flexible coupling effect on structural stiffness and damping characteristics is described. Through a numerical solution, the effects of rigid body motion and structural natural frequency on the rigid–flexible coupling effect are discussed. The results show that the vibration frequency and amplitude of the antenna are positively correlated with the acceleration and initial velocity of rigid body motion. With the increase of the natural frequency of the antenna, the vibration frequency increases but the amplitude decreases. The rigid–flexible coupling nonlinear dynamic model proposed in this work is more applicable in intelligent vibration control compared to finite element software.

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Chen, Qian Bin, Yang Wang, Zhan Jun Liu y Cheng Chao Liang. "A New Intelligent Approach Based on Genetic Algorithm for Finding Optimal Base Stations Configuration in the Dynamic Scenario Used in SON". Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (octubre de 2011): 4325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.4325.

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The problem of automatic selection and configuration of base station sites in the dynamic scenario is investigated. We propose a intelligent approach based on Genetic Algorithm used to adjust the level of the antenna power and select the base stations’ site from the candidate sites. According to the users’ density the base stations adjust their antenna radiated power automatically. Results are given that most of base stations are powered off when the density becomes very low, and show that it will save lots of energy resources. Since this algorithm can adjust the status of base stations intelligently and automatically, it can be used in SON.

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Xie, Xicao y Jie Wu. "Study on the Structural Parameters and Response Characteristics of the Tilted Antenna of Directional Electromagnetic Wave Resistivity Measuring Instrument". International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 34, n.º 02 (24 de junio de 2019): 2058001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021800142058001x.

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The directional logging-while-drilling measurements enable to monitor the distance to formation boundaries and their orientation and facilitate proactive well placement, and thus can provide directionality information useful in detecting physical parameters such as bed boundaries, formation dip and formation azimuth, so the oil and gas recovery can be greatly improved. The characteristics of a kind of electromagnetic wave resistivity logging while drilling (LWD) tool with tilted antennas are computed via the magnetic-current-source dyadic Green’s function for horizontally stratified anisotropic media. The current characteristic at the formation interface of the tilted antennas is compared with that of the axial antenna, and how the LWD tool with tilted antennas to detect the formation interface position and orientation is revealed. The amplitude-attenuation and phase-shift characteristics of LWD tool with tilted antennas are analyzed, and how to design the angle of tilted antenna is presented. The relationship between the emitting frequency and emitting-receiving antenna space parameters is expounded, and the emitting-receiving antenna space parameter suitable for different frequencies is presented. The detection characteristic of the electromagnetic wave measuring instrument is studied. For the highly deviated well formation model, the directional response characteristics of the different relative dip angle isotropic and anisotropic formation are numerically simulated and analyzed. The directional response characteristics of the two kinds of coil arrangement (unilateral arrangement and symmetrical arrangement) are analyzed by numerical simulation, and the solution to reduce or eliminate the influence of the directional response of the isotropy on the directional response is obtained. The conclusions obtained by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation provide a guide for the instrument principle research and application.

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Nemov, A. V., D. A. Nemov, D. L. Minh, S. A. Saveliev y A. N. Plastikov. "Efficiency of the Miniature Anti-jam GNSS Antenna Array". Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics, n.º 2 (5 de junio de 2018): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2018-21-2-37-46.

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The use of the miniature controlled reception pattern antennas (CRPAs) in GNSS equipment is one of the trends in GPS, Baidow, GLONASS development. A miniaturized GPS antenna array technology reduces the size of the antenna elements and the array dimensions. Miniature CRPAs are in demand not only with mass consumer of GPS/GLONASS house-hold equipment, but with expert users of complex hardware as well, where high-tech multi-sensor miniature antenna systems (AC) can be applied. Such types of AC used for intelligent control of spatial selectivity are considered as antenna arrays. The advantages of miniature CRPAs with anti-jamming capability include possibility to be installed on vehicles where it used to be impossible due to their size. The negative effect of miniaturization is in degradation of some antennas characteristics, such as gain, suppression of the reverse lobe of radiation pattern (RP), a heterogeneity of RP. In miniature antennas, the resonator interinfluence increases, that leads to distortion of individual emitters RP and to the in-crease of the total RP lobe of the antenna array irregularity, as well as the width of RP lobe. Designers take special measures to reduce the interinfluence of the resonators. However, they are not fully described in the available literature. Therefore, the achieved performance of miniature CRPAs is in great interest. The final criterion (from a consumer point of view) is in effective functional of a device containing a miniature CRPA, the degradation of its parameters in compare with traditional CRPA equipment of expert users. The authors focus on property investigation of miniature CRPAs manufactured primarily by US industry. Specifications of two antennas and some expected details of the miniaturized antenna array technology are described along with the test results of their ability to perform the objective function jammer suppression. The article contains the results obtained from independent testing of electrodynamics parameters of miniature L1/L2 frequency CRPA and its design analysis. The experimental data of sensor interinfluence are outlined. The measures to reduce the sensor interinfluence are take into account. The efficiency of the miniature antenna is estimated in the process of interference suppression by means of computer simulation. The Monte-Carlo method is applied. For the sake of generality, two types of algorithm for interference suppression are used.

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Budayawan, Khairi, Yuhandri Yuhandri y Gunadi Widi Nurcahyo. "IMPLEMENTASI JARINGAN SYARAF TIRUAN DALAM MEMPREDIKSI FREKUENSI RESONANSI ANTENA MIKROSTRIP". Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Pendidikan 12, n.º 1 (30 de marzo de 2019): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/tip.v12i1.174.

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The resonant frequency of an antenna is determined by the dimensional parameters and permittivity of the antenna substrate. Generally, to get the resonant frequency, a complex mathematical formula is needed to solve. For this reason, an intelligent method is offered to determine the resonant frequency more easily. In this study, an artificial neural network method with Backpropagation algorithm is used to overcome the problem. The data used were consisting of 80 training data and 15 testing data. The results have shown that the artificial neural network learning method with the backpropagation algorithm was successfully utilized to calculate the resonant frequency of microstrip antennas, where the precision of the resonant frequency obtained of 93.33% at an error of = 1%, and 100% at an error of = 2%.

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Park, Hyunhee, Taeshik Shon, Seunghyun Park y Eui-Jik Kim. "An Adaptive Allocation Algorithm Using Directional CSMA/CA over mmWave Wireless Personal Area Networks". International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 9, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2012): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/50914.

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Directional antennas have the considerable benefits of higher antenna gain, long transmission distance and spatial reuse compared to omni-antennas. To support a directional antenna, IEEE 802.15.3c specifies a high data transmission rate and short frequency range communication based on the characteristics of 60GHz band. However, the contention-based protocol of IEEE 802.15.3c may cause channel collisions and throughput degradation as the number of stations in the network increases. In order to resolve this problem and reduce channel access latency, we propose an adaptive allocation algorithm in which the contention window size for optimal transmission probability is derived after the directional information has been obtained by means of AP control procedures. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing channel access scheme in IEEE 802.15.3c wireless personal area networks under different situations, especially when the number of contending stations is large.

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Sydorchuk, O. L. "CHALLENGES OF EVALUATION METHODS FOR ANTENNAS WITH REDUCED EFFECTIVE SCATTERING SURFACES IN SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE AND ELECTRONIC WARFARE SYSTEMS". Проблеми створення, випробування, застосування та експлуатації складних інформаційних систем, n.º 22 (4 de agosto de 2022): 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.46972/2076-1546.2022.22.02.

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The article analyses the relevance of well-known approaches to reducing radar visibility of signals intelligence and electronic warfare systems by reducing the effective scattering surfaces of their antenna systems based on the experience of the current Russian-Ukrainian war. The author has analysed known approximate methods used to calculate scattering of electromagnetic waves by antennas, and in particular, how integral and differential scattering surfaces can be calculated. The article provides simple formulas for estimating such values. The author proves that any reduction of the electromagnetic field re-radiated by weapons and military vehicles because of their specific shapes, use of radio-absorbing materials and coatings, etc. doesn't influence the scattering from their antenna systems. Challenging is the impossibility to avoid the above re-radiation, since according to the reciprocal operation principle, any antenna scatters at least half of the energy captured by it. Therefore, it makes sense to reduce the total or integral scattering capacity just a little bit. It can also be assumed that we can reduce the radar visibility of an antenna by replacing a linear polarization antenna with a circular polarization one. It will change the direction of wave reflection on the onboard radar sensor. The author recommends to apply miniaturized horn irradiators for their antenna systems in ground signals intelligence and electronic warfare stations provided that the performance characteristics are preserved by reducing overall dimensions, improving harmonization in antenna paths and reducing re-radiation from the antenna aperture. By selecting the amplitude and phase of the reflection coefficient in the feeder path, you can compensate for shadow and mode scattering and reduce it by 10–20 dB. The conducted study will further contribute to the development of an antenna design with a new small-sized irradiator and will make it possible to assess reduction of its effective scattering surface. Keywords: radar; pyramidal horn irradiator; reduction of effective scattering surface; radar visibility; electromagnetic wave diffraction.

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Рейзмунт, Елена Михайловна y Сергей Владимирович Доронин. "DIGITAL LOAD MODELS OF PRECISION MIRROR ANTENNA FOR INTELLIGENT SUPPORT OF THE OPERATION STAGE". Информационные и математические технологии в науке и управлении, n.º 2(22) (25 de junio de 2021): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.38028/esi.2021.22.2.005.

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Рассматриваются условия нагружения зеркальных антенн воздушным потоком и тепловыми воздействиями с учетом вариабельности пространственного положения конструкции. Предложена концепция построения цифровых моделей нагруженности крупногабаритной прецизионной антенны наземных систем спутниковой связи. Определены возможности их интеграции в контуры принятия решений для интеллектуальной поддержки стадии эксплуатации. The conditions for loading reflector antennas with air flow and thermal effects are considered, taking into account the variability of the spatial position of the structure. A concept is proposed for constructing digital models of the loading of a large-sized precision antenna for ground-based satellite communication systems. Possibilities of their integration into decision-making contours for intelligent support of the operation stage have been determined.

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Yuan, Bo, Wen Wang, Xiao Hong Zhang y Guo Qing Luo. "Cavity-Backed Dipole Antenna for Intelligent Lock Communication". International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/921267.

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This paper introduces a 20*40 mm2planar folded L-shaped dipole antenna operated under surroundings of an iron cavity for intelligent lock communication. The height of the slot antenna is shortened and the bandwidth for 2.4 GHz band has been widened. This antenna provides a solution for antenna surrounded by metal background. Good performances on return loss, radiation pattern are obtained over 2.4 GHz operating bands. The operation distance in front and back sides for the antenna has been calculated by Friis transmission equation.

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Randazzo, Andrea. "Swarm Optimization Methods in Microwave Imaging". International Journal of Microwave Science and Technology 2012 (24 de octubre de 2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/491713.

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Swarm intelligence denotes a class of new stochastic algorithms inspired by the collective social behavior of natural entities (e.g., birds, ants, etc.). Such approaches have been proven to be quite effective in several applicative fields, ranging from intelligent routing to image processing. In the last years, they have also been successfully applied in electromagnetics, especially for antenna synthesis, component design, and microwave imaging. In this paper, the application of swarm optimization methods to microwave imaging is discussed, and some recent imaging approaches based on such methods are critically reviewed.

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Leach, S. M., A. A. Agius y S. R. Saunders. "Intelligent quadrifilar helix antenna". IEE Proceedings - Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation 147, n.º 3 (2000): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-map:20000402.

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Syedyusuff, Syedakbar, Ramesh Subramaniam y Ramya Vijay. "Orthogonally Integrated Hybrid Antenna for Intelligent Transportation Systems". Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 36, n.º 5 (14 de junio de 2021): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.360505.

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The aim of this paper is to design an orthogonally integrated hybrid antenna to address 5G/Wi-Fi/C-V2X communication simultaneously in one device. The proposed antenna consists of three planar monopoles and a defected ground plane with a dimension of 55x30x1.2mm3. High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) is employed to design the proposed antenna, which resonates at three distinct frequencies 2.45 GHz (Wi-Fi), 3.5 GHz (5G), and 5.9 GHz. Further, the prototype antenna is fabricated and experimentally validated in comparing with simulation results. The excellent agreement among the simulation and measured results shows that the designed antenna operates simultaneously at 5G/Wi-Fi/C-V2X frequency bands and the isolation effects between the elements is less than 15dB.

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Gampala, Gopinath y C. J. Reddy. "Fast and Intelligent Antenna Design Optimization using Machine Learning". Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 35, n.º 11 (5 de febrero de 2021): 1350–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.351144.

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Traditional antenna optimization solves the modified version of the original antenna design for each iteration. Thus, the total time required to optimize a given antenna design is highly dependent on the convergence criteria of the selected algorithm and the time taken for each iteration. The use of machine learning enables the antenna designer to generate trained mathematical model that replicates the original antenna design and then apply optimization on the trained model. Use of trained model allows to run thousands of optimization iterations in a span of few seconds.

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Kouhalvandi, Lida. "Directly Matching an MMIC Amplifier Integrated with MIMO Antenna through DNNs for Future Networks". Sensors 22, n.º 18 (19 de septiembre de 2022): 7068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22187068.

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Due to the exponential growth of data communications, linearity specification is deteriorating and, in high frequency systems, impedance transformation leading to power delivering from power amplifiers (PAs) to antennas is becoming an increasingly important concept. Intelligent-based optimization methods can be a suitable solution for enhancing this characteristic in the transceiver systems. Herein, to tackle the problems of linearity and impedance transformations, deep neural network (DNN)-based optimizations are employed. In the first phase, the antenna is modeled through the DNN with using the long short-term memory (LSTM) leading to forecast the load impedances in the a wide frequency band. Afterwards, the PA is modeled and optimized through another LSTM-based DNN using Multivariate Newton’s Method where the optimal drain impedances are predicted from the first DNN (i.e., modeled antenna). The whole optimization methodology is executed automatically leading to enhance linearity specification of the whole system. For proving the novelty of the proposed method, monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) along with the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is designed, modeled, and optimized concurrently in the frequency band from 7.49 GHz to 12.44 GHz. The proposed method leads to enhancing the linearity of the transceiver in an effective way where DNN-based PA model gives rise to a solution for achieving the most optimal drain impedance through the modeled DNN-based antenna.

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Ferreira, Ricardo Coelho, Michelle S. P. Facina, Felipe A. P. de Figueiredo, Gustavo Fraidenraich y Eduardo Rodrigues de Lima. "Secrecy Analysis and Error Probability of LIS-Aided Communication Systems under Nakagami-m Fading". Entropy 23, n.º 10 (30 de septiembre de 2021): 1284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23101284.

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Large intelligent surfaces (LIS) are a new trend to achieve higher spectral efficiency and signal-to-noise ratio in mobile communications. For this reason, this paper proposes metrics to analyze the performance of systems with multiple antennas aided by LIS and derive the spectral efficiency, secrecy outage probability, and bit error probability in an environment with Nakagami-m distributed fading. In addition to an eavesdropper, there is a single-antenna user, an array of antennas at the transmitter side and the possibility of a direct link between transmitter and receiver. This study assumes that the LIS performs non-ideal phase cancellation leading to a residual phase error that follows a Von Mises distribution, and shows that the resulting channel can be accurately approximated by a Gamma distributed SNR whose parameters are analytically derived. From these formulas, it is possible to evaluate the effect of the strength of the line-of-sight link by varying the Nakagami parameter, m.

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30

Hoseini, Sayed Amir, Jahan Hassan, Ayub Bokani y Salil S. Kanhere. "In Situ MIMO-WPT Recharging of UAVs Using Intelligent Flying Energy Sources". Drones 5, n.º 3 (5 de septiembre de 2021): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones5030089.

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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), used in civilian applications such as emergency medical deliveries, precision agriculture, wireless communication provisioning, etc., face the challenge of limited flight time due to their reliance on the on-board battery. Therefore, developing efficient mechanisms for in situ power transfer to recharge UAV batteries holds potential to extend their mission time. In this paper, we study the use of the far-field wireless power transfer (WPT) technique from specialized, transmitter UAVs (tUAVs) carrying Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antennas for transferring wireless power to receiver UAVs (rUAVs) in a mission. The tUAVs can fly and adjust their distance to the rUAVs to maximize energy transfer gain. The use of MIMO antennas further boosts the energy reception by narrowing the energy beam toward the rUAVs. The complexity of their dynamic operating environment increases with the growing number of tUAVs and rUAVs with varying levels of energy consumption and residual power. We propose an intelligent trajectory selection algorithm for the tUAVs based on a deep reinforcement learning model called Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) to optimize the energy transfer gain. The simulation results demonstrate that the PPO-based system achieves about a tenfold increase in flight time for a set of realistic transmit power, distance, sub-band number and antenna numbers. Further, PPO outperforms the benchmark movement strategies of “Traveling Salesman Problem” and “Low Battery First” when used by the tUAVs.

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31

Appel, L., A. Al-Khayat, B. Babol, R. Bolzer, L. Faltin, G. Humer, M. Lenger et al. "Hardware-Echtzeitsimulator für intelligente Antennen". e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik 119, n.º 2 (febrero de 2002): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03161580.

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32

Ibrahim, Sura Khalil, Mandeep Jit Singh, Samir Salem Al-Bawri, Husam Hamid Ibrahim, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Md Shabiul Islam, Ahmed Alzamil y Wazie M. Abdulkawi. "Design, Challenges and Developments for 5G Massive MIMO Antenna Systems at Sub 6-GHz Band: A Review". Nanomaterials 13, n.º 3 (28 de enero de 2023): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13030520.

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Massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) is a wireless access technique that has been studied and investigated in response to the worldwide bandwidth demand in the wireless communication sector (MIMO). Massive MIMO, which brings together antennas at the transmitter and receiver to deliver excellent spectral and energy efficiency with comparatively simple processing, is one of the main enabling technologies for the upcoming generation of networks. To actualize diverse applications of the intelligent sensing system, it is essential for the successful deployment of 5G—and beyond—networks to gain a better understanding of the massive MIMO system and address its underlying problems. The recent huge MIMO systems are highlighted in this paper’s thorough analysis of the essential enabling technologies needed for sub-6 GHz 5G networks. This article covers most of the critical issues with mMIMO antenna systems including pilot realized gain, isolation, ECC, efficiency, and bandwidth. In this study, two types of massive 5G MIMO antennas are presented. These types are used depending on the applications at sub-6 GHz bands. The first type of massive MIMO antennas is designed for base station applications, whereas the most recent structures of 5G base station antennas that support massive MIMO are introduced. The second type is constructed for smartphone applications, where several compact antennas designed in literature that can support massive MIMO technology are studied and summarized. As a result, mMIMO antennas are considered as good candidates for 5G systems.

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Khan, Muhammad Asghar, Tanweer Ahmad Cheema, Insaf Ullah, Fazal Noor, Sajjad Ur Rehman, Ateeq Ur Rehman y Muhammad Adnan Aziz. "A Dual-Mode Medium Access Control Mechanism for UAV-Enabled Intelligent Transportation System". Mobile Information Systems 2021 (15 de febrero de 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5578490.

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With the exponential growth in technologies for the vehicular Internet of things applications and high demands for autonomous road vehicles, future transportation systems are projected to be revolutionized on a global scale. This new landscape requires a stable, flexible, and business-friendly base of connectivity, networking, and computing technology, in which Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can play an important role. A UAV-enabled Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) can provide a cost-effective communication solution to improve the safety and efficiency of the transportation system, particularly if the data traffic is nonhomogeneous and nonstationary. Typically, wireless is the communication medium between vehicles and UAVs in an ITS setting, which is based on the IEEE802.11p MAC protocol adopted by car manufactures. However, the IEEE 802.11p MAC protocol is modified solely for omnidirectional antennas, which restricts network coverage, delay, and throughput. In comparison, the directional antenna has greater network coverage, spatial reuse, and bandwidth. In addition, a multiaccess edge computing (MEC) facility at the backhaul link will provide ultralow latency and high bandwidth services to meet the increasingly growing demand for latency-sensitive vehicle applications such as vehicular video data analytics, autonomous driving, and intelligent navigation. Therefore, this article aims to propose a novel dual-mode MAC protocol that can work in two antenna modes, i.e., directional and omnidirectional. For modeling and simulation purposes, we use the Optimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET) and aim to seek an evaluation with respect to throughput, media access delay, and retransmission attempts. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

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34

Soni, R. A., R. M. Buehrer y R. D. Benning. "Intelligent antenna system for cdma2000". IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 19, n.º 4 (julio de 2002): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msp.2002.1012350.

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35

Harmer, Stuart William y Gianluca De Novi. "Distributed Antenna in Drone Swarms: A Feasibility Study". Drones 7, n.º 2 (10 de febrero de 2023): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones7020126.

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Unmanned aerial vehicles offer a versatile platform for the realization of phased array antenna systems, enabling multiple antenna elements to be distributed spatially in an agile, flexible, and cost-effective manner. Deploying individual antenna elements on single drones and using a swarm of such drones to create an antenna array has the potential to be a disruptive technology. Antenna directivity is limited by the physical aperture size as compared to the wavelength of the radiation being transmitted/received, with electrically larger antennas giving a higher directivity at the cost of an increased size and weight. The authors presented a brief feasibility study using a simple mathematical model implemented in software to explore the predicted performance of the novel UAV deployed antenna array, the limitations of such a system, and the potential applications where such a capability would be beneficial. The authors concluded that it is possible to achieve a suitably coherent superposition of electromagnetic radiation at frequencies of ~1 GHz and lower with current global positioning technologies which offer centimeter scale positioning accuracy and with current drone positioning systems used to control drone swarms.

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36

Yue, Zhou. "Design of Wireless Intelligent Electronics Card Four-Element Rectangular Micro-Strip Antenna Array". Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (abril de 2012): 1203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.1203.

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Wake-up signal reception sensitivity and the antenna has a close relationship, from the parking lot of the practical needs of communication, as well as the works of Wireless Intelligent Electronics Card System structure requirements, using a quarter-wavelength design four rectangular micro-strip antenna array modules. Wireless intelligent electronic card to participate in the car parks are long-distance communication systems RFID identification system, four modules of rectangular micro-strip antenna array to send wake-up signal is highly directional, and four units of rectangular micro-strip antenna array to send the signal electron can wake up the wireless smart card job, and avoid the region other than the wireless smart card electronic interference.

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37

Vellucci, Stefano, Alessio Monti, Mirko Barbuto, Alessandro Toscano y Filiberto Bilotti. "Progress and perspective on advanced cloaking metasurfaces: from invisibility to intelligent antennas". EPJ Applied Metamaterials 8 (2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjam/2020013.

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Among the different cloaking applications proposed in the literature, the antenna framework has emerged as one of the most fruitful and mature field. In particular, mantle cloaking approach has proven to be a powerful tool for enabling unprecedented possibilities in antenna design. Here, we provide a review of the most significant works in the field of electromagnetic invisibility for antenna applications, demonstrating the versatility of cloaking metasurfaces in antenna scenarios. We also discuss our recent results and investigations on the design of advanced cloaking metasurfaces equipped with electronic components and circuits and able enriching the antenna intelligence.

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38

Hussain, Musa, Wahaj Abbas Awan, Mohammed S. Alzaidi, Niamat Hussain, Esraa Mousa Ali y Francisco Falcone. "Metamaterials and Their Application in the Performance Enhancement of Reconfigurable Antennas: A Review". Micromachines 14, n.º 2 (30 de enero de 2023): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14020349.

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Metamaterials exhibit properties in terms of subwavelength operation or phase manipulation, among others, that can be used in a variety of applications in 5G communication systems. The future and current 5G devices demand high efficiency, high data rate, computational capabilities, cost-effectiveness, compact size, and low power consumption. This variation and advancement are possible when the antenna design is revised to operate over wideband, high gain, and multiband and has characteristics of compact size, reconfiguration, absorption, and simple ease of fabrication. The materials loaded with antennas or, in the same cases, without antennas, offer the aforementioned characteristics to bring advancement in order to facilitate users. A number of works on designing metasurfaces capable of improving bandwidth, gain efficiency, and reducing the size and cost of antennas are available in the literature for this purpose. Not only are these applications possible, but the intelligent metasurfaces are also designed to obtain reconfiguration in terms of frequency and polarization. The number of absorbers loaded with metamaterials is also designed to improve the absorption percentage used for radar applications. Thus, in this paper, the general overview of different types of metamaterials and their role in performance enhancement and application in 5G and 6G communication systems is discussed.

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39

Kleinau, B. A., D. L. de Melo, M. T. de Melo, D. C. P. Barbosa, A. J. B. Oliveira, C. P. N. Silva y J. M. A. M. de Oliveira. "Application of the Base Transceiver Station with Smart Antennas in the Power Distribution Sector". International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2021 (18 de junio de 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6621116.

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The use of distribution automation systems has grown significantly in electricity companies in recent years. The main reason for this is the need to have a smarter network, in order to reduce the time of power interruption. For such applications, communication using radio frequency is preferred because this solution is more reliable than 3G/4G and cheaper than fiber optics. In this context, it is of utmost importance to have a more efficient base transceiver station (BTS) that can cover the communication of a larger area. In this paper, the mathematical concepts of an intelligent antenna array, as well as the logical operation of an intelligent radiation system controller, are presented. Such system receives as inputs the geographic coordinates of network elements and automatically feeds an intelligent Yagi–Uda antenna array with the appropriate parameters, in order to optimize the radiation pattern into the desired directions. The presented model uses a stochastic optimization method to automatically achieve a set of optimal electrical parameters to excite the array and efficiently direct its beams in a fully controlled way. Thus, the results obtained indicate that the proposed intelligent scheme allows the energy optimization of the antenna system, reducing in 61% the number of BTS needed to cover the same area, when compared to traditional collinear antenna systems.

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40

Mehedi, Ibrahim M., K. Prahlad Rao, Ubaid M. Al-Saggaf, Hadi Mohsen Alkanfery, Maamar Bettayeb y Rahtul Jannat. "Intelligent Tomographic Microwave Imaging for Breast Tumor Localization". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (25 de mayo de 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4090351.

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Researchers are continuously exploring the potential use of microwave imaging in the early detection of breast cancer. The technique offers a promising alternative to mammography, a standard clinical imaging procedure today. The contrast in dielectric properties between normal and cancerous tissues makes microwave imaging a viable technique for detecting breast cancer. Experimental results are presented in this paper that demonstrate the detection of breast cancer using microwaves operating at 2.4 GHz. The procedure involves antenna fabrication, phantom tissue development, and image reconstruction. Design and fabrication of patch antenna are used in the study, described in detail. The patch antenna pair is used for transmitting and receiving source waves. Tissue mimicking models were developed from paraffin wax and glycerin for the dielectric constants of 9 and 47, respectively, representing the tissue and tumor. Further, AI-based tomographic images were obtained by implementing a filtered back-projection algorithm in the computer. In the results, the presence of the tumor is quantitatively analyzed.

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41

Lin, Huifa, Won-Yong Shin y Jingon Joung. "Support Vector Machine-Based Transmit Antenna Allocation for Multiuser Communication Systems". Entropy 21, n.º 5 (6 de mayo de 2019): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21050471.

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In this paper, a support vector machine (SVM) technique has been applied to an antenna allocation system with multiple antennas in multiuser downlink communications. Here, only the channel magnitude information is available at the transmitter. Thus, a subset of transmit antennas that can reduce multiuser interference is selected based on such partial channel state information to support multiple users. For training, we generate the feature vectors by fully utilizing the characteristics of the interference-limited setup in the multiuser downlink system and determine the corresponding class label by evaluating a key performance indicator, i.e., sum rate in multiuser communications. Using test channels, we evaluate the performance of our antenna allocation system invoking the SVM-based allocation and optimization-based allocation, in terms of sum-rate performance and computational complexity. Rigorous testing allowed for a comparison of a SVM algorithm design between one-vs-one (OVO) and one-vs-all (OVA) strategies and a kernel function: (i) OVA is preferable to OVO since OVA can achieve almost the same sum rate as OVO with significantly reduced computational complexity, (ii) a Gaussian function is a good choice as the kernel function for the SVM, and (iii) the variance (kernel scale) and penalty parameter (box constraint) of an SVM kernel function are determined by 21.56 and 7.67, respectively. Further simulation results revealed that the designed SVM-based approach can remarkably reduce the time complexity compared to a traditional optimization-based approach, at the cost of marginal sum rate degradation. Our proposed framework offers some important insights for intelligently combining machine learning techniques and multiuser wireless communications.

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42

Rahmani, Faouzi, Naima Amar Touhami, Abdelmounaim Belbachir Kchairi y Nihade Taher. "Wideband Reconfigurable Antenna with Beams Switching for Wireless Systems Applications". Proceedings 63, n.º 1 (18 de diciembre de 2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020063036.

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In this paper, a new wideband reconfigurable antenna with beams switching for wireless systems applications is presented and studied. The radiation pattern of the proposed antenna can be changed using the PIN diodes. The designed antenna has a bandwidth of 26.75% from 5.31 to 6.95 GHz and can steer the beam in the azimuth plane. The simulated realized gain of the antenna obtained is 5.9 dB at 5.8 GHz. The proposed antenna can operate for various wireless systems, such as Wi-Fi, WiMAX, Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) and C-band satellite. The simulated results are also presented and investigated.

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43

Machiels, Jarne, Raf Appeltans, Dieter Klaus Bauer, Elien Segers, Zander Henckens, Wouter Van Rompaey, Dimitri Adons et al. "Screen Printed Antennas on Fiber-Based Substrates for Sustainable HF RFID Assisted E-Fulfilment Smart Packaging". Materials 14, n.º 19 (23 de septiembre de 2021): 5500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14195500.

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Intelligent packaging is an emerging technology, aiming to improve the standard communication function of packaging. Radio frequency identification (RFID) assisted smart packaging is of high interest, but the uptake is limited as the market needs cost-efficient and sustainable applications. The integration of screen printed antennas and RFID chips as smart labels in reusable cardboard packaging could offer a solution. Although paper is an interesting and recyclable material, printing on this substrate is challenging as the ink conductivity is highly influenced by the paper properties. In this study, the best paper/functional silver ink combinations were first selected out of 76 paper substrates based on the paper surface roughness, air permeance, sheet resistance and SEM characterization. Next, a flexible high frequency RFID chip (13.56 MHz) was connected on top of screen printed antennas with a conductive adhesive. Functional RFID labels were integrated in cardboard packaging and its potential application as reusable smart box for third party logistics was tested. In parallel, a web-based software application mimicking its functional abilities in the logistic cycle was developed. This multidisciplinary approach to developing an easy-scalable screen printed antenna and RFID-assisted smart packaging application is a good example for future implementation of hybrid electronics in sustainable smart packaging.

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44

Ni, Wei. "A Self-Learning Based Antenna System for Indoor Wireless Network". International Journal of Advanced Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing 9, n.º 4 (octubre de 2017): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijapuc.2017100104.

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This paper provides an intelligent antenna system for indoor coverage wireless network. With the proposed antenna system, it can estimate user equipment (UE) distribution by a long-term self-learning mechanism. Based on such estimated UE distribution, it can reallocate radio power on each antenna. As a result, it can increase frequency spectrum efficiency and improve system capacity compared with the traditional system. In addition, this solution can also save energy and control interference to neighbor system.

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45

Lee, Jong-Hwan, Jeung-Min Joo, Kichul Kim, Jung-Hoon Lee y Young-Ju Park. "Practical Consideration Factors to Design Array Configuration of Direction Finding System for Airborne Signal Intelligence". Security and Communication Networks 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9185760.

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Airborne signal intelligence (SIGINT) systems must be capable of locating radio signal sources. Direction finding (DF) to support this capability is an important factor. There are some practical considerations to be taken when designing the array configuration of a DF system for airborne SIGINT systems. This paper summarizes the practical factors when designing the array configuration of the DF system for airborne SIGINT. In particular, it focuses on four areas: antenna consideration factors when installing the DF system for airborne SIGINT from a practical point of view, array configuration methods for airborne communications intelligence and electronic intelligence, and a numerical analysis to select the optimum antenna position for airborne SIGINT.

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46

Choi, Yoon-Seon, Ji-Hun Hong y Jong-Myung Woo. "Design of Antenna for Intelligent Detection Sensor". Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems 19, n.º 2 (30 de abril de 2020): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12815/kits.2020.19.2.104.

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47

Luo, Q., S. Gao y D. Zhou. "Intelligent antenna technology for mobile satellite communications". e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik 131, n.º 6 (13 de agosto de 2014): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00502-014-0212-2.

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48

Rahayu, Yusnita, Raja D.A y Yoga B. P. "A Compact Design of Transparent Microstrip Antenna For Wireless Car-to-Car Communication System". International Journal of Electrical, Energy and Power System Engineering 2, n.º 2 (18 de junio de 2019): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/ijeepse.2.2.12-15.

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In this paper, a compact design of transparent rectangular microstrip antenna with a slotted ground plane has been designed and evaluated to support Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). The proposed antenna consists of a single element using transparent conductive film AgHT-4 layered on a plain glass substrate, fed by a single 50 Ω SMA port. The antenna is working on 5.9 GHz based on IEEE 802.11p for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE) Standard. The design concept is to have arc shape slot out of the ground plane of a microstrip patch antenna to enable wideband frequency. The proposed antenna provides ultra wide impedance bandwidth around 750 MHz (5.48-6.23 GHz) at a center frequency of 5.9 GHz. The proposed transparent antenna has a directivity gain of 6.266 dBi.

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49

Alsisi, Rayan Hamza, Arshad Karimbu Vallappil y Hafiz Abdul Wajid. "A Metamaterial-Based Double-Sided Bowtie Antenna for Intelligent Transport System Communications Operating in Public Safety Band". Crystals 13, n.º 2 (19 de febrero de 2023): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13020360.

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In this paper, a compact design and new structure of bowtie antenna with dual-band characteristics for the 5G and public safety bands in intelligent transport systems (ITS) is presented. The antenna consists of a double-sided bowtie radiating patch with partial ground plane. A triangular complementary split-ring resonator (TCSRR) metamaterial (MTM) structure was etched on the radiating patch, to develop a dual band and a single notch band between 3.85 and 4.65 GHz. The proposed antenna had an overall size of 36 × 36 mm2 and was fabricated using a FR4 substrate with a thickness and dielectric permittivity (εr) of 1.6 mm and 4.3, respectively. CST microwave studio software was used for the design of antenna. The measured frequency results show impedance bandwidths of 3.45–3.85 GHz and 4.65–5.4 GHz, for a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) less than 2. The proposed antenna operates at 3.5 GHz and 4.9 GHz, providing bandwidths of 400 MHz and 750 MHz, respectively, which cover the 5G and public safety bands. A prototype was fabricated and measured based upon optimal parameters, and the experimental results showed consistency with the simulation results. The proposed antenna provided a simulated/measured gain of 5.64 dBi/5 dBi and 4 dBi/3.7 dBi at 3.5 GHz and 4.9 GHz, respectively. The enhanced bandwidth and better gain results of the proposed antenna make it an ideal candidate for an ITS operating in the 5G and public safety bands.

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Kannappan, Lekha, Sandeep Kumar Palaniswamy, Lulu Wang, Malathi Kanagasabai, Sachin Kumar, Mohammed Gulam Nabi Alsath y Thipparaju Rama Rao. "Quad-Port Multiservice Diversity Antenna for Automotive Applications". Sensors 21, n.º 24 (9 de diciembre de 2021): 8238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248238.

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A quad-element multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with ultra-wideband (UWB) performance is presented in this paper. The MIMO antenna consists of four orthogonally arranged microstrip line-fed hexagonal monopole radiators and a modified ground plane. In addition, E-shaped and G-shaped stubs are added to the radiator to achieve additional resonances at 1.5 GHz and 2.45 GHz. The reliability of the antenna in the automotive environment is investigated, with housing effects taken into account. The housing effects show that the antenna performs consistently even in the presence of a large metal object. The proposed MIMO antenna has potential for various automotive applications, including vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-everything (V2X), intelligent transport system (ITS), automatic vehicle identifier, and RFID-based electronic toll collection.

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