Bibliografías temáticas / Ancient textile fabrics

Literatura académica sobre el tema "Ancient textile fabrics"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 3 de marzo de 2023

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Ancient textile fabrics"

1

Wang, Ping, Tian Tian Li y Ji Huan He. "Determination of the Del Zone in Tearing of Textiles Using an Ancient Chinese Algorithm". Advanced Materials Research 796 (septiembre de 2013): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.796.183.

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Resistance of tear is an important characteristic of textile materials, especially for fabrics used for personal protective equipment. In this study, a constant force is applied to tear the fabric specimens to obtain the del-zone theoretically. The strain-stress curve for a single yarn is obtained from experiment, and the del-zone is determined by an ancient Chinese algorithm. This combination of ancient Chinese algorithm and actual tearing behavior of woven fabrics provides a noval analysis approach of tearing performance of textile product theoretically.
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2

Kaljus, Astri. "Reconstructing fabrics used in the clothing of “Kukruse Woman” from the late 12th century: A craftsperson’s perspective". Studia Vernacula 11 (5 de noviembre de 2019): 148–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sv.2019.11.148-163.

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This article focuses on the reconstruction of fabrics based on archaeological finds. When a woman’s grave from the late twelfth century AD (Kukruse Burial VI) was unearthed at Kukruse in eastern Estonia, archaeologists involved experts from various fields in studying the materials that were found in the grave – from natural scientists to textile researchers. A set of clothing was reproduced from what was found in the grave of the “Kukruse Woman”. The grave that served as the basis for this study featured plentiful amounts of jewellery and bronze embellishments, but textile remains were extremely scarce. It was for this reason that, when it came to weaving the fabrics, other archaeological textile finds that date back to the same period had to be relied on to a degree. The aim was to achieve a visual resemblance to the historic fabric. When weaving the woollen fabrics, the yarn used was from the wool of an ancient Estonian sheep breed, the native Kihnu type, which was spun in a way that is customary for contemporary woollen mills. In order to obtain the required shade of blue, synthetic dyes were used on the yarn. The tools used met the needs of a modern weaver and increased the efficiency of the work. This article interprets handicraft skills on the basis of the crafter’s personal experience, primarily from a weaver’s perspective. Reconstructing an ancient fabric includes not only reproducing the item itself, but also the process of studying and recreating inherited skills that had since been lost. Keywords: woollen fabric, reconstructing clothing, archaeological textile finds, weaving
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3

Kaljus, Astri. "Reconstructing fabrics used in the clothing of “Kukruse Woman” from the late 12th century: A craftsperson’s perspective". Studia Vernacula 11 (5 de noviembre de 2019): 148–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sv.2019.11.148-163.

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This article focuses on the reconstruction of fabrics based on archaeological finds. When a woman’s grave from the late twelfth century AD (Kukruse Burial VI) was unearthed at Kukruse in eastern Estonia, archaeologists involved experts from various fields in studying the materials that were found in the grave – from natural scientists to textile researchers. A set of clothing was reproduced from what was found in the grave of the “Kukruse Woman”. The grave that served as the basis for this study featured plentiful amounts of jewellery and bronze embellishments, but textile remains were extremely scarce. It was for this reason that, when it came to weaving the fabrics, other archaeological textile finds that date back to the same period had to be relied on to a degree. The aim was to achieve a visual resemblance to the historic fabric. When weaving the woollen fabrics, the yarn used was from the wool of an ancient Estonian sheep breed, the native Kihnu type, which was spun in a way that is customary for contemporary woollen mills. In order to obtain the required shade of blue, synthetic dyes were used on the yarn. The tools used met the needs of a modern weaver and increased the efficiency of the work. This article interprets handicraft skills on the basis of the crafter’s personal experience, primarily from a weaver’s perspective. Reconstructing an ancient fabric includes not only reproducing the item itself, but also the process of studying and recreating inherited skills that had since been lost. Keywords: woollen fabric, reconstructing clothing, archaeological textile finds, weaving
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4

Kaljus, Astri. "Reconstructing fabrics used in the clothing of “Kukruse Woman” from the late 12th century: A craftsperson’s perspective". Studia Vernacula 11 (5 de noviembre de 2019): 148–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sv.2019.11.148-163.

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This article focuses on the reconstruction of fabrics based on archaeological finds. When a woman’s grave from the late twelfth century AD (Kukruse Burial VI) was unearthed at Kukruse in eastern Estonia, archaeologists involved experts from various fields in studying the materials that were found in the grave – from natural scientists to textile researchers. A set of clothing was reproduced from what was found in the grave of the “Kukruse Woman”. The grave that served as the basis for this study featured plentiful amounts of jewellery and bronze embellishments, but textile remains were extremely scarce. It was for this reason that, when it came to weaving the fabrics, other archaeological textile finds that date back to the same period had to be relied on to a degree. The aim was to achieve a visual resemblance to the historic fabric. When weaving the woollen fabrics, the yarn used was from the wool of an ancient Estonian sheep breed, the native Kihnu type, which was spun in a way that is customary for contemporary woollen mills. In order to obtain the required shade of blue, synthetic dyes were used on the yarn. The tools used met the needs of a modern weaver and increased the efficiency of the work. This article interprets handicraft skills on the basis of the crafter’s personal experience, primarily from a weaver’s perspective. Reconstructing an ancient fabric includes not only reproducing the item itself, but also the process of studying and recreating inherited skills that had since been lost. Keywords: woollen fabric, reconstructing clothing, archaeological textile finds, weaving
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5

Azam, Farooq, Faheem Ahmad, Zeynep Ulker, Muhammad Sohail Zafar, Sheraz Ahmad, Abher Rasheed, Yasir Nawab y Can Erkey. "The Role and Applications of Aerogels in Textiles". Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (17 de septiembre de 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2407769.

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Textiles have been used for clothing purposes since ancient times. However, due to their functional properties, their importance—as well as their use in various fields such as filtration, protective clothing, and medical applications—increased over time. Properties of the textile fabrics depend mostly on the fiber type, fabrication technique, and structure. Moreover, fabric porosity is one of the properties that provide comfort, increased thermal insulation, and filtration capability to the end products. The porous structure of woven, knitted, and nonwoven fabrics has been used for many years to get the desired porosity. Usually, macroporous structures are achieved using these types of textiles. Electrospinning is used to produce nanoporous textile fibrous web, but its poor mechanical properties and low production rate limit its use. Aerogels are solid materials with ultrahigh porosity at the nanoscale with low density and good thermal insulation properties, due to which they are considered potential insulation materials today. On the other hand, pure aerogels are sometimes brittle and have poor mechanical properties. Thus, they cannot be directly used in various applications. Consequently, textile reinforced aerogel composites have been developed, which could provide flexibility and strength to aerogels and impart nanoporous structure to textiles. This review summarizes conventional techniques to produce the porous structure in textiles followed by the modern techniques to develop a nanoporous structure. Further, different mechanisms to synthesize textile reinforced aerogel composites are discussed to get a nanoporous structure for filtration and thermal insulation applications. The porosity, mechanical properties, and thermal insulation of textile reinforced aerogel composites are also highlighted. In the end, we give a conclusion that not only summarizes the literature, but also includes recommendations for the researchers.
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6

De Caro, Giannini, Lassandro, Scattarella, Sibillano, Matricciani y Fanti. "X-Ray Dating of Ancient Linen Fabrics". Heritage 2, n.º 4 (18 de noviembre de 2019): 2763–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage2040171.

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We propose a new method for dating ancient linen threads by inspecting their structural degradation by means of wide-angle X-ray scattering. X-ray dating of a textile sample can be performed nondestructively and on a submillimeter area, e.g., 0.2 0.5 mm2, exploiting new table-top X-ray micro-sources. A theoretical formula is derived for dating linen samples directly from wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements. Our preliminary results show that X-ray dating results are in agreement with other dating sources, such as the radiocarbon method and historical records, if some conditions are satisfied. Indeed, this new dating method can be applied only to threads not older than about thirty centuries because of the saturation of the structural degradation with age. Moreover, the method can be applied only on textiles in which cellulose degradation is mainly due by natural aging arising from thermal, hydrolytic, photolytic, photochemical, and oxidative processes. Analyses can be repeated several times on the same sample, which remains unaltered for other complementary characterization procedures. The proposed X-ray dating of some ancient linen fabrics opens the way to explore limits and potentialities of this new approach and to further develop a new dating method, alternative to the existing ones for specific applications in archeological studies.
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7

Spantidaki, Stella y Christina Margariti. "Archaeological textiles excavated in Greece". Archaeological Reports 63 (noviembre de 2017): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0570608418000054.

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This paper offers an account of the archaeological textiles excavated in Greece, consideration of the challenges one has to deal with when studying such materials and a discussion of ways to overcome them. A complete list of archaeological textiles excavated in Greece is not within the scope of this paper, since such comprehensive studies have been published previously (Spantidaki and Moulhérat 2012; Moulhérat and Spantidaki 2016) and, of course, the corpus of such textiles is continuously expanding.The study of textiles is an emerging and fast-growing field of Greek archaeology (Gleba 2011). The number of archaeologists and conservators working with and studying archaeological textiles is steadily increasing, thus raising the general awareness of textiles and expanding the corpus of known ancient fabrics. In recent years, several research projects have investigated ancient Greek textiles, such as those conducted by the Centre for Textile Research at the University of Copenhagen (for example Textile Economies in the Mediterranean Area), several funded by Marie Skłodowska Curie Action grants and some by European Research Council grants (for example Production and Consumption: Textile Economy and Urbanisation in Mediterranean Europe 1000–500 BCE hosted by Cambridge University).
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8

Kaljus, Astri. "12. sajandi lõpu Kukruse „memme“ rõivakangaste rekonstrueerimise lugu käsitöölise vaatenurgast / Reconstructing Fabrics Used in the Clothing of “Kukruse Woman” from the Late 12th Century: a Crafter’s Perspective". Studia Vernacula 7 (4 de noviembre de 2016): 130–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sv.2016.7.130-146.

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This article focuses on the reconstruction of fabrics based on archaeological finds. When a woman’s grave from the late twelfth century AD (Kukruse Burial VI) was unearthed at Kukruse in eastern Estonia, archaeologists involved scientists from various fields in the study of the materials that were found in the grave – from natural scientists to textile researchers. A set of clothing was reproduced from what was found in the “Kukruse Woman” grave.The grave that served as the basis for this study featured plentiful amounts of jewellery and bronze embellishments, but textile remains were extremely scarce. It was for this reason that when it came to weaving the fabrics some reliance had to be placed on other archaeological textile finds that dated back to the same period. The aim was to achieve a visual resemblance to the historic fabric. When weaving the woollen fabrics, use was made of yarn from the wool of an ancient Estonian sheep breed, the native Kihnu type, which was spun in a way that is customary for contemporary woollen mills. In order to obtain the required shade of blue, synthetic dyes were used on the yarn. The tools used met the needs of a modern weaver and increased the efficiency of the work. This article interprets handicraft skills on the basis of the crafter’s personal experience, primarily from a weaver’s perspective. Reconstructing an ancient fabric includes not only reproducing the item itself, but also the process of studying and recreating inherited skills that had since been lost.
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9

Kaljus, Astri. "12. sajandi lõpu Kukruse „memme“ rõivakangaste rekonstrueerimise lugu käsitöölise vaatenurgast / Reconstructing Fabrics Used in the Clothing of “Kukruse Woman” from the Late 12th Century: a Crafter’s Perspective". Studia Vernacula 7 (4 de noviembre de 2016): 130–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sv.2016.7.130-146.

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This article focuses on the reconstruction of fabrics based on archaeological finds. When a woman’s grave from the late twelfth century AD (Kukruse Burial VI) was unearthed at Kukruse in eastern Estonia, archaeologists involved scientists from various fields in the study of the materials that were found in the grave – from natural scientists to textile researchers. A set of clothing was reproduced from what was found in the “Kukruse Woman” grave.The grave that served as the basis for this study featured plentiful amounts of jewellery and bronze embellishments, but textile remains were extremely scarce. It was for this reason that when it came to weaving the fabrics some reliance had to be placed on other archaeological textile finds that dated back to the same period. The aim was to achieve a visual resemblance to the historic fabric. When weaving the woollen fabrics, use was made of yarn from the wool of an ancient Estonian sheep breed, the native Kihnu type, which was spun in a way that is customary for contemporary woollen mills. In order to obtain the required shade of blue, synthetic dyes were used on the yarn. The tools used met the needs of a modern weaver and increased the efficiency of the work. This article interprets handicraft skills on the basis of the crafter’s personal experience, primarily from a weaver’s perspective. Reconstructing an ancient fabric includes not only reproducing the item itself, but also the process of studying and recreating inherited skills that had since been lost.
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10

Simion Beldean-Galea, Mihail, Florina-Maria Copaciu y Maria-Virginia Coman. "Chromatographic Analysis of Textile Dyes". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 101, n.º 5 (1 de septiembre de 2018): 1353–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.18-0066.

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Abstract The textile industry uses many raw materials (natural and synthetic dyes and fibers) and different dyeing techniques that can be considered important pollutants with a negative impact on the environment (toxic working conditions, discharged wastewater, and contamination). Although synthetic dyes are intensively used, offer a wide range of colors and hues and properties of adhesion, longevity, and resistance to sunshine and chemical processes, and are cost-effective, they have begun to be restricted by many textile producers because they are nonbiodegradable and have toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic effects that generate some imbalances in plant, animal, and human life. Natural dyes of plant and animal origin exhibit very good tolerance to washing, rubbing, and light and are biodegradable and nontoxic; these properties have led to a call for the renewed use of these dyes. Modern analytical techniques (solid-phase extraction, spectrophotometry, HPLC, HPTLC, capillary electrophoresis) with different spectroscopy (UV-Vis, diode-array detection, pulsed amperometric detection) and/or MS/tandem mass spectrometry detectors have an important role in the textile industry in obtaining essential information about dyeing techniques, material origin, historical trade routes of ancient textiles, and environmental pollution. For this purpose, isolation, separation, and quantification methods of natural and synthetic textile dyes from various matrices (ancient and modern fabrics, water, biota, etc.) are presented.
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Tesis sobre el tema "Ancient textile fabrics"

1

Feik, Jennifer. "An analysis of textile roles in pre-history Olmec and Chinese civilizations". online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2004. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?1419178.

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Marsh-Letts, Glennda Susan. "Ancient Egyptian linen : the role of natron and other salts in the preservation and conservation of archaeolgical textiles : a pilot study". Thesis, View thesis, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/20291.

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An understanding of the physical and chemical nature of archaeological textiles is an important prerequisite for their successful conservation treatment, display and storage. Ancient Egyptian linen textiles were examined through a combination of optical microscopy, environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), ion chromatography (IC), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA). These analytical techniques were used to distinguish between flax fibres, foreign matter present on and within flax fibres, and natron or other salts absorbed into the linen fibres in a form of partial mineralization. The use of ESEM enabled the observation and recording of the movement of salts, in real time, during cycles of hydration and dehydration. Few studies have been undertaken to date on the dynamics of salt crystallisation within organic archaeological materials, and none previous to this has been published showing the dynamics of salt crystallisation within archaeological textiles. Once the dynamics of salt crystallisation were viewed and recorded it became possible to investigate methods for the treatment of salt affected textiles through washing trials followed by alternative methods of drying. The release of salts from linen samples during washing in deionized water was monitored using IC and ESEM with EDXA, showing the pattern of salt removal and retention. The use of IC, ESEM and EDXA to monitor salt removal in textiles has not previously been reported. A conservation treatment for ancient Egyptian linen was developed, incorporating a long water washing to remove salts, soils and organic deposits, followed immediately by carefully controlled freeze drying. This was effective in preserving the integrity of the ancient linen. By combining archaeological, historical and chemical data, this pilot study of the effects of salts upon and within linen textiles has widened our understanding of the role played by salts in both the deterioration and the preservation of the textiles.
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3

Katterman, Grace. "STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF TYPE IB AND IC TAPESTRY TUNICS FROM THE MIDDLE HORIZON WARI CULTURE OF ANCIENT PERU". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276904.

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Marsh-Letts, Glennda Susan. "Ancient Egyptian linen - the role of natron and other salts in the preservation and conservation of archaeolgical textiles a pilot study /". View thesis, 2002. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20031219.155140/index.html.

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Marsh-Letts, Glennda Susan, University of Western Sydney y School of Civic Engineering and Environment. "Ancient Egyptian linen : the role of natron and other salts in the preservation and conservation of archaeolgical textiles : a pilot study". 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/20291.

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An understanding of the physical and chemical nature of archaeological textiles is an important prerequisite for their successful conservation treatment, display and storage. Ancient Egyptian linen textiles were examined through a combination of optical microscopy, environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), ion chromatography (IC), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA). These analytical techniques were used to distinguish between flax fibres, foreign matter present on and within flax fibres, and natron or other salts absorbed into the linen fibres in a form of partial mineralization. The use of ESEM enabled the observation and recording of the movement of salts, in real time, during cycles of hydration and dehydration. Few studies have been undertaken to date on the dynamics of salt crystallisation within organic archaeological materials, and none previous to this has been published showing the dynamics of salt crystallisation within archaeological textiles. Once the dynamics of salt crystallisation were viewed and recorded it became possible to investigate methods for the treatment of salt affected textiles through washing trials followed by alternative methods of drying. The release of salts from linen samples during washing in deionized water was monitored using IC and ESEM with EDXA, showing the pattern of salt removal and retention. The use of IC, ESEM and EDXA to monitor salt removal in textiles has not previously been reported. A conservation treatment for ancient Egyptian linen was developed, incorporating a long water washing to remove salts, soils and organic deposits, followed immediately by carefully controlled freeze drying. This was effective in preserving the integrity of the ancient linen. By combining archaeological, historical and chemical data, this pilot study of the effects of salts upon and within linen textiles has widened our understanding of the role played by salts in both the deterioration and the preservation of the textiles.
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6

Green, Gillian. "Royalty and ritual - : the origins of the Cambodian costume and textile tradition". Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/148155.

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Libros sobre el tema "Ancient textile fabrics"

1

Carole, Gillis, Nosch Marie-Louise y Danish National Research Foundation. Centre for Textile Research., eds. Ancient textiles: Production, craft and society : Proceedings of the First International Conference on Ancient Textiles, held at Lund, Sweden, and Copenhagen, Denmark, on March 19-23, 2003. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2007.

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Anton, Ferdinand. Ancient Peruvian textiles. New York, N.Y: Thames and Hudson, 1987.

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3

Hero, Granger-Taylor, Monnas Lisa y Pasold Research Fund Ltd, eds. Ancient and medieval textiles: Studies in honour of Donald King. [London]: Pasold Research Fund, 1989.

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Lisa, Monnas, Granger-Taylor Hero y Pasold Research Fund Ltd, eds. Ancient and medieval textiles: Studies in honour of Donald King. [England]: Pasold Research Fund, 1990.

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de, Moor A., Fluck Cäcilia y Falck Susanne, eds. Methods of dating ancient textiles of the 1st millennium AD from Egypt and neighbouring countries: Proceedings of the 4th meeting of the study group "Textiles from the Nile Valley', Antwerp, 16-17 April 2005. Tielt, Belgium: Lannoo, 2007.

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Textilsymposium Neumünster (1993 Textilmuseum Neumünster). Textilsymposium Neumünster, 4. - 7. 5. 1993 (Nesat V). Editado por Jaacks Gisela, Tidow Klaus y Textilmuseum Neumünster (Schleswig-Holstein Germany). Neumünster: Textilmuseum Neumünster, 1994.

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Hodnett, M. K. Weaving samplers of ancient Peru. [Perú]: Amano Museum, 2004.

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Textile masterpieces of ancient Peru: With 77 illustrations in full color. New York: Dover Publications, 1986.

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Spätantike und koptische Wirkereien: Untersuchungen zur ikonographischen Tradition in spätantiken und frühmittelalterlichen Textilwerkstätten. Bern: P. Lang, 1992.

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Petzel, Florence Eloise. Textiles of ancient Mesopotamia, Persia, and Egypt. [Corvallis, Or.?]: F.E. Petzel, 1987.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Ancient textile fabrics"

1

Mohamed, Huda. "History of the Textile Industry in Egypt". En Preservation and Restoration Techniques for Ancient Egyptian Textiles, 1–23. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4811-0.ch001.

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Egypt is one of the most famous countries in the textile industry, this industry has flourished as a result of availability of many factors helping the industry prosper throughout its history.Therefore, this chapter aims to study the history of archaeological textiles in Egypt from Pharaonic era through Coptic and Islamic periods. The study begins with the raw materials of natural fibres used in textile's industry, technical methods from spinning and threads preparation, dyes, weaving on looms, and types of looms. Then, it looks at decorative methods used in textiles. In addition to studying the history and development of Islamic textiles in Egypt, decorations, and fabrics produced during Islamic age, it will also study the most important centers in industry and trade textile during that period.
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Gouda, Maha, Mostafa Atiaa y Omar Abdel-Kareem. "Investigation and Analysis of Ancient Dyed Textiles". En Preservation and Restoration Techniques for Ancient Egyptian Textiles, 93–118. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4811-0.ch005.

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A material investigation is a very important step in the documentation of the component's properties for materials of an object, in estimating its condition, and in considering appropriate conservation treatments. Textile fibers are the fundamental unit of material that makes up fabrics and textiles. Fibers are frequently classed as either natural or man-made, though there are also several categories and sub-types. Natural fibers are further categorized based on their origin (vegetable, animal, or mineral). According to that, this chapter deals with investigation methods for both main components of ancient textiles, fibers, and dyes; as the analysis of the materials utilized in textile dyeing could also be a valuable tool to know how an object originally looked, how old it is, and where it comes from. This data allows conservators to settle on appropriate procedures for restoration and dating textiles depending upon its manufacturing discovery date and its type of dye.
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Singh, Sudarshan y Warangkana Chunglok. "Potential Application of Biopolymers in the Textile Industry". En Biopolymers Towards Green and Sustainable Development, 153–67. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815079302122010010.

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Textile configurations are derived from two major sources such as ancient handicraft and modern scientific inventions. Textile fabrication using polymeric fiber is one of the fastest-growing sectors since the 19th century and is currently the secondlargest manufacturing industry after information technology. Although polymers are predominantly used in the development of dosage forms, however recent devolvement in natural polymer chemistry reflects its association with the production of plastics, fibers, elastomers, etc. Innovation using natural polymer fibers-based textile could serve as an alternative capable of replacing synthetic polymer-based fibers. Polymers, especially fibers contribute significantly to the manufacturing of textiles. Moreover, copolymerization of fabrics fibers with excipients demonstrated potential for the development of materials useful in various biomedical applications. Furthermore, to understand the fundamental characteristics of polymeric fibers including structural composition, morphological features such as crystallinity, and orientation, a comprehensive skill is necessary. This chapter discusses the basic materials used in the fabrication of textile products, with emphasizes on bio-based polymers as an alternative to synthetic polymers in the production of fabrics.
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Kumar, Ashok, Utkarsh Dixit, Kaman Singh, Satya Prakash Gupta y Mirza S. Jamal Beg. "Structure and Properties of Dyes and Pigments". En Dyes and Pigments - Novel Applications and Waste Treatment. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97104.

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Colour is one of the elements of nature that makes human life more aesthetic and fascinating in the world. Plants, animals, and minerals have been used as primary sources for colourants, dyes or pigments since ancient times. In our daily life, we know about many substances which have specific colours. These are the substances which are used as colourants i.e.; colour imparting species. Both dyes and pigments are coloured as they absorb only some wavelength of visible light. Their structures have Aryl rings that have delocalized electron systems. These structures are said to be responsible for the absorption of electromagnetic radiation that has varying wavelengths, based upon the energy of the electron clouds. Dyes are coloured organic compounds that are used to impart colour to various substrates, including paper, leather, fur, hair, drugs, cosmetics, waxes, greases, plastics and textile materials. A Dye is a coloured compound due to the presence of chromophore and its fixed property to the acid or basic groups such as OH, SO3H, NH2, NR2, etc. The polar auxochrome makes the dye water-soluble and binds the dye to the fabric by interaction with the oppositely charged groups of the fabric structure. Pigments are organic and inorganic compounds which are practically insoluble in medium in which they are incorporated. Dyes and pigments are the most important colourants used to add colour or to change the colour of something. They are widely used in the textile, pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics, plastics, paint, ink, photographic and paper industries. This chapter is devoted to the structure and properties of dyes and pigments.
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