Tesis sobre el tema "Analyse du cycle de coût"
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Tähkämö, Leena. "Analyse de cycle de vie pour sources de lumière artificielle : étude et analyse des cas types". Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2211/.
Texto completoThe life cycle assessment method is standardized on a general level, but no established rules exist for conducting a life cycle assessment of light sources in detail. In most cases, it is impossible to directly compare the results of different assessments. Because of the major changes in the lighting market, it is useful to assess the environmental impacts of various light sources in similar methods. The work addresses this problem by presenting two models, a simple and an extensive one, for conducting the life cycle assessment of light sources rapidly and in a transparent, comparative way. The models are developed on the basis of four case studies presented in the work and a review to the life cycle assessment found in the literature. The case studies and the review of the previous life cycle assessments concluded similar findings despite the differences in the methods, scopes and evaluated light sources. The main conclusion of the life cycle assessments was the clear dominance of the use stage energy consumption. The environmental impacts of the use were found to be sensitive to the life of the light source and the used energy source. The dominance of the use stage was the clearest in light sources of low luminous efficacy and low manufacturing efforts and when using high-emission energy sources. The importance of the manufacturing is estimated to increase by a more detailed assessment of the manufacturing processes. The average environmental impacts of other life cycle stages, such as transport and end-of-life, were found practically negligible, but possibly notable in a certain environmental impact category
Saad, Lara. "Optimisation du coût du cycle de vie des structures en béton armé". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22692/document.
Texto completoCivil engineering structures, particularly reinforced concrete bridges, should be designed and managed to ensure the society needs. It is crucial to assure that these structures function properly and safely as damage during the service life can lead to transport disturbance, catastrophic loss of property, causalities, as well as severe economic, social, and environmental impacts, in addition to long term consequences. Decision-makers adopt various activities to maintain adequate long-term performance and functionality while satisfying financial constraints. Ideally, they may employ optimization techniques to identify the trade-offs between minimizing the life-cycle cost (LCC) and maximizing the expected service life. This requires the development of three challenging chores: life cycle analysis, reliability analysis and structural optimization. The current approaches for the design and management of structures through a Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) highlight the following needs: (1) an integrated and systematic approach to model coherently the deterioration processes, the increasing traffic loads, the aging and the direct and indirect consequences of failure, (2) a mutual consideration of economic, structural and stochastic dependencies between the elements of a structural system, (3) an adequate approach for the deterioration dependencies and load redistribution between the elements, (4) an improvement of system reliability computation as a function of the structural redundancy and configuration that can take into account the dependencies between the elements, (5) a consideration of design and maintenance optimization procedures that focus coherently on the robustness of the management decision and on the satisfaction of reliability requirements.The overall objective of this study is to provide improved LCCA and procedures that can be applied to select optimal and robust design and maintenance decisions regarding new and existing reinforced concrete structures, by minimizing both manager and user costs, while providing the required safety along the structure lifetime, taking into account the most severe degradation processes and the dependencies between structural elements. In the first part of this thesis, a literature review concerning the current probabilistic design and maintenance procedures is presented, and the LCC components are discussed. Then, a new approach is developed to evaluate the user delay costs on a reinforced concrete bridge structure, based on direct and indirect costs related to degradation and failure, and to integrate it to the life cycle cost function, in order to allow for probabilistic design. In addition,the coupled corrosion-fatigue model is considered in the design optimization. Afterward, a structural maintenance planning approach is developed to consider the three types of interactions, namely economic, structural and stochastic dependencies. The proposed model uses fault tree analysis and conditional probabilities to reflect the dependencies in the maintenance planning. The consequences of degradation are evaluated and a method is proposed to account for the load redistribution. Moreover, a practical formulation for quantifying the reliability of a system formed of interrelated components is proposed, by the mean of a redundancy factor that can be computed by finite element analysis. Finally, a new optimization procedure is proposed, by taking into account the uncertainties in the analysis, and the structural ability to adapt to variability, unforeseen actions or deterioration mechanisms. The proposed procedure takes account of uncertainties andvariability in one consistent formulation, which is shown through numerical applications. (...)
Ahmed, Hussam. "Fiabilité et cycle de vie des composants mécaniques dégradés : essais de démonstration et analyse basée sur la fonction de Hasard". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845425.
Texto completoGodin, David. "Analyse environnementale et économique du cycle de vie d'un système d'épuration des eaux usées". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23528.
Texto completoDans le cadre de ce mémoire, les méthodologies de l’analyse de cycle de vie (ACV) et de l’analyse du cycle de coûts (ACC) sont appliquées à un système d’épuration des eaux usées municipales (STEP) afin de réaliser une évaluation intégrée du profil environnemental et économique du système. Suite à la revue de la littérature des ACVs portant sur des STEPs, des limitations ont été décelées en ce qui a trait à la définition de la fonction du système lors de la première étape de la réalisation de l’ACV. Les limitations dénotées ont mené au développement d’une méthodologie reposant sur le concept de bénéfice environnemental net (BEN) afin d’y pallier. La mise en application du concept de BEN requiert de réaliser des ACVs afin d’évaluer les impacts environnementaux potentiels évités et induits par l’épuration des eaux. Les impacts évités correspondent alors à la différence d’impacts potentiels entre un scénario hypothétique de rejet des eaux usées brutes et un scénario de rejet des eaux usées épurées par la STEP. Les impacts induits correspondent aux impacts générés par le cycle de vie du système d’épuration. Il est à noter que la présentation du concept de BEN ainsi que son application à une l’étude de cas font l’objet d’une publication (Godin et coll., 2012). Les méthodologies du BEN et de l’ACC sont appliquées à l’étude de cas d’un système d’épuration constitué d’étangs aérés facultatifs. Des inventaires des charges des polluants de l’affluent et de l’effluent de la STEP sont compilés afin d’évaluer les impacts potentiels évités en considérant les charges en matières organiques, en nutriments et en métaux lourds ainsi qu’en estimant les émissions potentielles de gaz à effet de serre des rejets directs de matière organique et d’azote au milieu récepteur. Les inventaires de caractérisation des impacts du cycle de vie du système incluent la phase de construction, l’opération ainsi que l’évaluation des impacts induits par une disposition des boues par épandage sur sol agricole et sur sol forestier. L’ACVI réalisée en ayant recours à la méthode ReCiPe et en mettant de l’avant le concept de BEN permet de constater le compromis environnemental fourni par le système d’épuration. L’évaluation comparée de l’ACC et de l’ACV du cycle de vie du système permet d’évaluer la contribution relative des différents éléments du cycle de vie sous les aspects environnementaux et économiques. La comparaison des variantes de disposition des boues permet, quant à elle, de comparer les effets sur les catégories d’impacts potentiels liées à la toxicité du choix du milieu récepteur des boues. L’application de la méthodologie du BEN lors de la réalisation d’ACV portant sur des STEPs permet de définir plus clairement la fonction principale de la STEP et permet d’éviter de considérer la STEP comme une source majeure de pollution. Elle fait de plus ressortir le manque de suivi des eaux usées en ce qui a trait à l’affluent ainsi qu’aux micropolluants.
Life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) methodologies are applied to a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in order to conduct an integrated environmental and economic assessment of the system. A Literature review showed that the system function definition has received little attention despite its great importance in past LCA studies applied to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This has led to some limitations in the interpretation of LCA results. A new methodology to perform LCA on WWTPs is proposed to avoid those limitations. It is based on net environmental benefit (NEB) evaluation and requires assessing the potential impact of releasing wastewater without and with treatment besides assessing the impact of the WWTP’s life cycle. Interested readers can find a presentation of the NEB methodology and its application to a case study of a small municipal WWTP consisting of facultative aerated lagoons in Godin et al., (2012). This thesis presents the life cycle inventories (LCI) conducted to perform the LCAs required to estimate the NEB and also shows the inventory and results of the LCC performed on the case study. LCIs include wastewater characterization (i.e. organic matter, phosphorus, nitrogen and heavy metals load), potential greenhouse gas emissions, WWTP construction and operation inventories including sludge removal and disposal. Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) was conducted using the ReCiPe impact assessment method. LCIA and LCC results allow comparing the relative contribution to environmental potential impacts and economic cost of the life cycle steps of the WWTP. The NEB allows showing the environmental trade-offs between avoided impact due to wastewater treatment and induced impact by the WWTP’s life cycle.
Yazdeen, Haji Haji. "Integrating Material Flow Cost Accounting with Life cycle assessment to Assess the Economic an Environmental Performances of Selected Wood Industries in the Landes de Gascogne Forest, France". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BORD0153.
Texto completoThere is an increasing understanding that our consumption and production patterns have to change to stay within our planetary boundaries, the planet being unable to indefinitely assimilate the effects of current anthropic activities. Correspondingly, in recent years, growing concerns about climate change pollution and biodiversity loss have driven business organizations to change their priorities, not only to achieve economic objectives, but also to consider ecological goals. Forestry, an important part of natural systems, has been a traditional supplier of renewable raw materials for industrial use (e.g., sawmilling for construction wood, pulp and paper, particle boards), as well as for domestic fuelwood. Although many studies have been conducted in this field, little attention has been paid to the importance of the monetary valuation of negative environmental impacts in order to determine the true price of wood products to take informed investment decisions. This study aims to assess economic and environmental performance of five maritime pinewood products during the gate-to-gate process (harvesting to semifinal product) in the Landes de Gascogne Forest (“Landes Forest”) in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of France. The product groups considered are construction wood, pulp, plywood, pellets and pallets. For this purpose, the study uses several systemanalytical methods in combination: material flow analysis (MFA), life-cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle costing (LCC) and material flow cost accounting (MFCA). The relevant MFA data in Chapter 3 was collected from an industrial partner and based on databases, literature sources and other references to obtain Life Cycle Inventories for the LCA study in Chapter 4. The LCA software SimaPro was used for this analysis, applying the ReCiPe life-cycle impact assessment method to identify the environmental impact (gate-to-gate) of the studied products. A cost model based on the Environmental Prices Handbook was developed in Chapter 5 to estimate the external costs based on the environmental impact results. This has been set for each product group and integrated into environmental LCC to compare the external with the internal costs, in far as possible with the data available. The methodologies have been tied together in Chapter 6 using MFCA; results correspond to the market share specified in Chapter 3 by MFA. We found that, among the studied products, unbleached pulp and plywood production have the highest economic and environmental costs at €32.36/€15.13 and €27.22/€7.14, respectively. That means that the best use of raw timber is as construction wood due to two reasons: first, the long lifespan of construction wood compared to other studied products; second, not only is less energy is required in the production process, but chemical materials are also absent from the process. This study proposes a suitable methodology framework for the economic and environmental assessment of forest products and other industries. Moreover, this work reviews the design and monitoring of wood from a sustainable resource and environmental impact perspective The environmental impacts costs (external costs or externalities) and key internal costs have been estimated for studied product groups. [...]
Babi, Almenar Javier. "Characterisation, biophysical modelling and monetary valuation of urban nature-based solutions as a support tool for urban planning and landscape design". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/288810.
Texto completoIl riconoscimento della natura nella risoluzione delle sfide sociali è diventato sempre più importante. Questo riconoscimento è stato associato allo sviluppo di nuovi concetti provenienti dalla scienza e dalla politica, come il capitale naturale, i servizi ecosistemici, le infrastrutture verdi e, più recentemente, le soluzioni basate sulla natura (NBS). NBS intende affrontare le sfide della società in una forma efficace e adattabile fornendo benefici economici, sociali e ambientali. Lo scopo di ricerca di questa tesi di dottorato è quello di sviluppare una valutazione ambientale ed economica delle NBS per territori altamente urbanizzati basata su logiche e modelli che hanno alla base i servizi ecosistemici, l'ecologia urbana e paesaggistica e degli approcci di approcio life cycle. Questo quadro di valutazione combinato aiuterebbe a capire meglio se le NBS sono costo effetive e se contribuiscono a uno sviluppo resiliente e sostenibile. Questo scopo di ricerca è sviluppato secondo quattro obiettivi specifici. Il primo obiettivo corrisponde alla caratterizzazione delle NBS in relazione ai contesti urbani e alle problematiche che possono aiutare ad affrontare o mitigare. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo è stata sviluppata una revisione critica dell letteratura sullo studio della relazione tra NBS, servizi ecosistemici (ES) e sfide urbane (UC). Come risultato principale, si ottiene un grafico delle relazioni causa-effetto plausibili tra NBS, ES ed UC. Il grafico rappresenta un primo passo per supportare la pianificazione urbana sostenibile, passando dai problemi (es. UC) alle azioni (es. NBS) alle risoluzioni (es. ES). Il secondo obiettivo corrisponde alla definizione di un set di metodi e indicatori di valutazione biofisica e monetaria adeguate per valutare il valore della NBS in contesti urbanizzati. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo, viene sviluppata una revisione dei metodi esistenti sulla valutazione dei servizi ecosistemici, l'analisi dei costi del ciclo di vita e la valutazione del ciclo di vita. La revisione tiene conto di vincoli specifici come la facilità d'uso e la disponibilità dei dati. Alla fine, sono stati selezionati potenziali metodi e indicatori, che saranno successivamente integrati nel quadro di valutazione combinato. Il terzo obiettivo corrisponde alla progettazione del quadro di valutazione combinato, integrando metodi di valutazione del ciclo di vita, ecologia paesaggistica / urbana e servizi ecosistemici che quantifica il valore ambientale ed economico della NBS informando sull'efficacia in termini di costi del suo intero ciclo di vita. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo, prima viene sviluppato un quadro concettuale. Da esso, viene sviluppato un modello di dinamica di sistemi per calcolare i servizi (e disservici) ecosistemici, il quale è interrelazionato con un metodo di valutazione life cycle. Questa valutazione combinata viene testata con un tipo di NBS pertinente (foresta urbana) in un caso di studio nell'area metropolitana di Madrid. Il quarto obiettivo è lo sviluppo di uno strumento di supporto decisionale (DSS) che integri il quadro di valutazione come parte dei processi di progettazione iterativa nella pianificazione urbana e nella progettazione del paesaggio. Il DSS intende migliorare l'interrelazione tra scienza, politica e pianificazione / progettazione. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo è stato sviluppato Nbenefit$® un prototipo di DSS online per la valutazzione NBS di facile uso. Il prototipo DSS fornisce all'utente una forma semplice per quantificare multipli ES e costi (internalizatti o no) durante l'intero ciclo di vita (implementazione, vita operativa e fine vita) del NBS. In conclusione, questa tesi ha contribuito alla caratterizzazione di NBS e alla sua valutazione ambientale ed economica per informare i processi di pianificazione urbana e progettazione del paesaggio, consentendo decisioni più informate.
Babi, Almenar Javier. "Characterisation, biophysical modelling and monetary valuation of urban nature-based solutions as a support tool for urban planning and landscape design". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/288810.
Texto completoIl riconoscimento della natura nella risoluzione delle sfide sociali è diventato sempre più importante. Questo riconoscimento è stato associato allo sviluppo di nuovi concetti provenienti dalla scienza e dalla politica, come il capitale naturale, i servizi ecosistemici, le infrastrutture verdi e, più recentemente, le soluzioni basate sulla natura (NBS). NBS intende affrontare le sfide della società in una forma efficace e adattabile fornendo benefici economici, sociali e ambientali. Lo scopo di ricerca di questa tesi di dottorato è quello di sviluppare una valutazione ambientale ed economica delle NBS per territori altamente urbanizzati basata su logiche e modelli che hanno alla base i servizi ecosistemici, l'ecologia urbana e paesaggistica e degli approcci di approcio life cycle. Questo quadro di valutazione combinato aiuterebbe a capire meglio se le NBS sono costo effetive e se contribuiscono a uno sviluppo resiliente e sostenibile. Questo scopo di ricerca è sviluppato secondo quattro obiettivi specifici. Il primo obiettivo corrisponde alla caratterizzazione delle NBS in relazione ai contesti urbani e alle problematiche che possono aiutare ad affrontare o mitigare. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo è stata sviluppata una revisione critica dell letteratura sullo studio della relazione tra NBS, servizi ecosistemici (ES) e sfide urbane (UC). Come risultato principale, si ottiene un grafico delle relazioni causa-effetto plausibili tra NBS, ES ed UC. Il grafico rappresenta un primo passo per supportare la pianificazione urbana sostenibile, passando dai problemi (es. UC) alle azioni (es. NBS) alle risoluzioni (es. ES). Il secondo obiettivo corrisponde alla definizione di un set di metodi e indicatori di valutazione biofisica e monetaria adeguate per valutare il valore della NBS in contesti urbanizzati. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo, viene sviluppata una revisione dei metodi esistenti sulla valutazione dei servizi ecosistemici, l'analisi dei costi del ciclo di vita e la valutazione del ciclo di vita. La revisione tiene conto di vincoli specifici come la facilità d'uso e la disponibilità dei dati. Alla fine, sono stati selezionati potenziali metodi e indicatori, che saranno successivamente integrati nel quadro di valutazione combinato. Il terzo obiettivo corrisponde alla progettazione del quadro di valutazione combinato, integrando metodi di valutazione del ciclo di vita, ecologia paesaggistica / urbana e servizi ecosistemici che quantifica il valore ambientale ed economico della NBS informando sull'efficacia in termini di costi del suo intero ciclo di vita. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo, prima viene sviluppato un quadro concettuale. Da esso, viene sviluppato un modello di dinamica di sistemi per calcolare i servizi (e disservici) ecosistemici, il quale è interrelazionato con un metodo di valutazione life cycle. Questa valutazione combinata viene testata con un tipo di NBS pertinente (foresta urbana) in un caso di studio nell'area metropolitana di Madrid. Il quarto obiettivo è lo sviluppo di uno strumento di supporto decisionale (DSS) che integri il quadro di valutazione come parte dei processi di progettazione iterativa nella pianificazione urbana e nella progettazione del paesaggio. Il DSS intende migliorare l'interrelazione tra scienza, politica e pianificazione / progettazione. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo è stato sviluppato Nbenefit$® un prototipo di DSS online per la valutazzione NBS di facile uso. Il prototipo DSS fornisce all'utente una forma semplice per quantificare multipli ES e costi (internalizatti o no) durante l'intero ciclo di vita (implementazione, vita operativa e fine vita) del NBS. In conclusione, questa tesi ha contribuito alla caratterizzazione di NBS e alla sua valutazione ambientale ed economica per informare i processi di pianificazione urbana e progettazione del paesaggio, consentendo decisioni più informate.
Ben, Ayed Ramzi. "Eco-conception d’une chaine de traction ferroviaire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Lille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECLI0009.
Texto completoWith the introduction of different environmental standards like ISO 14001, concerns of manufacturers in railway industry are more and more oriented to the design of green products. One important issue when designing such products is the control of the cost impact and the evaluation of the price which consumers agree to pay for a reduced environmental footprint.Eco-design of railway train presents several challenges for the designer. The first one is the complexity of the life cycle analysis of such components. The second challenge is the necessity of consideration of several environmental impacts in design stage given the number of impacts. Finally, railway components have different models with different granularity which can be used in the process of eco-design. To overcome these problems we propose in this work a method which involves two steps. The first one is to simplify the LCA of the railway train using environmental management software and take the opportunity to build a malleable model to calculate eleven impacts. The second step, is to aggregate these impacts for a single indicator which is considered later as environmental criterion in the eco-design process. In order to investigate optimization tools, the eco-design problem is expressed into an optimization problem. Optimization algorithms are able to solve this problem and to find the optimal set of compromises between environmental criterion and the cost of the railway product. The set of compromises is given as a graph called the Pareto front. In our work the cost is expressed by the mass of the component and some optimization algorithms have been adapted in this work to serve in the process of eco-design
Ben, Ayed Ramzi. "Eco-conception d’une chaine de traction ferroviaire". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECLI0009/document.
Texto completoWith the introduction of different environmental standards like ISO 14001, concerns of manufacturers in railway industry are more and more oriented to the design of green products. One important issue when designing such products is the control of the cost impact and the evaluation of the price which consumers agree to pay for a reduced environmental footprint.Eco-design of railway train presents several challenges for the designer. The first one is the complexity of the life cycle analysis of such components. The second challenge is the necessity of consideration of several environmental impacts in design stage given the number of impacts. Finally, railway components have different models with different granularity which can be used in the process of eco-design. To overcome these problems we propose in this work a method which involves two steps. The first one is to simplify the LCA of the railway train using environmental management software and take the opportunity to build a malleable model to calculate eleven impacts. The second step, is to aggregate these impacts for a single indicator which is considered later as environmental criterion in the eco-design process. In order to investigate optimization tools, the eco-design problem is expressed into an optimization problem. Optimization algorithms are able to solve this problem and to find the optimal set of compromises between environmental criterion and the cost of the railway product. The set of compromises is given as a graph called the Pareto front. In our work the cost is expressed by the mass of the component and some optimization algorithms have been adapted in this work to serve in the process of eco-design
Mahut, Fabien. "Intégration des approches PLM et SLM pour le développement et la gestion des Systèmes Produit-Service en contexte automobile : proposition d’un cadre méthodologique". Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://bibliotheque.utc.fr/EXPLOITATION/doc/IFD/2019COMP2473.
Texto completoThis research work is exploring the development and management of Product-Service Systems. These new integrated offers go along with specific issues which challenge the current product development strategies. Analyzing the academic literature on this matter, this work focuses on methodological frameworks for the development of PSS offers. The first level of these frameworks is about engineering approaches considers Service Lifecycle Management (SLM) and Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) interactions. The second level is about specific systems or PSS development processes and methods. The third and last level challenges the definitions of a PSS model. Fed by this review, this work provides a coherent proposal for PSS development across these three levels, qualified by 7 analysis criterias. On the first level, a detailed PLM-SLM interaction scheme is proposed. It supports a development process on the second level, alongside a PSS model based on FBS and result-resource-process triplet as a matter for service adequate description. This proposal has been experimented through two study cases. The first one, about an existing and mature PSS, enabled the development of a quality management tool. The second, about the development of a connected diagnostic PSS enabled to strengthen the illustration of the proposal for its adoption
Wignacourt, Alex. "Caractérisation, mesure et évaluation des indicateurs techniques, économiques et financiers des éco-matériaux : application au secteur du bâtiment". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00581767.
Texto completoAbbes, Dhaker. "Contribution au dimensionnement et à l'optimisation des systèmes hybrides éoliens-photovoltaïques avec batteries pour l'habitat résidentiel autonome". Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2254/document.
Texto completoThis thesis is a contribution to the study of photovoltaic-wind-battery hybrid systems for several aspects: source evaluation, modeling and simulation, design optimization and finally control and supervision. Thus, an impact study on the evaluation of renewable energy potential at a given site taking into account consumption in residential housing (period and method of data acquisition, evaluation techniques...) is presented. In addition, all the components of the system are modeled and economic and ecological aspects are defined in order to make an overall assessment of various system configurations. All models are represented using Matlab/Simulink tool. Then, a methodology for single and multi-objective design optimization of a multi-source system is developed to minimize system Life Cycle Cost (LCC), Embodied Energy (EE) and Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP). A "practice solution" is thus retained and evaluated. Results show a low environmental impact and a reasonable economic cost as well as a satisfaction of the load within the limits tolerated by the user. Besides, a very convincing comparison of the developed sizing method to an existing commercial tool is presented. At the end, an experimental PV-wind-battery tested is developed in laboratory to ensure a quasi-realistic emulation of hybrid system behavior for different configurations. Accordingly, a new supervision strategy based on currents control and battery state of charge estimation is successfully validated
Wignacourt, Alex. "Caractérisation, mesure et évaluation des indicateurs techniques, économiques et financiers des éco-matériaux : application au secteur du bâtiment". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Lille, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECLI0020.
Texto completoEco-materials, have revealed a number of interesting characteristics compared with more traditional technical or architectural solutions. The criteria so far used to differentiate them were often related to the preservation of the environment or health. The main research objective has been to study the technical, economic and financial advantages of such more environmentally friendly materials by collecting selected referential information- assessment indicators and criteria- inside a proposed system of reference. The first part of my work has been devoted to identifying eco-materials in the broader context of the conception of high environmental quality buildings. The position of eco-materials in international and European Environmental Quality Management Systems for Buildings- SMQEB- has then been reviewed in a second part. The third part of this work has consisted in designing a technical, economic and financial prescription decision tool for eco –materials. In the final part, the main concern has been to implement this designed and tested methodology within the Nord Pas De Calais region. An elaborate construction system - a flat roof - has been selected to compare a set of eco-built solutions with more conventional ones. The technical, economic, financial, environmental and health criteria have in-fine been used in easily understood language: the cost/profit ratio
Bossy, Thomas. "Impact-defined climate targets : estimating ensembles of pathways of compatible anthropogenic drivers through inversion of the cause-effect chain". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASJ022.
Texto completoThis dissertation presents a multidisciplinary approach to climate change research. It explores the limitations of the current scenario-building framework used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and presents new strategies for better understanding climate futures. Using Pathfinder, a simple model focused on climate and the carbon cycle, this research fills a gap in the range of existing simple climate models by incorporating the latest data and providing a backward, temperature-driven examination of climate change scenarios.Prospects for improvement are then identified by discussing the representation of the ocean in Pathfinder, focusing on the Ocean Heat-Carbon Nexus and its critical role in the global carbon cycle and the response of Earth's climate to cumulative CO2 emissions. A comparison is made between the representations of the Ocean Heat-Carbon Nexus in Pathfinder and state-of-the-art Earth system models, highlighting the significant discrepancies and potential implications for future warming scenarios.After introducing Pathfinder, my research first examines the CO2 emission reductions physically required to meet the 1.5C global warming target, emphasizing the importance of CO2 emissions from land use and non-CO2 forcing. We then reverse the causal chain to link environmental impacts to anthropogenic activities, which is a unique approach. The study maps the spaces of anthropogenic activities compatible with planetary boundaries and introduces a modeling framework that accounts for global warming, ocean acidification, sea level rise, and Arctic sea ice melt.Furthermore, this thesis examines the role of Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) in understanding the costs associated with these climate scenarios. It explores the impact of conceptual choices in these models on the identification of robust mitigation pathways and examines the effects of physical uncertainty and intergenerational equity.This manuscript concludes with an appreciation of the key contributions of my doctoral research to climate change modeling, exploration of new frontiers and opportunities in the field, and personal insights into the research journey. Overall, this research represents a unique, innovative approach to climate change modeling that will hopefully provide practical tools for assessing and developing mitigation strategies
Driouch, Aicha. "Étude théorique et numérique de l'EDP de Black-Scholes non linéaire en présence des coûts de transaction". Thesis, Amiens, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AMIE0050.
Texto completoThe major contribution of this thesis is the theoretical study of a nonlinear Black-Scholes equation resulting from market frictions, like pricing options under transaction costs. We focused our attention on the Barles and Soner's model where the volatility is enlarged due to the presence of transaction costs and depends not only on the underlying asset and time but depends also on the second derivative of the option price. On the one hand we give a constructive mathematical approach for proving the existence of convex solutions for the Barles and Soner equation which is a non degenerate fully nonlinear deterministic problem with nonlinear dependence upon the highest derivative. The existence of a strong solution to the original equation is shown by considering a monotone sequence satisfying an abstract Barenblatt equation and converging toward the solution of a limit problem. On the other hand, we give a numerical simulation using finite difference technique since an exact solution of the Barles and Soner problem does not exist. Another contribution of this thesis is the pricing of a European basket options in the presence of transaction costs. We develop a model that incorporates the illiquidity of the market into the classical two-assets Black-Scholes framework. We perform a numerical simulation using finite difference method. We consider a multigrid method in order to reduce computational costs. The aim of this study is to investigate a deterministic extension for the Barles and Soner model and to demonstrate the effectiveness of multigrid approach to solving a fully nonlinear two dimensional Black-Scholes problem
Karim, Hawzheen. "Road Design for Future Maintenance : Life-cycle Cost Analyses for Road Barriers". Doctoral thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Vägteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-5474.
Texto completoArja, Mohamed. "Approche en coût global : Etude de scénarios de cycle de vie du bâtiment". Chambéry, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CHAMS044.
Texto completoOverall cost is a significant consideration in any decision-making process. In the building sector, this cost could be a crucial stake for the manager, while it influences all of his choices at the design phase as well as during the operational period. Although a body of knowledge exists on overall cost in construction, little exists on the uncertainties during the operational period or on the real life cycle development. On the basis of several case studies, a feedback process was performed on the historical data of studied buildings. This process enabled to identify some factors causing uncertainty during the building operational period. As a result, a new method for assessing the overall cost during a part of the building's life cycle was proposed. This new method takes account of the building actual value, its end-of-life value and the influence of the identified life cycle uncertainty factors such as regulatory changes, functional evolution and technological development. The development of this method was based on the analysis of two packages of buildings: 1 ) high-rise social housing, and 2) industrial buildings. Then, the method was examined on an example of office buildings. The aim was to choose between several rehabilitation scenarios with different study periods. The findings of this research are a step towards a higher level of reliability in overall cost evaluation taking account of some usually unexpected uncertainty factors
Al-Hajj, Assem Nazih. "Simple cost-significant models for total life-cycle costing in buildings". Thesis, University of Dundee, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295224.
Texto completoSossou, Benoît. "Analyse coût-efficacité de la production scolaire : cas du Bénin". Dijon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988DIJOE003.
Texto completoThe objective of the study is to analyse the relevance of educational policies which combine productive work with educational programmes both from a general third world point of view and in the particular case of Benin. The work is based on the cost-efficiency analysis which tries to estimate the costs and the outcomes generated by this type of school innovation in developing countries, and to assess the potential of this approch as a solution to the educational crisis
Hudon, Olivier. "Analyse coût-bénéfice de la thérapie cognitive-comportementale de l'insomnie". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32489.
Texto completoSafi, Mohammed. "Life-Cycle Costing : Applications and Implementations in Bridge Investment and Management". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-133241.
Texto completoQC 20131029
Gilbert, Sophie. "Sécurité sanitaire : analyse et financement". Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON10001.
Texto completoCouture, Steve. "Analyse de la structure de coût de l'industrie canadienne de transformation alimentaire". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24829/24829.pdf.
Texto completoNäslund, Eriksson Lisa. "Forest-Fuel Systems : Comparative Analyses in a Life Cycle Perspective". Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik och hållbar utveckling, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-206.
Texto completoAbed, El-Fattah Safi Mohammed. "Bridge Life Cycle Cost Optimization : Analysis, Evaluation, & Implementation". Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-36944.
Texto completoCorriveau, Christopher. "Une analyse coût-bénéfice de la cimenterie de Port-Daniel-Gascon". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34037.
Texto completoFatemi, Seyyedeh Zohreh. "Planification des essais accélérés : optimisation, robustesse et analyse". Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01004379.
Texto completoGarcia, Serge. "Analyse économique des coûts d'alimentation en eau potable". Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10030.
Texto completoThis dissertation proposes a microeconometric study of the cost function for water supply. The objective is to provide a tool for setting regulatory mechanisms in the light of recent regulatory changes
Khurana, Mayank. "A Framework for Holistic Life Cycle Cost Analysis for Drinking Water Pipelines". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78357.
Texto completoMaster of Science
Dufeu, Ivan. "Analyse des processus d'intégration-désintégration verticales". Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN1G015.
Texto completoMany studies seem to reveal the recent tendency towards the vertical disintegration of firms. At the same time however, the frequency of vertical integration remains high. The purpose of this thesis is to identify the determining factors for the evolution of the industry's vertical structure. With this intention, this work is both theoretical and empirical. We use microeconomic models of vertical equilibrium which differ from the dominant theories (new institutional theories and models with imperfect competition) by the explicit introduction of economies of vertical disintegration. We study the decision of firms to integrate or specialize, depending on the trade-off between the gain from the inter-firm division of labour (which changes with the size of the market) and the costs derived from using the market (mainly the transaction costs). The dynamic analysis of the division of labour makes it possible to show that the process of vertical integration-disintegration is related to the life cycle of the industry (Stigler, 1951). The empirical study (econometrics and data analysis) is based on the analysis of the strategic decisions made the managers of 200 French industrial firms. It confirms that the vertical strategy of these firms is related to the stage of the industry life cycle, and also to the degree of asset specificity, which determines the level of the inter-firms transaction costs
Pham, Thuy Van. "Ancrage nominal du taux de change et coûts de la désinflation : une estimation économétrique". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00198619.
Texto completoDuguay, Jérôme. "Intégration de l'analyse du cycle de vie dans la gestion d'une flotte de véhicules". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27641.
Texto completoThis thesis addresses issues related to the management of a fleet of vehicles. A structured approach integrating the analysis of fleet life cycle is proposed. Various factors and considerations for the requirements assessment are first introduced and used to determine the vehicles specifications and the fleet composition. For the vehicle acquisition process, an approach primarily driven by the life cycle cost analysis is used for the selection of vehicles. Several models are also proposed in order to optimize the exploitation, maintenance and development of a decision-making system for fleet renewal. Finally, for equipment that has reached its useful life, different disposition strategies are suggested in order to reduce environmental impacts. The contents of this thesis can be used by managers of small and large vehicle fleets as well as project managers who work in such field and that are interested in life cycle management of a vehicle fleet in a context of sustainable development. The suggested approach is further inspired by the public and para-public sector but can also be adapted and used in the private sector context. This thesis will allow managers to understand the different factors to take into consideration and the best tools to use for decision making, in order to optimize the various processes of life cycle management of a fleet of vehicles.
Antheaume, Nicolas. "L'évaluation des coûts externes de la théorie à la pratique : interrogation sur l'évaluation de la comptabilité sociale et sur sa place parmi d'autres systèmes d'information au sein de l'entreprise". Phd thesis, Nice, 1999. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00713496.
Texto completoBased on a review of literature, this thesis analyses the evolution of corporate social (or societal) accounting in terms of a debate between two approaches : the first one recommends integration in financial accounting, the second one, on the contrary, pleads for the development of separate and autonomous forms of corporate social accounting. This research is carried out within the framework of the theory of stake-holders which recognises the legitimacy of constituents outside a company to request information on the corporate use of collective resources endowed on it by society. The element that opposes the two approaches to corporate social accounting concerns the ability of monetary data to give a true and fair view of the impacts on society of a given corporate economic activity. Our field work dealt with the evaluation of the environmental external costs of an industrial process in a major company. It involved giving a monetary value to the physical flows of that process. As such it is relevant to the element that opposes the two above-mentioned approaches and enables us to reach clear cut conclusions as to which one should be preferred. The external costs linked to the physical flows of an industrial process are expressed per unit of product, using three different methods, with three estimates per method (low, medium, high). The major findings of this experiment are the existence of a low number of flows for which a monetary evaluation can be carried out, the wide range of possible results, the lack of accepted standards on which to base calculations. These findings lead us to conclude that the use of monetary data to evaluate and compare environmental impacts is a scientifically unsound management practice and that the development of new forms of social accounting should be conducted separately from financial accounting. The thesis then proposes an enlarged accounting model which enables the positioning of different forms of accounting relative to one another
Torterotot, Jean Philippe. "Le coût des dommages dus aux inondations : Estimation et analyse des incertitudes". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00421862.
Texto completoLa première partie de ce mémoire propose un cadre conceptuel pour l'estimation des dommages comme élément d'aide à la décision, notamment dans une perspective économique intégrant le risque et l'incertitude.
La deuxième partie considère l'échelle élémentaire de l'habitat, et se base sur des enquêtes réalisées sur différents sites auprès des ménages sinistrés. Après une analyse de l'occupation des zones inondables, on caractérise les composantes du facteur humain, et en particulier les réponses à l'annonce de crue et à la montée des eaux. Ces réponses et leurs effets sur les dommages sont étudiés par des techniques d'analyses de données, qui intègrent d'autres facteurs significatifs.
La troisième partie du mémoire traite de l'estimation des dommages sur une aire géographique, par des approches de modélisation. À partir d'une analyse conceptuelle de ces modélisations, est défini puis développé un modèle informatisé d'estimation des dommages sur un secteur inondable. Ce modèle local exploite, selon des procédures descriptives explicites, toutes informations et expertises existantes. Il est mis en œuvre sur 245 secteurs, à partir d'une base de données constituée sur les grandes vallées du bassin de la Loire. Une procédure de simulation permet de quantifier les incertitudes sur les estimations de coûts, en analysant les contributions des différentes sources d'incertitude. À échelle régionale, on analyse les effets des cohérences spatiales des crues et des sources d'incertitudes.
La quatrième partie conclut sur les méthodes développées et propose des perspectives ultérieures de recherches.
Torterotot, Jean-Philippe. "Le coût des dommages dus aux inondations : estimation et analyse des incertitudes". Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ENPC9328.
Texto completoFrustaci, Jordan Browne. "Life-Cycle Benefit-Cost Analysis of Safety Related Improvements on Roadways". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6109.
Texto completoSliteen, Samer. "Modèle de coût d’exploitation-maintenance et gestion en coût global des bâtiments hospitaliers : application en ingénierie hospitalière". Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST0073.
Texto completoThe current situations of hospitals require more efficient management in order to control their performance. The real estates of public hospitals contribute to the quality of required healthcare, the quality of patient care and working conditions of healthcare staff.Today, hospitals are designed and built without anticipating of future evolution of operation and maintenance costs. These costs that are an important contribution to the value of the overall operating budget are underestimated and far unknown.To overcome the lack of public finance, the government has so used the Public Private Partnership Contracts as a new procedure. Yet the government does not have a minimum of information about operating and maintenance expenses of its real estates. In this context, the Whole Life Cycle Costing is an innovative approach in managing public healthcare real estate projects.The problem developed in this thesis is to expend is to expend the knowledge of operation and maintenance costs of healthcare real estates. This thesis highlights the relationship between operating and maintenance costs and hospital activity. It proposes a more efficient response in the issue of estimating these costs by helping the director to take into account the healthcare activity and the architectural choices. It provides a decision making tool for designing and building a new hospitals for minimizing future costs of operation.This method is based on a model for estimating costs and on an observatory of real operation and maintenance costs of 37 public hospitals
Pihier, Stéphane. "Coût d'intermédiation et stratégie des caisses d'épargne et de prévoyance". Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100154.
Texto completoSimmulation and decision assistance model design from commercial and financial data of a French private savings banks. The purpose of this model is to study: savings banks cost formation and productivity analysis its use within a strategy based on smart cards as an alternate system of agencies operation management
Yang, Shih-Hsien. "Effectivess of Using Geotextiles in Flexible Pavements: Life-Cycle Cost Analysis". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31442.
Texto completoMaster of Science
Majetti, Reynald. "Analyse du cycle économique. Datation et prévision". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0249.
Texto completoThe « Great Recession » of 2008-2009 and the sovereign and public debt crises which strengthened in the euro area in the summer of 2011 are recent events that have crystallized the challenges facing economic analysis, especially those related to dating and predicting cyclical inflections of real activity. The purpose of this thesis is to study these two complementary approaches to the economic cycle. Chapter 1 provides a portrait of the cycle using three distinct conceptions of its turning points: the classical cycle, the growth cycle and the acceleration cycle. We also discuss the measurement of the cycle with respect to various possible representations of aggregate activity of a country, as well as to two existing traditions which encompass dating models. Moreover, we highlight the growing influence of the financial environment over business cycle fluctuations.In chapter 2, we develop two non-parametric algorithms in order to identify theinflections that are particular to each of the previously conceptualized cycles, but also to measure their main characteristics. The first algorithm is based on a univariate representation of overall economic activity, the second on its ultivariate representation; ultimately, we apply the algorithms to the data of the French economy between 1970 and 2010. Chapter 3 builds on our results for cyclical dating to predict French recessions since 1974. Using probit models, we illustrate the role of monetary and financial variables as leading indicators of French business cycle fluctuations. In addition, we show that our models accurately detect recessions for a forecasting lag of two-quarters. Chapter 4 extends the entire analysis to several member states of the euro zone, with observations beginning in 1979. We first construct a chronology of their classical cycles, and then we propose an analysis of their main characteristics and their degree of synchronization.Finally, based on financial and monetary indicators in the context of a dynamic probit with fixed effects, we can anticipate the recessionary episodes which occurred in these economies with a horizon of two quarters
Jacobsen, Sofie. "The effectiveness of grouted macadam at intersections. : A life-cycle cost analysis". Thesis, KTH, Väg- och banteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-101813.
Texto completoAmrani, Benameur. "Une analyse des coûts et des recettes bancaires". Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020022.
Texto completoSakr, Nachaat. "Analyse du coût de virulence chez Plasmopara halstedii, l'agent du mildiou du tournesol". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00729681.
Texto completoNdayishimiye, Médic. "Analyse coût-efficacité de deux triptans contre la crise aiguë de la migraine". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61357.pdf.
Texto completoBouille, Benoit. "Etudes pharmacoéconomiques : présentation et analyse comparative de six lignes". Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P130.
Texto completoHarajli, Hassan A. "Cost-benefit analysis of microgenerators : an integrated appraisal perspective". Thesis, University of Bath, 2009. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528171.
Texto completoSmith, Jeffrey L. "LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGES REHABILITATED WITH CFRP". UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ce_etds/33.
Texto completoChen, Chen. "Soft Computing-based Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Tools for Transportation Infrastructure Management". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28214.
Texto completoPh. D.
Ahn, Yong Han. "The Development of Models to Identify Relationships Between First Costs of Green Building Strategies and Technologies and Life Cycle Costs for Public Green Facilities". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26252.
Texto completoPh. D.
Fakhoury, Bashar y Heba Alhamed. "Life Cycle Cost Based Model For Successful Maintenance Outsourcing Process Case Study". Thesis, Växjö University, School of Technology and Design, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2200.
Texto completoThe main purpose of this thesis is to develop a new model which helps the decision maker to rationalize outsourcing decisions based on Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis and select the appropriate supplier. The model developed consists of four main phases, as well as a pre-evaluating step, which investigate the organization needs and circumstances. Phase I is an evaluation and calculation phase, it assess whether outsourcing is the right policy to be adopted as a competitive advantage from two perspectives; the strategic evaluation of the outsourcing decision, and the cost savings through the life time of the outsourcing process using LCC. Phase II is supplier's selection; it aims to select the preferred supplier using Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM), as well as identifies performance measures to monitor supplier performance. Phase III is maintain and monitor phase, it aims to keep the process and the supplier under continuous revision and assessment. Phase IV is review phase, it aims to identify if a specified monitored parameter is out of control or at critical levels, and identify the causes. This model contribute in covering the lack in the literature by considering LCC in the outsourcing decision making, as well as providing a structured model that concern about the whole process starting by understanding the organizations need and ends by monitoring and review the outsourcing process.
The model was validated at one Swedish company, i.e. Kalmar Industries in Ljungby assembly unit, in particular, within the maintenance department. The results of the model validation shows that using LCCA, and risk benefits associated, the preferred alternative is to outsource all the maintenance activities related to ventilation system, these activates involve maintenance personnel, spare parts, and third party to monitor and report the process to authorities. Furthermore, based on LCCA and other suggested criteria and using MCDM, ABB Supplier got the lowest score in MCDM i.e. 36.70% (the lowest LCC along with fulfillment of the qualitative criteria).
The main result is that; it is possible to employ LCCA in the maintenance outsourcing process to achieve a strategic model valid for decisions taking over the life length of the process. Consequently, the main recommendation for the case company is to outsource these activities and to transfer it to ABB service supplier.