Literatura académica sobre el tema "Analyse du cycle de coût"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Analyse du cycle de coût"
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Zbroja, Piotr, Ksawery Szykiedans y Wojciech Credo. "Flexible grippers for industrial robots – comparison of features of low-cost 3D printed component". MATEC Web of Conferences 254 (2019): 02020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925402020.
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The aim of presented work was to analyse the feasibility of using 3D-print technology in robotics based on the production of industrial robot flexible grippers. For selected geometry of gripper single finger available 3D printing techniques has been analysed. The study made by authors uses the following additive technologies and devices: SLS (Selective laser Sintering) and FDM (Fused deposition modelling). As a prior an analyses of capabilities of individual technologies were done by testing the quality of the 3D CAD model recreated on test print-outs. Based on the printed gripper, its functionality, and strength properties were examined. Strength of grapplers was tested with a use of an MTS test machine under repeating deflexion simulating standard operational cycle of a gripper. Test proved that at least few thousands of cycle are possible to be made by a 3D printed gripper. What interesting gripper made with use of the less advanced printer showed different wear behaviour than an one made on the more advanced. First one showed almost instantaneous start of slow and constant strength degradation while the second one proved to have a stable deflexional capability by almost twice an number of cycles. More isotropic structure of an SLS printed gripper caused the best results of all tested ones.
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Abikou, Jérôme Michel, Josué Yisségnon Gouw Akinou, Inoussa Chabi Sero y Jacob Afouda Yabi. "Analyse de l’Efficacité Économique des Systèmes de Culture du Riz en Bas-fonds dans la Commune de Malanville, au Nord-Benin". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 19, n.º 10 (29 de abril de 2023): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n10p169.
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Compte tenu de l’importance socioéconomique et alimentaire du riz, les producteurs ont utilisé plusieurs systèmes de culture pour mieux assurer la compétitivité de leurs exploitations. La présente étude a consisté en une analyse de l’efficacité économique des systèmes de culture du riz en bas-fonds. Un échantillon de 283 producteurs a été constitué de façon aléatoire. L’approche stochastique des frontières de production et de coût a permis d’estimer et de décomposer l’efficacité économique en ces deux composantes (efficacité technique et efficacité allocative). Les analyses ont été faites à l’aide du logiciel d’analyse STATA 14.1. Les résultats ont montré que les efficacités diffèrent d’un cycle de production à l’autre et d’un système de culture à l’autre. Le système de culture impliquant plus les pratiques d’une transition agroécologique (SCR2) a été plus efficace en production pluviale 0,39 (±0,01) et en décrue 0,41 (±0,07) alors que le système impliquant moins les pratiques d’une transition agroécologique (SCR1) a été plus efficace en production de contre saison 0,68 (±0,09) face aux autres systèmes. Le renforcement du dispositif d’accompagnement des producteurs pouvait leur permet de mieux assurer la compétitivité de leurs exploitations à travers le choix d’un système de culture plus efficace.
Given the socioeconomic and nutritional importance of rice, farmers have used several cropping systems to better ensure the competitiveness of their farms. This study consisted of an analysis of the economic efficiency of lowland rice cultivation systems. A sample of 283 farmers was randomly selected. The stochastic approach of production and cost frontiers made it possible to estimate and break down economic efficiency into these two components (technical efficiency and allocative efficiency). Analyzes were performed using STATA 14.1 analysis software. The results showed that the efficiencies differ from one production cycle to another and from one cropping system to another. The cropping system involving more agroecological transition practices (SCR2) was more efficient in rainfed production 0.39 (±0.01) and in flood recession 0.41 (±0.07) while the system involving less agroecological transition practices (SCR1) was more effective in off-season production 0.68 (±0.09) compared to other systems. Strengthening the support system for farmers could enable them to better ensure the competitiveness of their farms through the choice of a more efficient cropping system.
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Kristowski, Adam, Beata Grzyl, Anna Gobis y Łukasz Jeliński. "Effects of safety barrier life cycle cost factors - identification and analysis". MATEC Web of Conferences 231 (2018): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823101013.
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The costs borne by road infrastructure authorities for managing and maintaining road devices such as safety barriers may be very high. This has prompted the need for identifying and analysing in detail all factors that influence the costs of safety barriers throughout their service life. To meet that need, the authors used international experience and field data collected under the LifeRoSE project to define the cost structure and, as a next step, to analyse factors that are relevant to the costs actually incurred.
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Smetanková, Jana, Peter Mésároš y Katarína Krajníková. "Innovative cost estimation methods for building production". Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 16, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2021): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sspjce-2021-0013.
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Abstract Technological progress is reflected in all industries. Obsolete project manuals in the construction industry are being replaced by digitized automated controls that monitor the project in real-time. One of the main trends is the introduction of technologies based on data analytics. Effective use of technology to collect and analyse data is key to improving a building's planning and management across its life cycle. Building information models, which process digital content related to the entire life cycle of a building, are becoming an effective tool. The main goal of the paper is to design and identify the structure of the developed database, which, based on the acquired knowledge, contains graphical models that have selected non-graphical information.
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Kail, C. "Evaluation of Advanced Combined Cycle Power Plants". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 212, n.º 1 (febrero de 1998): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095765099821200101.
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This report will analyse and evaluate the most recent and significant trends in combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plant configurations. The various enhancements will be compared with the ‘simple’ gas turbine. The first trend, a gas turbine with reheat, cannot convert its better efficiency and higher output into a lower cost of electrical power. The additional investments required as well as increased maintenance costs will neutralize all the thermodynamic performance advantages. The second concept of cooling the turbine blades with steam puts very stringent requirements on the blade materials, the steam quality and the steam cooling system design. Closed-loop steam cooling of turbine blades offers cost advantages only if all its technical problems can be solved and the potential risks associated with the process can be eliminated through long demonstration programmes in the field. The third configuration, a gas turbine with a closed-loop combustion chamber cooling system, appears to be less problematic than the previous, steam-cooled turbine blades. In comparison with an open combustion chamber cooling system, this solution is more attractive due to better thermal performance and lower emissions. Either air or steam can be used as the cooling fluid.
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Jena, Timothy y Sakdirat Kaewunruen. "Life Cycle Sustainability Assessments of an Innovative FRP Composite Footbridge". Sustainability 13, n.º 23 (24 de noviembre de 2021): 13000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313000.
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Sustainable construction and the design of low-carbon structures is a major concern for the UK construction industry. FRP composite materials are seen as a suitable alternative to traditional construction materials due to their high strength and light weight. Network Rail has developed a prototype for a new innovative footbridge made entirely from FRP with the aim of replacing the current steel design for footbridges. This study conducted a life cycle analysis of this novel composite footbridge design to quantify the cost and environmental benefits. An LCA and LCC analysis framework was used to analyse the environmental impacts and cost savings of the bridge throughout its lifespan from raw material extraction to its end of life. From the results of the LCA and LCC, the FRP footbridge sustainability was reviewed and compared to a standard steel footbridge. Due to the uncertainty of the fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) structure’s lifespan, multiple scenarios for longevity at the assets-use stage were studied. The study revealed that the FRP bridge offered substantial economic savings whilst presenting potentially worse environmental impacts, mainly caused by the impact of the production of FRP materials. However, our study also demonstrated the influences of uncertainties related to the glass-fibre-reinforced plastic (GFRP) material design life and end-of-life disposal on the whole life cycle analyses. The results show that if the FRP footbridge surpasses its original estimation for lifespan, the economic savings can be increased and the environmental impacts can be reduced substantially.
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Fedosov, Sergey V., Vadim N. Fedoseev y Ludmila A. Oparina. "The Issues of Energy Efficiency of Buildings for Agricultural Purposes". Materials Science Forum 931 (septiembre de 2018): 436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.931.436.
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The current problem of ensuring energy saving and improving the energy efficiency of buildings and structures for agricultural purposes is identified. The geopolitical situation, import substitution programs and agricultural development programs set the task of developing domestic vegetable production, which in its turn requires the construction of new vegetable store buildings, as in most regions of Russia the harvest is collected once a year. In this regard, the current task is to ensure the energy conservation and achieve high energy efficiency of the vegetable store buildings. Energy saving is the basic technology for creating effective agriculture. The purpose of the study is to analyse the requirements for insulation materials for buildings and vegetable store facilities, taking into account energy efficiency and life cycle cost. The authors analysed the criteria for choosing a heater for the vegetable stores: low coefficient of thermal conductivity, water absorption, sorption humidity, frost resistance, biostability, lack of cold bridges, long service life. It is proposed to supplement the criteria for choosing a building insulation with the characteristics of the life cycle cost and the service life. Design and construction of agricultural buildings is proposed to be implemented using the concepts of BLC and BIM, the use of which gives an opportunity to design buildings with optimal energy efficiency parameters and take into account the cost of the life cycle. The cost of the buildings life cycle is the main of all the performance indicators when comparing alternative design options that differ by the application of advanced technologies and material resources and the contractors' offers when concluding contracts not only for purchase, but for servicing the subject of trades during its service life. The conclusions are made about the advantages of using foamed polyethylene foam for warming vegetable store buildings, as well as the conclusion about the expediency of adding criteria determining the sustainable development of the human environment, namely life cycle cost, service life, recycling ability. The formula for calculating the cost of the buildings life cycle, adapted to the specificity of buildings for agricultural purposes, is given.
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Celauro, Clara, Andrea Cardella y Marco Guerrieri. "LCA of Different Construction Choices for a Double-Track Railway Line for Sustainability Evaluations". Sustainability 15, n.º 6 (13 de marzo de 2023): 5066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15065066.
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The international commitment to achieve carbon neutrality in the next few decades has oriented human activities towards the preservation of natural and non-renewable resources. In this context, a great research effort has been devoted to the search for sustainable solutions for the infrastructure construction sector, based on a thorough assessment of the environmental impact (EI). In this regards, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is considered one of the main components of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and, for a comprehensive analysis, all the costs incurred by stakeholders during the useful life of the infrastructure should also be taken into account, applying the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) methodology. So far, there is a lack of combined LCA and LCC analyses of railway projects to support a proper sustainable decision-making process at a project level. Therefore, this study aimed to contributed to this topic by determining the environmental effect and related costs of different planning and construction choices in terms of material and maintenance strategies. For this purpose, first, an LCA of typical railway infrastructures with a ballasted track was developed. The case study considered two different functional units of a double-track railway line: 1 km of embankment section and 1 km of a cut section, in straight alignment. After defining five alternative railway infrastructure scenarios with different materials (virgin or recycled material) and construction methods (e.g., lime stabilization), two different railway track maintenance approaches were analysed. SimaPro was used to analyse the case study, and the results were compared with those obtained using the PaLATE software, suitably adapted for use in the railway sector. Finally, a cost analysis was carried out using Life Cycle Cost (LCC) methodology for all the scenarios analysed. The results obtained in terms of EI and related costs of each scenario provide useful information, allowing a sustainable planning approach: as a general result, the initial construction phase always involves the larger part of the total environmental impact while the material production is the most polluting phase, reaching percentages always higher than 50% of the total.
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Hwang, Insik, Chybyung Park y Byongug Jeong. "Life Cycle Cost Analysis for Scotland Short-Sea Ferries". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, n.º 2 (15 de febrero de 2023): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020424.
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The pathway to zero carbon emissions passing through carbon emissions reduction is mandatory in the shipping industry. Regarding the various methodologies and technologies reviewed for this purpose, Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) has been used as an excellent tool to determine economic feasibility and sustainability and to present directions. However, insufficient commercial applications cause a conflict of opinion on which fuel is the key to decarbonisation. Many LCCA comparison studies about eco-friendly ship propulsion claim different results. In order to overcome this and discover the key factors that affect the overall comparative analysis and results in the maritime field, it is necessary to conduct the comparative analysis considering more diverse case ships, case routes, and various types that combine each system. This study aims to analyse which greener fuels are most economically beneficial for the shipping sector and prove the factors influencing different results in LCCA. This study was conducted on hydrogen, ammonia, and electric energy, which are carbon-free fuels among various alternative fuels that are currently in the limelight. As the power source, a PEMFC and battery were used as the main power source, and a solar PV system was installed as an auxiliary power source to compare economic feasibility. Several cost data for LCCA were selected from various feasible case studies. As the difficulty caused by the storage and transportation of hydrogen and ammonia should not be underestimated, in this study, the LCCA considers not only the CapEx and OpEx but also fuel transport costs. As a result, fuel cell propulsion systems with hydrogen as fuel proved financial effectiveness for short-distance ferries as they are more inexpensive than ammonia-fuelled PEMFCs and batteries. The fuel cost takes around half of the total life-cycle cost during the life span.
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Basta, Giuseppe, Nicoletta Meloni, Francesco Poli, Lorenzo Talluri y Giampaolo Manfrida. "Energy, Exergy and Exergo-Economic Analysis of an OTEC Power Plant Utilizing Kalina Cycle". Global Journal of Energy Technology Research Updates 8 (28 de diciembre de 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15377/2409-5818.2021.08.1.
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This study aims to analyse an Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) system through the use of a Kalina Cycle (KC), having a water-ammonia mixture as a working fluid. KC represents a technology capable of exploiting the thermal gap of ocean water. This system was then compared with OTEC systems, which exploit ammonia, R134A and butane-pentane mixture as working fluid. The comparison was carried on through energy analysis, exergetic analysis, and exergo-economic analysis using the EES (Engineering Equation Solver) software. For each case study, cost rates and auxiliary equations were evaluated for all components and the mass flow rate and unit exergy cost for each stream. The results showed that the KC with water-ammonia as working fluid achieves the best exergo-economic performance among the examined cycles. The cost of electricity produced through KC using water - ammonia mixture was found to be 26,66 c€/kWh. The thermal efficiency and the exergetic efficiency were calculated and the withdrawal depth of ocean water was considered. The efficiencies resulted to be 3.68% for the thermal efficiency and 95.96% for the exergetic efficiency.
Tesis sobre el tema "Analyse du cycle de coût"
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Tähkämö, Leena. "Analyse de cycle de vie pour sources de lumière artificielle : étude et analyse des cas types". Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2211/.
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La méthode d'analyse du cycle de vie est normalisée à un niveau général. Pourtant, il n'existe pas de règles établies pour réaliser une analyse de cycle de vie en détail pour les sources de lumière. Par conséquent, il est impossible de comparer directement les résultats qui proviennent généralement d'analyses différentes. En outre, le nombre de sources lumineuses, en particulier des lampes et luminaires à LED, augmente sur le marché. Ainsi, il serait utile d'évaluer des sources de lumière de façon similaire. Ce travail aborde le problème en présentant deux modèles, l'un simple et l'autre étendu, afin d'effectuer une analyse du cycle de vie des sources lumineuses rapidement et en toute transparence. Les modèles sont développés sur la base de quatre études de cas présentées dans la thèse et l'examen des analyses du cycle de vie trouvées dans la littérature. Des résultats similaires ont été trouvés dans les études de cas et l'examen des analyses de cycle de vie antérieures malgré les différences dans les méthodes, et les champs de l'étude. De tous les impacts environnementaux du cycle de vie, c'est la consommation d'énergie durant la phase d'utilisation qui prédomine. Il a été constaté que les impacts environnementaux sont corrélés à la durée de vie de la source lumineuse ainsi que la source d'énergie utilisée. La phase d'utilisation prédomine le plus clairement sur les impacts en cas de faible efficacité lumineuse et fabrication simple. L'importance de la fabrication devrait augmenter par l'analyse plus détaillée. Les impacts moyens des autres étapes du cycle de vie, tels que les transports et la fin de vie, sont pratiquement négligeablesThe life cycle assessment method is standardized on a general level, but no established rules exist for conducting a life cycle assessment of light sources in detail. In most cases, it is impossible to directly compare the results of different assessments. Because of the major changes in the lighting market, it is useful to assess the environmental impacts of various light sources in similar methods. The work addresses this problem by presenting two models, a simple and an extensive one, for conducting the life cycle assessment of light sources rapidly and in a transparent, comparative way. The models are developed on the basis of four case studies presented in the work and a review to the life cycle assessment found in the literature. The case studies and the review of the previous life cycle assessments concluded similar findings despite the differences in the methods, scopes and evaluated light sources. The main conclusion of the life cycle assessments was the clear dominance of the use stage energy consumption. The environmental impacts of the use were found to be sensitive to the life of the light source and the used energy source. The dominance of the use stage was the clearest in light sources of low luminous efficacy and low manufacturing efforts and when using high-emission energy sources. The importance of the manufacturing is estimated to increase by a more detailed assessment of the manufacturing processes. The average environmental impacts of other life cycle stages, such as transport and end-of-life, were found practically negligible, but possibly notable in a certain environmental impact category
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Saad, Lara. "Optimisation du coût du cycle de vie des structures en béton armé". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22692/document.
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Les structures de génie civil, en particulier les ponts en béton armé, doivent être conçues et gérées pour assurer les besoins de transport et de communication dans la société. Il est indispensable de garantir un fonctionnement convenable et sécuritaire de ces structures, puisque les défaillances peuvent conduire à des perturbations du transport, des pertes catastrophiques de concessions et des pertes de vies humaines, avec des impacts économiques, sociétaux et environnementaux graves, à court et à long termes. Les gestionnaires entreprennent diverses activités pour maintenir la performance et le fonctionnement adéquat à long terme, tout en satisfaisant les contraintes financières et sécuritaires. Idéalement, ils peuvent recourir à des techniques d'optimisation pour établir les compromis entre la réduction du coût du cycle de vie (LCC) et la maximisation de la durée de vie. Cela nécessite le développement de l’analyse du cycle de vie, de l’analyse de fiabilité et de l'optimisation structurale.Les approches actuelles pour la conception et la gestion des structures s’appuyant sur l’analyse du coût de cycle de vie, montrent les besoins suivants : (1) une approche intégrée et systématique pour modéliser de façon cohérente les processus de dégradation, les charges de trafic, le vieillissement et les conséquences directes et indirectes de la défaillance, (2) une considération complète des dépendances économiques, structurales et stochastiques entre les différents éléments de l’ouvrage, (3) une approche permettant de modéliser efficacement un système structural formé de plusieurs éléments interdépendants, (4) une évaluation des conséquences de la dégradation et de la redistribution des charges entre les éléments en tenant compte de la redondance du système et de la configuration de l’ouvrage, (5) une méthode d'optimisation de la conception et de la maintenance qui préserve l’exigence de fiabilité tout en considérant la robustesse de la décision. L'objectif global de cette thèse est de fournir des procédures améliorées qui peuvent être appliquées à la conception et à la gestion fiabilistes et robustes des ouvrages en béton armé, en réduisant les coûts supportés par les gestionnaires et les utilisateurs, tout en tenant compte des dépendances entre les éléments. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, une synthèse bibliographique concernant les procédures de la conception et de la maintenance basée sur des calculs fiabilistes est présentée, et les différents composants du LCC sont développés. Ensuite, une approche est proposée pour la conception des ouvrages en tenant compte du coût aux usagers et en intégrant dans la fonction du coût de cycle de vie. Le modèle couplé corrosion-fatigue est aussi considéré dans l’optimisation de la conception. La planification de la maintenance des ouvrages est ensuite développée, en considérant les différents types d'interaction entre les éléments, en particulier les dépendances économiques, structurales et stochastiques. Ce modèle utilise l'analyse de l'arbre de défaillance et les probabilités conditionnelles pour tenir compte des dépendances dans la planification de la maintenance. Les conséquences de la dégradation et de la redistribution des charges sont prises en compte dans l'approche proposée. Par ailleurs, une méthode pratique de calcul de la fiabilité d'un système formé de plusieurs composantes interdépendantes est proposée, à travers un facteur de redondance calculé par la modélisation mécanique. Enfin, une nouvelle procédure d'optimisation est proposée, permettant de tenir compte des incertitudes dans le système et la capacité structurale de s'adapter aux variabilités intrinsèques. La procédure proposée tient compte des incertitudes et de la variabilité dans une formulation cohérente, validée au moyen des applications numériques. (...)Civil engineering structures, particularly reinforced concrete bridges, should be designed and managed to ensure the society needs. It is crucial to assure that these structures function properly and safely as damage during the service life can lead to transport disturbance, catastrophic loss of property, causalities, as well as severe economic, social, and environmental impacts, in addition to long term consequences. Decision-makers adopt various activities to maintain adequate long-term performance and functionality while satisfying financial constraints. Ideally, they may employ optimization techniques to identify the trade-offs between minimizing the life-cycle cost (LCC) and maximizing the expected service life. This requires the development of three challenging chores: life cycle analysis, reliability analysis and structural optimization. The current approaches for the design and management of structures through a Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) highlight the following needs: (1) an integrated and systematic approach to model coherently the deterioration processes, the increasing traffic loads, the aging and the direct and indirect consequences of failure, (2) a mutual consideration of economic, structural and stochastic dependencies between the elements of a structural system, (3) an adequate approach for the deterioration dependencies and load redistribution between the elements, (4) an improvement of system reliability computation as a function of the structural redundancy and configuration that can take into account the dependencies between the elements, (5) a consideration of design and maintenance optimization procedures that focus coherently on the robustness of the management decision and on the satisfaction of reliability requirements.The overall objective of this study is to provide improved LCCA and procedures that can be applied to select optimal and robust design and maintenance decisions regarding new and existing reinforced concrete structures, by minimizing both manager and user costs, while providing the required safety along the structure lifetime, taking into account the most severe degradation processes and the dependencies between structural elements. In the first part of this thesis, a literature review concerning the current probabilistic design and maintenance procedures is presented, and the LCC components are discussed. Then, a new approach is developed to evaluate the user delay costs on a reinforced concrete bridge structure, based on direct and indirect costs related to degradation and failure, and to integrate it to the life cycle cost function, in order to allow for probabilistic design. In addition,the coupled corrosion-fatigue model is considered in the design optimization. Afterward, a structural maintenance planning approach is developed to consider the three types of interactions, namely economic, structural and stochastic dependencies. The proposed model uses fault tree analysis and conditional probabilities to reflect the dependencies in the maintenance planning. The consequences of degradation are evaluated and a method is proposed to account for the load redistribution. Moreover, a practical formulation for quantifying the reliability of a system formed of interrelated components is proposed, by the mean of a redundancy factor that can be computed by finite element analysis. Finally, a new optimization procedure is proposed, by taking into account the uncertainties in the analysis, and the structural ability to adapt to variability, unforeseen actions or deterioration mechanisms. The proposed procedure takes account of uncertainties andvariability in one consistent formulation, which is shown through numerical applications. (...)
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Ahmed, Hussam. "Fiabilité et cycle de vie des composants mécaniques dégradés : essais de démonstration et analyse basée sur la fonction de Hasard". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845425.
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Le processus de dimensionnement des structures et des systèmes mécaniques comportent de plusieurs étapes, allant de la définition des conditions et des besoins tout au long du cycle de vie, en vue de la spécification de la capacité et de la résistance requises pour accomplir les missions escomptées. La fiabilité figure parmi les objectifs les plus importants pour les fabricants, en plus de l'aspect économique, facteur clé, qui influence largement le processus de conception. Dans ce contexte, la conception doit être élaborée afin de définir le meilleur compromis entre la fiabilité et le coût. Ce qui implique une étude précise et détaillée de tout le cycle de vie du produit, de la naissance jusqu'à la mise au rebus. Cette étude couvre les différentes phases du cycle de vie du produit, en intégrant la nécessité de démontrer la fiabilité du produit avant de commencer la production en série, sous des contraintes de coût et de délais. Ce travail vise à donner des éléments de réponse aux trois questions suivantes : * Comment peut-on démontrer la fiabilité du produit à partir de quelques essais ? Parmi les quatre approches considérées, la méthode de composition des incertitudes montre sa robustesse pour démontrer la fiabilité du produit, sans pour autant conduire à un surdimensionnement excessif. * Quel est le critère permettant une conception robuste sous des charges répétitives pour un système non dégradable ? Dans la phase utile du cycle de vie du produit, la défaillance est principalement due à la variabilité des charges appliquées lorsque la résistance n'est pas dégradée. Le modèle d'interférence contrainte-résistance considère la probabilité de défaillance comme cible de conception. Cependant, pour le cas des charges répétitives, ce critère est sensible au nombre d'applications de ces charges. Pour cela, la conception basée sur le hasard est proposée comme outil robuste pour la conception des composants intrinsèquement fiables. * Quelle est l'approche générale permettant de traiter les mécanismes de dégradation ? Dans la phase de vieillissement, la modélisation de la dégradation est obligatoire pour plusieurs raisons, telles que la maîtrise des risques industriels et la gestion du cycle de vie. La fonction de hasard fournit un indicateur approprié pour la prévision de l'état de dégradation et par conséquent, l'estimation de la durée de vie résiduelle.
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Godin, David. "Analyse environnementale et économique du cycle de vie d'un système d'épuration des eaux usées". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23528.
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Tableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2012-2013.Dans le cadre de ce mémoire, les méthodologies de l’analyse de cycle de vie (ACV) et de l’analyse du cycle de coûts (ACC) sont appliquées à un système d’épuration des eaux usées municipales (STEP) afin de réaliser une évaluation intégrée du profil environnemental et économique du système. Suite à la revue de la littérature des ACVs portant sur des STEPs, des limitations ont été décelées en ce qui a trait à la définition de la fonction du système lors de la première étape de la réalisation de l’ACV. Les limitations dénotées ont mené au développement d’une méthodologie reposant sur le concept de bénéfice environnemental net (BEN) afin d’y pallier. La mise en application du concept de BEN requiert de réaliser des ACVs afin d’évaluer les impacts environnementaux potentiels évités et induits par l’épuration des eaux. Les impacts évités correspondent alors à la différence d’impacts potentiels entre un scénario hypothétique de rejet des eaux usées brutes et un scénario de rejet des eaux usées épurées par la STEP. Les impacts induits correspondent aux impacts générés par le cycle de vie du système d’épuration. Il est à noter que la présentation du concept de BEN ainsi que son application à une l’étude de cas font l’objet d’une publication (Godin et coll., 2012). Les méthodologies du BEN et de l’ACC sont appliquées à l’étude de cas d’un système d’épuration constitué d’étangs aérés facultatifs. Des inventaires des charges des polluants de l’affluent et de l’effluent de la STEP sont compilés afin d’évaluer les impacts potentiels évités en considérant les charges en matières organiques, en nutriments et en métaux lourds ainsi qu’en estimant les émissions potentielles de gaz à effet de serre des rejets directs de matière organique et d’azote au milieu récepteur. Les inventaires de caractérisation des impacts du cycle de vie du système incluent la phase de construction, l’opération ainsi que l’évaluation des impacts induits par une disposition des boues par épandage sur sol agricole et sur sol forestier. L’ACVI réalisée en ayant recours à la méthode ReCiPe et en mettant de l’avant le concept de BEN permet de constater le compromis environnemental fourni par le système d’épuration. L’évaluation comparée de l’ACC et de l’ACV du cycle de vie du système permet d’évaluer la contribution relative des différents éléments du cycle de vie sous les aspects environnementaux et économiques. La comparaison des variantes de disposition des boues permet, quant à elle, de comparer les effets sur les catégories d’impacts potentiels liées à la toxicité du choix du milieu récepteur des boues. L’application de la méthodologie du BEN lors de la réalisation d’ACV portant sur des STEPs permet de définir plus clairement la fonction principale de la STEP et permet d’éviter de considérer la STEP comme une source majeure de pollution. Elle fait de plus ressortir le manque de suivi des eaux usées en ce qui a trait à l’affluent ainsi qu’aux micropolluants.
Life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) methodologies are applied to a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in order to conduct an integrated environmental and economic assessment of the system. A Literature review showed that the system function definition has received little attention despite its great importance in past LCA studies applied to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This has led to some limitations in the interpretation of LCA results. A new methodology to perform LCA on WWTPs is proposed to avoid those limitations. It is based on net environmental benefit (NEB) evaluation and requires assessing the potential impact of releasing wastewater without and with treatment besides assessing the impact of the WWTP’s life cycle. Interested readers can find a presentation of the NEB methodology and its application to a case study of a small municipal WWTP consisting of facultative aerated lagoons in Godin et al., (2012). This thesis presents the life cycle inventories (LCI) conducted to perform the LCAs required to estimate the NEB and also shows the inventory and results of the LCC performed on the case study. LCIs include wastewater characterization (i.e. organic matter, phosphorus, nitrogen and heavy metals load), potential greenhouse gas emissions, WWTP construction and operation inventories including sludge removal and disposal. Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) was conducted using the ReCiPe impact assessment method. LCIA and LCC results allow comparing the relative contribution to environmental potential impacts and economic cost of the life cycle steps of the WWTP. The NEB allows showing the environmental trade-offs between avoided impact due to wastewater treatment and induced impact by the WWTP’s life cycle.
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Yazdeen, Haji Haji. "Integrating Material Flow Cost Accounting with Life cycle assessment to Assess the Economic an Environmental Performances of Selected Wood Industries in the Landes de Gascogne Forest, France". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BORD0153.
Texto completoResumen
Il y a une préoccupation croissante quant à l’impact de nos modes de consommation et de production sur notre planète, au point que nous atteignons les limites de croissance avec la planète incapable d’assimiler indéfiniment les effets des activités anthropiques. En conséquence, au cours des dernières années, les préoccupations croissantes concernant le changement climatique ont poussé les organisations commerciales à changer leurs priorités, non seulement pour atteindre des objectifs économiques, mais également pour considérer les objectifs écologiques. La foresterie, qui est une partie importante de la nature, a traditionnellement été un fournisseur de matières premières renouvelables pour l’utilisation industrielle (sciage, pâte et papier, panneaux de particules, etc.) et pour le bois de chauffage domestique. Bien que de nombreuses études aient été menées dans ce domaine, peu d’attention a été accordée à l’importance de l’évaluation monétaire de l’impact environnemental négatif pour déterminer le véritable prix des produits en bois et prendre une décision éclairée pour l’investissement. Cette étude vise à évaluer la performance économique et environnementale de cinq produits en bois de pin maritime, issus du processus Gate-to-Gate dans la forêt des Landes de Gascogne en France. Les données ont été collectées sur la base d’une revue de la littérature et des références mentionnées dans le chapitre quatre et le chapitre cinq de cette étude, puis ces données ont été utilisées dans l’analyse du logiciel semipro pour identifier l’impact environnemental (Gate-to-gate) pour les produits étudiés par la méthodologie d’évaluation du cycle de vie (LCA) et un modèle de coût a été établi pour chaque produit par la méthodologie de coût du cycle de vie (LCC). Ensuite, les deux méthodologies ont été liées en utilisant la comptabilité des coûts des flux de matières (MFCA), et les résultats ont correspondu à la part de marché spécifiée dans le chapitre trois par l’analyse des flux de matières (MFA)There is an increasing understanding that our consumption and production patterns have to change to stay within our planetary boundaries, the planet being unable to indefinitely assimilate the effects of current anthropic activities. Correspondingly, in recent years, growing concerns about climate change pollution and biodiversity loss have driven business organizations to change their priorities, not only to achieve economic objectives, but also to consider ecological goals. Forestry, an important part of natural systems, has been a traditional supplier of renewable raw materials for industrial use (e.g., sawmilling for construction wood, pulp and paper, particle boards), as well as for domestic fuelwood. Although many studies have been conducted in this field, little attention has been paid to the importance of the monetary valuation of negative environmental impacts in order to determine the true price of wood products to take informed investment decisions. This study aims to assess economic and environmental performance of five maritime pinewood products during the gate-to-gate process (harvesting to semifinal product) in the Landes de Gascogne Forest (“Landes Forest”) in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of France. The product groups considered are construction wood, pulp, plywood, pellets and pallets. For this purpose, the study uses several systemanalytical methods in combination: material flow analysis (MFA), life-cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle costing (LCC) and material flow cost accounting (MFCA). The relevant MFA data in Chapter 3 was collected from an industrial partner and based on databases, literature sources and other references to obtain Life Cycle Inventories for the LCA study in Chapter 4. The LCA software SimaPro was used for this analysis, applying the ReCiPe life-cycle impact assessment method to identify the environmental impact (gate-to-gate) of the studied products. A cost model based on the Environmental Prices Handbook was developed in Chapter 5 to estimate the external costs based on the environmental impact results. This has been set for each product group and integrated into environmental LCC to compare the external with the internal costs, in far as possible with the data available. The methodologies have been tied together in Chapter 6 using MFCA; results correspond to the market share specified in Chapter 3 by MFA. We found that, among the studied products, unbleached pulp and plywood production have the highest economic and environmental costs at €32.36/€15.13 and €27.22/€7.14, respectively. That means that the best use of raw timber is as construction wood due to two reasons: first, the long lifespan of construction wood compared to other studied products; second, not only is less energy is required in the production process, but chemical materials are also absent from the process. This study proposes a suitable methodology framework for the economic and environmental assessment of forest products and other industries. Moreover, this work reviews the design and monitoring of wood from a sustainable resource and environmental impact perspective The environmental impacts costs (external costs or externalities) and key internal costs have been estimated for studied product groups. [...]
6
Babi, Almenar Javier. "Characterisation, biophysical modelling and monetary valuation of urban nature-based solutions as a support tool for urban planning and landscape design". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/288810.
Texto completoResumen
The recognition of nature in the resolution of societal challenges has been growing in relevance. This recognition has been associated with the development of new concepts from science and policy such as natural capital, ecosystem services, green infrastructure, and more recently Nature-Based Solutions (NBS). NBS intends to address societal challenges in an effective and adaptive form providing economic, social, and environmental benefits. The overall aim of this PhD thesis is to develop an environmental and economic assessment of NBS for highly urbanised territories based on rationales and models underpinning ecosystem services, urban/landscape ecology, and life cycle thinking approaches. This combined evaluation approach would help to better understand if NBS are cost-effective or not. The aim is developed according to four specific objectives.
The first objective corresponds to the characterisation of NBS in relation to urban contexts and the problematics that they can help to address or mitigate. To achieve this objective a critical review on the study of the relationship between NBS, ecosystem services (ES) and urban challenges (UC) was developed. As a main output, a graph of plausible cause-effect relationships between NBS, ES and UC is obtained. The graph represents a first step to support sustainable urban planning, moving from problems (i.e. urban challenges) to actions (i.e. NBS) to resolutions (i.e. ES).
The second objective corresponds to the definition of an adequate set of biophysical and monetary assessment methods and indicators to evaluate the value of NBS in urbanised contexts. To achieve this objective, a review of existing methods on ecosystem services valuation, life cycle cost analysis and life-cycle assessment are developed. The review takes into account specific constraints such as easiness to use and availability of data. At the end, potential methods and indicators were selected, which will be later integrated in the combined assessment framework.
The third objective corresponds to the design of a combined assessment framework integrating methods from life cycle assessment, landscape/urban ecology and ecosystem services that quantifies the environmental and economic value of NBS informing about the cost-effectiveness of its entire life cycle. To achieve this objective, a conceptual framework is developed. From it, a system dynamics model of ecosystem (dis)services is developed and coupled with a life cycle assessment method. The combined evaluation is tested with a relevant NBS type (i.e. urban forest) in a case study in the metropolitan area of Madrid.
The fourth objective is the development of a decision support (DSS) tool that integrates the assessment framework as part of iterative design processes in urban planning and landscape design. The DSS intends to enhance the interrelation between science, policy and planning/design. To achieve this objective a user-friendly web-based prototype DSS on NBS, called NBenefit$®, is developed. The prototype DSS provides the user a simple form of quantifying the provision of multiple ES and costs over the entire life cycle (implementation, operational life, and end-of-life) of NBS.
This thesis contributed to the characterisation of NBS and its environmental and economic assessment to inform urban planning and landscape design processes, allowing decisions that are more informed.Il riconoscimento della natura nella risoluzione delle sfide sociali è diventato sempre più importante. Questo riconoscimento è stato associato allo sviluppo di nuovi concetti provenienti dalla scienza e dalla politica, come il capitale naturale, i servizi ecosistemici, le infrastrutture verdi e, più recentemente, le soluzioni basate sulla natura (NBS). NBS intende affrontare le sfide della società in una forma efficace e adattabile fornendo benefici economici, sociali e ambientali. Lo scopo di ricerca di questa tesi di dottorato è quello di sviluppare una valutazione ambientale ed economica delle NBS per territori altamente urbanizzati basata su logiche e modelli che hanno alla base i servizi ecosistemici, l'ecologia urbana e paesaggistica e degli approcci di approcio life cycle. Questo quadro di valutazione combinato aiuterebbe a capire meglio se le NBS sono costo effetive e se contribuiscono a uno sviluppo resiliente e sostenibile. Questo scopo di ricerca è sviluppato secondo quattro obiettivi specifici. Il primo obiettivo corrisponde alla caratterizzazione delle NBS in relazione ai contesti urbani e alle problematiche che possono aiutare ad affrontare o mitigare. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo è stata sviluppata una revisione critica dell letteratura sullo studio della relazione tra NBS, servizi ecosistemici (ES) e sfide urbane (UC). Come risultato principale, si ottiene un grafico delle relazioni causa-effetto plausibili tra NBS, ES ed UC. Il grafico rappresenta un primo passo per supportare la pianificazione urbana sostenibile, passando dai problemi (es. UC) alle azioni (es. NBS) alle risoluzioni (es. ES). Il secondo obiettivo corrisponde alla definizione di un set di metodi e indicatori di valutazione biofisica e monetaria adeguate per valutare il valore della NBS in contesti urbanizzati. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo, viene sviluppata una revisione dei metodi esistenti sulla valutazione dei servizi ecosistemici, l'analisi dei costi del ciclo di vita e la valutazione del ciclo di vita. La revisione tiene conto di vincoli specifici come la facilità d'uso e la disponibilità dei dati. Alla fine, sono stati selezionati potenziali metodi e indicatori, che saranno successivamente integrati nel quadro di valutazione combinato. Il terzo obiettivo corrisponde alla progettazione del quadro di valutazione combinato, integrando metodi di valutazione del ciclo di vita, ecologia paesaggistica / urbana e servizi ecosistemici che quantifica il valore ambientale ed economico della NBS informando sull'efficacia in termini di costi del suo intero ciclo di vita. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo, prima viene sviluppato un quadro concettuale. Da esso, viene sviluppato un modello di dinamica di sistemi per calcolare i servizi (e disservici) ecosistemici, il quale è interrelazionato con un metodo di valutazione life cycle. Questa valutazione combinata viene testata con un tipo di NBS pertinente (foresta urbana) in un caso di studio nell'area metropolitana di Madrid. Il quarto obiettivo è lo sviluppo di uno strumento di supporto decisionale (DSS) che integri il quadro di valutazione come parte dei processi di progettazione iterativa nella pianificazione urbana e nella progettazione del paesaggio. Il DSS intende migliorare l'interrelazione tra scienza, politica e pianificazione / progettazione. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo è stato sviluppato Nbenefit$® un prototipo di DSS online per la valutazzione NBS di facile uso. Il prototipo DSS fornisce all'utente una forma semplice per quantificare multipli ES e costi (internalizatti o no) durante l'intero ciclo di vita (implementazione, vita operativa e fine vita) del NBS. In conclusione, questa tesi ha contribuito alla caratterizzazione di NBS e alla sua valutazione ambientale ed economica per informare i processi di pianificazione urbana e progettazione del paesaggio, consentendo decisioni più informate.
7
Babi, Almenar Javier. "Characterisation, biophysical modelling and monetary valuation of urban nature-based solutions as a support tool for urban planning and landscape design". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/288810.
Texto completoResumen
The recognition of nature in the resolution of societal challenges has been growing in relevance. This recognition has been associated with the development of new concepts from science and policy such as natural capital, ecosystem services, green infrastructure, and more recently Nature-Based Solutions (NBS). NBS intends to address societal challenges in an effective and adaptive form providing economic, social, and environmental benefits. The overall aim of this PhD thesis is to develop an environmental and economic assessment of NBS for highly urbanised territories based on rationales and models underpinning ecosystem services, urban/landscape ecology, and life cycle thinking approaches. This combined evaluation approach would help to better understand if NBS are cost-effective or not. The aim is developed according to four specific objectives.
The first objective corresponds to the characterisation of NBS in relation to urban contexts and the problematics that they can help to address or mitigate. To achieve this objective a critical review on the study of the relationship between NBS, ecosystem services (ES) and urban challenges (UC) was developed. As a main output, a graph of plausible cause-effect relationships between NBS, ES and UC is obtained. The graph represents a first step to support sustainable urban planning, moving from problems (i.e. urban challenges) to actions (i.e. NBS) to resolutions (i.e. ES).
The second objective corresponds to the definition of an adequate set of biophysical and monetary assessment methods and indicators to evaluate the value of NBS in urbanised contexts. To achieve this objective, a review of existing methods on ecosystem services valuation, life cycle cost analysis and life-cycle assessment are developed. The review takes into account specific constraints such as easiness to use and availability of data. At the end, potential methods and indicators were selected, which will be later integrated in the combined assessment framework.
The third objective corresponds to the design of a combined assessment framework integrating methods from life cycle assessment, landscape/urban ecology and ecosystem services that quantifies the environmental and economic value of NBS informing about the cost-effectiveness of its entire life cycle. To achieve this objective, a conceptual framework is developed. From it, a system dynamics model of ecosystem (dis)services is developed and coupled with a life cycle assessment method. The combined evaluation is tested with a relevant NBS type (i.e. urban forest) in a case study in the metropolitan area of Madrid.
The fourth objective is the development of a decision support (DSS) tool that integrates the assessment framework as part of iterative design processes in urban planning and landscape design. The DSS intends to enhance the interrelation between science, policy and planning/design. To achieve this objective a user-friendly web-based prototype DSS on NBS, called NBenefit$®, is developed. The prototype DSS provides the user a simple form of quantifying the provision of multiple ES and costs over the entire life cycle (implementation, operational life, and end-of-life) of NBS.
This thesis contributed to the characterisation of NBS and its environmental and economic assessment to inform urban planning and landscape design processes, allowing decisions that are more informed.Il riconoscimento della natura nella risoluzione delle sfide sociali è diventato sempre più importante. Questo riconoscimento è stato associato allo sviluppo di nuovi concetti provenienti dalla scienza e dalla politica, come il capitale naturale, i servizi ecosistemici, le infrastrutture verdi e, più recentemente, le soluzioni basate sulla natura (NBS). NBS intende affrontare le sfide della società in una forma efficace e adattabile fornendo benefici economici, sociali e ambientali. Lo scopo di ricerca di questa tesi di dottorato è quello di sviluppare una valutazione ambientale ed economica delle NBS per territori altamente urbanizzati basata su logiche e modelli che hanno alla base i servizi ecosistemici, l'ecologia urbana e paesaggistica e degli approcci di approcio life cycle. Questo quadro di valutazione combinato aiuterebbe a capire meglio se le NBS sono costo effetive e se contribuiscono a uno sviluppo resiliente e sostenibile. Questo scopo di ricerca è sviluppato secondo quattro obiettivi specifici. Il primo obiettivo corrisponde alla caratterizzazione delle NBS in relazione ai contesti urbani e alle problematiche che possono aiutare ad affrontare o mitigare. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo è stata sviluppata una revisione critica dell letteratura sullo studio della relazione tra NBS, servizi ecosistemici (ES) e sfide urbane (UC). Come risultato principale, si ottiene un grafico delle relazioni causa-effetto plausibili tra NBS, ES ed UC. Il grafico rappresenta un primo passo per supportare la pianificazione urbana sostenibile, passando dai problemi (es. UC) alle azioni (es. NBS) alle risoluzioni (es. ES). Il secondo obiettivo corrisponde alla definizione di un set di metodi e indicatori di valutazione biofisica e monetaria adeguate per valutare il valore della NBS in contesti urbanizzati. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo, viene sviluppata una revisione dei metodi esistenti sulla valutazione dei servizi ecosistemici, l'analisi dei costi del ciclo di vita e la valutazione del ciclo di vita. La revisione tiene conto di vincoli specifici come la facilità d'uso e la disponibilità dei dati. Alla fine, sono stati selezionati potenziali metodi e indicatori, che saranno successivamente integrati nel quadro di valutazione combinato. Il terzo obiettivo corrisponde alla progettazione del quadro di valutazione combinato, integrando metodi di valutazione del ciclo di vita, ecologia paesaggistica / urbana e servizi ecosistemici che quantifica il valore ambientale ed economico della NBS informando sull'efficacia in termini di costi del suo intero ciclo di vita. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo, prima viene sviluppato un quadro concettuale. Da esso, viene sviluppato un modello di dinamica di sistemi per calcolare i servizi (e disservici) ecosistemici, il quale è interrelazionato con un metodo di valutazione life cycle. Questa valutazione combinata viene testata con un tipo di NBS pertinente (foresta urbana) in un caso di studio nell'area metropolitana di Madrid. Il quarto obiettivo è lo sviluppo di uno strumento di supporto decisionale (DSS) che integri il quadro di valutazione come parte dei processi di progettazione iterativa nella pianificazione urbana e nella progettazione del paesaggio. Il DSS intende migliorare l'interrelazione tra scienza, politica e pianificazione / progettazione. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo è stato sviluppato Nbenefit$® un prototipo di DSS online per la valutazzione NBS di facile uso. Il prototipo DSS fornisce all'utente una forma semplice per quantificare multipli ES e costi (internalizatti o no) durante l'intero ciclo di vita (implementazione, vita operativa e fine vita) del NBS. In conclusione, questa tesi ha contribuito alla caratterizzazione di NBS e alla sua valutazione ambientale ed economica per informare i processi di pianificazione urbana e progettazione del paesaggio, consentendo decisioni più informate.
8
Ben, Ayed Ramzi. "Eco-conception d’une chaine de traction ferroviaire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Lille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECLI0009.
Texto completoResumen
Avec l’apparition des différentes normes et règlementations telles que les normes ISO 14001, les préoccupations industrielles y compris ferroviaires sont de plus en plus orientés vers l’éco-conception. La problématique la plus importante dans l’éco-conception des produits ferroviaires est de réduire leurs impacts environnementaux tout en maintenant leurs performances fonctionnelles et en maitrisant le coût. La solution pour surmonter ce problème est de trouver un ensemble de compromis entre les deux objectifs (impacts et coût).L’éco-conception des produits ferroviaires présentent plusieurs difficultés parce que, d’une part, leur analyse de cycle de vie est très lourde. D’autre part, l’intégration de leurs impacts dans la phase de conception est délicate vu leur nombre. Enfin, ces composants ont parfois différents types de modèles à exploiter car ils présentent des compromis entre la précision et le temps de calcul. Pour surmonter ces problèmes nous avons présenté dans cette thèse une méthode qui consiste premièrement, à alléger l’ACV à l’aide d’un logiciel de gestion environnementale et d’en profiter pour construire un modèle malléable pour calculer les différents impacts. Deuxièmement, à agréger ces impacts pour obtenir un seul indice qui sera considéré comme notre critère environnemental. Pour exploiter les outils d’optimisation, le problème d’éco-conception est traduit par un problème d’optimisation. Les algorithmes d’optimisation sont capables de trouver l’ensemble de compromis optimaux entre le critère environnemental et la masse (coût) sous forme d’un graphe appelé front de Pareto. Certains algorithmes ont été adaptés pour mieux servir dans l’éco-conceptionWith the introduction of different environmental standards like ISO 14001, concerns of manufacturers in railway industry are more and more oriented to the design of green products. One important issue when designing such products is the control of the cost impact and the evaluation of the price which consumers agree to pay for a reduced environmental footprint.Eco-design of railway train presents several challenges for the designer. The first one is the complexity of the life cycle analysis of such components. The second challenge is the necessity of consideration of several environmental impacts in design stage given the number of impacts. Finally, railway components have different models with different granularity which can be used in the process of eco-design. To overcome these problems we propose in this work a method which involves two steps. The first one is to simplify the LCA of the railway train using environmental management software and take the opportunity to build a malleable model to calculate eleven impacts. The second step, is to aggregate these impacts for a single indicator which is considered later as environmental criterion in the eco-design process. In order to investigate optimization tools, the eco-design problem is expressed into an optimization problem. Optimization algorithms are able to solve this problem and to find the optimal set of compromises between environmental criterion and the cost of the railway product. The set of compromises is given as a graph called the Pareto front. In our work the cost is expressed by the mass of the component and some optimization algorithms have been adapted in this work to serve in the process of eco-design
9
Ben, Ayed Ramzi. "Eco-conception d’une chaine de traction ferroviaire". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECLI0009/document.
Texto completoResumen
Avec l’apparition des différentes normes et règlementations telles que les normes ISO 14001, les préoccupations industrielles y compris ferroviaires sont de plus en plus orientés vers l’éco-conception. La problématique la plus importante dans l’éco-conception des produits ferroviaires est de réduire leurs impacts environnementaux tout en maintenant leurs performances fonctionnelles et en maitrisant le coût. La solution pour surmonter ce problème est de trouver un ensemble de compromis entre les deux objectifs (impacts et coût).L’éco-conception des produits ferroviaires présentent plusieurs difficultés parce que, d’une part, leur analyse de cycle de vie est très lourde. D’autre part, l’intégration de leurs impacts dans la phase de conception est délicate vu leur nombre. Enfin, ces composants ont parfois différents types de modèles à exploiter car ils présentent des compromis entre la précision et le temps de calcul. Pour surmonter ces problèmes nous avons présenté dans cette thèse une méthode qui consiste premièrement, à alléger l’ACV à l’aide d’un logiciel de gestion environnementale et d’en profiter pour construire un modèle malléable pour calculer les différents impacts. Deuxièmement, à agréger ces impacts pour obtenir un seul indice qui sera considéré comme notre critère environnemental. Pour exploiter les outils d’optimisation, le problème d’éco-conception est traduit par un problème d’optimisation. Les algorithmes d’optimisation sont capables de trouver l’ensemble de compromis optimaux entre le critère environnemental et la masse (coût) sous forme d’un graphe appelé front de Pareto. Certains algorithmes ont été adaptés pour mieux servir dans l’éco-conceptionWith the introduction of different environmental standards like ISO 14001, concerns of manufacturers in railway industry are more and more oriented to the design of green products. One important issue when designing such products is the control of the cost impact and the evaluation of the price which consumers agree to pay for a reduced environmental footprint.Eco-design of railway train presents several challenges for the designer. The first one is the complexity of the life cycle analysis of such components. The second challenge is the necessity of consideration of several environmental impacts in design stage given the number of impacts. Finally, railway components have different models with different granularity which can be used in the process of eco-design. To overcome these problems we propose in this work a method which involves two steps. The first one is to simplify the LCA of the railway train using environmental management software and take the opportunity to build a malleable model to calculate eleven impacts. The second step, is to aggregate these impacts for a single indicator which is considered later as environmental criterion in the eco-design process. In order to investigate optimization tools, the eco-design problem is expressed into an optimization problem. Optimization algorithms are able to solve this problem and to find the optimal set of compromises between environmental criterion and the cost of the railway product. The set of compromises is given as a graph called the Pareto front. In our work the cost is expressed by the mass of the component and some optimization algorithms have been adapted in this work to serve in the process of eco-design
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Mahut, Fabien. "Intégration des approches PLM et SLM pour le développement et la gestion des Systèmes Produit-Service en contexte automobile : proposition d’un cadre méthodologique". Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://bibliotheque.utc.fr/EXPLOITATION/doc/IFD/2019COMP2473.
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Ces travaux de thèse portent sur le développement et la gestion des Systèmes Produit-Service (ou Product-Service Systems, PSS) automobiles. Ces nouvelles offres intégrées de produits et services comportent des spécificités qui obligent à dépasser les démarches de développement des produits historiques considérés. Dans un état de l’art, ces travaux s’intéressent aux cadres méthodologiques pour le développement des PSS. Le premier niveau de ces cadres, focalisé sur les approches d’ingénierie, porte sur le Service Lifecycle Management (SLM) et son interaction avec le Product Lifecycle Management (PLM). Le deuxième niveau du cadre méthodologique s’intéresse aux processus et méthodes de développement des systèmes et PSS. Le troisième niveau du cadre méthodologique s’intéresse aux modélisations de PSS. La proposition est définie à travers les trois niveaux du cadre méthodologique, en respect de 7 critères retenus pour l’ingénierie des PSS. Elle repose sur un schéma d’interaction entre le PLM et le SLM détaillé, supportant un processus de développement, intégrant les pratiques de gestion de la diversité et d’Ingénierie Système. L’ensemble est cohérent avec une modélisation des PSS intégrant les architectures système, et basé sur le FBS et le triplet Result-Ressource-Process essentiels à la description du service. Deux cas d’étude ont permis d’expérimenter cette proposition. Le premier cas d’étude, portant sur un PSS existant et maitrisé, s’est traduit en la spécification d’un outil d’amélioration de la qualité du service. Le deuxième cas d’étude porte sur un PSS de diagnostic connecté et permet d’illustrer la proposition pour supporter son déploiement dans l’entrepriseThis research work is exploring the development and management of Product-Service Systems. These new integrated offers go along with specific issues which challenge the current product development strategies. Analyzing the academic literature on this matter, this work focuses on methodological frameworks for the development of PSS offers. The first level of these frameworks is about engineering approaches considers Service Lifecycle Management (SLM) and Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) interactions. The second level is about specific systems or PSS development processes and methods. The third and last level challenges the definitions of a PSS model. Fed by this review, this work provides a coherent proposal for PSS development across these three levels, qualified by 7 analysis criterias. On the first level, a detailed PLM-SLM interaction scheme is proposed. It supports a development process on the second level, alongside a PSS model based on FBS and result-resource-process triplet as a matter for service adequate description. This proposal has been experimented through two study cases. The first one, about an existing and mature PSS, enabled the development of a quality management tool. The second, about the development of a connected diagnostic PSS enabled to strengthen the illustration of the proposal for its adoption
Libros sobre el tema "Analyse du cycle de coût"
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Anderson, Lee G. Analyse coûts-avantages: Un guide pratique. Sillery, Qué: Presses de l'Université du Québec, 1990.
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Institut pour le développement économique, ed. Analyse économique des projets agricoles. 2a ed. Paris: Economica, 1985.
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Haunerdinger, Monika. Kosten senken: Checklisten, Rechner, Methoden : [mit Rechner zur ABC-Analyse, Wertanalyse, Leerkostenanalyse, Formular zur Schwachstellenanalyse und vieles mehr auf CD-ROM]. Freiburg ; Zürich: Haufe-Mediengruppe, 2005.
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United States. Federal Highway Administration. y American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials., eds. Life cycle cost analysis: Summary of proceedings, FHWA life cycle cost symposium : December 15-16, 1993. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1994.
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Rosenberg, Claude. Analyse des coûts, rentabilité et productivité. 3a ed. Paris: Editions ESF, 1990.
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Life cycle costing: Techniques, models, and applications. New York: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1989.
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(1948-1992), Guillard Jean y Tissier Alain, eds. Analyse: 1e année : classes préparatoires, premier cycle universitaire. 2a ed. Montreuil (Seine-Saint-Denis): Bréal, 1991.
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Deiss, Joseph. Le coût de l'enfant en Suisse: Analyse des échelles d'équivalence des revenus. 2a ed. Fribourg: Éditions universitaires, 1988.
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Petitdemange, Claude. Créer et développer vos produits: Analyse de la valeur. Paris: Association française de normalisation, 1987.
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Systems life cycle costing: Economics analysis, estimation, and management. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2011.
Buscar texto completoCapítulos de libros sobre el tema "Analyse du cycle de coût"
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Eisner, Howard. "Life Cycle Costing". En Cost-Effectiveness Analysis, 43–49. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003196174-5.
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Chakravorti, Nirjhar. "Introduction". En Life Cycle Cost Analysis, 1–2. New York: Productivity Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003462330-1.
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Chakravorti, Nirjhar. "Sample Life Cycle Cost Analysis Report". En Life Cycle Cost Analysis, 32–87. New York: Productivity Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003462330-7.
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Chakravorti, Nirjhar. "Project Management Decisions". En Life Cycle Cost Analysis, 88–113. New York: Productivity Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003462330-8.
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Chakravorti, Nirjhar. "Salvage Value". En Life Cycle Cost Analysis, 28–31. New York: Productivity Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003462330-6.
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Chakravorti, Nirjhar. "Impact of Life Cycle Cost Analysis". En Life Cycle Cost Analysis, 114–20. New York: Productivity Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003462330-9.
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Chakravorti, Nirjhar. "Purpose of Life Cycle Cost Analysis". En Life Cycle Cost Analysis, 6–8. New York: Productivity Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003462330-3.
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Chakravorti, Nirjhar. "Life Cycle Cost Analysis Experiences". En Life Cycle Cost Analysis, 121–34. New York: Productivity Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003462330-10.
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Chakravorti, Nirjhar. "Life Cycle Cost Analysis Methodology". En Life Cycle Cost Analysis, 9–17. New York: Productivity Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003462330-4.
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Chakravorti, Nirjhar. "Overview". En Life Cycle Cost Analysis, 3–5. New York: Productivity Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003462330-2.
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Moser, Gerhard, Julien Le Duigou y Magali Bosch-Mauchand. "Life Cycle Costing in Manufacturing Process Management". En ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82943.
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In the last two decades during which the competitive business environment increased, it became crucial for each company to find the most accurate strategy to make survive its business. For that reason they need to manage and control their costs. Life Cycle Costing is one of these tools, which helps to analyse the cost of a product in the whole life of a product. To be competitive, the organisations have to optimize not only their products but also all their processes. Manufacturing Process Management (MPM) addresses the area between product design and production. Therefore MPM supports to optimize the manufacturing area of a factory. With different virtual scenarios the best solution of the manufacturing process can be obtained and at the same time it is possible to reduce time to market, costs and increase the quality. The focus of this paper is to integrate Life Cycle Costing tools and methods in the MPM part of the Product Lifecycle Management (PLM). We will discuss the implementation of Activity Based Costing (ABC) and Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) methods in a PLM tool for an early design decision support.
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Waghmode, Laxman Yadu y Anil Dattatraya Sahasrabudhe. "Life Cycle Cost Modeling of Pumps Using an Activity Based Costing Methodology". En ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24043.
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In order to survive in today’s competitive global business environment, implementation of life cycle costing methodology with a greater emphasis on cost control could be one of the convincing approaches for the manufacturing firms. The product life cycle costing approach can help track and analyse the cost implications associated with each phase of product life cycle. Life cycle costing (LCC) practices with traditional costing methods may provide results that have a severe deviation from the real product LCC as it focuses on the cost of materials, labor and a low portion of overheads apportioned by the absorption rate to the product. Activity based costing (ABC) has emerged as one of the several innovative and more accurate costing methods in recent years. It is based on the principle that products or services consume activities and activities consume resources that generate costs. Thus, the ABC system focuses on calculating the costs incurred on performing the activities to manufacture a product. This paper presents a LCC modeling approach for estimating life cycle cost of pumps using activity based costing method. The study was conducted in a large pump manufacturing company from India that has significant global standing within its industry. Firstly, all the activities and cost drivers associated with the life cycle of a pump have been identified. A methodology for LCC analysis using ABC is then developed and it is applied to two different pumps manufactured by the same industry and the results obtained are presented.
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Gad-Briggs, Arnold, Pericles Pilidis y Theoklis Nikolaidis. "A Framework and Model for Assessing the Design Point Performance, Off-Design Point Performance, Control, Economics and Risks of Brayton Helium Gas Turbine Cycles for Generation IV Nuclear Power Plants". En 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81686.
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A framework – NuTERA (Nuclear Techno-Economic and Risk Assessment) has been developed to set out the requirements for evaluating Generation IV (Gen IV) Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) at the design conceptual stage. The purpose of the framework is to provide guidelines for future tools that are required to support the decision-making process on the choice of Gen IV concepts and cycle configurations. In this paper, the underpinning of the framework has been demonstrated to enable the creation of an analyses tool, which evaluates the design of an NPP that utilises helium closed Brayton gas turbine cycles. The tool at the broad spectrum focuses on the component and cycle design, Design Point (DP) and Off-Design Point (ODP) performance, part power and load following operations. Specifically, the design model has been created to provide functionalities that look at the in-depth sensitivities of the design factors and operation that affect the efficiency of an NPP such as temperature and pressure ratios, inlet cycle temperatures, component efficiencies, pressure losses. The ODP performance capabilities include newly derived component maps for the reactor, intercooler and recuperator for long term Off-Design (OD) operation. With regard to short term OD, which is typically driven by changes in ambient conditions, the ability to analyse the cycle load following capabilities are possible. An economic model has also been created, which calculates the component costs and the baseline economic evaluation. An incorporated risk model quantifies the performance, operational, financial and design impact risks. However, the tool is able to optimise the NPP cycle configuration based on the best economics using the Levelised Unit Electricity Cost (LUEC) as a measure. The tool has been used to demonstrate a typical decision-making process on 2 Gen IV helium closed gas turbine cycles, which apply to the Gas-cooled Fast Reactors (GFRs) and Very-High Temperature Reactors (VHTRs). The cycles are the Simple Cycle Recuperator (SCR) and Intercooled Cycle Recuperator (ICR). The tool was able to derive the most efficient cycle configurations for the ICR (53% cycle efficiency) and SCR (50% cycle efficiency). Based on these efficiency figures, the baseline LUEC ($/MWh) for the year 2020 is $62.13 for the ICR and $61.84 for the SCR. However, the inclusion of the cost of contingencies due to risks and the subsequent economic optimisation resulted in a cost of $69.70 and $69.80 for the ICR and SCR respectively.
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MIFSUD, S. "Biodegradable polymers for cosmetic packaging: A technical and life cycle perspective". En Material Forming. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902479-217.
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Abstract. The packaging industry is a significant contributor to the plastic pollution burdening our environment. One main issue with plastics is that they are designed to be durable, and so they persevere in the environment even after they have fulfilled their use. This study aims to analyse the potential benefits of switching to biodegradable and biobased polymers in the cosmetic packaging industry to lessen their environmental impact once disposed of. This assessment commenced with a sustainable material selection process to shortlist a set of viable biodegradable candidate materials (polylactic acid and wood plastic composites), for cosmetic compacts and then comparing them to acrylonitrile butadiene styrene as the benchmark material for this application. The functional, environmental and cost implications of such a change were quantified to validate the suitability of using biodegradable polymers. Functionally, polylactic acid and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene only passed the testing conducted making wood plastic composites an unviable option. wood plastic composites and polylactic acid were found to cost 40-53 per cent more than acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. In terms of the environmental impact, polylactic acid and wood plastic composites reduced the lifecycle impact by 18-30 per cent and the end-of-life impact by 26-42 per cent. The results obtained suggest great potential in shifting to such an alternative.
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Meunier, Guy y Jean-Pierre Ponssard. "L'hydrogène et la transition énergétique dans les transports. Quelques apports de la théorie économique". En MOlecules and Materials for the ENergy of TOMorrow. MSH Paris-Saclay Éditions, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52983/cdbj6179.
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L’hydrogène apparaît aujourd’hui comme une technologie incontournable pour relever le défi de la transition énergétique dans les transports. S’il existe déjà de nombreux projets régionaux dans lesquels cette technologie est déployée, les analyses économiques sur le sujet restent limitées. Cette note illustre comment deux concepts clés de la théorie économique, l’effet de réseau et l’effet d’expérience, peuvent contribuer à éclairer les enjeux sous-jacents dans une analyse coût bénéfice de ces projets.
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Calì, M., A. F. Massardo y M. Santarelli. "Repowering of an Existing Cogeneration Plant Including Environmental Cost Internalization". En ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0157.
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In this paper an existing cogeneration plant (134 MWel and 225 MWth) based on gas turbine and steam cycle technology, has been investigated. The main goal of the work is to analyse different repowering options for the plant taking into account the capital cost of the new devices, the cost of the fuel and the cost related to the CO2 emissions. For the analysis of the repowering alternatives the Thermoeconomic Analysis has been utilised. Two different approaches have been used for the CO2 emissions cost evaluation: the classical Carbon Tax approach using political charges on the unit ton of emitted CO2, and one proposed by the Authors linked to the efficient utilization of energy resources in the plants, and based on the exergy analysis. In the paper the two procedures for the evaluation of the charges on the CO2 emissions and their influence on the choice of the repowering option, and how they promote the adoption of a high efficiency repowering solutions have been discussed.
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Kavanagh, Ronan M., Geoffrey T. Parks y Mitsuru Obana. "Multi-Objective Optimisation of the Humid Air Turbine". En ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27456.
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Optimisation of the Humid Air Turbine (HAT) power cycle has proven an interesting challenge in multi-variate and multi-objective optimisation. A multi-objective Tabu Search optimisation algorithm, developed in the Cambridge Engineering Design Centre, has been applied to this humid power cycle. A tradeoff surface is generated to investigate the impact of nine primary system control variables on the performance (efficiency, specific work and cost of electricity) of the system. This optimisation tool was chosen for its proven robustness and flexibility in handling highly constrained, multi-variate problems. The algorithm generates a Pareto-set of optimal candidate designs, allowing the designer to analyse the trade-off between performance measures such as efficiency and cost when selecting the ultimate system operating point. The study is primarily a global optimisation, with attention being paid to the primary system control variables: pressure ratio, turbine inlet temperature, IP/HP pressure split, water flowrate distribution and heat exchanger effectiveness.
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Galimshina, Alina, Maliki Moustapha, Alexander Hollberg, Guy Wagner, Pierryves Padey, Sébastien Lasvaux, Bruno Sudret y Guillaume Habert. "Earth Plastered Wall Heating as a Low-Emitting, Cost-Effective and Robust Energy System for Building Renovation". En 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.466.
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Renovation of the building stock in Europe is urgent to decrease the environmental impact from the building sector and meet the United Nations climate action goals. However, it is often hard to define a robust scenario for a renovation due to numerous uncertainties, which occur during the production, operation and end-of-life stage. One can cite the loss of performance of insulation and heating systems, the replacement time of installation or the future energy prices as well as the future climate. The replacement of oil boilers with heat pumps has shown a good performance regarding costs and greenhouse gas emissions. However, due to the flow and return temperature differences, often the current heat distribution system needs to be replaced as well, which is normally done with conventional radiators or floor heating. In this paper, we analyse a new possibility of a heat distribution system with earth plastered wall. We develop a methodology on the integrated assessment of life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) for the renovation scenarios and adapt the analysis of the heat pump renovation solution with conventional radiators system and the earth plastered wall for two typical residential buildings located in Switzerland. Through rigorous statistical treatment, we then propagate the possible sources of uncertainty and perform the uncertainty quantification using polynomial chaos expansion to compare the distributions of two outcomes. The results show that the solution with the earth plaster has lower overall environmental impacts and costs. It has also been noticed that the solution with the earth plaster is more robust in investment cost and embodied emissions compared to the solution with the conventional radiators.
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"Front Matter". En Third IABMAS Workshop on Life-Cycle Cost Analysis and Design of Civil Infrastructures Systems. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784407073.fm.
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"Index". En Third IABMAS Workshop on Life-Cycle Cost Analysis and Design of Civil Infrastructures Systems. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784407073.in.
Texto completoInformes sobre el tema "Analyse du cycle de coût"
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Meunier, Valérie y Eric Marsden. Analyse coût-bénéfices: guide méthodologique. Fondation pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, diciembre de 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.57071/492acb.
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La gestion des risques industriels soulève de nombreuses questions auxquelles on ne peut pas répondre par un simple «oui» ou «non»: (1) quels critères la société devrait-elle utiliser pour décider que les risques d'une installation industrielle ont été réduits aussi bas que raisonnablement praticable? (2) comment arbitrer entre des considérations qui relèvent de «dimensions» différentes: morts et blessés potentiels en cas d'accident industriel, impacts potentiels sur l'environnement, enjeux financiers, développement de l'emploi, déménagements forcés en cas d'expropriation d'habitations, etc. et ayant des impacts sur de multiples parties prenantes (riverains des installations industrielles, exploitants et employés des sites, élus locaux et régionaux, etc.)? L'analyse coût-bénéfices (ACB) est un outil d'aide à la décision qui peut faciliter la discussion entre parties prenantes. Elle fournit un cadre structuré permettant de présenter l'ensemble des éléments de la décision et discuter de leur pondération respective, favorisant ainsi la transparence du processus décisionnel. Cet outil est largement utilisé dans les pays anglo-saxons en matière de réglementation environnementale et de décisions concernant la sécurité industrielle. Le présent document vise à aider des analystes qui souhaiteraient conduire une ACB d'un projet d'investissement en matière de sécurité ou une analyse d'impact d'une réglementation liée à la prévention. Il vise également à éclairer les lecteurs de telles études et les aider à évaluer la qualité de l'analyse. Le document présente les concepts économiques qui sous-tendent l'ACB, et décrit les principales étapes pratiques d'une étude. Il fournit des indications sur les sources de données permettant de monétiser différentes conséquences hors-marché de l'activité industrielle (impact sur la santé et la sécurité des personnes, pollutions environnementales et nuisances sonores). Le document propose également une check-list des questions qu'il peut être utile de se poser lors de la lecture critique d'une étude ACB.
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Petersen, Stephen R. Discount factor tables for life-cycle cost analyses. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.89-4203.
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Lund, Jay R., Jeffrey Williams y David Corderi. The Economics of Water Infrastructure Investment Timing and Location under Climate Change. Inter-American Development Bank, agosto de 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009303.
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The Dong Nai Delta in Vietnam has been projected to face long-term changes in physical conditions stemming from climate change. Sea level rise combined with changes in the hydrologic cycle will result in increased salinity conditions, causing significant damage to the current style of agricultural production. Adapting to these changes in salinity will require not only adjusting the cropping patterns, but also new water infrastructure investments. Two important questions arise for planners and practitioners. First, a balance needs to be found with regards to the appropriate timing of the investment. An important amount of investment is needed for new water infrastructure while salinity will increase gradually over time. Second, considerable tradeoffs exist with respect to the location of the investment arising from the morphological characteristics of the delta. Constructing water infrastructure closer to the sea implies a higher investment cost. However, the additional benefits will be reduced since regions closer to the sea already have lower agricultural productivity due to greater salinity. This paper develops an economic model to analyse the optimal timing and location of water infrastructure investments in the Dong Nai Delta of Vietnam.
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C Mellen. Life-Cycle Cost Analysis for Condensate Receiving System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), enero de 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/893381.
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Russell E. Flye. LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS FOR CONDENSATE RECEIVING SYSTEM. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), enero de 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/875324.
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Lippiatt, Barbara C. y Stephen F. Weber. Productivity impacts in building life-cycle cost analysis. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4762.
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Hall, M. N. ,. Westinghouse Hanford. Life-cycle cost analysis of advanced design mixer pump. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), julio de 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/296577.
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Barnes-Smith, P. Life cycle cost analysis for the Plasma Arc Furnace. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzo de 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10153061.
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Barnett, Cole y Philip W. Thor. Construction Cost Analysis : Residential Construction Demonstration Project Cycle II. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), junio de 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6555469.
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Lamptey, Geoffery, Muhammad Ahmad y Samuel Labi. Life Cycle Cost Analysis for INDOT Pavement Design Procedures. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313261.
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