Tesis sobre el tema "Analyse de l'activité humaine"
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Allaert, Benjamin. "Analyse des expressions faciales dans un flux vidéo". Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I021/document.
Texto completoFacial expression recognition has attracted great interest over the past decade in wide application areas, such as human behavior analysis, e-health and marketing. In this thesis we explore a new approach to step forward towards in-the-wild expression recognition. Special attention has been paid to encode respectively small/large facial expression amplitudes, and to analyze facial expressions in presence of varying head pose. The first challenge addressed concerns varying facial expression amplitudes. We propose an innovative motion descriptor called LMP. This descriptor takes into account mechanical facial skin deformation properties. When extracting motion information from the face, the unified approach deals with inconsistencies and noise, caused by face characteristics. The main originality of our approach is a unified approach for both micro and macro expression recognition, with the same facial recognition framework. The second challenge addressed concerns important head pose variations. In facial expression analysis, the face registration step must ensure that minimal deformation appears. Registration techniques must be used with care in presence of unconstrained head pose as facial texture transformations apply. Hence, it is valuable to estimate the impact of alignment-related induced noise on the global recognition performance. For this, we propose a new database, called SNaP-2DFe, allowing to study the impact of head pose and intra-facial occlusions on expression recognition approaches. We prove that the usage of face registration approach does not seem adequate for preserving the features encoding facial expression deformations
Mehdi, Nima. "Approches probabilistes pour la perception et l’interprétation de l’activité humaine". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0202.
Texto completoFrom industry to services, intelligent systems are required to observe, interact with, or cooperate with humans. This thesis is therefore set in the context of intelligent perception methods for the analysis of humans, using the pose and activity associated with them. Due to the variable and changing nature of humans, it is difficult to obtain an accurate representation of theprocesses guiding their movements and actions. These difficulties are compounded when it comes to estimating or predicting movements or activities. In order to take account of the uncertainty inherent in humans, we propose a Bayesian approach to the perception and analysis of human activity. The first contribution is dedicated to the simultaneous estimation of human pose and posture. Using a monocular camera and wearable sensors, we aim to estimate human 3D pose in real time. For robust estimation, a multimodal fusion approach is suggested, incorporating measurements from wearable inertial sensors with camera observations. In this way, we overcome measurement ambiguities related to the camera and inertial drift due to inertial units. We use a particle filter so as to take into account the non-deterministic nature of human motion and thenon-Gaussian nature of posture. In order to reduce the computational cost, we put forward an architecture composed of two consecutive filters. A first filter estimates the posture in a factorized way from inertial observations only. Then a second filter estimates the complete pose from the camera, incorporating the estimation of the first filter. Our approach achieves fusion by constructing the sampling distribution of the second filter. This architecture makes it possible to estimate pose and posture simultaneously, at low computational cost, and is robust to cloaking and drift. The second contribution pertains to the prediction of human activity. Hidden Markov models have proved effective for the analysis of human activity through segmentation and activity recognition tasks. However, they have modeling limitations that make them insufficient for prediction. We therefore propose the use of semi-Markovian models for prediction. These models extend the definition of Markov models by explicitly modeling the duration spent in each state. This explicit modeling of duration enables better modeling of non-stationary processes and improves the predictive capability of these models. Our study thus demonstrates the usefulness of such models for activity prediction while taking uncertainty into account
Roulet, Christophe. "Etude et réalisation de systèmes de mesures et de traitements de l'activité oculo-motrice et gestuelle chez l'homme : application à l'activité physique et sportive et à l'ergonomie". Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10175.
Texto completoPoizat, Germain. "Analyse en ergonomie cognitive de l'activité collective en tennis de table : contribution à la connaissance des interactions humaines". Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUEL545.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis was to characterize the process involved in the construction of collective activity and was based on the analysis of the individual activities articulation in sports interactions. We analysed the collective activity resulting from the coordination of two table tennis players ' individual activity during two types of interaction : competition (singles matches) and cooperation (double matches). We conducted three studies in accordance to the "course of action " theoretical and methodological framework (Theureau, 2006). Study 1 grasped table tennis player's individual-social activity during singles matches. Study 2 characterized contextual informations shared by two opponents' during a singles match and by two partner's during a doubles match. Study 3 grasped social-individual activity, resulting from the articulation of two opponents'individual-social activities during a singles or the articulation of two partners' individual-social activities during a doubles
Bayle, Isabelle. "L'analyse de l'activité du cadre de santé formateur : allier savoir d'action et cohérence de sens dans un agir situationnel". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAG050.
Texto completoThis thesis is about daily activities of nurse trainer managers working in nurses training centers. It concerns building and implementing training organization and activities and develops how and why trainers act in their real circumstances. Stakeholders activity is not a random mark and structuring ideas can be known so as to understand the activities of these professionals. A nurse team manager is someone active who enhances his/her experience and develops his/her resources along with encountered professional situations. He/she is going to make choices in real life where morals and dilemmas are combining together to get an answer and to organize action. Work context, trainers team, and learning people as well, associated with pressures from requirements of the nurse job are influencing teaching activity of each stakeholder. Presented data have been collected during partly guided interviews, as well as real observed situations, and their debriefed video sessions and drawn schematics showing activity. They have been processed according to methods derived from professional didactics and from ergology. Our results show specificities of nurse trainer managers
Calandre, Jordan. "Analyse non intrusive du geste sportif dans des vidéos par apprentissage automatique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS040.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we are interested in the characterization and fine-grained analysis of sports gestures in videos, and more particularly in non-intrusive 3D analysis using a single camera. Our case study is table tennis. We propose a method for reconstructing 3D ball positions using a high-speed calibrated camera (240fps). For this, we propose and train a convolutional network that extracts the apparent diameter of the ball from the images. The knowledge of the real diameter of the ball allows us to compute the distance between the camera and the ball, and then to position the latter in a 3D coordinate system linked to the table. Then, we use a physical model, taking into account the Magnus effect, to estimate the kinematic parameters of the ball from its successive 3D positions. The proposed method segments the trajectories from the impacts of the ball on the table or the racket. This allows, using a physical model of rebound, to refinethe estimates of the kinematic parameters of the ball. It is then possible to compute the racket's speed and orientation after the stroke and to deduce relevant performance indicators. Two databases have been built: the first one is made of real game sequence acquisitions. The second is a synthetic dataset that reproduces the acquisition conditions of the previous one. This allows us to validate our methods as the physical parameters used to generate it are known.Finally, we present our participation to the Sport\&Vision task of the MediaEval challenge on the classification of human actions, using approaches based on the analysis and representation of movement
Gourlan, Mathieu. "Motivation des adolescents obèses pour l'activité physique. Les apports de la théorie de l'autodétermination et de l'entretien motivationnel". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00747443.
Texto completoDefontaine, Antoine. "Modélisation multirésolution et multiformalisme de l'activité électrique cardiaque". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00121024.
Texto completoLes notions de cardiologie et d'électrophysiologie ainsi qu'une synthèse de modèles du système cardiovasculaire sont présentées dans la partie 1.
La partie 2 reprend les contributions du travail qui concernent:
– la proposition d'un cadre formel à la modélisation prenant en compte les exigences de la multirésolution et une volonté de structuration des outils utilisés pour une meilleure portabilité;
– la proposition d'une librairie générique de modélisation et simulation multiformalisme développée sous forme objet et permettant une définition standardisée des modèles et simulateurs;
– l'intérêt de la librairie est illustré sur des applications physiologiques et cliniques.
Un chapitre prospectif et présentant une réflexion pour une considération multirésolution clôt ce mémoire et ouvre des perspectives intéressantes.
Cormier, Jérémy. "Mobiliser une analyse de l'activité comme aide à la conception et à l'évaluation d'un Environnement Virtuel pour l'Apprentissage Humain : un exemple en implantologie dentaire". Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00844758.
Texto completoBeaudry, Cyrille. "Analyse et reconnaissance de séquences vidéos d'activités humaines dans l'espace sémantique". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROS042/document.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on the characterization and recognition of human activities in videos. This research domain is motivated by a large set of applications such as automatic video indexing, video monitoring or elderly assistance. In the first part of our work, we develop an approach based on the optical flow estimation in video to recognize human elementary actions. From the obtained vector field, we extract critical points and trajectories estimated at different spatio-temporal scales. The late fusion of local characteristics such as motion orientation and shape around critical points, combined with the frequency description of trajectories allow us to obtain one of the best recognition rate among state of art methods. In a second part, we develop a method for recognizing complex human activities by considering them as temporal sequences of elementary actions. In a first step, elementary action probabilities over time is calculated in a video sequence with our first approach. Vectors of action probabilities lie in a statistical manifold called semantic simplex. Activities are then represented as trajectories on this manifold. Finally, a new descriptor is introduced to discriminate between activities from the shape of their associated trajectories. This descriptor takes into account the induced geometry of the simplex manifold
Hosni, Nadia. "De l’analyse en composantes principales fonctionnelle à l’autoencodeur convolutif profond sur les trajectoires de formes de Kendall pour l’analyse et la reconnaissance de la démarche en 3D". Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I066.
Texto completoIn the field of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, human behavior understanding has attracted the attention of several research groups and specialized companies. Successful intelligent solutions will be playing an important role in applications which involve humanrobot or human-computer interaction, biometrics recognition (security), and physical performance assessment (healthcare and well-being) since it will help the human beings were their cognitive and limited capabilities cannot perform well. In my thesis project, we investigate the problem of 3D gait recognition and analysis as gait is user-friendly and a well-accepted technology especially with the availability of RGB-D sensors and algorithms for detecting and tracking of human landmarks in video streams. Unlike other biometrics such as fingerprints, face or iris, it can be acquired at a large distance and do not require any collaboration of the end user. This point makes gait recognition suitable in intelligent video surveillance problems used, for example, in the security field as one of the behavioral biometrics or in healthcare as good physical patterns. However, using 3D human body tracked landmarks to provide such motions’ analysis faces many challenges like spatial and temporal variations and high dimension. Hence, in this thesis, we propose novel frameworks to infer 3D skeletal sequences for the purpose of 3D gait analysis and recognition. They are based on viewing the above-cited sequences as time-parameterized trajectories on the Kendall shape space S, results of modding out shape-preserving transformations, i.e., scaling, translation and rotation. Considering the non-linear structure of the manifold on which these shape trajectories are lying, the use of the conventional machine learning tools and the standard computational tools cannot be straightforward. Hence, we make use of geometric steps related to the Riemannian geometry in order to handle the problem of nonlinearity. Our first contribution is a geometric-functional framework for 3D gait analysis with a direct application to behavioral biometric recognition and physical performance assessment. We opt for an extension of the functional Principal Component Analysis to the underlying space. This functional analysis of trajectories, grounding on the geometry of the space of representation, allows to extract compact and efficient biometric signatures. In addition, we also propose a geometric deep convolutional auto-encoder (DCAE) for the purpose of gait recognition from time-varying 3D skeletal data. To accommodate the Neural Network architectures to obtained manifold-valued trajectories on the underlying non-linear space S, these trajectories are mapped to a certain vector space by means of someRiemannien geometry tools, prior to the encoding-decoding scheme. Without applying any prior temporal alignment step (e.g., Dynamic Time Warping) or modeling (e.g., HMM, RNN), they are then fed to a convolutional auto-encoder to build an identity-relevant latent space that showed discriminating capacities for identifying persons when no Temporal Alignment is applied to the time-parametrized gait trajectories: Efficient gait patterns are extracted. Both approaches were tested on several publicly available datasets and shows promising results
Binti, Abdullah Nik Nailah. "Activity States : un cadre théorique pour l'analyse de collaboration humaine concrète sur le Web". Phd thesis, Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20037.
Texto completoThe work was centered on observing actual computer scientists communications on the web via social tools (instant messaging and video conferencing) in the context of a joint project. The objective has been to understand how learning and communication mutually influence one another; allowing people to infer each other’s communicative behavior, at the same time understanding how intentions arise when people are speaking and doing activities First, actual conversations have been recorded and observed (about 50,000 words exchanges). Then those conversations have been manually translated into formalized agent messages. The analysis of those formalized messages, and the comprehension of the communicative scenarios has required the extensive application of existing theories; (i) hierarchy of learning and communication (i. E. Logical theories of learning and communications) (Bateson, 1972 & 1979); (ii) situated cognition (Clancey, 1997); and (iii) activity theory (Leont'ev 1977 & 1978). However, during this analytical process, an innovative theoretical framework has emerged that has been called Activity States. It provides guidelines on how to convert the actual conversations into agent communication language (having equivalent semantics). The Activity State framework also attempts to explain and understand how the activity of reading (as an example), and comprehending the text that one reads, is in relationship to that person’s activity on the web. All of this influences how people formulate his/her intentions. Finally, the analysis of the formalized messages enabled preliminary findings: 1. People have internal rules (e. G. , combinatorial rule system); and 2. People learn, merge and adapt communication protocols in their situated context (in some ways validating some existing theories suggesting this). As a conclusion, our Activity States framework is claimed to be a promising approach for a better understanding of human collaborative behavior at a distance, over the Web
Ali, Abid. "Analyse vidéo à l'aide de réseaux de neurones profonds : une application pour l'autisme". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ4066.
Texto completoUnderstanding actions in videos is a crucial element of computer vision with significant implications across various fields. As our dependence on visual data grows, comprehending and interpreting human actions in videos becomes essential for advancing technologies in surveillance, healthcare, autonomous systems, and human-computer interaction. The accurate interpretation of actions in videos is fundamental for creating intelligent systems that can effectively navigate and respond to the complexities of the real world. In this context, advances in action understanding push the boundaries of computer vision and play a crucial role in shaping the landscape of cutting-edge applications that impact our daily lives. Computer vision has made significant progress with the rise of deep learning methods such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) pushing the boundaries of computer vision and enabling the computer vision community to advance in many domains, including image segmentation, object detection, scene understanding, and more. However, video processing remains limited compared to static images. In this thesis, we focus on action understanding, dividing it into two main parts: action recognition and action detection, and their application in the medical domain for autism analysis.In this thesis, we explore the various aspects and challenges of video understanding from a general and an application-specific perspective. We then present our contributions and solutions to address these challenges. In addition, we introduce the ACTIVIS dataset, designed to diagnose autism in young children. Our work is divided into two main parts: generic modeling and applied models. Initially, we focus on adapting image models for action recognition tasks by incorporating temporal modeling using parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) techniques. We also address real-time action detection and anticipation by proposing a new joint model for action anticipation and online action detection in real-life scenarios. Furthermore, we introduce a new task called 'loose-interaction' in dyadic situations and its applications in autism analysis. Finally, we concentrate on the applied aspect of video understanding by proposing an action recognition model for repetitive behaviors in videos of autistic individuals. We conclude by proposing a weakly-supervised method to estimate the severity score of autistic children in long videos
Meslot, Carine. "Etude des facteurs et des interventions basées sur le planning comportements de santé : applications à l'activité physique et à l'adhésion médicamenteuse". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAS016/document.
Texto completoIndividuals do not always enact their intentions into behaviours, which may lead to severe outcomes especially in health-related fields. Self-regulation strategies, like cuedependent plans interventions, have shown efficiency to help to counter the intentionbehaviour gap. Yet, no review has been realised recently to bring a qualitative and quantitative analyses of this effect.Firstly, we carried out a qualitative review to evaluate the effectiveness of cuedependent planning intervention to increase health-related behaviours. We included 329 studies with experimental and prospective designs that measured or evaluated the effect of cue-dependent plans (e.g. implementation intention, action planning, coping planning) on health-related behaviours, among general, clinical and student population. The qualitative analysis revealed for instance that implementation intentions were used in majority, even if the if-then format was not systematically adopted. However, we oticed confusion between the terminologies of the plans and the theories. A quantitative review will be realised to evaluate the effect size and the moderators that could magnify or diminish the effects of cuedependent planning interventions on health-related behaviours. Second, we presented two studies that tested the effectiveness of cue-dependent planning interventions on physical activity, which was the most represented health outcome in cue-dependent planning interventions, according to our review. Motivational (mental simulation) and volitional (implementation intention) interventions were combined to promote physical activity participation. The first study, adopting a cluster randomised controlled trial design among students, did not show any significant effect neither of the mental simulation plus implementation intention intervention, nor of the implementation intention intervention compared to the control condition. The second study adopted a more rigorous methodology with a full-factorial randomised controlled design, with a larger sample and objective measures of physical activity (attendance to gym centre). Nevertheless, the study revealed no statistically significant main or interactive effects of the mental simulation and implementation intention conditions on physical activity outcomes. Findings were not in line with previous research that showed effects of cue-dependent plans to promote physical activity. This adds to the necessity of identifying the moderators of these interventions in health behaviours.Thirdly, cue-dependent planning interventions are needed in illness behaviours. In chronic disease, non-adherence to medication is a public health problem that can lead to negative health outcomes. Even if the patients want to take their treatment, they may, for instance, forget it and fail to enact the behaviour. We tested the ability of an intervention adopting implementation intention and coping planning to promote medication adherence. In a randomized controlled trial, outpatients with cardiovascular diseases were randomly allocated to either an implementation intention and coping planning condition, or to a noplanning control condition. Findings revealed no significant effect of the intervention on medication adherence. However, post hoc moderator analyses showed that the beliefs moderated the effect of the intervention, which was effective in patients with lower necessity beliefs compared to those with higher necessity beliefs. The design used in the study did not enable to test the direct an interactive effect on medication adherence, so it would be necessary to replicate these findings with a full factorial design among patients with cardiovascular diseases
Mouloudi, Assia. "Intégration des besoins des utilisateurs pour la conception de systèmes d'information interactifs.Application à la conception d'un système d'information voyageurs multimodal (SIVM)". Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00204747.
Texto completoEn premier lieu, nous avons étudié le domaine d'application du système à concevoir : l'information multimodale des voyageurs de transports en commun confrontés à une perturbation du trafic. Nous avons construit et mis en œuvre la méthodologie de recueil et d'analyse des besoins des usagers dans différentes situations nominales et perturbées. Afin de modéliser les données recueillies, nous avons adopté un paradigme de représentation à base d'objets et de relations qui représentent les acteurs, les sites, les outils et leurs interactions. Nous avons construit un modèle générique des connaissances acquises lors de l'analyse des besoins des utilisateurs. Ce modèle a, par la suite, été transcrit dans le formalisme UML à des fins de spécification du système à concevoir. Dans la dernière partie, nous avons implémenté une application informatique basée sur ce modèle. Cette application est un outil d'aide à la conception visant à assister la validation des spécifications du système d'information interactif à concevoir.
Guermal, Mohammed. "Compréhension de l'activité humaine dans des vidéos". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ4015.
Texto completoUnderstanding actions in videos is a pivotal aspect of computer vision with profound implications across various domains. As our reliance on visual data continues to surge, the ability to comprehend and interpret human actions in videos is necessary for advancing technologies in surveillance, healthcare, autonomous systems,and human-computer interaction. Moreover, There is an unprecedented economical and societal demand for robots that can assist humans in their industrial workand daily life activities. Hence, understanding human behaviour and its activities would be very helpful and would facilitate development of such robots. The accurate interpretation of actions in videos serves as a cornerstone for the developmentof intelligent systems that can navigate and respond effectively to the complexities of the real world. In this context, advancements in action understanding not only push the boundaries of computer vision but also play a crucial role in shaping thelandscape of cutting-edge applications that impact our daily lives. Computer Vision has known huge progress with the rise of deep learning methods such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and more lately transformers. Such methods allowed computer vision community to evolve in many domains such image segmentation, object detection, scene understanding and so on. However, when it comes to video processing it is still limited compared to static images. In this thesis, we focus on action understanding and we divide it into two main parts: action recognition and action detection. Mainly, action understanding algorithms faces following challenges : 1) temporal and spacial analysis, 2) fine grained actions, and 3) temporal modeling. In this thesis we introduce with more details the different aspects and key challenges of action understanding. After that we are going to introduce our contributions and solution on how to deal with these challenges. We are going to focus mainly on recognising fine-grained action using spatio-temporal objects semantics and their dependencies in space and time, we are going also to tackle action detection in real-time and anticipation by introducing a new joint model of action anticipation and online action detection for a real life scenarios applications of action detection. We are going also to introduce a new method of efficiently training networks, specifically transformers and also a more efficient use of multi-modalities (RGB, Optical-Flow, Audio...). Finally, we will discuss some ongoing and future works. All our contributions where extensively evaluated on challenging bench-marks and outperformed previous works
Paris, Jean-Christophe. "Ingénierie cognitive pour l'aide à la conduite automobile de la personne âgée : analyse et modélisation de l'activité de conduite en situation naturelle pour la conception de fonctions de monitorage". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0425/document.
Texto completoThis thesis in Cognitics presents a Human Centered Design approach for thedevelopment of future driving assistance systems dedicated to elderly drivers orElderly Adapted Driver Assistance Systems (E-ADAS).To do so, this work relies on a multi-disciplinary approach for data collection andanalysis. Regarding Ergonomics, the aim is to better understand the specificrequirements of this population in order to identify their actual difficulties and actualneeds of assistance. In this frame, 76 drivers (aged from 70 to 87 years old) took partto an on-the-road experiment, driving an instrumented car. The dataset includes2100 km of ecological driving data and 1400 auto-evaluated driving situations,completed by 6 Focus Groups (involving 30 elderly drivers).The second part of this research, relying on Cognitive Engineering, explores thedesign and implementation of monitoring functions based on the aforementioneddataset. The objective is to have real-time models and analytical functions, able to:(1) supervise the driving activity as realized by an elderly driver, (2) taking in toconsideration the driving context or situational risks (3) in order to detect difficulties ordriving errors. Beyond this thesis, these diagnostics will have to be integrated inassistive systems to better adapt their support to the specific needs of elderly drivers.Specific monitoring functions related to basic vehicle control (speed management,lane positioning and headway regulation) are presented. Based on these results,integrated monitoring functions for intersection crossings in Left-Turn manoeuver,highway merging assistance, and, more broadly, lane change assistance areintroduced
Schwambach, Vítor. "Methods and tools for rapid and efficient parallel implementation of computer vision algorithms on embedded multiprocessors". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM022/document.
Texto completoEmbedded computer vision applications demand high system computational power and constitute one of the key drivers for application-specific multi- and many-core systems. A number of early system design choices can impact the system’s parallel performance – among which the parallel granularity, the number of processors and the balance between computation and communication. Their impact in the final system performance is difficult to assess in early design stages and there is a lack for tools that support designers in this task. The contributions of this thesis consist in two methods and associated tools that facilitate the selection of embedded multiprocessor’s architectural parameters and computer vision application parallelization strategies. The first consists of a Design Space Exploration (DSE) methodology that relies on Parana, a fast and accurate parallel performance estimation tool. Parana enables the evaluation of what-if parallelization scenarios and can determine their maximum achievable performance limits. The second contribution consists of a method for optimal 2D image tile sizing using constraint programming within the Tilana tool. The proposed method integrates non-linear DMA data transfer times and parallel scheduling overheads for increased accuracy
Vettier, Benoît. "Suivi de l'activité humaine par hypothèses multiples abductives". Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENM021/document.
Texto completoThis proposal deals with human activity monitoring, through the real-time analysis of both physiology data and accelerometry. These data come from ambulatory sensors ; they are noisy and ambiguous, and merely represent a partial and incomplete observation of the current si- tuation. Given the nature of the data on one hand, and the application's required features on the other hand, we consider an Open World of non-exclusive possible situations. This has a restrictive impact on the reasoning engine. We thus propose to use abductive reasoning, based on interconnected and personalized models. This way of reasoning consists in handling a beam of hypotheses, within a dynamic Frame of constraints which come both from the Observer (who defines acceptable situations) and from non-functional expectations, or relating to the observed person's health. The number of hy- potheses at each timestep is wont to vary, by means of Prediction-Verification schemes. The evolution of the Frame leads to context-sensitive adaptive control. We propose a multi-agent system to manage these hypotheses; the agents are organized around a shared environment which allows them to trade information. This interaction and the general detection of activation contexts for the agents are powered and regulated by condition- action filters. The way of reasoning and the organization of heterogeneous agents within a homogeneous Frame lead to a system which we claim to be expressive, evolutive and cost-efficient. An imple- mentation using real sensor data is presented to illustrate these qualities
Belden, David. "Deux paradigmes de l'activité humaine : travail et jeu". Besançon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BESA1018.
Texto completoBeaufils, Bertrand. "Topological Data Analysis and Statistical Learning for measuring pedestrian activities from inertial sensors". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS107.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on the detection of specific movements using ActiMyo, a device developed by the company Sysnav. This system is composed by low-cost miniature inertial sensors that can be worn on the ankle and wrist. In particular, a supervised statistical learning approach aims to detect strides in ankle recordings. This first work, combined with an algorithm patented by Sysnav, allows to compute the trajectory of the pedestrian. This trajectory is then used in a new supervised learning method for the activity recognition, which is valuable information, especially in a medical context. These two algorithms offer an innovative approach based on the alignment of inertial signals and the extraction of candidate intervals which are then classified by the Gradient Boosting Trees algorithm. This thesis also presents a neural network architecture combining convolutional channels and topological data analysis for the detection of movements representative of Parkinson’s disease such as tremors and dyskinesia crises
Mougel, Catherine. "Analyse économique de l'activité d'agent immobilier". Université de Franche-Comté. UFR des Sciences du langage, de l'homme et de la société, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BESA0001.
Texto completoHadriche, Abir. "Caractérisation du répertoire dynamique macroscopique de l'activité électrique cérébrale humaine au repos". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4724/document.
Texto completoWe propose an algorithme based on set oriented approach of dynamical system to extract a coarse grained organization of brain state space on the basis of EEG signals. We use it for comparing the organization of the state space of large scale simulation of brain dynamics with actual brain dynamics of resting activity in healthy and SEP subjects
Verhasselt, Valérie. "Régulation de l'activité des cellules dendritiques humaines: effets du lipopolysaccharide bactérien et du potentiel redox". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211837.
Texto completoSpinelli, Laurent. "Analyse spatiale de l'activité électrique cérébrale : nouveaux développements". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004851.
Texto completoRodzynek, Jean-Jacques. "Etude de l'activité procoagulante du liquide d'ascite: conséquences physiopathologiques et implications thérapeutiques dans les shunts péritoneoveineux". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213508.
Texto completoCalais-Desserée, Elodie. "Analyse de la marche humaine sans marqueurs". Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOMU02.
Texto completoHamann, Cécile. "Analyse ergonomique de l'activité cognitive de gestion d'atelier mécanique". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ55858.pdf.
Texto completoTouchette, Martine. "Analyse dialogique de l'activité interprétative chez Freud et Bakhtine". Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22631.
Texto completoNguyen, Hoang Phuong Uyen. "Analyse électrochimique de l'activité redox en anaérobie d'Escherichia coli". Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENI005.
Texto completoTo further understand the metabolism parameters involved in the electrochemicaldetection of bacteria and microbial fuel cell applications, the electrochemical behavior ofdifferent E. coli strains was analyzed. The bacteria were incubated in anaerobic conditionin a culture medium containing different substrates in a three-electrode electrochemicalcell where ITO working electrode serves as an electron acceptor. Using cyclic voltammetryand chronoamperometry, the electrochemical characteristics of excreted redox compoundsissued from bacterial metabolism have been assessed. In the case of E. coli XL1-Blue inpresence of different carbon sources such as glucose, succinate or acetate, the resultsshowed that a natural redox compound is produced whatever the carbon source. A higherelectrical current is obtained in the case of the addition of artificial mediators (PQQ orriboflavine) in the medium. In the case of E. coli K12 and its mutants ΔmenC and ΔubiCincubated in medium containing glucose or succinate, it is found that ΔubiC produced ahigher current compared to E.coli K12 and its mutants ΔmenC. It has been proposed thatΔubiC exhibits its electrochemical activity through the gene regulation of menaquinonesynthesis pathway
Laassel, El-Mostafa. "Analyse et modélisation multidimensionelles de la marche humaine". Valenciennes, 1992. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/ad74bd8a-f01e-4436-b58d-831899774598.
Texto completoBrochier, Thomas. "Organisation cérébrale de l'activité somatosensorielle dans le contrôle de l'action : étude neuropsychologique chez l'homme". Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO1T121.
Texto completoLa, Rota Camilo. "Analyse de l'activité électrique multi-sites auditif chez le cobaye". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE19001.
Texto completoThe scientific problem that has motivated this study is the representation and processing of information in the neocortex. We are interested in particular in the hypothesis that states that information is coded on the neural populations' cooperative activities. This study is essential to find technological solutions to some medical problems, such as the development of neuroprosthesis. The existence of new multisite measuring techniques that allow the in vivo observation of the spatiotemporal activity of the cortex at high resolutions, give us the possibility to study the concept of "neural interaction" at mesoscopic scales and to study the mechanisms of senses and perception at the level of functional areas. We have studied in particular the electrical activity of the guinea pig's auditory cortex in response to stimuli using voltage-dependent dyes (optical imaging). We have studied some techniques for the processing and analysis of the spatiotemporal information represented by this data. By means of a descriptive analysis we have characterized the signals, their variability and the measuring errors. A theoretical study complemented this description, and allowed us to interpret our data in function of the underlying neural activity. Optical signals are difficult to process with traditional signal processing techniques, we have used wavelet-based techniques to estimate and characterize the neural activity components of the signal. Finally, we have evaluated some approaches to the spatiotemporal modeling of the cortical activity, and we have studied the pertinence of these models to describe our data. Some perspectives on this problem and on the design of future experiences are given
Dir, Mélissa. "Analyse de l'activité professionnelle des tuteurs en formation à distance". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2053.
Texto completoThis research focuses on the work of distance learning tutors and its development opportunities. The analysis of activity combines a clinical approach (Clot, 1999) and a holistic approach (Engeström, 2000) at the crossing of work psychology, ergonomics and third-generation Cultural Historical Activity Theory. It focuses on the activity of six distance learning tutors from a distance learning company. After an exploratory investigation, the data collection is composed of interviews “to a double”, simple self-confrontation and crossed self-confrontation interviews. At the same time, other data enrich the analysis: ethnographic data, prescriptive data, and traces data about distance learning tutors and e-learners. The results show differences between prescribed work and real work. They also reveal several contradictions and obstacles to the development mainly related to the rigidity of the prescriptive framework. Likewise, the major role of tools in developmental processes is highlighted. Then, the results underline the nodal nature of the activity even though organizational conditions seem to respond to an industrial logic. In this regard, the absence of peer-to-peer exchanges, in particular, questions the work development opportunities. This is all the more important given that distance learning tutors activity appears to contribute to the "recreation" of a specific professional genre:"trainer"
Sfar, Hela. "Real time intelligent decision making from heterogeneous and imperfect data". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLL013.
Texto completoNowadays, pervasive computing is facing an increasing advancement. This paradigm is characterized by multiple sensors highly integrated in objects of the physical world.The development of personal applications using data provided by these sensors has prompted the creation of smart environments, which are designed as an overlay advanced framework that proactively, but sensibly, assist individuals in their every day lives. A smart environment application gathers streaming data from the deployed sensors, processes and analyzes the collected data before making decisions and executing actions on the physical environment. Online data processing consists mainly in data segmentation to divide data into fragments. Generally, in the literature, the fragment size is fixed. However, such static vision usually brings issues of imprecise outputs. Hence, dynamic segmentation using variable sizes of observation windows is an open issue. The analysis phase takes as input a segment of sensor data and extract knowledge by means of reasoning or mining processes. In particular, understanding user daily activities and preventing anomalous situations are a growing concern in the literature but addressing these problems with small and imperfect data is still a key issue. Indeed, data provided by sensors is often imprecise, inaccurate, outdated, in contradiction, or simply missing. Hence, handling uncertainty became an important aspect. Moreover, monitoring the user to obtain a large amount of data about his/her life routine is not always possible and too intrusive. People are not often open to be monitored for a long period of time. Obviously, when the acquired data about the user are sufficient, most existing methods can provide precise recognition but the performances decline sharply with small datasets.In this thesis, we mainly explored cross-fertilization of statistic and symbolic learning approaches and the contributions are threefold: (i) DataSeg, an algorithm that takes advantage of both unsupervised learning and ontology representation for data segmentation. This combination chooses dynamically the segment size for several applications unlike most of existing methods. Moreover, unlike the literature approaches, Dataseg is able to be adapted to any application features; (ii) AGACY Monitoring, a hybrid model for activity recognition and uncertainty handling which uses supervised learning, possibilistic logic inference, and an ontology to extract meaningful knowledge from small datasets; (iii) CARMA, a method based on Markov Logic Networks (MLN) and causal association rules to detect anomaly causes in a smart environment so as to prevent their occurrence. By automatically extracting logic rules about anomalies causes and integrating them in the MLN rules, we reach a more accurate situation identification even with partial observations. Each of our contributions was prototyped, tested and validated through data obtained from real scenarios that are realized
Stehlé, Juliette. "Réseaux de proximité humaine : analyse, modélisation et processus dynamiques". Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00777540.
Texto completoStehle, Juliette. "Réseaux de proximité humaine : Analyse, modélisation, et processus dynamiques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4086.
Texto completoModern technologies allow to access to more and more detailed information on human interactions. In this context, the SocioPatterns collaboration has allowed to develop an infrastructure based on radio-identification devices, that records human proximity patterns at a fine grained resolution, among voluntary individuals. This infrastructure has been deployed in diverse contexts, such as scientific conferences, a museum, a primary school, or a hospital department. The mere analysis of these data represents a high stake for the study of human dynamics and raises fundamental issues such as the need of adequate tools and analysis techniques. This thesis presents the statistical characterization of physical proximity dynamics, put into relation with the context and other available metadata such as the age, the gender of participants or the structure of their virtual social networks. Although contact patterns considerably differ amongst the various contexts, the empirical distributions of interaction durations and of inter-contact times are very similar. An agent-based model, presented in this thesis, suggests simple microscopic interaction rules able to produce the complex macrostructure of interaction durations. In the last place, the characterization of contact dynamics constitutes a determining step for understanding spreading mechanisms of diseases such as the influenza. The human proximity data have allowed to analyze the level of information needed on contact dynamics for the elaboration of epidemiological models of contagion. Such models allow to better estimate the impact of public health strategies, e.g. the closure of school classes and targeted vaccinations
Belluye, Nicolas. "Analyse biomécanique du positionnement en cyclisme". Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12319.
Texto completoEl, Hijri Jawad. "Contribution expérimentale et numérique à l'étude de la remise en suspension des particules par l'activité humaine". Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00404080.
Texto completoPour l'instant trop peu d'études ont été consacrées aux aspects de la remise en suspension des particules car de façon générale, qu'il s'agisse d'habitations ou de grands volumes ouverts au public, les vitesses de l'air restent relativement faibles et permettent difficilement d'«arracher» les particules déposées. C'est dans cet esprit que nous avons élaboré en cellule test, un protocole expérimental pour mettre en évidence ce phénomène. Nos expérimentations permettront de dégager une tendance visant la modélisation du comportement particulaire en phase de remise en suspension.
Nous nous sommes basés sur l'analogie électrique des cycles de charge – décharge d'un self dans une résistance dans un circuit RL pour modéliser le dépôt et la remise en suspension des particules.
Les résultats fournis par le modèle reproduisent dans la majorité des cas les résultats expérimentaux sur des intervalles représentatifs de temps.
Cunha, Daisy Moreira. "La formation humaine entre le concept et l'expérience du travail : éléments pour une pédagogie de l'activité". Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX10001.
Texto completoPakdel, Ali. "De l'activité communicative à l'activité sociale d'apprentissage des langues en ligne : analyse de la dynamique sociale en contexte institutionnel". Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00637137.
Texto completoLitim, Malika. "Les histoires de travail : un instrument du développement du métier et de l'activité professionnelle : une analyse de l'activité soignante". Paris, CNAM, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CNAM0558.
Texto completoChristin-Maitre, Sophie. "Mesures de l'activité biologique de l'hormone folliculotrope chez la femme : )". Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T066.
Texto completoStordeur, Patrick. "Analyse de l'expression de l'ARN messager de l'interleukine-10". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211501.
Texto completoCrokaert, Françoise. "Mesure de l'activité bactéricide du sérum seul ou associé à un antibiotique sur "E. coli" par une méthode photométrique semi-automatisée et par comptes de colonies". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213093.
Texto completoGodin, Gilles. "Etude de l'activité comparée de deux préparations commerciales d'erythropoiétine recombinante humaine dans l'anémie de l'insuffisant rénal chronique". Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2P010.
Texto completoRusthoven, Thea van Til. "Chromo-analyse des personnages dans La bête humaine d'Émile Zola". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ35447.pdf.
Texto completoDevoge, Patrice. "Contribution à l'analyse d'huiles essentielles et d'extraits végétaux participant à l'activité d'un médicament antirhumatismal". Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX30029.
Texto completoStaicu, Adriana Violeta. "Analyse et modélisation du mouvement de préhension". Lyon 1, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00543780.
Texto completoThis work discusses two fundamental problems relating to grasping hand : determining a kinematic model of the hand and to realise a data base of prehensile postures of the hand. A new kinematics model of the hand is developed with the main specificity: the deformation in arch of the palm realised by a two additional degrees of freedom for the ring and pinkie fingers. Ideal joints and rigid segments characterise the kinematic skeleton of the hand. The kinematical model is described using a robotic formalism developped by Denavit-Hartenberg. Ten hand postures are unregistered during an experimentation in vivo and using different shapes (sphere, cylinder and cube) and dimensions of object (40 mm, 60 mm, 80 mm). Qualitative and quantitative validation are realised using this model in the environment of an existent in digital human model (MAN3D)
Fusco, Nicolas Delamarche Paul Cretual Armel. "Analyse, modélisation et simulation de la marche pathologique". Rennes : Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00293627/fr.
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