Tesis sobre el tema "Analyse de l’espace de travail"
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Heddad, Nadia. "L’espace de l’activité, de l’analyse à la conception". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CNAM1086/document.
Texto completoAll human activity requires a spatial dimension; working is not circumventing this prerequisite. The main focus of this thesis is the analysis of the working activity’s spatial dimension. Working is addressed in the space dimensional context that is necessary for it’s accomplishment. This reflection sheds light on the role and relation of space in the accomplishment of the activity.The reflection consists first in revisiting the notion of space in the context of work; the aim is to develop in terms of ergonomics, the understanding of the spatial dimension of the activity. Results from the analysis of work in a postal environment are used in order to propose the concept of “the space of activity”. This is about modeled space and it acts in and through the working activity.It arises in the frame of a double theoretical context:- The instrumental approach allows us to demonstrate how a given space is modified and adjusted during the activity. The artefact consists of the material devices (building material) and organization (layout).- The enaction theory consists in catching the emerging dimensions of the activity’s space simultaneously to the activity’s development. It is about continuous creation and transformation of the space in terms of “local production”. The concept of the activity’s space represents a novel analysis unit allowing the consideration of the space dimension in working situations. Second, the reflection consists in the proposition of an approach that interferes with the conception and the objectives to develop the activity and the space for the activity. This requests a joint conception of the activity and it’s space. The approach by the activity’s space is illustrated by the intervention that is a research conducted in a postal environment. The defended idea is that any activity is carried out in space in a material and immaterial manner, through actions, relations between the subjects or between the surrounding objects and subjects in the achievement of the activity- On one side, it is about defining space as a material and organizational device and as a support for activity in an instrumental and developmental approach by the artifacts and activities.- On the other side, it is about taking in account the emerging dimension of the activity’s space that overcomes the purely instrumental goal. The challenge is to create a way to think about both the space and the activity in a perspective of activity development and space
Bourbonnais, Francis. "Utilisation optimale de l’espace de travail des robots parallèles en affrontant certains types de singularités". Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2012. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1097/1/BOURBONNAIS_Francis.pdf.
Texto completoKumar, Atal Anil. "Conception et commande d'un robot à câbles pour la manipulation dextre de pièces sur des chaînes de production". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0269.
Texto completoThis thesis aims to design and control an underactuated Cable-Driven Parallel Robot (CDPR) with four cables for the agile handling of parts in a manufacturing line. For already installed manufacturing lines, most of the available working space is often used, and adding a new serial robot on the workshop ground is sometimes difficult. Using the ceiling to fix heavy machines is not always possible, and it could be necessary to reinforce the structure. CDPR is a way to achieve the work with a light structure, with low modification of the existing workshop. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that the majority of the existing designs place the actuating motors and the winches on the base platform, whereas in this work, the actuating motors are placed on the moving platform, making it convenient for the CDPR to be fixed in the manufacturing line with simple anchor points. First, the workspace of the CDPR for the desired environment is investigated. The underactuated nature of the robot and the positive cable tension constraint imposed due to the flexibility of the cable limit the workspace investigation to static equilibrium conditions. The classical static equilibrium equations have been used to calculate the robot workspace and the corresponding behavior of the plat- form orientation angles have been presented. Several case studies have been shown with different payloads attached to the moving platform. The dimensions of the moving platform and the base structure have also been changed to understand the possible region of the workspace where the robot performance can be satisfactory. The prototype dimensions have been fixed taking into account the workspace performance. Following this, the classical dynamic model developed in the field of CDPR has been used to implement the control law on the CDPR. The second part of the thesis presents the design and implementation of the control laws for the CDPR. The classical Input-Output Feedback Linearization (IOFL) technique is developed and simulation results have been presented. The role of internal dynamics present in the system because of the underactuation is demonstrated using their phase-plane plots. Two possible solutions have been suggested to reduce the effect of internal dynamics on the system. The first solution is to use appropriate dimensions for the platform and the base structure. Simulation results have been presented to show the behavior of the platform when the dimensions are changed. A Modified Feedback Linearization (MFL) has been proposed as an ad-hoc solution for eliminating the effects of the internal dynamics. The simulation results obtained show that the proposed ad-hoc solution performs efficiently and significantly better than the classical IOFL technique for certain dimensions of the CDPR. The use of this approach for different cases of CDPR needs to be investigated. Experimental results validating the IOFL technique are presented to demonstrate the satisfactory behavior of the CDPR with the control law developed during the thesis. The overall objective of the project is to develop a CDPR that can work with an operator in a fully functional manufacturing line and aid the worker in lifting heavy or hot objects. This thesis achieves the first step in making a functional prototype of a CDPR which will be improved further to make it collaborative
Dargahi, Malellou Esmaeil. "L’espace public à Téhéran : analyse comparée de trois quartiers (ancien, moderne et informel)". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20013/document.
Texto completoThe problematic that guides this research is as follows: what are the main dimensions of the public space in Iran and what are the variations of this public space between old, modern and informal neighborhoods in Tehran? In order to compare the characters of the public spaces, we chose the 3 types of old neighborhood (Bazar), modern (Shahrak-e-Gharb) and informal (Khak Sefid) present in Tehran. Examination according to the method presented (documents, personal observations, questionnaires and interviews), allowed us to conclude that the answers obtained from this work confirm that the Bazar district is characterized by important interactions, because of its commercial and religious influence, despite its antiquated structure. The modern district of Shahrak-e-Gharb provides functionality for planned public spaces, but the omnipresence of the automobile and the lack of superior functions limit the exchanges on a neighborhood scale. Finally, despite the lack of developed spaces, the informal Khak Sefid neighborhood is not devoid of social interaction. The challenges of planning public spaces therefore necessarily differ according to their specific physical, economic and socio-cultural characteristics that we have tried to highlight in this thesis
Icard, Julien. "Analyse économique et droit du travail". Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010317.
Texto completoSalah-Eddine, Laïla. "Le harcèlement moral au travail : analyse sociologique". Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343544.
Texto completoDans une première partie, nous faisons la genèse de la notion, en retraçant les différentes étapes de sa diffusion jusqu'à son appropriation par les juges. Ce retour sur l'histoire de l'émergence du harcèlement moral donne à voir les avatars qu'a connus la définition de la notion.
Dans une deuxième partie, nous donnons une définition subjective du harcèlement moral, c'est-à-dire que nous étudions comme « harcèlement moral » ce que les acteurs interrogés définissent comme tel. Les cas de harcèlement moral sont d'une extrême diversité, et le terme apparaît d'une appropriation large et aisée, sans exclusive d'un âge, d'un sexe ou d'une origine sociale.
Dans une dernière partie analytique, nous confrontons les matériaux empiriques obtenus avec une explication récurrente : le « harcèlement moral » contribuerait à occulter les causes organisationnelles et socio-économiques de la souffrance au travail. C'est la thèse de la « psychologisation » du social, dont nous montrons les apports et discutons les limites.
Bhukuth, Augendra. "L' analyse économique du travail des enfants". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS021S.
Texto completoSince more than one decade, economists are interested in the problematic of child labour because the phenomenon is multidimensional. The debate is more often on the relationship between poverty and child labour and the trade-off education and child labour. Therefore, there exists a little literature on the issue of children’s exploitation whereas the main objective of the International Labour Office (ILO) is to fight against the worst forms of child labour. We fulfil this lacuna by proposing a study of children’s exploitation in term of social capital. We distinguish two forms of exploitation: light form of exploitation and severe form of exploitation. These different forms of exploitation depend on parents’ social capital and on their income. The light form of exploitation is localised inside the household enterprises whereas severe form of exploitation takes form in the market
Couralet, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Une analyse économique du travail des enfants". Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0141.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with an analysis of causes and consequences of child labour. In a first part, the main microeconomic determinants of child labour supply – the weakness of returns to education, the weakness of parental resources linked with no access to credit market, the weakness of parental altruism – are introduced in a dynastic model. In the second part, some national Latin American household surveys (Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela) are used to confront the theory with the facts. Finally, the analysis of child labour is led on a macroeconomic level and some public policy implications are deducted. It is shown that a public intervention may lead the economy on a more equal and better for poor children growth path
Cambone, Marie. "La médiation patrimoniale à l’épreuve du « numérique » : Analyse de dispositifs de médiation de l’espace urbain patrimonial". Thesis, Avignon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AVIG1160/document.
Texto completoAt the beginning of our research in 2010, there was great interest in the advent of the digital era and its impact in the field of cultural heritage. In light of this and the increasingly numerous debates about it, we wondered what “digital phenomena” adds to (or detracts from) the cultural heritage experience. The change of support does not necessarily (rarely even) changes heritage mediation practices, therefore, for the purposes of this research, the term digital refers not to digital technology but the concept of “digital” as a social phenomenon with everything that this implies through speeches, imagination, practices and expectations. To move beyond the discussions about technology, we have chosen to study a limited number of fields (the Cité Internationale Universitaire de Paris and the Mont-Royal in Montreal) and opt for a socio-semiotic approach. This thesis shows that a same device, the interactive map, can offer multiple possibilities for cultural mediation, between documentary mediation and cultural mediation. It also calls into question a possible reconfiguration of the roles of mediator and visitor in the digital forum: far from upsetting the function and identity of heritage institutions, digital devices implemented in these two fields strengthen their legitimacy as cultural mediators
Manvoutouka, Roth Tine. "Analyse du travail et développement en Afrique subsaharienne". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3010.
Texto completoThe diversity of working situations in sub-Saharan Africa requires a re-examination of the common conception of “work” within the relation of work and development. These industrious activities respond to more or less formalized normative systems, which cannot legitimately be ignored. These different systems of norms largely shape the practice of real work. The aim of this research is to question the interferences or the contradictions between these different systems of norms, which the actors are required to cope with in their activity. To this end I examined a capacity building development project inside the Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Tourism in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. I defend the thesis that the relation to work in Africa is not characterized by cultural specificities or exoticism. Instead, it is the result of an anthropological experience made of more or less conscious choices among vital, social, legal, political or technical norms, on an individual or collective level. As a locus of intense normative tensions, work appears then as an appropriate point of entry into a broader analysis of social change, and therefore questions the political and scientific institutions where knowledge for and on development is produced
Bernardi, Valérie. "Les conséquences d'une politique de réduction du temps de travail sur le statut des salariés : analyse empirique et analyse théorique". Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE0013.
Texto completoThe aim of this research was to verify the personal hypothesis in which a policy of reduced working week (macro-economic or micro-economic) was able to represent an element in the enforcement of segregation, and diminishment of job security within the secondary segment (according to the definition by m. Piore and p. Doeringer in their dualist analysis of the relation-ship between the primary and secondary segments), as much the driving factor in the secondarisation of numerous employees belonging to the primary segment. This study demanded at the outset not only a clarification of the notions of "work" and "working week",but also an attention to the considerable evolution of these concepts from pre-capitalist societies up to the present time. Then,the study of dms and metric macro-econometric models of projection made it possible to determine the essential hypotheses in relation to the setting up of "reduced working week" policy as a generator of employment. However, the absence of certain variables and the considerable divergence between the results given by these two models rendered it impossible to mesure the true impact of such a policy on employment levels. The evaluation of the consequences(anticipated or observed) of a "r. W. W" on employment status was therefore supported in this study by the observations and results of enquiries which placed the different socio professional categories in the foreground of their research. In order to clarify and respond to it first hypothesis, it was decided to project it within the framework of some theories of labor market. One of the principal observation made as a result of this work was that such a policy can have pernicious effects on the social, salarial and professional status of the workers
CASTILHOS, KARAM HELIETE MARIA. "Travail, souffrance, silence analyse psychodynamique et nouvelles orientations therapeutiques de l'alcoolisme". Paris, CNAM, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CNAM0282.
Texto completoThe author brings up its clinical experience in the brazilian oil industry, to conduct a psychodynamic study of the links between alcoholism and alcoholic behavior in work environment, where silence was at the center of a typical labour suffering. Integrated at the work organization, the circuit of this suffering went through family, where wife and children were appealed. The author relies on the theory in psychodynamic labor for which resistance to change refers to a form of organized resistance to collectively fight against suffering in order to execute the compagny tasks. The author shows that alcohol is then one of the means, perhaps the most powerful one, used by the workers to resist the pathogenicals labour effects. Alcoholism appears as a part of a representation system which interpretation is impossible without the analysis of labour and its links with the worker's family. Therefore, the interventions on alcoholism and its primary prevention in work environment, will have to be rethought - which allows to consider new therapeutic approaches
Kamionka, Thierry. "Analyse microéconométrique des transitions sur le marché du travail". Toulouse 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU10038.
Texto completoIn this work we present estimates of reduced form transition models and of a dynamic random utility model. These models provide a unified framework allowing studying relationships existing between stocks, flows and mean sojourn durations in labour market states. To analyse the development of unstable job patterns, we consider the French labour force surveys panel collected by the French national institute for statistics and economic studies (INSEE) for the period 1986-1988. Particular attention is paid to the problem of the estimation of continuous-time Markov models using discrete-time panel data. We also study the existence of individuals confined out of stable jobs and alternating between unstable jobs, unemployment and nonparticipation, using a mixture of time-homogeneous Markov processes
Cresson, Geneviève. "Le Travail sanitaire profane dans la famille : analyse sociologique". Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0069.
Texto completoBy lay caring work we mean any work made by lay people which contributes to provide well beeing, physical and mental good health, or healing to any member of the group ( here : within the domestic group 7. The analysis of the caring work begins with a review of the sociological knowledges of the social contexts within wich it takes place ( the doctor-patient relationship, the family, the specific situation of women) and of the ressources it demands ( tasks, love and knowledges) the empirical investigation (an exploratory one, with 40 faimilies having at least one primary schooled child, without special health problem, of great social and educational diversity) consists of repeated in deep interviews with mothers ; the results consist first in a description ( whose necessity had been founded) of this activity, second in an analysis of the reasons the mothers have to ignore and underestimate their own work. There is a paradoxal statement : the very characteristics of the lay care work are also the reasons that prevent women to identify it as a work
Picard, Danielle. "Le conflit industriel dans l'entreprise : analyse du phénomène et des interventions". Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010041.
Texto completoGéraud, Marie-France. "L'opération de recrutement : analyse de droit économique". Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE0038.
Texto completoBlanc, Alain. "Les handicapés au travail : analyse sociologique d'un dispositif d'insertion professionnelle". Grenoble 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE2A003.
Texto completoBayad, Mohamed. "Demande de travail, structures et stratégies d'entreprises : une analyse théorique et empirique". Nancy 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN20001.
Texto completoThe subject of this thesis is to present a dynamic analysis of behavioural adjustments in employment and in labour demand related to company structure strategy. The research has been undertaken using a sample of 1285 firms of the french industrial sector over the period 1974-1985
Labori, Michel. "Analyse spatiale de la Bourgogne rurale". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37606790j.
Texto completoBouville, Grégor. "L'influence de l'organisation et des conditions de travail sur l'absentéisme : analyse quantitative et étude de cas". Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1G004.
Texto completoAbsenteeism, which has long been overshadowed by the increase of unemployment, has become again a real cause for worry for companies and public states. At this prospect, the analysis of the determining factors of absenteeism arouses a particular interest. This research aims at several objectives: draw up a multidisciplinary state-of-the-art of the literature on absenteeism, devise a research model, test it by means of a quantitative analysis based on the Sumer national survey and a case study carried out in a railway maintenance organization. We have drawn six different approaches of absenteeism from this literature review (economic, societal, individual, organizational, medical and integrative). We have focused on the determining factors connected to work organization, working conditions and job resources. Actually, their explicative power seemed significant though being tested in a rather small number of studies. Therefore we have built an explicative model of absenteeism grounded on the organizational approach while integrating as well mediator variables coming from attitudinal (job satisfaction and intent to stay) and medical (occupational health) approaches. On the basis of the quantitative analysis, we have shown that some organizational variables (such as work density, responsibility level, industrial constraint, absence of job resources, tension with the public), whose influence on absenteeism has never (or hardly ever) been tested before, have a definite effect on absenteeism. Our qualitative study supplements our data analysis since it allows testing our model in a dynamic dimension while analyzing the simultaneous effects of a work reorganization and an improvement of the working conditions (as regards physical strenuousness and work place physical environment). Our study stresses the essential role of work organization, beyond an improvement to the physical environment of the work place or a reduction in the physical strenuousness. The results of quantitative and qualitative analysis allow us to suggest preventive measures to absenteeism for the attention of human resource managers
Veny, Yoann. "Socio-Sémantique du Web Politique: Une Analyse de l’Espace de Compétition Thématique et Topographique Entre Communautés Politiques Belges Francophones". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/261521.
Texto completoDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Dumas, Marc. "Temps partiel et analyse du changement de l'implication organisationnelle : une application quasi-expérimentale". Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010005.
Texto completoIn june 1992, at Rio de Janerio in Bresil, should take place the united nations world conference on environment and development. It was devoted on the urgency of the planet awareness on environmental problems. But beyond this struggle of protecting the planet is a big political, diplomatic, economic and social games at stakes. The francophones countries having been aware of this new games at stakes, took advantage of the world mobilisation to formulate a principle of cooperation in the domain of environment. This should have double objectives. For them it is a question of taking an active part in the international community leadership role in favour of environment all in assuring their political, economical and cultural interests. It is also a question of defining a common strategy to fight against environmental problems that are daily confronted with by francophone countries, the most urgent of which are deforestation, water, pollution, desertification and industrial pollution. In the last analysis, it is a question of offering a frame of life environmentally healthy for their population that are more and more becoming numerous, in creating the term of a durable development linking the objectives of ecological economics in francophone states
Amadio, Nicolas. "L'Emotion entre organisation du travail et travail d'organisation : analyse sociologique du service de l'action sociale d'une collectivité territoriale". Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR20066.
Texto completoThe PhD focuses on the sociological analysis of the role of emotions in the production and organization of work processes. Through a diachronic analysis of the place accorded to emotional experience in varied organizational theories, it points out the relevance of a sociopsychological approach. This perspective conducts to distinguish between emotional experience and emotional phenomenon, and to characterize the organisation as a "finite province of meaning" (A. Schütz) in the "Lebenswelt". A qualitative observation of a territorial administration's social work service shows that emotional experience constitutes a material for the co-construction of organizational rationality by the social workers. This study underlines the political dimension of the conflict opposing a work organization which affects the social workers and their organizational work in order to preserve the sense of their professional practices
Kilic, Sinem. "Analyse des perceptions d'équilibre travail-hors-travail et leurs effets sur la satisfaction au travail et l'intention de recours aux pratiques d'harmonisation en France". Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010030.
Texto completoThe balance between personal and professional life is a recurring theme in our societies as well as the spillover phenomena, as well work on the personal life and the personal life on work, were seized by HR managers. As such, operational solutions have been proposed through, the researchers admit that family-friendly practices auch as flexible hours, childcare services on site, company conciergeries etc. However, these practices being relatively undeveloped in France so we can ask on which basis can they be implemented, and especially what their real role on employees’ work-life balance? This question requires an examination of perceptions of work-life balance and its possible effects on job satisfaction. A research model integrating perceptions of work-life balance, intentions to use harmonization practices, and job satisfaction, we. proposed. ln support of an empirical study on two samples of 210 and 224 French employees in the private sector, we have shown that these practices are considered as a real measure supporting work-life balance, and may be, in this sense, a lever for job satisfaction. It also appears that these practices and balance itself are subject to different assessments according to employees' profiles, and finally, while the these practices are in favor of work-life balance, the work-life balance may be a determinant of job satisfaction
Béraud, Mathieu. "Analyse économique du temps réduit indemnisé : chômage dans l'emploi et stabilisation de la relation d'emploi". Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010011.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is short-time working. This public employment policy tool gives an alternative choice to the firm which meets temporary difficulties : shorten working time instead of lay-off. So this instrument offers to the firms the possibility to preserve theirs workers when the demand slow down. Working time is flexizibilized and the contract is not broken. The research is organised around three questions : why the firms have interest (or are obliged) to mobilize their employees for a long period? For what reasons the firms make the choice to preserve (or not preserve) their employees when the demand slow down? What are the terms of the choices which are make by the firm between working time and employment? With these three questions we focalise our analysis on employment relationship, particulary on the problem of the stabilization of employment relationship. The thesis includes three parts. With the first part, we examine short time working compensated in four dimensions : historical dimension, legal dimension, international comparison dimension (Germany, Italy and United-Kingdom) and statistic dimension. With the second part, we mobilize different models of the economic theory in the way to understand the rules and institutions of short time working compensated. The analysis of these models gives us different instrument to built our own interpretation of the short-time worked compensated firms utilization with the regard of the question of the alternative between working time and employment management. The third part shows the logics and the factors which determine the different utilizations of short time worked compensated. Based on empirics inquiries in the firms, our research gives a typlogy of different types of firms which utilize short-time compensated scheme
La, Valle Natalia. "L’organisation temporelle des activités dans l’espace domestique : interactions, matérialité, technologies". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20035/document.
Texto completoAlthough interest in the domestic sphere is a challenge for research as well as for design and for the industry, empirical data remain scarce. Within a praxeological and interactional perspective, this thesis contributes to filling this gap. It identifies specific resources of the everyday life organisation in two French homes. Through the analysis of interviews, and especially through the analysis of audio-video data, this thesis sheds light on the importance of the interactional work that members are deploying every day in their homes to order and make their activities accountable to each other. This work is based on multiple practices (such as verbalisation of actions, announcements, solicitations, directives, etc.) and resources that mark and set the time sequences of activities and open negotiation between adults and children. Besides the conversational time givers, body and artefactual material time givers are also massively mobilised. Thus, the coordination and organisation of activities is not a simple matter of time management, since they rely on a constant practical orientation anchored in specific material and care environments. From the perspective of technological design, the family members’ socialisation within a certain time and domestic normality is a central phenomenon. Sophistication or the multiplication of technical elements is not enough (and can represent a problem) with regard to the development of innovative systems for homes. Using notions of distributed temporality and interactional time givers seems to be an appropriate trial to study home and family activities
Gilbert, Lucie. "Analyse dynamique des transitions des jeunes sur le marché du travail". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0005/MQ44730.pdf.
Texto completoKhanh, Kim. "Analyse conversationnelle contrastive : ajustements réciproques en réunion de travail franco-vietnamienne". Grenoble 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE39024.
Texto completoMouton, Jean-Claude. "Le conseil pédagogique : analyse du travail et développement de l'expérience professionnelle". Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX10058.
Texto completoLimon, Emeline. "Une Analyse du Dualisme Contractuel sur le Marché du Travail Français". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CERG0859/document.
Texto completoThis thesis study the dualism existing on the French labor market. Especially, I study job and worker flows and the role played by temporary contracts in those flows. The employment protection legislation is stringent in France then firms are subject to important rules when they adjust their workforce. However, it seems that the employment legislation governing the use of temporary contracts is not so binding in practice since this type of contract is widely used and that their duration is more and more shorter. In order to have a better knowledge of the French labor market and of the dualism, this thesis is divided in three chapters. The first one quantifies job and worker flows over the 1998-2012 period and explores the possible impact of the 2008 crisis on those flows taking into account industry characteristics. In addition, I study the evolution of contracts' duration and I propose an econometric analysis that highlight the determinants of temporary hirings.The second chapter quantifies transitions existing on the French labor market and their impact on unemployment volatility. I use a three-state (employed, unemployed, inactive) and a four-state model (permanently employed, temporary employed, unemployed, inactive). This latest model has never been studied for the French case yet.Finally, the last chapter analyzes the consequences of the implementation of a tax on short-term contracts that is supposed to encorage firms to hire with permanent contracts and increase the duration of contracts. This kind of reform has been in several european countries. In France, this tax was implemented by the Interprofessional agreement in july 2013. A search and matching model is estimated on French data from UNEDIC using the model proposed by Caguc, Charlot and Malherbet (2016)
Sanséau, Pierre-Yves. "Aménagement-réduction du temps de travail et conditions de vie au travail et hors travail : analyse de l'introduction des horaires élargis de travail dans les services commerciaux chez France Telecom". Lyon 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO33022.
Texto completoHagneré, Cyrille. "Les minima sociaux en France : analyse économique d'une réforme". Cergy-Pontoise, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CERGA001.
Texto completoDuring the depressive phase that the European economy has known in the first half of the 1990's, the stress laid on minimum benefits as a net of security was the object of a wide social consensus. Today, the question to know if these same minimum benefits do not constitute a large-scale brake on the return to employment of this fringe of the population worries the analysts. Using original instruments, we suggest in this thesis to evaluate the impact, incentive as much redistributive, that could have a reform which consists in reducing the implicit marginal tax rates on labor income faced by the French working poor. With this intention, we develop a microsimulation model whose originality lies in the taking into account of the temporal specificity of the fiscal system. To estimate the redistributive effects, we build a modified version of the dominance sequential criteria. This new criterion allows to conclude that the reform has a normative interest whereas the usual criteria lead to a much more vague diagnosis. With regard to the incentive aspect, we study the consequences that could have the reform on the individual labour supply, using a model which combines econometrics and microsimulation. The results reveal that the financial incentives play indeed a significant role in the return to employment. However, and even in the case of very advantageous scenarios, the number of individuals who would be brought back to the labour force remains modest. Moreover, the reform would encourage a considerable share of the individuals working before reform to reduce their labour supply
Isabelle, Maripier. "Conciliation travail-études : Un phénomène épidémique? Analyse de l'impact du conformisme social dans les décisions de travail des adolescents". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29426/29426.pdf.
Texto completoPignault, Anne. "Contexte de travail et analyse de l'expérience : conception d'une méthode d'aide à l'analyse de l'expérience en contexte". Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100201.
Texto completoIn the past few years, the themes of integration or reintegration, employability, career path have dominated the area of work and employment. The difficulties on the labour market, the emergence of employment without job security, and the demand for ever more adaptable workers, have led us to think differently about the work situation and to ask questions about the factors relevant to transfer of work experience. A significant number of studies in different areas of psychology have demonstrated the specific, contextualized nature of occupational activity. However, the notion of work context, while abundantly present in the literature, is still generally absent from practical work in the area of integration and guidance. The present study defends the idea that analyzing and taking account of the work context can improve the effectiveness of measures taken to assist career development. This work includes three stages: establish a typology of characteristics of context in different jobs of three sectors of activity conceive a method for describing work experience, integrating an awareness of the context into the analysis of work experience; use the method and follow-up 137 workers and 22 advisers in counselling centers. The data collected in this study demonstrate the impact of context in occupational activity and the importance of taking it into account in career development. The data already collected in this study demonstrate the impact of context on occupational activity and the value of taking it into account in the development of career paths. This study also approach the notion of subjective context. It raises differences in individual perception of work context and provides elements of explanation about this phenomenon
Decrossas, Magali. "Le travail des enfants, un phénomène lié au développement : une analyse économique". Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010057.
Texto completoTripier, Fabien. "Croissance et imperfections du marché du travail : les apports d'une analyse intégrée". Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100174.
Texto completoBen, Ayed-Mouelhi Rim. "Les comportements de demande de travail d'entrepreneurs tunisiens : analyse théorique et empirique". Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOE011.
Texto completoThe main object of the thesis is to apprehend the most important determinants of labour demand drawn from a tunisian panel data. In this respect, we have undertaken an empirical observation of the Tunisian industrial sector. Then, we have identified the main constraints operating on the producers, namely the output constraint and the capital constraint, and pointed out to the way these constraints determine the policy of labour demand. The choice of labour input was formulated as a classical problem of decision taking in which the firm aims a maximization of profit under technical as well as market constraints. This led us to make out different specifications of labour demand according to the contraints that interfer in decision taking. At the application level we have used a sample of tunisian industrial firms drawn from the annual survey of industrial activities. The preliminary results obtained led to a partial understending of the determinants of labour demand and gave rise to many incoherences, hense the need to revise the basic theoretical hypothesis. The laxity of these hypothesis paved the way for other specifications whose estimation led to results that clarified and sometimes confirmed the previous ones. The method of estimation used all along this work are those adapted to an error compound model
Gelibter, Francis. "Analyse socio-économique des formes collectives (brigades) de travail dans l'industrie soviétique". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375942059.
Texto completoSassi, Narjes. "Burnout et agressivité au travail : une analyse longitudinale auprès de personnels soignants". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU10052.
Texto completoBurnout becomes a major concern at work appealing managers’ and researchers’ attention to its causes and consequences. In particular, burnout may act as a trigger of employees’ workplace aggressive behaviors towards individuals and organizations. Despite its relevance, little is known about the interplay between burnout and workplace aggressive behaviors. This doctoral dissertation aims to fill this gap by examining the dynamic processes relating burnout to aggression at work. Drawing upon the conservation of resources theory of stress (Hobfoll, 1989) and emotional-based theories of workplace aggression (Fox & Spector, 1999), we develop and test an integrative model including organizational and individual variables. A 3-wave longitudinal field study is conducted with a sample of nursing staff. Results highlight the mediating role of emotional exhaustion between relevant stressors (quantitative workload, role ambiguity and interpersonal conflicts) and aggressive behaviors towards patients and the organization. Little support is found for the buffering effects of social resources between stressors and burnout; whereas the fear of punishment exerts an inhibiting effect on aggressive behaviors. Theoretical contributions, managerial implications and avenues for future research are discussed
Poirel, Maylis. "Produire les usagers : analyse du travail quotidien des professionnels de la mobilité". Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1046/document.
Texto completoIt is now essential for professionals in charge of the mobility services production to take into account their users. However, most of the time they work in the absence of users : in the case of classic services, the users are inaccessible, and in the case of emerging collaborative services such as carpooling, they don't exist yet. Professionals then use various devices, such as surveys, consultation, claims processing, communication, or information system, in order to represent the users in the different dimensions of the mobility services production. This thesis research relies on interactionist, sociotechnical and commmunication approaches in order to give a global understanding of the production of these various devices generally taken separately. The main argument is that the professionals build a fiction in which the users become characters: they go back and forth between staging interactions with the users and reflecting on them through storytelling.This research relies on a qualitative study with two mobility services producers in the Parisian region based on participant observation of work situations and semi-structured interviews with professionals. The first one is the regional Public Transport Authority in charge of the design and the operation of the regional public transport services. The second one is a short distance carpooling start-up launching an experiment in partnership with local authorities in the outer suburbs of the metropolitan area
Meunier, Jean-Louis. "Analyse d'un travail thérapeutique auprès d'une jeune mère schizophrène en période périnatale". Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11020.
Texto completoRoyannez, Gil-ian. "Le marché de la formation continue : une analyse de la relation signalisation-capital humain". Toulon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUL2002.
Texto completoAt each period of his life, the man learns and evolves. The formation continues is the share of this training which takes place during the active life. We seek to know at which point the two great theories o fthe market of the formation - theory of the signal and theory of the human capital - are complementary,. And allow to explain the mechanisms of this market. In our first part we see that there is an infinity of solutions of balance to the determination of the optimal level of investment in formation, according to characteristics' of the companies and the workers. And according to their environment. In thc second part, the analysis of the differences in outpul which can exist between "général" training and "spécifie" training show us that the two investments are complementary. The imperfection of the market makes it possible the company to invest in two cases. Our third part relates to the impact of the continuous training on continuing education The initial formation bas a strong impact, by giving access quickly to a formative environment. The more the formation intervenes in a repeated way, the more it bas a notable positive effect. The function of development consumer loyalty and selection ofthe workers is done over ail the duration of the course. With final, we see that the formation increases simultaneously the level of human capital and ils visibity, allowing the company "to classify" his workers, aod to pair them as well as possible. The companies invest in formation lo attract and preserve the employees most suited, while counting on the profits that the acquisition of human capital nol observed by the market allows
Denis-Jeanroy, Hélène. "La dynamique organisation-environnement : une analyse stratégique". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987IEPP0008.
Texto completoThere is phenomena of interpermeability between an organization and its environment in order to understand this dynamics, the strategical analysis allows us to understand the power play which grows between actors in the organization and in the environment and which tends to maintain the organization identity when the environmental turbulence develops itself into uncertainty. The effect of the latter on the organization depends in fact on the interpretation of this turbulence by the different organizational actors. The first part defines the theoritical framework and explains the different research methodologies serving as basic material for the thesis. The second part deals with the environmental dynamics while the third part is concerned with the organizational dynamics: the choice of reactive or proactive strategies are in interaction with the power games inside the organization and outside, with its environment. The fourth part deals with certain reactive strategies, whose importance comes from their role as integrating devices: these are first, organizational design, second, organizational culture and third, technology. The relationship between these is best illustrated by the movement called "industrial democracy", of which one form is the "module", defined as a democratic culture, an open design and a sophisticated technology. Finally the problem of power and of mastering the environmental uncertainty is discussed, as well as the fundamental question of the conditions of the interpermeability between an organization and its environment
Denis, Hélène. "La Dynamique organisation-environnement une analyse stratégique /". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604455q.
Texto completoPascal, Anne. "Le comportement d'activité des femmes en Russie au moment de la transition : analyse économique et étude économétrique". Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010025.
Texto completoGuiraud, Florence. "Étude de l’espace interlinguistique chez les apprenants du français en contexte scolaire : aspects socio-interactionnistes, dialogiques et polyphoniques". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30009.
Texto completoOur research derives from the presence of recurrent language phenomena ob-served in the oral production of young learners of French as a second language in school.The linguistic, syntactic and semantic structure of their language productions seemed to be marked by features of enunciative heterogeneity that affected these utterances in their materiality. On initial examination, these phenomena which seem to free themselves from the speakers’ first languages, might point to a deviation or failure with regard to the formal properties of the target language. However, we chose to consider them as manifestations of a discursive behavior, expressing a gen-eral attitude on the part of the speaker-learner towards his or her social environment.Our corpus consists of recordings or transcriptions of oral productions. In this study we aim to understand and interpret these phenomena. For this purpose we set up a theoretical framework which seemed to shed light on our questions and provide some possible answers. We established a connection between the concepts of dialo-gism, polyphony, socio-discursive interactionism and the analysis of these discursive forms belonging to the field of acquisition. On the basis of these concepts, we at-tempted to highlight the dynamic and decisive role of the social and linguistic context in second language developing.Key wordsDialogism-Socio-discursive interactionism- French as a second language-Interlinguistic space- NAM (Newly Arrived Migrants)
Evaldre-Espagno, Magali. "Problèmes d'aptitude au poste de travail : aspects théoriques et étude de dossiers". Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR23033.
Texto completoBailly, Adrien. "De la consommation collaborative à l’économie de plateformes : étude des transactions entre particuliers dans l’espace socio-numérique". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0220.
Texto completoThe last decade has been marked by the emergence of numerous economic models associated with the notion of collaborative consumption. These consumption contexts need consumers to conduct new activities. This research aims to provide a theoretical understanding of these emerging practices. The notion of collaborative consumption itself is an important part of the phenomenon that we try to understand but doesn’t help us to circumscribe the object of this research. Indeed, the definitions proposed by researchers and by consumers do not allow to identify the specificity of collaborative practices. In this context, we choose to define the research object from a spatial point of view. The massive diffusion of digital technologies makes it possible to link spaces which were previously separate. It allows to carry out transactions that mix elements which traditionally belonged to the economic sphere or to the domestic sphere. This research is therefore limited to these transactions initiated online, i.e. those specific to a platform economy. A theory of science inspired by the pragmatist tradition and a mainly ethnographic methodological apparatus were used to study these transactions. Our study of the website www.leboncoin.fr allows us to identify how this platform fosters the acquisition of market skills without managing to solve the social exclusion inherent to this intermediation model. Our study of private renting initiated online allows us to explore the relationships between users and platforms induced by a more bureaucratic intermediation model. We also show the professionalization of practices. This work allows us to conclude that collaborative consumption is above all a set of narratives that accompany and legitimize platform capitalism and that intermediation relationships cannot be understood without taking into account the way in which consumers perform them and try to transform them
Lapthorn, Barbara. "Analyse conceptuelle et méthodologique de l'incertitude perçue dans le travail et sa gestion". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209621.
Texto completoDoctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Lestrade, Brigitte. "Le travail intérimaire en République Fédérale d’Allemagne de 1967 à 1982 : analyse d'un échec programmé". Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100016.
Texto completoThe objective of this thesis is to study the development in Germany of temporary work, the main characteristic of which is the triangular relationship existing between three actors, the temporary work agency, the temporary worker and the user firms. Its starting point is the fact that temporary work in Germany between 1967 and 1982 never reached the numbers that exist in other industrialized countries where it is allowed. In order to analyze this phenomenon, all the factors of German society apt to shape the environment of temporary work have been the object of study in this work. The analysis of the influence of all these factors shows that the Germans have a peculiar attitude towards paid work. The left of center government, being in no position to forbid temporary work, applied itself with the active help of the DGB trade union to create a legal framework which made it very hard for temporary work agencies to function legally. The German law on temporary work requires the agencies to be the only employer of its temporary workers whom they have to recruit in principle on the basis of unlimited work contracts. Although this denial of the short-lived character of temporary work and the obliteration of the duties pertaining to the employer of the user firms are conducive to problems, it has been found that this situation mirrors a global consent in Germany towards precarious workforms. It is illustrated by the attitude of the right-of-center government which, when it came to power in 1982, hardly touched the legal framework of temporary work and that of German employers who don't