Tesis sobre el tema "Analyse de données réseaux"
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Demartines, Pierre. "Analyse de données par réseaux de neurones auto-organisés". Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0129.
Texto completoChautard, Émilie. "Construction et analyse de réseaux d’interactions extracellulaires". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10161.
Texto completoThe extracellular matrix is composed of a tridimensional network of proteins and complex polysaccharides called glycosaminoglycans. It provides a structural support to tissues and modulates cell proliferation, migration and differenciation. We have created a database of protein-protein and proteinglycosaminoglycan extracellular interactions, MatrixDB (http://matrixdb.ibcp.fr). We have integrated experimental data, data issued of the literature curation and data from interaction databases publicly available. We have respected the curation and exchange standards of the IMEx consortium that includes MatrixDB. MatrixDB allows the construction and the visualization of the entire extracellular network and other types of interaction networks specific of a molecule, a tissue, a disease or a biological process. We have characterized the aging-related extracellular interaction network and underlined the important role of glycosaminoglycans and calcium in this network. We have constructed the interaction network of an antitumoral and anti-angiogenic matricryptin, endostatin, issued from collagen XVIII. Functional and structural analysis of their network showed that partners of endostatin are mostly involved in cell adhesion and that EGF domains are overrepresented. This has allowed us to to identify experimentally other partners of endostatin possessing one or more EGF domains and to propose new functions of endostatin. We have modelled complexes formed by endostatin with two of its partners to identify the binding sites.These predictions, associated with experimental data, allowed us to determine interactions able to be established simultaneously by endostatin. Integration of these data and of kinetics and affinity parameters in the interaction network of endostatin will be used to build a model of its mechanism of action that is not fully elucidated
Cougoul, Arnaud. "Analyse statistique de réseaux d'associations entre espèces microbiennes à partir de données métagénomiques". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC103.
Texto completoHigh throughput sequencing reveals a new ecology of microorganisms. They are everywhere and their functions are essential for their host ecosystems, organisms or environments. Metagenomics makes it possible to estimate the composition and abundance of microbial species from a set of samples of the same type of microbial communities. In the studies that seek to understand the diversity and structure of such communities, network approaches can identify statistical associations between microbes, assuming that these statistical associations reflect biological interactions. In this context, the subject of my thesis was to better understand the potential of network approaches in the detection of associations between OTUs within metagenomic data and to develop the necessary tools to improve the analysis of datasets. As a first step, I studied the practices and analysis tools that can be used to infer association networks within metagenomes. Given the properties of metagenomic data, I determined their effectiveness and their limits. This work allowed me to identify ways to improve the study of microbial associations. Based on the accumulated knowledge, I developed an association analysis package between OTUs (named MAGMA) to infer relevant associations within metagenomes. MAGMA takes into account the specificities of metagenomic data and offers the possibility to take into account the effect of a structuring factor on the distribution of OTUs before looking for associations between microbes. Through participations in different metagenomics projects, I confirmed the relevance of the tool developed and identified ways of improving the current biological issues
Jourdan, Fabien. "Visualisation d'information : dessin, indices structuraux et navigation : Applications aux réseaux biologiques et aux réseaux sociaux". Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20205.
Texto completoCharbey, Raphaël. "Sociabilités en ligne, usages et réseaux". Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENST0049/document.
Texto completoWith the digital advent, it is now possible for researchers to collect important amounts of data and online social network platforms are surely part of it. Sociologists, among others, seized those new resources to investigate over interaction modalities between individuals as well as their impact on the structure of sociability. Following this lead, this thesis work aims at analyzing a large number of Facebook accounts, through data analysis and graph theory classical tools, and to bring methodological contributions. Two main factors encourage to study Facebook social activities. On one hand, the importance of time spent on this platform by many Internet users justifies by itself the sociologists interest. On the other, and contrarily to what we observe on other social network websites, ties between individuals are similar to the ones that appear offline. First, the thesis proposes to detangle the multiple meanings that are behind the fact of ”being on Facebook”. The uses of our surveyed are not compacted in fantasized normative practices but vary depending on how they appropriate the different composers of the platform tools. These uses, as we will see it, do not concern all the socioprofessional categories in the same way and they also influence how the respondents interact with their online friends. The manuscript also explores these interactions, as well as the lover role into the relational structure. Second part of the thesis builds a typology of these relational structures. They are said as egocentred, which means that they are taken from the perspective of the respondent. This typology of social networks is based on their graphlet counts, that are the number of times each type of subnetwork appear in them. This approach offers a meso perspective (between micro and macro), that is propitious to underline some new social phenomena. With a high pluri-disciplinary potential, the graphlet methodology is also discussed and explored itself
Kamal-Idrissi, Assia. "Optimisation des réseaux aériens : analyse et sélection de nouveaux marchés". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03177526.
Texto completoIn the airline industry, problems are various and complicated. Solving these problems aims at reducing costs and maximizing revenues. Revenues can be increased while improving the quality of service. For example, one way is to catch new passengers on existing flight connections or on new markets. The selection of new markets consists in determining network structure to operate, and to estimate passengers flow, their choice of itineraries as well as incomes and costs incurred by these decisions. Our research is about improving market planner engine. Milanamos develops an application for the analysis and simulation of markets intended for air-ports and airlines. It offers its customers a decision-making tool to analyze historical data andto simulate markets in order to find an economic opportunity. This project takes place earlierin the decision process. Thanks to a thorough data analysis, the air transport network could be modelized as a time-independent graph and stored in the Neo4j graph database. We then defined the Flight Radius problem which resolution allows to determine a sub-network centered around a flight for which market shares of the flight are meaningful. Several methods have beenproposed based on queries or on shortest path algorithms combined with acceleration and parallelism techniques. Our algorithms identify some new markets for a flight. Combining graph theory with databases offers new opportunities for analyzing and studying large networks
Charbey, Raphaël. "Sociabilités en ligne, usages et réseaux". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENST0049.
Texto completoWith the digital advent, it is now possible for researchers to collect important amounts of data and online social network platforms are surely part of it. Sociologists, among others, seized those new resources to investigate over interaction modalities between individuals as well as their impact on the structure of sociability. Following this lead, this thesis work aims at analyzing a large number of Facebook accounts, through data analysis and graph theory classical tools, and to bring methodological contributions. Two main factors encourage to study Facebook social activities. On one hand, the importance of time spent on this platform by many Internet users justifies by itself the sociologists interest. On the other, and contrarily to what we observe on other social network websites, ties between individuals are similar to the ones that appear offline. First, the thesis proposes to detangle the multiple meanings that are behind the fact of ”being on Facebook”. The uses of our surveyed are not compacted in fantasized normative practices but vary depending on how they appropriate the different composers of the platform tools. These uses, as we will see it, do not concern all the socioprofessional categories in the same way and they also influence how the respondents interact with their online friends. The manuscript also explores these interactions, as well as the lover role into the relational structure. Second part of the thesis builds a typology of these relational structures. They are said as egocentred, which means that they are taken from the perspective of the respondent. This typology of social networks is based on their graphlet counts, that are the number of times each type of subnetwork appear in them. This approach offers a meso perspective (between micro and macro), that is propitious to underline some new social phenomena. With a high pluri-disciplinary potential, the graphlet methodology is also discussed and explored itself
Payet, Lucille. "Remodelage de réseaux d'échangeurs de chaleur : collecte de données avancée, diagnostic énergétique et flexibilité". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0149/document.
Texto completoIn a context of numerical and energy transition, the Factory of the Future is meant to be moreenergy efficient but also smarter and agile through the use of flexible and reconfigurableproduction means. Enabling existing processes to achieve those properties is a difficult challengewhich often induces a reorganization of the units. In this context, RREFlex methodology wasdeveloped to provide several alternatives heat integration solutions both viable, robust andadaptable through the retrofitting of existing heat exchanger networks. Unlike grass-root design,which consists in designing both the process and the heat exchanger network at the same time(and thus, allowing many possibilities), retrofitting existing units can be a lot more complex.Indeed, as part of a continuous improvement process of the production, the plants have oftenalready undergone transformations during their life to cope with changes in demand or newenvironmental constraints. Currently, numerous energy recovery analysis are performed onindustrial sites but do not necessarily involves concrete industrial measures. The main reasons forthe lack of results are mainly financial but also practical. The provided solutions are often nonrealistic in terms of operability because of the lack of accounting for the variability of the process,whether due to external disturbances on temperatures and flowrates or due to multiple operatingconditions (many production campaigns, evolution in process load, etc.). Moreover, thosesolutions also do not take on-site constraints into account (units topology, process streamscompatibility, safety, etc.), as it is difficult to apprehend such constraints. The RREFlex module(Robust software tool for the synthesis of Flexible Heat Exchanger Networks), was developed toassess these issues. Based on a statistical analysis of historical data extracted from on-sitemeasurements, a first module - EDiFy : Enhanced Data collection for Flexibility analysis – enablesthe location and characterization of the multiple steady state regimes. The mean value andvariance of operating conditions characterizing the process (e.g. temperature, heat flow) areestimated for each steady state. As this data set is usually incomplete, it is necessary to use asimulation model of the process to complete and validate the consistency of the measurements ofeach identified steady state.Based upon those data, an energy diagnosis step enables the assessment of each existing heatexchanger liability. This analysis results in the identification and classification of several promisingretrofitting scenarios. Each one is defined by a list of heat exchangers to reconsider and severalconfiguration parameters.Each selected scenario is then used to design the corresponding optimal heat exchanger network.The latter step, which is based on a multi-period mixed linear programming model, aims at thedesign of a new heat exchanger network topology. In this context, the model includes not only thepossibility to add new heat exchangers but also to shift the preserved heat exchangers for a givenscenario, as long as the original pair of streams is kept. The resulting heat exchanger networksare thus adaptable to every operating conditions identified in the first step of the methodology butalso reconfigurable through the use of by-passes. The performances of the resulting networks areevaluated and classified using key performance indicators, especially the robustness which iscrucial to account for the process variability.The approach was validated on two industrial scale case studies: a MVC production process and arefinery heating train
Fournel, Arnaud. "Classification automatique de données IRMf : application à l'étude des réseaux de l'émotion". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20066.
Texto completoIn the last fifteen years, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have been used to extract information about cognitive processes location. The information contained in fMRI acquisitions is usually extracted using the general linear model coupled to the statistical inference process. Although this classical method has validated noninvasively most of the lesional models, it suffers from some limitations. To solve this problem, various analysis techniques have emerged and propose a new way of interpreting neuroimaging data. In this thesis, we present two multivariate methods to analyze fMRI data with the least possible a priori. In parallel, we are trying to extract information about brain emotion processing. The first method focuses on the brain functional specialization and the second method on the brain functional connectivity. After results presentation, each method is compared to the so-called classical analysis in terms of extracted information. In addition, emphasis was put on the concept of emotional valence. We try to establish the existence of a possible split between positive and negative valence networks. The consistency of the network is evaluated across both perceptual modalities and stimuli categories. Each of the proposed methods are as accurate as the conventional method and provide new highlights on the studied processes. From the perspective of emotions, our work highlights a shared brain network for positive and negative valences and a consistency of this information in some brain regions across both perceptual modalities and stimuli categories
Karkar, Slim Ismael. "Parcellisation et analyse multi-niveaux de données : Application à l’étude des réseaux de connectivité cérébrale". Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/KARKAR_Slim_Ismael_2011.pdf.
Texto completoOver the last decade, functional MRI has emerged as a widely used tool for mapping functions of the brain. More recently, it has been used for identifying networks of cerebral connectivity that represent the interactions between different brain areas. In this context, a recent strategy is based on a preliminary parcellation of the brain into functional regions, and then identifying functional networks from a measurement of interactions between each area. The first part of this thesis describes a novel approach for parcellation that produces regions that are homogeneous at several levels. These regions are shown to be consistent with the anatomical landmarks of the processed subjects. In the second part, we propose a new family of statistics to identify significant networks of functional connectivity. This approach enables the detection of small, strongly-connected networks as well as larger networks that involve weaker interactions. Finally, within a classification framework, we developed a group-level study, producing networks that synthesize characteristics of functional networks across the population under study
Khelil, Yassine. "Analyse des données en vue du diagnostic des moteurs Diesel de grande puissance". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4315.
Texto completoThis thesis is carried out within an industrial framework (BMCI) which aims to enhance the availability of equipments on board ships. In this work, a data-based method for fault detection is combined with a knowledge-based method for fault isolation. The presented approach is generic and characterized by the ability to be applied to all the Diesel engine subsystems, to different kind of Diesel engines and can also be extended to other equipments. Moreover, this approach is tolerant regarding differences in instrumentation. This approach is tested upon the detection and isolation of the most hazardous and frequent faults which subject Diesel engines. This approach intends to make diagnosis upon the entire Diesel engine including all the subsystems and the existing interactions between the subsystems. The proposed approach is tested upon a test bench and upon the Diesel engines of the DCNS military vessel textquotedblleft Adroit". Most of the introduced faults on the test bench and the appeared faults on the Adroit engines have been successfully detected and isolated. In addition, to deal with uncertainties and fuzziness of the causal relationships given by maintenance experts, a model is developed. This model aims to validate these causal relationships used in the isolation part of the diagnosis approach
Zreik, Rawya. "Analyse statistique des réseaux et applications aux sciences humaines". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E061/document.
Texto completoOver the last two decades, network structure analysis has experienced rapid growth with its construction and its intervention in many fields, such as: communication networks, financial transaction networks, gene regulatory networks, disease transmission networks, mobile telephone networks. Social networks are now commonly used to represent the interactions between groups of people; for instance, ourselves, our professional colleagues, our friends and family, are often part of online networks, such as Facebook, Twitter, email. In a network, many factors can exert influence or make analyses easier to understand. Among these, we find two important ones: the time factor, and the network context. The former involves the evolution of connections between nodes over time. The network context can then be characterized by different types of information such as text messages (email, tweets, Facebook, posts, etc.) exchanged between nodes, categorical information on the nodes (age, gender, hobbies, status, etc.), interaction frequencies (e.g., number of emails sent or comments posted), and so on. Taking into consideration these factors can lead to the capture of increasingly complex and hidden information from the data. The aim of this thesis is to define new models for graphs which take into consideration the two factors mentioned above, in order to develop the analysis of network structure and allow extraction of the hidden information from the data. These models aim at clustering the vertices of a network depending on their connection profiles and network structures, which are either static or dynamically evolving. The starting point of this work is the stochastic block model, or SBM. This is a mixture model for graphs which was originally developed in social sciences. It assumes that the vertices of a network are spread over different classes, so that the probability of an edge between two vertices only depends on the classes they belong to
Fromantin, Jonathan. "Modélisation hybride temporelle et analyse par contraintes des réseaux de régulation biologiques". Ecole Centrale de Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECDN0009.
Texto completoKarkar, Slim. "Parcellisation et analyse multi-niveaux de données IRM fonctionnelles. Application à l'étude des réseaux de connectivité cérébrale". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00652609.
Texto completoBlum, Anne Yuna. "Analyse génétique d’un caractère complexe à l’aide de données transcriptomiquesPport de la modèlisation de réseaux de gènes". Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NSARB228.
Texto completoFor the past ten years, many projects on functional genomics have been developed with the aim of better understanding complex traits of socio-economical interest in order to better control them. These traits are called complex traits because they are controlled by multiple factors : genetics food, health stutus… One strategy commonly used to analyze such traits involves localizing QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci), i. E. Chromosomic regions controlling their variability. In parallel to this work, new technologies (microarrays) have emerged, which allow the high throughput measurement of gene expression through the quantification of transcripts (transcriptomic data). Genetical genomic approaches combining functional genomic methods and QTL mapping have been developed with the aim of facilitating the identification of causal mutations underlying detected QTL. In this new context, an original aspect of my thesis is to take into account the heterogeneity existing in transcriptomic data and due to know or unkno
Hatoum, Abbas Antoun. "Gestion de ressources et d'interférences dans les réseaux femtocell ofdma". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066093.
Texto completoRecently, operators have resorted to femtocell networks in order to enhance indoor coverage, network capacity and quality of service since macro-antennas alone fail to reach these objectives. Nevertheless, they are confronted to many challenges. To successfully deploy such solution, efficient resource allocation algorithms and interference mitigation techniques should be deployed. In this thesis, we address the issue of resources allocation in femtocell networks using OFDMA technology (e. G. , WiMAX, LTE). Specifically, we first propose a hybrid centralized/distributed resource allocation strategy for split spectrum namely Femtocell Cluster-based Resource Allocation (FCRA). Firstly, FCRA builds disjoint femtocell clusters. Then, within a cluster the optimal resource allocation for each femtocell is performed by its clusterhead. Finally, the contingent collisions among different clusters are fixed. To achieve this, we formulate the problem mathematically as Min-Max optimization problem. Then, a co-channel resource allocation algorithm (CO-FCRA) introduces spectrum sharing between femto and macro users. Spectrum sensing approaches are used to detect existing neighboring transmissions in the uplink and estimates resources used in the downlink to allocate resources accordingly. In a second approach, we consider networks with quality of service differentiation among users and propose a new algorithm, namely (Q-FCRA) with both high priority and best effort users. The optimization problem is modified to take into account both user types and allocates resources accordingly. The objective is to maximize the number of accepted high priority users and allocate as much as possible best effort users. As a third contribution, we present a power control algorithm (QP-FCRA), where femto stations allocate both resource blocks and transmission power on the different channels to effectively mitigate interference within the same cluster and increase the spectrum spatial reuse. The transmission power is calculated based on the interference received to satisfy a minimum required SINR threshold. Several existing works have been used for comparison. Different network densities, interference levels, session duration and mobility rates have been considered. Performance evaluation shows the improvement and the outperformance of our algorithms compared to the existing techniques regarding different performance metrics such as the number of accepted and rejected users, the fairness, the throughput satisfaction rate, the spectrum spatial reuse and the convergence and computation time. The scalability of our algorithm compared to the centralized ones is proven as well as the performance compared to the distributed algorithms
Le, Béchec Antony. "Gestion, analyse et intégration des données transcriptomiques". Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S051.
Texto completoAiming at a better understanding of diseases, transcriptomic approaches allow the analysis of several thousands of genes in a single experiment. To date, international standard initiatives have allowed the utilization of large quantity of data generated using transcriptomic approaches by the whole scientific community, and a large number of algorithms are available to process and analyze the data sets. However, the major challenge remaining to tackle is now to provide biological interpretations to these large sets of data. In particular, their integration with additional biological knowledge would certainly lead to an improved understanding of complex biological mechanisms. In my thesis work, I have developed a novel and evolutive environment for the management and analysis of transcriptomic data. Micro@rray Integrated Application (M@IA) allows for management, processing and analysis of large scale expression data sets. In addition, I elaborated a computational method to combine multiple data sources and represent differentially expressed gene networks as interaction graphs. Finally, I used a meta-analysis of gene expression data extracted from the literature to select and combine similar studies associated with the progression of liver cancer. In conclusion, this work provides a novel tool and original analytical methodologies thus contributing to the emerging field of integrative biology and indispensable for a better understanding of complex pathophysiological processes
Aupetit, Michaël. "Approximation de variétés par réseaux de neurones auto-organisés". Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPG0128.
Texto completoStoica, Beck Alina. "Analyse de la structure locale des grands réseaux sociaux". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00987880.
Texto completoPoussevin, Mickael. "Apprentissage de représentation pour des données générées par des utilisateurs". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2015PA066040.pdf.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we study how representation learning methods can be applied to user-generated data. Our contributions cover three different applications but share a common denominator: the extraction of relevant user representations. Our first application is the item recommendation task, where recommender systems build user and item profiles out of past ratings reflecting user preferences and item characteristics. Nowadays, textual information is often together with ratings available and we propose to use it to enrich the profiles extracted from the ratings. Our hope is to extract from the textual content shared opinions and preferences. The models we propose provide another opportunity: predicting the text a user would write on an item. Our second application is sentiment analysis and, in particular, polarity classification. Our idea is that recommender systems can be used for such a task. Recommender systems and traditional polarity classifiers operate on different time scales. We propose two hybridizations of these models: the former has better classification performance, the latter highlights a vocabulary of surprise in the texts of the reviews. The third and final application we consider is urban mobility. It takes place beyond the frontiers of the Internet, in the physical world. Using authentication logs of the subway users, logging the time and station at which users take the subway, we show that it is possible to extract robust temporal profiles
Agnaou, Youssef Joseph. "Analyse statistique de données de croissance humaine : estimation et ajustement paramétriques, non paramétriques, et par réseaux de neurones". Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12404.
Texto completoMostafa, Mahmoud. "Analyse de sécurité et QoS dans les réseaux à contraintes temporelles". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0074/document.
Texto completoQoS and security are two precious objectives for network systems to attain, especially for critical networks with temporal constraints. Unfortunately, they often conflict; while QoS tries to minimize the processing delay, strong security protection requires more processing time and causes traffic delay and QoS degradation. Moreover, real-time systems, QoS and security have often been studied separately and by different communities. In the context of the avionic data network various domains and heterogeneous applications with different levels of criticality cooperate for the mutual exchange of information, often through gateways. It is clear that this information has different levels of sensitivity in terms of security and QoS constraints. Given this context, the major goal of this thesis is then to increase the robustness of the next generation e-enabled avionic data network with respect to security threats and ruptures in traffic characteristics. From this perspective, we surveyed the literature to establish state of the art network security, QoS and applications with time constraints. Then, we studied the next generation e-enabled avionic data network. This allowed us to draw a map of the field, and to understand security threats. Based on this study we identified both security and QoS requirements of the next generation e-enabled avionic data network. In order to satisfy these requirements we proposed the architecture of QoS capable integrated security gateway to protect the next generation e-enabled avionic data network and ensure the availability of critical traffic. To provide for a true integration between the different gateway components we built an integrated session table to store all the needed session information and to speed up the packet processing (firewall stateful inspection, NAT mapping, QoS classification and routing). This necessitates the study of the existing session table structure and the proposition of a new structure to fulfill our objective. Also, we present the necessary processing algorithms to access the new integrated session table. In IPSec VPN component we identified the problem that IPSec ESP encrypted traffic cannot be classified appropriately by QoS edge routers. To overcome this problem, we developed a Q-ESP protocol which allows the classifications of encrypted traffic and combines the security services provided by IPSec ESP and AH. To manage the network traffic wisely, a variety of bandwidth management techniques have been developed. To assess their performance and identify which bandwidth management technique is the most suitable given our context we performed a delay-based comparison using experimental tests. In the final stage, we benchmarked our implemented security gateway against three commercially available software gateways. The goal of this benchmark test is to evaluate performance and identify problems for future research work. This dissertation is divided into two parts: in French and in English respectively. Both parts follow the same structure where the first is an extended summary of the second
Biela, Philippe. "Classification automatique d'observations multidimensionnelles par réseaux de neurones compétitifs". Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-469.pdf.
Texto completoPoussevin, Mickael. "Apprentissage de représentation pour des données générées par des utilisateurs". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066040/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we study how representation learning methods can be applied to user-generated data. Our contributions cover three different applications but share a common denominator: the extraction of relevant user representations. Our first application is the item recommendation task, where recommender systems build user and item profiles out of past ratings reflecting user preferences and item characteristics. Nowadays, textual information is often together with ratings available and we propose to use it to enrich the profiles extracted from the ratings. Our hope is to extract from the textual content shared opinions and preferences. The models we propose provide another opportunity: predicting the text a user would write on an item. Our second application is sentiment analysis and, in particular, polarity classification. Our idea is that recommender systems can be used for such a task. Recommender systems and traditional polarity classifiers operate on different time scales. We propose two hybridizations of these models: the former has better classification performance, the latter highlights a vocabulary of surprise in the texts of the reviews. The third and final application we consider is urban mobility. It takes place beyond the frontiers of the Internet, in the physical world. Using authentication logs of the subway users, logging the time and station at which users take the subway, we show that it is possible to extract robust temporal profiles
Minaburo, Villar Ana Carolina. "Compression des en-têtes sur les réseaux bas-débit". Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10144.
Texto completoMdini, Maha. "Anomaly detection and root cause diagnosis in cellular networks". Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IMTA0144/document.
Texto completoWith the evolution of automation and artificial intelligence tools, mobile networks havebecome more and more machine reliant. Today, a large part of their management tasks runs inan autonomous way, without human intervention. In this thesis, we have focused on takingadvantage of the data analysis tools to automate the troubleshooting task and carry it to a deeperlevel. To do so, we have defined two main objectives: anomaly detection and root causediagnosis. The first objective is about detecting issues in the network automatically withoutincluding expert knowledge. To meet this objective, we have proposed an algorithm, WatchmenAnomaly Detection (WAD), based on pattern recognition. It learns patterns from periodic timeseries and detect distortions in the flow of new data. The second objective aims at identifying theroot cause of issues without any prior knowledge about the network topology and services. Toaddress this question, we have designed an algorithm, Automatic Root Cause Diagnosis (ARCD)that identifies the roots of network issues. ARCD is composed of two independent threads: MajorContributor identification and Incompatibility detection. WAD and ARCD have been proven to beeffective. However, many improvements of these algorithms are possible
Gilbert, Frédéric. "Méthodes et modèles pour la visualisation de grandes masses de données multidimensionnelles nominatives dynamiques". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14498/document.
Texto completoSince ten years, informations visualization domain knows a real interest.Recently, with the growing of communications, the research on social networks analysis becomes strongly active. In this thesis, we present results on dynamic social networks analysis. That means that we take into account the temporal aspect of data. We were particularly interested in communities extraction within networks and their evolutions through time. [...]
Perez, Charles. "Approche comportementale pour la sécurisation des utilisateurs de réseaux sociaux numériques mobiles". Thesis, Troyes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TROY0019/document.
Texto completoOur society is facing many changes in the way it communicates. The emergence of mobile terminals alongside digital social networks allows information to be shared from almost anywhere with the option of all parties being connected simultaneously. The growing use of smartphones and digital social networks in a professional context presents an opportunity, but it also exposes businesses and users to many threats, such as leakage of sensitive information, spamming, illegal access to personal data, etc.Although a significant increase in malicious activities on social platforms can be observed, currently there is no solution that ensures a completely controlled usage of digital social networks. This work aims to make a major contribution in this area through the implementation of a methodology (SPOTLIGHT) that not only uses the behaviour of profiles for evaluation purposes, but also to protect the user. This methodology relies on the assumption that smartphones, which are closely related to their owners, store and memorise traces of activity (interactions) that can be used to better protect the user online.This approach is implemented in a mobile prototype called SPOTLIGHT 1.0, which analyses traces stored in users’ smartphone to help them make the right decisions to protect their data
Rebecq, Antoine. "Méthodes de sondage pour les données massives". Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100014/document.
Texto completoThis thesis presents three different parts with ties to survey sampling theory. In the first part, we present two original results that led to practical applications in surveys conducted at Insee (French official statistics Institute). The first chapter deals with allocations in stratified sampling. We present a theorem that proves the existence of an optimal compromise between the dispersion of the sampling weights and the allocation yielding optimal precision for a specific variable of interest. Survey data are commonly used to compute estimates for variables that were not included in the survey design. Expected precision is poor, but a low dispersion of the weights limits risks of very high variance for one or several estimates. The second chapter deals with reweighting factors in calibration estimates. We study an algorithm that computes the minimal bounds so that the calibration estimators exist, and propose an efficient way of resolution. We also study the statistical properties of estimates using these minimal bounds. The second part studies asymptotic properties of sampling estimates. Obtaining asymptotic guarantees is often hard in practice. We present an original method that establishes weak convergence for the Horvitz-Thompson empirical process indexed by a class of functions for a lot of sampling algorithms used in practice. In the third and last part, we focus on sampling methods for populations that can be described as networks. They have many applications when the graphs are so big that storing and computing algorithms on them are very costly. Two applications are presented, one using Twitter data, and the other using simulated data to establish guidelines to design efficient sampling designs for graphs
Leblanc, Brice. "Analyse non supervisée de données issues de Systèmes de Transport Intelligent-Coopératif". Thesis, Reims, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REIMS014.
Texto completoThis thesis takes place in the context of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET), and more specifically the context of Cooperative-Intelligent Transport System (C-ITS). These systems are exchanging information to enhance road safety.The purpose of this thesis is to introduce data analysis tools that may provide road operators information on the usage/state of their infrastructures. Therefore, this information may help to improve road safety. We identify two cases we want to deal with: driving profile identification and road obstacle detection.For dealing with those issues, we propose to use unsupervised learning approaches: clustering methods for driving profile identification, and concept drift detection for obstacle detection. This thesis introduces three main contributions: a methodology allowing us to transform raw C-ITS data in, first, trajectory, and then, learning data-set; the use of classical clustering methods and Points Of Interests for driving profiles with experiments on mobile device data and network logs data; and the consideration of a crowd of vehicles providing network log data as data streams and considered as input of concept drift detection algorithms to recognize road obstacles
Hassan, Hassan. "Modélisation et analyse de performances du trafic multimédia dans les réseaux hétérogènes". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00130060.
Texto completoMichaut, Magali. "Analyse de données transcriptome et protéome pour l’étude des réponses aux stress oxydants et aux métaux lourds". Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112178.
Texto completoThis work aims at studying responses to oxidative stress and heavy metals through transcriptomic and proteomic data analysis, in particular in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis. This organism is a prokaryote largely studied which notably enables to improve the understanding of plants and is easy to manipulate genetically. The approach first involved analysing the transcriptional responses of Synechocystis' genes in stress conditions, particularly in the presence of cadmium or hydrogen peroxide. Methods to predict protein-protein interactions were then developed in order to construct an interaction network. This network was compared to an experimental network in terms of structure. It was then complemented with transcriptomic data previously analysed in order to obtain a more integrated view of the different phenomena and to study the dynamics of functional modules. The results show different phases in the transcriptional responses as well as functional groups of interacting and coexpressed proteins. In addition, the automation of a mixed hierarchical-pyramidal classification method is proposed. A method to identify composition biases between groups of proteins was also developed. Furthermore, a protein-protein interaction prediction tool was developed, of use for all sequenced species. This open-source software, InteroPorc, has been made available and has the great advantage of being flexible since it can be applied to different source interactions. Furthermore this tool can be easily run online through a web interface (http://biodev. Extra. Cea. Fr/interoporc/)
Stattner, Erick. "Contributions à l'étude des réseaux sociaux : propagation, fouille, collecte de données". Phd thesis, Université des Antilles-Guyane, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00830882.
Texto completoJaffré, Mikaël. "Migration des oiseaux et changement climatique : analyse des données de migration active en France et en Europe". Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10176.
Texto completoIn recent years, a number of studies have highlighted that the life cycle and behaviour of organisms are changing as a result of global warming. Birds appear to be suitable models to detect these changes because this taxonomic group is particularly well documented, with a large amount of biological datasets available over long periods. Among them, those collected at migration watchsites are particularly valuable to detect long term phenological changes and population trends of migratory birds, but these data have been poorly considered so far. In this thesis, an exhaustive inventory of monitoring watchsites in France is first performed; we then determined the minimum requirements to use such heterogeneous datasets in order to reliably estimate changes in bird phenology and population. We showed that short-distance migrants have lengthened their breeding area residence time and have shortened their migration distances. It suggests that these birds may become resident close to their breeding sites. In addition, we demonstrated that these changes in migratory behaviour do not always occur linearly or gradually, but often abruptly, suddenly, and in a synchronous way (e.g. circa 1995). Such changes are both the cause and the consequence of a dynamical reorganization of ecosystems identified through food webs, indicating a large-scale response of ecosystems to climate change
Bigeard, Elise. "Détection et analyse de la non-adhérence médicamenteuse dans les réseaux sociaux". Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL3H026.
Texto completoDrug non-compliance refers to situations where the patient does not follow instructions from medical authorities when taking medications. Such situations include taking too much (overuse) or too little (underuse) of medications, drinking contraindicated alcohol, or making a suicide attempt using medication. According to [HAYNES 2002] increasing drug compliance may have a bigger impact on public health than any other medical improvements. However non-compliance data are difficult to obtain since non-adherent patients are unlikely to report their behaviour to their healthcare providers. This is why we use data from social media to study drug non-compliance. Our study is applied to French-speaking forums.First we collect a corpus of messages written by users from medical forums. We build vocabularies of medication and disorder names such as used by patients. We use these vocabularies to index medications and disorders in the corpus. Then we use supervised learning and information retrieval methods to detect messages talking about non-compliance. With machine learning, we obtain 0.433 F-mesure, with up to 0.421 precision or 0.610 recall. With information retrieval, we reach 0.8 precision on the first ten results.After that, we study the content of the non-compliance messages. We identify various non-compliance situations and patient's motivations. We identify 3 main motivations: self-medication, seeking an effect besides the effect the medication was prescribed for, or being in addiction or habituation situation. Self-medication is an umbrella for several situations: avoiding an adverse effect, adjusting the medication's effect, underuse a medication seen as useless, taking decisions without a doctor's advice. Non-compliance can also happen thanks to errors or carelessness, without any particular motivation.Our work provides several kinds of result: annotated corpus with non-compliance messages, classifier for the detection of non-compliance messages, typology of non-compliance situations and analysis of the causes of non-compliance
Hulot, Audrey. "Analyses de données omiques : clustering et inférence de réseaux Female ponderal index at birth and idiopathic infertility". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL034.
Texto completoThe development of biological high-throughput technologies (next-generation sequencing and mass spectrometry) have provided researchers with a large amount of data, also known as -omics, that help better understand the biological processes.However, each source of data separately explains only a very small part of a given process. Linking the differents -omics sources between them should help us understand more of these processes.In this manuscript, we will focus on two approaches, clustering and network inference, applied to omics data.The first part of the manuscript presents three methodological developments on this topic. The first two methods are applicable in a situation where the data are heterogeneous.The first method is an algorithm for aggregating trees, in order to create a consensus out of a set of trees. The complexity of the process is sub-quadratic, allowing to use it on data leading to a great number of leaves in the trees. This algorithm is available in an R-package named mergeTrees on the CRAN.The second method deals with the integration data from trees and networks, by transforming these objects into distance matrices using cophenetic and shortest path distances, respectively. This method relies on Multidimensional Scaling and Multiple Factor Analysis and can be also used to build consensus trees or networks.Finally, we use the Gaussian Graphical Models setting and seek to estimate a graph, as well as communities in the graph, from several tables. This method is based on a combination of Stochastic Block Model, Latent Block Model and Graphical Lasso.The second part of the manuscript presents analyses conducted on transcriptomics and metagenomics data to identify targets to gain insight into the predisposition of Ankylosing Spondylitis
Ben, Abdallah Emna. "Étude de la dynamique des réseaux biologiques : apprentissage des modèles, intégration des données temporelles et analyse formelle des propriétés dynamiques". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECDN0041.
Texto completoOver the last few decades, the emergence of a wide range of new technologies has produced a massive amount of biological data (genomics, proteomics...). Thus, a very large amount of time series data is now produced every day. The newly produced data can give us new ideas about the behavior of biological systems. This leads to considerable developments in the field of bioinformatics that could benefit from these enormous data. This justifies the motivation to develop efficient methods for learning Biological Regulatory Networks (BRN) modeling a biological system from its time series data. Then, in order to understand the nature of system functions, we study, in this thesis, the dynamics of their BRN models. Indeed, we focus on developing original and scalable logical methods (implemented in Answer Set Programming) to deciphering the emerging complexity of dynamics of biological systems. The main contributions of this thesis are enumerated in the following. (i) Refining the dynamics of the BRN, modeling with the automata Network (AN) formalism, by integrating a temporal parameter (delay) in the local transitions of the automata. We call the extended formalism a Timed Automata Network (T-AN). This integration allows the parametrization of the transitions between each automata local states as well as between the network global states. (ii) Learning BRNs modeling biological systems from their time series data. (iii) Model checking of discrete dynamical properties of BRN (modeling with AN and T-AN) by dynamical formal analysis : attractors identification (minimal trap domains from which the network cannot escape) and reachability verification of an objective from a network global initial state
Abidi, Karima. "La construction automatique de ressources multilingues à partir des réseaux sociaux : application aux données dialectales du Maghreb". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0274.
Texto completoAutomatic language processing is based on the use of language resources such as corpora, dictionaries, lexicons of sentiments, morpho-syntactic analyzers, taggers, etc. For natural languages, these resources are often available. On the other hand, when it comes to dealing with under-resourced languages, there is often a lack of tools and data. In this thesis, we are interested in some of the vernacular forms of Arabic used in Maghreb. These forms are known as dialects, which can be classified as poorly endowed languages. Except for raw texts, which are generally extracted from social networks, there is not plenty resources allowing to process Arabic dialects. The latter, compared to other under-resourced languages, have several specificities that make them more difficult to process. We can mention, in particular the lack of rules for writing these dialects, which leads the users to write the dialect without following strict rules, so the same word can have several spellings. Words in Arabic dialect can be written using the Arabic script and/or the Latin script (arabizi). For the Arab dialects of the Maghreb, they are particularly impacted by foreign languages such as French and English. In addition to the borrowed words from these languages, another phenomenon must be taken into account in automatic dialect processing. This is the problem known as code- switching. This phenomenon is known in linguistics as diglossia. This gives free rein to the user who can write in several languages in the same sentence. He can start in Arabic dialect and in the middle of the sentence, he can switch to French, English or modern standard Arabic. In addition to this, there are several dialects in the same country and a fortiori several different dialects in the Arab world. It is therefore clear that the classic NLP tools developed for modern standard Arabic cannot be used directly to process dialects. The main objective of this thesis is to propose methods to build automatically resources for Arab dialects in general and more particularly for Maghreb dialects. This represents our contribution to the effort made by the community working on Arabic dialects. We have thus produced methods for building comparable corpora, lexical resources containing the different forms of an input and their polarity. In addition, we developed methods for processing modern standard Arabic on Twitter data and also on transcripts from an automatic speech recognition system operating on Arabic videos extracted from Arab television channels such as Al Jazeera, France24, Euronews, etc. We compared the opinions of automatic transcriptions from different multilingual video sources related to the same subject by developing a method based on linguistic theory called Appraisal
El, Haddadi Anass. "Fouille multidimensionnelle sur les données textuelles visant à extraire les réseaux sociaux et sémantiques pour leur exploitation via la téléphonie mobile". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1378/.
Texto completoCompetition is a fundamental concept of the liberal economy tradition that requires companies to resort to Competitive Intelligence (CI) in order to be advantageously positioned on the market, or simply to survive. Nevertheless, it is well known that it is not the strongest of the organizations that survives, nor the most intelligent, but rather, the one most adaptable to change, the dominant factor in society today. Therefore, companies are required to remain constantly on a wakeful state to watch for any change in order to make appropriate solutions in real time. However, for a successful vigil, we should not be satisfied merely to monitor the opportunities, but before all, to anticipate risks. The external risk factors have never been so many: extremely dynamic and unpredictable markets, new entrants, mergers and acquisitions, sharp price reduction, rapid changes in consumption patterns and values, fragility of brands and their reputation. To face all these challenges, our research consists in proposing a Competitive Intelligence System (CIS) designed to provide online services. Through descriptive and statistics exploratory methods of data, Xplor EveryWhere display, in a very short time, new strategic knowledge such as: the profile of the actors, their reputation, their relationships, their sites of action, their mobility, emerging issues and concepts, terminology, promising fields etc. The need for security in XPlor EveryWhere arises out of the strategic nature of information conveyed with quite a substantial value. Such security should not be considered as an additional option that a CIS can provide just in order to be distinguished from one another. Especially as the leak of this information is not the result of inherent weaknesses in corporate computer systems, but above all it is an organizational issue. With Xplor EveryWhere we completed the reporting service, especially the aspect of mobility. Lastly with this system, it's possible to: View updated information as we have access to our strategic database server in real-time, itself fed daily by watchmen. They can enter information at trade shows, customer visits or after meetings
El, Khoury Hicham. "Une modélisation formelle orientée flux de données pour l'analyse de configuration de sécurité réseau". Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2499/.
Texto completoThe implementation of network security policy requires the configuration of heterogeneous and complex security mechanisms in a given network environment (IPsec gateways, ACLs on routers, stateful firewalls, proxies, etc. ). The complexity of this task resides in the number, the nature, and the interdependence of these mechanisms. Although several researchers have proposed different analysis tools, achieving this task still requires experienced and proficient security administrators who can handle all these parameters. In this thesis, we propose a solution to facilitate the work of network administrators. Indeed, many inconsistencies come from the incompatibility of policy rules and/or incompatible mechanisms implemented in devices through which packets travel. A generic formal theory that allows reasoning about network data flows and security mechanisms is missing. With this end in mind, we develop in this thesis three results: •A formal data-flow oriented model to analyze and detect network security conflicts between different mechanisms playing a role at various ISO levels. We modeled a flow of information by a triplet containing the list of communication protocols (i. E. , encapsulation), the list of authenticated attributes and the list of encrypted attributes, •A generic attribute-based model for network security mechanisms representation and configuration. We have formally specified the capacity and configuration of security mechanisms by constructing an abstraction of physical flows of data blocks. We have proposed a solution that can satisfy security requirements and can help conflicts analysis in the deployment of technologies installed on different devices, •To evaluate both the ability of expression and analysis power of the modeling language. We have used CPN Tools [Jensen et Kristensen 2009] and [CPN tools] to formally specify our language. The goal of our research is to propose a modeling language for describing and validating architectural solutions that meet network security requirements. Simulations are applied to specific scenarios, such as the IPsec, NA(P)T and Netfilter/iptables protocols, to validate our approach. Nevertheless, the analysis of security conflicts is currently done by simulation and in a non-exhaustive manner. Our future work will aim to assist/automate the analysis by allowing the definition of properties in temporal logic for instance which will be automatically controlled
Bendella, Meryem. "Fouille de données provenant des réseaux sociaux pour la détection et la recherche". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0612.
Texto completoSocial networks have gained a significant interest for society during our decade. These platforms allow users to produce, share and exchange various content. Twitter is one of the most popular social networks that allow users to publish messages, called tweets. These tweets may contain offensive texts, such as harassment or bullying messages, or information related to abnormal topics. Many research studies have shown how such social content can have an impact on users and cause psychological harm. Developing a system for detecting such type of messages is necessary to protect the user and predict tragic events. The work presented in this thesis is brought into the context of data mining from Twitter to identify and detect such messages. We propose a suspicious tweets detection system based on probabilistic topic models and fuzzy logic. In order to identify harassment tweets, we introduce a classification model that exploits a set of features and uses supervised learning algorithms. People also use social networks to search for relevant posts that satisfy their information need where this need is usually formulated using a textual query. Twitter’s messages are short and access to information is sometimes difficult because of the variety of published content and huge amount of data generated. The second part of this work deals with the context of social information retrieval and aims to improve tweets retrieval quality. We propose a query expansion approach to overcome the shortness of user queries and tweets by extracting frequent closed patterns and using word embeddings
Dang, The Anh. "Analysis of community in social networks". Paris 13, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA132043.
Texto completoBonnaffoux, Arnaud. "Inférence de réseaux de régulation de gènes à partir de données dynamiques multi-échelles". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN054/document.
Texto completoInference of gene regulatory networks from gene expression data has been a long-standing and notoriously difficult task in systems biology. Recently, single-cell transcriptomic data have been massively used for gene regulatory network inference, with both successes and limitations.In the present work we propose an iterative algorithm called WASABI, dedicated to inferring a causal dynamical network from timestamped single-cell data, which tackles some of the limitations associated with current approaches. We first introduce the concept of waves, which posits that the information provided by an external stimulus will affect genes one-byone through a cascade, like waves spreading through a network. This concept allows us to infer the network one gene at a time, after genes have been ordered regarding their time of regulation. We then demonstrate the ability of WASABI to correctly infer small networks, which have been simulated in-silico using a mechanistic model consisting of coupled piecewise-deterministic Markov processes for the proper description of gene expression at the single-cell level. We finally apply WASABI on in-vitro generated data on an avian model of erythroid differentiation. The structure of the resulting gene regulatory network sheds a fascinating new light on the molecular mechanisms controlling this process. In particular, we find no evidence for hub genes and a much more distributed network structure than expected. Interestingly, we find that a majority of genes are under the direct control of the differentiation-inducing stimulus. Together, these results demonstrate WASABI versatility and ability to tackle some general gene regulatory networks inference issues. It is our hope that WASABI will prove useful in helping biologists to fully exploit the power of time-stamped single-cell data
Ouali, Abdelaziz. "Nouvelle approche de "Fouille de données" permettant le démembrement syndromique des troubles psychotiques". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS0002.
Texto completoCurrent approaches in the field of data analysis applied to Medicine use traditional statistical methods which showed limitations Data Mining consists in exploring and processing large volumes of data while the other methods are confirmatory and use structured data of often smaller sizes The main motivation of our thesis consist on the proposal of a new approach based on a hybrid Data Mining algorithm in order to extract knowledge applied to medical databases. The object of our study concerns a disease which affects about 1 % of the French population that is Schizophrenia. Conventional descriptions, codified by means of internationally recognized classifications, allowed the definition of nosographic categories of psychiatric disorders, which were however never validated by physiopathological data. It results in a considerable amount of data that needs to be optimizing both for operational and scientific purpose. It is thus necessary to use precise tools for phenotypic characterization and provide with an appreciation of the value of those variables to define possible sub-groups of the disease. We suggest setting up knowledge extraction architecture merging DataMining algorithms, the first part of this architecture will use the algorithm of association rules as the most relevant tool of feature selection of variables. Based on this sub-group of attributes, the second part will aim at supplying probabilistic profiles concerning phonotypical characteristics of patients suffering schizophrenia and to create a model of reliable classification by the use of the algorithms of Bayesians Networks and Neuronal Networks
Marc, Philippe. "Analyse bio-informatique des réseaux de régulation transcriptionnels de la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae grâce aux puces à ADN". Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077116.
Texto completoLepoivre, Cyrille. "Apports de l' analyse et l'intégration de données génomiques pour l'étude de la transcription et des réseaux de régulation dans le système hématopoïétique". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4065.
Texto completoOne of the fundamental challenges of modern biology is to better understand the mechanisms regulating gene expression, on which the functioning and differentiation of cells depend. In particular, disorders in these mechanisms may be the cause of diseases such as cancer. High throughput technologies of the post-genomic era allow mass production of data including gene expression, binding sites of transcription factors and chromatin state. These data a wealth of information for the study of regulatory mechanisms. However, the amount and heterogeneity of these data raise many bioinformatics issues related to access, visualization, analysis and integration of these.This thesis addresses a number of these aspects, through several projects:- bioinformatics characterization of antisense transcripts produced by bidirectional promoters during thymocyte development,- development and integration of a compendium of gene interactions of various kinds (physical interactions, regulations, etc.), and a graph visualization tool,- the study of a transdifferentiation system of pre-B lymphocytes into macrophages by induction of CEBPa, and the construction of a regulation model, thanks to the integrated analysis of DNA microarrays, ChIP-seq and sequence data.This work provides an illustration of some of the bioinformatics issues related to the exploitation of these data and methodologies to efficiently extract biological information, particularly to answer questions regarding the mechanisms of transcription and its regulation in the hematopoietic system
Awasthi, Anjali. "Développement d'un système de routage hiérarchique pour les réseaux urbains". Phd thesis, Université de Metz, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007751.
Texto completoLa deuxième partie de la thèse est consacrée au problème de décomposition d'un réseau urbain en sous réseaux de taille raisonnable et aussi indépendants les uns des autres que possible, c'est-à-dire ayant un nombre de connexions
aussi faible que possible.
Dans la troisième partie de la thèse nous présentons un programme de simulation pour générer les données qui, à leur tour, vont servir à constituer une mémoire. Cette mémoire a pour objectif de proposer le chemin le plus rapide à l'intérieur d'un sous-réseau dès que l'on connaît l'état du sous-réseau ainsi que l'origine et la destination du véhicule.
Enfin, la dernière partie de la thèse est la plus novatrice. Elle fait intervenir les techniques de l'analyse des données pour constituer la mémoire et permettre ainsi de choisir le chemin le plus rapide en temps réel.
Veber, Philippe. "Modélisation grande échelle de réseaux biologiques : vérification par contraintes booléennes de la cohérence des données". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00185895.
Texto completoFlé, Marie-Paule. "Analyse des phénomènes de concurrence dans les systèmes parallèles : le principe de sérialisation". Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112026.
Texto completoWalczak, Nathalie. "La protection des données personnelles sur l’internet.- Analyse des discours et des enjeux sociopolitiques". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20052/document.
Texto completoThis thesis, in Communication and Information Sciences, raises the question of the internet personal data protection through the discourses analysis of four actors concerned with this subject: internet companies, authorities regulating, French population and national press. The objective is to understand how, through the discourses of each one of these actors, the question of the jamming of the spheres private and public about the Internet takes shape. It is a question which increases with the development of the Internet, in particular with the multiplication of the social digital network, which gives to the Internet users various opportunities to display their privacy. The multiplication of the interpersonal relationship devices connection is then accompanied by a contemporary dialectical between private and public spheres, not always controlled by concerned people.This interaction between private and public leads to a transfert of the border wich separates the two spheres and can involves some drifts on behalf of specialized companies, such Google and Facebook, toward the aggregation of personal data contents. Indeed, databases are central in the economic system of these companies and gained a commercial value. However, the commercial use as of these data is not necessarily known by the user and can be realized without its agreement, at least in an explicit way. This double questioning related to the jamming of the private and public spheres, i.e., firstly, the individual aspect where the Internet user is incited to reveal personal elements more and more, and, secondly, the related aspect with the selling of the data by the Internet companies, then generates the question of the individual freedom and data confidentiality. The regulating authorities, in France or in European Union, try to provide answers in order to protect the Internet users by setting up actions relating to the right to be forgotten or by prosecuting Google, for example, when the company does not conform to the laws in force on the territory concerned. The various angles of incidence as well as the diversity of the studied actors required the constitution of a multidimentional corpus in order to have a comparative approach of the different representations. This corpus includes texts registered like political discourses, regulating authorities speeches, companies of the Internet speeches, specifically Google and Facebook, or press speeches which occupy a meta-discursive position since they repeat speeches of the actors previously stated. It includes also oral speeches made up of talks especially recorded for this research with some persons taken randomly in the French population. A quantitative analysis of the discourses between 2010 and 2013, contemporary period with the thesis, permit to carry out a first sorting and to select only the most relevant speeches compared to our hypothesis. The qualitative analysis which followed was based on the theoretical framework previously elaborate in order to cross the representations of the actors in connection with the personal data and to highlight the various visions about this question