Tesis sobre el tema "Analyse de cause racine"
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Moriconi, Florent. "Amélioration du cycle de développement logiciel via des approches basées sur les données". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS164.
Texto completoThis thesis explores data-driven approaches for automated root cause analysis of CI/CD build failures, focusing on identifying non-deterministic failures, locating root cause messages in build logs, and characterizing CI/CD systems' performance and security. Grounded on public and industrial datasets, we explore CI/CD workflow properties, such as execution times and failure patterns. The research introduces the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Knowledge Graphs Embeddings (KGE) for classifying build failures with a 94% accuracy. Additionally, we introduce ChangeMyMind, a new method based on Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) to accurately locate root cause messages in build logs without prior labeling of root cause messages. We propose X-Ray-TLS, a generic and transparent approach for inspecting TLS-encrypted network traffic in CI/CD environments. Finally, the thesis also revisits security vulnerabilities in CI/CD systems, demonstrating the potential for undetectable long-term compromises. This work has resulted in three publications and two under-review submissions, contributing significantly to CI/CD system analysis and optimization
Khichane, Abderaouf. "Diagnostic of performance by data interpretation for 5G cloud native network functions". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASG017.
Texto completoOperators today are facing a profound and inevitable evolution of services and infrastructure. They are constantly pressured to accelerate the renewal of their offerings to meet new challenges and opportunities. It is in this context that the concept of "Cloud-native" network functions [1][2][3] is gaining increasing significance. Drawing inspiration from the IT world where "Cloud readiness" has already proven its worth, the idea of cloudifying network functions involves implementing scalable and self-healing functions while providing generic APIs accessible through their management and orchestration systems. However, the transition to a "Cloud-native" model is not limited to encapsulating network functions in virtual machines. It requires an adaptation, even a total redesign, of network functions.In this context, microservices architectures [4] become essential for the design of cloud-native 5G applications. Decomposing applications into independent services brings flexibility in terms of i) development, ii) deployment, and iii) scalability. Nevertheless, adopting this new architectural paradigm for virtualized network functions raises new questions about orchestration and automation operations. In particular, observability represents a cornerstone in monitoring 5G functions to provide the highest level of customer satisfaction. This functionality involves activities related to measuring, collecting, and analyzing telemetry data from both the operator's infrastructure and the applications running on it. Observability enables a deep understanding of network behavior and the anticipation of service quality degradation. Various observability approaches are proposed in the literature [5], allowing the analysis of the behavior of cloud-native IT applications and the implementation of necessary remediation actions.In this context, telemetry data provides precise information about the state of operator networks. However, the complexity of the operator's software-defined infrastructure and the volume of data [6] to be processed require the development of new techniques capable of detecting real-time risk situations and making the right decisions, for example, to avoid a violation of the Service Level Agreement (SLA). This is the framework in which the work of this thesis is situated
Boussat, Bastien. "Comités de Retour d'Expérience et culture de sécurité des soins". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAS008/document.
Texto completoThe Experience Feedback Committee (EFC) is a tool designed to involve medical teams in patient safety management, through root cause analysis of adverse events within the team. This program was created in 2005, and was implemented in the vast majority of French hospitals. Despite its wide implementation in thousands of French medical teams, the EFC still lacks scientific evaluation. To our knowledge, the EFC framework and the association between EFC and patient safety culture have never been assessed. In this context, our work aimed to determine whether patient safety culture, as measured by the Hospital Survey On Patient Safety Culture (HSOPS), differed regarding care provider involvement in EFC activities. Using the original data from a cross-sectional survey of 3,888 employees at a single university hospital in France, we analyzed the differences in HSOPS dimension scores according involvement in EFC activities. We also specified the metrological properties of the transcultural adaptation of the HSOPS into French (psychometrics properties, variability of scoring strategies and missing data imputation methods). Our findings suggest that EFC participation may improve patient safety culture, teamwork and non-blame oriented processes. Despite several limitations, our study contributes to a better understanding of EFC and its position amongst patient safety systems. This thesis advocates research developments centered on health care givers involvement in patient safety management
Javot, Hélène. "Analyse physiologique et génétique de la fonction des aquaporines dans la racine d'Arabidopsis Thaliana". Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112257.
Texto completoAquaporins are water channel proteins which facilitate the diffusion of water across cell membranes. These proteins define a large multigenic family with 35 members in Arahidopsis thaliana. In a first part of this work, we addressed the relevance of aquaporin regulation by cytoplasmic pH at the root level, and especially in stress conditions. Cytoplasmic pH and root water transport were followed using NMR and pressure chamber techniques, respectively. Results indicate that a cytoplasmic acidification was associated to a strong, rapid and reversible diminution of the hydraulic conductivity of Arabidopsis excised root systems. A same behavior was observed, whether acidification was induced by means of weak acid diffusion, cell treatment with respiratory drugs, or anoxia. A second aspect of this work concerns the analysis of 6 aquaporin single knockout mutants in Arabidopsis. These mutants concern the PIP sub-family and were obtained after insertion of the T-DNA from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. No growth or developmental phenotype could be observed for any of the mutant plants in any of the conditions investigated. The expression pattern of the PIP2;2 et PIP2;3 genes in roots was determined by GUS reporter gene analyses. In two PIP2;2 mutant lines, the hydraulic conductivity of root cortex cells and whole root systems was diminished by 25 % and 14 %, respectively. Altogether, our results point to a predominant function for PIP2;2 in maintaining efficient water uptake in response to small osmotic gradients within the root. The identification of a function for a specific aquaporin isoform discards the idea of a total functional redundancy within the aquaporin family. In conclusion, our work brings novel insights into general and specific aspects of aquaporin function in plant roots
Park, Shin Eun-Young. "Approche sémiotique des tragédies de Racine : problème de la double énonciation /". Villeneuve d'Ascq : Presses universitaires du Septentrion, 1998. http://books.google.com/books?id=__ZcAAAAMAAJ.
Texto completoAssude, Teresa. "Un phénomène d'arrêt de la transposition didactique : écologie de l'objet "racine carrée" et analyse du curriculum". Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10190.
Texto completoFilios, Christian P. "L'enrichissement sans cause en droit prive francais analyse interne et vues comparatives". Lille 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIL20007.
Texto completoEnrichment without cause was recognized in france as an autonomous source of obligations in 1892 (case boudier). Its technical evolution in french law had a significant rise at the beginning of 20th century. After the last thesis from francois gore in 1949, no more essays were dedicated to the problem of unjust enrichment. At that period, though the other continental laws, mainly those of germanic inspiration, this mechanism, which does not allow somebody to get rich at the expense of others, sprang back to life. A fundamental distinction, based on the nature of things, made it possible to separate the benefits conferred with payment from benefits acquired "in any other manner". Besides its functional aspect, this distinction strives to attach different definitions to the constitutive elements of unjust enrichment, especially that of "cause". The attempt to intro, duce the distinction between benefits conferred with payment and benefits acquired "in any other manner" in french law, and at the same time to bring this institution up-to-date, is the essential purpose of our essay
Warnot, François. "Recherche de marqueurs glucidiques et protéiques liés au stade de maturité de la racine de chicorée industrielle". Lille 1, 1997. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1997/50376-1997-519.pdf.
Texto completoChiche, Sarah. "Dieu, le monde et l’homme : Une analyse sur la liberté d’action et la conscience chez quelques personnages du XVIIe siècle". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Franska, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-36051.
Texto completoCorneille and Racine are two emblematic authors of the 17th century classic tragedy. It features characters of high rank from the nobility and/or from royal blood. The aim of this thesis is an analysis and a reflection, through female and male characters on a corpus of four of their works, in the field of free will and consciousness. These characters represent the tragic hero, coming from the aristocracy and/or of royal blood. Our choice is for Corneille, Polyeucte and Le Cid and for Racine, it is Andromaque and Britannicus. The method is based mainly on Goldmann’s book Le dieu caché and mainly the concept of three spheres: of the divine, the world and mankind. The analysis is focused on the protagonists’ ability to use free will, to make use of the will and on the notion of consciousness.The complexity of this study has been in the complexity of the characters and in the coexistence of the three spheres of the divine, of the world and of mankind, in which there are various subtleties especially since the spheres interact between them.By the same ways, it is complex to measure the will, free will of the characters. Through the studied tragedies, we can see the central place of women, the difference between man and woman in the matter of their free will, the place of emotions in characters.
Guillemin, Florence. "Morphologie des cellules de la racine de betterave sucrière et distribution des épitopes pectiques : approche par analyse d'images". Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2013.
Texto completoPour chaque type cellulaire, la distribution des domaines structuraux des pectines a été étudiée par immunocytochimie et association de méthodes soustractives. Nous avons montré des différences dans le degré de méthylation des régions homogalacturoniques et dans la structure des chaînes latérales des régions rhamnogalacturoniques des pectines suivant leur localisation dans les faisceaux et le parenchyme saccharifère
Mdini, Maha. "Anomaly detection and root cause diagnosis in cellular networks". Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IMTA0144/document.
Texto completoWith the evolution of automation and artificial intelligence tools, mobile networks havebecome more and more machine reliant. Today, a large part of their management tasks runs inan autonomous way, without human intervention. In this thesis, we have focused on takingadvantage of the data analysis tools to automate the troubleshooting task and carry it to a deeperlevel. To do so, we have defined two main objectives: anomaly detection and root causediagnosis. The first objective is about detecting issues in the network automatically withoutincluding expert knowledge. To meet this objective, we have proposed an algorithm, WatchmenAnomaly Detection (WAD), based on pattern recognition. It learns patterns from periodic timeseries and detect distortions in the flow of new data. The second objective aims at identifying theroot cause of issues without any prior knowledge about the network topology and services. Toaddress this question, we have designed an algorithm, Automatic Root Cause Diagnosis (ARCD)that identifies the roots of network issues. ARCD is composed of two independent threads: MajorContributor identification and Incompatibility detection. WAD and ARCD have been proven to beeffective. However, many improvements of these algorithms are possible
Browall, Sarah. "Comparative genomic analyse by microarray technology of pneumococci with different potential to cause disease". Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-940.
Texto completoStreptococcus pneumoniae is a gram-positive bacterium that can be found in both healthy carriers as well as in people that have developed disease. One of the major virulence factors of pneumococci is their polysaccharide capsule. Based on the capsule that surrounds the bacteria, pneumococci are divided into at least 90 different serotypes. Some serotypes seem to be more related to virulence than others.
I have with comparative genome hybridization microarray technique, studied gene differences between 18 epidemiological well-characterised pneumococcal strains with different potential to cause disease. A microarray chip based on two sequenced pneumococcal genomes, R6 and TIGR4, has already been designed. According to Hierarchical clustering, both the serotype and the genetic type as assessed by MLST (sequence type or ST) seem to have impact on the relationship of clinical isolates. Most clinical isolates of the same serotype are clustered together except for serotype 14 isolates that seem to be more divergent. Further more the number of genes that are divergent between clinical isolates compared to R6 and TIGR4 differ from 65 to 289. Preliminary results indicate that although there is diversity among clinical isolates some are more closely related to each other then others. Absent genes seem to be evenly distributed among all 18 clinical isolates tested but hypothetical genes and genes for cell envelope are two groups of role categories that are absent to the largest extent in all isolates.
According to results from microarray analysis, a gene region, spr0112-spr1015- is present in all type 9V isolates and absent in many isolates of serotype 14, 19F and 7F. These results have been confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Conserved genes in a region around the capsule genes have been sequenced to identify marker genes for a capsulular switch between serotype 9V and 14. Preliminary results of the sequencing showed that as much as 750kb might have been transferred in the event of capsular switch.
Populin, Deschamp Claire. "Le concept fonctionnel de cause de paiement : essai sur une analyse renouvelée du paiement". Nancy 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN20014.
Texto completoThe harmonization within Europe on national law, the prospect of a European Cicil Code as well as the preliminary draft of the Civil Code reform show how important it is to modernize the French Civil Code, especially the law of ontracts, essential field in which payment has a specific place and plays considerable role. The present work offers a detailed renewed analysis of payment. The hybrid nature of the payment, and the considerable importance of the will of the parties in respect of the role on the law of obligation, reveal the complexity of the legal act of payment as well as the need to understand the interactions between its objective and subjective elements. The cause of the payment, linking these two types of elements, is seen as a real functionnal concept. It is a new way to understand the notion of payment. This casual approach allows a critical analysis of the general regime of the payment : supremacy of the nation of satisfaction of the creditor, danger implied by the right o third person to extinguish an indebtness, importance of the function of framing related to preliminary obligation of the question of proof of payment, characteristics of the contractual inexecution, coherence to give to the notion of undue payment and to the regime of refund claim. Finally, the concept of cause of the payment extends to the mathods of the payment, at two different levels : elaboration of a general theory about payment orders executed by the banker and aknowledgement of the recourse to evocatory action against suspected fraudulent payments
Chemmi, David. "Le divorce pour faute, indispensable au mariage : (analyse de la faute, cause de divorce)". Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA083703.
Texto completoMira, Sébastian. "Caractérisation et analyse prospective de la contribution de l'effet rhizosphère aux performances du blé (Triticum aestivum) en contexte de polyculture-élevage". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NSARD101.
Texto completoFaced with societal and environmental challenges and loss of biodiversity, the redesign of cropping systems mobilizing ecological interactions instead of synthetic inputs is crucial to develop. The soil-plant interface influenced by root activities is of major interest because it harbors a diversity of processes involved in plant nutrition and health. However, the rhizosphere effect induced by plants is very dynamic, and influenced not only by soil type or crop species but also by agricultural practices. In an approach combining experimentation and statistical modeling by structural equations, indicators of rhizosphere functioning in wheat (Triticum aestivum var Absalon) were developped.The applied methodology allowed to put forward synergistic effects of crop diversification during the succession with reduced tillage in order to promote the rhizosphere effect. Finally, we highlighted a common scheme of causal structure between controlled conditions and the field by structural equation modeling that pave the way for further development of rhizosphere indicators. In conclusion, this thesis work carried out in collaboration with the members of three cooperatives opens perspectives for the design and evaluation of low-input agroecological cropping systems
Saraya, Aliaa. "Les organisations des droits de l'homme en Egypte : analyse d'un engagement pour la défense d'une cause". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004IEPP0014.
Texto completoRanger, Jean-Claude. "Nature et tragique des Grecs à Grillparzer : analyse des références à la nature dans des tragédies d'Eschyle, Sophocle, Euripide, Racine et Grillparzer". Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040231.
Texto completoMy approach in this study is twofold, its basis is a detailed, and in the case of fifteen plays, even an exhaustive reading of the tragedies of Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Racine and Grillparzer, for references to the sea, to fire, to light and shadow, to animals, to all those elementrs which conventionally constitute nature. On this foundation, I examine the relationship between nature and the tragic, my postulate being that such references, far from being pure ornament, have a thematic and structural function. Revealing. Analysis shows that for writers of tragedy, nature polarises between the grandiose, the mysterious, the threastening on the one hand, and on the other the wead, the poignant and the threatened: the elements at their most tempestuous, the most immeasurable, animals hunted and hunters, in short violence and victim. Predator and prey. Revealingly too, references to nature in tragedy are not formally equivalent to those in epic. The homeric simile of the epic, presupposing a distinction between tenor and vehicle, betwwen nature and man, gives way to metaphor which does not interrupt the urgency of the action, and which is the stylistic transposition of the inextricable bonds between man and nature
Barbaud, Marc-Olivier. "La notion de contrat unilatéral : analyse fonctionnelle". Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020018.
Texto completoUnder French law, a unilateral contract is contract by which “one or several persons obligate themselves to one or several others without any commitment on the part of the latter” (article 1103 of the Civil Code). The functional analysis of the notion of the unilateral contract raises the question of the utility in identifying a specific category of contracts which bind only one party. As a first step, this question is an invitation to challenge the normative function of the notion of unilateral contract, that is to say its ability to cause the application of specific rules. The results of this first step show that the notion of unilateral contract does not cause the application of a specific system of rules and that its main purpose is therefore not to determine the application of specific legal rules. A thorough study of its origins and its use in case law shows, instead, that the notion of unilateral contract mainly fulfills a definitional function of the concept of contract itself. Against the temptation to reduce the definition of contract solely to agreements that oblige all parties to each other, the notion of unilateral contract is a reminder that French law does not distinguish between the unilateral or reciprocal nature of the obligations provided in the agreement. Such an agreement qualifies as a contract. Thus, the notion of unilateral contract arises, somehow, as the guardian of the broad definition of the contract provided for by Article 1101 of the Civil Code
Moreno-Ortega, Beatriz. "Instabilité développementale chez les racines latérales du maïs : une analyse multi-échelle". Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NSAM0022/document.
Texto completoIn the perspective of a second Green Revolution, aiming, unlike the first one, to enhance yields of crops in a low fertility context, the strategies used by plants for an optimal uptake of soil nutrients are at the core of the problem. To solve it and identify ideal breeds among the genetic diversity of crops, plant root systems, their development and their architecture, are called upon to play the leading role. The variability among secondary roots appears as a crucial feature for the optimality of soil exploration and acquisition of mobile and immobile resources, but this phenomenon remains poorly understood. The work presented in this thesis focuses on the lateral roots of maize (Zea mays L.) and attempts to unravel the processes at the origin of intrinsic variations in lateral root development. It relies notably on the phenotyping of individual lateral roots at an unprecedented scale, tracking the daily growth of thousands of them at a high spatial resolution, in order to characterize precisely the spatio-temporal variations existing both between and within root individuals. Individual growth rate profiles were analyzed with a statistical model that identified three main temporal trends in growth rates leading to the definition of three lateral root classes with contrasted growth rates and growth duration. Differences in lateral root diameter at root emergence (originating at the primordium stage) were likely to condition the followed growth trend but did not seem enough to entirely determine lateral root fate. Lastly, these lateral root classes were randomly distributed along the primary root, suggesting that there is no local inhibition or stimulation between neighbouring lateral roots. In order to explain the origin of the observed differences in growth behaviour, we complemented our study with a multi-scale characterization of groups of lateral roots with contrasted growth at a cellular, anatomical and molecular level. A particular focus is set on the analysis of cell length profiles in lateral root apices for which we introduced a segmentation model to identify developmental zones. Using this method, we evidenced strong modulations in the length of the division and elongation zones that could be closely related to variations in lateral root growth. The regulatory role of auxin on the balance between cellular proliferation and elongation processes is demonstrated through the analysis of mutant lines. Ultimately, variations in lateral root growth are traced back to the allocation of carbon assimilates and the transport capacity of the root, suggesting that a feedback control loop mechanism could play a determinant role in the setting out of contrasted lateral root growth trends
SCHULER, INGRID. "Analyse cytologique et biochimique de populations de protoplastes de racine de pomme de terre (cv. Fb15 2x) en liaison avec l'aptitude a la regeneration". Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112373.
Texto completoMerret, Rémy. "Contrôle moléculaire de la croissance sous déficit hydrique : analyse cinématique et régulation de l'expression des aquaporines TIP1 dans l'apex de la racine du peuplier". Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10069/document.
Texto completoThis study consideres the molecular control of cell expansion in poplar root apex. The study was focused on the regulation of the TIP1 aquaporins expression under two levels of water deficit. A conceptual framework combining transcript density analysis (quantitative PCR) at a high spatial resolution and a fluid mechanics formalism was established to describe the regulation of gene expression in time and space along the root apex. Two contrasting growth status were both studied: root growth rate is either restored (after three days of moderate stress, 80 mmol kg-1, 100 g L-1 polyethylene glycol PEG 3500 g mol-1) or root growth rate is reduced (after 3 days of high stress, 250 mosmol kg-1, 200 g L-1 PEG). Kinematic analysis revealed a differential sensitivity of the relative elemental growth rate (REGR) according to the stress level and to the coordinate along the apex. At the molecular level, we showed that growth reduction was associated with a shift of maximal densities of transcripts towards the first millimeters of the apex, where cell expansion was maintained. Meanwhile the induction/repression levels were never stronger than in the control condition underlying that a high transcript density does not mean a high transcriptional induction. Focused on the combination of two dynamic processes, cell expansion and gene expression, my thesis showed that the conclusions issued from the analyses of these processes are influenced by the way time, space and age are considered
Mansoor, Taher. "La situation des dirigeants des entreprises publiques : analyse et remise en cause de certaines notions acquises (France, Irak)". Montpellier 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON10028.
Texto completoThis study deals with the situation of managers of state owned enterprises, through four major thrusts. -first, the understanding and methods of management. Various theoritical inefficiences of management were observed. Concerning managerial practices, applied models, more so in french than in iraq, the managers appear incapable of responding to the internal and external environment necessities of the company. -second, the manner in which managers conceive the economic concept of the enterprise. The debate regarding the criteria of the efficient methods of the firm is often influenced by ideology. Profit is often considered the main indicator of a company's efficiency. However, profit is often handicaped by poorly organized systems and controls. Also, the structure of the enterprise must be flexible and capable of changing to meet environmental fluctuations. Controls are necessary, but they should anticipate future developments and should be as minimal as necessary of fulfil the requirements of the organization. -third, the power and responsabilities of managers of public enterprises. Where the performance of public enterprises depends on a better organization of power, on the authority and the abilities of its managers ; it is proposed that reforms be considered within a general framework, closer to the economic and social realities of the country. -finally, the clarification according to classic planning of the strategies of public enterprises, which are presently somewhat confusing. A system of management with a responsive strategy is preferable ; that is, a system which better incorporates the strategies of public enterprises and the industrial policy of the state
Girer, Marion. "Contribution à une analyse rénovée de la relation de soins : essai de remise en cause du contrat médical". Lyon 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO33037.
Texto completoSince the Mercier case law (May 20th 1936), in private medical practice, the doctor is related to his patient by a medical contract, which comprises not a duty to achieve a given result but more simply a duty of means in care. A study of the doctor-patient relationship allows to identify some increasingly strong exemptions from this contractual system in order to adapt the main principles of the law of contract to the medical topic, report being accentuated by the adoption of legal rules. These exemptions result in wondering which is the true nature of the medical relationship : it does not have any more vocation to be governed by an imperfect contractual framework. Through a renovated approach, it can be analyzed in a unit way in an institutional relationship regarding to care themselves. The contractual system can be preserved only concerning to the material organization of the medical relationship. Thus, this medical relationship seems to be not contractual any more but regulatory and statutory
Beaudouin, Valérie. "Rythme et rime de l'alexandrin classique : étude empirique des 80 000 vers du théâtre de Corneille et Racine". Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00377348.
Texto completoLe métromètre a été utilisé pour analyser les 80 000 vers de Corneille et Racine. Il en résulte que la structure rythmique du vers est bel et bien le résultat d'un agencement spécifique des éléments de la langue (il n'y a pas « d'accent de vers »). Nous montrons que tous les marquages, qui relèvent de composantes a priori indépendantes de la langue, contribuent chacun à leur manière à définir la forme rythmique de chaque hémistiche et du vers. Les corrélations entre ces niveaux a priori indépendants semblent être constitutives du rythme.
Parallèlement, l'examen systématique de la rime chez Corneille et Racine a permis de montrer l'existence de régularités, non attestées dans les traités de métrique (la voyelle [e] a, par exemple, toujours besoin d'une consonne d'appui) et de proposer une définition contextuelle des concepts de rime riche, suffisante ou pauvre, lesquels varient selon le type de terminaison examiné.
Enfin, nous avons tenté de montrer en quoi la structure rythmique et rimique des vers pouvait contribuer à enrichir l'analyse stylistique : nous avons ainsi mis à jour des corrélations entre des univers de discours et des rythmes spécifiques.
Willeman, Honorine. "Contribution à la recherche des composés impliqués dans l’amertume de la racine de chicorée : approches métabolomique et sensorielle de l’influence de la torréfaction". Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10222/document.
Texto completoIndustrial chicory, cultivated for its root, is transformed in dried or roasted form to be consumed as a beverage in particular. Fresh root and its derivates are known for their bitterness, which may represent an obstacle to new consumers. Native bitterness is attributed to terpene compounds, but our preliminary results suppose that other compounds are involved in bitterness of the roasted product. Indeed, content in terpene compounds dramatically decrease during roasting process. Nowadays, no studies has been conducted either to clarify impact of roasting on native composition of chicory or to identify molecular determinants of bitter flavor in final products. My PhD work was therefore carried out to in this end. By genomic and metabolomic approaches, a wide characterization of 48 industrial chicory genotypes allows the constitution of a core collection representing global diversity. Through this selection, an analysis of chemical composition of the fresh root, dried cossettes and products roasted at different levels was undertaken. In parallel, an organoleptic profiling of products from three degrees of roasting was conducted by sensory analysis. Thus, a change in the chemical composition and sensory properties is found during roasting process. We used a statistical approach based on correlation to combine data from metabolomic and sensory analysis and so, 3 neoformed compounds and 6 unknown were highlighted as involved in the bitterness of roasted chicory products
Chavanon, Marie. "Les Exsudats racinaires de Beta vulgaris var. sacch. analyse biochimique et rôle dans l'infection de la racine de betterave sucrière par Polymyxa betae Keskin, vecteur de la rhizomanie /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37603873h.
Texto completoMasclet, Camille. "Sociologie des féministes des années 1970 : analyse localisée, incidences biographiques et transmission familiale d’un engagement pour la cause des femmes en France". Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080079/document.
Texto completoThe feminist movements that arose in the 1970’s, promoting a radical contestation of patriarchy and committed to “women’s liberation”, helped challenge gender relations in many areas. Built upon an empirical research that combines archival work, questionnaires and interviews, my dissertation focuses on the women who took part in these mobilizations in France. It aims to understand how the involvement in this movement, characterised by the politicization of the private sphere, transformed “common” activists’ trajectories and those of their children. Using a local and comparative approach, this work first analyses the contexts in which the feminists evolved and were socialised. By tracing the feminist mobilizations that unfolded in Lyons and Grenoble between 1970 and 1984, it also revisits the history of the “second wave” French women’s movements. The study of the feminists’ activist careers then highlights the lasting socialising effects of their commitments and the impact they had on different areas of their life. Likewise, the use of sequence analysis reveals the trajectories they followed until present day, both from a political and personal prospect. Finally, a deeper focus on the activists who became mothers uncovers how intergenerational transmission of feminism occurred and which political contents the children inherited. In particular, this dissertation proposes several factors that help understand the differentiated appropriations of this heritage among the second generation
Robert, Christian Yann. "Analyse des queues de distribution et des valeurs extrêmes en finance : applications aux séries financières haute fréquence". Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077164.
Texto completoFernandez, Anita Elizabeth. "Autobiography as a method for preservice teachers to analyze their expressed beliefs of multicultural, anti-racist education: Three case studies". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279777.
Texto completoFévrat, Noémie. "Le mandat de trop ? : La réélection des parlementaires et des maires en France et les conditions de sa remise en cause". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Avignon, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024AVIG1016.
Texto completoThe subject of this PhD combines the sociology of political staff on the one hand, and data extraction, processing and analysis on the other. It focuses on the longevity of political staff and electoral reforms limiting re-election in contemporary democracies. The draft law on the moralization of public life carried by the French Minister of Justice in early June 2017 provided for term limits by reducing to three the number of successive identical mandates for members of local executives and members of parliament. This measure of "political de-professionalization" included in La République en Marche's draft constitutional reform reopens a historic debate, once marked by Robespierre's eloquence, on the right democratic tempo and the alternative between rotation and competence of the elected representatives. The PhD combines quantitative objectivation and qualitative analysis: it aims to grasp the practices of long-term appropriation of representative mandates and executive functions, and the uses and effects of electoral longevity, in order to assess the controversies surrounding political professionalization that are preparing a possible limitation on re-electability in France. The aim is to place the project of term limits in the regulation of the elected profession in the history of democratic reformism and Western electoral politics, and to link this reflection on the temporalities of political representation to the renewed objectification of practices in terms of the stability and longevity of political personnel
Asquith, Nicole. "Race riots on the beach: A case for criminalising hate speech?" British Society of Criminology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3896.
Texto completoThis paper analyses the verbal and textual hostility employed by rioters, politicians and the media in Sydney (Australia) in December 2005 in the battle over Sutherland Shire¿s Cronulla Beach. By better understanding the linguistic conventions underlying all forms of maledictive hate, we are better able to address the false antimonies between free speech and the regulation of speech. It is also argued that understanding the harms of hate speech provides us with the tools necessary to create a more responsive framework for criminalising some forms of hate speech as a preliminary process in reducing or eliminating hate violence.
Campin, Véronique. "Traitement des troubles vésico-spinctériens du blessé médullaire par électro- stimulation des racines sacrées antérieures : expérience du C.H.R.U de Bordeaux, analyse de dix observations". Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR23074.
Texto completoFerris, Fiona Severiona. "A multisemiotic discourse analysis of race in apartheid South Africa: The case of Sandra Laing". University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5231.
Texto completoIn this thesis I investigate the reconstruction of the life history of Sandra Laing and the recreation of the apartheid context by analyzing two artefacts. These main artefact for investigation is the movie Skin, by Anthony Fabian which is based on the book "When She Was White: A Family Divided By Race" by Judith Stone, which is the second artefact for investigation. The latter artefact is based on the life of Sandra Laing. Sandra Laing was born to white parents in the apartheid era, but she did not ascribe to the physical description of a person who was classified 'white' in accordance with legal and social framing thereof in apartheid South Africa. This posed many legal, social and political difficulties for her family. I was particularly interested in the composition of information sources and how semiotic resources are re-enacted, reused and repurposed in the movie ‘Skin.’ The study is more theoretical than applied in that it seeks to answer the question posed by Prior and Grusin (2010: 1): "How do we understand semiotics/multimodality theoretically and investigate it methodologically?" In the study I develop Prior and Grusin’s (2010) thesis by working with notion of semiotic remediation as a focus on semioticity helps me to focus on the signs across modes, media, channels and genres. Therefore, the book on Sandra Laing and the movie are used as databases from which to extract semiotic resources in the exploration and extension of multimodality theory through multisemiotic analysis using semiotic remediation as 'repurposing' in particular. In the process, the notion of semiotic remediation becomes the tool for extending theory of multimodality, by demonstrating the repurposing of semiotic material from the book, such as apartheid artefacts, racialised discourses, dressing, racialised bodies and bible verses, for example, into the recreation of apartheid in the movie 'Skin.' I employed a multisemiotic discourse analysis to analyse the data, which is multimodal, and because I was interested in the complexity of the meaning making process involving multiple modes of representation. This framework was useful in analyzing the complex interaction between the various modes for meaning making. I used resemiotisation and remediation as conceptual tools to trace the translation of events across artefacts and how the material and generic traces are reframed and repurposed within its new contexts for new meanings in the movie 'Skin'. This study makes important contributions to research on the race debate in South Africa in particular. Although apartheid laws have been repealed and new democratic order is in place, the issue of race has flared in the media and South African society generally. The recurrent debates on lack of transformation in former whites only universities, the #FeeMustFall Movement and recent debates in parliament about revisiting the land redistribution issue all have racial undertones – the continued disempowerment of the non-white South Africans. The focus on the recapturing of the complexities surrounding the race debates and the implications of the racialised society, particularly how they are conceptualized and rematerialized within the semiotic limitations of book and a film contributes to a novel understanding of the making and lifestyles of inequality in apartheid South Africa. From a theoretical and analytical perspective, the study feeds on and extends the notion of multimodality to multisemioticity using the extension, semiotic remediation, not in the ordinary sense of mediating a new, but on the notion of the reframing and particularly repurposing of a particular social, political, cultural and historical semiotic material in new contexts in the recreated new worlds in the film and book. In this regard, the study provides interesting insights into the remediated reconstructions of race and racial inequalities, and the remodeling of artefacts and semiosis that are used in this reformation of the apartheid material cultures and contexts. In analysing the remaking of the apartheid culture in the film and the book, I theorefore make a unique contribution in identifying the semiotic materials that are indicative of the flawed nature of biological arguments for racial classification and race-based social structuring. I discuss the implications of this by analysing the remediation of the body as a racial scape, and the apartheid material culture as providing the semiotic landscape on which meanings are produced and consumed. The study thus contributes to research on recent developments in multimodality through its extension of semiotic remediation, which is designed to uncover the intricate interaction between semiotic resources in various media as well as their translation and repurposing across artefacts. In this regard, the study adds to extending the theoretical framing of multimodality thus: resemiotization accounts for the circulations of texts from mode to mode or one context to another, while semiotic remediation accounts for the repurposing of semiotic resources for different purposes and for their multiple meaning potentials.
National Research Foundation
Zhang, Mei. "Diagnostic de panne et analyse des causes profondes du système dynamique inversible". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30260/document.
Texto completoMany of the vital services of everyday life depend on highly complex and interconnected engineering systems; these systems consist of large number of interconnected sensors, actuators and system components. The study of interconnected systems plays a significant role in the study of reliability theory of dynamic systems, as it allows one to investigate the properties of an interconnected system by analyzing its less complicated subcomponents. Fault diagnosis is crucial in achieving safe and reliable operations of interconnected control systems. In all situations, the global system and/or each subsystem can be analyzed at different levels in investigating the reliability of the overall system; where different levels mean from system level down to the subcomponent level. In some cases, it is important to determine the abnormal information of the internal variables of local subsystem, in order to isolate the causes that contribute to the anomalous operation of the overall process. For example, if a certain fault appears in an actuator, the origin of that malfunction can have different causes: zero deviation, leakage, clogging etc. These origins can be represented as root cause of an actuator fault. This thesis concerns with the challenges of applying system inverse theory and model based FDD techniques to handle the joint problem of fault diagnosis & root cause analysis (FD & RCA) locally and performance monitoring globally. By considering actuator as individual dynamic subsystem connected with process dynamic subsystem in cascade, we propose an interconnected nonlinear system structure. We then investigate the problem of left invertibility, fault observability and fault diagnosability of the interconnected system, forming a novel model based multilevel FD & RCA algorithm. This diagnostic algorithm enables individual component to monitor internal dynamics locally to improve plant efficiency and diagnose potential fault resources to locate malfunction when operation performance of global system degrades. Hence, a means of acombination of local intelligence with a more advanceddiagnostic capability (combining fault monitoring anddiagnosis at both local and global levels) to performFDDfunctions on different levels of the plantis provided. As a result, improved fault localization and better predictive maintenance aids can be expected. The new system structure, together with the fault diagnosis algorithm, is the first to emphasize the importance of fault RCA of field devices, as well as the influences of local internal dynamics on the global dynamics. The developed model based multi-level FD & RCA algorithm is then a first effort to combine the strength of the system level model based fault diagnosis with the component level model based fault diagnosis. The contributions of this thesis include the following: Firstly, we propose a left invertible interconnected nonlinear system structure which guarantees that fault occurred in field device subsystem will affect the measured output of the global system uniquely and distinguishably. A necessary and sufficient condition is developed to ensure invertibility of the interconnected system which requires invertibility of individual subsystems. Second, a two level interconnected observer is developed which consists of two state estimators, aims at providing accurately estimates of states of each subsystem, as well as the unknown interconnection. In addition, it will also provide initial condition for the input reconstructor and local fault filter once FD & RCA procedure is triggered by any fault. Two underlyingissues are worth to be highlighted: for one hand, the measurement used in the estimator of the former subsystem is assumed not accessible; the solution is to replace it by the estimate provided by the estimator of the latter subsystem. In fact, this unknown output is the unknown interconnection of the interconnected system, and also the input of the latter subsystem
Bocquet, Brian. "Dominant Ideology and Racism in the French Media: a Critical Discourse Analysis on the Case of the Denaturalization Law". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-302025.
Texto completoMitchell, Cecilia F. "Health Safety-Net Crisis: A Case Study of News Discourse". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/communication_theses/101.
Texto completoBossy, Thomas. "Impact-defined climate targets : estimating ensembles of pathways of compatible anthropogenic drivers through inversion of the cause-effect chain". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASJ022.
Texto completoThis dissertation presents a multidisciplinary approach to climate change research. It explores the limitations of the current scenario-building framework used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and presents new strategies for better understanding climate futures. Using Pathfinder, a simple model focused on climate and the carbon cycle, this research fills a gap in the range of existing simple climate models by incorporating the latest data and providing a backward, temperature-driven examination of climate change scenarios.Prospects for improvement are then identified by discussing the representation of the ocean in Pathfinder, focusing on the Ocean Heat-Carbon Nexus and its critical role in the global carbon cycle and the response of Earth's climate to cumulative CO2 emissions. A comparison is made between the representations of the Ocean Heat-Carbon Nexus in Pathfinder and state-of-the-art Earth system models, highlighting the significant discrepancies and potential implications for future warming scenarios.After introducing Pathfinder, my research first examines the CO2 emission reductions physically required to meet the 1.5C global warming target, emphasizing the importance of CO2 emissions from land use and non-CO2 forcing. We then reverse the causal chain to link environmental impacts to anthropogenic activities, which is a unique approach. The study maps the spaces of anthropogenic activities compatible with planetary boundaries and introduces a modeling framework that accounts for global warming, ocean acidification, sea level rise, and Arctic sea ice melt.Furthermore, this thesis examines the role of Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) in understanding the costs associated with these climate scenarios. It explores the impact of conceptual choices in these models on the identification of robust mitigation pathways and examines the effects of physical uncertainty and intergenerational equity.This manuscript concludes with an appreciation of the key contributions of my doctoral research to climate change modeling, exploration of new frontiers and opportunities in the field, and personal insights into the research journey. Overall, this research represents a unique, innovative approach to climate change modeling that will hopefully provide practical tools for assessing and developing mitigation strategies
Belot, Aurélien. "Modélisation flexible des données de survie en présence de risques concurrents et apports de la méthode du taux en excès". Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20709.
Texto completoIn epidemiology, the probability of survival (associated to the delay until death) of a cohort of patients is a key indicator of the impact of the disease. But, this survival may be estimated according to various causes of death; these constitute then competing events. In this dissertation, after presenting the analysis setting, we propose a flexible model to estimate jointly the hazards of competing events as well as the effects of prognostic factors in function of the time elapsed since diagnosis. Furthermore, this model allows comparing the effects of the prognostic factors on the competing events; it was applied to an analysis of data on an American cohort of patients with colorectal cancer. However, the causes of death may sometimes be missing or invalid (case of registries that do not routinely collect the causes of death). The statistical method of the excess hazard makes it possible to overcome the need for the causes of death by using the general population mortality to estimate the excess mortality directly or indirectly linked to the disease. An analysis strategy is proposed to estimate the excess mortality as well as the non-linear and/or time-dependent effects of the prognostic factors. In addition to death, the competing events method is also applied to intercurrent events such as relapse or metastasis. A model that combines the competing events and the excess hazard methods is proposed to estimate the hazards of intercurrent events and the excess mortality; it is applied to data from FRANCIM registries on colorectal cancer cases with curative-intent treatment
Trinchero, Beth. "Counter Narrating the Media’s Master Narrative: A Case Study of Victory High School". Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2011. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/261.
Texto completoAleshire, Seth Peter. "The Spectrum of Discourse: A Case Study Utilizing Critical Race Theory and Critical Discourse Analysis". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/338708.
Texto completoDelori, Mathias. "De la réconciliation franco-allemande à la "guerre des dieux" : analyse cognitive et discursive d’une politique publique volontariste d'éducation à la cause de la paix : l'Office franco-allemand pour la jeunesse". Grenoble 2, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347262.
Texto completoThe Franco-German Elysée Treaty (22. 01. 1963) created an organization that still exists today: the Franco-German Youth Office. Although the Office has been progressively marginalized, at one time it was a significant program. During the 1960's, it implemented a policy of mass youth exchange between the two countries. This policy is a reminder of the dream of European federalists to build a European "demos" through the socialization of a new generation. My doctoral dissertation relies on the so called "cognitive frames" in Policy Analysis to analyse the intellectual underpinnings of the Franco-German Youth Office program. I show that the actors agreed on a voluntarist policy narrative that forecasted the end of the old Franco-German antagonism after the development of such a mass youth exchange policy. Contrary to popular belief, the fact that the policy actors did believe in the project they were creating in 1963 was not and is not trivial. It allows us to understand how the Franco-German Youth Office spread political norms in its sphere of influence. Moreover, it explains the weight of this public policy on a larger scale. The Franco-German Youth Office program, itself politically utopian in its dream of a “fusion” between both countries, had actual consequences on Franco-German relations. Along with other symbolic constructions like the metaphor of the "Franco-German couple", to this day it still orients most Franco-German policies
Jacobs, Michelle Renee. "FRAMING PSEUDO-INDIAN MASCOTS: THE CASE OF CLEVELAND". [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1195261761.
Texto completoTitle from PDF t.p. (viewed June 26, 2008). Advisor: Elaine J. Hall. Keywords: Indian mascots; Racial inequalities; Framing; Content analysis. Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-124).
Coppry, Maïder. "Bon usage des antibiotiques à l’hôpital : analyse des causes profondes et indicateurs". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0324.
Texto completoExcessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics leads to individual and collective consequences, including antimicrobial resistance. Antibiotic stewardship programs are implemented in health care facilities (HCF) with contrasting results on antibiotic use, probably due to unidentified or unaccounted for local factors. These local factors could be explored using a specific tool for root cause analysis (RCA) of inappropriate use of antibiotics. The objectives of this thesis work were: 1) to identify the human (prescriber and patient) and organizational factors influencing antibiotic use to be included in an RCA tool; 2) to identify situations that are consequences of inappropriate antibiotic use and that are monitored in hospitals, which would be eligible for a RCA; and 3) to define relevant indicators to measure the effect of performing RCA on the appropriate use of antibiotics. Our literature review identified 34 factors influencing antibiotic use to be included in a RCA tool: six prescriber-related, ten patient-related and 18 organizational factors. Our second work showed that pharmacovigilance reports would detect the occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) following inappropriate antibiotic use. The study showed that half of the ADRs attributable to co-trimoxazole were preventable, of which 70% were serious, two thirds were not in compliance with the SPC, and 30% of the prescriptions were not justified. A third work showed that apart from exposure to carbapenems, exposure to β-lactam inactive on P. aeruginosa, molecules frequently used for empirical treatments in intensive care units, was a significant risk factor for the acquisition of carbapenem resistance. Thus, laboratory results could help identifying the acquisition of resistance resulting from inappropriate antibiotic use. Finally, our work on indicators consisted in comparing three indicators, based on antibiotic consumption, for HCF benchmarking: ANSM, AWaRe-like and ECDC indicators. Across all types of ES, all three indicators were correlated, with a stronger correlation between the ANSM and AWaRe-like indicators. According to HCF type, the indicators were not always correlated, resulting in differences in HCF ranking. Our results suggested the use of two complementary indicators: the ECDC indicator more reflective of antibiotic selection pressure and the AWaRe-like indicator more perceived as being related to the quality of the prescription. The next step will be to elaborate the RCA tool and implement it in different eligible situations to guide the choice of interventions to improve antibiotic use in hospitals. The usefulness of the new indicators to measure improvements resulting from interventions and their ability to be understood by local stakeholders should be assessed. Finally, beyond the use at hospital level, findings from our work will inform decision makers to guide national policies on appropriate use of antibiotics and to adapt national surveillance systems to include new relevant indicators
Mitchell, Kara. "Systemic Inequities in the Policy and Practice of Educating Secondary Bilingual Learners and their Teachers: a Critical Race Theory Analysis". Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1408.
Texto completoIn 2002, voters in Massachusetts passed a referendum, commonly referred to as "Question 2," requiring that, "All children in Massachusetts public schools shall be taught English by being taught in English and all children shall be placed in English language classrooms" (M.G.L.c.71A§4). This dissertation investigates the system of education for secondary bilingual learners and their teachers resulting from the passage of Question 2 by examining assumptions and ideologies about race, culture, and language across policy and practice. Drawing on critical race theory (CRT) and the construct of majoritarian stories, two distinct and complimentary analyses were conducted: a critical policy analysis of state level laws, regulations, and policy tools, and a critically conscious longitudinal case study of one teacher candidate who was prepared to work with bilingual learners and then taught bilingual learners during her first three years of teaching. The critical policy analysis, conducted as a frame analysis, exposes that legally sanctioned racism and linguicism are institutionalized and codified through Massachusetts state policy. Additionally, Massachusetts state policy consistently and strongly promotes four common majoritarian stories regarding the education of secondary bilingual learners and their teachers: there is no story about race, difference is deficit, meritocracy is appropriate, and English is all that matters. The longitudinal case study demonstrates the power of these majoritarian stories in classroom practice and how they limit the opportunities of bilingual learners and their teachers while also perpetuating institutionalized racism and linguicism. Taken together, the two analyses that make up this dissertation reveal a problematic system deeply affected by majoritarian stories that obscure the role white privilege and white normativity play in perpetuating issues of inequity for secondary bilingual learners and teachers. This dissertation argues that in order to disrupt institutionalized racism and linguicism, these stories must be consistently, proactively, and powerfully challenged across all levels of policy and practice
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2010
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Teacher Education, Special Education, Curriculum and Instruction
Blindu, Igor. "Outil d'aide au diagnostic du réseau d'eau potable pour la ville de Chisinau par analyse spatiale et temporelle des dysfonctionnements hydrauliques". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00779032.
Texto completoKaushal, Parvinder. "Analyse écophysiologique des effets de stress liés aux transplantations des arbres forestiers". Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10299.
Texto completoMorisot, Adeline. "Méthodes d’analyse de survie, valeurs manquantes et fractions attribuables temps dépendantes : application aux décès par cancer de la prostate". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTT010/document.
Texto completoThe term survival analysis refers to methods used for modeling the time of occurrence of one or more events taking censoring into account. The event of interest may be either the onset or the recurrence of a disease, or death. The causes of death may have missing values, a status that may be modeled by imputation methods. In the first section of this thesis we made a review of the methods used to deal with these missing data. Then, we detailed the procedures that enable multiple imputation of causes of death. We have developed these methods in a subset of the ERSPC (European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer), which studied screening and mortality for prostate cancer. We proposed a theoretical formulation of Rubin rules after a complementary log-log transformation to combine estimates of survival. In addition, we provided the related R code. In a second section, we presented the survival analysis methods, by proposing a unified writing based on the definitions of crude and net survival, while considering either all-cause or specific cause of death. This involves consideration of censoring which can then be informative. We considered the so-called traditional methods (Kaplan-Meier, Nelson-Aalen, Cox and parametric) methods of competing risks (considering a multistate model or a latent failure time model), methods called specific that are corrected using IPCW (Inverse Ponderation Censoring Weighting) and relative survival methods. The classical methods are based on a non-informative censoring assumption. When we are interested in deaths from all causes, this assumption is often valid. However, for a particular cause of death, other causes of death are considered as a censoring. In this case, censoring by other causes of death is generally considered informative. We introduced an approach based on the IPCW method to correct this informative censoring, and we provided an R function to apply this approach directly. All methods presented in this chapter were applied to datasets completed by multiple imputation. Finally, in a last part we sought to determine the percentage of deaths explained by one or more variables using attributable fractions. We presented the theoretical formulations of attributable fractions, time-independent and time-dependent that are expressed as survival. We illustrated these concepts using all the survival methods presented in section 2, and compared the results. Estimates obtained with the different methods were very similar
Moreno, Betancur Margarita. "Regression modeling with missing outcomes : competing risks and longitudinal data". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T076/document.
Texto completoMissing data are a common occurrence in medical studies. In regression modeling, missing outcomes limit our capability to draw inferences about the covariate effects of medical interest, which are those describing the distribution of the entire set of planned outcomes. In addition to losing precision, the validity of any method used to draw inferences from the observed data will require that some assumption about the mechanism leading to missing outcomes holds. Rubin (1976, Biometrika, 63:581-592) called the missingness mechanism MAR (for “missing at random”) if the probability of an outcome being missing does not depend on missing outcomes when conditioning on the observed data, and MNAR (for “missing not at random”) otherwise. This distinction has important implications regarding the modeling requirements to draw valid inferences from the available data, but generally it is not possible to assess from these data whether the missingness mechanism is MAR or MNAR. Hence, sensitivity analyses should be routinely performed to assess the robustness of inferences to assumptions about the missingness mechanism. In the field of incomplete multivariate data, in which the outcomes are gathered in a vector for which some components may be missing, MAR methods are widely available and increasingly used, and several MNAR modeling strategies have also been proposed. On the other hand, although some sensitivity analysis methodology has been developed, this is still an active area of research. The first aim of this dissertation was to develop a sensitivity analysis approach for continuous longitudinal data with drop-outs, that is, continuous outcomes that are ordered in time and completely observed for each individual up to a certain time-point, at which the individual drops-out so that all the subsequent outcomes are missing. The proposed approach consists in assessing the inferences obtained across a family of MNAR pattern-mixture models indexed by a so-called sensitivity parameter that quantifies the departure from MAR. The approach was prompted by a randomized clinical trial investigating the benefits of a treatment for sleep-maintenance insomnia, from which 22% of the individuals had dropped-out before the study end. The second aim was to build on the existing theory for incomplete multivariate data to develop methods for competing risks data with missing causes of failure. The competing risks model is an extension of the standard survival analysis model in which failures from different causes are distinguished. Strategies for modeling competing risks functionals, such as the cause-specific hazards (CSH) and the cumulative incidence function (CIF), generally assume that the cause of failure is known for all patients, but this is not always the case. Some methods for regression with missing causes under the MAR assumption have already been proposed, especially for semi-parametric modeling of the CSH. But other useful models have received little attention, and MNAR modeling and sensitivity analysis approaches have never been considered in this setting. We propose a general framework for semi-parametric regression modeling of the CIF under MAR using inverse probability weighting and multiple imputation ideas. Also under MAR, we propose a direct likelihood approach for parametric regression modeling of the CSH and the CIF. Furthermore, we consider MNAR pattern-mixture models in the context of sensitivity analyses. In the competing risks literature, a starting point for methodological developments for handling missing causes was a stage II breast cancer randomized clinical trial in which 23% of the deceased women had missing cause of death. We use these data to illustrate the practical value of the proposed approaches
Rousset, Alexandre. "Diagnostic de pannes dans les circuits logiques : Développement d'une méthode ciblant un ensemble élargi de modèles de fautes". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00282204.
Texto completoLa méthode de diagnostic développée est présentée dans ce manuscrit de manière progressive. Dans un premier temps, les modèles de fautes considérés sont analysés afin de dégager les conditions de sensibilisation. La deuxième partie est consacrée à la présentation globale de la méthode de diagnostic développée. Cette méthode utilise principalement une approche " Effet à Cause " basée sur le traçage de chemins critiques. La troisième partie présente l'amélioration de cette méthode pour la prise en compte de pannes à effets spécifiques. La dernière partie est consacrée à la validation de chaque étape de l'évolution de la méthode de diagnostic au travers de diverses expérimentations.
Barro, Golo Seydou. "Certification des causes de décès en Afrique : "Analyse de modèle au CHU Souro Sanou de Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso"". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5085/document.
Texto completoMortality statistics are basic data the WHO employs to measure health problems in different countries. However, their reliability depends on the quality of death data collected by different doctors. It appears, however, that over 25% African data are of no use because they are not available on time or lack quality. The main reason for this lack of information could be the nonperformance of data logging systems and tools. Our work aimed at investigating a death registration model taking into account both WHO's standards and the realities of Africa. We tried to understand if certification of death causes could improve mortality statistics production in Africa. Our methodology was based on a combination of interventional research, project process, and an epidemiological approach. The study resulted in the design and implementation of a three scenarios model, depending on ICT equipment and qualified staff level of health care facilities. The system has been validated and implemented in the University Hospital of Bobo Dioulasso. All the actors were trained and the device operates since January 1st, 2014, after the training of the actors. A first evaluation of the model was performed after three months of operation. The establishment of a monitoring committee and of an annual training plan, the involvement of the Ministry of Health and of the West African Health Organization, the technical assistance of CepiDc (France) and of the General Directorate for Modernization of Civil Status, are elements of appropriation, sustainability and hope. However, deaths registration outside hospitals remains an active challenge