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Xinyi, Ma y Hua Jing. "Humanity in Science Fiction Movies: A Comparative Analysis of Wandering Earth, The Martian and Interstellar". International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 4, n.º 1 (30 de enero de 2021): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2021.4.1.20.
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Wandering Earth, released in 2019, is regarded as a phenomenal film that opens the door to Chinese science fiction movies. The Chinese story in the film has aroused the resonance of domestic audiences, but failed to get high marks on foreign film review websites. In contrast, in recent years, science fiction films in European and American countries are still loved by audiences at home and abroad, such as The Martian and Interstellar, which have both commercial and artistic values. It can be seen that the cultural communication of western science fiction movies is more successful than that of China. Taking the above three works as examples, this paper analyzes the doomsday plot, the beauty of returning home and the role shaping of scientific women in science fiction movies from the perspective of the organic combination of “hard-core elements of science fiction” and “soft value in humanity”, in an attempt to help the foreign cultural communication of domestic science fiction movies. As an attempt to facilitate the global development of Chinese science fiction, this paper concludes that certain Chinese traditional cultural spirit needs further spreading, that Chinese science fiction and humanity should be combined in a more natural way, and that in particular, female character need in depth and multi-dimensional interpretation.
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Kamran, Rubina y Asma Zahoor. "The Portrayal of Pakistani Diaspora Students in Shamsies Fiction". Global Language Review IV, n.º II (31 de diciembre de 2019): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2019(iv-ii).12.
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Going to the advanced countries for higher education has been in vogue for long. There is a considerable rise in the number of international students in USA universities. This paper explores how Shamsie portrays interaction among international students. It is delimited to the analysis of Shamsies two novels: Salt and Saffron, and Kartoghraphy applying textual analysis as a research method. The insight gained through this research about friendship among international students is in keeping with the findings of the psychological research about three predictable patterns of friendship: friendship with the students of ones own country, friendship with other foreign students and friendship with students of the host country. In Kartoghraphy all three patterns of friendship are found while in Salt and Saffron only a strong bond of friendship between a Pakistani international student and her American counterpart is portrayed. Shamsie presents easy assimilation of Pakistani diaspora students.
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KOVTUN, Elena. "SLAVIC SCIENCE FICTION AND FANTASY IN INTERFACULTY COURSES AT LOMONOSOV MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY (2013-2020)". Ezikov Svyat volume 20 issue 3, ezs.swu.v20i3 (20 de octubre de 2022): 422–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.13.
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The article shares the author’s experience of teaching interfaculty science fiction (sci-fi) and fantasy lecture courses at Lomono-sov Moscow State University, attended by students of all departments. In the period between 2013 and 2020 six such courses were taught, the number of students varying from 250 to 450 each. The courses comprised sci-fi and fantasy theory, sci-fi and fantasy status among other types of fiction narratives, the main stages of Russian and foreign sci-fi and fantasy history, the creative activity of outstanding sci-fi and fantasy writers of the 20th and 21st centuries. Apart from the Russian, West European and North American writers, works by East European (Slavic) authors were thoroughly examined. The article contains neat observations on the degree of Slavic sci-fi and fantasy writers’ popularity among young Russian readers and on the most inter-esting fiction texts for students. The data obtained through the analysis of the students’ assignments comprise their answers to the questions about their favorite sci-fi writers and books lists, on the reasons of certain fantastic worlds’ attractiveness, on their preferences in sci-fi or fantasy. The article also clarifies the principles of writers and their works selection for the lecture cours-es, it characterizes the creative activity of Slavic writers and reveals the interrelation between Slavic writers’ fiction works and the general scope of problems discussed at interfaculty sci-fi lecture courses. Taking into account the students’ interest in works by Karel Čapek, Stanislaw Lem, Andrzej Sapkowski and other Slavic authors, we suggest some ideas about the potential structure of a specialized lecture course focusing on science fiction and fantasy in Slavic countries.
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Lozano, Jose Carlos. "From Parochialism to Cosmopolitanism in the American Audiovisual Supply? Netflix’s New Releases of Television Fiction in the United States and their Geographical Diversity". Anagramas Rumbos y Sentidos de la Comunicación 20, n.º 40 (19 de mayo de 2022): 200–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.22395/angr.v20n40a9.
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The supply of films and TV series in the United States has been historically dominated by national programming produced by its powerful media conglomerates, significantly limiting the diversity and plurality of choices for their American viewers. Netflix and other video-on-demandplatforms are changing this situation, significantly increasing the availability in the United States of fiction produced in different regions of the world, potentially exposing their subscribers to new narrative styles, scenarios, ethnicities, nationalities, languages, and cultural features. This study, based on the methodology of content analysis, analyzes the geographical origin and production type of new Netflix scripted television releases in the United States from January 2017 to June 2018 and discusses their potential relevance in broadening the degree of geographical diversity among American subscribers to the platform. The paper concludes that while Netflix USA substantially increased the supply of foreign television series in its catalog during that period, a sizeable part of the imports came from countries with high degrees of “cultural proximity” with the United States. The article concludes by discussing the possible “Americanization” of foreign audiovisual productions, formats, and genres bought or produced by Netflix.
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Belov, S. y A. Zhidchenko. "The image of the phantom threat to children by the United States in Soviet historical cinema of the cold war period". Journal of Political Research 4, n.º 1 (27 de marzo de 2020): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-6295-2020-25-37.
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The presented study is devoted to studying the practice of constructing the image of a phantom threat to children from the side of an external enemy through historical discourse in the cinema of the USSR and the USA during the Cold War. The aim of this work is to identify common and specific features in the approaches of filmmakers of the two countries to the formation of the image of a phantom threat for children from the side of an external enemy. The research methodology is built on the basis of a combination of historical genetic, comparative and descriptive, as well as content analysis. The author comes to the conclusion that in American films the historical texture in the framework of creating the image of the “Soviet threat” was used only occasionally. For the most part, the relevant plots were included in the cinematic description of actual military conflicts (for example, the war in Afghanistan), the futurological conflict of America and the USSR, or their confrontation in line with an alternative history. Soviet filmmakers were limited in terms of positioning the "American threat" by a series of unspoken rules. For example, the violent behavior of American characters toward children was described primarily verbally. Filmmakers from the United States had more freedom in terms of visualizing violence against children and adolescents. In addition, Americans could more freely and widely disclose the topic of “crimes” attributed to the Soviet side in the context of actual military conflicts. The presence of the indicated restrictions forced Soviet filmmakers to actively turn to historical subjects. However, the specifics of the origin of the basis of the corresponding narrative, which was played by foreign fiction, largely leveled its effectiveness from a political point of view. The literary sources of Soviet films were originally created by American writers for US citizens, whereby their content was saturated with positive images of America and its inhabitants. The latter often concerned the positioning of childhood, especially in a nostalgic manner. A natural consequence of this was the erosion of the negative images promoted by filmmakers. The theoretical significance of the work lies in summarizing the image of the phantom threat to children by the United States in Soviet historical cinema of the cold war period.
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Dmitrieva, T. A. "Evolution of the representation of folk artistic culture in cinema". Northern Archives and Expeditions 4, n.º 4 (25 de diciembre de 2020): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31806/2542-1158-2020-4-4-21-28.
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In the presented article, the features of the reflection of folk art culture in the cinema are considered. The author examines films that reflect the folk art culture of the American Indians, Udege, meadow mari, residents of the village of Palekh, as well as the folk art culture of the colonial countries, China and Japan. This article examines the films of both foreign and Russian directors, as the author refers to global trends in cinema. The author identifies several stages, considering the evolution of folk art culture, starting from films of the early twentieth century and ending with modern cinematography: “Folk art culture in early films. Ethnographic cinematography”, “Criticism of the urban industrial space in the cinema of the 20s. XX century»,»Colonial cinema», «Postcolonial cinema», «Cultural appropriation», «Orientalism», «Transnational culture in the postmodern era», «Cinematography of the metamodern». Based on the material of Russian and foreign films, the author notes that folk art culture is manifested in both documentary and fiction cinematography. The author concludes that folk art culture was reflected in the cinema at every stage of its historical development. The author notes that in modern cinema the topic of folk art culture has not simply lost its relevance, but has become one of the most relevant trends in connection with the processes of glocalization in the culture of the 21st century. Each stage considered by the author has its own specific features and reasons for the display of folk art culture. The article describes the main ways of representing folk art culture in cinema – folklore, traditional textiles, embroidery, folk songs.
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Багаутдинова, Гульзада Гадульяновна. "The Frigate Pallada by I. A. Goncharov as a Literary Monument of Artistic Ethnology". ТРАДИЦИОННАЯ КУЛЬТУРА, n.º 5 (10 de diciembre de 2019): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26158/tk.2019.20.5.015.
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Жанровая природа «Фрегата “Паллада”» И. А. Гончарова сложна и эклектична. Несмотря на ее мозаичность, структура текста отличается четкостью, она выверена и хорошо продумана. В этом произведении повествуется о разных странах, континентах, а также населяющих их народах и этносах. В статье рассматривается одна из глав книги с точки зрения художественно-этнологического дискурса: автор-повествователь описывает нравы, род занятий, этнические особенности китайского народа, но делает это весьма живо, занимательно, эмоционально, т. е. на художественном уровне. Основным композиционным принципом произведения «Фрегат “Паллада”» становится сопоставление: выявляются сходные и отличительные признаки китайского и других этносов (американцев, англичан, русских). Кроме того, показаны и этнические особенности разных групп китайцев (китайцы Шанхая, Гонконга, Сингапура). В результате сопоставительного анализа автор приходит к выводу, что глава «Шанхай» написана большим писателем-беллетристом, не документалистом: Гончаров использует художественные приемы, определившие своеобразие его художественного мира, в том числе и романного (разнообразные ритмообразующие факторы; изящные и тонкие проявления комического начала; «архитектурную» структурированность; четкую и аргументированную авторскую позицию; гуманизм). The genre nature of The Frigate "Pallada" by Ivan Goncharov is complex and eclectic. Despite its mosaic character, the structure of the text looks precise and elaborate. The novel tells about foreign countries, continents, and nations living there. The paper focuses on one chapter of the novel; its artistic ethnology is regarded. The author-narrator depicts customs, occupations, and ethnic peculiarities of the Chinese people in a vivid, amusing, emotional way thus providing an artistic level of the description. The main principle of plot structure is the one of comparison: similar and peculiar features of the Chinese and other nations (Americans, Englishmen, Russians) are defined. Moreover, ethnic peculiarities of various groups among the Chinese are displayed (people of Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Singapore). Summing up the comparative analysis, the author concludes that the chapter entitled Shanghai seems to be written by a belletrist rather than by a documentary writer. Ivan Goncharov resorts to artistic devices typical of his fiction and novels (a variety of rhythm making factors; graceful and subtle manifestations of the comic; architectural structure; author’s viewpoint, well-grounded and precise; humanism)
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Bratsberg, Bernt y Dek Terrell. "Where Do Americans Live Abroad?" International Migration Review 30, n.º 3 (septiembre de 1996): 788–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839603000307.
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This article examines the factors that influence emigration of U.S. citizens. Data from a 1993 survey administered by the U.S. Department of State as part of an evacuation requirements report form the basis for the empirical analysis. The empirical analysis explains the distribution of U.S. citizens residing in 65 foreign countries in terms of economic and political characteristics of the foreign states. The study finds that U.S. citizens are more likely to reside in rich and close countries than in distant and poor countries and that the foreign country's ties to the U.S. immigrant population and the use of the English language are important determinants of where Americans settle abroad. Political conditions and U.S. military presence also influence the choice of foreign residence.
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Khalidi, Omar. "Ethnic Groups and U.S. Foreign Policy". American Journal of Islam and Society 6, n.º 1 (1 de septiembre de 1989): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v6i1.2700.
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Collections of essays or articles do not often get reviewed in scholarlyjournals. One reason why these books are bypassed by reviewers is the absenceof a running theme in the volumes. The book under review fortunately doeshave a connecting theme: the efforts of various ethnic Americans to influenceforeign policy on behalf of countries or commuruties. The examples mostfamiliar to political scientists are those of Jewish Americans for Israel andAfro-Americans for South African Blacks. Three contributors focus on theMiddle East, two on central America, and one each on South Africa, PoJand,and Ireland. The major conclusion of the book seems to be that cohesiveethnic groups canvassing on behalf of single countries (Jews for Israel) arelikely to be most successful, whereas Arab Americans or Blacks trying toinfluence U.S. foreign policy on a whole block of countries in the MiddleEast or Africa are less likely to be successful. The editor, Mohammad Ahrari,has written a very insightful conclusion, and. as with his other books (OPEC,the Failing Giant, and The Dynamics of Oil Diplomacy) has broken new groundin the emerging field of ethnic influences on foreign policies. One hopesthat he will be able to give attention to the cases of lobbies like those ofthe Greeks, Armenians, Sikhs and Asian Indian Muslims settled in America ...
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Page, Benjamin I., Julia Rabinovich y David G. Tully. "How Americans Feel About Asian Countries and Why". Journal of East Asian Studies 8, n.º 1 (abril de 2008): 29–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1598240800005087.
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Americans' feelings about foreign countries are embedded in foreign policy belief systems and affect policy preferences. The analysis of nine surveys of the US general public conducted between 1978 and 2006 indicates that on average Americans have had rather lukewarm or slightly cool, nearly neutral, feelings toward China, India, South Korea, Taiwan, and Indonesia; warm feelings toward Japan and Australia; and cold feelings toward North Korea and (at least since 2001) toward Pakistan and Afghanistan.Individuals' feelings are affected by certain personal and social characteristics. High levels of formal education tend to make people feel considerably warmer toward most of these countries—especially Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India. Education increases information: those who know more about the world generally express warmer feelings. But most important are internationalist attitudes, especially putting a relatively low priority on US domestic threats and concerns, embracing capitalism and world markets, and espousing world antipoverty goals. National security considerations play only a limited part. Policy implications are discussed.
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Poston, Dudley L. "Patterns of Economic Attainment of Foreign-Born Male Workers in the United States". International Migration Review 28, n.º 3 (septiembre de 1994): 478–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839402800303.
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This article is concerned with the economic attainment patterns of foreign-born male workers in the United States in 1980. The economic attainment patterns of males born in 92 countries of the world are examined and are compared among themselves, as well as among the seven principal U.S.-born groups of Anglos, Afro-American, Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cuban Americans, Asian Americans, and American Indians. For all foreign-born groups, the article examines the degree to which such individual-level factors as educational attainment, labor market experience, and so forth account for their variation in economic attainment. We conclude that although microlevel characteristics are not the complete answer, they are important for most foreign-born populations in explaining their variation in earnings.
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Kang, Yeong Seon, Eunji Huh y Mi-Hee Lim. "Effects of Foreign Directors’ Nationalities and Director Types on Corporate Philanthropic Behavior: Evidence from Korean Firms". Sustainability 11, n.º 11 (3 de junio de 2019): 3132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113132.
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Addressing the fact that there are few studies exploring the relationship between board characteristics and corporate social responsibility (CSR) in non-Western contexts, this study examines the relationship in South Korean corporate contexts. We concentrate on foreign directors as a board attribute, which is reported as a remarkable change in Korean corporate boards, and propose that foreign directors have different impacts on CSR investment depending on their nationality (Anglo-Americans vs. non-Anglo-Americans) and director types (insiders vs. outsiders). In detail, the presence of directors from Anglo-American countries (e.g., the United States, the United Kingdom) decreases firms’ CSR involvement, whereas the presence of directors from non-Anglo-American countries (e.g., France, Germany) increases firms’ CSR involvement. Moreover, the effects of Anglo-Americans on CSR are strengthened when they are inside (rather than outside) directors. Empirical analyses using a sample of 1828 Korean firms from 2002 to 2015 provide evidence to support the predictions. This study theoretically contributes to CSR and corporate governance literature in that it sheds light on the CSR in non-Western companies and reveals varied effects of foreign directors contingent upon their individual attributes. It also has practical implications for policymakers and corporate managers by providing insights of the changes generated by foreign members in a boardroom.
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TOMZ, MICHAEL y JESSICA L. P. WEEKS. "Public Opinion and Foreign Electoral Intervention". American Political Science Review 114, n.º 3 (14 de abril de 2020): 856–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055420000064.
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Foreign electoral intervention is an increasingly important tool for influencing politics in other countries, yet we know little about when citizens would tolerate or condemn foreign efforts to sway elections. In this article, we use experiments to study American public reactions to revelations of foreign electoral intervention. We find that even modest forms of intervention polarize the public along partisan lines. Americans are more likely to condemn foreign involvement, lose faith in democracy, and seek retaliation when a foreign power sides with the opposition, than when a foreign power aids their own party. At the same time, Americans reject military responses to electoral attacks on the United States, even when their own political party is targeted. Our findings suggest that electoral interference can divide and weaken an adversary without provoking the level of public demand for retaliation typically triggered by conventional military attacks.
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Shah, Pratima. "Jhumpa Lahiri’s World of Fiction". SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 8, n.º 2 (28 de febrero de 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v8i2.10418.
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Jhumpa Lahiri is one of the most dynamic and enthusiastic writers among her contemporaries, She is definitely blessed with rare kind of art which she has achieved by virtue of her incessant labour and courage. Although she was born and brought up in the foreign countries, her attachment with India and the Indians became indispensable, which can easily be noticed all through her work. Lahiri subsequently developed her own technicalities, which she deployed in her fictional works. She is heartily associated with Indian culture and traditions, and this is the real cause for her huge popularity and fame.
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Powers, Kathleen E., Joshua D. Kertzer, Deborah J. Brooks y Stephen G. Brooks. "What’s Fair in International Politics? Equity, Equality, and Foreign Policy Attitudes". Journal of Conflict Resolution 66, n.º 2 (29 de septiembre de 2021): 217–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220027211041393.
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How do concerns about fairness shape foreign policy preferences? In this article, we show that fairness has two faces—one concerning equity, the other concerning equality—and that taking both into account can shed light on the structure of important foreign policy debates. Fielding an original survey on a national sample of Americans, we show that different types of Americans think about fairness in different ways, and that these fairness concerns shape foreign policy preferences: individuals who emphasize equity are far more sensitive to concerns about burden sharing, are far less likely to support US involvement abroad when other countries aren’t paying their fair share, and often support systematically different foreign policies than individuals who emphasize equality. As long as IR scholars focus only on the equality dimension of fairness, we miss much about how fairness concerns matter in world politics.
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ISERNIA, PIERANGELO y PHILIP P. EVERTS. "Partners Apart? The Foreign Policy Attitudes of the American and European Publics". Japanese Journal of Political Science 5, n.º 2 (noviembre de 2004): 229–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109904001501.
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It is often argued today that a deep and troublesome gap across the Atlantic has been developing and that Europeans and Americans no longer share the same view of the world. On the basis of data gathered in the 2002 Transatlantic Trends Survey, held in the USA and six European countries, this article assesses whether there is indeed such a gap at the mass level. It focuses on three major dimensions of world views: (1) perceptions of threats (2) the sense of affinity with other countries in terms of allies, friends or foes, and (3) attitudes toward the use of force, both in general and in specific circumstances, more particularly the war over Iraq. It concludes that European publics in 2002 looked at the world in a way that is rather similar to that of many ordinary Americans including harbouring deep reservations about the conduct of certain aspects of U.S. foreign policy. Both publics share fundamental worldviews. On Iraq, Europeans and Americans agreed in some respects (such as the necessary role of the UN) but disagreed on other. In many respects at the mass level the differences across the Atlantic are of degree, and not fundamental. They result from disaffection with the present administration rather than with US policies in general. Moreover, the alleged European ‘anti-Americanism’ is a misnomer, which hides the considerable sympathies and warm feelings towards America, and the perceived common interests and values.
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Coder, Megan. "Book Review: Japanese Americans: The History and Culture of a People". Reference & User Services Quarterly 58, n.º 2 (18 de enero de 2019): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.58.2.6947.
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Japanese Americans: The History and Culture of a People is a single-volume comprehensive resource that addresses many aspects of Japanese American history and culture, and “reveals the long, hard, and aching struggling of Japanese Americans to be treated as Americans” (xiii–xiv). Editor Jonathan H. X. Lee begins the preface with a brief overview of Executive Order 9066 authorized by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1942, which enforced a mass incarceration and relocation of approximately 120,000 Japanese Americans. Lee compares this to the modern-day Executive Order 13769, “Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States” issued by President Donald Trump, which is the travel ban that prevents seven Muslim-majority countries from entry into the United States.
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Doherty, David, Amanda Clare Bryan, Dina Hanania y Matthew Pajor. "The Public’s Foreign Aid Priorities: Evidence from a Conjoint Experiment". American Politics Research 48, n.º 5 (15 de julio de 2020): 635–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532673x20939925.
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Foreign aid is one of the few areas where Americans say the government should spend less. We leverage a unique conjoint experiment to assess how characteristics of an aid package, as well as characteristics of the targeted country, affect public support. We find that people are far more inclined to support economic aid than military aid and are disinclined to provide aid to undemocratic countries. We also find that people are more averse to providing aid—particularly economic aid—to countries in the “greater Middle East” than those countries’ other characteristics would suggest. These effects are comparable to those associated with substantial increases in the cost of the aid package, suggesting that public wariness of foreign aid is not rooted in a fundamental aversion to spending in this domain. Our findings offer new insights into the contours of public opinion regarding foreign aid.
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Azmi, Alia. "PEMILIHAN PRESIDEN INDONESIA 2014 DI MEDIA ASING (Studi Kasus New York Times)". Humanus 13, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2014): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jh.v13i1.4100.
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The increasing intensity of international relations and globalization has spurred interests in local events of not only domestic audience but also foreign audience. Some events have become the interest of the public in other countries that the foreign media publish news about the events. The media cover events in a foreign country because the events will influence the government’s foreign policy toward that country. Presidential election leads to the replacement of a country’s leader. Meanwhile, a country’s international relations and foreign policy are influenced by decision making individual such as state and government leader. Personalities, perceptions, activities, and leadership style of the leader influence foreign policy of a country, therefore different leader will make different foreign policy. Indonesian presidential election is covered by foreign media particularly those in countries with good relations with Indonesia. Some Americans pay attention to Indonesian presidential election because it will affect the two countries’ bilateral relation. The New York Times, the most referred print and digital media by American foreign policy makers, also covered the election. Covering the two presidential candidates’ background, the New York Times encouraged the American government to cooperate fully with whoever would be elected, and continue good relation with Indonesia.Key words: foreign media coverage, foreign policy, Indonesia presidential election
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Bettauer, Ronald J. "Settlement of the Claims of Individuals by Their Countries". Korean Journal of International and Comparative Law 3, n.º 1 (4 de junio de 2015): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134484-12340046.
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A nation can settle the claims of its citizens against a foreign government. The injury must have been an internationally wrongful act by another State and the injured citizen must have been a national of the espousing state. Generally, a claim may not be espoused unless the “local remedies” rule is satisfied. The United States has a long history of settling individual claims against foreign countries by international agreements. The Supreme Court has upheld this practice. The Peace Treaty with Japan contains a mutual waiver of claims. Yet Americans who had been forced to work as slave laborers for Japanese companies filed lawsuits. The u.s. executive branch and courts held that their claims had been settled. Certain Holocaust claims were resolved under a new format. Thus, creative approaches to resolving claims are available outside the normal legal framework.
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Maltseva, Olha. "School Mediation Service: Experience of Foreign Countries and Ukraine". Bulletin of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University 1, n.º 6 (344) (2021): 188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2844-2021-6(344)-1-188-196.
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The article, based on the analysis of foreign and domestic scientific sources, attempts to summarize the experience of school mediation services in foreign countries and analyze the state and prospects of such technology of socio-pedagogical work with school conflicts in Ukrainian educational institutions. It has been established that school mediation exists in many countries of the world: Australia, New Zealand, the USA, Great Britain, Germany, Finland, Russia, Belarus and others. But the models of functioning of school mediation services have certain differences. In those countries where the traditions of indigenous peoples have been preserved (Native Americans in America, Maori tribes in New Zealand), the neighborhood (community) model of school mediation is popular. Professional mediation is more common in European countries, when specialists (lawyers, judges, psychologists) are turned to for help in resolving conflicts. Working with young offenders, restorative practices, peer mediation and multicultural mediation are popular. It was found that in Ukraine the first attempt to operate mediation services at school was made in Odessa in 2001. The introduction of school mediation is mainly carried out through the School Reconciliation Service. They use restorative practices in their activities and operate on the principle of "peer to peer". Today, the activity of these services has not become a mass phenomenon in domestic educational institutions, but remains an innovation, the spread of which is constrained by a number of reasons.
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Geng, Qinying. "Research on the theme selection of Chinese films in the new environment". SHS Web of Conferences 181 (2024): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202418101021.
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This selection is important because the film is a good way for the country to show itself to foreign countries. China’s progress can be shown to foreign countries through improvements in film production, and it can also reduce some high-cost low-income films and make the direction of film development clearer. The comparative analysis method is used to analyze the paper more comprehensively and focused. It is found that the film needs to be richer in macro construction and less in narrative and lyrical storytelling. Because science fiction films need to be more well-made for the imagination of the wide world, China is still too conservative and wants to add a sense of home and country to the film, which is sometimes counterproductive. This paper goes from comparing the two films to analyzing the success and failure of similar films to the problems and suggestions encountered in developing science fiction films in China. Hopefully, it can play some role in Chinese films’ development direction and methods.
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Zhang, Yin Hui y Qin Yan. "The Research Progress of BIM Technology from International View and the Development Experience". Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (diciembre de 2014): 1602–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.1602.
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BIM technology is the hot issues on construction engineering project development and application in and abroad currently. BIM technology had been widely developed in foreign countries after the Americans brought up the BIM concept in the 1970s. They had got good results in the actual application as well as many valuable achievements and experience. We focused on the present situation and application of BIM technology from the international view, and then we summarized the trend of the studies on the application of BIM technology in foreign countries. We have tried to provide a new revelation on construction projects of BIM technology in our country by the comprehensive cognition. They got the thought of experiences and the application train.
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Chusna, Aidatul y Erni Dewi Riyanti. "ON BEING MUSLIM AMERICANS". Indonesian Journal of Interdisciplinary Islamic Studies 3, n.º 2 (25 de marzo de 2020): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/ijiis.vol3.iss2.art2.
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The arrival of immigrants from various countries and continents to America has become part of a very long history for this country. In fact, the United States was founded by group of immigrants. History accounts the arrival of Muslim immigrants in America in several waves; nonetheless, Islam and Muslims remained foreign for American people. For Muslim Immigrants, the tragedy of September 11 (2001) had profoundly impacted them. They endure prejudices, discrimination, verbal abuse, and hate crimes due to the increasing Islamophobia among American society. The study highlights a group of young Muslims known as Mipsterz (Muslim Hipsters) and examines how Mipsterz becomes a site for negotiating identity as a Muslim American. Started as a small group of Muslim youngsters from New York City in 2012, Mipsterz develops into a space for minorities to speak up and define themselves through their creative works. Unluckily, along with the growing number of white supremacists, Islamophobia and negative stereotypes are keep growing and felt by Muslim Americans, even among American-born Muslim generations. Mipsterz aims to keep producing stories and marginalized voices to the fore front of American public, as its members do not want to be identified either Muslims or Americans; they are Muslim Americans.
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Page, Susan. "U.S. Race Relations and Foreign Policy". Michigan Journal of Race & Law, n.º 26.0 (2021): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36643/mjrl.26.sp.us.
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It is easy for Americans to think that the world’s most egregious human rights abuses happen in other countries. In reality, our history is plagued by injustices, and our present reality is still stained by racism and inequality. While the Michigan Journal of International Law usually publishes only pieces with a global focus, we felt it prudent in these critically important times not to shy away from the problems facing our own country. We must understand our own history before we can strive to form a better union, whether the union be the United States or the United Nations. Ambassador Susan Page is an American diplomat who has faced human rights crises both at home and abroad. We found her following call to action inspiring. We hope you do too.
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SANTOS, MARIA HELENA DE CASTRO y ULYSSES TAVARES TEIXEIRA. "Interests and Values in Obama's foreign Policy: Leading from Behind?" Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional 58, n.º 2 (diciembre de 2015): 119–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7329201500207.
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Abstract This study will exam the relative importance of values and interests in Obama's foreign policy, focusing on crucial cases: the military actions related to Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Non-Syria, Al-Qaeda and ISIL. We will argue that his "leading from behind" strategy is not very distant from the foreign and defense strategies of his post-Cold War predecessors, by which democracy is seen as an assurance to security. According to Obama's strategy, Americans will only provide support for the building of democracy in the target countries, while this task should be performed by the locals themselves. Americans will provide military training to the new governments as well so they can be responsible for their own security, including preventing regrouping of terrorists in their soil. If Obama opposes the imposing of democracy by the use of force, empirical data shows that his administration is "not prepared to accept" any option that threats US security or American liberal-democratic values, bringing in this way values and interests very close to each other.
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Leach, Antwain y Sajid Hussain. "Foreign Policy Attitudes of the Black Talented Tenth". National Review of Black Politics 1, n.º 2 (abril de 2020): 271–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nrbp.2020.1.2.271.
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Do Talented Tenth and non–Talented Tenth Blacks support moral and socially conscious US foreign policies to the same degree? Utilizing a 2010 national sample from the Chicago Council on Global Affairs, we find statistical evidence that members of the Talented Tenth are more likely than other Blacks to support America’s role to combat global hunger and to provide economic aid to assist needy countries in developing their economies. An examination of the foreign policy attitudes of the Black Talented Tenth is an important undertaking because it provides insight into what our expectations should be for rising African Americans as more of them enter into its ranks. Should we expect the next generation of African Americans to be more conscientious as they increasingly assume the mantles of leadership and responsibility? The results in this article lay bare the enormous work the present generation of Black educators must undertake to ensure the next generation are ready to do so. By observing the internationalist attitudes of the present Talented Tenth, especially as those attitudes relate to creating a more just, equitable, and harmonious world, it is possible to find ways to critically engage and help the next generation to provide the type of leadership necessary to make a positive difference.
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Lee, Jennifer, Karthick Ramakrishnan y Janelle Wong. "Accurately Counting Asian Americans Is a Civil Rights Issue". ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 677, n.º 1 (25 de abril de 2018): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716218765432.
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Asian Americans are the fastest-growing group in the United States, increasing from 0.7 percent in 1970 to nearly 6 percent in 2016. The U.S. Census Bureau projects that by 2065, Asian Americans will constitute 14 percent of the U.S. population. Immigration is fueling this growth: China and India have passed Mexico as the top countries sending immigrants to the United States since 2013. Today, two of three Asian Americans are foreign born—a figure that increases to nearly four of five among Asian American adults. The rise in numbers is accompanied by a rise in diversity: Asian Americans are the most diverse U.S. racial group, comprising twenty-four detailed origins with vastly different migration histories and socioeconomic profiles. In this article, we explain how the unique characteristics of Asian Americans affect their patterns of ethnic and racial self-identification, which, in turn, present challenges for accurately counting this population. We conclude by discussing policy ramifications of our findings, and explain why data disaggregation is a civil rights issue.
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Babina, Agata. "Flash Fiction Story, an Authentic Text for Literacy Development in Spanish as a Foreign Language". Sustainable Multilingualism 21, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2022): 197–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sm-2022-0018.
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Summary The present study is based on flash fiction texts as a tool for literacy. Literacy has been highlighted as one of the main ideas in the new Educational Standard of Latvia (in force since September 2020). This fact, followed by Solvita Berra’s recent research on original texts in foreign language teaching, leads to the exploration of flash fiction stories (sp. microrrelatos) as an authentic text and a perfect tool for promoting literacy in the Spanish as a foreign language (ELE) classroom, since it blends perfectly with a variety of creative writing exercises. The flash fiction is a narrative genre that has had a great impact on the Spanish academic field in recent decades. The introduction of flash fiction in the ELE classroom has so far been proposed in several master’s dissertations, but its research at a scientific level is still very scarce. The benefits of the introduction of this literary genre in didactics have been treated at the doctoral thesis level by Belén Mateos Blanco (University of Valladolid) and later published in the manual “The flash fiction as a didactic tool in the teaching of ELE”, and few others. However, flash fiction stories are good socio-cultural references and serve both, for the teaching of different literary, linguistic and sociocultural aspects, as well as for the promotion of literacy. In addition, they represent a great variety of Spanish, since they have been written by authors from almost all Spanish-speaking countries. The empirical part of the article presents two didactic Units developed based on the use of flash fiction stories for the A1–A2 and B1 Spanish acquisition level. These two units form part of a 20-unit didactic material created as a result of a doctoral thesis. Here published proposal has been proved in the classwork with University of Liepaja students of the 1st and 2nd year of Spanish studies.
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Adinolfi, Roberto. "Some Interpretations of Foreign Literature during the Epoch of Socialism". Scientific knowledge - autonomy, dependence, resistance 29, n.º 2 (30 de mayo de 2020): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v29i2.20.
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This paper will focus on some Bulgarian translations of works by foreign writers that were published during the epoch of Socialism. Throughout this period several works by authors from territories such as Latin America, Western Europe and the USA were translated into the languages of the Eastern European countries; some of them do not seem to fit the criteria of the Socialism realism: this is the case of genres such as science fiction or fantasy. Authors such as Alejo Carpentier, Julio Cortázar, Mario Vargas Llosa, Gabriel García Márquez, the Italian writers Italo Calvino, Dino Buzzati and many others have been translated into languages such as Bulgarian and Russian. Many of them do not deal mainly with social and political themes, and some of them (for instance Dino Buzzati) are even highly critical towards doctrines such as Marxism. However, in the forewords of some of the Bulgarian translations of their works we can find political and social interpretations. Similar interpretations can also be found in science fiction works and in non-literary works, such as books devoted to practices such as Yoga, which in some books is analyzed from a Marxist point of view.
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Kawabata, Takako. "English Language Teachers in South Korea: Issues of Whiteness and Native-speakerness". Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics 4, n.º 4 (26 de noviembre de 2022): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jeltal.2022.4.4.12.
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This paper examines the status and identity of teachers of English as a foreign language in South Korea. In many parts of the world, English is taught as a second, foreign, or additional language. The status of native and non-native English-speaking teachers is debated often. However, the dichotomy is not as straightforward as it might appear because the difference between native and non-native speakers does not sufficiently describe the identities, linguistic abilities, and teaching skills that those teachers possess. Cho (2012) described two critical considerations for male Korean-American teachers of English in South Korea: (1) linguistic capital and the ideal of native English speakers in Asian countries and (2) the social status and identity of Asian-Americans as members of minority groups in the United States. In order to transcend the idealisation of the West and to support learners and teachers in South Korea, this paper discusses issues of whiteness and native-speakerness in relation to the two issues that Cho described by examining the backgrounds and characteristics of Korean Americans as well as English-as-a-foreign-language education in South Korea. In addition, the paper discusses the teaching experience and the abilities of English teachers. The analysis identifies the benefits and risks of commodifying linguistic capital. The findings contribute to the developments of English-language education not only in East Asian countries but also in the rapidly globalising world of the modern age, in which English competence is more valuable than ever.
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Jagvir Dixit y Deldan Namgial. "Anthropometry of Farm Workers of Kashmir Region of India for Equipment Design". Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) 49, n.º 2 (19 de febrero de 2024): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/jae2012492.1472.
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Anthropometric data (25 body dimensions, relevant to design of farm machinery) of 610 farm workers was collected from Kashmir region of India. The comparison between the Kashmir region data and different regions of India and six foreign countries is presented. There were significant differences in weight, stature and other body dimensions between the populations. Kashmiri women were taller by 31 mm as compared to south Indian female workers, but had differences in hand length. No differences existed between stature eye height, hand length and inside grip diameter among females from Kashmir and North-eastern regions. Kashmiri women were heavier and fatter as compared to other selected regions of the country. Indian men were shorter by 75 mm as compared to Americans. The muscular strength (elbow flexion) of Indian workers was lower (241 N) as compared to Americans (270.7 N). Similarly, hand grip strength of Indian workers was lower (301.8 N) than Americans (398 N). Application of data in design of agricultural equipment is demonstrated.
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Covart, Elizabeth M. "Trade, Diplomacy, and American Independence". Journal of Early American History 5, n.º 2 (10 de septiembre de 2015): 137–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18770703-00502001.
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The economic and trade conditions of the Confederation Era of United States history require further study. This essay follows the difficulties experienced by Albany, New York-based firm Cuyler, Gansevoort & Co. to view the political and economic hurdles American merchants faced outside of the British Empire. In part, Americans fought for independence to conduct free trade with merchants from other countries. However, as Cuyler and Gansevoort’s experiences reveal, being an American merchant during the Confederation Period proved to be a liability, not an advantage. Many foreign countries demonstrated reluctance to admit American goods into their ports. Some foreign merchants used their home legal systems to take advantage of American merchants. All the while, American merchants sought to overcome the liquidity problems of the United States by searching for new trade opportunities that would provide them with the ready money they needed to pay their bills.
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Maher, Brigid. "Foreign settings in the Fascist-era giallo: Italian writers’ creative explorations of criminality and cultural difference". Modern Italy 25, n.º 2 (8 de abril de 2020): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mit.2019.75.
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The 1930s saw an explosion in the publication of crime writing in Italy, but initially readers’ appetite for crime fiction was fed almost entirely by translated imports from the US, Britain and France. Even as publishers began promoting crime writing by Italians, foreign models and settings remained important, and several early Italian writers set their work in foreign countries. This article, which draws on both textual analysis and archival research, examines some foreign-set novels produced by Italian authors during the Fascist years, and seeks to identify the function and appeal of foreign settings in the depiction of criminality in that period. These books, peopled by exotic ‘Others’, comment on corruption, freedom of the press, cultural diversity, racial difference, policing, criminality, as much at home as abroad. The distant settings offered safety and freedom, as well as escapism or distraction, and the opportunity to experiment with genre.
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Aniculăese, Ovidiu. "Leisure Traveling for 21st Century Americans: Mass Tourism as a Cultural Trap". American, British and Canadian Studies Journal 21, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2014): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abcsj-2013-0018.
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Abstract The majority of mass men in the American environment exhibit predictable and similar patterns of behavior as tourists. Pre-Industrial Revolution modes of traveling as liberation and exploration are now thwarted by the leveling effect of globalization and the illusion of information fueled by the all-pervasive mass media. Claims about the role of routine or the quest for authenticity are challenged as genuine motivations for mass tourism. Both the American culture and travel destinations in developing countries have authentic content that is largely ignored in favor of sensationalism and cliché. Excessive regimentation in the US creates the acute need for transcending to which popular culture finds accessible solutions through tourism: an experience of concentrated yet vague exoticism which feels liberating without yielding exploration. Travel destinations are shaped to American standards of material comfort and even adopt western popular culture icons in an effort to supply accessible familiar experiences of western entertainment. Various kinds of difficulty that once stimulated travelers are now relieved by travel agencies, rendering the experience of traveling less personal and more like TV entertainment. Old notions of space, time and reality itself are blurred in favor of a hyper-reality where fiction dominates.
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Pittman, Patricia, Carolina Herrera, Joanne Spetz y Catherine R. Davis. "Immigration and Contract Problems Experienced by Foreign-Educated Nurses". Medical Care Research and Review 69, n.º 3 (6 de febrero de 2012): 351–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077558711432890.
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More than 8% of employed RNs licensed since 2004 in the United States were educated overseas, yet little is known about the conditions of their recruitment or the impact of that experience on health care practice. This study assessed whether the labor rights of foreign-educated nurses were at risk during the latest period of high international recruitment: 2003 to 2007. Using consensus-based standards contained in the Voluntary Code of Ethical Conduct for the Recruitment of Foreign-Educated Health Professionals to the United States, this study found 50% of actively recruited foreign-educated nurses experienced a negative recruitment practice. The study also found that nurses educated in low-income countries and nurses with high contract breach fees, were significantly more likely to report such problems. If, as experts believe may occur, the nursing shortage in the United States returns around 2014, oversight of international recruitment will become critically important to delivering high-quality health care to Americans.
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Prather, Lauren. "Transnational Ties and Support for Foreign Aid". International Studies Quarterly 64, n.º 1 (24 de enero de 2020): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqz096.
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Abstract Although globalization and international migration have increased personal connections across national borders, we know little about how these connections affect attitudes toward foreign policy. This study examines how transnational ties affect support for foreign aid in donor countries. It argues that transnational ties increase support for foreign aid via two mechanisms: group interests and cosmopolitanism. An original survey experiment embedded in a national survey of one thousand Latino Americans shows that Latinos vary significantly in the strength of their transnational ties, which is strongly correlated with support for foreign aid. The findings from the experiment, which varies the location of an American foreign aid program, demonstrate that, although group interests explain some of this effect, cosmopolitanism is also an important mechanism. Indeed, Latinos with transnational ties equally support aid to Africa and Latin America. A test of the generalizability of the findings to other racial and ethnic groups in the United States and United Kingdom reveal that group interests may be a more powerful mechanism outside of the Latino American community. This study encourages further work on the relationship between transnational ties and foreign policy attitudes and provides insight into the emerging link between international migration and foreign aid.
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Chandra Bahadur K. C. "Cultural Diplomacy in Salman Rushdie’s Shalimar the Clown". Interdisciplinary Journal of Management and Social Sciences 3, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2022): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijmss.v3i1.50230.
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Cultural diplomacy refers to the relationships between two or more countries through the exchanges of cultural activities. Its key principle is to foster common values like faith, social justice, and responsibility. Cultural diplomacy helps people from diverse backgrounds to find common ground. A literary text like a novel can express the issues of identity and culture that are relevant to the readers of different nations and cultures. The purpose of this article is to give the theoretical concept of cultural diplomacy and to dig out the ingredients of cultural diplomacy inherent in Salman Rushdie’s novel Shalimar the Clown. This paper asserts that the novel is a great literary work to study cultural diplomacy. The novel tries to justify that the external selfish interference can change a paradise-like place into a battleground butchering human beings in a very inhuman way. The novel presents Kashmir as a melting pot for all religious followers before it was intruded on by outsiders. The misuse of power by a diplomat like Max Ophuls, an American ambassador to India, causes great misfortunes in his own as well as the lives of many others. As the result of the selfish interests of the foreign countries, Kashmir becomes a battleground with mass killings, genocides, frequent rape cases, and mass exodus. This type of realistic depiction of Southeast Asia, mainly Kashmir, in the novel shows how the selfish desires of different nations create situations of chaos. The ideas that the novel uses to describe Southeast Asia, mainly Kashmir, help readers make up their minds about that area. The readers may long for harmonious relations between different nations. It happens mainly because of the literary artifact i.e. the novel that expresses cultural diplomacy. The fictional characters and the fictitious societies depicted in the novel help us understand foreign countries and foreign cultures. The reader certainly takes the novel as a work that advocates cultural harmony
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Tarikanov, Dmitry V. "Qualification of private divorce in private international law of Germany". RUDN Journal of Law 27, n.º 3 (15 de diciembre de 2023): 765–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2337-2023-27-3-765-784.
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The private divorce is such a dissolution of marriage that does not require the participation of the state. The examples are the Islamic talaq in its original concept still existing in some Arabic countries, the customary divorces in some countries of Sub-Saharan Africa as well as, according to the prevailing opinion in Germany, the divorce by mutual consent in the Far-East countries (Japan, Thailand, South Korea). The problem of classifying a divorce in the situation when European legal order raises the question of its recognition is generated by the fact that there is a conflict method for assessing the validity of transactions made abroad in classical private international law, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the divorce in the European legal orders is the public instrument which is performed by the state or at least by its active participation so that for the purpose of recognition it is submitted to the special procedure of recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. Private international law of Germany is a unique case of dual classification of the foreign private divorce both as a public instrument (on the ground of fiction) and as a legal transaction according to the purpose of classification. To apply the procedure of recognizing foreign private divorce in Germany, such a divorce is equated to the foreign public instrument. To determine the scope of verification, such a divorce is regarded as a legal transaction and submitted to the conflict of laws-approach, not to the approach of procedural recognition.
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ARHIPTSEV, IVAN, ALEXANDER ALEKSANDROV, ALEXANDER MAKSIMENKO y KIRILL OZEROV. "PORNOGRAPHIC DEEPFAKE: FICTION OR VIRTUAL REALITY?" Sociopolitical Sciences 11, n.º 1 (28 de febrero de 2021): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2223-0093-2021-11-1-69-74.
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Nowadays, information technologies are developing every year with faster and faster and have almost become an integral part of our daily life. The development of the information technology, of course, carries such positive aspects as the improving of communication between people, the possibility of receiving a distance education, the use of information technology by the government agencies and business, and etc. At the same time, the information technologies like everything new and good can become an object for their use for criminal purposes. One of such a technology, which will be discussed in this article, is called a deepfake and, as its separate kind, a pornographic deepfake. The authors propose a solution to the problem of pornographic deepfakes at the level of the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation, since at present the Criminal code does not provide for responsibility for their creation and distribution. In particular, the authors formulate the proposals to the domestic legislator to make appropriate changes to Art. 137 and Art. 242 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, where the notion of a pornographic deepfake would be revealed in a note of the latter. In initially, it is considered the legal aspect of the pornographic deepfake as a phenomenon of modern digitalization and informatization of the society and the use of new methods for creating a virtual reality of objects harmful to humans: photo, video, and audio information. The results of the research can be used in further researches on this topic as well as in improving the legislation and law enforcement activities not only in the Russian Federation, but also in other foreign countries.
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Nemirova, Natalia. "Russian-American relations in the public opinion of Russia and the USA". Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International relations 14, n.º 4 (2022): 409–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2021.403.
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The article is devoted to the study of Russian-American relations through the prism of public opinion of both countries. Foreign political views of citizens are an important element of international politics in the modern information society; they directly affect the development of international relations, providing an opportunity to legitimize and moralize foreign policy decisions of world leaders. Based on open secondary data from opinion polls, the article traces the history of the development of Russian-American relations in the post-Soviet period. The author proves that the formation of anti-Americanism ideas underlying the current reversion of consciousness to the Cold War era was formed by the early 2000s. The personality of President Vladimir Putin and his foreign policy strategy have become decisive for Russian-American relations, but at the same time, negative identification in the system of images of “friends and enemies” of Russians and Americans is realized by value-based foreign policy ideas, rather than by opportunistic situational value judgments. The media produces the existing crisis agenda, influencing the emotional, rather than meaningful response in citizens’ opinions. The events of 2014 triggered the current long-term crisis in Russian-American relations, a characteristic feature of which was the disparity (asymmetry) of mutual perceptions, which intensified after 2018. This period is also characterized by an increase in the ambivalence and turbulence of public opinion, primitivizing its model to the expression of the bloc consciousness “for — against”, “friend — enemy”. For Russians, their stance on the Ukrainian question alongside sanctions remain the key indicators in the perception of America. For Americans, such indicators are the strengthening of totalitarianism in Russia and interference in American elections. There are no short- and medium-term prospects for improving Russian-American relations in the current period.
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Erisman, H. Michael. "The CARICOM States and US Foreign Policy: The Danger of Central Americanization". Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 31, n.º 3 (1989): 141–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/165896.
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Traditionally most North Americans look upon the English-speaking Caribbean primarily as a place for tourists to pursue their quest for the three S's: sun, sand and surf— a perspective which generates little, if any, concern for the region's political dynamics. Indeed, the prevailing attitude seems to be that these countries, known collectively as the CARICOM states, are not politically important because they are so small and thus not worth the time of US officials or political analysts. However, in the early 1980s this attitude began to change as the Reagan administration elevated the entire Caribbean Basin to the status of a major global trouble spot, on the grounds that the US had vital interests there which were being threatened by Leftist-inspired subversion and which required major economic/security initiatives in order to pacify the area. Although most of Washington's energies and resources were focussed on Central America, the English-speaking territories (e.g., Jamaica and Grenada) also came under close scrutiny.
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Kurilla, I. I. "Memory Politics: US". Izvestiya of Altai State University, n.º 6(116) (18 de diciembre de 2020): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/izvasu(2020)6-04.
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Conflicts about the Past are no less characteristic of the United States than of European countries, although there they are more often referred to as a variant of culture wars. They are especially pronounced during periods of internal political crises, since the role of foreign policy in American discourse is almost negligible. Thus, memory of the World War II in the United States was used to unite the nation and did not, unlike in many European countries, become a basis for conflict with its neighbors. The article demonstrates how the two harshest conflicts over the Past in the last quarter century were connected with the crises, first of the Republican Party (the case of the Enola Gay exhibition in 1995), and then the Democratic Party (the case of the removal of Confederate monuments in 2017). The attack on the symbols of the Past after they ascribed to them negative meanings allows activists to mobilize supporters and overcome the ideological vacuum characteristic of a critical period. In other cases, both regarding the foreign policy “apologies for the USA” or the protests of the Italo-Americans after the authorities’ rejection to commemorate Christopher Columbus, conflicts did not acquire national character.
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Lim, Kyung-Mook y Wonhyuk Lim. "Investment Bust in Post-Crisis Korea: Fact or Fiction?" Asian Economic Papers 5, n.º 3 (junio de 2006): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep.2006.5.3.1.
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In post-crisis Korea, facility (equipment) investment shows the worrisome trends of a slowdown in investment growth and a decline in investment propensity. We marshal micro and macro data to examine four major explanations for these important developments. Our analysis: (a) finds that cyclical factors such as depressed private consumption in 2003 and 2004 did lead to lower investments in automobiles, hence dragging down total investment growth in these years; (b) rejects the claim that investment was lowered by an “anti-chaebol environment” created by the Roh Moo-hyun government (facility investment by large firms actually increased by a great deal in 2003 and 2004, whereas aggregate investment in the national account showed anemic growth); (c) supports the “moral hazard” hypothesis, which states that chaebol investment in the pre-crisis period was abnormally high because of implicit state guarantees (the chaebol dummy in our investment equations was no longer statistically significant in the post-crisis period, in the aftermath of large-scale bankruptcies); and (d) supports the “hollowing-out” hypothesis, which holds that outward foreign direct investment has reduced domestic facility investment because the price competitiveness of final assembly and other labor-intensive sectors in Korea has been eroded by the rise of late-developing countries such as China and Vietnam.
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Cheng, Hui G. y Orla McBride. "An Epidemiological Investigation of Male-Female Differences in Drinking and Drinking-Related Problems between US-Born and Foreign-Born Latino and Asian Americans". Journal of Addiction 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/631912.
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Background. It has been widely documented that males were more likely to drinking alcohol and have alcohol use disorders (AUD). The degrees of the male-female differences in drinking and AUD have varied across countries. The reasons behind these variations have not been fully understood. The current study compared the estimated male-female differences across US-born and foreign-born Latino and Asian Americans with respect to alcohol drinking behavior and AUD.Method. Data come from the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS), a national household survey of adults with Latinos and Asian decent in the United States. Male-female differences were estimated for drinking behavior and AUD among drinkers for US-born and foreign-born individuals, respectively. Zero-inflated Poisson regressions were utilized to estimate male-female differences in the number of AUD clinical features once it occurs.Results. Larger male-female differences were found for foreign-born individuals as compared to US-born individuals, especially the occurrence of AUD among drinkers. Once AUD clinical feature occurs, there was no male-female difference for foreign-born individuals, while there was a males excess in the number of clinical features for US-born individuals.Conclusion. Results from this study supports the importance of sociocultural influence in drinking and AUD. Implications for prevention and intervention programs were discussed.
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Prylipko, Iryna. "Foreign Cultural Realities and Ethnic Images in Oles Honchar’s “Diaries”". Слово і Час, n.º 9 (8 de septiembre de 2019): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33608/0236-1477.2019.09.69-80.
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The paper deals with the specific features of describing foreign countries and nations in O. Honchar’s “Diaries”. The presented research shows particular details of foreign realities in the author’s perception, classifies the factors of forming ethnic images, and evaluates the originality of their representation in “Diaries”. In the context of the Own and Alien space correlation O. Honchar’s position becomes visible. He underlines the absence of stereotypes and domination of shared spiritual people’s values in forming the conception of a stranger. Foreign cultural realities and ethnic images, represented in “Diaries”, were the results of the author’s detailed observation and deep penetration into the facts of spiritual and material culture, mental peculiarities, history and present situation of different nations (Georgians, Jews, Russians, Portuguese, Indians, Americans, Japanese and others). The concept Other/Alien is formed involving such points as projection on the Own space, comparison of different foreign cultural facts with the realities of Ukrainian context. The diary notes represent the evolution of the author’s reception. The war period notes demonstrate domination of the Alien in the process of perceiving foreign culture, which is caused by the tragic war situation and longing for the native land. The post-war period notes show O. Honchar’s reflections on his war experience, the writer’s interest in cultural, historical, and social peculiarities of certain people. The reproduction of foreign cultural realities evolved. Ethnic images were designed on the basis of observation, impressions, generalization, and comparison of topographic, ideological, artistic, and historical peculiarities. They all formed an ethnomental image of a separate nation. The ethnic images, represented in O. Honchar’s “Diaries”, are based on humanistic values. They emphasize the idea of spiritual universality of different people, underlining the facts that unite representatives of different countries.
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Urvantseva, N. G. "Poetic Text in the Lessons of Russian as a Foreign Language (A.S. Pushkin’s Poem “The Flower”)". Prepodavatel XXI vek, n.º 4/1 (30 de diciembre de 2023): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2073-9613-2023-4-165-173.
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The article presents a methodical development of a lesson on A.S. Pushkin’s poem “The Flower” for foreign students who speak Russian at the level B1 and above. The structure of the lesson includes pre-text and post-text stages of work on the poetic text. Pretext activity helps to create interest to the poetic work, involves students in the process of reading. Pre-text work is aimed at independent semantic perception and comprehension of the poetic text under the guidance of the teacher, the ability to produce their own statements. Post-text activity provides tasks for generalizing and deepening the understanding of the work. The necessary materials for preparing the lesson are presented: A.S. Pushkin’s poem “The Flower”, a set of questions and tasks for language guessing, possible answers for each stage, homework. The proposed lesson has been tested in face-to-face and remote form in individual and group classes with students from different countries. The results of the study can be used in the lessons of Russian as a foreign language, in the courses “Methods of teaching Russian as a foreign language” and “Analytical reading of fiction text in a foreign audience”, as well as in advanced training courses for teachers of Russian as a foreign language.
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Hryshchenko, O. P. "FICTION IN THE LEGISLATIVE STRUCTURE OF EXEMPTION FROM CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY IN CONNECTION WITHIN THE EXPIRY OF THE LIMITATIONS PERIOD". Scientific journal Criminal and Executive System: Yesterday. Today. Tomorrow 2021, n.º 2 (15 de diciembre de 2021): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjcriminal.2021.02.021.
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The essence and subject matter of fiction in the Criminal Code of Ukraine, namely fiction in the legislative structure of exemption from criminal responsibility in connection with the expiry of limitations period are analyzed in the article. The analysis of normative-legal acts, scholars’ views on the problem of fictitious norms is carried out. In particular, the author provides a description and analyzes the legislative structure of exemption from criminal responsibility in connection with the expiry of limitations period in the Criminal Codes of such foreign countries as: Poland, France, Germany. Based on the positive foreign experience, it is proposed to amend Article 49 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine with a new part 7 as follows: “The limitations period starts to be calculated from the moment of expiration. If the consequence that is a part of the act occurs later, the limitations period begins from this point”. It is mentioned that the exemption from criminal responsibility is an independent criminal and legal institution. However, its legal quintessence has the following features: since the de jure exemption does not result in the conviction of a person who has committed a criminal offense, such a person avoids the adverse criminal consequences that this person has as a result of the conviction. It is clarified that the essence of the legislative structure of exemption from criminal responsibility in connection with the expiry of limitations period has a controversial nature in the science of Ukraine’s criminal law. The view according to which the basis of existence in criminal law of institute of prescription is loss of public danger of the committed act remains actual. It is concluded that the fiction in the legislative structure of exemption from criminal responsibility in connection with the expiry of limitations period is expressed in the limitation of time limits of criminal responsibility with the law on criminal responsibility. The Criminal Code of Ukraine denies the criminal and legal significance of the committed act and its consequences outside the time limits of criminal responsibility. This lack of correspondence between the real facts and their legal consolidation is a fiction of the institution of prescription. Key words: expiry of limitations period, fiction, exemption from criminal responsibility, legislator, criminal offense.
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Bukhtereva, Irina N. "“MARSHALL PLAN” AS A PROGRAM FOR THE RESTORATION OF WESTERN EUROPE AFTER WORLD WAR II AND THE REASON FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF US WORLD DOMINATION". Science and art of management / Bulletin of the Institute of Economics, Management and Law of the Russian State University for the Humanities, n.º 4 (2023): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2782-2222-2023-4-65-79.
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The article considers the reasons for the economic and political dependence of the countries of Western Europe on the United States of America. The foundations of that dependence were laid with the beginning of the implementation of the “Marshall Plan” in Europe. After World War II, the economies of European countries were in devastation, people were left without means of subsistence, without food, work and housing, and American industry had just regained its power, and it was not at all in its benefit to have the main consumers of its products plunged into a new crisis, into another Great Depression. Therefore, in the United States, the “Program for the Recovery of Europe” was developed, under which European countries received financial assistance to restore their economies, but in addition, the Americans put forward a number of conditions, the fulfillment of which led to just that very dependence on the donor country. Those conditions were: preventing representatives of communist parties from entering national governments, full control of Americans in the political sphere, over the use of funds, provision of complete information about the state of the economy, science, development of technology, priority of getting everything necessary for the development of the American economy from Europe, switching to the dollar, as a reserve currency and the transfer of all gold and foreign exchange reserves to USA. European countries had to guarantee American entrepreneurs the protection of their interests and investments. Thanks to such harsh conditions and total control, the United States managed not only to establish its influence on the countries of Western Europe and subjugate them to its power, but also to return all the funds spent on the implementation of the Marshall Plan, significantly increasing them.
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Mahmodpanahi, Seid Mohamad Reza y Sosan Shokriaghkand. "Investigating the Oil Effect on the Politicking in the 19th August, 1953 Coup d'État". International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 69 (mayo de 2016): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.69.25.
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The strategic situation of Iran has always drawn the attention of foreign powers including England, Russia and America and these powers have always attempted to utilize this situation for reaching their own interests in the Middle East. Discovery of large oil reserves in Iran intensified the competition of foreign powers. This research seeks to respond the question of how foreign powers intervened with the 19th August, 1953 Coup d'état. In the 19th August, 1953 Coup d'état, the Americans and English having after made sure that they could not seize the Iranian oil through political channels, they decide to launch a Coup d'état. With the victory of the 19th August, 1953 Coup d'état and subversion of the Dr. Mosadegh's government, the United States and Britain consolidated their own dominate in Iran via returning Mohamad Reza Shah and the oil reserves were once again made available to foreign powers. This research via applying comparative-descriptive methodology is based on documents and evidence. Findings of the research and examination of the 19th August, 1953 Coup d'état demonstrate that the significance of oil and energy and fear of the spread of the Oil National Movement to other oil producing countries and compromise of oil resources as well resulted in intervention by cross regional foreign powers like England, America with respect to the 19th August, 1953 Coup d'état.