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1
Lobo, Lemes Fernando. "Pouvoir politique et réseau urbain dans Amérique coloniale : mines et capitainerie du Goáis aux XVIIIe et XIXe siècles". Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030111/document.
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L’objectif de cette thèse est de mettre en lumière l'histoire coloniale de l'Empire portugais à partir de l'étude des rapports de pouvoir dans les mines et la Capitainerie du Goiás, pendant le XVIIIe et le XIXe siècle. Dans un monde basé sur l´économie d´exploitation de l´or et la traite des noirs africains, dont les diversités rendent difficiles l'imposition de l'autorité fondée dans des modèles européens, le Senado da Camara, en tant qu´extrémité tentaculaire de l´État colonial et fil conducteur du projet politique de Lisbonne, constitue le point central de notre analyse. En fonction du rôle des élites locales vis-à-vis de l´administration des structures urbaines, c´est la géographie politique de la ville qui sera mise en perspective. Dans l´espace urbain colonial, l´exemple de Goiás met en relief les liens entre le politique et la ville et dévoile la ville comme espace de prédilection du politique. Dans ce contexte, l'histoire politique devient une histoire du pouvoir. Il s´agit de savoir, au niveau de la ville coloniale, comment se constitua, se manifesta et s´exerça le pouvoir de la Couronne, mais aussi quelles sont leurs bases de légitimation. Une attention particulière sera portée à une approche dynamique des différentes temporalités perçues comme le produit des constructions sociales confortant le pouvoir des uns sur les autres, révélant ainsi les faiblesses et les antagonismes dans le champ disputé du politique. Cette étude portera donc sur la reconstitution de certains des éléments qui donnent du sens à l´expansion de l'Empire portugais et à la construction d'un réseau de pouvoir politique dans la région centrale du BrésilThe aim of this thesis is to highlight the colonial history of the Portuguese Empire by the analysis of the force´s and power´s relationships in the mines and captaincy of Goiás during the 18th and 19th centuries. In a world based on gold exploring economies and in African slave’s trades, where the diversity makes difficult to impose authority as it was in European models, the Senado da Camara, as an arm´s extremity of the colonial´s state and the guiding principal of the Lisbon´s political project, is the main point of our analysis. Based on the role of the local elites related to the administration of urban´s structures, we will put in perspective the geography politics. In the vast colonial urban space, Goiás history can explain the links between politics and the city and it can reveals the city as a major space for the politics. In this context, political history becomes a history of power. We want to know, in the level of the Colonial city, how power is constituted, manifested and how it uses the power of the Crown and also what are their bases of legitimation. We will give particular attention to a dynamic approach of different temporalities seen as a product of social constructions which provides power from ones to anothers, revealing the weaknesses and antagonisms in the disputed field of politics. This study proposes to reconstruct some elements that give sense to the expansion of the Portuguese empire and to the building of political power network in the central of Brazil
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Perrey, Laura. "L'esclavage noir dans l'Amérique espagnole coloniale des XVIe et XVIIe siècles à travers les documents juridiques". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCC003.
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L’esclavage noir en Amérique espagnole des XVIe et XVIIe siècles à travers les documents juridiques. Dans le cadre de ce travail, nous avons traité dans un premier temps la question des différentes justifications de l’esclavage depuis l’Antiquité jusqu’à l’Époque moderne par les théories aristotéliciennes de l’esclavage par nature, les écrits bibliques ainsi que la question raciale telle qu'elle pouvait être perçue à l'époque. La condamnation officielle de l'esclavage des autochtones américains finalement prononcée par les autorités espagnoles va laisser toutes la place au trafic des esclaves d'origine africaine même si le gros des transactions sera laissé aux marchands portugais qui se lancent dans un commerce à grande échelle qui va durer plus de trois siècles. Dans ce contexte, on analyse comment l’homme noir devient « l’autre » depuis le moment de sa capture et de sa vente en Afrique puis durant sa captivité et durant la traversée avant sa revente en Amérique, comment la personnalité ainsi que le droit naturel à la liberté et se gouverner lui-même lui sont ôtées et niées. Il subit une privation générale de ses droits qu’ils soient naturels ou positifs. Par conséquent, l’esclavage commence par un processus de plusieurs phases de transitions brutales jusqu’à son arrivée en Amérique espagnole.Les traductions et transcriptions de documents authentiques et inédits glanés dans les différents dépôts d'archives nous ont permis de composer un corpus de lois de l’esclavage noir le plus exhaustif possible. Son étude approfondie nous permet de dégager des tendances et observer la complexité du monde colonial. En effet, l’Amérique espagnole des XVIe et XVIIe siècle est un monde violent où la personnalité de l’homme noir est saisie presque uniquement à travers la brutalité, notamment le port d’arme, l’ivresse, les vols, les regroupements dans la rue de jour ou de nuit et les fuites qui le mènent à créer des palenques durablement installés dans les montagnes, ce qui provoque l’inquiétude grandissante chez les Espagnols, en peine pour canaliser cette caste noir et mulâtre toujours plus nombreuse en particulier dans les pôles urbains. Ainsi, il est intéressant de montrer quelles sont les relations qu’entretiennent les différents groupes en présence. Les relations sociales en particulier entre Indiens et Noirs sont d’une dureté inattendue même si parfois des élans de solidarités contre l’ennemi commun apparaissent. Grâce au rôle d’intermédiaires entre leur maître et les Indiens, les Noirs dans un sentiment nouveau de supériorité numérique, s’assimilent aux Espagnols et commettent de nombreux abus et mauvais traitements à l’égard des natifs par mimétisme et phénomène compensatoire. Ainsi que nous proposons à travers l’étude de différents documents juridiques, on ne peut lire ce monde de manière manichéenne où la place de chacun n’est pas figée mais plutôt en perpétuel mouvement est composé d’Espagnols oisifs, de Noirs qui s’enfuient pour échapper à leur maître, d’Espagnols qui les aident en leur fournissant des denrées alimentaires pour survivre, d’autres Noirs qui essaient d’occuper des postes assez haut placés réservés aux Blancs, d’autres encore qui devenus affranchis sont faits soldats par les autorités pour assurer la protection des villes portuaires de l’empire, des relations entre Noirs et Indiens tour à tour conflictuelles et solidaires, des mulâtres de plus en plus nombreux. On notera que dans de rares cas, esclaves ou maîtres font preuve de solidarité, d’empathie et de compassion envers autruiIn this work, we first dealt with the question of the different justifications of slavery from Antiquity to the Early Modern Age through Aristotelian theories of slavery by nature, biblical writings and the racial question as it could be perceived at the time. The processes that lead to the use of Blacks as labour and leading to large-scale slave trade and the different areas of work in which they are employed have been described. In this context, we analyse how the black man becomes "the other" from the moment of his capture and sale in Africa, then during his captivity and the crossing before his resale in America, how the personality as well as the natural right to freedom and to govern himself are taken away and denied. He is subjected to a general deprivation of his rights, whether natural or positive. Therefore, slavery begins with a process of several phases of brutal transitions until it arrives in Spanish Colonial America.The translations and transcriptions of authentic and unpublished documents gleaned from the various archives have enabled us to compile a body of laws on black slavery that is as exhaustive as possible. Its in-depth study allows us to identify trends and observe the complexity of the colonial world. Indeed, Spanish America of the 16th and 17th centuries was a violent world where the personality of the black man was seized almost exclusively through brutality, including the carrying of weapons, drunkenness, robberies, street gatherings during the day or at night and the fleeing that led him to create palenques permanently installed in the mountains, which caused growing concern among the Spanish, struggling to channel this black and mulatto caste ever more numerous, especially in urban centres. Thus, it is interesting to show the relationships between the different groups involved. Social relations, particularly between Indians and Blacks, were unexpectedly harsh, even if sometimes there were surges of solidarity against the common enemy. Thanks to the role of intermediaries between their master and the Indians, Blacks, in a new sense of numerical superiority, assimilated to the Spanish and committed numerous abuses and illtreatment of the natives by mimicry and compensatory phenomena. As we propose through the study of different legal documents, we cannot read this world in a Manichean way where everyone's place is not fixed but rather in perpetual movement is composed of idle Spaniards, Blacks who flee to escape their master, Spaniards who help them by providing them with food to survive, other blacks who tried to occupy fairly high-ranking positions reserved for whites, others who became liberated were made soldiers by the authorities to ensure the protection of the empire's port cities, relations between blacks and Indians, alternating between conflict and solidarity, and an ever-increasing number of mulattoes. It should be noted that in rare cases, slaves or masters show solidarity, empathy and compassion towards others
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Coughlin, Michael G. "Colonial Catholicism in British North America: American and Canadian Catholic Identities in the Age of Revolution". Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108063.
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Thesis advisor: André BrouilletteThesis advisor: Maura Jane Farrelly
The purpose of this thesis is to better understand American colonial Catholicism through a comparative study of it with Catholicism in colonial Canada, both before and after the British defeat of the French in 1759, in the period of the American Revolution. Despite a shared faith, ecclesiastical leaders in Canada were wary of the revolutionary spirit and movement in the American colonies, participated in by American Catholics, and urged loyalty to the British crown. The central question of the study is as follows: why did the two groups, American Catholics (the Maryland Tradition) and Canadian Catholics (the Quebec Tradition), react so differently to British colonial rule in the mid eighteenth-century? Developing an understanding of the religious identities of American and Canadian Catholics and their interaction during the period will help shed light on their different approaches to political ideals of the Enlightenment and their Catholic faith
Thesis (STL) — Boston College, 2017
Submitted to: Boston College. School of Theology and Ministry
Discipline: Sacred Theology
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Berens, Loann. "Juan de Betanzos et la Suma y narración de los Incas : médiation, écriture de l’histoire et construction de la société coloniale (Pérou, XVIe siècle)". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL145.
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Le « cas » Juan de Betanzos (1519-1576) est en apparence extrêmement simple et peut se résumer en quelques mots : en 1551, à Cuzco, un Espagnol, marié à une princesse indigène, écrit une histoire des Incas à la demande du vice-roi de l’époque, don Antonio de Mendoza. Cette simplicité explique sans doute, pourquoi ce « cas » n’a pas suscité davantage d’intérêt. Si la Suma y narración de los Incas, depuis la découverte d’une version complète en 1987, est unanimement considérée comme une source fondamentale pour la connaissance du Tahuantinsuyo et un passage obligé pour tout spécialiste du Monde andin, son contexte d’élaboration, ses sources et même son auteur n’ont reçu qu’une attention fort limitée. Ce dernier a été relégué à l’arrière-plan au sein de son propre ouvrage et cantonné à un second rôle au sein de la société de son époque. Abordé comme un « passeur culturel » et un « expert » de la langue quechua et du monde inca, Betanzos acquiert un tout autre relief : il n’apparaît plus comme un personnage secondaire, mais comme un acteur du processus de transition entre monde préhispanique et monde hispanique et de la construction de la société coloniale péruvienneThe “case” of Juan de Betanzos (1519-1576), apparently simple, can be summed up in a few words: in 1551, in Cuzco, a Spaniard, married to an indigenous princess, writes a history of the Incas, commissioned by the viceroy at the time, don Antonio de Mendoza. This simplicity undoubtedly explains why this "case" did not raise more interest. Although the Suma y narración de los Incas, since the discovery of a complete version in 1987, has been considered unanimously as a fundamental source for understanding the Tahuantinsuyo, as well as required reading for any specialist of the Andean world, the context of its production, its sources, and even its author have only received very limited attention. The author has been pushed to the background of his own work and confined to a secondary role in his own society. Approached, however, as a “passeur culturel” and an "expert" of the Quechua language and Inca world, Betanzos acquires an altogether different depth: he no longer appears as a secondary character, but as an agent in the process of transition between pre-Hispanic and Hispanic worlds and in the construction of colonial Peruvian society
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Ribas, Nicolas de. "Juan Pablo Viscardo y Guzmán (1784-1798) : esquisse d'un projet des lumières pour la libération du Pérou". Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030136.
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Juan Pablo Viscardo y Guzmán, précurseur idéologique des Indépendances ibéro-américaines, est une des personnalités les plus intéressantes du XVIIIème siècle. Si les écrits de cet homme prennent tour à tour une orientation politique, économique ou morale, ils présentent, tous, le même intérêt pour la libération de l’Amérique ibérique et, certes, une attention particulière pour le Pérou, terre patrie de ce personnage historique. Eduqué selon les canons rigides du collège jésuite du Cusco, le créole Viscardo est témoin des tensions permanentes entre les secteurs de pouvoir. Débarqué en Ligurie et exilé en Toscane à la suite de la suppression de la Compagnie de Jésus en 1767, le jeune jésuite, qui rejette sans conteste sa condition de vassal espagnol, passe alors l’essentiel de sa vie d’adulte à voyager en Italie et en Grande-Bretagne. Il a une curiosité qui le pousse à comprendre les autres façons de penser et à analyser les révolutions politiques qui annoncent l’arrivée du monde contemporain. Par ses réflexions et grâce à sa brillante culture, il devient un conspirateur militaire et un théoricien politique et économique. Ainsi, il est le premier à réunir fermement sa volonté d’indépendance et à tenir un discours identitaire hispano-américain, et cela, par le biais d’un projet libérateur des colonies espagnoles qui tenait compte du fait que seul l’appui de la Grande-Bretagne permettrait la réalisation des objectifs proposés. Le jésuite, marqué par cet ostracisme involontaire, se veut citoyen du Pérou et de l’Amérique hispanique dans son ensemble. Il s’agit d’une seule patrie qui doit être libérée dans sa totalité territoriale : il veut l’indépendance absolue. Grâce à lui, à l’aube des révolutions indépendantistes, l’Amérique commence à se détacher de l’Espagne et à établir les fondements de son identitéJuan Pablo Viscardo Y Guzman, a precursor of Latin American Independence ideas, was one of the most interesting personalities of the 18th century. The man’s writings may have had a military, political, economic or moral orientation but they all had the same interest in the Liberation of Latin America and particularly in Peru, Viscardo’s homeland. Educated at Cuzco Jesuitical college according to rigid canons, Creole Viscardo witnessed permanent tensions between the spheres of Power. After the Society of Jesus was expelled out of Spanish dominions in 1767, the young Jesuit landed in Tuscany and, while he strongly rejected his condition as a Spanish vassal, he spent most of his adult life travelling in Italy and Great Britain. His curiosity led him to understand different ways of thinking and analysing the political revolutions which heralded the advent of the contemporary world. His thoughts and outstanding knowledge made him a conspirator as well as a political and economic theorist. He was the first thinker to assert a strong wish for independence and a clearly Latin American identity through a liberation project for the Spanish colonies which stated that only the support of Great Britain would make the designed prospects become reality. The Jesuit, unintentionally ostracized, saw himself as a citizen of Peru and of Latin America as a whole. He considered the Hispanic provinces one fatherland which had to be liberated in its territorial completeness - he demanded absolute independence. Thanks to Viscardo, in the eve of wars of independence, Latin America started to cut itself off from Spain and build the foundation of its identity
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Thomas, David. "THE ANXIOUS ATLANTIC: WAR, MURDER, AND A “MONSTER OF A MAN” IN REVOLUTIONARY NEW ENGLAND". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/538853.
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HistoryPh.D.
On December 11, 1782 in Wethersfield, Connecticut, a fifty-two year old English immigrant named William Beadle murdered his wife and four children and took his own life. Beadle’s erstwhile friends were aghast. William was no drunk. He was not abusive, foul-tempered, or manifestly unstable. Since arriving in 1772, Beadle had been a respected merchant in Wethersfield good society. Newspapers, pamphlets, and sermons carried the story up and down the coast. Writers quoted from a packet of letters Beadle left at the scene. Those letters disclosed Beadle’s secret allegiance to deism and the fact that the War for Independence had ruined Beadle financially, in his mind because he had acted like a patriot not a profiteer. Authors were especially unnerved with Beadle’s mysterious past. In a widely published pamphlet, Stephen Mix Mitchell, Wethersfield luminary and Beadle’s one-time closest friend, sought answers in Beadle’s youth only to admit that in ten years he had learned almost nothing about the man print dubbed a “monster.” This macabre story of family murder, and the fretful writing that carried the tale up and down the coast, is the heart of my dissertation. A microhistory, the project uses the transatlantic life, death, and print “afterlife” of William Beadle to explore alienation, anonymity, and unease in Britain’s Atlantic empire. The very characteristics that made the Atlantic world a vibrant, dynamic space—migration, commercial expansion, intellectual exchange, and revolutionary politics, to name a few—also made anxiety and failure ubiquitous in that world. Atlantic historians have described a world where white migrants crisscrossed the ocean to improve their lives, merchants created new wealth that eroded the power of landed gentry, and ideas fueled Enlightenment and engendered revolutions. The Atlantic world was indeed such a place. Aside from conquest and slavery, however, Atlantic historians have tended to elide the uglier sides of that early modern Atlantic world. William Beadle crossed the ocean three times and recreated himself in Barbados and New England, but migrations also left him rootless—unknown and perhaps unknowable. Transatlantic commerce brought exotic goods to provincial Connecticut and extended promises of social climbing, but amid imperial turmoil, the same Atlantic economy rapidly left such individuals financially bereft. Innovative ideas like deism crossed oceans in the minds of migrants, but these ideas were not always welcome. Beadle joined the cause of the American Revolution, but amid civil war, it was easy to run afoul of neighboring patriots always on the lookout for Loyalists. Beadle was far from the only person to suffer these anxieties. In the aftermath of the tragedy, commentators strained to make sense of the incident and Beadle’s writings in light of similar Atlantic fears. The story resonated precisely because it raised worries that had long bubbled beneath the surface: the anonymous neighbor from afar, the economic crash out of nowhere, modern ideas that some found exhilarating but others found distressing, and violent conflict between American and English. In his print afterlife, William Beadle became a specter of the Atlantic world. As independence was won, he haunted Americans as well, as commentators worried he was a sign that the American project was doomed to fail.
Temple University--Theses
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Del, Barco Valeria. "Diálogos Transoceánicos Coloniales: Poética Criolla en Negociación". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22672.
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My dissertation focuses on the poetic production of three criollas —the offspring of Spaniards in the Americas— in dialogic relation with prominent male writers across the Atlantic. The works studied, Clarinda’s Discurso en loor de la Poesía (1608); Epístola a Belardo (1621) by Amarilis; and Sor Juana’s Primero sueño (1692) and La Respuesta (1691), span the entirety of the 17th century, in both the Viceroyalty of Perú and New Spain. Important interventions in Latin American colonial culture have noted criollos’ ambivalence towards the culture inherited from Spain as well as the need to assert their cultural agency through writing. The poets at the center of my study participate in this preoccupation with the added complication of being women, whose works are habitually read in isolation, as exceptions. My dissertation defines a feminine criolla poetics dialogically negotiated with western tradition, be it Spanish gongorismo or Italian humanism, while highlighting the tension between inserting themselves in the canon and critiquing it. In place of readings that emphasize the transfer of discourse and knowledge from the center to the periphery, from the metropole to the colonies, I demonstrate that the writings of these women challenge, or even reverse, this logic.
My study analyzes rhetorical and intertextual strategies by which criollas, twice removed from power due to their birthplace and gender, negotiated a space in the canon. My analysis reveals the acute consciousness of gender that informs each woman’s writing; however, I also participate in recent movements in criticism and theory that interrogate conventional notions of power, space and the directionality of colonial exchange. This dissertation examines the processes of cultural appropriation as it defines a feminine criolla poetics dialogically negotiated with western tradition, one that also opens up a space to critique this tradition through parody, irony and textual transformation.
This dissertation is written in Spanish.
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Schmidt, Hannah. "Surviving Plymouth: Causes of Change in Wampanoag Culture in Colonial New England". OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2223.
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AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Hannah J. Schmidt, for the Master of Arts degree in History, presented on May 23, 2017, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. (Do not use abbreviations.) TITLE: Surviving Plymouth: Causes of Change in Wampanoag Culture in Colonial New England MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Kay J. Carr The following research investigates the relationship between the Wampanoag tribe and English colonists of Southeastern Massachusetts throughout the seventeenth century. The Wampanoags, under the leadership of grand sachem Massasoit, were the first people to befriend members of the Plymouth Colony upon their landing in Massachusetts Bay in November 1620. The relationship that was built between the two groups was instrumental in establishing English colonial rule throughout the region that would later expand beyond Massachusetts. The dynamics of this relationship and the subsequent political, economic, and cultural dominance of the English throughout New England led to massive changes in Wampanoag culture and practices. Because of the early timing and unique closeness of their friendship, it is necessary to examine the Wampanoag tribe’s interactions with the colonists as a distinct experience that is, in many ways, specific to their tribe and cannot wholly be a depiction of larger relations between the English colonists and Native American groups of the period. The distinctive nature of the Wampanoag-English relationship is also particularly enlightening to the conflicting dynamic between native perspectives and practices and that which the English colonists brought with them and later imposed. The ideas of each group informed how they interacted with each other throughout the seventeenth century. Upon the establishment of English dominance throughout the region, the ideological frameworks within English settler-colonialism, in conjunction with environmental and other economic influences, threatened traditional Wampanoag culture and practices and led to an immense transformation in Wampanoag ways of living that was both willingly and unwillingly adopted.
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Corlett, David Michael. "Warfare in Colonial America: Prelude and Promise". W&M ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626274.
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Moreshead, Ashley Elizabeth. "The Salzburgers' "City on a Hill": The Failure of a Pietist Vision in Ebenezer, Georgia, 1734-1774". Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3858.
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A group of Protestant refugees from Salzburg founded the town of Ebenezer, Georgia, in 1734. The Pietists at the Francke Foundation in Halle sent two pastors, Johann Martin Boltzius and Israel Christian Gronau, to lead the religious immigrants in their new settlement. As other historians have shown, the Halle sponsors wanted Ebenezer to fulfill their own purposes: establish social and religious autonomy under British colonial rule, reproduce the economic structure and institutions of social and religious reform of the Francke Foundation, and establish a successful Pietist ministry in North America. This study examines journals and correspondence from Ebenezer's pastors, British colonial authorities, and the German religious sponsors to reveal how different aspects of the Pietist vision were compromised until Ebenezer resembled a typical German-American settlement rather than a model Pietist community. Georgia's economic conditions, political pressures, and Ebenezer's internal demographic changes forced the pastors to sacrifice their goals for an orphanage, a free labor economy, and a closely structured community of persecuted Protestants. They ensured Ebenezer's economic success and social autonomy, but they were unable to replicate their sponsors' most distinctly Pietist economic, social and religious enterprises.M.A.
Department of History
Arts and Sciences
History
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Wickman, Thomas. "Snowshoe Country: Indians, Colonists, and Winter Spaces of Power in the Northeast, 1620-1727". Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10439.
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This dissertation is a political and environmental history of winter in the colonial Northeast during some of the coldest years of the Little Ice Age. Unlike conventional histories of Atlantic encounters and environmental change, which overwhelmingly concern the warmer half of the year, this dissertation asks how encounters and ecological change functioned in the colder half of the year. Indians and English settlers adapted differently to the vicissitudes of climate change in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, respectively creating winter spaces of power within the varied landscapes of the Maritime Peninsula. This dissertation takes a broad geographical view of the Northeast and incorporates political ecology into the history of early America, stressing the importance of conflicts over access to long-distance travel routes and wild resources, both along the coasts and in the vast uplands. Using captivity narratives, diaries, letters, treaty minutes, and war records, it recovers the ways that winter knowledge and winter technologies both inhibited and facilitated colonialism in the Northeast. Over the course of the seventeenth century, settlers transformed winter ecologies along the coasts and isolated indigenous people in cold conditions. In response, Native Americans increasingly spent longer winters in the interior uplands, dividing themselves into family hunting bands, drawing sustenance and power from wild environments that colonists could not reach, and launching winter raids upon vulnerable English towns. The last quarter of the seventeenth century, one of the coldest periods of the last millennium, presented comparative advantages to mobile Indians, whose snowshoes kept them afloat in times of deep and long lying snows. In the early eighteenth century, however, the English systematically adopted this same indigenous technology to use against Native Americans, disrupting the activities of family hunting bands and raiding parties. English patrols on snowshoes penetrated Native Americans’ winter hunting grounds as never before, and with this winter strategy, colonial leaders attempted to impose a new political ecology in the greater Northeast. Conquest of the northern uplands was incomplete, however, leading to slow and sparse settlement in the interior and leaving ample opportunities for indigenous people to return to their winter lands.
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Durán, Rocca Luisa Gertrudis. "A cidade colonial ibero-americana : a malha urbana". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/3132.
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Esta dissertação estuda a cidade colonial ibero-americana, a partir de seu traçado, de sua configuração espacial e como produto da milenar tradição urbana do ocidente, em suas variáveis erudita e popular. Foram analisadas as circunstâncias políticas, econômicas e socioculturais que condicionaram os três séculos do período colonial na Ibero-américa e que influenciaram, de um ou de outro modo, o arranjo espacial das cidades. O trabalho identifica os elementos da arquitetura grega, romana, medieval cristã, muçulmana, renascentista, pré-colombiana e barroca que foram naturalmente selecionados, sintetizados e re-elaborados em sua implementação na cidade ibero-americana. Uma tipologia de malhas urbanas é proposta e, a partir da observação e redesenho de plantas urbanas do período colonial, o trabalho analisa e classifica 21 assentamentos produzidos pela colonização espanhola e portuguesa A análise mostra que a cidade colonial ibero-americana constitui de fato um tipo especifico dentro da categoria maior de cidade tradicional, anterior ao movimento moderno. Por ser uma cidade nova, tem implícita na sua gênese a atividade de planejamento. O traçado em malha é o instrumento regulador essencial. Em seu processo de adaptação às determinantes locais, na busca de uma ordem espacial, o traçado em malha passa por diferentes graus de deformação geométrica, o que condiciona a forma e o posicionamento das partes, ou seja, dos elementos da arquitetura urbana - a praça, a rua, o quarteirão, os edifícios singulares e a estrutura predial de tipos recorrentes de edificação -, gerando assim grande diversidade e riqueza de situações espaciais. O trabalho compara as cidades coloniais espanhola e a portuguesa e consta o predomínio das similaridades pelo fato de terem a malha como denominador comum. As diferenças mais relevantes ficam por conta das implantações, das adaptações ao contexto e de outras circunstâncias específicas, não constituindo fator determinante serem elas espanholas ou portuguesas.
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Carroll, Nicole. "African American History at Colonial Williamsburg". W&M ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626197.
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Semones, Catherine M. "Indigenous Agency within 17th & 18th Century Jesuit Missions: the Creation of a Hybrid Culture in Yaqui and Tarahumar Country". Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1275931147.
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Lindsay, Amanda J. "Controversy on the Mountain: Post Colonial Interpretations of the Crazy Horse Memorial". Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1604332472945685.
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Rastogi, Pallavi. "Indianizing England : cosmopolitanism in colonial and post-colonial narratives of travel /". Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2002.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2002.Advisers: Joseph Litvak; Modhumita Roy. Submitted to the Dept. of English. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 244-258). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
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Gutekunst, Jason Alexander. "Wabanaki Catholics: Ritual Song, Hybridity, and Colonial Exchange in Seventeenth-Century New England and New France". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1229626549.
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Ambuske, James Patrick. "Minting America coinage and the contestation of American identity, 1775-1800 /". Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1164981401.
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VanHorn, Kellie Michelle. "Eighteenth-century colonial American merchant ship construction". Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1421.
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Past research on eighteenth-century ships has primarily taken one of two avenues, either focusing on naval warship construction or examining the merchant shipping industry as a whole in terms of trends and economics. While these areas are important to pursue, comparatively little is known about actual construction techniques used on the ordinary merchant vessels of the period. Most modern sources emphasize hull design and lines drawings; contemporary sources take a similar direction, explaining the theory of ship design but often leaving out how to put the ship together. In recent years, however, new information has come to light through archaeological excavations regarding Anglo-American merchant ship construction. In this study, several of these shipwrecks were examined in light of economic factors and the literary evidence from the period in an attempt to gain a better understanding of colonial American merchant ship construction in the eighteenth century. While the data set was not large enough to make conclusive statements, this type of comparative analysis should begin to establish a
framework for the interpretation of future shipwreck excavations.
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McCart, Tara M. "A Statistical Analysis of Witchcraft Accusations in Colonial America". Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1402940209.
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Ferro, David L. "Science and the press : nascent institutions in colonial America /". Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01312009-063236/.
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Holmberg, Megan Elizabeth. "Anomalous Apparitions of Light in Colonial America: Visions of Comets, New Stars, the Aurora Borealis, and Rainbows". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/590919.
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EnglishPh.D.
This dissertation examines the body of literature that formed around anomalous light apparitions (comets, new stars, the aurora borealis, and rainbows) as it explores questions about the representation and response to celestial and meteorological phenomena during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in colonial America. I further consider the ways that these texts’ meanings are informed by rational scientific thought and by other non-scientific or non-rational, emotive, or aesthetic modes of thinking. I consider how these phenomena elicit a set of empirical yet emotionally-charged observational practices that complicate how we understand the roles of the rational and the non-rational in the scientific literature of this period. I argue that non-rational passionate investments are evident within or as part of the period’s rational scientific literature; they act as the impetus for scientific inquiry therefore forming an integral part of the scientific endeavor. This dissertation further explores how the practice of writing about these phenomena generates and facilitates the formation of communities of amateur scientific observers in colonial America. I further investigate how practices of data collection contribute to knowledge about the regular and irregular behaviors of celestial bodies, and how this knowledge impacts everyday practices essential for survival such as farming and travelling. What science writing from this period demonstrates is the ability for multiple ways of thinking to be in play simultaneously; these texts show how several worldviews (i.e. science, Puritanism, popular religion) are intrinsic to each other. Because of their liminality, these texts function outside of traditional categories such science, religion, and natural philosophy. Furthermore, they destabilize traditional conceptions of genre with their blend of rational and non-rational modes of thought and their incorporation of fact and fiction. While I treat these literary texts within their historical contexts, I am also interested in the ways in which these texts reach modern audiences, particularly in academia at a time when the humanities and sciences are positioned against one another.
Temple University--Theses
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Marquez, Maria Victoria. "Los “más alentados y empolvados comerciantes”. Sujetos mercantiles y escritura en el Tucumán colonial". The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1534436661290032.
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Escondo, Kristina A. "Anti-Colonial Archipelagos: Expressions of Agency and Modernity in the Caribbean and the Philippines, 1880-1910". The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1405510408.
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Hebble, John. "The Vassall-Craigie-Longfellow House of 1759: From Colonial America to the Colonial Revival and Beyond". VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/603.
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The Longfellow House in Cambridge, Massachusetts is one of America’s best known historic homes. Built in 1759 by Major John Vassall, the grand house exemplified Colonial English tastes and was at the center of a cycle of Colonial Royalist mansions. After the American Revolution, however, the house quickly became a symbol of American patriotism. Occupants ranging from General George Washington and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow each added to the legacy of the house. Early in the nineteenth century, the Longfellow House’s distyle portico- pavilion traveled to Canterbury, Connecticut, becoming a colloquial house-type. Aided by its connection to General Washington and its appearance in two World’s Fairs, the house gained further popularity around the American Centennial. This thesis provides the most expansive history of the house’s impact on American architecture to date and is the first to connect the house to both the Greenhouse at Mount Vernon and Connecticut’s “Canterbury Style.”
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Tidwell, Wylie Jason Donte' III. "Colonial South Carolina's influence on the American constitution". DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2010. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/151.
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This research examines whether or not the colonial statutes of South Carolina, created between 1600 and 1787, helped to shape the American Constitution regarding race and the institution of slavery. The research suggests that South Carolina’s persistence and insistence that the institution of racial slavery be protected by the Constitution was a major influence on the perception of slavery by its framers. The Constitution was the document that ultimately encompassed most of the political thoughts and issues found in colonial America. This research was based on the premise that the field of Black Studies was in need of an analysis and comparison of the similarities between the racism that existed in colonial America and racism after the adoption of the American Constitution and its amendments. The researcher found that South Carolina’s diligence and insistence during the Constitutional Convention of 1787, that racial slavery be protected by the Constitution, was the major influence on how the American Constitution would be worded, in reference to slavery as a means of representation and possible economical gains. The conclusions drawn from the findings suggest that, the American Constitution emerged as an inherently racist document supporting slavery as a means of furthering American economic needs. The colonists in all the British colonies (South Carolina included) passed a series of laws that helped maintain the structure of slavery and gave them control over their slave labor. However, colonial South Carolina statutes, more than other colonies, were developed to maintain slavery. These statutes were later supported by the American legal system.
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Román-Beato, Bernardo A. "The "Carnivaleque" : spirit in colonial Hispanic American prose /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3091963.
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Elizalde, Aldo. "Pre-colonial institutions and long-run development in Latin America". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7561/.
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The present doctoral thesis studies the association between pre-colonial institutions and long-run development in Latin America. The thesis is organised as follows: Chapter 1 places the motivation of the thesis by underlying relevant contributions in the literature on long-run development. I then set out the main objective of the thesis, followed by a brief outline of it. In Chapter 2, I study the effects of pre-colonial institutions on present-day socioeconomic outcomes for Latin America. The main thesis of this chapter is that more advanced pre-colonial institutions relate to better socioeconomic outcomes today - principally, but not only, through their effects on the Amerindian population. I test such hypothesis with a dataset of 324 sub-national administrative units covering all mainland Latin American countries. The extensive range of controls covers factors such as climate, location, natural resources, colonial activities and pre-colonial characteristics - plus country fixed effects. Results strongly support the main thesis. In Chapter 3, I further analyse the association between pre-colonial institutions and present-day economic development in Latin America by using the historical ethnic homelands as my main unit of analysis. The main hypothesis is that ethnic homelands inhabited by more advanced ethnic groups -as measured by their levels of institutional complexity- relate to better economic development today. To track these long-run effects, I construct a new dataset by digitising historiographical maps allowing me to pinpoint the geospatial location of ethnic homelands as of the XVI century. As a result, 375 ethnic homelands are created. I then capture the levels of economic development at the ethnic homeland level by making use of alternative economic measures --satellite light density data. After controlling for country-specific characteristics and applying a large battery of geographical, locational, and historical factors, I found that the effects of pre-colonial institutions relate to a higher light density --as a proxy for economic activity- in ethnic homelands where more advanced ethnic groups lived. In Chapter 4, I explore a mechanism linking the persistence of pre-colonial institutions in Latin America over the long-run: Colonial and post-colonial strategies along with the ethnic political capacity worked in tandem allowing larger Amerindian groups to "support" the new political systems in ways that would benefit their respective ethnic groups as well as the population at large. This mechanism may have allowed the effects of pre-colonial institutions to influence socioeconomic development outcomes up to today. To shed lights on this mechanism, I combine the index of pre-colonial institutions prepared for the second chapter of the present thesis with individual-level survey data on people's attitudes. By controlling for key observable and unobservable country-specific characteristics, the main empirical results show that areas with a history of more advanced pre-colonial institutions increase the probability of individuals supporting present-day political institutions. Finally, in Chapter 5, I summarise the main findings of the thesis, and emphasise the key weaknesses of the study as well as potential avenues for future research.
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Nelson, Robert Nicholas. "Connecting Ireland and America: Early English Colonial Theory 1560-1620". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4756/.
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This work demonstrates the connections that exist in rhetoric and planning between the Irish plantation projects in the Ards, Munster , Ulster and the Jamestown colony in Virginia . The planners of these projects focused on the creation of internal stability rather than the mission to 'civilize' the natives. The continuity between these projects is examined on several points: the rhetoric the English used to describe the native peoples and the lands to be colonized, who initiated each project, funding and financial terms, the manner of establishing title, the manner of granting the lands to settlers, and the status the natives were expected to hold in the plantation. Comparison of these points highlights the early English colonial idea and the variance between rhetoric and planning.
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Roberts, Luke Edward. "Colonial Williamsburg, National Identity, and Cold War Patriotism". W&M ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626439.
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Ferro, David L. "Selling Science in the Colonial American Newspaper: How the Middle Colonial American General Periodical Represented Nature, Philosophy, Medicine, and Technology, 1728 - 1765". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27585.
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This study examines the character of colonial American newspaper science to understand how and to what extent the newspaper contributed to the movement of information between those engaged in science and the public. It explores the issue of the origins of science and the press in America and characterizes the public role of enlightenment science in articles and advertisements pertaining to matters of health, invention and the natural world. The focus is on the mid-Atlantic region of colonial American newspapers including all the extant issues of the Pennsylvania Gazette, Maryland Gazette, Virginia Gazette, and American Weekly Mercury between the years 1728 to 1765. This study aims at informing the discussions of Enlightenment thought in colonial America and the role the newspaper played in the public acceptance of the processes of natural philosophy.
The findings reveal that in the eighteenth century the colonial American newspaper became the textual locus through which the negotiations of what would and would not constitute acceptable public explanations of numerous subjects, including natural phenomena, were played out. Along with the public lecture, the newspaper became a primary device where actors and artifacts made legitimizing natural claims to a larger audience and enlisted allies in both scientific and broader disputes. In this way the American colonies paralleled Britain which had seen an increase in the public witnessing of an empirical natural philosophy and an appeal to economic and social gain for that philosophy since the late seventeenth century. In order to enroll a broader constituency, natural philosophers used the newspaper to argue for the value of rational and empirical exploration and its products in everyday affairs, matters of state, and even entertainment.
Despite the negotiation through the pages of the general periodical, and despite the lack of strong differentiation between "virtuosi" and "lay" philosophers, the newspaper seldom became a principle place of exchange for the theory and practice of science between those doing science. With some notable and interesting exceptions, the public infrequently became privy to vanguard scientific theory and scientific disputes or enjoyed direct participation through the newspaper. Nevertheless, in eighteenth-century British America, the drive for public acceptance of natural philosophical explanations by those engaged in its explorations made the representative power of the newspaper critical to the success of science. By promoting an empirical view of the world the newspaper helped create a contemporary science, science communication and a society, that to varying degrees accepted the practices of science.Ph. D.
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Pompa, Cristina. "Religião como tradução : missionários, Tupi e Tapuia no Brasil colonial /". Bauru : EDUSC [u.a.], 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/478499655.pdf.
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Thibodeau, Anthony. "Anti-colonial Resistance and Indigenous Identity in North American Heavy Metal". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1395606419.
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Watkins, John. ""Insolent and Contemptuous Carriages": Re-Conceptualizing Illegitimacy in Colonial British America". [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000137.
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Sparks, Amy M. "The white witch : Emily Dickinson and colonial American witchcraft /". View online, 1990. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211998880715.pdf.
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Honda, Laercio Massaru. "Francisco Pinheiro : as atividades de um comerciante de grosso trato na America Portuguesa (1703-1749)". [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285879.
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Orientador: Ligia Maria Osorio SilvaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T17:31:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Honda_LaercioMassaru_M.pdf: 593831 bytes, checksum: 313160f158fb67e7833f6207996f5d62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004
Resumo: O grande comerciante Francisco Pinheiro nunca saiu dos arredores de Lisboa, mas controlava seus negócios à distância através de intensa correspondência trocada com seus representantes comerciais instalados nos três continentes: Europa, Ásia e América portuguesa, em regiões tão distantes como Cuiabá e Macau, na primeira metade do século XVIII. O contexto era realmente o da exploração colonial. As riquezas coloniais deveriam seguir o caminho da metrópole conforme os mandamentos do sistema colonial. E para isso o comércio foi de fundamental importância na medida em que representava uma eficiente máquina de sugar o excedente econômico da colônia. Através da análise das cartas de Francisco Pinheiro, pudemos acompanhar o cotidiano de alguns dos protagonistas desse mesmo comércio colonial e, na medida em que adentramos a sua atividade profissional descendo ao nível das atitudes do dia a dia para viabilizar os seus negócios, pudemos destacar a óptica do comerciante, o que contribui para conhecermos melhor o funcionamento do comércio colonial como um todo. Ao ressaltar a análise do comércio colonial do ponto de vista do comerciante notamos algumas peculiaridades. O Estado se esforçava para manter a regularidade do sistema de frotas, mas os comerciantes procuravam burlar esse sistema; os representantes de Pinheiro pediam insistentemente para enviar navios fora da frota e, em casos extremos, isto é, de excesso de mercadorias na colônia, os comerciantes pediam simplesmente para não haver frota em determinado ano, porque a chegada de novas mercadorias só complicaria a situação. Apesar das recomendações para que se vendam logo as mercadorias pelo estado da terra, há inúmeros exemplos em que por erro de cálculo ou falha nas informações, não era possível vender as mercadorias nem pelo preço que tinham custado em Lisboa, segundo esses comerciantes. E nesse caso as vendas só davam lucros ao Rei, por conta dos impostos e aos navios, por causa dos fretes. Não era tão fácil então, implementar a máxima mercantilista de comprar barato para vender caro. A captura do excedente pelas redes metropolitanas também eram comprometidas quando os representantes comerciais rompiam as intrincadas relações de parentesco e amizade, não cumprindo seus deveres e se ausentando para o sertão com as mercadorias consignadas, ou se envolvendo em confusões onde cometiam assassinatos ou outros delitos em total prejuízo da sua atividade comercial. Outros traiam a confiança e não enviavam os resultados das vendas, acumulando dívidas que não pagavam e se enriqueciam por meios escusos como o sobrinho de Pinheiro João Pinheiro Netto, que lesou inclusive os seus irmãos. Alguns esqueciam por completo o propósito inicial de se enriquecerem na colônia para garantir uma vida melhor para a sua família em Portugal. Cruz constituiu nova família em Sabará ostentando um estilo de vida oneroso, dissipando facilmente as riquezas acumuladas em tempos de prosperidade, contrariando as constantes recomendações de Pinheiro que os instruía quanto a conduta mais adequada para ter sucesso como comerciante: trabalhar bastante sem desperdiçar tempo nem esforços, evitando o ócio e não se acostumar à vida dispendiosa. Dessa forma, se o comércio tinha essa funcionalidade para a exploração colonial, não era tão fácil executa-lo para finalmente extrair o excedente da colônia. Este é o foco principal desta pesquisa. Outros aspectos analisados foram a variedade e quantidade das mercadorias consignadas, os prazos de pagamentos, tempos de viagem, as condições em que eram feitos esses transportes, o desenvolvimento das correntes abastecedoras que incorporaram progressivamente os produtos da terra e ganharam vulto a ponto de inverter as rotas de abastecimento que confluíram para o Rio de Janeiro no período seguinte ¿ a partir de 1750
Mestrado
Historia Economica
Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico
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Lomholt, Jane. "The American Dream and theme park cities". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367014.
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Biswas, Paromita. "Colonial displacements nationalist longing and identity among early Indian intellectuals in the United States /". Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1680042161&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Watson, David. "Holding the line : the changing policies of the British Army with respect to Native Americans, 1759-1774". Thesis, University of Dundee, 2012. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/75c0f662-b5e4-4e0f-a92f-1f290e7815ba.
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This dissertation examines the policies pursued by the British Army with respect to Native Americans between 1759 and 1774, when the British Army was in occupation of the colonial American frontier and how and why those policies changed. During this time the army’s policy on Native Americans altered greatly; prior to Pontiac’s War Native American grievances were seen as a low priority by the army, but after that conflict the army started to pay a great deal of attention to Native American concerns. To explain these changes it is necessary to explore the changing conditions on the frontier, the changing relationship between the colonies and Britain, and the differing ideas about Native Americans possessed by General Jeffery Amherst, the commander of the British Army in the colonies at the end of the Seven Years’ War, and his replacement, General Thomas Gage. In particular it is only by examining the very different attitudes towards Native Americans possessed by Amherst and Gage that the changes in British Army policy can be fully explained.
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Warren, Kristy R. "A colonial society in a post-colonial world : Bermuda and the question of independence". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/56401/.
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Since the 1960s, the inhabitants of the British Overseas Territory of Bermuda have serially considered and rejected becoming a sovereign nation. This thesis investigates the extent to which the positions taken by politicians and social commentators, who are involved in the debates concerning independence, are informed by their lived experiences and understandings of the island’s past. Grounded in an analysis of the island’s past, this thesis also investigates how Bermudians have historically defined belonging in the political sphere and public spaces according to ‘race’ and class and how this affects the way in which they interact with each other and regard their relationship with the United Kingdom. The study critically engages with postcolonial theory and asks what the existence of this 21st century colony says about the processes of colonialism and post-colonialism. It also considers how this study fits with other research concerning other remaining Overseas Territories to show the value of conducting in-depth studies of specific societies. By surveying archival documents and conducting interviews a fuller understanding of the political and social development of this island is gained, as viewed by colonial administrators, local government officials, and those who publicly challenged the norms that allowed for social and political inequality on the island. These methods are used to engage with questions of how ideas of self and nation were shaped by segregationist formal education and how this was either reinforced or challenged by what was taught around the kitchen table and in the wider society. It explores how Trade Unionist and the fledgling Progressive Labour Party (PLP) saw a move to independence as part of a wider aim to rectify social injustices. The continuity and change in the debate is then reviewed to see how and the extent to which changes both internally and externally interact with narratives of the past to inform how those involved in the debate imagine the island’s future.
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Davisson, David Michael. ""Smole trifeles" : the itinerant in British North America". [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002393.
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Rodriguez, Linda Marie. "Artistic Production, Race, and History in Colonial Cuba, 1762-1840". Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10467.
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This dissertation addresses the works of art of two free men of color, Vicente Escobar (1762-1834) and José Antonio Aponte (date of birth unknown-1812), who lived in late eighteenth and early nineteenth-century Havana. I offer the first consideration of these two artists together in order to illuminate the scope of visual artistic practice of free people of color prior to the foundation of the fine arts academy, the Academia de San Alejandro, in 1818. Creole and Spanish elites who supported the foundation of the school expressed concern that blacks had been “dominating” the arts and excluded them from studying there. I posit that both Escobar and Aponte worked as self-aware artists prior to the elite project of the fine arts academy, which followed an unclear path after its foundation. Escobar painted the portraits of colonial society’s Spanish and creole elites. The works span the dates from 1785 to 1829. Aponte’s only known work of art – a so-called libro de pinturas (book of paintings) found in 1812 – no longer exists. However, a textual description of the book survives in the court record that documents his trial for conspiring to plan slave rebellions across the island. Aponte collaged together an array of images to depict a “universal black history” that we are now forced to imagine as the original work of art has been lost. I argue that both artists, through their artistic practices, embodied a self-awareness as artists that they directed to transformative ends. These artistic practices – as advanced by the works themselves as well as how they were produced and received – involved the articulation of two axes. The first axis moved from the representation of the visible, in the case of Escobar’s portraits, to the representation of the invisible, in the case of Aponte’s book of paintings. The second axis measures how the works themselves could be “historically effective” – following T.J. Clark – and transform a colonial black identity, operating on the scale of the individual to that of a larger community. For Escobar, his artistic practice was personal; for Aponte, his artistic vision extended beyond himself.History of Art and Architecture
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Penn, Nicole Marie. "Apocalypse Now: War and Religion in Late Colonial and Early Republic America". W&M ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1477068557.
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ABSTRACT French “Idolators,” British “Heretics,” Native “Heathens”: The Seven Years’ War in North America as a Religious Conflict With France and Great Britain as its primary belligerents, the Seven Years' War was an international conflict with a decidedly religious dimension, one based on the longstanding rivalry between Catholicism and Protestantism. In North America, the conflict galvanized clergymen in both the British and French colonies to frame the war as a religious struggle with potentially apocalyptic consequences. This discourse remains understudied by historians, and efforts to address religion's role in America during the Seven Years' War is usually one-sided, focusing either on the French or British experience. This paper aims to fill this historiographic gap by analyzing both sermons produced by Protestant ministers from across the American colonies and pastoral letters issued by the Catholic Bishop of Quebec between 1755 and 1763. Moreover, this paper argues that both French and British religious leaders viewed the Seven Years' War as an extension of the Catholic-Protestant European religious wars of the previous century, and believed that the conflict's outcome would determine the survival of their respective religions in North America. This paper also describes how Native Americans figured in this discourse, employing a combination of captivity narratives written by Protestant ministers and the reports of Jesuit missionaries to further illustrate the war's perceived apocalyptic significance. ABSTRACT “The English Establishment Is, Itself, of a Beastly Nature”: Catholicizing Great Britain in Pro-War American Discourse During the War of 1812 In order to catalyze support for their cause against the British during the War of 1812, pro-war writers in the United States revived a rhetorical device that had once served their Revolutionary predecessors: the casting of Great Britain as an anti-Protestant and practically Catholic agent. Specifically, these writers were reacting to claims made by certain New England religious and political authorities shortly after the war’s inception that Great Britain was Protestantism’s “bulwark,” and as a result should be viewed as an American ally rather than as an enemy. An examination of pro-war newspaper articles and published sermons ranging in origin from Vermont to Maryland demonstrates how pro-war writers deconstructed Great Britain’s historically accepted role as Protestantism’s defender. It also reveals how this rhetorical strategy intensified in comparison to its brief employment during the Revolutionary period, thanks to the manner in which Napoleonic France was perceived as an effective check against the Papacy. Finally, these sources demonstrate the extent to which pro-war writers employed apocalyptic imagery from the biblical Book of Revelation to bolster their denunciation of Great Britain, which they argued stood alongside the Catholic Church as one of the beasts of the Apocalypse.
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Blackhawk, Ned. "Violence over the land : colonial encounters in the American Great Basin /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10405.
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Jimenez, del Val Nasheli. "Seeing cannibals : European colonial discourses on the Latin American other". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2009. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55851/.
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The figure of the cannibal has been central in the development of European colonial discourses on Latin America. It has functioned as a locus for coming to grips with otherness and as a crucial marker for differentiating between the "civilised" and the "savage" in European discourses. While there is an extensive academic body of work on the figure of the Latin American cannibal in written texts, a study dedicated exclusively to the images of Latin American cannibals is lacking. The present dissertation addresses this gap by looking at the role that printed images of cannibalism played in the construction of European discourses on Latin American otherness during the colonial period of the region (1500-ca. 1750). It focuses on a corpus consisting mainly of woodcuts and copperplates that illustrated the main European travel narratives, New World compendiums, maps and atlases of the period. Centrally, this work proposes that visual representations of the cannibal functioned as discursive sites for the deployment of strategic othering at the service of European colonialism in the Americas. The theoretical framework for this study is based on Foucault's work on discourse and the impact that particular systems of power/knowledge had on the representational regimes of the period. Further theoretical references include postcolonial theory through figures such as Said, Bhabha and Mignolo, as well as current debates on visual culture and visuality. In terms of methodology, the thesis locates the shifts in European forms of discursive othering over time and space by following a Foucauldian method of discourse analysis based on archaeological and genealogical analyses of the corpus. It also addresses the intertextual and interdiscursive threads that connect these printed images of Latin American cannibals to their accompanying texts and surrounding discourses.
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Nuttall, Alice. "Fur, fangs and feathers : colonial and counter-colonial portrayals of American Indians in young adult fantasy literature". Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2015. https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/c2b39c47-ca72-43df-ad6d-615dba4faa49/1.
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Although there have been many postcolonial studies of the portrayals of Native American characters in children’s and young adult literature, the majority of these have focused on historical novels, rather than analysing fantasy literature. Additionally, I have found no direct comparisons between texts by Native and non-Native authors, and the impact of authorship on the representations of American Indian characters. I believe that a study of this area of literature is important, as it will serve to examine how the portrayal of Native characters in texts varies depending on the insider or outsider experience of the author. In my thesis, using critical theory around Gothic, gender and queer studies, I analyse three examples of young adult fantasy literature; the Twilight saga by Stephenie Meyer, the Tantalize series by Cynthia Leitich Smith, and the novel Wolf Mark by Joseph Bruchac. In the first chapter, I study the texts’ portrayals of Native American spiritual beliefs, comparing Meyer’s use of Quileute legends to bolster her series’ mythology with Bruchac’s reinterpretation of Abenaki beliefs in Wolf Mark. In the next chapter, I focus on the role of Christianity in the novels, considering historical contexts of missionary movements and colonisation. Chapter Three analyses the novels from a gender studies perspective, considering the racialised representations of masculinity and femininity in the texts, while Chapter Four studies the theme of sexuality in the novels. Finally, in the fifth chapter, I look at postcolonial Gothic space in the novels, and its connections to frontiers and borders, both physical and psychic. ii As a result of my research, I discovered that the Quileute characters in Meyer’s novels correspond with images of Native peoples as ‘savage’ and animalistic, with Native men portrayed as violent and sexually threatening, and Native women as pitiable and subordinate. Her focus on the ‘treaty line’ established by the vampires, and the ‘civilising process’ the main Quileute character Jacob undergoes during his time with the Cullen family, perpetuate colonialist narratives. By contrast, Leitich Smith and Bruchac write against these stereotypes. Bruchac focuses directly on Abenaki characters, writing from an insider perspective that allows him to create a nuanced, non-stereotypical portrayal of a Native protagonist. Although Leitich Smith does not write directly about Native characters or cultures, her representations of gender, sexuality and race correspond with a counter-colonialist perspective. My direct comparison of texts by Native and non-Native authors shows that an author writing from an outsider perspective is far more likely to use stereotypical portrayals of American Indian characters and cultures than an author with an insider perspective of a Native culture. It also indicates that young adult fantasy literature, with its emphasis on the boundaries between childhood and adulthood, can be used as a site for both conservative and radical narratives on colonialism and postcolonialism.
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Bonnet, Marcia Cristina Leao. "The transient form : source, reflection and innovation in the woodcarving of Portuguese America". Thesis, University of Essex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327092.
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Lerner, Isaías. "Las misceláneas renacentistas y el mundo colonial americano". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/101688.
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Crane, David Lewington. "Colonial identifications for native Americans in the Carolinas, 1540-1790 /". Electronic version (PDF), 2006. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2006/craned/davidcrane.pdf.
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Fiorito, Regina. "Wohnsiedlungsarchitektur der 60er Jahre in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika und Deutschland : eine vergleichende Untersuchung /". Köln : Universität zu Köln, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37077433j.
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